INSTRUCTION stringlengths 1 46.3k | RESPONSE stringlengths 75 80.2k |
|---|---|
Connects the socket to a remote address without blocking.
May only be called if the socket passed to the constructor was
not previously connected. The address parameter is in the
same format as for `socket.connect <socket.socket.connect>` for
the type of socket passed to the IOStream c... | def connect(
self: _IOStreamType, address: tuple, server_hostname: str = None
) -> "Future[_IOStreamType]":
"""Connects the socket to a remote address without blocking.
May only be called if the socket passed to the constructor was
not previously connected. The address parameter is... |
Convert this `IOStream` to an `SSLIOStream`.
This enables protocols that begin in clear-text mode and
switch to SSL after some initial negotiation (such as the
``STARTTLS`` extension to SMTP and IMAP).
This method cannot be used if there are outstanding reads
or writes on the s... | def start_tls(
self,
server_side: bool,
ssl_options: Union[Dict[str, Any], ssl.SSLContext] = None,
server_hostname: str = None,
) -> Awaitable["SSLIOStream"]:
"""Convert this `IOStream` to an `SSLIOStream`.
This enables protocols that begin in clear-text mode and
... |
Returns ``True`` if peercert is valid according to the configured
validation mode and hostname.
The ssl handshake already tested the certificate for a valid
CA signature; the only thing that remains is to check
the hostname. | def _verify_cert(self, peercert: Any) -> bool:
"""Returns ``True`` if peercert is valid according to the configured
validation mode and hostname.
The ssl handshake already tested the certificate for a valid
CA signature; the only thing that remains is to check
the hostname.
... |
Wait for the initial SSL handshake to complete.
If a ``callback`` is given, it will be called with no
arguments once the handshake is complete; otherwise this
method returns a `.Future` which will resolve to the
stream itself after the handshake is complete.
Once the handshake ... | def wait_for_handshake(self) -> "Future[SSLIOStream]":
"""Wait for the initial SSL handshake to complete.
If a ``callback`` is given, it will be called with no
arguments once the handshake is complete; otherwise this
method returns a `.Future` which will resolve to the
stream it... |
Turns on formatted logging output as configured.
This is called automatically by `tornado.options.parse_command_line`
and `tornado.options.parse_config_file`. | def enable_pretty_logging(options: Any = None, logger: logging.Logger = None) -> None:
"""Turns on formatted logging output as configured.
This is called automatically by `tornado.options.parse_command_line`
and `tornado.options.parse_config_file`.
"""
if options is None:
import tornado.opt... |
Add logging-related flags to ``options``.
These options are present automatically on the default options instance;
this method is only necessary if you have created your own `.OptionParser`.
.. versionadded:: 4.2
This function existed in prior versions but was broken and undocumented until 4.2. | def define_logging_options(options: Any = None) -> None:
"""Add logging-related flags to ``options``.
These options are present automatically on the default options instance;
this method is only necessary if you have created your own `.OptionParser`.
.. versionadded:: 4.2
This function existed... |
Creates a AsyncHTTPClient.
Only a single AsyncHTTPClient instance exists per IOLoop
in order to provide limitations on the number of pending connections.
``force_instance=True`` may be used to suppress this behavior.
Note that because of this implicit reuse, unless ``force_instance``
... | def initialize( # type: ignore
self,
max_clients: int = 10,
hostname_mapping: Dict[str, str] = None,
max_buffer_size: int = 104857600,
resolver: Resolver = None,
defaults: Dict[str, Any] = None,
max_header_size: int = None,
max_body_size: int = None,
... |
Timeout callback of request.
Construct a timeout HTTPResponse when a timeout occurs.
:arg object key: A simple object to mark the request.
:info string key: More detailed timeout information. | def _on_timeout(self, key: object, info: str = None) -> None:
"""Timeout callback of request.
Construct a timeout HTTPResponse when a timeout occurs.
:arg object key: A simple object to mark the request.
:info string key: More detailed timeout information.
"""
request, ... |
Timeout callback of _HTTPConnection instance.
Raise a `HTTPTimeoutError` when a timeout occurs.
:info string key: More detailed timeout information. | def _on_timeout(self, info: str = None) -> None:
"""Timeout callback of _HTTPConnection instance.
Raise a `HTTPTimeoutError` when a timeout occurs.
:info string key: More detailed timeout information.
"""
self._timeout = None
error_message = "Timeout {0}".format(info) i... |
Calculates the HMAC-SHA1 OAuth 1.0a signature for the given request.
See http://oauth.net/core/1.0a/#signing_process | def _oauth10a_signature(
consumer_token: Dict[str, Any],
method: str,
url: str,
parameters: Dict[str, Any] = {},
token: Dict[str, Any] = None,
) -> bytes:
"""Calculates the HMAC-SHA1 OAuth 1.0a signature for the given request.
See http://oauth.net/core/1.0a/#signing_process
"""
part... |
Redirects to the authentication URL for this service.
After authentication, the service will redirect back to the given
callback URI with additional parameters including ``openid.mode``.
We request the given attributes for the authenticated user by
default (name, email, language, and u... | def authenticate_redirect(
self,
callback_uri: str = None,
ax_attrs: List[str] = ["name", "email", "language", "username"],
) -> None:
"""Redirects to the authentication URL for this service.
After authentication, the service will redirect back to the given
callback ... |
Fetches the authenticated user data upon redirect.
This method should be called by the handler that receives the
redirect from the `authenticate_redirect()` method (which is
often the same as the one that calls it; in that case you would
call `get_authenticated_user` if the ``openid.mod... | async def get_authenticated_user(
self, http_client: httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient = None
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Fetches the authenticated user data upon redirect.
This method should be called by the handler that receives the
redirect from the `authenticate_redirect()` method (which i... |
Redirects the user to obtain OAuth authorization for this service.
The ``callback_uri`` may be omitted if you have previously
registered a callback URI with the third-party service. For
some services, you must use a previously-registered callback
URI and cannot specify a callback via th... | async def authorize_redirect(
self,
callback_uri: str = None,
extra_params: Dict[str, Any] = None,
http_client: httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient = None,
) -> None:
"""Redirects the user to obtain OAuth authorization for this service.
The ``callback_uri`` may be omitted if ... |
Gets the OAuth authorized user and access token.
This method should be called from the handler for your
OAuth callback URL to complete the registration process. We run the
callback with the authenticated user dictionary. This dictionary
will contain an ``access_key`` which can be used ... | async def get_authenticated_user(
self, http_client: httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient = None
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Gets the OAuth authorized user and access token.
This method should be called from the handler for your
OAuth callback URL to complete the registration process. We run the
... |
Subclasses must override this to get basic information about the
user.
Should be a coroutine whose result is a dictionary
containing information about the user, which may have been
retrieved by using ``access_token`` to make a request to the
service.
The access token wi... | async def _oauth_get_user_future(
self, access_token: Dict[str, Any]
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Subclasses must override this to get basic information about the
user.
Should be a coroutine whose result is a dictionary
containing information about the user, which may have been
... |
Redirects the user to obtain OAuth authorization for this service.
Some providers require that you register a redirect URL with
your application instead of passing one via this method. You
should call this method to log the user in, and then call
``get_authenticated_user`` in the handle... | def authorize_redirect(
self,
redirect_uri: str = None,
client_id: str = None,
client_secret: str = None,
extra_params: Dict[str, Any] = None,
scope: str = None,
response_type: str = "code",
) -> None:
"""Redirects the user to obtain OAuth authorizatio... |
Fetches the given URL auth an OAuth2 access token.
If the request is a POST, ``post_args`` should be provided. Query
string arguments should be given as keyword arguments.
Example usage:
..testcode::
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler,
... | async def oauth2_request(
self,
url: str,
access_token: str = None,
post_args: Dict[str, Any] = None,
**args: Any
) -> Any:
"""Fetches the given URL auth an OAuth2 access token.
If the request is a POST, ``post_args`` should be provided. Query
string ... |
Just like `~OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect`, but
auto-redirects if authorized.
This is generally the right interface to use if you are using
Twitter for single-sign on.
.. versionchanged:: 3.1
Now returns a `.Future` and takes an optional callback, for
compatibilit... | async def authenticate_redirect(self, callback_uri: str = None) -> None:
"""Just like `~OAuthMixin.authorize_redirect`, but
auto-redirects if authorized.
This is generally the right interface to use if you are using
Twitter for single-sign on.
.. versionchanged:: 3.1
... |
Fetches the given API path, e.g., ``statuses/user_timeline/btaylor``
The path should not include the format or API version number.
(we automatically use JSON format and API version 1).
If the request is a POST, ``post_args`` should be provided. Query
string arguments should be given as... | async def twitter_request(
self,
path: str,
access_token: Dict[str, Any],
post_args: Dict[str, Any] = None,
**args: Any
) -> Any:
"""Fetches the given API path, e.g., ``statuses/user_timeline/btaylor``
The path should not include the format or API version num... |
Handles the login for the Google user, returning an access token.
The result is a dictionary containing an ``access_token`` field
([among others](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OAuth2WebServer#handlingtheresponse)).
Unlike other ``get_authenticated_user`` methods in this packa... | async def get_authenticated_user(
self, redirect_uri: str, code: str
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Handles the login for the Google user, returning an access token.
The result is a dictionary containing an ``access_token`` field
([among others](https://developers.google.com/identity/proto... |
Handles the login for the Facebook user, returning a user object.
Example usage:
.. testcode::
class FacebookGraphLoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler,
tornado.auth.FacebookGraphMixin):
async def get(self):
if ... | async def get_authenticated_user(
self,
redirect_uri: str,
client_id: str,
client_secret: str,
code: str,
extra_fields: Dict[str, Any] = None,
) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""Handles the login for the Facebook user, returning a user object.
Example ... |
Fetches the given relative API path, e.g., "/btaylor/picture"
If the request is a POST, ``post_args`` should be provided. Query
string arguments should be given as keyword arguments.
An introduction to the Facebook Graph API can be found at
http://developers.facebook.com/docs/api
... | async def facebook_request(
self,
path: str,
access_token: str = None,
post_args: Dict[str, Any] = None,
**args: Any
) -> Any:
"""Fetches the given relative API path, e.g., "/btaylor/picture"
If the request is a POST, ``post_args`` should be provided. Query
... |
Wait for `.notify`.
Returns a `.Future` that resolves ``True`` if the condition is notified,
or ``False`` after a timeout. | def wait(self, timeout: Union[float, datetime.timedelta] = None) -> Awaitable[bool]:
"""Wait for `.notify`.
Returns a `.Future` that resolves ``True`` if the condition is notified,
or ``False`` after a timeout.
"""
waiter = Future() # type: Future[bool]
self._waiters.ap... |
Wake ``n`` waiters. | def notify(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
"""Wake ``n`` waiters."""
waiters = [] # Waiters we plan to run right now.
while n and self._waiters:
waiter = self._waiters.popleft()
if not waiter.done(): # Might have timed out.
n -= 1
waiters.appe... |
Set the internal flag to ``True``. All waiters are awakened.
Calling `.wait` once the flag is set will not block. | def set(self) -> None:
"""Set the internal flag to ``True``. All waiters are awakened.
Calling `.wait` once the flag is set will not block.
"""
if not self._value:
self._value = True
for fut in self._waiters:
if not fut.done():
... |
Block until the internal flag is true.
Returns an awaitable, which raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a
timeout. | def wait(self, timeout: Union[float, datetime.timedelta] = None) -> Awaitable[None]:
"""Block until the internal flag is true.
Returns an awaitable, which raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a
timeout.
"""
fut = Future() # type: Future[None]
if self._value:
... |
Increment the counter and wake one waiter. | def release(self) -> None:
"""Increment the counter and wake one waiter."""
self._value += 1
while self._waiters:
waiter = self._waiters.popleft()
if not waiter.done():
self._value -= 1
# If the waiter is a coroutine paused at
... |
Decrement the counter. Returns an awaitable.
Block if the counter is zero and wait for a `.release`. The awaitable
raises `.TimeoutError` after the deadline. | def acquire(
self, timeout: Union[float, datetime.timedelta] = None
) -> Awaitable[_ReleasingContextManager]:
"""Decrement the counter. Returns an awaitable.
Block if the counter is zero and wait for a `.release`. The awaitable
raises `.TimeoutError` after the deadline.
"""
... |
Increment the counter and wake one waiter. | def release(self) -> None:
"""Increment the counter and wake one waiter."""
if self._value >= self._initial_value:
raise ValueError("Semaphore released too many times")
super(BoundedSemaphore, self).release() |
Attempt to lock. Returns an awaitable.
Returns an awaitable, which raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a
timeout. | def acquire(
self, timeout: Union[float, datetime.timedelta] = None
) -> Awaitable[_ReleasingContextManager]:
"""Attempt to lock. Returns an awaitable.
Returns an awaitable, which raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a
timeout.
"""
return self._block.acquire(time... |
Read a single HTTP response.
Typical client-mode usage is to write a request using `write_headers`,
`write`, and `finish`, and then call ``read_response``.
:arg delegate: a `.HTTPMessageDelegate`
Returns a `.Future` that resolves to a bool after the full response has
been read... | def read_response(self, delegate: httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate) -> Awaitable[bool]:
"""Read a single HTTP response.
Typical client-mode usage is to write a request using `write_headers`,
`write`, and `finish`, and then call ``read_response``.
:arg delegate: a `.HTTPMessageDelegate`
... |
Clears the callback attributes.
This allows the request handler to be garbage collected more
quickly in CPython by breaking up reference cycles. | def _clear_callbacks(self) -> None:
"""Clears the callback attributes.
This allows the request handler to be garbage collected more
quickly in CPython by breaking up reference cycles.
"""
self._write_callback = None
self._write_future = None # type: Optional[Future[None... |
Take control of the underlying stream.
Returns the underlying `.IOStream` object and stops all further
HTTP processing. May only be called during
`.HTTPMessageDelegate.headers_received`. Intended for implementing
protocols like websockets that tunnel over an HTTP handshake. | def detach(self) -> iostream.IOStream:
"""Take control of the underlying stream.
Returns the underlying `.IOStream` object and stops all further
HTTP processing. May only be called during
`.HTTPMessageDelegate.headers_received`. Intended for implementing
protocols like websock... |
Implements `.HTTPConnection.write_headers`. | def write_headers(
self,
start_line: Union[httputil.RequestStartLine, httputil.ResponseStartLine],
headers: httputil.HTTPHeaders,
chunk: bytes = None,
) -> "Future[None]":
"""Implements `.HTTPConnection.write_headers`."""
lines = []
if self.is_client:
... |
Implements `.HTTPConnection.write`.
For backwards compatibility it is allowed but deprecated to
skip `write_headers` and instead call `write()` with a
pre-encoded header block. | def write(self, chunk: bytes) -> "Future[None]":
"""Implements `.HTTPConnection.write`.
For backwards compatibility it is allowed but deprecated to
skip `write_headers` and instead call `write()` with a
pre-encoded header block.
"""
future = None
if self.stream.c... |
Implements `.HTTPConnection.finish`. | def finish(self) -> None:
"""Implements `.HTTPConnection.finish`."""
if (
self._expected_content_remaining is not None
and self._expected_content_remaining != 0
and not self.stream.closed()
):
self.stream.close()
raise httputil.HTTPOutp... |
Closes the connection.
Returns a `.Future` that resolves after the serving loop has exited. | async def close(self) -> None:
"""Closes the connection.
Returns a `.Future` that resolves after the serving loop has exited.
"""
self.stream.close()
# Block until the serving loop is done, but ignore any exceptions
# (start_serving is already responsible for logging the... |
Starts serving requests on this connection.
:arg delegate: a `.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate` | def start_serving(self, delegate: httputil.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate) -> None:
"""Starts serving requests on this connection.
:arg delegate: a `.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate`
"""
assert isinstance(delegate, httputil.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate)
fut = gen.convert_yielded(self... |
Client-side websocket support.
Takes a url and returns a Future whose result is a
`WebSocketClientConnection`.
``compression_options`` is interpreted in the same way as the
return value of `.WebSocketHandler.get_compression_options`.
The connection supports two styles of operation. In the corouti... | def websocket_connect(
url: Union[str, httpclient.HTTPRequest],
callback: Callable[["Future[WebSocketClientConnection]"], None] = None,
connect_timeout: float = None,
on_message_callback: Callable[[Union[None, str, bytes]], None] = None,
compression_options: Dict[str, Any] = None,
ping_interval:... |
Sends the given message to the client of this Web Socket.
The message may be either a string or a dict (which will be
encoded as json). If the ``binary`` argument is false, the
message will be sent as utf8; in binary mode any byte string
is allowed.
If the connection is alread... | def write_message(
self, message: Union[bytes, str, Dict[str, Any]], binary: bool = False
) -> "Future[None]":
"""Sends the given message to the client of this Web Socket.
The message may be either a string or a dict (which will be
encoded as json). If the ``binary`` argument is fa... |
Send ping frame to the remote end.
The data argument allows a small amount of data (up to 125
bytes) to be sent as a part of the ping message. Note that not
all websocket implementations expose this data to
applications.
Consider using the ``websocket_ping_interval`` applicatio... | def ping(self, data: Union[str, bytes] = b"") -> None:
"""Send ping frame to the remote end.
The data argument allows a small amount of data (up to 125
bytes) to be sent as a part of the ping message. Note that not
all websocket implementations expose this data to
applications.
... |
Closes this Web Socket.
Once the close handshake is successful the socket will be closed.
``code`` may be a numeric status code, taken from the values
defined in `RFC 6455 section 7.4.1
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1>`_.
``reason`` may be a textual message a... | def close(self, code: int = None, reason: str = None) -> None:
"""Closes this Web Socket.
Once the close handshake is successful the socket will be closed.
``code`` may be a numeric status code, taken from the values
defined in `RFC 6455 section 7.4.1
<https://tools.ietf.org/ht... |
Override to enable support for allowing alternate origins.
The ``origin`` argument is the value of the ``Origin`` HTTP
header, the url responsible for initiating this request. This
method is not called for clients that do not send this header;
such requests are always allowed (because ... | def check_origin(self, origin: str) -> bool:
"""Override to enable support for allowing alternate origins.
The ``origin`` argument is the value of the ``Origin`` HTTP
header, the url responsible for initiating this request. This
method is not called for clients that do not send this he... |
Set the no-delay flag for this stream.
By default, small messages may be delayed and/or combined to minimize
the number of packets sent. This can sometimes cause 200-500ms delays
due to the interaction between Nagle's algorithm and TCP delayed
ACKs. To reduce this delay (at the expens... | def set_nodelay(self, value: bool) -> None:
"""Set the no-delay flag for this stream.
By default, small messages may be delayed and/or combined to minimize
the number of packets sent. This can sometimes cause 200-500ms delays
due to the interaction between Nagle's algorithm and TCP del... |
Runs the given callback with exception handling.
If the callback is a coroutine, returns its Future. On error, aborts the
websocket connection and returns None. | def _run_callback(
self, callback: Callable, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
) -> "Optional[Future[Any]]":
"""Runs the given callback with exception handling.
If the callback is a coroutine, returns its Future. On error, aborts the
websocket connection and returns None.
"""
... |
Instantly aborts the WebSocket connection by closing the socket | def _abort(self) -> None:
"""Instantly aborts the WebSocket connection by closing the socket"""
self.client_terminated = True
self.server_terminated = True
if self.stream is not None:
self.stream.close() # forcibly tear down the connection
self.close() |
Verifies all invariant- and required headers
If a header is missing or have an incorrect value ValueError will be
raised | def _handle_websocket_headers(self, handler: WebSocketHandler) -> None:
"""Verifies all invariant- and required headers
If a header is missing or have an incorrect value ValueError will be
raised
"""
fields = ("Host", "Sec-Websocket-Key", "Sec-Websocket-Version")
if not ... |
Computes the value for the Sec-WebSocket-Accept header,
given the value for Sec-WebSocket-Key. | def compute_accept_value(key: Union[str, bytes]) -> str:
"""Computes the value for the Sec-WebSocket-Accept header,
given the value for Sec-WebSocket-Key.
"""
sha1 = hashlib.sha1()
sha1.update(utf8(key))
sha1.update(b"258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11") # Magic value
... |
Process the headers sent by the server to this client connection.
'key' is the websocket handshake challenge/response key. | def _process_server_headers(
self, key: Union[str, bytes], headers: httputil.HTTPHeaders
) -> None:
"""Process the headers sent by the server to this client connection.
'key' is the websocket handshake challenge/response key.
"""
assert headers["Upgrade"].lower() == "websock... |
Converts a websocket agreed_parameters set to keyword arguments
for our compressor objects. | def _get_compressor_options(
self,
side: str,
agreed_parameters: Dict[str, Any],
compression_options: Dict[str, Any] = None,
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Converts a websocket agreed_parameters set to keyword arguments
for our compressor objects.
"""
options... |
Sends the given message to the client of this Web Socket. | def write_message(
self, message: Union[str, bytes], binary: bool = False
) -> "Future[None]":
"""Sends the given message to the client of this Web Socket."""
if binary:
opcode = 0x2
else:
opcode = 0x1
message = tornado.escape.utf8(message)
ass... |
Send ping frame. | def write_ping(self, data: bytes) -> None:
"""Send ping frame."""
assert isinstance(data, bytes)
self._write_frame(True, 0x9, data) |
Execute on_message, returning its Future if it is a coroutine. | def _handle_message(self, opcode: int, data: bytes) -> "Optional[Future[None]]":
"""Execute on_message, returning its Future if it is a coroutine."""
if self.client_terminated:
return None
if self._frame_compressed:
assert self._decompressor is not None
try:
... |
Closes the WebSocket connection. | def close(self, code: int = None, reason: str = None) -> None:
"""Closes the WebSocket connection."""
if not self.server_terminated:
if not self.stream.closed():
if code is None and reason is not None:
code = 1000 # "normal closure" status code
... |
Return ``True`` if this connection is closing.
The connection is considered closing if either side has
initiated its closing handshake or if the stream has been
shut down uncleanly. | def is_closing(self) -> bool:
"""Return ``True`` if this connection is closing.
The connection is considered closing if either side has
initiated its closing handshake or if the stream has been
shut down uncleanly.
"""
return self.stream.closed() or self.client_terminate... |
Start sending periodic pings to keep the connection alive | def start_pinging(self) -> None:
"""Start sending periodic pings to keep the connection alive"""
assert self.ping_interval is not None
if self.ping_interval > 0:
self.last_ping = self.last_pong = IOLoop.current().time()
self.ping_callback = PeriodicCallback(
... |
Send a ping to keep the websocket alive
Called periodically if the websocket_ping_interval is set and non-zero. | def periodic_ping(self) -> None:
"""Send a ping to keep the websocket alive
Called periodically if the websocket_ping_interval is set and non-zero.
"""
if self.is_closing() and self.ping_callback is not None:
self.ping_callback.stop()
return
# Check for ... |
Closes the websocket connection.
``code`` and ``reason`` are documented under
`WebSocketHandler.close`.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the ``code`` and ``reason`` arguments. | def close(self, code: int = None, reason: str = None) -> None:
"""Closes the websocket connection.
``code`` and ``reason`` are documented under
`WebSocketHandler.close`.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the ``code`` and ``reason`` arguments.
... |
Sends a message to the WebSocket server.
If the stream is closed, raises `WebSocketClosedError`.
Returns a `.Future` which can be used for flow control.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
Exception raised on a closed stream changed from `.StreamClosedError`
to `WebSocketClosedError`... | def write_message(
self, message: Union[str, bytes], binary: bool = False
) -> "Future[None]":
"""Sends a message to the WebSocket server.
If the stream is closed, raises `WebSocketClosedError`.
Returns a `.Future` which can be used for flow control.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0... |
Reads a message from the WebSocket server.
If on_message_callback was specified at WebSocket
initialization, this function will never return messages
Returns a future whose result is the message, or None
if the connection is closed. If a callback argument
is given it will be c... | def read_message(
self, callback: Callable[["Future[Union[None, str, bytes]]"], None] = None
) -> Awaitable[Union[None, str, bytes]]:
"""Reads a message from the WebSocket server.
If on_message_callback was specified at WebSocket
initialization, this function will never return messa... |
Send ping frame to the remote end.
The data argument allows a small amount of data (up to 125
bytes) to be sent as a part of the ping message. Note that not
all websocket implementations expose this data to
applications.
Consider using the ``ping_interval`` argument to
... | def ping(self, data: bytes = b"") -> None:
"""Send ping frame to the remote end.
The data argument allows a small amount of data (up to 125
bytes) to be sent as a part of the ping message. Note that not
all websocket implementations expose this data to
applications.
Con... |
Defines an option in the global namespace.
See `OptionParser.define`. | def define(
name: str,
default: Any = None,
type: type = None,
help: str = None,
metavar: str = None,
multiple: bool = False,
group: str = None,
callback: Callable[[Any], None] = None,
) -> None:
"""Defines an option in the global namespace.
See `OptionParser.define`.
"""
... |
Parses global options from a config file.
See `OptionParser.parse_config_file`. | def parse_config_file(path: str, final: bool = True) -> None:
"""Parses global options from a config file.
See `OptionParser.parse_config_file`.
"""
return options.parse_config_file(path, final=final) |
Parses global options from the command line.
See `OptionParser.parse_command_line`. | def parse_command_line(args: List[str] = None, final: bool = True) -> List[str]:
"""Parses global options from the command line.
See `OptionParser.parse_command_line`.
"""
return options.parse_command_line(args, final=final) |
An iterable of (name, value) pairs.
.. versionadded:: 3.1 | def items(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]:
"""An iterable of (name, value) pairs.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
return [(opt.name, opt.value()) for name, opt in self._options.items()] |
The set of option-groups created by ``define``.
.. versionadded:: 3.1 | def groups(self) -> Set[str]:
"""The set of option-groups created by ``define``.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
return set(opt.group_name for opt in self._options.values()) |
The names and values of options in a group.
Useful for copying options into Application settings::
from tornado.options import define, parse_command_line, options
define('template_path', group='application')
define('static_path', group='application')
parse_com... | def group_dict(self, group: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""The names and values of options in a group.
Useful for copying options into Application settings::
from tornado.options import define, parse_command_line, options
define('template_path', group='application')
de... |
The names and values of all options.
.. versionadded:: 3.1 | def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""The names and values of all options.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
return dict((opt.name, opt.value()) for name, opt in self._options.items()) |
Defines a new command line option.
``type`` can be any of `str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`,
`~datetime.datetime`, or `~datetime.timedelta`. If no ``type``
is given but a ``default`` is, ``type`` is the type of
``default``. Otherwise, ``type`` defaults to `str`.
If ``multiple`` is ... | def define(
self,
name: str,
default: Any = None,
type: type = None,
help: str = None,
metavar: str = None,
multiple: bool = False,
group: str = None,
callback: Callable[[Any], None] = None,
) -> None:
"""Defines a new command line opti... |
Parses all options given on the command line (defaults to
`sys.argv`).
Options look like ``--option=value`` and are parsed according
to their ``type``. For boolean options, ``--option`` is
equivalent to ``--option=true``
If the option has ``multiple=True``, comma-separated valu... | def parse_command_line(
self, args: List[str] = None, final: bool = True
) -> List[str]:
"""Parses all options given on the command line (defaults to
`sys.argv`).
Options look like ``--option=value`` and are parsed according
to their ``type``. For boolean options, ``--option... |
Parses and loads the config file at the given path.
The config file contains Python code that will be executed (so
it is **not safe** to use untrusted config files). Anything in
the global namespace that matches a defined option will be
used to set that option's value.
Options ... | def parse_config_file(self, path: str, final: bool = True) -> None:
"""Parses and loads the config file at the given path.
The config file contains Python code that will be executed (so
it is **not safe** to use untrusted config files). Anything in
the global namespace that matches a de... |
Prints all the command line options to stderr (or another file). | def print_help(self, file: TextIO = None) -> None:
"""Prints all the command line options to stderr (or another file)."""
if file is None:
file = sys.stderr
print("Usage: %s [OPTIONS]" % sys.argv[0], file=file)
print("\nOptions:\n", file=file)
by_group = {} # type: D... |
Convert a SQL row to an object supporting dict and attribute access. | def row_to_obj(self, row, cur):
"""Convert a SQL row to an object supporting dict and attribute access."""
obj = tornado.util.ObjectDict()
for val, desc in zip(row, cur.description):
obj[desc.name] = val
return obj |
Execute a SQL statement.
Must be called with ``await self.execute(...)`` | async def execute(self, stmt, *args):
"""Execute a SQL statement.
Must be called with ``await self.execute(...)``
"""
with (await self.application.db.cursor()) as cur:
await cur.execute(stmt, args) |
Query for a list of results.
Typical usage::
results = await self.query(...)
Or::
for row in await self.query(...) | async def query(self, stmt, *args):
"""Query for a list of results.
Typical usage::
results = await self.query(...)
Or::
for row in await self.query(...)
"""
with (await self.application.db.cursor()) as cur:
await cur.execute(stmt, args)
... |
Query for exactly one result.
Raises NoResultError if there are no results, or ValueError if
there are more than one. | async def queryone(self, stmt, *args):
"""Query for exactly one result.
Raises NoResultError if there are no results, or ValueError if
there are more than one.
"""
results = await self.query(stmt, *args)
if len(results) == 0:
raise NoResultError()
eli... |
Starts accepting connections on the given port.
This method may be called more than once to listen on multiple ports.
`listen` takes effect immediately; it is not necessary to call
`TCPServer.start` afterwards. It is, however, necessary to start
the `.IOLoop`. | def listen(self, port: int, address: str = "") -> None:
"""Starts accepting connections on the given port.
This method may be called more than once to listen on multiple ports.
`listen` takes effect immediately; it is not necessary to call
`TCPServer.start` afterwards. It is, however, ... |
Makes this server start accepting connections on the given sockets.
The ``sockets`` parameter is a list of socket objects such as
those returned by `~tornado.netutil.bind_sockets`.
`add_sockets` is typically used in combination with that
method and `tornado.process.fork_processes` to pr... | def add_sockets(self, sockets: Iterable[socket.socket]) -> None:
"""Makes this server start accepting connections on the given sockets.
The ``sockets`` parameter is a list of socket objects such as
those returned by `~tornado.netutil.bind_sockets`.
`add_sockets` is typically used in com... |
Binds this server to the given port on the given address.
To start the server, call `start`. If you want to run this server
in a single process, you can call `listen` as a shortcut to the
sequence of `bind` and `start` calls.
Address may be either an IP address or hostname. If it's a ... | def bind(
self,
port: int,
address: str = None,
family: socket.AddressFamily = socket.AF_UNSPEC,
backlog: int = 128,
reuse_port: bool = False,
) -> None:
"""Binds this server to the given port on the given address.
To start the server, call `start`. I... |
Starts this server in the `.IOLoop`.
By default, we run the server in this process and do not fork any
additional child process.
If num_processes is ``None`` or <= 0, we detect the number of cores
available on this machine and fork that number of child
processes. If num_process... | def start(self, num_processes: Optional[int] = 1, max_restarts: int = None) -> None:
"""Starts this server in the `.IOLoop`.
By default, we run the server in this process and do not fork any
additional child process.
If num_processes is ``None`` or <= 0, we detect the number of cores
... |
Stops listening for new connections.
Requests currently in progress may still continue after the
server is stopped. | def stop(self) -> None:
"""Stops listening for new connections.
Requests currently in progress may still continue after the
server is stopped.
"""
if self._stopped:
return
self._stopped = True
for fd, sock in self._sockets.items():
assert ... |
Put an item into the queue, perhaps waiting until there is room.
Returns a Future, which raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a
timeout.
``timeout`` may be a number denoting a time (on the same
scale as `tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.time`, normally `time.time`), or a
`datetime.tim... | def put(
self, item: _T, timeout: Union[float, datetime.timedelta] = None
) -> "Future[None]":
"""Put an item into the queue, perhaps waiting until there is room.
Returns a Future, which raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a
timeout.
``timeout`` may be a number denotin... |
Put an item into the queue without blocking.
If no free slot is immediately available, raise `QueueFull`. | def put_nowait(self, item: _T) -> None:
"""Put an item into the queue without blocking.
If no free slot is immediately available, raise `QueueFull`.
"""
self._consume_expired()
if self._getters:
assert self.empty(), "queue non-empty, why are getters waiting?"
... |
Remove and return an item from the queue.
Returns an awaitable which resolves once an item is available, or raises
`tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a timeout.
``timeout`` may be a number denoting a time (on the same
scale as `tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.time`, normally `time.time`), or a
... | def get(self, timeout: Union[float, datetime.timedelta] = None) -> Awaitable[_T]:
"""Remove and return an item from the queue.
Returns an awaitable which resolves once an item is available, or raises
`tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a timeout.
``timeout`` may be a number denoting a ti... |
Remove and return an item from the queue without blocking.
Return an item if one is immediately available, else raise
`QueueEmpty`. | def get_nowait(self) -> _T:
"""Remove and return an item from the queue without blocking.
Return an item if one is immediately available, else raise
`QueueEmpty`.
"""
self._consume_expired()
if self._putters:
assert self.full(), "queue not full, why are putte... |
Indicate that a formerly enqueued task is complete.
Used by queue consumers. For each `.get` used to fetch a task, a
subsequent call to `.task_done` tells the queue that the processing
on the task is complete.
If a `.join` is blocking, it resumes when all items have been
proces... | def task_done(self) -> None:
"""Indicate that a formerly enqueued task is complete.
Used by queue consumers. For each `.get` used to fetch a task, a
subsequent call to `.task_done` tells the queue that the processing
on the task is complete.
If a `.join` is blocking, it resumes... |
Block until all items in the queue are processed.
Returns an awaitable, which raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a
timeout. | def join(self, timeout: Union[float, datetime.timedelta] = None) -> Awaitable[None]:
"""Block until all items in the queue are processed.
Returns an awaitable, which raises `tornado.util.TimeoutError` after a
timeout.
"""
return self._finished.wait(timeout) |
Returns the number of processors on this machine. | def cpu_count() -> int:
"""Returns the number of processors on this machine."""
if multiprocessing is None:
return 1
try:
return multiprocessing.cpu_count()
except NotImplementedError:
pass
try:
return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF")
except (AttributeError, Valu... |
Starts multiple worker processes.
If ``num_processes`` is None or <= 0, we detect the number of cores
available on this machine and fork that number of child
processes. If ``num_processes`` is given and > 0, we fork that
specific number of sub-processes.
Since we use processes and not threads, the... | def fork_processes(num_processes: Optional[int], max_restarts: int = None) -> int:
"""Starts multiple worker processes.
If ``num_processes`` is None or <= 0, we detect the number of cores
available on this machine and fork that number of child
processes. If ``num_processes`` is given and > 0, we fork t... |
Runs ``callback`` when this process exits.
The callback takes one argument, the return code of the process.
This method uses a ``SIGCHLD`` handler, which is a global setting
and may conflict if you have other libraries trying to handle the
same signal. If you are using more than one `... | def set_exit_callback(self, callback: Callable[[int], None]) -> None:
"""Runs ``callback`` when this process exits.
The callback takes one argument, the return code of the process.
This method uses a ``SIGCHLD`` handler, which is a global setting
and may conflict if you have other libr... |
Returns a `.Future` which resolves when the process exits.
Usage::
ret = yield proc.wait_for_exit()
This is a coroutine-friendly alternative to `set_exit_callback`
(and a replacement for the blocking `subprocess.Popen.wait`).
By default, raises `subprocess.CalledProcessEr... | def wait_for_exit(self, raise_error: bool = True) -> "Future[int]":
"""Returns a `.Future` which resolves when the process exits.
Usage::
ret = yield proc.wait_for_exit()
This is a coroutine-friendly alternative to `set_exit_callback`
(and a replacement for the blocking `s... |
Initializes the ``SIGCHLD`` handler.
The signal handler is run on an `.IOLoop` to avoid locking issues.
Note that the `.IOLoop` used for signal handling need not be the
same one used by individual Subprocess objects (as long as the
``IOLoops`` are each running in separate threads).
... | def initialize(cls) -> None:
"""Initializes the ``SIGCHLD`` handler.
The signal handler is run on an `.IOLoop` to avoid locking issues.
Note that the `.IOLoop` used for signal handling need not be the
same one used by individual Subprocess objects (as long as the
``IOLoops`` are... |
Removes the ``SIGCHLD`` handler. | def uninitialize(cls) -> None:
"""Removes the ``SIGCHLD`` handler."""
if not cls._initialized:
return
signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, cls._old_sigchld)
cls._initialized = False |
Called by libcurl when it wants to change the file descriptors
it cares about. | def _handle_socket(self, event: int, fd: int, multi: Any, data: bytes) -> None:
"""Called by libcurl when it wants to change the file descriptors
it cares about.
"""
event_map = {
pycurl.POLL_NONE: ioloop.IOLoop.NONE,
pycurl.POLL_IN: ioloop.IOLoop.READ,
... |
Called by libcurl to schedule a timeout. | def _set_timeout(self, msecs: int) -> None:
"""Called by libcurl to schedule a timeout."""
if self._timeout is not None:
self.io_loop.remove_timeout(self._timeout)
self._timeout = self.io_loop.add_timeout(
self.io_loop.time() + msecs / 1000.0, self._handle_timeout
... |
Called by IOLoop when there is activity on one of our
file descriptors. | def _handle_events(self, fd: int, events: int) -> None:
"""Called by IOLoop when there is activity on one of our
file descriptors.
"""
action = 0
if events & ioloop.IOLoop.READ:
action |= pycurl.CSELECT_IN
if events & ioloop.IOLoop.WRITE:
action |=... |
Called by IOLoop when the requested timeout has passed. | def _handle_timeout(self) -> None:
"""Called by IOLoop when the requested timeout has passed."""
self._timeout = None
while True:
try:
ret, num_handles = self._multi.socket_action(pycurl.SOCKET_TIMEOUT, 0)
except pycurl.error as e:
ret = e.... |
Called by IOLoop periodically to ask libcurl to process any
events it may have forgotten about. | def _handle_force_timeout(self) -> None:
"""Called by IOLoop periodically to ask libcurl to process any
events it may have forgotten about.
"""
while True:
try:
ret, num_handles = self._multi.socket_all()
except pycurl.error as e:
r... |
Process any requests that were completed by the last
call to multi.socket_action. | def _finish_pending_requests(self) -> None:
"""Process any requests that were completed by the last
call to multi.socket_action.
"""
while True:
num_q, ok_list, err_list = self._multi.info_read()
for curl in ok_list:
self._finish(curl)
... |
Executes a request, returning an `HTTPResponse`.
The request may be either a string URL or an `HTTPRequest` object.
If it is a string, we construct an `HTTPRequest` using any additional
kwargs: ``HTTPRequest(request, **kwargs)``
If an error occurs during the fetch, we raise an `HTTPErr... | def fetch(
self, request: Union["HTTPRequest", str], **kwargs: Any
) -> "HTTPResponse":
"""Executes a request, returning an `HTTPResponse`.
The request may be either a string URL or an `HTTPRequest` object.
If it is a string, we construct an `HTTPRequest` using any additional
... |
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