INSTRUCTION stringlengths 1 46.3k | RESPONSE stringlengths 75 80.2k |
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Convert a list bounding boxes from a format specified in `source_format` to the format used by albumentations | def convert_bboxes_to_albumentations(bboxes, source_format, rows, cols, check_validity=False):
"""Convert a list bounding boxes from a format specified in `source_format` to the format used by albumentations
"""
return [convert_bbox_to_albumentations(bbox, source_format, rows, cols, check_validity) for bbox... |
Convert a list of bounding boxes from the format used by albumentations to a format, specified
in `target_format`.
Args:
bboxes (list): List of bounding box with coordinates in the format used by albumentations
target_format (str): required format of the output bounding box. Should be 'coco' or... | def convert_bboxes_from_albumentations(bboxes, target_format, rows, cols, check_validity=False):
"""Convert a list of bounding boxes from the format used by albumentations to a format, specified
in `target_format`.
Args:
bboxes (list): List of bounding box with coordinates in the format used by alb... |
Check if bbox boundaries are in range 0, 1 and minimums are lesser then maximums | def check_bbox(bbox):
"""Check if bbox boundaries are in range 0, 1 and minimums are lesser then maximums"""
for name, value in zip(['x_min', 'y_min', 'x_max', 'y_max'], bbox[:4]):
if not 0 <= value <= 1:
raise ValueError(
'Expected {name} for bbox {bbox} '
't... |
Remove bounding boxes that either lie outside of the visible area by more then min_visibility
or whose area in pixels is under the threshold set by `min_area`. Also it crops boxes to final image size.
Args:
bboxes (list): List of bounding box with coordinates in the format used by albumentations
... | def filter_bboxes(bboxes, rows, cols, min_area=0., min_visibility=0.):
"""Remove bounding boxes that either lie outside of the visible area by more then min_visibility
or whose area in pixels is under the threshold set by `min_area`. Also it crops boxes to final image size.
Args:
bboxes (list): Lis... |
Calculate union of bounding boxes.
Args:
height (float): Height of image or space.
width (float): Width of image or space.
bboxes (list): List like bounding boxes. Format is `[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]`.
erosion_rate (float): How much each bounding box can be shrinked, useful for ... | def union_of_bboxes(height, width, bboxes, erosion_rate=0.0, to_int=False):
"""Calculate union of bounding boxes.
Args:
height (float): Height of image or space.
width (float): Width of image or space.
bboxes (list): List like bounding boxes. Format is `[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]`.
... |
Convert input argument to min-max tuple
Args:
param (scalar, tuple or list of 2+ elements): Input value.
If value is scalar, return value would be (offset - value, offset + value).
If value is tuple, return value would be value + offset (broadcasted).
low: Second element of ... | def to_tuple(param, low=None, bias=None):
"""Convert input argument to min-max tuple
Args:
param (scalar, tuple or list of 2+ elements): Input value.
If value is scalar, return value would be (offset - value, offset + value).
If value is tuple, return value would be value + offse... |
Check if keypoint coordinates are in range [0, 1) | def check_keypoint(kp, rows, cols):
"""Check if keypoint coordinates are in range [0, 1)"""
for name, value, size in zip(['x', 'y'], kp[:2], [cols, rows]):
if not 0 <= value < size:
raise ValueError(
'Expected {name} for keypoint {kp} '
'to be in the range [0.... |
Check if keypoints boundaries are in range [0, 1) | def check_keypoints(keypoints, rows, cols):
"""Check if keypoints boundaries are in range [0, 1)"""
for kp in keypoints:
check_keypoint(kp, rows, cols) |
Begins watching source files for changes.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
The ``io_loop`` argument (deprecated since version 4.1) has been removed. | def start(check_time: int = 500) -> None:
"""Begins watching source files for changes.
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
The ``io_loop`` argument (deprecated since version 4.1) has been removed.
"""
io_loop = ioloop.IOLoop.current()
if io_loop in _io_loops:
return
_io_loops[io_loop] = True... |
Command-line wrapper to re-run a script whenever its source changes.
Scripts may be specified by filename or module name::
python -m tornado.autoreload -m tornado.test.runtests
python -m tornado.autoreload tornado/test/runtests.py
Running a script with this wrapper is similar to calling
`... | def main() -> None:
"""Command-line wrapper to re-run a script whenever its source changes.
Scripts may be specified by filename or module name::
python -m tornado.autoreload -m tornado.test.runtests
python -m tornado.autoreload tornado/test/runtests.py
Running a script with this wrapper ... |
Partition the ``addrinfo`` list by address family.
Returns two lists. The first list contains the first entry from
``addrinfo`` and all others with the same family, and the
second list contains all other addresses (normally one list will
be AF_INET and the other AF_INET6, although non-... | def split(
addrinfo: List[Tuple]
) -> Tuple[
List[Tuple[socket.AddressFamily, Tuple]],
List[Tuple[socket.AddressFamily, Tuple]],
]:
"""Partition the ``addrinfo`` list by address family.
Returns two lists. The first list contains the first entry from
``addrinfo``... |
Connect to the given host and port.
Asynchronously returns an `.IOStream` (or `.SSLIOStream` if
``ssl_options`` is not None).
Using the ``source_ip`` kwarg, one can specify the source
IP address to use when establishing the connection.
In case the user needs to resolve and
... | async def connect(
self,
host: str,
port: int,
af: socket.AddressFamily = socket.AF_UNSPEC,
ssl_options: Union[Dict[str, Any], ssl.SSLContext] = None,
max_buffer_size: int = None,
source_ip: str = None,
source_port: int = None,
timeout: Union[float... |
Close all open connections and asynchronously wait for them to finish.
This method is used in combination with `~.TCPServer.stop` to
support clean shutdowns (especially for unittests). Typical
usage would call ``stop()`` first to stop accepting new
connections, then ``await close_all_co... | async def close_all_connections(self) -> None:
"""Close all open connections and asynchronously wait for them to finish.
This method is used in combination with `~.TCPServer.stop` to
support clean shutdowns (especially for unittests). Typical
usage would call ``stop()`` first to stop ac... |
Rewrite the ``remote_ip`` and ``protocol`` fields. | def _apply_xheaders(self, headers: httputil.HTTPHeaders) -> None:
"""Rewrite the ``remote_ip`` and ``protocol`` fields."""
# Squid uses X-Forwarded-For, others use X-Real-Ip
ip = headers.get("X-Forwarded-For", self.remote_ip)
# Skip trusted downstream hosts in X-Forwarded-For list
... |
Undo changes from `_apply_xheaders`.
Xheaders are per-request so they should not leak to the next
request on the same connection. | def _unapply_xheaders(self) -> None:
"""Undo changes from `_apply_xheaders`.
Xheaders are per-request so they should not leak to the next
request on the same connection.
"""
self.remote_ip = self._orig_remote_ip
self.protocol = self._orig_protocol |
Sets the default locale.
The default locale is assumed to be the language used for all strings
in the system. The translations loaded from disk are mappings from
the default locale to the destination locale. Consequently, you don't
need to create a translation file for the default locale. | def set_default_locale(code: str) -> None:
"""Sets the default locale.
The default locale is assumed to be the language used for all strings
in the system. The translations loaded from disk are mappings from
the default locale to the destination locale. Consequently, you don't
need to create a tran... |
Loads translations from CSV files in a directory.
Translations are strings with optional Python-style named placeholders
(e.g., ``My name is %(name)s``) and their associated translations.
The directory should have translation files of the form ``LOCALE.csv``,
e.g. ``es_GT.csv``. The CSV files should h... | def load_translations(directory: str, encoding: str = None) -> None:
"""Loads translations from CSV files in a directory.
Translations are strings with optional Python-style named placeholders
(e.g., ``My name is %(name)s``) and their associated translations.
The directory should have translation file... |
Loads translations from `gettext`'s locale tree
Locale tree is similar to system's ``/usr/share/locale``, like::
{directory}/{lang}/LC_MESSAGES/{domain}.mo
Three steps are required to have your app translated:
1. Generate POT translation file::
xgettext --language=Python --keyword=_:1,2... | def load_gettext_translations(directory: str, domain: str) -> None:
"""Loads translations from `gettext`'s locale tree
Locale tree is similar to system's ``/usr/share/locale``, like::
{directory}/{lang}/LC_MESSAGES/{domain}.mo
Three steps are required to have your app translated:
1. Generate... |
Returns the closest match for the given locale code. | def get_closest(cls, *locale_codes: str) -> "Locale":
"""Returns the closest match for the given locale code."""
for code in locale_codes:
if not code:
continue
code = code.replace("-", "_")
parts = code.split("_")
if len(parts) > 2:
... |
Returns the Locale for the given locale code.
If it is not supported, we raise an exception. | def get(cls, code: str) -> "Locale":
"""Returns the Locale for the given locale code.
If it is not supported, we raise an exception.
"""
if code not in cls._cache:
assert code in _supported_locales
translations = _translations.get(code, None)
if trans... |
Returns the translation for the given message for this locale.
If ``plural_message`` is given, you must also provide
``count``. We return ``plural_message`` when ``count != 1``,
and we return the singular form for the given message when
``count == 1``. | def translate(
self, message: str, plural_message: str = None, count: int = None
) -> str:
"""Returns the translation for the given message for this locale.
If ``plural_message`` is given, you must also provide
``count``. We return ``plural_message`` when ``count != 1``,
and... |
Formats the given date (which should be GMT).
By default, we return a relative time (e.g., "2 minutes ago"). You
can return an absolute date string with ``relative=False``.
You can force a full format date ("July 10, 1980") with
``full_format=True``.
This method is primarily i... | def format_date(
self,
date: Union[int, float, datetime.datetime],
gmt_offset: int = 0,
relative: bool = True,
shorter: bool = False,
full_format: bool = False,
) -> str:
"""Formats the given date (which should be GMT).
By default, we return a relativ... |
Formats the given date as a day of week.
Example: "Monday, January 22". You can remove the day of week with
``dow=False``. | def format_day(
self, date: datetime.datetime, gmt_offset: int = 0, dow: bool = True
) -> bool:
"""Formats the given date as a day of week.
Example: "Monday, January 22". You can remove the day of week with
``dow=False``.
"""
local_date = date - datetime.timedelta(mi... |
Returns a comma-separated list for the given list of parts.
The format is, e.g., "A, B and C", "A and B" or just "A" for lists
of size 1. | def list(self, parts: Any) -> str:
"""Returns a comma-separated list for the given list of parts.
The format is, e.g., "A, B and C", "A and B" or just "A" for lists
of size 1.
"""
_ = self.translate
if len(parts) == 0:
return ""
if len(parts) == 1:
... |
Returns a comma-separated number for the given integer. | def friendly_number(self, value: int) -> str:
"""Returns a comma-separated number for the given integer."""
if self.code not in ("en", "en_US"):
return str(value)
s = str(value)
parts = []
while s:
parts.append(s[-3:])
s = s[:-3]
return... |
None-safe wrapper around url_unescape to handle unmatched optional
groups correctly.
Note that args are passed as bytes so the handler can decide what
encoding to use. | def _unquote_or_none(s: Optional[str]) -> Optional[bytes]: # noqa: F811
"""None-safe wrapper around url_unescape to handle unmatched optional
groups correctly.
Note that args are passed as bytes so the handler can decide what
encoding to use.
"""
if s is None:
return s
return url_u... |
Allows to set context for translation, accepts plural forms.
Usage example::
pgettext("law", "right")
pgettext("good", "right")
Plural message example::
pgettext("organization", "club", "clubs", len(clubs))
pgettext("stick", "club", "clubs", len(clubs)... | def pgettext(
self, context: str, message: str, plural_message: str = None, count: int = None
) -> str:
"""Allows to set context for translation, accepts plural forms.
Usage example::
pgettext("law", "right")
pgettext("good", "right")
Plural message example... |
Must be implemented to return an appropriate instance of `~.httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate`
that can serve the request.
Routing implementations may pass additional kwargs to extend the routing logic.
:arg httputil.HTTPServerRequest request: current HTTP request.
:arg kwargs: additional ke... | def find_handler(
self, request: httputil.HTTPServerRequest, **kwargs: Any
) -> Optional[httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate]:
"""Must be implemented to return an appropriate instance of `~.httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate`
that can serve the request.
Routing implementations may pass additional... |
Appends new rules to the router.
:arg rules: a list of Rule instances (or tuples of arguments, which are
passed to Rule constructor). | def add_rules(self, rules: _RuleList) -> None:
"""Appends new rules to the router.
:arg rules: a list of Rule instances (or tuples of arguments, which are
passed to Rule constructor).
"""
for rule in rules:
if isinstance(rule, (tuple, list)):
asse... |
Returns an instance of `~.httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate` for a
Rule's target. This method is called by `~.find_handler` and can be
extended to provide additional target types.
:arg target: a Rule's target.
:arg httputil.HTTPServerRequest request: current request.
:arg target_para... | def get_target_delegate(
self, target: Any, request: httputil.HTTPServerRequest, **target_params: Any
) -> Optional[httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate]:
"""Returns an instance of `~.httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate` for a
Rule's target. This method is called by `~.find_handler` and can be
exte... |
Matches current instance against the request.
:arg httputil.HTTPServerRequest request: current HTTP request
:returns: a dict of parameters to be passed to the target handler
(for example, ``handler_kwargs``, ``path_args``, ``path_kwargs``
can be passed for proper `~.web.RequestH... | def match(self, request: httputil.HTTPServerRequest) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""Matches current instance against the request.
:arg httputil.HTTPServerRequest request: current HTTP request
:returns: a dict of parameters to be passed to the target handler
(for example, ``handler_... |
Returns a tuple (reverse string, group count) for a url.
For example: Given the url pattern /([0-9]{4})/([a-z-]+)/, this method
would return ('/%s/%s/', 2). | def _find_groups(self) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
"""Returns a tuple (reverse string, group count) for a url.
For example: Given the url pattern /([0-9]{4})/([a-z-]+)/, this method
would return ('/%s/%s/', 2).
"""
pattern = self.regex.pattern
if pattern.star... |
Download the page at `url` and parse it for links.
Returned links have had the fragment after `#` removed, and have been made
absolute so, e.g. the URL 'gen.html#tornado.gen.coroutine' becomes
'http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/gen.html'. | async def get_links_from_url(url):
"""Download the page at `url` and parse it for links.
Returned links have had the fragment after `#` removed, and have been made
absolute so, e.g. the URL 'gen.html#tornado.gen.coroutine' becomes
'http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/gen.html'.
"""
response = a... |
Returns a list of messages newer than the given cursor.
``cursor`` should be the ``id`` of the last message received. | def get_messages_since(self, cursor):
"""Returns a list of messages newer than the given cursor.
``cursor`` should be the ``id`` of the last message received.
"""
results = []
for msg in reversed(self.cache):
if msg["id"] == cursor:
break
... |
Imports an object by name.
``import_object('x')`` is equivalent to ``import x``.
``import_object('x.y.z')`` is equivalent to ``from x.y import z``.
>>> import tornado.escape
>>> import_object('tornado.escape') is tornado.escape
True
>>> import_object('tornado.escape.utf8') is tornado.escape.ut... | def import_object(name: str) -> Any:
"""Imports an object by name.
``import_object('x')`` is equivalent to ``import x``.
``import_object('x.y.z')`` is equivalent to ``from x.y import z``.
>>> import tornado.escape
>>> import_object('tornado.escape') is tornado.escape
True
>>> import_object... |
Provides the errno from an Exception object.
There are cases that the errno attribute was not set so we pull
the errno out of the args but if someone instantiates an Exception
without any args you will get a tuple error. So this function
abstracts all that behavior to give you a safe way to get the
... | def errno_from_exception(e: BaseException) -> Optional[int]:
"""Provides the errno from an Exception object.
There are cases that the errno attribute was not set so we pull
the errno out of the args but if someone instantiates an Exception
without any args you will get a tuple error. So this function
... |
Websocket masking function.
`mask` is a `bytes` object of length 4; `data` is a `bytes` object of any length.
Returns a `bytes` object of the same length as `data` with the mask applied
as specified in section 5.3 of RFC 6455.
This pure-python implementation may be replaced by an optimized version whe... | def _websocket_mask_python(mask: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:
"""Websocket masking function.
`mask` is a `bytes` object of length 4; `data` is a `bytes` object of any length.
Returns a `bytes` object of the same length as `data` with the mask applied
as specified in section 5.3 of RFC 6455.
This ... |
Decompress a chunk, returning newly-available data.
Some data may be buffered for later processing; `flush` must
be called when there is no more input data to ensure that
all data was processed.
If ``max_length`` is given, some input data may be left over
in ``unconsumed_tail``... | def decompress(self, value: bytes, max_length: int = 0) -> bytes:
"""Decompress a chunk, returning newly-available data.
Some data may be buffered for later processing; `flush` must
be called when there is no more input data to ensure that
all data was processed.
If ``max_lengt... |
Sets the class to use when the base class is instantiated.
Keyword arguments will be saved and added to the arguments passed
to the constructor. This can be used to set global defaults for
some parameters. | def configure(cls, impl, **kwargs):
# type: (Union[None, str, Type[Configurable]], Any) -> None
"""Sets the class to use when the base class is instantiated.
Keyword arguments will be saved and added to the arguments passed
to the constructor. This can be used to set global defaults fo... |
Returns the old value of the named argument without replacing it.
Returns ``default`` if the argument is not present. | def get_old_value(
self, args: Sequence[Any], kwargs: Dict[str, Any], default: Any = None
) -> Any:
"""Returns the old value of the named argument without replacing it.
Returns ``default`` if the argument is not present.
"""
if self.arg_pos is not None and len(args) > self.a... |
Replace the named argument in ``args, kwargs`` with ``new_value``.
Returns ``(old_value, args, kwargs)``. The returned ``args`` and
``kwargs`` objects may not be the same as the input objects, or
the input objects may be mutated.
If the named argument was not found, ``new_value`` will... | def replace(
self, new_value: Any, args: Sequence[Any], kwargs: Dict[str, Any]
) -> Tuple[Any, Sequence[Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
"""Replace the named argument in ``args, kwargs`` with ``new_value``.
Returns ``(old_value, args, kwargs)``. The returned ``args`` and
``kwargs`` objects m... |
Converts a `tornado.httputil.HTTPServerRequest` to a WSGI environment. | def environ(request: httputil.HTTPServerRequest) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
"""Converts a `tornado.httputil.HTTPServerRequest` to a WSGI environment.
"""
hostport = request.host.split(":")
if len(hostport) == 2:
host = hostport[0]
port = int(hostport[1])
else:
... |
Apply to `RequestHandler` subclasses to enable streaming body support.
This decorator implies the following changes:
* `.HTTPServerRequest.body` is undefined, and body arguments will not
be included in `RequestHandler.get_argument`.
* `RequestHandler.prepare` is called when the request headers have ... | def stream_request_body(cls: Type[RequestHandler]) -> Type[RequestHandler]:
"""Apply to `RequestHandler` subclasses to enable streaming body support.
This decorator implies the following changes:
* `.HTTPServerRequest.body` is undefined, and body arguments will not
be included in `RequestHandler.get... |
Use this decorator to remove trailing slashes from the request path.
For example, a request to ``/foo/`` would redirect to ``/foo`` with this
decorator. Your request handler mapping should use a regular expression
like ``r'/foo/*'`` in conjunction with using the decorator. | def removeslash(
method: Callable[..., Optional[Awaitable[None]]]
) -> Callable[..., Optional[Awaitable[None]]]:
"""Use this decorator to remove trailing slashes from the request path.
For example, a request to ``/foo/`` would redirect to ``/foo`` with this
decorator. Your request handler mapping shoul... |
Decorate methods with this to require that the user be logged in.
If the user is not logged in, they will be redirected to the configured
`login url <RequestHandler.get_login_url>`.
If you configure a login url with a query parameter, Tornado will
assume you know what you're doing and use it as-is. I... | def authenticated(
method: Callable[..., Optional[Awaitable[None]]]
) -> Callable[..., Optional[Awaitable[None]]]:
"""Decorate methods with this to require that the user be logged in.
If the user is not logged in, they will be redirected to the configured
`login url <RequestHandler.get_login_url>`.
... |
Called in async handlers if the client closed the connection.
Override this to clean up resources associated with
long-lived connections. Note that this method is called only if
the connection was closed during asynchronous processing; if you
need to do cleanup after every request over... | def on_connection_close(self) -> None:
"""Called in async handlers if the client closed the connection.
Override this to clean up resources associated with
long-lived connections. Note that this method is called only if
the connection was closed during asynchronous processing; if you
... |
Resets all headers and content for this response. | def clear(self) -> None:
"""Resets all headers and content for this response."""
self._headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders(
{
"Server": "TornadoServer/%s" % tornado.version,
"Content-Type": "text/html; charset=UTF-8",
"Date": httputil.format_timesta... |
Sets the status code for our response.
:arg int status_code: Response status code.
:arg str reason: Human-readable reason phrase describing the status
code. If ``None``, it will be filled in from
`http.client.responses` or "Unknown".
.. versionchanged:: 5.0
... | def set_status(self, status_code: int, reason: str = None) -> None:
"""Sets the status code for our response.
:arg int status_code: Response status code.
:arg str reason: Human-readable reason phrase describing the status
code. If ``None``, it will be filled in from
`htt... |
Sets the given response header name and value.
All header values are converted to strings (`datetime` objects
are formatted according to the HTTP specification for the
``Date`` header). | def set_header(self, name: str, value: _HeaderTypes) -> None:
"""Sets the given response header name and value.
All header values are converted to strings (`datetime` objects
are formatted according to the HTTP specification for the
``Date`` header).
"""
self._headers[n... |
Adds the given response header and value.
Unlike `set_header`, `add_header` may be called multiple times
to return multiple values for the same header. | def add_header(self, name: str, value: _HeaderTypes) -> None:
"""Adds the given response header and value.
Unlike `set_header`, `add_header` may be called multiple times
to return multiple values for the same header.
"""
self._headers.add(name, self._convert_header_value(value)) |
Clears an outgoing header, undoing a previous `set_header` call.
Note that this method does not apply to multi-valued headers
set by `add_header`. | def clear_header(self, name: str) -> None:
"""Clears an outgoing header, undoing a previous `set_header` call.
Note that this method does not apply to multi-valued headers
set by `add_header`.
"""
if name in self._headers:
del self._headers[name] |
Returns the value of the argument with the given name.
If default is not provided, the argument is considered to be
required, and we raise a `MissingArgumentError` if it is missing.
If the argument appears in the request more than once, we return the
last value.
This method se... | def get_argument( # noqa: F811
self,
name: str,
default: Union[None, str, _ArgDefaultMarker] = _ARG_DEFAULT,
strip: bool = True,
) -> Optional[str]:
"""Returns the value of the argument with the given name.
If default is not provided, the argument is considered to b... |
Returns a list of the arguments with the given name.
If the argument is not present, returns an empty list.
This method searches both the query and body arguments. | def get_arguments(self, name: str, strip: bool = True) -> List[str]:
"""Returns a list of the arguments with the given name.
If the argument is not present, returns an empty list.
This method searches both the query and body arguments.
"""
# Make sure `get_arguments` isn't acc... |
Returns the value of the argument with the given name
from the request body.
If default is not provided, the argument is considered to be
required, and we raise a `MissingArgumentError` if it is missing.
If the argument appears in the url more than once, we return the
last valu... | def get_body_argument(
self,
name: str,
default: Union[None, str, _ArgDefaultMarker] = _ARG_DEFAULT,
strip: bool = True,
) -> Optional[str]:
"""Returns the value of the argument with the given name
from the request body.
If default is not provided, the argume... |
Returns a list of the body arguments with the given name.
If the argument is not present, returns an empty list.
.. versionadded:: 3.2 | def get_body_arguments(self, name: str, strip: bool = True) -> List[str]:
"""Returns a list of the body arguments with the given name.
If the argument is not present, returns an empty list.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
"""
return self._get_arguments(name, self.request.body_arguments, ... |
Returns the value of the argument with the given name
from the request query string.
If default is not provided, the argument is considered to be
required, and we raise a `MissingArgumentError` if it is missing.
If the argument appears in the url more than once, we return the
l... | def get_query_argument(
self,
name: str,
default: Union[None, str, _ArgDefaultMarker] = _ARG_DEFAULT,
strip: bool = True,
) -> Optional[str]:
"""Returns the value of the argument with the given name
from the request query string.
If default is not provided, t... |
Returns a list of the query arguments with the given name.
If the argument is not present, returns an empty list.
.. versionadded:: 3.2 | def get_query_arguments(self, name: str, strip: bool = True) -> List[str]:
"""Returns a list of the query arguments with the given name.
If the argument is not present, returns an empty list.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
"""
return self._get_arguments(name, self.request.query_argument... |
Decodes an argument from the request.
The argument has been percent-decoded and is now a byte string.
By default, this method decodes the argument as utf-8 and returns
a unicode string, but this may be overridden in subclasses.
This method is used as a filter for both `get_argument()` ... | def decode_argument(self, value: bytes, name: str = None) -> str:
"""Decodes an argument from the request.
The argument has been percent-decoded and is now a byte string.
By default, this method decodes the argument as utf-8 and returns
a unicode string, but this may be overridden in su... |
An alias for
`self.request.cookies <.httputil.HTTPServerRequest.cookies>`. | def cookies(self) -> Dict[str, http.cookies.Morsel]:
"""An alias for
`self.request.cookies <.httputil.HTTPServerRequest.cookies>`."""
return self.request.cookies |
Returns the value of the request cookie with the given name.
If the named cookie is not present, returns ``default``.
This method only returns cookies that were present in the request.
It does not see the outgoing cookies set by `set_cookie` in this
handler. | def get_cookie(self, name: str, default: str = None) -> Optional[str]:
"""Returns the value of the request cookie with the given name.
If the named cookie is not present, returns ``default``.
This method only returns cookies that were present in the request.
It does not see the outgoin... |
Sets an outgoing cookie name/value with the given options.
Newly-set cookies are not immediately visible via `get_cookie`;
they are not present until the next request.
expires may be a numeric timestamp as returned by `time.time`,
a time tuple as returned by `time.gmtime`, or a
... | def set_cookie(
self,
name: str,
value: Union[str, bytes],
domain: str = None,
expires: Union[float, Tuple, datetime.datetime] = None,
path: str = "/",
expires_days: int = None,
**kwargs: Any
) -> None:
"""Sets an outgoing cookie name/value wit... |
Deletes the cookie with the given name.
Due to limitations of the cookie protocol, you must pass the same
path and domain to clear a cookie as were used when that cookie
was set (but there is no way to find out on the server side
which values were used for a given cookie).
Simi... | def clear_cookie(self, name: str, path: str = "/", domain: str = None) -> None:
"""Deletes the cookie with the given name.
Due to limitations of the cookie protocol, you must pass the same
path and domain to clear a cookie as were used when that cookie
was set (but there is no way to fi... |
Deletes all the cookies the user sent with this request.
See `clear_cookie` for more information on the path and domain
parameters.
Similar to `set_cookie`, the effect of this method will not be
seen until the following request.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
Added the ``... | def clear_all_cookies(self, path: str = "/", domain: str = None) -> None:
"""Deletes all the cookies the user sent with this request.
See `clear_cookie` for more information on the path and domain
parameters.
Similar to `set_cookie`, the effect of this method will not be
seen u... |
Signs and timestamps a cookie so it cannot be forged.
You must specify the ``cookie_secret`` setting in your Application
to use this method. It should be a long, random sequence of bytes
to be used as the HMAC secret for the signature.
To read a cookie set with this method, use `get_se... | def set_secure_cookie(
self,
name: str,
value: Union[str, bytes],
expires_days: int = 30,
version: int = None,
**kwargs: Any
) -> None:
"""Signs and timestamps a cookie so it cannot be forged.
You must specify the ``cookie_secret`` setting in your App... |
Signs and timestamps a string so it cannot be forged.
Normally used via set_secure_cookie, but provided as a separate
method for non-cookie uses. To decode a value not stored
as a cookie use the optional value argument to get_secure_cookie.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2.1
Added ... | def create_signed_value(
self, name: str, value: Union[str, bytes], version: int = None
) -> bytes:
"""Signs and timestamps a string so it cannot be forged.
Normally used via set_secure_cookie, but provided as a separate
method for non-cookie uses. To decode a value not stored
... |
Returns the given signed cookie if it validates, or None.
The decoded cookie value is returned as a byte string (unlike
`get_cookie`).
Similar to `get_cookie`, this method only returns cookies that
were present in the request. It does not see outgoing cookies set by
`set_secure... | def get_secure_cookie(
self,
name: str,
value: str = None,
max_age_days: int = 31,
min_version: int = None,
) -> Optional[bytes]:
"""Returns the given signed cookie if it validates, or None.
The decoded cookie value is returned as a byte string (unlike
... |
Returns the signing key version of the secure cookie.
The version is returned as int. | def get_secure_cookie_key_version(
self, name: str, value: str = None
) -> Optional[int]:
"""Returns the signing key version of the secure cookie.
The version is returned as int.
"""
self.require_setting("cookie_secret", "secure cookies")
if value is None:
... |
Sends a redirect to the given (optionally relative) URL.
If the ``status`` argument is specified, that value is used as the
HTTP status code; otherwise either 301 (permanent) or 302
(temporary) is chosen based on the ``permanent`` argument.
The default is 302 (temporary). | def redirect(self, url: str, permanent: bool = False, status: int = None) -> None:
"""Sends a redirect to the given (optionally relative) URL.
If the ``status`` argument is specified, that value is used as the
HTTP status code; otherwise either 301 (permanent) or 302
(temporary) is chos... |
Writes the given chunk to the output buffer.
To write the output to the network, use the `flush()` method below.
If the given chunk is a dictionary, we write it as JSON and set
the Content-Type of the response to be ``application/json``.
(if you want to send JSON as a different ``Conte... | def write(self, chunk: Union[str, bytes, dict]) -> None:
"""Writes the given chunk to the output buffer.
To write the output to the network, use the `flush()` method below.
If the given chunk is a dictionary, we write it as JSON and set
the Content-Type of the response to be ``applicat... |
Renders the template with the given arguments as the response.
``render()`` calls ``finish()``, so no other output methods can be called
after it.
Returns a `.Future` with the same semantics as the one returned by `finish`.
Awaiting this `.Future` is optional.
.. versionchange... | def render(self, template_name: str, **kwargs: Any) -> "Future[None]":
"""Renders the template with the given arguments as the response.
``render()`` calls ``finish()``, so no other output methods can be called
after it.
Returns a `.Future` with the same semantics as the one returned b... |
Default method used to render the final js links for the
rendered webpage.
Override this method in a sub-classed controller to change the output. | def render_linked_js(self, js_files: Iterable[str]) -> str:
"""Default method used to render the final js links for the
rendered webpage.
Override this method in a sub-classed controller to change the output.
"""
paths = []
unique_paths = set() # type: Set[str]
... |
Default method used to render the final embedded js for the
rendered webpage.
Override this method in a sub-classed controller to change the output. | def render_embed_js(self, js_embed: Iterable[bytes]) -> bytes:
"""Default method used to render the final embedded js for the
rendered webpage.
Override this method in a sub-classed controller to change the output.
"""
return (
b'<script type="text/javascript">\n//<!... |
Default method used to render the final css links for the
rendered webpage.
Override this method in a sub-classed controller to change the output. | def render_linked_css(self, css_files: Iterable[str]) -> str:
"""Default method used to render the final css links for the
rendered webpage.
Override this method in a sub-classed controller to change the output.
"""
paths = []
unique_paths = set() # type: Set[str]
... |
Default method used to render the final embedded css for the
rendered webpage.
Override this method in a sub-classed controller to change the output. | def render_embed_css(self, css_embed: Iterable[bytes]) -> bytes:
"""Default method used to render the final embedded css for the
rendered webpage.
Override this method in a sub-classed controller to change the output.
"""
return b'<style type="text/css">\n' + b"\n".join(css_embe... |
Generate the given template with the given arguments.
We return the generated byte string (in utf8). To generate and
write a template as a response, use render() above. | def render_string(self, template_name: str, **kwargs: Any) -> bytes:
"""Generate the given template with the given arguments.
We return the generated byte string (in utf8). To generate and
write a template as a response, use render() above.
"""
# If no template_path is specified... |
Returns a dictionary to be used as the default template namespace.
May be overridden by subclasses to add or modify values.
The results of this method will be combined with additional
defaults in the `tornado.template` module and keyword arguments
to `render` or `render_string`. | def get_template_namespace(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Returns a dictionary to be used as the default template namespace.
May be overridden by subclasses to add or modify values.
The results of this method will be combined with additional
defaults in the `tornado.template` module and k... |
Returns a new template loader for the given path.
May be overridden by subclasses. By default returns a
directory-based loader on the given path, using the
``autoescape`` and ``template_whitespace`` application
settings. If a ``template_loader`` application setting is
supplied... | def create_template_loader(self, template_path: str) -> template.BaseLoader:
"""Returns a new template loader for the given path.
May be overridden by subclasses. By default returns a
directory-based loader on the given path, using the
``autoescape`` and ``template_whitespace`` applica... |
Flushes the current output buffer to the network.
The ``callback`` argument, if given, can be used for flow control:
it will be run when all flushed data has been written to the socket.
Note that only one flush callback can be outstanding at a time;
if another flush occurs before the pr... | def flush(self, include_footers: bool = False) -> "Future[None]":
"""Flushes the current output buffer to the network.
The ``callback`` argument, if given, can be used for flow control:
it will be run when all flushed data has been written to the socket.
Note that only one flush callbac... |
Finishes this response, ending the HTTP request.
Passing a ``chunk`` to ``finish()`` is equivalent to passing that
chunk to ``write()`` and then calling ``finish()`` with no arguments.
Returns a `.Future` which may optionally be awaited to track the sending
of the response to the clien... | def finish(self, chunk: Union[str, bytes, dict] = None) -> "Future[None]":
"""Finishes this response, ending the HTTP request.
Passing a ``chunk`` to ``finish()`` is equivalent to passing that
chunk to ``write()`` and then calling ``finish()`` with no arguments.
Returns a `.Future` whi... |
Take control of the underlying stream.
Returns the underlying `.IOStream` object and stops all
further HTTP processing. Intended for implementing protocols
like websockets that tunnel over an HTTP handshake.
This method is only supported when HTTP/1.1 is used.
.. versionadded:... | def detach(self) -> iostream.IOStream:
"""Take control of the underlying stream.
Returns the underlying `.IOStream` object and stops all
further HTTP processing. Intended for implementing protocols
like websockets that tunnel over an HTTP handshake.
This method is only supporte... |
Sends the given HTTP error code to the browser.
If `flush()` has already been called, it is not possible to send
an error, so this method will simply terminate the response.
If output has been written but not yet flushed, it will be discarded
and replaced with the error page.
O... | def send_error(self, status_code: int = 500, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
"""Sends the given HTTP error code to the browser.
If `flush()` has already been called, it is not possible to send
an error, so this method will simply terminate the response.
If output has been written but not yet fl... |
Override to implement custom error pages.
``write_error`` may call `write`, `render`, `set_header`, etc
to produce output as usual.
If this error was caused by an uncaught exception (including
HTTPError), an ``exc_info`` triple will be available as
``kwargs["exc_info"]``. Note... | def write_error(self, status_code: int, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
"""Override to implement custom error pages.
``write_error`` may call `write`, `render`, `set_header`, etc
to produce output as usual.
If this error was caused by an uncaught exception (including
HTTPError), an ``e... |
The locale for the current session.
Determined by either `get_user_locale`, which you can override to
set the locale based on, e.g., a user preference stored in a
database, or `get_browser_locale`, which uses the ``Accept-Language``
header.
.. versionchanged: 4.1
Add... | def locale(self) -> tornado.locale.Locale:
"""The locale for the current session.
Determined by either `get_user_locale`, which you can override to
set the locale based on, e.g., a user preference stored in a
database, or `get_browser_locale`, which uses the ``Accept-Language``
... |
Determines the user's locale from ``Accept-Language`` header.
See http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.4 | def get_browser_locale(self, default: str = "en_US") -> tornado.locale.Locale:
"""Determines the user's locale from ``Accept-Language`` header.
See http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.4
"""
if "Accept-Language" in self.request.headers:
languages = se... |
The authenticated user for this request.
This is set in one of two ways:
* A subclass may override `get_current_user()`, which will be called
automatically the first time ``self.current_user`` is accessed.
`get_current_user()` will only be called once per request,
and is ... | def current_user(self) -> Any:
"""The authenticated user for this request.
This is set in one of two ways:
* A subclass may override `get_current_user()`, which will be called
automatically the first time ``self.current_user`` is accessed.
`get_current_user()` will only be ... |
The XSRF-prevention token for the current user/session.
To prevent cross-site request forgery, we set an '_xsrf' cookie
and include the same '_xsrf' value as an argument with all POST
requests. If the two do not match, we reject the form submission
as a potential forgery.
See h... | def xsrf_token(self) -> bytes:
"""The XSRF-prevention token for the current user/session.
To prevent cross-site request forgery, we set an '_xsrf' cookie
and include the same '_xsrf' value as an argument with all POST
requests. If the two do not match, we reject the form submission
... |
Read or generate the xsrf token in its raw form.
The raw_xsrf_token is a tuple containing:
* version: the version of the cookie from which this token was read,
or None if we generated a new token in this request.
* token: the raw token data; random (non-ascii) bytes.
* timest... | def _get_raw_xsrf_token(self) -> Tuple[Optional[int], bytes, float]:
"""Read or generate the xsrf token in its raw form.
The raw_xsrf_token is a tuple containing:
* version: the version of the cookie from which this token was read,
or None if we generated a new token in this request.... |
Convert a cookie string into a the tuple form returned by
_get_raw_xsrf_token. | def _decode_xsrf_token(
self, cookie: str
) -> Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[bytes], Optional[float]]:
"""Convert a cookie string into a the tuple form returned by
_get_raw_xsrf_token.
"""
try:
m = _signed_value_version_re.match(utf8(cookie))
if m:
... |
Verifies that the ``_xsrf`` cookie matches the ``_xsrf`` argument.
To prevent cross-site request forgery, we set an ``_xsrf``
cookie and include the same value as a non-cookie
field with all ``POST`` requests. If the two do not match, we
reject the form submission as a potential forgery... | def check_xsrf_cookie(self) -> None:
"""Verifies that the ``_xsrf`` cookie matches the ``_xsrf`` argument.
To prevent cross-site request forgery, we set an ``_xsrf``
cookie and include the same value as a non-cookie
field with all ``POST`` requests. If the two do not match, we
r... |
Raises an exception if the given app setting is not defined. | def require_setting(self, name: str, feature: str = "this feature") -> None:
"""Raises an exception if the given app setting is not defined."""
if not self.application.settings.get(name):
raise Exception(
"You must define the '%s' setting in your "
"applicatio... |
Returns a static URL for the given relative static file path.
This method requires you set the ``static_path`` setting in your
application (which specifies the root directory of your static
files).
This method returns a versioned url (by default appending
``?v=<signature>``), w... | def static_url(self, path: str, include_host: bool = None, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
"""Returns a static URL for the given relative static file path.
This method requires you set the ``static_path`` setting in your
application (which specifies the root directory of your static
files).
... |
Alias for `Application.reverse_url`. | def reverse_url(self, name: str, *args: Any) -> str:
"""Alias for `Application.reverse_url`."""
return self.application.reverse_url(name, *args) |
Computes the etag header to be used for this request.
By default uses a hash of the content written so far.
May be overridden to provide custom etag implementations,
or may return None to disable tornado's default etag support. | def compute_etag(self) -> Optional[str]:
"""Computes the etag header to be used for this request.
By default uses a hash of the content written so far.
May be overridden to provide custom etag implementations,
or may return None to disable tornado's default etag support.
"""
... |
Checks the ``Etag`` header against requests's ``If-None-Match``.
Returns ``True`` if the request's Etag matches and a 304 should be
returned. For example::
self.set_etag_header()
if self.check_etag_header():
self.set_status(304)
return
T... | def check_etag_header(self) -> bool:
"""Checks the ``Etag`` header against requests's ``If-None-Match``.
Returns ``True`` if the request's Etag matches and a 304 should be
returned. For example::
self.set_etag_header()
if self.check_etag_header():
self.s... |
Executes this request with the given output transforms. | async def _execute(
self, transforms: List["OutputTransform"], *args: bytes, **kwargs: bytes
) -> None:
"""Executes this request with the given output transforms."""
self._transforms = transforms
try:
if self.request.method not in self.SUPPORTED_METHODS:
r... |
Override to customize logging of uncaught exceptions.
By default logs instances of `HTTPError` as warnings without
stack traces (on the ``tornado.general`` logger), and all
other exceptions as errors with stack traces (on the
``tornado.application`` logger).
.. versionadded:: 3... | def log_exception(
self,
typ: "Optional[Type[BaseException]]",
value: Optional[BaseException],
tb: Optional[TracebackType],
) -> None:
"""Override to customize logging of uncaught exceptions.
By default logs instances of `HTTPError` as warnings without
stack ... |
Starts an HTTP server for this application on the given port.
This is a convenience alias for creating an `.HTTPServer`
object and calling its listen method. Keyword arguments not
supported by `HTTPServer.listen <.TCPServer.listen>` are passed to the
`.HTTPServer` constructor. For adv... | def listen(self, port: int, address: str = "", **kwargs: Any) -> HTTPServer:
"""Starts an HTTP server for this application on the given port.
This is a convenience alias for creating an `.HTTPServer`
object and calling its listen method. Keyword arguments not
supported by `HTTPServer.l... |
Appends the given handlers to our handler list.
Host patterns are processed sequentially in the order they were
added. All matching patterns will be considered. | def add_handlers(self, host_pattern: str, host_handlers: _RuleList) -> None:
"""Appends the given handlers to our handler list.
Host patterns are processed sequentially in the order they were
added. All matching patterns will be considered.
"""
host_matcher = HostMatches(host_pa... |
Returns `~.httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate` that can serve a request
for application and `RequestHandler` subclass.
:arg httputil.HTTPServerRequest request: current HTTP request.
:arg RequestHandler target_class: a `RequestHandler` class.
:arg dict target_kwargs: keyword arguments for ``ta... | def get_handler_delegate(
self,
request: httputil.HTTPServerRequest,
target_class: Type[RequestHandler],
target_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = None,
path_args: List[bytes] = None,
path_kwargs: Dict[str, bytes] = None,
) -> "_HandlerDelegate":
"""Returns `~.httputil.... |
Returns a URL path for handler named ``name``
The handler must be added to the application as a named `URLSpec`.
Args will be substituted for capturing groups in the `URLSpec` regex.
They will be converted to strings if necessary, encoded as utf8,
and url-escaped. | def reverse_url(self, name: str, *args: Any) -> str:
"""Returns a URL path for handler named ``name``
The handler must be added to the application as a named `URLSpec`.
Args will be substituted for capturing groups in the `URLSpec` regex.
They will be converted to strings if necessary,... |
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