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At the same time, the green transition and new technology require major investments in the manufacturing industry, which means that growth in investment is nevertheless not expected to be as weak as in previous economic downturns.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Next year, the Government will implement new unfinanced measures for SEK 40, of which 4 billion are tax cuts to households.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
dovish
All in all, fiscal policy is judged to be neutral during the forecast period.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Falling housing prices and housing investment
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_title
null
null
null
negative
Housing prices have on the whole risen somewhat so far this year, compared with the end of last year.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
During the second half of 2023, however, housing prices are expected to fall somewhat again.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
During the summer, the supply of housing has increased on the second-hand market, and this is expected to strengthen competition among sellers and push down prices in the autumn.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
In addition, interest expenses are expected to rise as the policy rate increases affect more and more households.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
All in all, housing prices are expected to fall by almost 15 per cent in relation to the peak in February 2022.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
The weak demand for newly built housing has caused the number of new builds to decline significantly.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
Housing construction has fallen rapidly and housing investment has declined constantly since the middle of 2022.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
Housing investments are expected to continue falling until the end of the first half of 2024 (see Figure 40).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
Increasingly clear signs that the labour market is also cooling
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_title
null
null
null
negative
The signs that the labour market is cooling down are becoming clearer, but the starting position is still strong and the employment rate is high (see Figure 36).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
There are several explanations why the labour market has so far been strong.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
One is that real wages have fallen in line with the increase in inflation, which means that the cost of labour has become lower in relation to the cost of capital.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
This may have helped strengthen the demand for labour.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
Another explanation could be that more companies are choosing to retain their workforces, despite expecting lower demand and production.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
This is because companies want to avoid the situation that arose after the pandemic when it was difficult to recruit staff with the right skills.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
However, indicators point to the strong demand for labour now slowing down.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Recruitment plans, which fell by a relatively large amount in July and were still low in August, point to employment in the business sector in general remaining unchanged in the coming period.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
The picture is different in different sectors, but in all of them except private service sectors, recruitment plans now point to worse development than normal (see Figure 41).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
During the third quarter, however, employment will continue to increase somewhat further.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
Towards the end of the year, the falling economic activity is expected to have an impact on the labour market and bring employment down, but all in all the labour market is nevertheless expected to withstand the fall in GDP relatively well (see Figure 42).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Swedish economy expected to recover towards the end of 2024
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_title
null
null
null
positive
During 2024, households’ real disposable incomes are expected to rise again.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
This will strengthen household consumption and also contribute to a gradual recovery in the housing market.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
Housing investment is also expected to cease falling during the second half of 2024.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
Demand abroad will also rise gradually in 2024, which will strengthen Swedish exports and boost companies’ propensity to invest.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
Overall, this will mean that GDP will start to grow faster than the long-term trend towards the end of 2024.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
As economic activity in Sweden increases, the demand for labour will also rise.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
Unemployment is expected to peak at the end of 2024, and then begin to fall when employment begins to increase again (see Figure 42).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
Real wages and real disposable income will fall this year but begin rising again next year
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_title
null
null
null
negative
Wage growth has risen during the first half of the year.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
It is expected to continue rising and peak at the beginning of next year, which is also in line with the profile of the central wage agreements.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
The wage agreements that in most cases will apply until the beginning of 2025, mean that wage growth this year and next year will be higher than last year.35 Well-anchored inflation expectations and credibility for the inflation target helped the parties conclude moderate agreements.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
But the high inflation and strong labour market are important reasons why the wage agreements were nevertheless signed at a higher level than the previous ones.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Despite nominal wages rising at a faster pace, real wages will also fall this year as a result of the high inflation (see Figure 43).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
Low real wages, rising interest rates and lower employment also mean that real household disposable income per capita will wage increase of 7.4 per cent, divided into 4.1 per cent the first year and 3.3 per cent the second year.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Agreements in other areas have been reached for similar levels.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Until now, inflation has accounted for the largest negative contribution to disposable household income, but this is expected to decline gradually.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
As many fixed interest rate contracts expire and new ones are signed at higher interest rates, households’ interest expenses as a percentage of their disposable income, known as the interestto-income ratio, will increase.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
At the beginning of 2025, the interest-to-income ratio is expected to amount to almost 7 per cent (see Figure 44).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
The corresponding interestto-income ratio for households has also increased this year as a result of households choosing savings over consumption and receiving more interest on their bank accounts than before.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
However, households’ loans are roughly twice as large as bank deposits, which means that interest expenditure in total is larger than interest income.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Compared to the years before the pandemic, household savings increased when restrictions meant that it was not possible to consume as before.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Some savings were used last year, which helped sustain consumption despite weak income growth, but the assessment is that the buffer created by the excess savings is still relatively intact (see Figure 56).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Accumulated savings are expected to develop at approximately the same pace as income this year.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
The relatively high savings, combined with the lack of up-to-date microdata on how households’ savings are distributed, make it difficult to assess how households will adapt their consumption to the rising interest rates.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Resource utilisation will fall over the coming year
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_title
null
null
null
negative
The Riksbank’s monetary policy is aimed at stabilising inflation around the inflation target and production and employment around sustainable long-term levels – that is to say, normal resource utilisation.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Resource utilisation is affected by developments in wages and prices.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
As resource utilisation cannot be measured exactly, the Riksbank assesses it based on several different data sources.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
The Riksbank’s resource utilisation indicator, which is a composite of different indicators, suggests that resource utilisation has fallen and is now close to normal levels.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
Even measured using the GDP gap, resource utilisation is now close to normal, while the employment gap still indicates that resource utilisation is higher than normal (see Figure 45).
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
The Riksbank’s overall assessment is that resource utilisation has fallen and is close to normal at present.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
As economic activity slows further, resource utilisation is expected to fall and to be lower than normal for some time to come.
21/09/2023
Sep-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
Inflation is falling but is still far too high.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
negative
This affects households with small margins in particular, but has a negative impact on the whole economy.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
negative
To ensure that inflation continues downwards and stabilises around the target within a reasonable period of time, monetary policy needs to be tightened further.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
hawkish
The Executive Board has therefore decided to raise the policy rate by 0.25 percentage points to 3.75 per cent.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
hawkish
The Executive Board has also decided to increase the pace of the sales of government bonds from SEK 3.5 to 5 billion per month.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
hawkish
In Sweden, CPIF inflation continued to fall in April and May, to a level somewhat below the Riksbank’s most recent forecast.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
negative
One important explanation for this development is the surprisingly large falls in energy and food prices.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
negative
However, stripped of energy prices, inflation is declining more slowly and is marginally higher than expected.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
negative
This is mainly because service prices are increasing faster than expected, which could reflect continued high demand pressures in parts of the Swedish economy.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
negative
The weak krona also contributes to keeping inflation up, and there is a risk that the pass-through of the Krona to price increases is greater in the current high-inflation situation.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
neutral
Demand in the Swedish economy needs to dampen to enable inflation to fall back towards the target within a reasonable period of time.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
negative
The policy rate is now at a level that is contractionary, which contributes to the expectation that GDP will fall somewhat going forward, at the same time as the labour market cools.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
negative
CPIF inflation is expected to fall and to be close to the target in 2024.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
positive
The forecast is that the policy rate will be raised at least one more time this year and after that will remain at a contractionary level for a relatively long period of time.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
hawkish
However, there is still considerable uncertainty, and new information and how it is assessed to affect the economic outlook and inflation prospects will be decisive in determining the design of monetary policy.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sum
Intro
0
null
neutral
Inflation is falling but is still far too high
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_title
null
1
null
negative
Following the rapid upturn last year, global inflation has begun to fall back from high levels.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
positive
Many central banks are continuing to tighten monetary policy to bring inflation down to the target.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
hawkish
In Sweden, CPIF inflation continued to fall in April and May, to a level somewhat below the Riksbank’s most recent forecast.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
negative
One important explanation for this development is the surprisingly large falls in energy and food prices.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
negative
However, stripped of energy prices, inflation is declining more slowly and is marginally higher than expected.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
negative
This is mainly because service prices are increasing faster than expected, which could reflect continued high demand pressures in parts of the Swedish economy.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
negative
The weak krona also contributes to keeping inflation up, and there is a risk that the pass-through of the Krona to price increases is greater in the current high-inflation situation.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
neutral
For inflation to return to the target of 2 per cent within a reasonable period of time, the Executive Board assesses that monetary policy needs to be tightened further.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
hawkish
The Executive Board has therefore decided to raise the Riksbank’s policy rate by 0.25 percentage points, to 3.75 per cent.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
hawkish
Moreover, the Executive Board has decided to increase the pace of the sales of government bonds from SEK 3.5 to 5 billion per month.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
hawkish
The forecast is that the policy rate will be raised at least one more time this year.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
hawkish
However, there is still considerable uncertainty, and new information and how it is assessed to affect the economic outlook and inflation prospects will be decisive in determining the design of monetary policy.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sec_sum
null
null
null
neutral
Inflation is falling but uncertain how quickly
29/06/2023
Jun-23
sub_sec_title
null
1.1
null
neutral
Growth in Sweden unexpectedly high at the beginning of the year, but interest rate sensitive sectors show clear signs of weakness
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_title
null
null
null
negative
GDP growth for the first quarter was somewhat higher than expected, at the same time as the outcomes for 2021 and 2022 were revised upwards.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
A closer examination of the National Accounts shows that developments differ considerably between different parts of the economy.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
For instance, exports and investment excluding housing are developing strongly.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
But household consumption is slowing down rapidly.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
While the demand for services such as hotel and restaurant visits has been sustained fairly well, demand for goods is falling considerably (see figure 2).
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
Housing prices and housing investment, which are affected substantially by rising interest rates, have fallen quickly, although some stabilisation of housing prices can be detected during the first half of the year.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative
As in many parts of the world, the labour market in Sweden has been stronger than expected.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
One possible explanation for this is that demand for staff-intensive services such as hotel and restaurant visits has been strong in the recovery from the pandemic.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
A further possible and partly related explanation is that companies are retaining their workforces to a greater degree over the business cycle.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
This is probably because the difficulties in recruiting staff after the pandemic are still fresh in their memories.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
neutral
The fact that real wages have fallen may also have helped strengthen the demand for labour
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
positive
Inflation is falling – but from historically high levels
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_title
null
null
null
positive
Last year, Swedish inflation rose to levels not seen since the early 1990s – prior to the introduction of the inflation target.
29/06/2023
Jun-23
par_body
null
null
null
negative