Split (3)

train · 155k rows

id stringlengths 36 36	question stringlengths 1 1.57k	opa stringlengths 1 287	opb stringlengths 1 287	opc stringlengths 1 286	opd stringlengths 1 301	cop class label 4 classes	choice_type stringclasses 2 values	exp stringlengths 1 22.5k	subject_name stringclasses 21 values	topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀
8d28ce14-92bb-4576-9223-1a6e709a8dc7	Tissue f r om rat used for detection of antinuclear antibodies	Kidney	Brain	Stomach	Liver	3d	single	Serum antinuclear antibodies bind to corresponding antigents present in the rat liver section.the antigen-antibody complexes are detected by means of fluorescent labeled anti human immunoglbulin .and visualised with the aid of a fluorescence microscopy ref Robbins 9/e immunity chapter p131 and internet	Anatomy	General anatomy
933df2f9-ed46-467e-9844-911b590fbddb	A woman delivers a 91b infant with a midline episiotomy and suffers a third degree tear. Inspection shows which of the following structures is intact :	Anal sphincter	Perineal body	Parineal muscles	Rectal mucosa	3d	single	Rectal mucosa	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
04e0a0a9-08b6-4c0e-b034-6fb11de975a4	Most common cause of CTEV DEFORMITY IS ?	Ahrogryposis multiplex congenita	Spina bifida	Idiopathic	Neural tube defect	2c	single	Aeitiology of CTEV can be - *idiopathic(majority)some of the theories proposed to the aetiology of idiopathic clubfoot : a)Mechanical theory - raised intrauterine pressure forces the foot against the wall of the uterus in position of the deformity b)ischaemic theory - ischemia of the calf muscles during intrauterine li...	Orthopaedics	Pediatric orthopedics
65bb604d-f85f-4302-b6f4-e180fedb0805	Which of the following cannot be done by a 3 year old child?	Draw a circle	Draw a rectangle	Telling a story	Riding tricycle	1b	single	A child can draw a rectangle by the age of 4 years. All other options can be performed by a 3 year old child. Ref: O P Ghai, 7th Edition, Pages 26-29, 6th Edition, Page 44; Nelson, 18th Edition, Page 44.	Pediatrics	null
a1e3fbde-5d2b-4147-961c-0cfdc5844860	During autopsy of suspected anaesthetic poisoning,lung excised from hilum is to be preserved in ?	PVC container	Metal container	Nylon bag	Poly ethylene bag	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Metal container In normal toxicological examination one lung is preserved in sealed nylon bag. In case of inhaled anesthetic, intact lung with bronchi ligated should be kept in gas sealed metal/ non plastic containers of appropriate size to avoid empty space and are sealed and refrigerated/ frozen. Al...	Forensic Medicine	null
b393abb9-be7c-4b50-916c-1dffd4a5023a	Most commonly lesion associated with pathological fracture in hand is -	Enchondroma	Metastases	Osteoid osteoma	Osteochondroma	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Enchondroma Pathological fractures in hand* In hand pathological fractures are most commonly associated with benign bone tumors.* About 23 % of the bone tumors in hand present with pathological fractures.* The average age of presentation is 37 years.* The most common bone affected is the proximal phal...	Orthopaedics	Bone Tumour
8aa0fca3-0f40-45fa-8ab4-01c77122c0ca	Phassy jaw is caused by	Yellow phosphorus	White phosphorus	Cadmium	Lead	1b	single	Phossy Jaw is produced by chronic white phosphorus poisoning.	Forensic Medicine	null
653e1924-a0e6-4c37-8671-d25d8832c02e	Gastrojejernostomy surgery belongs to	Clean surgery	Contaminated surgery	Clean contaminated surgery	Dirty surgery	2c	single	Clean contaminated surgery : Wound is exposed to not only skin but also GI tract / Respiratory tract / Urinary tract organism in controlled enviroment. Hence Gastrojejunostomy surjery belongs to this category.	Surgery	null
d97fe4ec-e011-42d5-8221-79c1e39b3cc6	What is malignant hydatid disease -	Malignant changes into hydatid cyst	Infection with E. multilocularis	Hydatid disease in immunocompromised host	Caused by Echino.granulosus	1b	single	Echinococcus multilocularis Hydatid disease: Liver is the common organ affected (98% of cases). The disease may resemble a slowly growing carcinomaand may cause symptoms of intrahepatic poal hypeension. Hepatomegaly and hypeension. Cyst appears as solid, film mass with irregular outer layer and has an ability to migrat...	Microbiology	Parasitology Pa 2 (Helminthology)
4cb7b4a2-46c9-415f-b777-90a917f7a636	Dumping syndrome is associated with-	Reduction of part of stomach	Decreased gastric secretion	Hyperglycemia	Decreased absorption	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Reduction of part of stomach Dumping syndrome -o Symptom complex that occurs following ingestion of a meel wrhen part of stomach has been removed or the pyloric sphincter mechanism has been disrupted.o Dumping syndrome refers to a constellation of post-prandial symptoms occuring due to accelerated emp...	Surgery	Postgastrectomy Complications
19a6cc6f-bea5-42fd-b4f3-a83e7c200299	Treatment resistant hypokalemia is caused by:	Administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor	Clay ingestion	Barium toxicity	Hypomagnesemia	3d	single	All the given options are known to cause hypokalemia but with different mechanisms. And only hypomagnesemia is described to cause treatment resistant hypokalemia among the following. Must Know: Systemic hypomagnesemia can cause treatment resistant hypokalemia due to 1. Reduced cellular uptake of potassium 2. Exaggerate...	Medicine	null
cbb5952f-281c-4f17-846f-81f13b047857	Treatment of Zollinger Ellison syndrome -	Total gastrectomy with removal of tumour	Partial gastrectomy	Excision of tumour alone	H2, receptor antogonist	2c	single	• GISTs: MC mesenchymal tumor of the GI tract • MC primary site for GIST: Stomach (60–70%) > small bowel (20–25%) > colorectum and esophagus (5% each). • Most GISTs are positive for CD-117 (95%), BCL-2 (80%), CD-34 (70%) • Types: Spindle cell (70%) and Epitheloid (30%) Pathology: • Arise from the muscularis propria and...	Surgery	null
fab512d1-39cf-4def-8286-bd2676fe1169	Myositis ossificans is due to:	Ossification	New bone formation	Ossification of subperiosteal haematoma	All of the above	3d	multi	D i.e. All	Surgery	null
b7479c46-5457-45fb-90c5-e9b02a9d451a	The following symptoms are common in Anorexia nervosa EXCEPT	Weight loss	Mood changes	Dehydration	Menorrhagia	3d	multi	(D) Menorrhagia # ANOREXIA NERVOSA:> Eating disorder, commonly in females in adolescence.> Disturbed body image\> Refusal form light calorie food> Weight loss (>25% of body weight)> Amenorrhea (> 3 months)> Absence of other psychiatric disorder> Downy lanugo hair on trunk and limbs> Hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral...	Psychiatry	Miscellaneous
4743a404-4095-4c48-8ffe-2b567dd527a5	All of the following lead to increased dissociation of O2 from Hb except	HbF	Increased CO2	Increase H+	Increase Temperature	0a	multi	Fetal hemoglobin or fetal hemoglobin, (also hemoglobin F or HbF) is the main oxygen transpo protein in the human fetus during the last seven months of development in the uterus and in the newborn until roughly 6 months old.Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology; 24th edition; page no:641	Physiology	Respiratory system
8443b4e8-d2fa-4841-83fa-d6f438f786a5	If the same individual participates in both study and experimental group (patient serves as his or her own control), it is called:	Cross over study	Case control study	Cohort study	Experimental study	0a	multi	Ans. A. Cross over studyExplanationCross over type of study designs are the randomized controlled trials, in which each patient serves as his own control. A better understanding can be taken from the diagram.Here the patient is initially either enrolled into intervention group or control group, after a specified durati...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Epidemiology
3e753ad3-8e3c-4e41-9a36-bee2ac5f6bdc	Herd immunity provides protection to-	Immunized persons	Non immunized persons	Both	None	1b	multi	Herd immunity describes a type of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a poion of the population provides protection to unprotected individuals provides an immunological barrier to the spread of disease in human herd elements-(a) occurence of clinical and sub clinical infection in the herd ( b ) immunization of...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Epidemiology
82656d9e-881a-4ad2-a868-a0e6438ca1f1	A number of structural chromosome abnormalities are seen clinically. No loss of genetic material occurs in:	Deletion	Inseion	Substitution	Inversion	3d	multi	These occur when there are two breaks in the same chromosome, and the intervening genetic material is inveed before the breaks are repaired. Although no genetic material is lost or duplicated, the rearrangement may alter gene function. Ref: Cunningham F.G., Leveno K.J., Bloom S.L., Hauth J.C., Rouse D.J., Spong C.Y. (2...	Biochemistry	null
bdf0726a-b7be-4f74-a9d8-64e0353c68a9	Commonest tumour of lumbar region in children is ?	Dermoid cyst	Neuroblastoma	Wilm's tumour	Mesentric cyst	1b	single	Ans is 'b' ie Neuroblastoma "Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor of childhood outside the CNS. It is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm in infant. The median age at diagnosis is 2 yrs. 90% of cases are diagnosed before the age of 5 yrs. NB may develop at any site of sympathetic nervous system, most NB aris...	Surgery	null
d2daf97c-ad92-422f-984a-9372b101f30e	Which of the following is not STD	Hepatitis A virus	HPV	HIV	Hepatitis B virus	0a	single	Hepatitis A virus transmission is by the fecal-oral route. Infection is by ingestion. The virus multiplies in the intestinal epithelium and reaches liver by hematogenous spread. It is shed in the faeces during the late incubation period and prodromal phase of illness. All other options are sexually as well as parentera...	Microbiology	miscellaneous
7a9e4db6-6173-4fc2-8d5f-daf8061734a3	A 60 yr old chronic smoker presents with painless gross hematuria of 1 day duration. Which is the investigation of choice to know the cause of hematuria?	USG	X-ray KUB	Urine routine	Urine microscopy for malignant cytology cells	3d	single	A chronic smoker with painless gross hematuria should be suspected as having bladder cancer. The most common form of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Tobacco use, followed by occupational exposure to various carcinogenic materials such as automobile exhaust or industrial solvents are the most freque...	Surgery	null
41a09f11-261a-4205-aca3-8a4acb883153	Which of the following does not cause bradycardia	Propranolol	Hydralazine	Clonidine	Reserpine	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hydralazine o Hydralazine causes reflex tachycardia. o Propranolol, clonidine and reserpine are sympatholytic drugs cause bradycardia.	Pharmacology	null
c61ad5a7-549b-4f93-a797-1c33f8a1623c	Half life of Technetium 99 is:	2 hours	6 hours	12 hours	24 hours	1b	single	Ans. 6 hours	Radiology	null
96483df6-39b3-4ade-a3d5-a81bb869ad1f	Which disease is caused by anti-phospholipase 2 antibody:	MPGN	MGN	FSGN	MCD	1b	single	Ans. b. MGNMEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (MPGN)Type I--subendothelial immune complex (IC) deposits with granular IF; "tram-track" appearance on PAS stain (See figure A) and HandE stain (See figure B) due to GBM splitting caused by mesangial in growth.Type II--also called dense deposit disease.MPGN is a nephr...	Pathology	Kidney
f51bf26b-fbdf-4f31-ae98-14eb0edcd411	Which of the following bacteria act by increasing cAMP	Staphylococcus aureus	E. coli heat stable toxin	Vibrio cholera	Salmonella	2c	single	Cholera produces a potent enterotoxin known as cholera toxin. This toxin consists of	Microbiology	null
a125ec2b-de90-4623-a1ef-999292b6c35a	In strychnos nux vomica poisoning -	Pt becomes unconscious immediately	Pt remains conscious throughout	Pt becomes unconscious at end stage	Pt becomes unconscious in 1 hr or so	1b	single	consciousness is not lost and the mind remains clear till death.the duration of convulsions varies for half to two minutes REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO 353	Forensic Medicine	Poisoning
793539d2-5e54-40ad-9804-5b494078afd6	Formation of primary ovary in female foetus takes place by	6th week	8th week	10th week	12th week	2c	single	C i.e. 10 weeks	Anatomy	null
dc0a73e6-fc1f-4223-be5b-fefb9ead44e9	Which of the following malignant tumours is radioresistant?	Ewing's sarcoma	Retinoblastoma	Osteosarcoma	Osteosarcoma	2c	single	Ans. Osteosarcoma	Radiology	null
cd5243de-0a5c-4b48-842c-8fb5afcfb99f	Surgical treatment for asymptomatic uterine myoma is indicated if :	The myoma is pedunculated	Tumour is larger than the size of 3 months pregnancy	Diagnosis is unceain	All of the above	3d	multi	All of the above	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
4c919056-b63b-4e05-8bed-26338adf12b4	Lateral medullary syndrome is due to the occlusion of which of the following vessels?	Posterior superior cerebellar aery	Anterior inferior cerebellar aery	Basilar aery	Veebral aery	3d	single	Lateral medullary syndrome is otherwise known as Wallenberg's syndrome or PICA syndrome or veebral aery syndrome. Occlusive disease of the intracranial segment of the veebral aery is a much more frequent cause of the lateral medullary syndrome. Signs and symptoms include: Ipsilateral side Horner's syndrome Decrease in ...	Medicine	All India exam
e4cd8b2c-7da9-4285-aca5-fb6238a7980b	Which of the following drug causes pain on injection:-	Rocuronium	Vacuronium	Rapocuronium	Atracurium	0a	single	Rocuronium causes pain on injection, like propofol. Unlike propofol however it is given after patient is induced. Pain associated with injection of rocuronium is commonand can be very distressing. Tracheal intubation with rocuronium using the 'timing principle'. the described pain is a 'burning' in nature and occurred ...	Anaesthesia	Neuromuscular Blocker
a4e5be8a-f416-42b8-ac74-71cc020398ce	All are stages of anaesthesia except	Analgesia	Allodynia	Delirium	Surgical anesthesia	1b	multi	Guedel's classification is a means of assessing of depth of general anesthesia introduced by Ahur Ernest Guedel for Ether in1937. Stage I (stage of analgesia or disorientation) Stage II (stage of excitement or delirium) Stage III (stage of surgical anesthesia) plane I to IV Stage IV: from stoppage of respiration till d...	Anaesthesia	General anaesthesia
0757d89a-114e-4bfc-b937-fe2ec71101c2	All the following are at-risk groups meriting Hepatitis B vaccination in low endemic areas EXCEPT-	Patients on chronic hemodialysis	Diabetics on insulin	Medical/nursing personnel	Patients with chronic liver disease	1b	multi	high prevalence of hepatitis B in ceain locality and dialysis units, together with the recent discovery of occult hepatitis B infection, vaccination of non-immune clinical staff and renal patients preferably before the development of advanced renal failure appears paicularly impoant in the control of HBV Ref Davidson e...	Medicine	G.I.T
38b0c1a2-56dd-46b2-bc5a-5d2746e79005	A 12-year-old boy develops fever, accompanied by occasional headaches, malaise, fatigue, and nausea a month after being bitten by a dog. One day later, he experiences episodes of rigidity, hallucinations, breath-holding, and difficulty swallowing because of uncontrollable oral secretions. Dr. Louis Pasteur is consulted...	Multinucleate giant cells	Negri bodies	Perivascular lymphocytes	Pseudocysts with bradyzoites	1b	multi	The child had rabies, an infectious disease in which the virus travels from the site of an infected animal bite up nerves to the CNS. Pathognomonic Negri bodies are cytoplasmic inclusions found in the hippocampal pyramidal cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Worldwide, unvaccinated dogs remain the most common vector f...	Pathology	Central Nervous System
b9f5ee4c-188b-4993-85b5-55e48d9f020a	A patient is being evaluated for jaundice and liver fibrosis. His AST=87 IU/mL and ALT=81 IU/mL. His serological tests are given below. Which of the following is the next step in the diagnosis? IgM Anti- HbcAg Non- reactive IgG Anti- HbcAg Reactive HbsAg Non-Reactive HBeAg Non-Reactive Anti-HCV Reactive	HBV DNA	Anti- HbsAg	HCV-RNA-PCR	Liver biopsy	2c	multi	The serological status of this patient shows HCV infection since anti-HCV antibody is reactive. Hepatitis B surface antigen is negative and IgG Anti- HBcAg is reactive indicating remote infection with hepatitis B. Recovery is the rule in hepatitis B. In contrast hepatitis C results in development of cirrhosis. Even if ...	Medicine	Hepatitis
7823935d-437e-4df7-a9e1-9324856c43d8	Which one of the tissues putrefies late:	Brain	Prostate	Liver	Stomach	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e. prostateRef. Parik 6th/e p3.26 (5th/e p164)Prostate & testis in male and non gravid uterus and ovaries in female are the last organs to putrefy:As a general rule organs show putrefaction in following order:Larynx and TracheaStomach intestine and spleenLiver, LungsBrainHeartKidney, bladder, uterus, pros...	Forensic Medicine	Misc.
02e6af69-4ef7-4241-99e7-5bc9d7b9d7a6	In the stage of Grey hepatization -	WBC's fill the alveoli	RBC's fill the alveoli	Organisms fill the alveoli	Accumulation of fibrin	3d	single	Pathological changes of bacterial pneumonia A. Lobar pneumonia Large confluent area of the lung or entire lobes is consolidated. The lower lobes are affected most commonly. There are four stages of the inflammatory response (Laennec's stages) - 1. Stage of congestion (initial phase) The affected lobe is enlarged, h...	Pathology	null
de42732e-8945-45b0-ace5-45dc3d0ea099	Carboxylases require	Vitamin B1	Vitamin B2	Vitamin B12	Vitamin B7	3d	single	Biotin, vitamin B7, or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin. The vitamin plays a role in the transferring of carbon dioxide in the metabolism of fat, carbohydrate and protein by functioning as an enzyme cofactor. It is involved in multiple biochemical reactions including niacin metabolism, amino acid degradation, and ...	Biochemistry	Enzymes
a32f8471-900f-4f90-a851-de5129392196	All are principles of primary health care except –	Intersectoral coordination	Community participation	Appropriate technology	Decentralised approach	3d	multi	There are 4 main principles of primary health care : Equitable distribution Community participation Intersectorial coordination Appropriate technology	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
24bee4da-88a7-4d3d-87bc-385338682cd3	IPC for death after aboion is ?	312	314	313	304	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., 314 314 IPC : Death of patient caused by miscarriage (10 years of imprisonment +- fine).	Forensic Medicine	null
928dc5d4-5a5b-4512-ae6b-7a6a4ec751fc	If the maxillary canine is denoted as 23, which of the following tooth numbering systems was used?	Palmer system	Zsigmondy system	Universal system	FDI system	3d	single	The FDI two-digit system was introduced in 1970 by the Federation Dentaire Internationale (now known as the FDI World Dental Federation). It is a wholly digital system of tooth notation that makes visual sense, cognitive sense, and computer sense. This notation is also known as ISO-3950 notation. FDI World Dental Feder...	Dental	null
e60bf1ed-5477-47eb-a070-95624035577b	True about cryptosporidium parum -	Affect only in immunocompromised patient	It is one of the common oppounistic infection in AIDS	Cyst size 12-15 mm	AFB (+)ve cyst	1b	multi	Cryptosporidium has assumed great impoance as a frequent cause of intractable diarrhoea in AIDS patients. It can lead to acute self-limited diarrhoea in previously healthy persons and chronic life-threatening diarrhoea in immunocompromised subjects.Infection is acquired by ingesting the oocyst in contaminated food or d...	Microbiology	parasitology
e2dd2590-9501-48df-91d1-441af3086a8d	Passavant's ridge is formed by	Superior constrictor and palatopharyngeus	Inferior constrictor and palatopharyngeus	Superior constrictor and palatoglossus	Inferior constrictor and palatoglossus	0a	single	It is a mucosal ridge raised by fibres of palatopharyngeus. It encircles the posterior and lateral walls of the nasopharyngeal isthmus. Soft palate, during its contraction, makes firm contact with this ridge to cut off nasopharynx from the oropharynx during the deglutition or speech.	ENT	null
6b504a83-bb3f-4387-b65a-8552255e353f	Design of the major connector must be determined at the time of:	Primary impression making.	Treatment planning.	At the time of the final impression making.	Any of the above.	1b	multi	Design of the major connector must be determined during diagnostic and treatment planning phase, because mouth preparation procedures depend in part on the contemplated design of major connectors.	Dental	null
d10bac4e-edba-425e-8ecd-5a611bfa789a	Na &/or K+ is/are involved in mechanism of action of which of the following receptor(s)?	Dopamine	Nm receptor	Nn receptor	All of the above	3d	multi	The sodium-potassium pump is found in many cell (plasma) membranes. Powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against its concentration gradient. In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are extruded from and two potassium ions are impoed into the cell Ref: guyton and...	Physiology	Nervous system
eb623974-70ff-4615-bd69-43b7ecdc47cb	Oedipus complex (given by Sigmund Freud) is seen in:	Boys of 1-3 years of age	Girls of 1-3 years of age	Boys of 3-5 years of age	Girls of 3-5 years of age	2c	single	Sigmund Freud described Oedipus complex for both sexes, however that term in mostly associated with male sex now a days. Sl No Phase Age Organ of Gratification 1 Oral Phase Bih - 1 1/2 years Oral Region 2 Anal Phase 1 1/2 - 3 years Anal and perianal area 3 Phallic phase 3 to 5 years Genital area Males: Sexual gratifica...	Psychiatry	Psychoanalysis
28e2b34e-ec44-4dcf-8b24-077528e19bf0	Alpha fetoprotein is genetically and structurally-	Albumin	Transferrin	Fibrinogen	Growth hormone related	0a	multi	Produced by immature liver cells in fetus. Seen in amniotic fluid and maternal blood stream. Helps to detect congenital disorders. Source-robbins	Pathology	General pathology
900a3b09-3309-4053-b992-8d79b2057f99	A diabetic patient develops cellulitis due to staphy-lococcus aureus that was found to be methicillin resistant on the antibiotic sensitivity testing.All of the following antibiotics will be appropriate EXCEPT:	Vancomycin	Imipenem	Teicoplanin	Linezolid	1b	multi	lmipenem: It is an extremely potent and broad-spectrum Beta-lactam antibiotic whose range of activity includes grampositive cocci, Enterobacteriaceae, Ps. aeruginosa, Listeria as well as anaerobes like Bact. fragilis and Cl. difficile. It is resistant to most Beta-lactamases; inhibits penicillinase producing staphyloco...	Pharmacology	Chemotherapy
6c5c3484-0891-4729-86ba-841f7014b1eb	A case of Bell's palsy on steroids, shows no improvement after two weeks. Next step in manangement is -	Vasodilators and ACTH	Physiotherapy	Steroids dose	Electrophysiological nerve testings	3d	multi	In a patient who has had no improvement in steroids after 2 weeks of use will not benefit from an increase in dose of steroid Also vasodilators and ACTH have no role in management of Bells palsy Hence they are also ruled out. So now we are left with 2 options vizi. Electrophysiological nerve testing ii. Surgical decomp...	ENT	null
16a52407-9ecc-40f7-a319-3d8c8d9079f4	Fetal growth is maximally affected by –	Insulin	Growth hormone	Cortisol	Thyroxine	0a	multi	Insulin and insulin like growth factor stimulate fetal growth. Thyroxine has no effect on linear growth but it has effect on skeletal maturation. Fetal or maternal GH is not essential for fetal growth in utero.	Pediatrics	null
64e9c5f4-407f-4905-b4e8-4df3f05b0fdf	Which of the following is the mechanism of action of allopurinol?	Inhibits the synthesis of uric acid	Inhibits tubular reabsorption of uric acid	Anti-inflammatory action	Increases phagocytosis of urate crystals	0a	multi	Allopurinol (hypoxanthine analog) and recently approved drug, febuxostat (a non-purine drug) decrease the production of uric acid by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol is metabolized by the same enzyme to alloxanthine which is a long acting inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. These are indicated as drug of ...	Pharmacology	NSAIDs, Gout and Rheumatoid Ahritis
e56a157b-d74d-4d66-b3a9-d2073400ab2e	Sodium content in mmol/L in WHO oral rehydration solution is-	20	80	90	111	1b	single	Reduced osmolarity ORS grams/litre Reduced osmolarity ORS mmol/litre Sodium chloride 2.6 Sodium 75 Glucose, anhydrous 13.5 Chloride 65 Potassium chloride 1.5 Glucose, anhydrous 75 Trisodium citrate, dihydrate 2.9 Potassium 20 Citrate 10 Total Osmolarity 245	Pediatrics	Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders
78057260-857c-478a-9027-bc6c60bf6163	A 30 years old male presented with silvery scales on elbow and knee, that bleed on removal. The probable diagnosis is –	Pityriasis	Seborrhoeic dermatitis	Psoriasis	Secondary syphilis	2c	single	Morphology of papules/plaques in various papulosquamotas disorders Psoriasis - Erythematous papules and plaques on extensors (elbow & knee Lichen planus - Violaceous papules with Wickham's striae an flexural surface Pityriasis rosea - Annular plaques on Trunk Seborrheic dermatitis - Yellowish, follicular papules on sc...	Dental	null
087bc458-396b-4d79-b73d-78fe6c781174	Which of the following vitamin is NOT required from diet?	Nicotinic acid	Ascorbic acid	Vitamin-A	Vitamin-D	3d	single	Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin. 7-Dehydrocholesterol (an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol that accumulates in the skin) undergoes a nonenzymic reaction on exposure to ultraviolet light, yielding previtamin D. This undergoes a fuher reaction over a period of hours to form cholecalciferol, which is abso...	Biochemistry	null
c5661082-ccb9-4d66-b898-0603de45d174	The most frequent cause of scalded skin syndrome is:	Staphylococci	Pneumococci	Enterococci	Meningococci	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Straphylococci(Ref: Harrison, 18th/e, p. 1164-1167; Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 199)* Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is caused by an exfoliative toxin produced by roughly 5% of Staphylococcus aureus. As the syndrome evolves, an initial infection occurs, commonly at a site such as the oral o...	Microbiology	Bacteria
2ca02bfd-76c0-47ea-8bc1-48c2bf323128	True about Ebstein anomaly is ?	Right ventricular dilatation	Right atrial dilatation	Left ventricular dilatation	Left atrial dilatation	1b	multi	In ebstein anomaly there will be right Atrial dilation to accommodate excess blood Ghai essential of pediatrics ,eighth edition, p.no: 423	Pediatrics	C.V.S
da2d5536-3985-4766-96d0-0d42371cff61	Regarding adenocarcinoma in situ, all are true, except:	Invasive cancer cannot be ruled out without diagnostic excisional procedures	Hysterectomy is preferred for women who have completed childbearing	Frequently extends into the endocervical canal	Negative margins on excised specimen ensures complete resection of the disease.	3d	multi	Ans. D. Negative margins on excised specimen ensures complete resection of the disease.a. Adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix is a premalignant glandular condition. Adenocarcinoma in situ is the only known precursor to cervical adenocarcinoma, and appropriate management can prevent the occurrence of invasive d...	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Miscellaneous (Obs)
c8b63608-1954-4ae1-8ab6-5ebedbb95f3c	Bronze baby syndrome is caused by:	Phototherapy	Phenobarbitone	Hemosiderosis	Chloramphenicol	0a	single	Bronze baby syndrome: is a dark, grayish brown skin discoloration mainly seen in infants with elevated conjugated bilirubin, as an adverse effect of phototherapy	Pediatrics	Neonatal Jaundice
bd8a3465-50cd-4beb-8010-a1aa1ddeb5d8	Cyanide odor is of: NEET 13	Rotten egg	Fishy	Fruity	Bitter almond	3d	single	Ans. Bitter almond	Forensic Medicine	null
587ef917-abf4-4b32-985c-e2020bd397cb	Anaerobic glycolysis of which of these produces 3 ATPs per unit glucose consumed?	Amino acid	Fructose	Galactose	Glycogen	3d	single	Answer- D. GlycogenAnaerobic glycolysis of glycogen produces 3 ATPs per unit glucose consumed.Consumption of ATP at the level of hexokinase is not required when we sta from glycogen as a substrate. As there is no glucose-6- phosphatase in muscle, glucose-6-phosphate directly enters into glycolysis. Hence, net ATPs are ...	Biochemistry	null
b0bac4e4-70ba-4e7c-85fc-a05469744bab	A young man with blurring of vision in right eye, followed by left eye after 3 months, showing disc hyperemia, edema, circumpapillary telangiectasia with normal pupillary response with centrocecal scotoma on perimetry, the cause is -	Typical optic neuritis	Acute Papilledema	Toxic optic neuropathy	Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy	3d	single	It is a type of hereditary optic neuritis which primarily affects males around the age of 20 years. It is transmitted by the female carriers. The condition is characterised by progressive visual failure. The fundus is initially normal or in the acute stage disc may be mildly hyperaemic with telangiectatic microangiopat...	Ophthalmology	Neuro-ophthalmology
b24fa456-4068-4f81-9429-465d27d1b9be	If both parents are sickle cell anemia patients then the likelyhood of offsprings having the disease is-(	1 0 %	25%	50%	100%	3d	multi	Ans. is 'd' i.e., 100%	Pathology	null
f0cefc9d-0812-4239-ad3e-df12e6400af7	Foster Kennedy syndrome is associated with all(o\\fBtLh)e following, except:	Ipsilateral Anosmia	Contralateral Optic Atrophy	Olfactory groove meningioma	Contralateral Papilloedema	1b	multi	Answer is B (Contralateral optic Atrophy): Foster Kennedy Syndrome is associated with ipsilateral optic atrophy and not contralateral optic atrophy The Foster Kennedy syndrome consists of ipsilateral anosmia, ipsilateral optic atrophy and contralateral papilledema	Medicine	null
9ec14d8a-8f21-407c-a6d3-eccc75ae3a96	Which of the following anti-cancer drug comes under monoclonal antibodies: March 2013	Di-ethyl-stilbestrol	Tamoxifen	Ritumixab	Boezomib	2c	single	Ans. C i.e. Ritumixab Rituximab It is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of B cells. Rituximab destroys B cells, and is therefore used to treat diseases which are characterized by excessive numbers of B cells, overactive B cells, or dysfunctional B cells. Th...	Pharmacology	null
8bddacd4-978d-48c3-8cc1-2bd668f77620	Which one of the following statements concerning Loose Connective Tissue is true?	It is less abundant than Dense Connective Tissue.	It has a lower propoion of cells to fibers than does Dense Connective Tissue.	It acts as a medium for exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues.	It provides structural suppo for organs.	2c	multi	Both Loose and Dense connective tissues are composed of three elements: an amorphous ground substance, fibers, and various types of cells. The Amorphous ground substance of Loose Connective Tissue is the medium of exchange between the connective tissue cells and the bloodstream. Lower propoion of cells to fibers is a f...	Anatomy	Glands & Connective tissue
59359832-dffc-423d-9110-8674a1b05501	The term applied when it is doubtful whether there will be space for all the teeth in mixed dentition analysis is:	Space maintenance	Space regaining	Space supervision	None of the above	2c	multi	Space supervision It is a term applied when it is doubtful, according to the mixed dentition analysis, whether there will be room for all the teeth. Prognosis for supervision is always questionable, where as prognosis is always good for regaining space and for space maintenance. Space supervision cases are those that...	Dental	null
379e2054-89df-4de5-bec3-805a77568e13	Diagnostic accuracy of a test is determined by its	Sensitivity	Specificity	Predictive value	Odds ratio	2c	single	(Refer: K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 24thedition, pg no: 149)	Anatomy	All India exam
7f6b2c4f-894b-4215-ad2d-806f2949b11b	Floating water–Lily sign is feature of –	Lung hydatid	Bronchial adenoma	Lung abscess	Aspergilloma	0a	single	Water - Lily sign, also refered as camalote sign, is seen in ruptured hydatid cyst (echinococcosis) of lung.	Radiology	null
da529e73-61fe-4b52-81b1-8686b6a62ffd	A patient is taking drugs for rheumatoid ahritis and has a history of cataract surgery 1 year back, the patient presented with sudden painless loss of vision, probable diagnosis is?	CME	Macularhole	Chloroquine toxicity	Chronic choroiditis	2c	single	Patient of rheumatoid ahritis are given hydroxychloroquine which cause painless loss of vision due to bull's eye maculopathy characterized by a foveolar island of pigment surrounded by a depigmented zone of RPE atrophy, which is itself encircled by a hyperpigmented ring (A). There is moderate to severe reduction in VA ...	Ophthalmology	AIIMS 2018
07027106-89d0-4ceb-ac05-16a91fcecb2f	The posterior iliac horn is characteristic of:	Nail-patella syndrome	Marfan's syndrome	Hurler syndrome	Acromegaly	0a	single	Ans. Nail-patella syndrome	Radiology	null
3c859fe3-16ba-413f-9ba9-6bb852498eb1	Which of the following is a known effect of dengue to fetuses, if mother is affected	Aboion	Teratogenicity	GR	None of the above	3d	multi	Answer is option 4 None of the above Fetal risks in Dengue fever in pregnancy includes : No evidence of teratogenicity, aboion or IUGR following Dengue in pregnancy Veical transmission is present Newborn presents with fever hepatomegaly and thrombocytopenia. In grave infection Newborn may show coagulopathy	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy
4936a1ce-daa0-4368-abbf-6ab85ac99809	True regarding respiratory center is	Directly stimulated by fall in PaO2	Inhibited during swallowing	Connected with cardiac center	Situated in midbrain	1b	multi	B i.e. Inhibited during swallowing	Physiology	null
56601e96-ed43-4630-b087-4e9c071ac494	The infectivity, of chicken pox lasts for -	Till the last scab falls off	6 days after onset of rash	3 days after onset of rash	Till the fever subsides	1b	multi	Ans. is 'b' i.e., 6 days after onset of rash	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
e1feef9b-b067-41e2-8f93-f468c6954759	Which Couinaud segment of liver has independent supply?	I	II	III	IV	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., I * Caudate lobe (Couinaud Segment I) (anatomical part of right lobe) belongs physiologically to both right and left lobes because it receives blood from right and left hepatic arteries; right and left branches of portal vein; and drains bile into both right and left hepatic duct. Thus it is considere...	Anatomy	Abdomen & Pelvis
ae7cc188-d8c3-476f-99d1-33e64a5aa1e0	Tom Smith septic ahritis affects	Hip of infants	Joint of children	Shoulder in children	Neck of infants	0a	single	Septic ahritis of hip seen in infants. At this age, the head of the femur is cailaginous and is rapidly and completely destroyed by the pyogenic process. Onset is acute with rapid abscess formation, which may burst out or be incised and heals rapidly. Usually it is mistaken as a superficial infection and the child pres...	Surgery	Trauma
a2198ccd-d0c0-47da-8b40-667c9df0658f	Residual chlorine in chlorination of water should be:	1 mg/L after 1 hr	0.5 mg/L after 1 hr	1 mg/L after 30 mins	0.5 mg/L after 30 mins	1b	single	The minimum recommended concentration of free chlorine is 0.5 mg/L for one hour. The sum of the chlorine demand of the specific water plus the free residual chlorine of 0.5 mg/L constitutes the correct dose of chlorine to be applied. The chlorine has no effect on spores, protozoal cysts and helminthic ova, except in hi...	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
9ed679cf-84d1-4050-b4f7-9100a433698e	In Ramsay Hunt syndrome, most commonly involved nerve is	V	VII	VIII	IX	1b	single	Ramsay Hunt syndrome affects V, VII and VIII cranial nerves and among them, VII is most commonly affected. Ref: Dhingra 6th edition pg. 96	ENT	Ear
c2eb6d09-8523-43b0-8fd0-f1cf1525d017	Anthracosis is caused by;	Silica	Asbestos	Coal dust	Sugar cane waste	2c	single	Anthracosis is caused by Coal dust. There are two general phases in Anthracosis The first phase is simple pneumoconiosis which is associated with little ventilatory impairment. The second phase is characterised by progressive massive fibrosis (PMF); this causes severe respiratory disability and frequently results in pr...	Social & Preventive Medicine	FMGE 2019
30e098ff-d0bf-427f-8f1f-cb94441d2df0	All of the following are indication for adjuvant radiotherapy in head neck cancers except:-	Multiple lymph node disease	Extranodal involvement	Lymphovascular invasion	Lymph node >3cm	3d	multi	Lymph node >3cm is not an indication for adjuvant radiotherapy in head neck cancers. Indications for postoperative include:- -positive margins -invasion of the soft tissues of the neck -extranodal involvement - perineural invasion, and -more than 5 mm of subglottic invasion.	Surgery	Facial Injuries and Abnormalities
fae4b193-54f6-4ccd-9f35-db6ec510ff8d	The most sensitive imaging modality to detect early renal tuberculosis is ?	Intravenous urography	Computed tomography	Ultrasound	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e. Intravenous urography In early renal tuberculosis, the only radiological abnormality may be irregularity or destruction of one or more papillae and the most sensitive modality to detect it is IUV as it can show detailed calyceal anatomy. Advanced changes are :? a) Calcification - this may occur in any ...	Surgery	null
89270706-e043-4cfe-913d-22234def7c68	Feature of fetal R.B.C. -	Alkali denaturation resistant	Small in size	Has more 2,3 DPG level	More iron than adult RBC	0a	multi	<p>Fetal hemoglobin in contrast to Hb A shows the following -increased solubility of deoxy HbF, slower electrophoretic mobility for HbF, increased resistance of HbF to alkali denaturation, HbF has decreased interaction with 2,3-BPG.</p><p>DM Vasudevan textbook of biochemistry sixth edition pg no 259</p>	Medicine	Haematology
ee3ac036-6513-4b0a-a7f3-6b158504e9bd	Minimum number of lobes required to form a permanent tooth	1	2	3	4	3d	single	For permanent dentition	Dental	null
dfcd3099-923b-4165-9f8b-efb19ce11dd7	A five day old, full term male infant was severely cyanotic at bih. Prostaglandin E was administered initially and later ballooned atrial septosomy was done which showed improvement in oxygenation. The most likely diagnosis of this infant is -	Tetralogy Fallot	Transposition of great vessels	Truncus Aeriosus	Tricuspid Atresia	1b	multi	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Transposition of great vessels Transposition of Great vessels is a condition characterized by aoa arising from the right ventricle and pulmonary aery from the left ventricle. This results in complete separation of systemic and pulmonary circulation. Since systemic and pulmonary circulations are separa...	Pediatrics	null
a5f9fa8a-b146-4ab1-aee3-c262704e3e95	Which of the following antibiotic is the drug of choice in the treatment of lymphedema?	Penicillin	Amikacin	Metronidazole	Ceftazidime	0a	single	Penicillin 500mg given three to four times daily is the drug of choice in the treatment of lymphedema. Most common organisms causing soft tissue infection in patients with lymphedema are Staphylococcus and beta hemolytic Streptococcus. Lymphedema is a chronic condition caused by ineffective lymphatic transpo which resu...	Surgery	null
06fe91ba-d1b1-47b9-b54a-6bfafbafc800	Best skin disinfectant for central line insertion is:	Povione iodine	Alcohol	Cetrimide	Chlorhexidine	3d	single	"Chlorhexidine is now the disinfectant recommended for all catheter placement procedures and for routine site cleansing during dressing changes."- Comprehensive Hospital Medicine: An Evidence-Based And Systems Approach By Mark V. Williams, Scott A. Flanders, p320 "Use of antiseptic solution for skin disinfection at the...	Surgery	null
2b7ccc36-2d82-404b-807c-04be6cd0a022	MalloryY hyaline is seen in	Alcoholic liver disease	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Wilson's disease	All of the above	3d	multi	Mallory bodies or alcoholic hyalin: These are eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusions seen in perinuclear location within swollen and ballooned hepatocytes. They represent aggregates of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments (prekeratin). They can be best visualised with connective tissue stains like Masson's trichrome ...	Pathology	G.I.T
799f5cf7-2804-4395-9540-922089158b80	Kallu a 22 years old male suffers from decreased sleep, increased sexual activity, excitement and spending excessive money for last 8 days. The diagnosis is:	Confusion	Disorientation	Hyperactivity	Loss of memory	2c	multi	C i.e. Hyperactivity	Psychiatry	null
c779e460-3d57-4683-b7a8-abc37446ee34	Size of uterus in inches is :	5x4x2	4x3x1	3x2x1	4x2x1	2c	single	3x2x1	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
34b9ad41-1bb4-45b2-b95b-cb1bbf1d602a	Infectious mononucleosis is confirmed by	Blood smear	Monospot test	Frei’s test	Hess test	1b	single	Monospot test is also known as Paul Bunnel test.	Microbiology	null
3e531943-eafa-47f8-9281-246e546816c9	The distance between the gingiva and the margin of the free end of the stainless steel crown should be:	0.5 mm below	0.5-1.0 mm below	0.5 mm above	0.5- 1.0 mm above	1b	multi	The stainless steel crown should be approximately 0.5 to 1 mm beneath the free margin of the gingival tissue.	Dental	null
f043a8cf-a59a-424b-a33b-5348302c80b8	A 7 years old girl with falling grades and complaints by teacher that she is inattentive in class to her parents and has bad school performance. On hyperventilation her symptoms increased and showed the following EEG findings. Diagnosis is (graph is given):	Myoclonic epilepsy	Myoclonus	Absence seizure	Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy	2c	multi	Ans. c. Absence seizures	Pediatrics	null
7cdb5553-095d-4f85-bc02-13ff25041ad5	Origin of sympathetic fibers ?	Cranial	Sacral	Dorsolumbar	None	2c	multi	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dorsolumbar	Anatomy	null
d2cb68ff-0fb2-48fe-9cdb-f0fed627ad92	Which of the following is not a constituent of Glycosphingolipid	Sphingosine	Fatty acid	Glycerol	Carbohydrate	2c	single	Glycosphingo lipid are made up of Sphingosine + Fatty acid + Carbohydrate group. eg:- Cerebrosides, Gangliosides, Glubosides.	Biochemistry	null
d7356a09-d2d2-4a60-9aa0-4fc56b563190	Which of the following organism causes a life-threatening gastroenteritis as a result of use of a broad spectrum antimicrobial agents	Bacillus cereus	Bacillus anthracis	Clostridium botulinum	Clostridium difficile	3d	single	The use of broad spectrum antibiotics such as ampicillin and clindamycin has been associated with pseudomembranous colitis. Antibiotic administration results in the proliferation of drug resistant C. difficile that produces Toxin A (a potent enterotoxin with cytotoxic activity) and Toxin B (a potent cytotoxin). This di...	Microbiology	Bacteriology
64500408-3e92-4373-9748-6ff150d03ec6	Anti-parietal cell antibodies are found in patients with?	Good-pasture syndrome.	Primary biliary cirrhosis	Wegener granulomatosis.	Pernicious anemia	3d	single	Ans. (d) Pernicious anemiaRef: Robbin's pathology 9th ed. /764* Anti-parietal cell antibodies are found in patients with the autoimmune disease known as pernicious anemia.* The anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies are found in patients with Wegener granulomatosis.* Wegener granulomatosis may also present with pulmo...	Pathology	Stomach
cb60946d-4ff7-4f07-a182-01385e941dfa	Direct standardisation is also known as	Changing base method	Fixed base method	Hanging base method	None of the above	1b	multi	DIRECT STANDARDIZATION Two examples of direct standardization are given. In the first, a "standard population" is selected. A standard population is defined as one for which the numbers in each age and sex group are known. A frequently used standard age-composition is shown in Table 3. The standard population may also ...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Biostatistics
0bcb65a7-5d10-423d-9d69-b419b8e0ae2d	Drug used to control secretions in GA:	Hyoscine	Glycopyrrolate	Pethidine	Lorazepam	1b	single	Ans. (b) GlycopyrrolateRef: Ajay yadav's anesthesia 4th ed./48* To control secretions, anti-cholinergics are used: Glycopyrrolate, Atropine and Scopolamine.* Glycopyrrolate is preferred over atropine and scopolamine because it doesn't cross blood brain barrier. Therefore it is devoid of central side effects.Drugs Used ...	Anaesthesia	Miscellaneous General Anesthesia
119e1434-41fd-4e11-b7cb-dfa837b80ad4	All are true about whiplash injury except :	Neck stiffness is a presenting symptom	X-ray shows veebral fracture in most cases	There is hyperextension followed by flexion	It is a ligamentous injury of the cervical spine	1b	multi	Whiplash injury: Collision causing the occupant's body to be forced against the car seat, while the head flips backwards causing hyperextension and then recoil into flexion. C/F: Neck pain and stiffness, headache, dizziness, blurring of vision, paraesthesia in the arms, Temporomandibular discomfo and tinnitus. Tenderne...	Orthopaedics	Spinal Injury
e9ad66fe-0c0c-46c3-98d8-2032a5e0d0dd	A young child presented with history of passage of dark colored with urine with reduced urine output. He has a past history of abdominal pain, fever, and bloody diarrhea for 4 days which resolved on its own. There is absence of peripheral edema or rashes. Investigations show anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated blood...	Elevated haptoglobin level	Elevated serum indirect bilirubin	Elevated thrombin and prothrombin time	Low fibrinogen and elevated D-dimer level	1b	single	- Child given is presenting with classical history of hemolytic uremic syndrome In HUS, there is initial history of diarrhea caused d/t E-coli which causes damage to endothelial cells resulting in thrombotic microangiopathy affecting kidney. Typical Causative agent: Escherichia coli strain O157:H7 infection; Endothelia...	Pathology	Hemolytic Anemias: Basic concepts and classification
f6af5dd4-d33d-46b2-8558-3ebcf8931da3	A pregnant lady in her first trimester presents with vaginal bleeding. On examination the os is closed and uterine size corresponds to the period of amenorrhoea. The condition could be:	Septic aboion	Complete aboion	Inevitable aboion	Threatened aboion	3d	single	Aboion Classification Characteristics Cervical Os Passage of Fetal Tissue Threatened Abdominal pain or bleeding in the first 20 weeks of gestation Closed None Inevitable Abdominal pain or bleeding in the first 20 weeks of gestation Open None Incomplete Abdominal pain or bleeding in the first 20 weeks of gestation Open ...	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Aboions, Spontaneous & Induced Emergency Contraception (Hey,whats the hurry !)

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