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metadata 
license: mit
language:
  - en
  - de
  - fr
  - it
  - es
  - pt
  - hy
  - ka
  - ne
  - sr
  - zh
  - fil
  - nl
pretty_name: 'LEGEX Inference Results: 4 Systems, 6 Runs on 19 Jurisdictions'
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K
task_categories:
  - text-classification
  - token-classification
tags:
  - legal
  - benchmark
  - llm-evaluation
  - information-extraction
  - inference-outputs
dataset_info:
  - config_name: harvey
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: link
        dtype: string
      - name: legal_subject_judgement
        dtype: string
      - name: trial_start_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: trial_end_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_loosing_share
        dtype: string
      - name: court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiffs_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: defendants_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: defendant_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: model
        dtype: string
      - name: inference_date
        dtype: string
      - name: error
        dtype: string
      - name: comment
        dtype: string
      - name: original_input
        dtype: string
  - config_name: harvey_2
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: link
        dtype: string
      - name: legal_subject_judgement
        dtype: string
      - name: trial_start_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: trial_end_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_loosing_share
        dtype: string
      - name: court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiffs_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: defendants_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: defendant_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: model
        dtype: string
      - name: inference_date
        dtype: string
      - name: error
        dtype: string
      - name: comment
        dtype: string
      - name: original_input
        dtype: string
  - config_name: gemini
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: link
        dtype: string
      - name: legal_subject_judgement
        dtype: string
      - name: trial_start_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: trial_end_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_loosing_share
        dtype: string
      - name: court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiffs_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: defendants_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: defendant_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: model
        dtype: string
      - name: inference_date
        dtype: string
      - name: error
        dtype: string
      - name: comment
        dtype: string
      - name: original_input
        dtype: string
  - config_name: gpt
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: link
        dtype: string
      - name: legal_subject_judgement
        dtype: string
      - name: trial_start_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: trial_end_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_loosing_share
        dtype: string
      - name: court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiffs_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: defendants_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: defendant_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: model
        dtype: string
      - name: inference_date
        dtype: string
      - name: error
        dtype: string
      - name: comment
        dtype: string
      - name: original_input
        dtype: string
  - config_name: legora_1
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: link
        dtype: string
      - name: legal_subject_judgement
        dtype: string
      - name: trial_start_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: trial_end_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_loosing_share
        dtype: string
      - name: court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiffs_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: defendants_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: defendant_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: model
        dtype: string
      - name: inference_date
        dtype: string
      - name: error
        dtype: string
      - name: comment
        dtype: string
      - name: original_input
        dtype: string
  - config_name: legora_2
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: link
        dtype: string
      - name: legal_subject_judgement
        dtype: string
      - name: trial_start_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: trial_end_date
        dtype: date32
      - name: dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_dispute_value_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_loosing_share
        dtype: string
      - name: court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_court_cost_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: Currency_party_compensation_awarded_nominal
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiffs_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: defendants_all_count
        dtype: string
      - name: plaintiff_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: defendant_no1_ISIC1_industry_category
        dtype: string
      - name: model
        dtype: string
      - name: inference_date
        dtype: string
      - name: error
        dtype: string
      - name: comment
        dtype: string
      - name: original_input
        dtype: string
configs:
  - config_name: harvey
    data_files:
      - split: armenia
        path: data/am/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: australia
        path: data/au/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: belgium
        path: data/be/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: brazil
        path: data/br/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: france
        path: data/fr/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: georgia
        path: data/ge/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: germany
        path: data/de/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: hong_kong
        path: data/hk/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: india
        path: data/in/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: nepal
        path: data/np/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: new_zealand
        path: data/nz/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: philippines
        path: data/ph/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: serbia
        path: data/rs/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: singapore
        path: data/sg/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: spain
        path: data/es/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: switzerland
        path: data/ch/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: taiwan
        path: data/tw/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: united_kingdom
        path: data/uk/inference_harvey.jsonl
      - split: united_states
        path: data/us/inference_harvey.jsonl
  - config_name: harvey_2
    data_files:
      - split: armenia
        path: data/am/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: australia
        path: data/au/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: belgium
        path: data/be/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: brazil
        path: data/br/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: france
        path: data/fr/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: georgia
        path: data/ge/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: germany
        path: data/de/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: hong_kong
        path: data/hk/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: india
        path: data/in/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: nepal
        path: data/np/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: new_zealand
        path: data/nz/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: philippines
        path: data/ph/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: serbia
        path: data/rs/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: singapore
        path: data/sg/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: spain
        path: data/es/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: switzerland
        path: data/ch/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: taiwan
        path: data/tw/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: united_kingdom
        path: data/uk/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
      - split: united_states
        path: data/us/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
  - config_name: gemini
    data_files:
      - split: armenia
        path: data/am/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: australia
        path: data/au/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: belgium
        path: data/be/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: brazil
        path: data/br/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: france
        path: data/fr/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: georgia
        path: data/ge/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: germany
        path: data/de/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: hong_kong
        path: data/hk/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: india
        path: data/in/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: nepal
        path: data/np/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: new_zealand
        path: data/nz/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: philippines
        path: data/ph/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: serbia
        path: data/rs/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: singapore
        path: data/sg/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: spain
        path: data/es/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: switzerland
        path: data/ch/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: taiwan
        path: data/tw/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: united_kingdom
        path: data/uk/inference_gemini.jsonl
      - split: united_states
        path: data/us/inference_gemini.jsonl
  - config_name: gpt
    data_files:
      - split: armenia
        path: data/am/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: australia
        path: data/au/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: belgium
        path: data/be/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: brazil
        path: data/br/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: france
        path: data/fr/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: georgia
        path: data/ge/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: germany
        path: data/de/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: hong_kong
        path: data/hk/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: india
        path: data/in/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: nepal
        path: data/np/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: new_zealand
        path: data/nz/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: philippines
        path: data/ph/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: serbia
        path: data/rs/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: singapore
        path: data/sg/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: spain
        path: data/es/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: switzerland
        path: data/ch/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: taiwan
        path: data/tw/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: united_kingdom
        path: data/uk/inference_gpt.jsonl
      - split: united_states
        path: data/us/inference_gpt.jsonl
  - config_name: legora_1
    data_files:
      - split: armenia
        path: data/am/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: australia
        path: data/au/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: belgium
        path: data/be/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: brazil
        path: data/br/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: france
        path: data/fr/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: georgia
        path: data/ge/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: germany
        path: data/de/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: hong_kong
        path: data/hk/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: india
        path: data/in/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: nepal
        path: data/np/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: new_zealand
        path: data/nz/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: philippines
        path: data/ph/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: serbia
        path: data/rs/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: singapore
        path: data/sg/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: spain
        path: data/es/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: switzerland
        path: data/ch/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: taiwan
        path: data/tw/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: united_kingdom
        path: data/uk/inference_legora_1.jsonl
      - split: united_states
        path: data/us/inference_legora_1.jsonl
  - config_name: legora_2
    data_files:
      - split: armenia
        path: data/am/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: australia
        path: data/au/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: belgium
        path: data/be/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: brazil
        path: data/br/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: france
        path: data/fr/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: georgia
        path: data/ge/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: germany
        path: data/de/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: hong_kong
        path: data/hk/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: india
        path: data/in/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: nepal
        path: data/np/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: new_zealand
        path: data/nz/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: philippines
        path: data/ph/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: serbia
        path: data/rs/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: singapore
        path: data/sg/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: spain
        path: data/es/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: switzerland
        path: data/ch/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: taiwan
        path: data/tw/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: united_kingdom
        path: data/uk/inference_legora_2.jsonl
      - split: united_states
        path: data/us/inference_legora_2.jsonl

LEGEX Inference Results

System outputs for the LEGEX benchmark, six review-table extraction runs (four systems; Harvey and Legora twice each) on the case packets of all 19 jurisdictions:

am, au, be, br, ch, de, es, fr, ge, hk, in, np, nz, ph, rs, sg, tw, uk, us

The systems

Abbreviation model field value Notes
harvey harvey Harvey Vault Review, a commercial review-table product. Outputs exported from the production system on 2026-05-18 and 2026-06-30 (each record's inference_date says which export it came from) — the run reported in the paper. The per-column prompts as configured for each export are in prompts/prompts_harvey.jsonl. Harvey is a deployed product that changes over time, so these results are a dated snapshot.
harvey_2 harvey-2 A second, independent Harvey Vault Review run, exported 2026-08-05, with the prompts re-entered from the same rulebook (and rephrased by the platform on entry — see prompts/prompts_harvey_2.jsonl). Released for robustness comparisons across time and prompt variants; not part of the paper's reported numbers.
gemini gemini/gemini-3.1-flash-lite Schema-constrained pipeline via the Gemini API.
gpt gpt-5.4-mini Schema-constrained pipeline via the OpenAI API.
legora_1 legora-1 Legora Tabular Review, a commercial review-table product. Exported from the production system on 2026-08-01; the export contained the full question set twice, i.e. two independent runs — this is the first (left) column group, the run reported in the paper. The per-column prompts as run are in prompts/prompts_legora_1.jsonl. Like Harvey, a dated snapshot of a deployed product.
legora_2 legora-2 The second (right) column group of the same 2026-08-01 Legora export — an independent run with independently re-entered per-column prompts, see prompts/prompts_legora_2.jsonl. Released for robustness comparisons across prompt variants.

The gemini and gpt pipelines received the identical single system prompt (v3, see the code repo). Harvey and Legora take one prompt per review-table column, so the same rules were entered per column; the platforms' workflow assistants rephrase prompts on entry, and the as-run column prompts therefore differ in wording between runs. The as-run prompts of every Harvey and Legora run are shipped verbatim in prompts/ (Harvey's 18 May set is also reproduced in the paper appendix). All runs encode the same 14-field schema (see the goldensets repo for the schema definition).

File layout 

data/<cc>/inference_harvey.jsonl
data/<cc>/inference_harvey_2.jsonl
data/<cc>/inference_gemini.jsonl
data/<cc>/inference_gpt.jsonl
data/<cc>/inference_legora_1.jsonl
data/<cc>/inference_legora_2.jsonl
prompts/prompts_harvey.jsonl
prompts/prompts_harvey_2.jsonl
prompts/prompts_legora_1.jsonl
prompts/prompts_legora_2.jsonl

The prompts/ files hold the per-column prompts as run, one record per (run, field): model, inference_date, field, prompt.

Record schema

Each record corresponds to one (judgment, system) pair:

Key Type Description
case_id string Identifier matching the goldenset case_id.
link string | null URL to the original judgment.
legal_subject_judgement … defendant_no1_ISIC1_industry_category string | null The 14 extracted fields, same schema as the goldensets. All values are strings (numbers as digit strings) so every column is single-typed, this fixes the ArrowInvalid load failure of the first CSV release.
model string Model identifier emitted by the inference pipeline (see table above).
inference_date string The date the producing run was executed/exported (e.g. 2026-08-01 for both Legora runs; 2026-05-18/2026-06-30 for Harvey), so run variants remain traceable per record.
error string | null Non-empty only if the model call failed for that case.
comment string | null Human-readable note listing every value changed during cleaning; null when the record needed no change.
original_input string JSON object mapping each cleaned field to its 1:1 pre-cleaning value; "{}" when nothing changed.

See goldensets for a description of the data columns.

Cleaning

Long-form refusals ("…the date is not stated … N/A") and prose/citations by the model not following instructions were removed or standardized via a two-step, human-reviewed pipeline (legex-refusals-scan > review > legex-refusals-apply, see the code repo). Every change is recorded per record in comment / original_input, so the raw model output can always be reconstructed.

Coverage and known limitations

  • Only 15 of Spain's 129 annotated judgments have Harvey output (the ingest of the remaining case packets failed before the 2026-06-30 export and was not re-run); evaluation counts each system only on the judgments it actually produced output for, and reports per-system denominators.

  • Hong Kong case_ids that were shared by two different documents (one CFA case number covering e.g. a substantive judgment and a costs ruling) are disambiguated with the source document id, e.g. FACV12/2022-DIS154422, matching the goldensets release.

  • Inference ran on the full sampled case packets (up to 130 cases per jurisdiction), so files can contain more cases than the goldenset has expert-reviewed rows. Evaluation joins on case_id against the goldenset.

  • Some Harvey exports are partial: es has 15 rows, np 108, ph 115, hk 116, rs 126, au 128, de 129, all other files have 130. The harvey_2 run shares most of these gaps: es 15, hk 102, ph 115, rs 126, de 129, all other files 130.

  • Legora returned empty review tables for Armenia (am), Georgia (ge), and most Nepalese (np) judgments — the rows exist but their fields are empty (Legora appears not to support non-Latin scripts). Evaluation counts each system only on the judgments it actually answered. Legora hk files have 116 rows.

  • For Switzerland, gemini and gpt emit case_ids with different separators than the goldenset (e.g. 4A_426/2024 vs 4A-426-2024), join after normalising separators.

  • A few files contain duplicate case_id rows.

Loading 

import pandas as pd

# One (jurisdiction, system) pair
df = pd.read_json(
    "hf://datasets/legexbenchmark/inference-results/data/us/inference_gpt.jsonl",
    lines=True,
)

or with the datasets library (one config per system):

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("legexbenchmark/inference-results", "harvey", split="switzerland")
ds = load_dataset("legexbenchmark/inference-results", "gpt", split="united_states")
ds = load_dataset("legexbenchmark/inference-results", "legora_1", split="switzerland")

To compare against the gold annotations, join on case_id after loading the matching split from legexbenchmark/goldensets.

License

MIT.