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\subsection{Normality of total spaces} \begin{lemma} \label{lem:reducing_reduced_fibers} In the situation of \autoref{notation:CM_semi_positivity}, there exists a finite morphism from a smooth projective curve $\tau :S \to T$ such that if $g : Y \to S$ is the normalized pullback of $f$ (so the normalization of the...
{'timestamp': '2018-06-20T02:10:09', 'yymm': '1806', 'arxiv_id': '1806.07180', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.07180'}
\section{Conclusion\label{section:conclusion}} We have implemented a simulation with the following characteristics: \begin{itemize} \item The simulation is composed of a cellular automaton embedded in a reactive environment providing global instants and broadcast events. \item The basic components are threads t...
{'timestamp': '2011-01-13T18:32:47', 'yymm': '1101', 'arxiv_id': '1101.2133', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.2133'}
\section{Introduction} Many computerized methods have been developed in the past 30 years to build numerical models of sedimentary terrains from seismic and well data, where geological layers are often both folded and faulted. Estimations and forecasts based on such models may impact economic decisions, so numeri...
{'timestamp': '2021-05-17T02:11:58', 'yymm': '2105', 'arxiv_id': '2105.06137', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.06137'}
\section{Introduction} The Glauber model~\cite{glauber} was the first theoretical approach which calculated the effects of shadowing in hadron-nucleus interactions. The model however, was essentially non-relativistic. In the pioneering papers by V.N.~Gribov~\cite{gribov69,gribov70} it was realised that the length sc...
{'timestamp': '2016-02-02T02:10:16', 'yymm': '1602', 'arxiv_id': '1602.00298', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.00298'}
\section*{Acknowledgement} This work has been supported in part by the European Research Council grant n.~226455, \textit{``SUPERSYMMETRY, QUANTUM GRAVITY AND GAUGE FIELDS (SUPERFIELDS)"}. This work was conducted during the period B.N.T. served as a postdoctoral research fellow at the \textit{``INFN-Laboratori Nazion...
{'timestamp': '2011-02-14T02:02:02', 'yymm': '1102', 'arxiv_id': '1102.2391', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.2391'}
\section*{Acknowledgments} I thank C.M. Ko for asking the questions which lead to this study. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number PHY-9403666.
{'timestamp': '1996-04-24T03:17:50', 'yymm': '9604', 'arxiv_id': 'nucl-th/9604036', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9604036'}
\section{Introduction} Orthonormal transformations play a key role in most matrix decomposition techniques and spectral methods \cite{Belabbas369}. As such, manipulating them in an efficient manner is essential to many practical applications. While general matrix-vector multiplications with orthogonal matrices take $O...
{'timestamp': '2021-03-24T01:29:13', 'yymm': '1907', 'arxiv_id': '1907.08697', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.08697'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Herbig Ae (HAe) stars are a class of intermediate mass (\SIrange[range-units = single, range-phrase = --]{1.5}{5}{\solarmass}) pre-main-sequence stellar objects characterized by strong excess emission in the near-infrared (NIR) and millimeter wavelengths, typically peaking arou...
{'timestamp': '2018-11-12T02:06:49', 'yymm': '1811', 'arxiv_id': '1811.03778', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.03778'}
\section{Introduction} Our manipulations rely heavily on plethystic notation and the terminology used in \cite{GHRY}. In \cite{HRW15}, the reader can find detailed explanations for all of the notations used in this paper. Recall that Dyck paths in the $n\times n$ lattice square $R_n$ are paths from $(0,0)$ to $(n,n...
{'timestamp': '2018-01-24T02:04:17', 'yymm': '1801', 'arxiv_id': '1801.07385', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07385'}
\section{Time-evolution in Quantum Mechanics with A certain climax of our present letter comes when we address the problem of the time-evolution in Quantum Mechanics with $\Theta \neq I$ and with a manifest time-dependence in all our operators. Once we prepare an initial state as a normalized vector $|\varphi(t) \!\su...
{'timestamp': '2007-11-05T10:29:43', 'yymm': '0711', 'arxiv_id': '0711.0535', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0711.0535'}
\section{Introduction} The fifth generation (5G) of the cellular systems, which will be introduced in the early 2020s, outperforms the previous generations in terms of data rates and capacity, in addition to supporting new communication protocols to deal with demanding requirements such as latency, reliability and effi...
{'timestamp': '2018-01-24T02:05:18', 'yymm': '1801', 'arxiv_id': '1801.07423', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07423'}
\section{Introduction} Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are used in a multitude of applications, but perhaps the oldest is as a colourizing agent when dispersed in a host dielectric, as in the (dichroic) Lycurgus cup\cite{Freestone2007,Barch2015}. Exposed to optical radiation, metal NPs exhibit scattering properties due to ex...
{'timestamp': '2016-09-12T02:06:03', 'yymm': '1609', 'arxiv_id': '1609.02874', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.02874'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{-0.25cm} The freely available multispectral satellite imagery and advancement in modern machine learning have paved the way for a wide variety of applications. These include disaster assessment~\cite{dao2015object}, crop classification~\cite{csillik2019object, kobayas...
{'timestamp': '2021-03-19T01:13:11', 'yymm': '2103', 'arxiv_id': '2103.10050', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.10050'}
\section{Context} \label{sec:context} Maritime traffic surveillance has played an important role, not only in navigation safety, but also in other Maritime Situational Awareness (MSA) aspects. Among others, the early detection of abnormal behaviours helps identify suspicious activities, enforce law, perform efficie...
{'timestamp': '2020-08-13T02:22:25', 'yymm': '2008', 'arxiv_id': '2008.05443', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.05443'}
\section{Introduction} Cognitive deficit of older adults is one of the biggest global public health challenges in elderly care. Approximately 5.2 million people of 65 and older are suffered with any form of cognitive impairments in United States in 2012 \cite{stat12}. Dementia is one of the major causes of the cognitiv...
{'timestamp': '2020-03-18T01:05:03', 'yymm': '2003', 'arxiv_id': '2003.07492', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07492'}
\section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction} The temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy spectrum measured by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) \citep{WMAP9} and PLANCK \citep{Planck_13}, and observations of the large-scale ($k \lower0.6ex\vbox{\hbox{$ \buildre...
{'timestamp': '2015-09-23T02:12:53', 'yymm': '1509', 'arxiv_id': '1509.04308', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.04308'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \PARstart{I}{n} the new era of Open Science \cite{Woelfe2011}, data sharing has become increasingly crucial for efficient and fair development of science and industry. Especially in the field of medical image science, various datasets have been released and used for the d...
{'timestamp': '2021-08-17T02:09:46', 'yymm': '2108', 'arxiv_id': '2108.06518', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.06518'}
\section{Method: additional details} \subsection{Scale ambiguity in SFM}\label{s:sfm} In Sec. 3.2 in the paper, we explain that the scale ambiguity of structure from motion (SFM) causes each reconstruction of a sequence $S^i$ to be known only up to a global sequence specific scaling factor $\lambda^i$. Since $\lambda...
{'timestamp': '2017-08-28T02:01:11', 'yymm': '1705', 'arxiv_id': '1705.03951', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03951'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The total solar flux\footnote{We have observed the total solar 'flux density' practically. It is commonly, and perhaps inaccurately, referred to as 'flux' in the literature. In the paper, we will use the common term 'flux' rather than 'flux density'.} in microwaves, especially ...
{'timestamp': '2017-09-13T02:06:04', 'yymm': '1709', 'arxiv_id': '1709.03695', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.03695'}
\section{Hypergraphs and quantum states} Given a hypergraph $G=(V,E)$ and non-negative edge weights $w\colon E\to\mathbb R_+$, the \emph{cut function} $\delta\colon 2^V\to\mathbb R_{\geq0}$ is defined as $c(S) = \sum_{e\in\delta(S)} w(e)$, where $\delta(S)$ is the set of hyperedges that contain vertices both in~$S$ and...
{'timestamp': '2020-03-02T02:01:17', 'yymm': '2002', 'arxiv_id': '2002.12397', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.12397'}
\section{Introduction} The statistical evolution of the morphology of galaxies is one of the most fundamental observational clues to understand the establishing process of the Hubble sequence of galaxies seen in the local universe. Especially rest-frame optical morphology is important because it reflects stellar mass...
{'timestamp': '2007-09-21T22:09:09', 'yymm': '0709', 'arxiv_id': '0709.3523', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0709.3523'}
\section{INTRODUCTION} One of the major achievements of observational cosmology in the 20th century has been the detailed reconstruction of the large-scale structure of what is now called the `local Universe' ($z\le 0.2$). Large redshift surveys such as the 2dFGRS \citep{colless01,colless03} and SDSS \citep{york00,sds...
{'timestamp': '2013-03-14T01:01:35', 'yymm': '1303', 'arxiv_id': '1303.2623', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.2623'}
\section{Introduction} Fourth order parabolic equations and corresponding initial-boundary value problems appear in the modelling in areas as diverse as biology, phase-field modelling and image processing to name a few. In most cases of practical interest one has to resort to numerical methods for their solution, due t...
{'timestamp': '2013-03-12T01:04:04', 'yymm': '1303', 'arxiv_id': '1303.2524', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.2524'}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \begin{figure}[t] \begin{center} {\small \tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, draw, fill=blue!20, text width=9em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=3em] \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex'] \tikzstyle{container} = [draw, rectangle, rounded corners, inner sep=.4cm, fi...
{'timestamp': '2020-01-15T02:15:24', 'yymm': '1909', 'arxiv_id': '1909.05618', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05618'}
\section{Introduction} The abundance of most stable nuclei above iron in the universe can be understood as produced by various types of neutron capture \cite{mat85,bar06}. However, production of about 40 stable isotopes cannot be explained in this way, but only through similar proton capture processes \cite{bur57,...
{'timestamp': '2017-09-06T02:04:39', 'yymm': '1709', 'arxiv_id': '1709.01270', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.01270'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The use of prox-functions in convex programming has become standard in recent decades. Originally, they were introduced in the context of mirror descent methods \cite{nemirovski:1983}. In order to explain how prox-functions enter into optimization methods, we recall their defi...
{'timestamp': '2019-09-13T02:14:29', 'yymm': '1909', 'arxiv_id': '1909.05591', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05591'}
\section{Constructive Upper Bounds} The multiplicative upper bound inequality for vertex Folkman numbers stated in Theorem \ref{K-XLSW} below was proved independently in \cite{Nkolev2008} and \cite{XLSW}. A related constructive upper bound for $F_v(k,k;k+1)$ was obtained in \cite{XLSW}, which improved earlier known bo...
{'timestamp': '2017-08-02T02:03:09', 'yymm': '1708', 'arxiv_id': '1708.00125', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.00125'}
\section{Introduction} We will discuss the physics of correlated electron systems from an experimental viewpoint, focussing on optical spectroscopy. The interaction of light and matter will be discussed first from a classical point of view, based on the Maxwell equations. This review will be the basis for a discussion ...
{'timestamp': '2008-07-21T15:22:50', 'yymm': '0807', 'arxiv_id': '0807.3261', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.3261'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The existing contemporary communications systems can be abstractly characterized by the conceptual seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection model. The lowest (or first) layer, known as the \emph{physical layer}, aims to describe the communication process over an actual physical...
{'timestamp': '2017-08-04T02:04:14', 'yymm': '1701', 'arxiv_id': '1701.00915', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.00915'}
\section{Introduction} Let $H$ be a separable Hilbert space, denoting its inner product by the symbol $( \ , \ )$ which is conjugate-linear in its first coordinate and linear in its second. A result of Wigner in \cite{wigner} shows that every weakly continuous one-parameter group of $*$-automorphisms $\{\alpha_t\...
{'timestamp': '2010-06-01T02:03:18', 'yymm': '0905', 'arxiv_id': '0905.2708', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.2708'}
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Disk galaxies support stellar spiral density waves \citep{bertinetal89a} that interact with each other at resonances \citep{tagger87} to produce complex, regenerating structures \citep[see review in][]{sellwood2014}. These waves also interact with the gas to produce ev...
{'timestamp': '2014-08-19T02:01:54', 'yymm': '1408', 'arxiv_id': '1408.3658', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.3658'}
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Cusps of modular curves at infinite level} Let $p$ be a prime and let $K$ be a perfectoid field extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$. Throughout we shall assume that $K$ contains all $p^n$-th unit roots for all $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Let $N\geq 3$ be coprime to $p$ and let $\mathcal X^{\ast}$ be t...
{'timestamp': '2020-02-10T02:01:00', 'yymm': '2002', 'arxiv_id': '2002.02488', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.02488'}
\section{Appendices} \section{Comparing web traffic data with social media engagement signals} \label{section:comparison} As we mentioned previously, existing research on news consumption mostly focuses on how news URLs are shared on social media platforms, especially Twitter and Facebook. While social media signals...
{'timestamp': '2022-01-13T02:05:36', 'yymm': '2201', 'arxiv_id': '2201.04226', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.04226'}
\section{Introduction} Temporal action detection, which aims at locating specified actions from untrimmed videos in the temporal dimension, has been widely applied to various tasks such as video understanding~\cite{sun2015temporal,wang2018rgb}, surveillance~\cite{sultani2018real}, \etc. Similar to object detection, the...
{'timestamp': '2021-03-31T02:12:30', 'yymm': '2103', 'arxiv_id': '2103.16024', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.16024'}
\section{Introduction} There is an impressive number of experimental verifications, in many different scientific sectors, that coarse-grain properties of systems, with simple laws with respect to the fundamental microscopic algorithms, emerge at different levels of magnification providing important tools for explain...
{'timestamp': '2020-04-21T02:14:37', 'yymm': '2003', 'arxiv_id': '2003.12457', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12457'}
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} Let $M$ be an oriented 7-manifold with a ${\mathbb G}_2$-structure, defined by a positive 3-form $\phi.$ Endow $M$ with the corresponding Riemannian metric $g = g_\phi$ and Hodge star operator $* = *_g$ (see \S \ref{ss:npg2} below). A connection $A$ on a vector bund...
{'timestamp': '2020-06-15T02:03:10', 'yymm': '2002', 'arxiv_id': '2002.02386', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.02386'}
\section{Introduction} Among the most important achievements in theoretical numerical analysis during the last decade was the development of mathematical techniques for analyzing the performance of adaptive finite element methods. A crucial notion in this theory is that of {\em approximation classes}, which we discuss...
{'timestamp': '2016-02-05T02:02:56', 'yymm': '1408', 'arxiv_id': '1408.3889', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.3889'}
\section{Introduction} In the interstellar medium, dust grains and radiation fields affect one another. Grains driven by radiation pressure can transfer momentum to nearby gas, helping to regulate star formation and launch galactic outflows \citep{Krumholz2009, Murray2010, Hopkins2012}. Dust scatters and absorbs sta...
{'timestamp': '2019-12-09T02:00:20', 'yymm': '1912', 'arxiv_id': '1912.02825', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.02825'}
\section{Introduction} Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n \geq 3$. The Yamabe problem is concerned with finding metrics of constant scalar curvature in the conformal class of $g$. This problem leads to a semi-linear elliptic PDE for the conformal factor. More precisely, a conformal metric of ...
{'timestamp': '2009-05-23T20:39:20', 'yymm': '0905', 'arxiv_id': '0905.3841', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.3841'}
\section{Science objective of the Cherenkov telescope} \label{sec:CTScience} The CT is a novel instrument and no previous version was flown or even built before. Therefore, the main objective for the telescope is to raise the technical readiness level and to understand the occurring backgrounds in such an instrument be...
{'timestamp': '2021-12-17T02:05:06', 'yymm': '2112', 'arxiv_id': '2112.08509', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.08509'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The COVID-19 outbreak \cite{who_covid_definition}, which was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020 \cite{who_covid_pandemic}, changed several aspects of our everyday life both in the online and offline sphere. For instance, the n...
{'timestamp': '2021-06-09T02:02:46', 'yymm': '2106', 'arxiv_id': '2106.03924', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03924'}
\section*{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In 1965 Richard Thompson introduced three groups that today are usually denoted $F$, $T$, and $V$. These have received a lot of recent attention for their interesting and often surprising properties. Most prominently, $T$ and $V$ are finitely presented, infinite, simple groups,...
{'timestamp': '2016-03-31T02:10:09', 'yymm': '1405', 'arxiv_id': '1405.5491', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.5491'}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In the recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in the amount of digital multimedia data, especially the video content, both in the form of video archives and live streams. According to statistics~\cite{burgess2018youtube}, 300 hours of video is being uploaded every min...
{'timestamp': '2023-01-10T02:16:39', 'yymm': '2301', 'arxiv_id': '2301.03164', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.03164'}
\section{Introduction} Let $A\in B(\ell_2({\Bbb Z}))$ be a bounded operator on $\ell_2({\Bbb Z})$, we can write $A$ in its matrix presentation $A=(a_{k,j})$ with $a_{k,j}=\langle Ae_k,e_j\rangle $. Given a bounded function $m$ on ${\Bbb Z}\times {\Bbb Z}$, we call the map \begin{eqnarray} S_m: (a_{k,j})\map...
{'timestamp': '2022-09-28T02:08:31', 'yymm': '2209', 'arxiv_id': '2209.13108', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.13108'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{S}{egmentation} and/or classification of medical images plays a vital role in disease diagnosis, therapy planning and follow-up tracking of therapy efficiency. Therefore, segmentation/classification by using deep learning (DL) models, i.e. deep neural networ...
{'timestamp': '2022-04-15T02:20:59', 'yymm': '2204', 'arxiv_id': '2204.06955', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.06955'}
\section{Introduction \label{sec:introduction}} Recently, the use of a Wien filter operated at radio frequency (RF) has been proposed as a tool to search for electric dipole moments (EDMs) of protons and deuterons in storage rings~\cite{Rathmann:2013rqa,morse}. The occurrence of EDMs of elementary particles is intimat...
{'timestamp': '2016-03-07T02:16:09', 'yymm': '1603', 'arxiv_id': '1603.01567', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.01567'}
\section{Introduction} We work over the field of complex numbers which shall be denoted by ${\mathbb C}$. The motivation for the results of this article lie in the study of certain conjectures of Griffiths and Harris on the structure of curves in hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb P}^4$. These conjectures can be viewed as a g...
{'timestamp': '2010-05-24T02:01:37', 'yymm': '1005', 'arxiv_id': '1005.3988', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1005.3988'}
\section*{Notation} {\small \begin{xtabular}{p{1cm}p{7.25cm}} $j$ & The imaginary unit ($j^2 + 1 = 0$) \\ $a,A$ & (No boldface letter) scalar \\ $\bf a$ & (Boldface lowercase letter) column vector \\ $\bf A$ & (Boldface uppercase letter) matrix \\ $\mathcal{A}$ & (Calligraphic font uppercase letter) set \\ ...
{'timestamp': '2022-11-03T01:17:17', 'yymm': '2012', 'arxiv_id': '2012.04087', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.04087'}
\section{Introduction} It is well known that the mapping class group $\M(S)$ of a closed orientable surface $S$ is generated by Dehn twists. This result was originally proved by Dehn \cite{Dehn} and rediscovered by Lickorish \cite{Lick0}. On a closed nonorientable surface $N$, however, there are elements of the mappin...
{'timestamp': '2011-08-22T02:01:13', 'yymm': '1006', 'arxiv_id': '1006.5410', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1006.5410'}
\section{Introduction} The faint and metal-poor satellites of massive galaxies are among the oldest structures of the Universe, whether they are dwarf galaxies or globular clusters (\citealt{white_rees_78}, \citealt{beasley02}, \citealt{mo10}). Because the faintest, low-mass galaxies are, in a $\Lambda$CDM context, dom...
{'timestamp': '2020-05-14T02:00:18', 'yymm': '2005', 'arxiv_id': '2005.05976', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05976'}
\section{Introduction} Self-supervised contrastive learning has been shown great potential in extracting general visual representations recently \cite{chen2020simple}. Models pre-trained in such a manner achieve better results in downstream tasks like object detection and segmentation, comparing to fully-supervised pr...
{'timestamp': '2022-03-01T02:50:56', 'yymm': '2202', 'arxiv_id': '2202.13837', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.13837'}
\section{Introduction} The matrix model of uncompactified M theory \cite{dhn}-\cite{bfss} has been generalized to arbitrary toroidal compactifications of type IIA and IIB string theory. These models can be viewed as particular large $M$ limits of the original matrix model, in the sense that they may be viewed as the d...
{'timestamp': '1997-03-31T11:52:45', 'yymm': '9703', 'arxiv_id': 'hep-th/9703218', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9703218'}
\section{Introduction} The concentration of both dark and baryonic matter in the cores of clusters of galaxies has many profound implications for our understanding of cluster growth and cosmology. Firstly, the structure and evolution of the gravitational potential of a cluster of galaxies depends on the nature of dark ...
{'timestamp': '2009-01-15T00:45:31', 'yymm': '0901', 'arxiv_id': '0901.2144', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0901.2144'}
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Let $d\mu$ be a measure on ${\mathbb R}^d$ with all finite moments and we assume that $d \mu$ is positive definite in the sense that $\int_{{\mathbb R}^d} p^2(x) d\mu >0$ for every $p \in \Pi^d$, $p \ne 0$, where $\Pi^d$ denotes the space of real polynomials in $d$--var...
{'timestamp': '2009-11-15T01:03:30', 'yymm': '0911', 'arxiv_id': '0911.2818', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.2818'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} During the last decade, Online Social Networks (OSNs) have successfully attracted billions of people who share a huge amount of personal information through the Internet, such as their background, preferences and social connections. Owing to the increase of potential violations ...
{'timestamp': '2015-08-05T02:10:26', 'yymm': '1508', 'arxiv_id': '1508.00784', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.00784'}
\section{Introduction} Filippov introduced $n$-Lie algebras in 1985 \cite{filippov1985}. $n$-Lie algebras, in particular $3$-Lie algebras are important in mathematical physics. Lie superalgebras are the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded Lie algebras which was introduced by Kac \cite{kac1977}. These are too interesting from a pur...
{'timestamp': '2022-07-26T02:05:43', 'yymm': '2207', 'arxiv_id': '2207.11443', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.11443'}
\section{Introduction} In spite of being an attractive material with excellent electronic properties \cite{ahcn09}, practical applications of graphene as in conventional semiconductor devices are still questionable due to its gapless nature. In particular, the ON/OFF current ratio is low while the saturation of curre...
{'timestamp': '2014-04-09T02:01:59', 'yymm': '1403', 'arxiv_id': '1403.5310', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.5310'}
\section{Introduction} Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) suggests the possible existence of hadrons with a substructure that is more complex than the three quark baryons and the quark-antiquark mesons of the Quark Parton Model (QPM). Possibilities for these so-called {\it exotic} hadrons include pentaquark baryons ($qqq\...
{'timestamp': '2009-01-16T01:10:58', 'yymm': '0901', 'arxiv_id': '0901.2371', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0901.2371'}
\section*{Abstract} \else \begin{center} {\bf Abstract\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{0pt}} \end{center} \quotation \fi} \renewcommand{\endabstract}{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi} \newcommand{\preprintnumber}[1] {\begin{flushright} \begin{tabular}{l} #1 \end{tabular} \end{flushright}} \makeatother \ne...
{'timestamp': '1999-10-01T21:51:09', 'yymm': '9404', 'arxiv_id': 'hep-ph/9404349', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9404349'}
\section{Introduction} In \cite{lodha2016nonamenable}, Lodha and Moore introduced the group $G_0$ consisting of piecewise projective homeomorphisms of the real projective line. This group is a finitely presented torsion free counterexample to the von Neumann-Day problem \cite{Neumann1929, day1950means}, which asks whe...
{'timestamp': '2022-04-19T02:40:14', 'yymm': '2204', 'arxiv_id': '2204.08230', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.08230'}
\section{Introduction} \section{Thermodynamic formalism, introductory notions}\label{Introduction} Among founders of this theory are \cite{Sinai}, \cite{Bowen1975} and David Ruelle, who wrote in \cite{Ruelle}: ``thermodynamic formalism has been developed since G. W. Gibbs to describe [...] physical sys...
{'timestamp': '2018-06-19T02:05:06', 'yymm': '1806', 'arxiv_id': '1806.06186', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.06186'}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec: intro} Let us consider the following continuous multidimensional white noise model: \begin{equation}\label{eq:Mdl} {\small Y(t_1,\ldots,t_d)=\sqrt{n}\int_{0}^{t_1}\ldots\int_{0}^{t_d} f(s_1,\ldots,s_d)\; ds_d \ldots ds_1 + W(t_1,\ldots,t_d),} \end{equation} for $(t_1,\ldots,t_d) \in...
{'timestamp': '2018-06-07T02:14:19', 'yymm': '1806', 'arxiv_id': '1806.02194', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.02194'}
\section{Introduction} In this essay we introduce fractal transformations. The main examples are fascinating mappings between diverse subsets of $\mathbb{R}^{2}$; they can be readily illustrated by using the chaos game. Fractal transformations can be quicky grasped because they rely on basic notions in topology, proba...
{'timestamp': '2007-03-14T13:44:54', 'yymm': '0703', 'arxiv_id': 'math/0703398', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0703398'}
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{erahertz} (THz) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) are the key technologies for beyond 5G and next generation (6G) wireless communications, which can enable ultra-high data-rate communications and improve date security \cite{mmwaveSurvey,NatureShuping}. However, the severe propagati...
{'timestamp': '2020-05-28T02:20:30', 'yymm': '2005', 'arxiv_id': '2005.13451', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13451'}
\subsubsection*{Organisation of the paper} The paper is organised as follows. In Section~\ref{sec-def}, we briefly recall the basic properties of hyperbolic groups which we will need, and we introduce Markov compacta. Section~\ref{sec-typy} contains auxiliary facts regarding mainly the \textit{conical} and \textit{bal...
{'timestamp': '2015-03-17T01:14:04', 'yymm': '1503', 'arxiv_id': '1503.04577', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.04577'}
\chapter{Assembly, Installation and Engineering Issues} \label{ch:AssemblyAndInstallation} \input{AssemblyAndInstallation/chapter12.1.tex} \input{AssemblyAndInstallation/chapter12.2.tex} \input{AssemblyAndInstallation/chapter12.3.tex} \input{AssemblyAndInstallation/chapter12.4.tex} \input{AssemblyAndInstallation/c...
{'timestamp': '2015-09-29T02:17:39', 'yymm': '1508', 'arxiv_id': '1508.07166', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.07166'}
\section{Introduction} ``\emph{Sometimes a picture is worth the proverbial thousand words; sometimes a few well-chosen words are far more effective than a picture}'' -- \cite{feiner1991automating}. Modeling how visual and linguistic information can jointly contribute to coherent and effective communication is a longsta...
{'timestamp': '2019-04-17T02:17:52', 'yymm': '1904', 'arxiv_id': '1904.06286', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.06286'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:introduction} Due to the application in error-correction in randomized network coding \cite{KK08}, $q$-analogs of combinatorial designs have gained a lot of interest lately. Arguably the most important open problem in this field is the question of the existence of a $2$-$(7,3,1)_q$ de...
{'timestamp': '2015-07-17T02:08:21', 'yymm': '1501', 'arxiv_id': '1501.07790', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.07790'}
\section{Introduction} Spin Glasses (SGs) are models whose mean field (MF) version \cite{SK} undergoes a phase transition, crossing a critical line in the temperature-field $(T-h)$ plane. The solution of the MF problem sees the introduction of replicas of the original system as a mathematical trick to perform computa...
{'timestamp': '2018-02-01T02:07:14', 'yymm': '1708', 'arxiv_id': '1708.09581', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09581'}
\section{Introduction: a brief overview on cold molecules} \label{sec:introduction_a_brief_overview_on_cold_molecules} The research field on translationally cold ($\approx 1$K and lower) and ultracold ($\approx 1$mK and lower) molecules is continuously expanding in many directions, involving an increasing number of g...
{'timestamp': '2009-02-17T08:25:47', 'yymm': '0902', 'arxiv_id': '0902.2845', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0902.2845'}
\section{Introduction} In the evolution of a star, when the radius of a star becomes less than a certain limit, called the Schwarzschild radius $R_{Sch}=2GM/c^2$, where M is the mass of the object; $G$, Newton's universal gravitational constant, and $c$, velocity of light; neither light nor material particles can e...
{'timestamp': '2007-03-18T15:31:53', 'yymm': '0703', 'arxiv_id': 'physics/0703173', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0703173'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Let $G$ be a simply-connected, simple compact Lie group. Principal $G$-bundles over $S^{4}$ are classified by the value of the second Chern class, which can take any integer value. Let \(\namedright{P_{k}}{}{S^{4}}\) represent the equivalence class of principal $G$-bundle w...
{'timestamp': '2019-09-12T02:11:50', 'yymm': '1909', 'arxiv_id': '1909.04643', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.04643'}
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Geometric Langlands duality as originally formulated by Beilinson and Drinfeld \cite{BD} is a relationship between categories associated to moduli spaces of fields on a Riemann surface $C$. Many ingredients that enter in formulating and analyzing this duality are familiar in quan...
{'timestamp': '2021-08-10T02:35:07', 'yymm': '2107', 'arxiv_id': '2107.01732', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01732'}
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Dispersive shock waves~(DSWs) are widespread nonlinear phenomena in physics, from hydrodynamics~\cite{1966Peregrine,1988Smyth,2016Maiden} to acoustics~\cite{1970Taylor}, from Bose-Einstein condensates~\cite{2004Damski,2004Kamchatnov,2004Perez,2005Simula,2006Hoefer,2008Chang} to ...
{'timestamp': '2019-09-11T02:17:54', 'yymm': '1909', 'arxiv_id': '1909.04506', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.04506'}
\section{Introduction} \noindent Let $(M,g)$ be a Lorentzian spacetime and $(N,h)$ a Riemannian manifold. In this paper, we study wave maps $u:(M,g) \longrightarrow (N,h)$, that is, critical points of the geometric action functional \begin{align*} S_{g}[u]:=\frac{1}{2} \int _{M} |d_{g} u|^{2}~d \mu_{g}. \end{align*}...
{'timestamp': '2017-06-26T02:04:02', 'yymm': '1701', 'arxiv_id': '1701.05082', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.05082'}
\section{Introduction} In the standard flare scenario \citepads[e.g.,][]{1996ApJ...466.1054M} the energy release of the primary flare (primary magnetic reconnection) takes place in the current sheet below a rising magnetic rope. Here, the plasmoids (the secondary magnetic ropes in 3D), which are a natural outcome of t...
{'timestamp': '2013-06-24T02:02:02', 'yymm': '1306', 'arxiv_id': '1306.5155', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.5155'}
\subsubsection*{References}} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{url} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{nicefrac} \usepackage{microtype} \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{mat...
{'timestamp': '2022-11-22T02:03:44', 'yymm': '2211', 'arxiv_id': '2211.10564', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10564'}
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a compact, connected and simple Lie group with group unit $e\in G . \textsl{The inverse involution} on $G$ is the periodic $2$ transformation \gamma $ sending each group element $g\in G$ to its inverse $g^{-1}\in G$. In this paper we present a general procedure to calculate the is...
{'timestamp': '2013-12-17T02:10:54', 'yymm': '1312', 'arxiv_id': '1312.4229', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.4229'}
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{intro} In large part, we are aware of the principal processes that create free electrons in otherwise completely neutral parts of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the disk of our Galaxy. However, for some of the contributing factors, ones that either enhance or diminish the relati...
{'timestamp': '2013-01-16T02:00:12', 'yymm': '1301', 'arxiv_id': '1301.3144', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3144'}
\section{Introduction} Every quantitative analysis of the primordial black hole (PBH) number and mass spectrum \cite{carr75} requires knowledge of the threshold parameter, $\delta_{\rm c}$, separating perturbations that form black holes from those that do not, and the resulting black hole mass, $M_{\rm bh}$, as a func...
{'timestamp': '1998-06-02T23:53:40', 'yymm': '9806', 'arxiv_id': 'astro-ph/9806043', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9806043'}
\section{Introduction} $\quad$Cosmic muons are the important contributors to background processes when search for the conversion of a muon to an electron\cite{come,mu2e}. Cosmic ray veto geometry surrounding the detectors and stopping target should be carefully eliminated this background. Passive and active sh...
{'timestamp': '2020-07-09T02:10:07', 'yymm': '2007', 'arxiv_id': '2007.03921', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.03921'}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Membrane remodeling is required for critical cellular processes including endocytosis, formation of multivesicular bodies, retrograde trafficking and exosome formation. Viruses and other pathogens also reshape cellular membranes during different stages of their lifecycles includ...
{'timestamp': '2017-07-27T02:00:38', 'yymm': '1706', 'arxiv_id': '1706.04867', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.04867'}
\section{Introduction} Recent advances in neural Natural Language Processing (NLP) have pushed the frontiers. In particular, transformer-architecture-based models \cite{transformer} surpassed human performance in various NLP benchmarks such as SQuAD2.0 \cite{rajpurkar-etal-2018-know}, GLUE \cite{wang-etal-2018-glue},...
{'timestamp': '2022-03-21T01:27:15', 'yymm': '2203', 'arxiv_id': '2203.09963', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.09963'}
\chapter*{Introduction : fonctions trigonométriques et symboles modulaires} Comme Eisenstein l'explique lui-même dans \cite{Eisenstein}, sa méthode pour construire des fonctions elliptiques s'applique de manière élégante au cas plus simple des fonctions trigonométriques. C'est par là que débute le livre que Weil \ci...
{'timestamp': '2023-01-24T02:12:15', 'yymm': '2301', 'arxiv_id': '2301.09118', 'language': 'fr', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.09118'}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} \subsection{Background} The Voronoi diagram (the Voronoi tessellation, the Voronoi decomposition, the Dirichlet tessellation) is one of the basic structures in computational geometry. Roughly speaking, it is a certain decomposition of a given space $X$ into cells, induced by ...
{'timestamp': '2011-04-08T02:00:21', 'yymm': '1103', 'arxiv_id': '1103.4125', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.4125'}
\section{Introduction} The Land\'{e} g-factor or gyromagnetic factor $g$ is described by the formula between particle's magnetic moment $\vec{\mu}$ and it's spin $\vec{s}$: $\vec{\mu}=g (\mu_{B} / \hbar)\vec{s}$ where $\mu_{B}$ is the Bohr magneton. In the Dirac equation, the value of $g$ is $2$ for a point-like parti...
{'timestamp': '2014-02-11T02:08:52', 'yymm': '1306', 'arxiv_id': '1306.5620', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.5620'}
\section{Introduction} In this paper I will discuss an old, well-known and apparently \textquotedblleft insignificant\textquotedblright\ problem that lies in the foundation of the relativistic quantum mechanics or, more precisely, in the foundation of the quantum electrodynamics. A story starts with the celebrated pap...
{'timestamp': '2005-04-01T17:29:51', 'yymm': '0504', 'arxiv_id': 'physics/0504008', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0504008'}
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Shahriar~S.~Afshar~\cite{afshar1,afshar2,afshar3} has recently performed a variant of Young's two-slit experiment, in which he claims to have demonstrated the falsification of the celebrated Bohr complementarity principle, and thereby, the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mec...
{'timestamp': '2010-06-08T02:02:44', 'yymm': '0504', 'arxiv_id': 'quant-ph/0504115', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0504115'}
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that the positive energy theorems ensure the energies of the solutions approaching AdS spacetime globally cannot be negative\cite{Yau,Witten,Gibbons}% . However, if the considering spacetimes are locally asymptotically AdS but not globally, the positive energy theorem may not ho...
{'timestamp': '2009-05-21T06:38:16', 'yymm': '0904', 'arxiv_id': '0904.1250', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0904.1250'}
\section{Introduction} Modeling the folding phenomena of surfaces, as well as the study of its regular patterns such as mathematical origami, has attracted lots of interests in computer graphics, material design as well as mathematics. Recent examples include origamizing surfaces \cite{demaine2017origamizer}, material...
{'timestamp': '2019-01-09T02:04:49', 'yymm': '1804', 'arxiv_id': '1804.03936', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.03936'}
\section{Introduction} Based on ideas of Misra \cite{mis74}, it was essentially the late S. Bugajski who recognized that the statistical (probabilistic) framework of quantum mechanics can be understood as a reduced classical probability theory on the projective Hilbert space $ \ph $ \cite{bug91;93a-d,bel95a;b,hol82,st...
{'timestamp': '2007-08-09T05:30:14', 'yymm': '0708', 'arxiv_id': '0708.1208', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.1208'}
\section{Supplemental Material} \setcounter{page}{1} \subsection{Determination of State Populations} Our photon-count histograms are well approximated as a weighted sum of three Poissonians (a two-parameter probability mass function, because the three weights $P_2$, $P_1$, and $P_0$ must add up to unity). These three P...
{'timestamp': '2021-10-19T02:40:03', 'yymm': '2105', 'arxiv_id': '2105.05828', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.05828'}
\section{Introduction} The prospects for new physics searches at the LHC and other future colliders are already constrained by rare processes that are sensitive to small deviations from the Standard Model. A prime example of such a low-energy constraint is $b \to s \gamma$ decay \cite{bsg,bsgth}. This, the anomalous m...
{'timestamp': '2005-11-01T23:56:33', 'yymm': '0504', 'arxiv_id': 'hep-ph/0504196', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0504196'}
\section{Introduction} The first report of a detection of \igr\ in the hard X-ray band is found in the {\it INTEGRAL}/IBIS all-sky survey catalogues, which are based on data taken before the end of 2006 \citep{krivonos07,bird07}. At that time, its nature was unknown, other than it was a transient source, detected dur...
{'timestamp': '2013-11-14T02:06:54', 'yymm': '1311', 'arxiv_id': '1311.3093', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.3093'}
\subsection{Band structure and Fermi surface} The evolution of the band structure as a function of pressure is presented in FIG.~\ref{bands}, showing no qualitative change in the electronic states at the Fermi surface up to about 38.8 GPa. From 56.7~GPa to 78.4~GPa, we observe some changes along the $\Gamma$-H and $\G...
{'timestamp': '2006-02-07T13:25:56', 'yymm': '0504', 'arxiv_id': 'cond-mat/0504077', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0504077'}
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\sc}} \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\sc}} \makeatother \newcommand{\newcommand}{\newcommand} \newcommand{\renewcommand}{\renewcommand} \n...
{'timestamp': '2008-04-04T17:24:07', 'yymm': '0708', 'arxiv_id': '0708.0321', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.0321'}
\section*{Dynamical Behaviour of $O$ in Lattice Gases} The dynamical behaviour of the anisotropic order parameter $m$ [see Eq.~\eqref{eq:def-m} in the Letter] following a quench to the critical point is well described by the Gaussian theory for all the three lattice gas models studied, $i.e.,$ driven lattice gas with...
{'timestamp': '2017-02-16T02:07:38', 'yymm': '1607', 'arxiv_id': '1607.01689', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.01689'}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The ATLAS and CMS collaborations at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have recently discovered a new bosonic resonance of mass around 125 GeV \cite{:2012gk, ATLAS:science,:2012gu,CMS:science, :2012br}. Measuring its coupling to different Standard Model (SM) particles and establishin...
{'timestamp': '2014-11-11T02:10:24', 'yymm': '1411', 'arxiv_id': '1411.2210', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.2210'}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Let ${\mathbf{A}}$ be an $m$-by-$n$ real-valued matrix with singular value decomposition (SVD) \begin{equation*} {\mathbf{A}}=[{\mathbf{U}} \,\, {\mathbf{U}}_{\perp} ] \left[ \begin{array}{c c} \boldsymbol{\Sigma}_1 & 0 \\ 0 & \boldsymbol{\Sigma}_2 \end{array} \right] ...
{'timestamp': '2020-11-23T02:07:14', 'yymm': '2008', 'arxiv_id': '2008.01312', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.01312'}
\section{Introduction}\vspace*{-2.8mm} \label{sec:intro} As the number of skilled maintenance workers decreases worldwide, the demand for automatic sound-monitoring system has been increasing. Such systems aim to detect anomalous states of a machine from its sound. Because anomalous sound data can rarely be obtained ...
{'timestamp': '2021-11-15T02:06:23', 'yymm': '2111', 'arxiv_id': '2111.06539', 'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06539'}