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. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "774 F.2d 530, 538",
"parenthetical": "testimony regarding defendant's apparent lack of surprise when arrested and given Miranda warnings violated due process",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's app... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "944 F.2d 1563, 1568",
"parenthetical": "dicta that government may reference defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence without raising constitutional questions",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Cir.1985) (testimony of defendants' pre-a... | 3,752,988 | a |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "205 F.3d 269, 283",
"parenthetical": "\"use of a defendant's prearrest silence as substantive evidence of guilt violates the Fifth Amendment\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's apparent lack of s... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "637 F.2d 869, 876",
"parenthetical": "noting in dicta \"we have found no decision permitting the use of silence, even the silence of a suspect who has been given no Miranda warnings and is entitled to none, as part of the Government's direct case\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g.... | 3,752,988 | a |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "408 F.3d 1102, 1111",
"parenthetical": "comment on defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence permissible as substantive government evidence where defendant was under no official compulsion to speak",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Ci... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "205 F.3d 269, 283",
"parenthetical": "\"use of a defendant's prearrest silence as substantive evidence of guilt violates the Fifth Amendment\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's apparent lack of s... | 3,752,988 | b |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "944 F.2d 1563, 1568",
"parenthetical": "dicta that government may reference defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence without raising constitutional questions",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Cir.1985) (testimony of defendants' pre-a... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "205 F.3d 269, 283",
"parenthetical": "\"use of a defendant's prearrest silence as substantive evidence of guilt violates the Fifth Amendment\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's apparent lack of s... | 3,752,988 | b |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "269 F.3d 1023, 1033",
"parenthetical": "district court erred in allowing government to comment on defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's apparent lack of s... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "637 F.2d 869, 876",
"parenthetical": "noting in dicta \"we have found no decision permitting the use of silence, even the silence of a suspect who has been given no Miranda warnings and is entitled to none, as part of the Government's direct case\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g.... | 3,752,988 | a |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "269 F.3d 1023, 1033",
"parenthetical": "district court erred in allowing government to comment on defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's apparent lack of s... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "408 F.3d 1102, 1111",
"parenthetical": "comment on defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence permissible as substantive government evidence where defendant was under no official compulsion to speak",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Ci... | 3,752,988 | a |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "944 F.2d 1563, 1568",
"parenthetical": "dicta that government may reference defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence without raising constitutional questions",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Cir.1985) (testimony of defendants' pre-a... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "269 F.3d 1023, 1033",
"parenthetical": "district court erred in allowing government to comment on defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's apparent lack of s... | 3,752,988 | b |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "952 F.2d 1196, 1200-01",
"parenthetical": "admission into evidence of defendant's pre-arrest, pre-Miranda refusal to answer questions constituted plain error",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's app... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "637 F.2d 869, 876",
"parenthetical": "noting in dicta \"we have found no decision permitting the use of silence, even the silence of a suspect who has been given no Miranda warnings and is entitled to none, as part of the Government's direct case\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g.... | 3,752,988 | a |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "408 F.3d 1102, 1111",
"parenthetical": "comment on defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence permissible as substantive government evidence where defendant was under no official compulsion to speak",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Ci... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "952 F.2d 1196, 1200-01",
"parenthetical": "admission into evidence of defendant's pre-arrest, pre-Miranda refusal to answer questions constituted plain error",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's app... | 3,752,988 | b |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "944 F.2d 1563, 1568",
"parenthetical": "dicta that government may reference defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence without raising constitutional questions",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Cir.1985) (testimony of defendants' pre-a... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "952 F.2d 1196, 1200-01",
"parenthetical": "admission into evidence of defendant's pre-arrest, pre-Miranda refusal to answer questions constituted plain error",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Elkins, 774 F.2d 530, 538 (1st Cir.1985) (testimony regarding defendant's app... | 3,752,988 | b |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "637 F.2d 869, 876",
"parenthetical": "noting in dicta \"we have found no decision permitting the use of silence, even the silence of a suspect who has been given no Miranda warnings and is entitled to none, as part of the Government's direct case\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g.... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "408 F.3d 1102, 1111",
"parenthetical": "comment on defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence permissible as substantive government evidence where defendant was under no official compulsion to speak",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Ci... | 3,752,988 | a |
. The issue of whether a defendant's pre-Miranda silence may be used as substantive evidence of guilt in the prosecution's case-in-chief has divided the circuits. The majority hold that such use is not constitutionally permissible. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "637 F.2d 869, 876",
"parenthetical": "noting in dicta \"we have found no decision permitting the use of silence, even the silence of a suspect who has been given no Miranda warnings and is entitled to none, as part of the Government's direct case\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g.... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "944 F.2d 1563, 1568",
"parenthetical": "dicta that government may reference defendant's post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence without raising constitutional questions",
"sentence": "But cf. United States v. Love, 767 F.2d 1052, 1063 (4th Cir.1985) (testimony of defendants' pre-a... | 3,752,988 | a |
Dist. Ct. Op. at 27; JA 134. The "ignored her client's wishes" reference, however, is an oblique one because it comes at the end of a paragraph that discusses only specific instances in which trial counsel failed to adhere to Coddington's wishes and because it never says Coddington specifically instructed his appellate... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "528 U.S. 470, 478",
"parenthetical": "\"If counsel has consulted with the defendant, the question of deficient performance is easily answered: Counsel performs in a professionally unreasonable manner only by failing to follow the defendant's express instructions with respect to a... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "334 F.3d 520, 525-26",
"parenthetical": "attorney's performance not deficient when client expressed a desire to appeal, but did not expressly instruct her attorney to do so",
"sentence": "See Roe v. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. 470, 478, 120 S.Ct. 1029, 145 L.Ed.2d 985 (2000) (... | 168,694 | a |
Dist. Ct. Op. at 27; JA 134. The "ignored her client's wishes" reference, however, is an oblique one because it comes at the end of a paragraph that discusses only specific instances in which trial counsel failed to adhere to Coddington's wishes and because it never says Coddington specifically instructed his appellate... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "\"If counsel has consulted with the defendant, the question of deficient performance is easily answered: Counsel performs in a professionally unreasonable manner only by failing to follow the defendant's express instructions with respect to an appeal.\"",
... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "334 F.3d 520, 525-26",
"parenthetical": "attorney's performance not deficient when client expressed a desire to appeal, but did not expressly instruct her attorney to do so",
"sentence": "See Roe v. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. 470, 478, 120 S.Ct. 1029, 145 L.Ed.2d 985 (2000) (... | 168,694 | a |
Dist. Ct. Op. at 27; JA 134. The "ignored her client's wishes" reference, however, is an oblique one because it comes at the end of a paragraph that discusses only specific instances in which trial counsel failed to adhere to Coddington's wishes and because it never says Coddington specifically instructed his appellate... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "334 F.3d 520, 525-26",
"parenthetical": "attorney's performance not deficient when client expressed a desire to appeal, but did not expressly instruct her attorney to do so",
"sentence": "See Roe v. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. 470, 478, 120 S.Ct. 1029, 145 L.Ed.2d 985 (2000) (... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "\"If counsel has consulted with the defendant, the question of deficient performance is easily answered: Counsel performs in a professionally unreasonable manner only by failing to follow the defendant's express instructions with respect to an appeal.\"",
... | 168,694 | b |
As such, claim 10 is inconsistent with claim 1 and, indeed, contradicts claim 1. A dependent claim that contradicts, rather than harrows, the claim from which it depends is invalid. See 35 U.S.C. SS 112(d) (requiring that "a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then spec... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "811 F.3d 1359, 1366-67",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that were internally contradictory were invalid as indefinite",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claiming subject matter ... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92",
"parenthetical": "holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. SS 112 P 4 for claiming subject matter that was \"non-overlapping\" with the claim from which it depended",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a cla... | 6,055,794 | b |
As such, claim 10 is inconsistent with claim 1 and, indeed, contradicts claim 1. A dependent claim that contradicts, rather than harrows, the claim from which it depends is invalid. See 35 U.S.C. SS 112(d) (requiring that "a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then spec... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "299 F.3d 1336, 1349",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that contradicted the specification were invalid as indefinite",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claiming subject matter th... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92",
"parenthetical": "holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. SS 112 P 4 for claiming subject matter that was \"non-overlapping\" with the claim from which it depended",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a cla... | 6,055,794 | b |
As such, claim 10 is inconsistent with claim 1 and, indeed, contradicts claim 1. A dependent claim that contradicts, rather than harrows, the claim from which it depends is invalid. See 35 U.S.C. SS 112(d) (requiring that "a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then spec... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92",
"parenthetical": "holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. SS 112 P 4 for claiming subject matter that was \"non-overlapping\" with the claim from which it depended",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a cla... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "190 F.3d 1350, 1357",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that contradicted the specification were invalid as indefinite",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claiming subject matter th... | 6,055,794 | a |
As such, claim 10 is inconsistent with claim 1 and, indeed, contradicts claim 1. A dependent claim that contradicts, rather than harrows, the claim from which it depends is invalid. See 35 U.S.C. SS 112(d) (requiring that "a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then spec... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "438 F.3d 1374, 1380",
"parenthetical": "noting that a dependent claim can be invalid for failing to comply with pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. SS 112 P 4",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claimin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "811 F.3d 1359, 1366-67",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that were internally contradictory were invalid as indefinite",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claiming subject matter ... | 6,055,794 | a |
As such, claim 10 is inconsistent with claim 1 and, indeed, contradicts claim 1. A dependent claim that contradicts, rather than harrows, the claim from which it depends is invalid. See 35 U.S.C. SS 112(d) (requiring that "a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then spec... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "299 F.3d 1336, 1349",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that contradicted the specification were invalid as indefinite",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claiming subject matter th... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "438 F.3d 1374, 1380",
"parenthetical": "noting that a dependent claim can be invalid for failing to comply with pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. SS 112 P 4",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claimin... | 6,055,794 | b |
As such, claim 10 is inconsistent with claim 1 and, indeed, contradicts claim 1. A dependent claim that contradicts, rather than harrows, the claim from which it depends is invalid. See 35 U.S.C. SS 112(d) (requiring that "a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then spec... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "190 F.3d 1350, 1357",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that contradicted the specification were invalid as indefinite",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claiming subject matter th... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "438 F.3d 1374, 1380",
"parenthetical": "noting that a dependent claim can be invalid for failing to comply with pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. SS 112 P 4",
"sentence": "Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (holding a claim invalid under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 4 for claimin... | 6,055,794 | b |
In the absence of a reasonable expectation of privacy, law enforcement officials are free to conduct a warrantless search notwithstanding whether the search is also justified by exigent circumstances or some other exception to the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment. Prisoners have little, if any, reasonable ex... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "curtailment of certain rights is necessary, as a practical matter, to accommodate a myriad of institutional needs and objectives of prison facilities, chief among which is internal security",
"sentence": "People v. Salaz, 953 P.2d 1275 (Colo.1998); see Un... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "defendant had no justifiable expectation that her conversations in jail with her husband were private",
"sentence": "People v. Salaz, 953 P.2d 1275 (Colo.1998); see United States v. Peoples, 71 F.Supp.2d 967 (W.D.Mo.1999)(curtailment of certain right... | 9,224,545 | a |
In the absence of a reasonable expectation of privacy, law enforcement officials are free to conduct a warrantless search notwithstanding whether the search is also justified by exigent circumstances or some other exception to the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment. Prisoners have little, if any, reasonable ex... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "curtailment of certain rights is necessary, as a practical matter, to accommodate a myriad of institutional needs and objectives of prison facilities, chief among which is internal security",
"sentence": "People v. Salaz, 953 P.2d 1275 (Colo.1998); see Un... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "defendant had no justifiable expectation that her conversations in jail with her husband were private",
"sentence": "People v. Salaz, 953 P.2d 1275 (Colo.1998); see United States v. Peoples, 71 F.Supp.2d 967 (W.D.Mo.1999)(curtailment of certain right... | 9,224,545 | a |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "459 F.3d 618, 623",
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in ... | 4,031,147 | a |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "373 F.3d 952, 973",
"parenthetical": "\"The entry fiction is best seen ... as a fairly narrow doctrine that primarily determines the procedures that the executive branch must follow before turning an immigrant away.\" (emphasis in original",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng Ma... | 4,031,147 | a |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "459 F.3d 618, 623",
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "373 F.3d 952, 973",
"parenthetical": "\"The entry fiction is best seen ... as a fairly narrow doctrine that primarily determines the procedures that the executive branch must follow before turning an immigrant away.\" (emphasis in original",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng Ma... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "459 F.3d 618, 623",
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "373 F.3d 952, 973",
"parenthetical": "\"The entry fiction is best seen ... as a fairly narrow doctrine that primarily determines the procedures that the executive branch must follow before turning an immigrant away.\" (emphasis in original",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng Ma... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that temporary parole in United States while alien's admissibility was being determined did not entitle alien to benefit of statute giving Attorney General authority to withhold deportation of any alien \"within the United States\" if alien would... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "459 F.3d 618, 623",
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "413 F.2d 644, 647",
"parenthetical": "noting that \"since a parole does not constitute an admission into the United States ... th[e] appeal involve[d] an exclusion ... rather than an expulsion\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.E... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "413 F.2d 644, 647",
"parenthetical": "noting that \"since a parole does not constitute an admission into the United States ... th[e] appeal involve[d] an exclusion ... rather than an expulsion\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.E... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | 4,031,147 | a |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "413 F.2d 644, 647",
"parenthetical": "noting that \"since a parole does not constitute an admission into the United States ... th[e] appeal involve[d] an exclusion ... rather than an expulsion\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.E... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "373 F.3d 952, 973",
"parenthetical": "\"The entry fiction is best seen ... as a fairly narrow doctrine that primarily determines the procedures that the executive branch must follow before turning an immigrant away.\" (emphasis in original",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng Ma... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "413 F.2d 644, 647",
"parenthetical": "noting that \"since a parole does not constitute an admission into the United States ... th[e] appeal involve[d] an exclusion ... rather than an expulsion\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.E... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "179 F.2d 628, 630",
"parenthetical": "alien stopped at the border and detained on Ellis Island \"is not 'in the United States' ... [and therefore] is not entitled to naturalization\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "459 F.3d 618, 623",
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in ... | 4,031,147 | a |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "179 F.2d 628, 630",
"parenthetical": "alien stopped at the border and detained on Ellis Island \"is not 'in the United States' ... [and therefore] is not entitled to naturalization\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting appli cation of the entry fiction to Bivens claims involving the use of excessive force",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1958) (concluding that temporary parole in United States w... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "179 F.2d 628, 630",
"parenthetical": "alien stopped at the border and detained on Ellis Island \"is not 'in the United States' ... [and therefore] is not entitled to naturalization\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1... | 4,031,147 | b |
. The Supreme Court's decisions and our own invoke the entry fiction in cases related to the determination of an alien's immigration status, and the procedural due process to which an alien is entitled by virtue of that status, not cases adjudicating alleged violations of an alien's substantive due process rights durin... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "179 F.2d 628, 630",
"parenthetical": "alien stopped at the border and detained on Ellis Island \"is not 'in the United States' ... [and therefore] is not entitled to naturalization\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185, 78 S.Ct. 1072, 2 L.Ed.2d 1246 (1... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "373 F.3d 952, 973",
"parenthetical": "\"The entry fiction is best seen ... as a fairly narrow doctrine that primarily determines the procedures that the executive branch must follow before turning an immigrant away.\" (emphasis in original",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Leng Ma... | 4,031,147 | a |
The wrongful discharge statute states quite clearly that it is remedial. The very title conveys this fact: "Indemnity for Discharge Without Just Cause". The Puerto Rico Supreme Court has also confirmed this fact. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that section 185a of Title 29 is remedial in nature",
"sentence": "Beauchamp v. Holsum Bakers of P.R., 116 D.P.R. 522 (1985) (holding that section 185a of Title 29 is remedial in nature). Because the wrongful termination statute is meant to ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "865 F.2d 1331, 1345",
"parenthetical": "\"a plaintiff is entitled to only one full recovery, no matter how many legal grounds may support the verdict\"",
"sentence": "See Freeman v. Package Machinery Co., 865 F.2d 1331, 1345 (1st Cir.1988) (“a plaintiff is entitled to only one ... | 7,403,759 | a |
These waiver principles apply to unpreserved constitutional claims for good reason. The narrow Golding exception to the general rule that a reviewing court will not consider a claim not previously raised at trial is justified by the overriding importance of protecting the fundamental constitutional rights of the accuse... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "165 Conn. 61, 70",
"parenthetical": "predecessor to Golding identified \" 'exceptional circumstance' \" that arises when \"the record adequately supports a claim that a litigant has clearly been deprived of a fundamental constitutional right and a fair trial\"",
"sentence"... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "explaining \"exceptional\" circumstance presented by unpreserved claim of constitutional violation if record sufficient for review",
"sentence": "See State v. Golding, supra, 213 Conn. 238-39 (explaining “exceptional” circumstance presented by unpreserved... | 4,343,690 | b |
These waiver principles apply to unpreserved constitutional claims for good reason. The narrow Golding exception to the general rule that a reviewing court will not consider a claim not previously raised at trial is justified by the overriding importance of protecting the fundamental constitutional rights of the accuse... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "predecessor to Golding identified \" 'exceptional circumstance' \" that arises when \"the record adequately supports a claim that a litigant has clearly been deprived of a fundamental constitutional right and a fair trial\"",
"sentence": "See State v... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "explaining \"exceptional\" circumstance presented by unpreserved claim of constitutional violation if record sufficient for review",
"sentence": "See State v. Golding, supra, 213 Conn. 238-39 (explaining “exceptional” circumstance presented by unpreserved... | 4,343,690 | b |
We therefore endeavor to set forth the procedures to be used in reviewing a claim concerning the crime-fraud exception and the type of evidence permissible for a threshold factual showing in future cases. The proponent of the exception may, in appropriate circumstances, request an in camera review of the privileged inf... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "where concerns for secrecy are weak, in camera proceeding may not be justified",
"sentence": "Id., 570-71; see also In re John Doe, Inc., supra, 13 F.3d 636 (where concerns for secrecy are weak, in camera proceeding may not be justified). We have per... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "concluding that neither Federal Rules of Evidence nor federal common law prohibits party opposing privilege on crime-fraud grounds from relying on in camera review of communications",
"sentence": "See United States v. Zolin, supra, 491 U.S. 568-69 (conclu... | 1,116,759 | b |
Attorney fees are awarded when the defendant commits "truly egregious, purposeful infringement, or other purposeful wrongdoing." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "no attorney fees when defendant made a conscious effort to create elements of dissimilarity between products",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question of functionality was close enough to remove the case ... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "13 F.3d 1159, 1159",
"parenthetical": "no attorney fees when \"the question of functionality was close enough to remove the case from the ambit of an 'exceptional case' \"",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question of functiona... | 11,529,462 | b |
Attorney fees are awarded when the defendant commits "truly egregious, purposeful infringement, or other purposeful wrongdoing." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "13 F.3d 1159, 1159",
"parenthetical": "no attorney fees when \"the question of functionality was close enough to remove the case from the ambit of an 'exceptional case' \"",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question of functiona... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "754 F.2d 746, 746",
"parenthetical": "the defendant's 'targeting' of the plaintiff in its literature created exceptional case for attorney fees",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question of functionality was close enough to remove th... | 11,529,462 | a |
Attorney fees are awarded when the defendant commits "truly egregious, purposeful infringement, or other purposeful wrongdoing." | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "874 F.2d 431, 435, 437",
"parenthetical": "upholding attorney fee award when the defendants were \"holding the trademark hostage as a bargaining tactic\" and litigated the suit in bad faith",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question ... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "13 F.3d 1159, 1159",
"parenthetical": "no attorney fees when \"the question of functionality was close enough to remove the case from the ambit of an 'exceptional case' \"",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question of functiona... | 11,529,462 | b |
Attorney fees are awarded when the defendant commits "truly egregious, purposeful infringement, or other purposeful wrongdoing." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "no attorney fees when defendant made a conscious effort to create elements of dissimilarity between products",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question of functionality was close enough to remove the case ... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "754 F.2d 746, 746",
"parenthetical": "the defendant's 'targeting' of the plaintiff in its literature created exceptional case for attorney fees",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question of functionality was close enough to remove th... | 11,529,462 | a |
Attorney fees are awarded when the defendant commits "truly egregious, purposeful infringement, or other purposeful wrongdoing." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "no attorney fees when defendant made a conscious effort to create elements of dissimilarity between products",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question of functionality was close enough to remove the case ... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "874 F.2d 431, 435, 437",
"parenthetical": "upholding attorney fee award when the defendants were \"holding the trademark hostage as a bargaining tactic\" and litigated the suit in bad faith",
"sentence": "Badger Meter, Inc., 13 F.3d at 1159 (no attorney fees when “the question ... | 11,529,462 | a |
While Jiang argues that the evidence he submitted demonstrates that he will be subject to China's family planning policy for having two children, the BIA reasonably gave little or no evidentiary weight to Jiang's documents in light of the adverse credibility determination that was made in his underlying proceedings. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "500 F.3d 143, 146-48",
"parenthetical": "holding that the BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying a motion to reopen supported by allegedly unavailable evidence regarding changed country conditions where there had been a previous adverse credibility finding in the underlying ... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "471 F.3d 315, 342",
"parenthetical": "finding that the weight afforded to the applicant's evidence in immigration proceedings lies largely within the discretion of the agency",
"sentence": "See Qin Wen Zheng v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 143, 146-48 (2d Cir.2007) (holding that the... | 3,991,764 | a |
the Ninth Circuit consistently characterizes the EEOC's pre-litigation requirements under 42 U.S.C. SS 2000e-5(b) as jurisdictional limitations to EEOC's initiating civil actions in federal court. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that the EEOC cannot \" 'leapfrog[ ]' Title VII administrative procedures, which serve as jurisdictional prerequisites, by bringing an action to enforce a predetermination settlement agreement.\" (quoting Pierce Packing, 669 F.2d at 609",
"sen... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "669 F.2d 607, 607",
"parenthetical": "\"Genuine investigation, reasonable cause determination and conciliation are jurisdictional conditions precedent to suit by the EEOC....\"",
"sentence": "Pierce Packing, 669 F.2d at 607 (“Genuine investigation, reasonable cause determ... | 4,319,422 | b |
the Ninth Circuit consistently characterizes the EEOC's pre-litigation requirements under 42 U.S.C. SS 2000e-5(b) as jurisdictional limitations to EEOC's initiating civil actions in federal court. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "669 F.2d 609, 609",
"parenthetical": "noting that the EEOC cannot \" 'leapfrog[ ]' Title VII administrative procedures, which serve as jurisdictional prerequisites, by bringing an action to enforce a predetermination settlement agreement.\" (quoting Pierce Packing, 669 F.2d ... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "669 F.2d 607, 607",
"parenthetical": "\"Genuine investigation, reasonable cause determination and conciliation are jurisdictional conditions precedent to suit by the EEOC....\"",
"sentence": "Pierce Packing, 669 F.2d at 607 (“Genuine investigation, reasonable cause determ... | 4,319,422 | b |
the Ninth Circuit consistently characterizes the EEOC's pre-litigation requirements under 42 U.S.C. SS 2000e-5(b) as jurisdictional limitations to EEOC's initiating civil actions in federal court. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that the EEOC cannot \" 'leapfrog[ ]' Title VII administrative procedures, which serve as jurisdictional prerequisites, by bringing an action to enforce a predetermination settlement agreement.\" (quoting Pierce Packing, 669 F.2d at 609",
"sen... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "13 F.3d 285, 288",
"parenthetical": "\"Concili ation is a jurisdictional condition precedent to suit by the EEOC.\"",
"sentence": "Pierce Packing, 669 F.2d at 607 (“Genuine investigation, reasonable cause determination and conciliation are jurisdictional conditions preced... | 4,319,422 | b |
the Ninth Circuit consistently characterizes the EEOC's pre-litigation requirements under 42 U.S.C. SS 2000e-5(b) as jurisdictional limitations to EEOC's initiating civil actions in federal court. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "13 F.3d 285, 288",
"parenthetical": "\"Concili ation is a jurisdictional condition precedent to suit by the EEOC.\"",
"sentence": "Pierce Packing, 669 F.2d at 607 (“Genuine investigation, reasonable cause determination and conciliation are jurisdictional conditions preced... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "669 F.2d 609, 609",
"parenthetical": "noting that the EEOC cannot \" 'leapfrog[ ]' Title VII administrative procedures, which serve as jurisdictional prerequisites, by bringing an action to enforce a predetermination settlement agreement.\" (quoting Pierce Packing, 669 F.2d ... | 4,319,422 | a |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "452 U.S. 692, 705",
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. M... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "444 U.S. 85, 93-94",
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence"... | 3,689,006 | a |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mu... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "452 U.S. 692, 705",
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. M... | 3,689,006 | b |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "452 U.S. 692, 705",
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. M... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mu... | 3,689,006 | a |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 9... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "444 U.S. 85, 93-94",
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence"... | 3,689,006 | a |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 9... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mu... | 3,689,006 | a |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mu... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 9... | 3,689,006 | b |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 9... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "444 U.S. 85, 93-94",
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence"... | 3,689,006 | a |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mu... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 9... | 3,689,006 | b |
It appears the district court may have mistakenly applied the line of cases giving law enforcement officers authority to detain occupants of a home during the execution of a search warrant authorizing a search of the home, without any particularized suspicion of criminal activity by the individuals detained. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "search or frisk of occupants of residence during execution of search warrant is unlawful unless based upon a particularized, reasonable suspicion that the individual subjected to the pat-down search is armed and dangerous",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mu... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding \"that a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 9... | 3,689,006 | b |
. Although the parties similarly failed to propose it, we have considered remanding to the BIA for a precedential opinion in the first instance. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "remanding petitioner's appeal of BIA's streamlined affirmance of IJ's opinion to allow the BIA to address petitioner's novel issue of law, in the first instance, in a precedential opinion",
"sentence": "See Smriko, 387 F.3d 279 (remanding petitioner's app... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "607 F.3d 297, 300",
"parenthetical": "\"[S]ince here we determine that the text of the relevant statute is clear, and the only question presented on appeal is a purely legal one, remand to the BIA for precedential interpretation in the first instance is unnecessary.\"",
"s... | 3,787,926 | a |
A public proceeding on a record can serve as a check on malicious or wrongful conduct by commission members, and this militates in favor of granting the defendants absolute immunity. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "377 F.3d 157, 173",
"parenthetical": "fact that \"[tjhere is no requirement for a formal hearing\" related to an attorney's application to become certified to represent indigent litigants, no \"recor-dation of statements by witnesses or the applicant,\" and no \"requirement ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "438 U.S. 513, 513",
"parenthetical": "noting, in support of its finding that absolute immunity was warranted, that, \"[t]he parties are entitled to know the findings and conclusions on all of the issues of fact, law, or discretion presented on the record\"",
"sentence": "See Bu... | 12,271,680 | b |
A public proceeding on a record can serve as a check on malicious or wrongful conduct by commission members, and this militates in favor of granting the defendants absolute immunity. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "41 F.3d 53, 53",
"parenthetical": "\"access to a verbatim transcript\" constitutes a procedural safeguard under this factor",
"sentence": "See Butz, 438 U.S. at 513, 98 S.Ct. 2894 (noting, in support of its finding that absolute immunity was warranted, that, “[t]he parties... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "438 U.S. 513, 513",
"parenthetical": "noting, in support of its finding that absolute immunity was warranted, that, \"[t]he parties are entitled to know the findings and conclusions on all of the issues of fact, law, or discretion presented on the record\"",
"sentence": "See Bu... | 12,271,680 | b |
A public proceeding on a record can serve as a check on malicious or wrongful conduct by commission members, and this militates in favor of granting the defendants absolute immunity. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "377 F.3d 157, 173",
"parenthetical": "fact that \"[tjhere is no requirement for a formal hearing\" related to an attorney's application to become certified to represent indigent litigants, no \"recor-dation of statements by witnesses or the applicant,\" and no \"requirement ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting, in support of its finding that absolute immunity was warranted, that, \"[t]he parties are entitled to know the findings and conclusions on all of the issues of fact, law, or discretion presented on the record\"",
"sentence": "See Butz, 438 U.S. at... | 12,271,680 | b |
A public proceeding on a record can serve as a check on malicious or wrongful conduct by commission members, and this militates in favor of granting the defendants absolute immunity. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting, in support of its finding that absolute immunity was warranted, that, \"[t]he parties are entitled to know the findings and conclusions on all of the issues of fact, law, or discretion presented on the record\"",
"sentence": "See Butz, 438 U.S. at... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "41 F.3d 53, 53",
"parenthetical": "\"access to a verbatim transcript\" constitutes a procedural safeguard under this factor",
"sentence": "See Butz, 438 U.S. at 513, 98 S.Ct. 2894 (noting, in support of its finding that absolute immunity was warranted, that, “[t]he parties... | 12,271,680 | a |
Additionally, Fox raises claims relating to the conditions of his confinement. These claims are not addressed here because they are more appropriately raised in a petition for habeas corpus relief or in a civil action under 42 U.S.C. SS 1983 (2012). | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that delinquent minor could not challenge the conditions of his confinement on direct appeal from his commitment because the record would not be sufficiently developed on this issue to permit review",
"sentence": "See Kelsey v. State, 283 N.W... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "283 N.W.2d 892, 895",
"parenthetical": "stating that habeas corpus may be used to challenge prison conditions as cruel and unusual punishment",
"sentence": "See Kelsey v. State, 283 N.W.2d 892, 895 (Minn.1979) (stating that habeas corpus may be used to challenge prison conditio... | 6,856,821 | b |
Additionally, Fox raises claims relating to the conditions of his confinement. These claims are not addressed here because they are more appropriately raised in a petition for habeas corpus relief or in a civil action under 42 U.S.C. SS 1983 (2012). | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that delinquent minor could not challenge the conditions of his confinement on direct appeal from his commitment because the record would not be sufficiently developed on this issue to permit review",
"sentence": "See Kelsey v. State, 283 N.W... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "283 N.W.2d 892, 895",
"parenthetical": "stating that habeas corpus may be used to challenge prison conditions as cruel and unusual punishment",
"sentence": "See Kelsey v. State, 283 N.W.2d 892, 895 (Minn.1979) (stating that habeas corpus may be used to challenge prison conditio... | 6,856,821 | b |
Additionally, Fox raises claims relating to the conditions of his confinement. These claims are not addressed here because they are more appropriately raised in a petition for habeas corpus relief or in a civil action under 42 U.S.C. SS 1983 (2012). | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "446 N.E.2d 868, 870",
"parenthetical": "holding that delinquent minor could not challenge the conditions of his confinement on direct appeal from his commitment because the record would not be sufficiently developed on this issue to permit review",
"sentence": "See Kelsey ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "283 N.W.2d 892, 895",
"parenthetical": "stating that habeas corpus may be used to challenge prison conditions as cruel and unusual punishment",
"sentence": "See Kelsey v. State, 283 N.W.2d 892, 895 (Minn.1979) (stating that habeas corpus may be used to challenge prison conditio... | 6,856,821 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of juvenile upon her arrest or statements made are inadmissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police ar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of juvenile upon her arrest or statements made are inadmissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police ar... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of juvenile upon her arrest or statements made are inadmissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police ar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of juvenile upon her arrest or statements made are inadmissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police ar... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of juvenile upon her arrest or statements made are inadmissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police ar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of juvenile upon her arrest or statements made are inadmissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police ar... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of juvenile upon her arrest or statements made are inadmissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police ar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of juvenile upon her arrest or statements made are inadmissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police ar... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "reversing seventeen-year-old juvenile's conviction because of police's failure to timely notify custodian violated mandate of statute and constituted deprivation of defendant's right to due process and self-incrimination rights",
"sentence": "See People v... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "reversing seventeen-year-old juvenile's conviction because of police's failure to timely notify custodian violated mandate of statute and constituted deprivation of defendant's right to due process and self-incrimination rights",
"sentence": "See People v... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "reversing seventeen-year-old juvenile's conviction because of police's failure to timely notify custodian violated mandate of statute and constituted deprivation of defendant's right to due process and self-incrimination rights",
"sentence": "See People v... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "reversing seventeen-year-old juvenile's conviction because of police's failure to timely notify custodian violated mandate of statute and constituted deprivation of defendant's right to due process and self-incrimination rights",
"sentence": "See People v... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "See People v. Gar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "See People v. Gar... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "See People v. Gar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "See People v. Gar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "See People v. Gar... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "See People v. Gar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "See People v. Gar... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "See People v. Gar... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "708 N.E.2d 806, 811",
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "708 N.E.2d 806, 811",
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "708 N.E.2d 806, 811",
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "708 N.E.2d 806, 811",
"parenthetical": "noting that purpose of law requiring immediate notification of parents when juvenile taken into custody \"is to permit, where possible, a parent to confer with and counsel the juvenile before interrogation and confession\"",
"sentence": "... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
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