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Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that police's \"flagrant[ ] violation]\" of statute requiring officers to make reasonable attempts to notify parents among factors causing court to determine that defendant's statement was involuntary and therefore should be suppressed",
"sentence... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that consequence of deliberate violation of parental notification statute is suppression of statements made by defendant",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required ... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that consequence of deliberate violation of parental notification statute is suppression of statements made by defendant",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required ... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that consequence of deliberate violation of parental notification statute is suppression of statements made by defendant",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required ... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that consequence of deliberate violation of parental notification statute is suppression of statements made by defendant",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required ... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that consequence of deliberate violation of parental notification statute is suppression of statements made by defendant",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required ... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that consequence of deliberate violation of parental notification statute is suppression of statements made by defendant",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required ... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that consequence of deliberate violation of parental notification statute is suppression of statements made by defendant",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required ... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that consequence of deliberate violation of parental notification statute is suppression of statements made by defendant",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required ... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that juvenile's request for parent is invocation of Fifth Amendment rights",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of ju... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that juvenile's request for parent is invocation of Fifth Amendment rights",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of ju... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that juvenile's request for parent is invocation of Fifth Amendment rights",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of ju... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that juvenile's request for parent is invocation of Fifth Amendment rights",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of ju... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that juvenile's request for parent is invocation of Fifth Amendment rights",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of ju... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that juvenile's request for parent is invocation of Fifth Amendment rights",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of ju... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that juvenile's request for parent is invocation of Fifth Amendment rights",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of ju... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that juvenile's request for parent is invocation of Fifth Amendment rights",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required to notify immediately guardian or parent of ju... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that law enforcement officials must comply with parental notification statute for juveniles' statements to be admissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required t... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | 105,855 | a |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied where \"all reasonable efforts\" were made by police to contact defendant's mother and not more than one hour could have elapsed before she was contacted and there was \"no evidence of any intenti... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that law enforcement officials must comply with parental notification statute for juveniles' statements to be admissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required t... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that law enforcement officials must comply with parental notification statute for juveniles' statements to be admissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required t... | 105,855 | b |
Eight other states statutorily require police to notify a minor's guardian or custodian immediately if a minor is taken into custody. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "noting that law enforcement officials must comply with parental notification statute for juveniles' statements to be admissible",
"sentence": "See People v. Gardner, 257 A.D.2d 675, 683 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1999) (observing that police are statutorily required t... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that statements are admissible in absence of showing that parents were not notified in accordance with statute",
"sentence": "Cf. A Minor Boy v. State, 91 Nev. 456, 537 P.2d 477 (1975) (finding that mandates of notification statute were satisfied ... | 105,855 | a |
The State urges us to apply this "prosecution team" concept within the single agency of the Travis County District Attorney, suggesting that it was required to disclose only the Brady materials known to the office employees personally involved in the Hall prosecution. We find no support for the State's position. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73",
"parenthetical": "duty under Brady applied despite prosecutor's lack of personal knowledge of favorable information in office files",
"sentence": "See Ex parte Richardson, 70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73 (Tex.Crim.App.2002) (duty under Brady applied despite prosec... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "405 U.S. 150, 154",
"parenthetical": "recognizing that a prosecutor's office is an \"entity\" and that information in the possession of one attorney in the office \"must be attributed\" to the office as a whole",
"sentence": "See Ex parte Richardson, 70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73 ... | 7,301,162 | a |
The State urges us to apply this "prosecution team" concept within the single agency of the Travis County District Attorney, suggesting that it was required to disclose only the Brady materials known to the office employees personally involved in the Hall prosecution. We find no support for the State's position. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73",
"parenthetical": "duty under Brady applied despite prosecutor's lack of personal knowledge of favorable information in office files",
"sentence": "See Ex parte Richardson, 70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73 (Tex.Crim.App.2002) (duty under Brady applied despite prosec... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "recognizing that a prosecutor's office is an \"entity\" and that information in the possession of one attorney in the office \"must be attributed\" to the office as a whole",
"sentence": "See Ex parte Richardson, 70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73 (Tex.Crim.App.2... | 7,301,162 | a |
The State urges us to apply this "prosecution team" concept within the single agency of the Travis County District Attorney, suggesting that it was required to disclose only the Brady materials known to the office employees personally involved in the Hall prosecution. We find no support for the State's position. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "recognizing that a prosecutor's office is an \"entity\" and that information in the possession of one attorney in the office \"must be attributed\" to the office as a whole",
"sentence": "See Ex parte Richardson, 70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73 (Tex.Crim.App.2... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73",
"parenthetical": "duty under Brady applied despite prosecutor's lack of personal knowledge of favorable information in office files",
"sentence": "See Ex parte Richardson, 70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73 (Tex.Crim.App.2002) (duty under Brady applied despite prosec... | 7,301,162 | b |
The State urges us to apply this "prosecution team" concept within the single agency of the Travis County District Attorney, suggesting that it was required to disclose only the Brady materials known to the office employees personally involved in the Hall prosecution. We find no support for the State's position. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73",
"parenthetical": "duty under Brady applied despite prosecutor's lack of personal knowledge of favorable information in office files",
"sentence": "See Ex parte Richardson, 70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73 (Tex.Crim.App.2002) (duty under Brady applied despite prosec... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "240 S.W.3d 328, 328",
"parenthetical": "\"The duty to disclose under Brady arose only if the prosecutors or other members of the 'prosecuting team' knew of the investigation or had access to the information\"",
"sentence": "See Ex parte Richardson, 70 S.W.3d 865, 871-73 (T... | 7,301,162 | a |
ACE argues that the categorical exclusion, by its own terms, does not apply to this case because helicopter permits are beyond the intended scope of the exclusion. When reviewing an agency's application of its own regulation, the agency's interpretation of its regulation must be given controlling weight unless it is pl... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "142 F.3d 1170, 1173",
"parenthetical": "Fish and Wildlife Service's interpretation of its own regulations entitled to deference",
"sentence": "Thomas Jefferson Univ. v. Shalala, 512 U.S. 504, 510-12, 114 S.Ct. 2381, 129 L.Ed.2d 405 (1994); United States v. McKittrick, 142... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "784 F.2d 702, 705",
"parenthetical": "holding that deference is owed to an agency's interpretation of its own categorical exclusion regulations, so long as that interpretation is not plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation",
"sentence": "See West Houston Air Comm.... | 1,733,551 | a |
The agency also reasonably determined that Lin did not establish a well-founded fear of persecution based on his baptism and practice of Christianity in the United States because Lin testified that he was a relatively new practitioner and evidence in the record indicated that officials primarily targeted spiritual lead... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "12 F.3d 1233, 1240",
"parenthetical": "\"[P]ersecution does not encompass all treatment that our society regards as unfair, unjust, or even unlawful or unconstitutional.\"",
"sentence": "See Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167 (2d Cir.2007) (“[wjhere there are two permiss... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "528 F.3d 135, 143",
"parenthetical": "\"Put simply, to establish a well-founded fear of persecution in the absence of any evidence of past persecution, an alien must make some showing that authorities in his country of nationality are either aware of his activities or likely to b... | 5,753,901 | b |
The agency also reasonably determined that Lin did not establish a well-founded fear of persecution based on his baptism and practice of Christianity in the United States because Lin testified that he was a relatively new practitioner and evidence in the record indicated that officials primarily targeted spiritual lead... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "12 F.3d 1233, 1240",
"parenthetical": "\"[P]ersecution does not encompass all treatment that our society regards as unfair, unjust, or even unlawful or unconstitutional.\"",
"sentence": "See Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167 (2d Cir.2007) (“[wjhere there are two permiss... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "480 F.3d 160, 167",
"parenthetical": "\"[wjhere there are two permissible views of the evidence, the fact finder's choice between them cannot be clearly erroneous.\"",
"sentence": "See Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167 (2d Cir.2007) (“[wjhere there are two permissible views ... | 5,753,901 | b |
The agency also reasonably determined that Lin did not establish a well-founded fear of persecution based on his baptism and practice of Christianity in the United States because Lin testified that he was a relatively new practitioner and evidence in the record indicated that officials primarily targeted spiritual lead... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "483 F.3d 332, 341",
"parenthetical": "holding that harm must be sufficiently severe and rise above \"mere harassment\"",
"sentence": "See Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167 (2d Cir.2007) (“[wjhere there are two permissible views of the evidence, the fact finder’s choice betwe... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "12 F.3d 1233, 1240",
"parenthetical": "\"[P]ersecution does not encompass all treatment that our society regards as unfair, unjust, or even unlawful or unconstitutional.\"",
"sentence": "See Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167 (2d Cir.2007) (“[wjhere there are two permiss... | 5,753,901 | a |
Although we are free to review de novo the application of law to undisputed facts, the existence of an employment relationship constitutes the "ultimate fact issue," which cannot be decided as a matter of law simply because the predicate facts are uncontested. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "262 N.W.2d 152, 154",
"parenthetical": "treating the issue as a question of fact, which turns chiefly on the worker's submission to control over the means of achieving a particular goal",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 83... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "239 Minn. 55, 62",
"parenthetical": "stating the determination of an employment relationship is an \"ultimate fact issue\"",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 835 (1953) (stating the determination of an employment relationship is... | 10,694,928 | b |
Although we are free to review de novo the application of law to undisputed facts, the existence of an employment relationship constitutes the "ultimate fact issue," which cannot be decided as a matter of law simply because the predicate facts are uncontested. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "239 Minn. 55, 62",
"parenthetical": "stating the determination of an employment relationship is an \"ultimate fact issue\"",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 835 (1953) (stating the determination of an employment relationship is... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "analyzing the employment-status determination as an ultimate fact issue, which may not be decided on a motion for summary judgment if the undisputed predicate facts would support multiple inferences",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 ... | 10,694,928 | a |
Although we are free to review de novo the application of law to undisputed facts, the existence of an employment relationship constitutes the "ultimate fact issue," which cannot be decided as a matter of law simply because the predicate facts are uncontested. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "794 P.2d 138, 141",
"parenthetical": "analyzing the employment-status determination as an ultimate fact issue, which may not be decided on a motion for summary judgment if the undisputed predicate facts would support multiple inferences",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Lau... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "239 Minn. 55, 62",
"parenthetical": "stating the determination of an employment relationship is an \"ultimate fact issue\"",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 835 (1953) (stating the determination of an employment relationship is... | 10,694,928 | b |
Although we are free to review de novo the application of law to undisputed facts, the existence of an employment relationship constitutes the "ultimate fact issue," which cannot be decided as a matter of law simply because the predicate facts are uncontested. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "57 N.W.2d 831, 835",
"parenthetical": "stating the determination of an employment relationship is an \"ultimate fact issue\"",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 835 (1953) (stating the determination of an employment relationship ... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "262 N.W.2d 152, 154",
"parenthetical": "treating the issue as a question of fact, which turns chiefly on the worker's submission to control over the means of achieving a particular goal",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 83... | 10,694,928 | a |
Although we are free to review de novo the application of law to undisputed facts, the existence of an employment relationship constitutes the "ultimate fact issue," which cannot be decided as a matter of law simply because the predicate facts are uncontested. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "analyzing the employment-status determination as an ultimate fact issue, which may not be decided on a motion for summary judgment if the undisputed predicate facts would support multiple inferences",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "57 N.W.2d 831, 835",
"parenthetical": "stating the determination of an employment relationship is an \"ultimate fact issue\"",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 835 (1953) (stating the determination of an employment relationship ... | 10,694,928 | b |
Although we are free to review de novo the application of law to undisputed facts, the existence of an employment relationship constitutes the "ultimate fact issue," which cannot be decided as a matter of law simply because the predicate facts are uncontested. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "794 P.2d 138, 141",
"parenthetical": "analyzing the employment-status determination as an ultimate fact issue, which may not be decided on a motion for summary judgment if the undisputed predicate facts would support multiple inferences",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Lau... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "57 N.W.2d 831, 835",
"parenthetical": "stating the determination of an employment relationship is an \"ultimate fact issue\"",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 835 (1953) (stating the determination of an employment relationship ... | 10,694,928 | b |
Although we are free to review de novo the application of law to undisputed facts, the existence of an employment relationship constitutes the "ultimate fact issue," which cannot be decided as a matter of law simply because the predicate facts are uncontested. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "analyzing the employment-status determination as an ultimate fact issue, which may not be decided on a motion for summary judgment if the undisputed predicate facts would support multiple inferences",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 ... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "262 N.W.2d 152, 154",
"parenthetical": "treating the issue as a question of fact, which turns chiefly on the worker's submission to control over the means of achieving a particular goal",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 83... | 10,694,928 | b |
Although we are free to review de novo the application of law to undisputed facts, the existence of an employment relationship constitutes the "ultimate fact issue," which cannot be decided as a matter of law simply because the predicate facts are uncontested. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "262 N.W.2d 152, 154",
"parenthetical": "treating the issue as a question of fact, which turns chiefly on the worker's submission to control over the means of achieving a particular goal",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Laurence Co., 239 Minn. 55, 62, 57 N.W.2d 831, 83... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "794 P.2d 138, 141",
"parenthetical": "analyzing the employment-status determination as an ultimate fact issue, which may not be decided on a motion for summary judgment if the undisputed predicate facts would support multiple inferences",
"sentence": "See Darvell v. Paul A. Lau... | 10,694,928 | a |
Our decision in Kim, as well as cases from other states, reveals that when courts have allowed a prior bad act to be introduced to prove motive, the prosecution actually presented sufficient alternate evidence to establish the defendant's identity as the perpetrator. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "153 N.H. 325, 325, 328",
"parenthetical": "holding evidence of defendant's gambling losses and extramarital affair admissible to show motive to kill when he admitted to police that he drugged and robbed murder victims, but claimed he did not kill them",
"sentence": "Kim, ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "191 P.3d 256, 261, 263",
"parenthetical": "holding crack cocaine addiction admissible to prove motive to kill and rob when accomplice identified defendant and defendant's cell mates testified she had admitted her actions",
"sentence": "Kim, 153 N.H. at 325, 328 (holding evidenc... | 6,949,780 | a |
Our decision in Kim, as well as cases from other states, reveals that when courts have allowed a prior bad act to be introduced to prove motive, the prosecution actually presented sufficient alternate evidence to establish the defendant's identity as the perpetrator. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "153 N.H. 325, 325, 328",
"parenthetical": "holding evidence of defendant's gambling losses and extramarital affair admissible to show motive to kill when he admitted to police that he drugged and robbed murder victims, but claimed he did not kill them",
"sentence": "Kim, ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "96 S.W.3d 779, 783-85, 793",
"parenthetical": "affirming introduction of drug addiction to prove motive for robbery and murder when defendant admitted to being at victim's house and substantial physical evidence linked him to the murder",
"sentence": "Kim, 153 N.H. at 325, 328 ... | 6,949,780 | a |
Our decision in Kim, as well as cases from other states, reveals that when courts have allowed a prior bad act to be introduced to prove motive, the prosecution actually presented sufficient alternate evidence to establish the defendant's identity as the perpetrator. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "153 N.H. 325, 325, 328",
"parenthetical": "holding evidence of defendant's gambling losses and extramarital affair admissible to show motive to kill when he admitted to police that he drugged and robbed murder victims, but claimed he did not kill them",
"sentence": "Kim, ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "679 N.E.2d 694, 694",
"parenthetical": "holding drug addiction admissible to show motive to rob and kill when defendant had the victim's car, check book, and credit cards, told his wife and a friend that he had killed the victim in self-defense, sold the car to a drug dealer, and... | 6,949,780 | a |
Our decision in Kim, as well as cases from other states, reveals that when courts have allowed a prior bad act to be introduced to prove motive, the prosecution actually presented sufficient alternate evidence to establish the defendant's identity as the perpetrator. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "153 N.H. 325, 325, 328",
"parenthetical": "holding evidence of defendant's gambling losses and extramarital affair admissible to show motive to kill when he admitted to police that he drugged and robbed murder victims, but claimed he did not kill them",
"sentence": "Kim, ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding drug addiction admissible to show motive to rob and kill when defendant had the victim's car, check book, and credit cards, told his wife and a friend that he had killed the victim in self-defense, sold the car to a drug dealer, and used all the mon... | 6,949,780 | a |
The court has noted that, although ITC generally focuses on annual time periods for the purpose of data analysis, it is not required by statute to use any particular time frame. In light of ITC's broad discretion in setting time periods for the collection of data, the court has held that, under certain circumstances, I... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "8 CIT 26, 26",
"parenthetical": "ITC was not required to base its findings on a quarterly analysis of the most recent data available, since analysis of quarter-by-quarter data would distort significant long term trends",
"sentence": "American Spring Wire Corp., 8 CIT at 2... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "8 CIT 94, 94",
"parenthetical": "an analysis of recent quarterly data would not have negated the significance of the increasing absolute volume of imports on a long term basis",
"sentence": "See also, British Steel Corp., 8 CIT at 94, 593 F. Supp. at 411 (an analysis of re... | 6,097,302 | a |
The court has noted that, although ITC generally focuses on annual time periods for the purpose of data analysis, it is not required by statute to use any particular time frame. In light of ITC's broad discretion in setting time periods for the collection of data, the court has held that, under certain circumstances, I... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "8 CIT 26, 26",
"parenthetical": "ITC was not required to base its findings on a quarterly analysis of the most recent data available, since analysis of quarter-by-quarter data would distort significant long term trends",
"sentence": "American Spring Wire Corp., 8 CIT at 2... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "593 F. Supp. 411, 411",
"parenthetical": "an analysis of recent quarterly data would not have negated the significance of the increasing absolute volume of imports on a long term basis",
"sentence": "See also, British Steel Corp., 8 CIT at 94, 593 F. Supp. at 411 (an analy... | 6,097,302 | a |
The court has noted that, although ITC generally focuses on annual time periods for the purpose of data analysis, it is not required by statute to use any particular time frame. In light of ITC's broad discretion in setting time periods for the collection of data, the court has held that, under certain circumstances, I... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "590 F. Supp. 1279, 1279",
"parenthetical": "ITC was not required to base its findings on a quarterly analysis of the most recent data available, since analysis of quarter-by-quarter data would distort significant long term trends",
"sentence": "American Spring Wire Corp.,... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "8 CIT 94, 94",
"parenthetical": "an analysis of recent quarterly data would not have negated the significance of the increasing absolute volume of imports on a long term basis",
"sentence": "See also, British Steel Corp., 8 CIT at 94, 593 F. Supp. at 411 (an analysis of re... | 6,097,302 | a |
The court has noted that, although ITC generally focuses on annual time periods for the purpose of data analysis, it is not required by statute to use any particular time frame. In light of ITC's broad discretion in setting time periods for the collection of data, the court has held that, under certain circumstances, I... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "593 F. Supp. 411, 411",
"parenthetical": "an analysis of recent quarterly data would not have negated the significance of the increasing absolute volume of imports on a long term basis",
"sentence": "See also, British Steel Corp., 8 CIT at 94, 593 F. Supp. at 411 (an analy... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "590 F. Supp. 1279, 1279",
"parenthetical": "ITC was not required to base its findings on a quarterly analysis of the most recent data available, since analysis of quarter-by-quarter data would distort significant long term trends",
"sentence": "American Spring Wire Corp.,... | 6,097,302 | b |
The court has noted that, although ITC generally focuses on annual time periods for the purpose of data analysis, it is not required by statute to use any particular time frame. In light of ITC's broad discretion in setting time periods for the collection of data, the court has held that, under certain circumstances, I... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "8 CIT 26, 26",
"parenthetical": "ITC was not required to base its findings on a quarterly analysis of the most recent data available, since analysis of quarter-by-quarter data would distort significant long term trends",
"sentence": "American Spring Wire Corp., 8 CIT at 2... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "8 CIT 94, 94",
"parenthetical": "an analysis of recent quarterly data would not have negated the significance of the increasing absolute volume of imports on a long term basis",
"sentence": "See also, British Steel Corp., 8 CIT at 94, 593 F.Supp. at 411 (an analysis of rec... | 586,388 | a |
The court has noted that, although ITC generally focuses on annual time periods for the purpose of data analysis, it is not required by statute to use any particular time frame. In light of ITC's broad discretion in setting time periods for the collection of data, the court has held that, under certain circumstances, I... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "593 F.Supp. 411, 411",
"parenthetical": "an analysis of recent quarterly data would not have negated the significance of the increasing absolute volume of imports on a long term basis",
"sentence": "See also, British Steel Corp., 8 CIT at 94, 593 F.Supp. at 411 (an analysi... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "8 CIT 26, 26",
"parenthetical": "ITC was not required to base its findings on a quarterly analysis of the most recent data available, since analysis of quarter-by-quarter data would distort significant long term trends",
"sentence": "American Spring Wire Corp., 8 CIT at 2... | 586,388 | b |
The court has noted that, although ITC generally focuses on annual time periods for the purpose of data analysis, it is not required by statute to use any particular time frame. In light of ITC's broad discretion in setting time periods for the collection of data, the court has held that, under certain circumstances, I... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "8 CIT 94, 94",
"parenthetical": "an analysis of recent quarterly data would not have negated the significance of the increasing absolute volume of imports on a long term basis",
"sentence": "See also, British Steel Corp., 8 CIT at 94, 593 F.Supp. at 411 (an analysis of rec... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "590 F.Supp. 1279, 1279",
"parenthetical": "ITC was not required to base its findings on a quarterly analysis of the most recent data available, since analysis of quarter-by-quarter data would distort significant long term trends",
"sentence": "American Spring Wire Corp., ... | 586,388 | b |
The court has noted that, although ITC generally focuses on annual time periods for the purpose of data analysis, it is not required by statute to use any particular time frame. In light of ITC's broad discretion in setting time periods for the collection of data, the court has held that, under certain circumstances, I... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "593 F.Supp. 411, 411",
"parenthetical": "an analysis of recent quarterly data would not have negated the significance of the increasing absolute volume of imports on a long term basis",
"sentence": "See also, British Steel Corp., 8 CIT at 94, 593 F.Supp. at 411 (an analysi... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "590 F.Supp. 1279, 1279",
"parenthetical": "ITC was not required to base its findings on a quarterly analysis of the most recent data available, since analysis of quarter-by-quarter data would distort significant long term trends",
"sentence": "American Spring Wire Corp., ... | 586,388 | b |
One of the acts of expression for which Plaintiff was disciplined was his distribution of the sexual harassment Complaint lodged against him. Regarding the content of the Complaint, it is well-settled that allegations of sexual harassment, like allegations of racial harassment, are matters of public concern. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "973 F.2d 1263, 1269",
"parenthetical": "finding that \"reports of sexual harassment perpetrated on [the plaintiff] and other women at [the University of Texas Health Center]--is of great public concern\"",
"sentence": "See Connick, 461 U.S. at 146, 103 S.Ct. 1684 (noting that “... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "209 F.3d 597, 608",
"parenthetical": "finding that because the plaintiffs complaint was for race discrimination, it inherently involved a matter of public concern",
"sentence": "See Connick, 461 U.S. at 146, 103 S.Ct. 1684 (noting that “it is clear that ... statements conc... | 11,139,082 | a |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "484 U.S. 518, 527",
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant secu... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | 4,062,161 | a |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "484 U.S. 518, 527",
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant secu... | 4,062,161 | b |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "484 U.S. 518, 527",
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant secu... | 4,062,161 | b |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance ... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | 4,062,161 | a |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance ... | 4,062,161 | b |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance ... | 4,062,161 | b |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance ... | 4,062,161 | b |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance ... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | 4,062,161 | a |
Courts generally defer to the Executive Branch in matters of national security, particularly where the matter in question is "a sensitive and inherently discretionary judgment call [and] is committed by law to the appropriate agency of the Executive Branch." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "stating that the Army's decision not to award commission to, or alternatively to discharge, a medical specialist is not renewable",
"sentence": "See also Orloff v. Willoughby, 345 U.S. 83, 73 S.Ct. 534, 97 L.Ed. 842 (1953) (stating that the Army’s de... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance to openly gay woman",
"sentence": "Dep’t of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 527, 108 S.Ct. 818, 98 L.Ed.2d 918 (1988) (deferring to mili-tar/s decision not to grant security clearance ... | 4,062,161 | b |
. Although briefly addressed by the Maryland Defendants, see Appellee's Br. at 16-17, our case law appears to consider these as two separate and independent inquiries for which a Second Amendment challenger must plead factual circumstances that remove the challenger's circumstances from the "realm of ordinary challenge... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "703 F.3d 246, 246",
"parenthetical": "rejecting desire to possess ammunition primarily for hunting purposes on the same basis",
"sentence": "Moore, 666 F.3d at 320; see Smoot, 690 F.3d at 222 (rejecting a desire to possess a weapon premised on a tip that \"other people wer... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "690 F.3d 222, 222",
"parenthetical": "rejecting a desire to possess a weapon premised on a tip that \"other people were looking for [the defendant]\" on the same basis",
"sentence": "Moore, 666 F.3d at 320; see Smoot, 690 F.3d at 222 (rejecting a desire to possess a weapon prem... | 12,277,595 | b |
Once again we emphasize the obvious simply because it is so consistently elided by Gilday, both below and on appeal: The Gil-day injunction grants Gilday no right or privilege to place any telephone call, nor has Gilday cited any authoritative decision indicating that conditioning prison-telephone utilization on inform... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "35 F.3d 1100, 1100",
"parenthetical": "prison may impose rational limits on inmate telephone access, including subjecting inmates to MITS-type system",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute” about whether DOC “d... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "71 F.3d 936, 936",
"parenthetical": "stating: \"at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute\" about whether DOC \"defendants are authorized by law\" to require prisoner consent to MITS regime",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist ... | 11,902,545 | b |
Once again we emphasize the obvious simply because it is so consistently elided by Gilday, both below and on appeal: The Gil-day injunction grants Gilday no right or privilege to place any telephone call, nor has Gilday cited any authoritative decision indicating that conditioning prison-telephone utilization on inform... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "71 F.3d 936, 936",
"parenthetical": "stating: \"at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute\" about whether DOC \"defendants are authorized by law\" to require prisoner consent to MITS regime",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist ... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "570 F.2d 374, 374",
"parenthetical": "right of' pretrial detainees to place telephone calls is subject to reasonable restrictions",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute” about whether DOC “defendants are author... | 11,902,545 | a |
Once again we emphasize the obvious simply because it is so consistently elided by Gilday, both below and on appeal: The Gil-day injunction grants Gilday no right or privilege to place any telephone call, nor has Gilday cited any authoritative decision indicating that conditioning prison-telephone utilization on inform... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "71 F.3d 936, 936",
"parenthetical": "stating: \"at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute\" about whether DOC \"defendants are authorized by law\" to require prisoner consent to MITS regime",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist ... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "814 F.Supp. 1430, 1443-44",
"parenthetical": "rejecting argument that prison may deem consent implied in situations where inmate must consent to terms in order to place calls, but finding surveillance of prison phones \"a necessary price for prison security\"",
"sentence": ... | 11,902,545 | a |
Once again we emphasize the obvious simply because it is so consistently elided by Gilday, both below and on appeal: The Gil-day injunction grants Gilday no right or privilege to place any telephone call, nor has Gilday cited any authoritative decision indicating that conditioning prison-telephone utilization on inform... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting argument that prison may deem consent implied in situations where inmate must consent to terms in order to place calls, but finding surveillance of prison phones \"a necessary price for prison security\"",
"sentence": "But cf. United States ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "71 F.3d 936, 936",
"parenthetical": "stating: \"at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute\" about whether DOC \"defendants are authorized by law\" to require prisoner consent to MITS regime",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist ... | 11,902,545 | b |
Once again we emphasize the obvious simply because it is so consistently elided by Gilday, both below and on appeal: The Gil-day injunction grants Gilday no right or privilege to place any telephone call, nor has Gilday cited any authoritative decision indicating that conditioning prison-telephone utilization on inform... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "35 F.3d 1100, 1100",
"parenthetical": "prison may impose rational limits on inmate telephone access, including subjecting inmates to MITS-type system",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute” about whether DOC “d... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "814 F.Supp. 1430, 1443-44",
"parenthetical": "rejecting argument that prison may deem consent implied in situations where inmate must consent to terms in order to place calls, but finding surveillance of prison phones \"a necessary price for prison security\"",
"sentence": ... | 11,902,545 | a |
Once again we emphasize the obvious simply because it is so consistently elided by Gilday, both below and on appeal: The Gil-day injunction grants Gilday no right or privilege to place any telephone call, nor has Gilday cited any authoritative decision indicating that conditioning prison-telephone utilization on inform... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "35 F.3d 1100, 1100",
"parenthetical": "prison may impose rational limits on inmate telephone access, including subjecting inmates to MITS-type system",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute” about whether DOC “d... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting argument that prison may deem consent implied in situations where inmate must consent to terms in order to place calls, but finding surveillance of prison phones \"a necessary price for prison security\"",
"sentence": "But cf. United States ... | 11,902,545 | a |
Once again we emphasize the obvious simply because it is so consistently elided by Gilday, both below and on appeal: The Gil-day injunction grants Gilday no right or privilege to place any telephone call, nor has Gilday cited any authoritative decision indicating that conditioning prison-telephone utilization on inform... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": "814 F.Supp. 1430, 1443-44",
"parenthetical": "rejecting argument that prison may deem consent implied in situations where inmate must consent to terms in order to place calls, but finding surveillance of prison phones \"a necessary price for prison security\"",
"sentence": ... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "570 F.2d 374, 374",
"parenthetical": "right of' pretrial detainees to place telephone calls is subject to reasonable restrictions",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute” about whether DOC “defendants are author... | 11,902,545 | b |
Once again we emphasize the obvious simply because it is so consistently elided by Gilday, both below and on appeal: The Gil-day injunction grants Gilday no right or privilege to place any telephone call, nor has Gilday cited any authoritative decision indicating that conditioning prison-telephone utilization on inform... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "570 F.2d 374, 374",
"parenthetical": "right of' pretrial detainees to place telephone calls is subject to reasonable restrictions",
"sentence": "See Langton, 71 F.3d at 936 (stating: “at the least, grounds exist for genuine dispute” about whether DOC “defendants are author... | {
"signal": "but cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "rejecting argument that prison may deem consent implied in situations where inmate must consent to terms in order to place calls, but finding surveillance of prison phones \"a necessary price for prison security\"",
"sentence": "But cf. United States ... | 11,902,545 | a |
Moreover, the pork substitutes are provided from items already in the Prison kitchen, but the proposed hot kosher diet would require the Prison to undertake the extra effort to obtain frozen meals from a new vendor and specially heat them in a conventional or microwave oven. Under these circumstances, Muslim and Jewish... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "984 F.2d 979, 986",
"parenthetical": "patients with same disease not similarly situated unless they can be treated with the same procedure",
"sentence": "See Dexter v. Kirschner, 984 F.2d 979, 986 (9th Cir.1992) (patients with same disease not similarly situated unless they can... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "31 F.3d 727, 732-733",
"parenthetical": "men and women at different prisons with different administrative and security concerns not similarly situated",
"sentence": "See Dexter v. Kirschner, 984 F.2d 979, 986 (9th Cir.1992) (patients with same disease not similarly situated unl... | 1,540,630 | a |
Cummings illustrates the problem: the separate categories of "support" and "equitable distribution of property" may well overlap. The need for on-going support may "depend on how much property the less well-off spouse is given outright." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "finding divorce court's award of lump sum of $135,000, in addition to \"support\" of $5,500 per month, was in the nature of alimony where state court had expressly observed that former wife would need a portion of the $135,000 for her support",
"sent... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "329 F.3d 269, 273",
"parenthetical": "upholding bankruptcy court's determination that an obligation labeled by divorce court as a property division, awarded in addition to child support payments, was intended to function as child and spousal support and therefore non-discha... | 9,177,036 | b |
. Indeed, while it may have been the case, it cannot be conclusively determined from the record that the Magistrate Judge notified the parties prior to trial that he intended to convene an advisory jury under Rule 39(c). In this regard, we acknowledge the approach of other circuits which indicate that the failure to pr... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "963 F.2d 885, 888",
"parenthetical": "examining the plain language of the rule and policy considerations of trial tactics and concluding \"the rule requires that the court's initiative in ordering a trial to an advisory jury must occur, and the parties be made aware of it, before... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "29 F.3d 821, 827",
"parenthetical": "recognizing \"that such notice is preferable,\" rejecting a per se rule of notice, and requiring instead that the complaining party show \"demonstrable prejudice\"",
"sentence": "See Thompson v. Parkes, 963 F.2d 885, 888 (6th Cir.1992) (exam... | 10,522,463 | a |
. Indeed, while it may have been the case, it cannot be conclusively determined from the record that the Magistrate Judge notified the parties prior to trial that he intended to convene an advisory jury under Rule 39(c). In this regard, we acknowledge the approach of other circuits which indicate that the failure to pr... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "865 F.2d 49, 53",
"parenthetical": "requiring a district court to \"notify both sides of a jury's advisory status no later than the time at which the jury selection has begun\"",
"sentence": "See Thompson v. Parkes, 963 F.2d 885, 888 (6th Cir.1992) (examining the plain language... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "29 F.3d 821, 827",
"parenthetical": "recognizing \"that such notice is preferable,\" rejecting a per se rule of notice, and requiring instead that the complaining party show \"demonstrable prejudice\"",
"sentence": "See Thompson v. Parkes, 963 F.2d 885, 888 (6th Cir.1992) (exam... | 10,522,463 | a |
. Indeed, while it may have been the case, it cannot be conclusively determined from the record that the Magistrate Judge notified the parties prior to trial that he intended to convene an advisory jury under Rule 39(c). In this regard, we acknowledge the approach of other circuits which indicate that the failure to pr... | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "29 F.3d 821, 827",
"parenthetical": "recognizing \"that such notice is preferable,\" rejecting a per se rule of notice, and requiring instead that the complaining party show \"demonstrable prejudice\"",
"sentence": "See Thompson v. Parkes, 963 F.2d 885, 888 (6th Cir.1992) (exam... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "641 F.2d 808, 811",
"parenthetical": "recognizing that \"there are frequently significant tactical differences in presenting a case to a court, as opposed to a jury. The parties are entitled to know at the outset of the trial whether the decision will be made by the judge or the ... | 10,522,463 | b |
Some options were "sexually suggestive" and some were "innocuous." The Ninth Circuit held that the dating service was not an information content provider of the libelous profile. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": "519 F.3d 671, 671",
"parenthetical": "Craigslist did not \"cause\" discriminatory housing advertisements within the meaning of the Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. SS 3604(c",
"sentence": "Id. at 1172; see Universal Commc’n Sys., 478 F.3d at 420 (messaging board immune with respect ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "478 F.3d 420, 420",
"parenthetical": "messaging board immune with respect to posts it did not prompt",
"sentence": "Id. at 1172; see Universal Commc’n Sys., 478 F.3d at 420 (messaging board immune with respect to posts it did not prompt); cf. Chi. Lawyers’ Comm., 519 F.3d at 67... | 3,663,642 | b |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "389 U.S. 299, 307",
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 U.S. 528, 534-36",
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d... | 292,649 | b |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 U.S. 528, 534-36",
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "88 S.Ct. 445, 450",
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found ... | 292,649 | a |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 U.S. 528, 534-36",
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found to ‘implement t... | 292,649 | a |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46",
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "389 U.S. 299, 307",
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found ... | 292,649 | a |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "88 S.Ct. 445, 450",
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46",
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d... | 292,649 | b |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found to ‘implement t... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46",
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d... | 292,649 | b |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d 1 (1978) (regulat... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "389 U.S. 299, 307",
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found ... | 292,649 | a |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "88 S.Ct. 445, 450",
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found ... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d 1 (1978) (regulat... | 292,649 | b |
Further, it is a cardinal principle that the Secretary's interpretation of the statute need not be the only reasonable interpretation or the one which the court views as the most reasonable. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "\"[I]f found to 'implement the Congressional mandate in some reasonable manner,' [regulation] must be upheld.\"",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Cornell, 389 U.S. 299, 307, 88 S.Ct. 445, 450, 19 L.Ed.2d 537 (1967) (“[I]f found to ‘implement t... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "regulation which had a \"reasonable basis\" in the statutory history upheld, even though taxpayer's challenge had \"logical force\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Fulman v. United States, 434 U.S. 528, 534-36, 98 S.Ct. 841, 845-46, 55 L.Ed.2d 1 (1978) (regulat... | 292,649 | b |
The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Gambill leave to proceed in forma pauperis because Gambill failed to allege a claim against any defendant under any cognizable legal theory. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "864 F.2d 635, 638",
"parenthetical": "court may sua sponte dismiss an action for failure to state a claim without notice or an opportunity to respond where plaintiff cannot possibly win relief",
"sentence": "See id. at 1370 (“A district court may deny leave to proceed in forma ... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "84 F.3d 1172, 1179",
"parenthetical": "Rule 8 is an independent basis of dismissal and requires each averment of a pleading to be simple, concise, and direct, stating which defendant is liable to the plaintiff for which wrong",
"sentence": "See id. at 1370 (“A district cou... | 4,072,712 | a |
Turning to the case before us, we hold that the absence of a receipt from the appellant for a copy of the staff judge advocate's recommendation does not evidence a failure to comply with Rule for Courts-Martial 1106(f)(1), because such affirmative proof of service is not required. | {
"signal": "cf.",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "presumption that acting commander assumed command in accordance with regulations",
"sentence": "Cf. United States v. Yates, 28 M.J. 60 (C.M.A.1989) (presumption that acting commander assumed command in accordance with regulations); United States v. Mosche... | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "presumption that staff judge advocate had authority to excuse court members",
"sentence": "See United States v. Ponder, 29 M.J. 782 (A.C.M.R.1989) (presumption that staff judge advocate had authority to excuse court members)."
} | 5,866,416 | b |
In post-Troxel decisions, courts of last resort in Maryland and Illinois have likewise held their state visitation statutes unconstitutional where grandparents were required to prove only that visitation was in their grandchild's best interest without a preliminary finding that the parents opposing the visits were unfi... | {
"signal": "but see",
"identifier": "28 S.W.3d 357, 365-66",
"parenthetical": "holding Troxel not controlling where state's supreme court previously held rational basis review sufficient based on minimal intrusion of grandparent visitation and other parental protections afforded by visitation statute",
"senten... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "761 A.2d 291, 301-03",
"parenthetical": "holding grandparent visitation statute serves compelling state interest in maintaining grandparent-grandchild relationship where grandparents had raised child for period of time, but agreeing with trial court that something more than ... | 9,484,622 | b |
Our Supreme Court adopted the federal "objective reasonableness" standard when determining whether a law enforcement officer is entitled to qualified immunity. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "109 N.J. 187, 187",
"parenthetical": "a reasonable officer could have believed that defendant police detective had probable cause to arrest plaintiff for scalding his girlfriend's child",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasona... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "305 N.J.Super. 365, 373",
"parenthetical": "corrections officers' arrest of plaintiff, a former inmate, seen on or near state prison grounds, was objectively reasonable",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasonable officer could ... | 340,338 | a |
Our Supreme Court adopted the federal "objective reasonableness" standard when determining whether a law enforcement officer is entitled to qualified immunity. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "corrections officers' arrest of plaintiff, a former inmate, seen on or near state prison grounds, was objectively reasonable",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasonable officer could have believed that de... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "109 N.J. 187, 187",
"parenthetical": "a reasonable officer could have believed that defendant police detective had probable cause to arrest plaintiff for scalding his girlfriend's child",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasona... | 340,338 | b |
Our Supreme Court adopted the federal "objective reasonableness" standard when determining whether a law enforcement officer is entitled to qualified immunity. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "284 N.J.Super. 639, 651",
"parenthetical": "obtaining search warrant and manner of its execution were both objectively unreasonable",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasonable officer could have believed that defendant police d... | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "109 N.J. 187, 187",
"parenthetical": "a reasonable officer could have believed that defendant police detective had probable cause to arrest plaintiff for scalding his girlfriend's child",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasona... | 340,338 | b |
Our Supreme Court adopted the federal "objective reasonableness" standard when determining whether a law enforcement officer is entitled to qualified immunity. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "109 N.J. 187, 187",
"parenthetical": "a reasonable officer could have believed that defendant police detective had probable cause to arrest plaintiff for scalding his girlfriend's child",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasona... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "obtaining search warrant and manner of its execution were both objectively unreasonable",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasonable officer could have believed that defendant police detective had probable... | 340,338 | a |
Our Supreme Court adopted the federal "objective reasonableness" standard when determining whether a law enforcement officer is entitled to qualified immunity. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "109 N.J. 187, 187",
"parenthetical": "a reasonable officer could have believed that defendant police detective had probable cause to arrest plaintiff for scalding his girlfriend's child",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasona... | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "obtaining search warrant and manner of its execution were both objectively unreasonable",
"sentence": "Kirk v. City of Newark, supra, 109 N.J. at 187, 536 A.2d 229 (a reasonable officer could have believed that defendant police detective had probable... | 340,338 | a |
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