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All of the following statements regarding hirschsprung disease are TRUE, EXCEPT:
Diagnosis Of Hirschsprung's Disease Rectal manometry and rectal suction biopsy are the easiest and most reliable indicators of HD. Rectal suction biopsies are the procedure of choice and should be performed no closer than 2 cm to the dentate line to avoid the normal area of hypoganglionosis at the anal verge. Anorectal...
4
Rectal manometry and rectal suction biopsy are the easiest and most reliable indicators of HD
Rectal suction biopsies are the procedure of choice
In patient with HD, pressure fails to drop or there is a paradoxical rise in pressure with rectal distension on anorectal manometry
Bowel should be prepared before barium enema examination
Surgery
null
8ee5332d-3619-49b7-ab5d-15be4d8f5380
multi
All are seen in diphtheric outcome except
null
3
Pseudomembrane formation
Cardiomyopathy
Endotoxemia
Polyneuropathy
Medicine
null
096700f7-b2ec-4744-8349-bfc3416cda51
multi
Which among the following is a feature of denervation of smooth muscle?
ANSWER: (C) Increased sensitivity to chemical mediatorsREF: Ganong physiology 22nd edition page 111"When the motor Nerve supply to a smooth muscle is cut, the muscle does not atrophy (this is in contrast to skeletal muscle which atrophies on denervation), It becomes hyper responsive to the chemical mediators that norma...
3
Atrophy of the muscle.
Decrease in no of receptors for neurotransmitters
Increased sensitivity to chemical mediators
Decreased neurotransmitter release At NMJ
Physiology
Smooth Muscle: Contraction and Excitation
bb6045d2-0c83-43c5-9893-8a356b72ef5d
single
Progression of congenital scoliosis is least likely in which of the following veebra anomalies?
Block veebra type of scoliosis has the best prognosis. The progression is slow and it can be corrected easily, whereas unilateral thoracic unsegmented type carries worst prognosis. Ref: Ohopaedic Surgery Essentials in Pediatrics By Kathryn E. Cramer, Susan A. Scherl, 2004), Page 65; Campbell's Ohopaedics, 11th Edition,...
3
Fully segmented Hemiveebra
Wedge veebra
Block veebra
Unilateral unsegmented bar with Hemiveebra
Surgery
null
bf83869b-611e-4bd1-945b-e97fab2a5272
single
The proximal pa of the internal carotid aery is derived from which of the following?
C. The proximal pa of the internal carotid aery is derived from aoic arch 3.
3
Aoic arch 1
Aoic arch 2
Aoic arch 3
Aoic arch 4
Anatomy
Pharyngeal Arches
d7bbec2a-afd0-4d2d-8f48-e5cf46d06737
single
Clitoris develops from -
null
4
Urogenital sinus
Labio scrotal swelling
Genital folds
Genital tubercle
Anatomy
null
63f0f5e4-79ba-44bf-9af4-bdc29c634b55
single
Myocardial contractility is increased by:
Option A: Atropine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that is used to inhibit the effects of excessive vagal activation on the heart, which is manifested as sinus bradycardia and AV nodal block. Effect on contractility is negligible.  Option B: Decrease EDV decreases contractility by Frank Starling law. Option  D:  Ac...
3
Atropine
Decreased end diastolic volume
Increased heart rate from 70 to 150 beats/min
Reduced arterial pH to 7.3
Physiology
null
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single
Therapeutic drug monitoring is advised in all except
Metformin Therapeutic drug monitoring is paicularly useful in the following situation (i) As a guide to the effectiveness of the therapy Plasma gentamycin and other antimicrobials against sensitive bacteria. Plasma theophylline for asthma. Blood cyclosporine to avoid transplant rejection. (ii) When the desired effect i...
1
Metformin
Phenytoin
Tacrolimus
Cyclosporine
Pharmacology
null
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multi
Structures at the transpyloric plane include all EXCEPT:
Ans. (b) Termination of portal vein* The kidneys occupy the epigastric, hypochondriac lumbar and umbilical regions Vertically they extend from the upper border of twelfth thoracic vertebra to the centre of the body of third lumbar vertebra.* The right kidney is slightly lower than the left and the left kidney is a litt...
2
Fundus of gall bladder
Termination of portal vein
Hilum of kidneys
Pylorus of stomach
Anatomy
Abdominal Wall
f97dd9ac-0157-4a82-9175-578577786de0
multi
Laryngeal Papillomatosis is caused by
Laryngeal papillomata These are rare benign tumours occurring mainly in children, but can also present in adults. They are most commonly found on the vocal folds, but may spread throughout the larynx and tracheobronchial airway (although this is less likely in adults). They are caused by papillomaviruses andneed repeat...
1
HPV
EBV
CMV
HSV
Surgery
Head and neck
420b4e91-20a6-4335-a3a9-6484081d3fce
single
In modified Pugh's classification score of 8, what shall be the line of management ?
Child-Pugh score is calculated by adding the scores of the five factors and can range from 5 to 15. Decompensation indicates cirrhosis with a Child-Pugh score of >7 (class B). This level has been the accepted criterion for listing liver transplantation. Parameters: Bilirubin INR Albumin Ascites Asterixis Grade Points O...
2
Conservative management
Ohotopic liver transplant
Sclerotherapy
Shunt surgery
Medicine
Cirrhosis
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multi
Unequal division of the conus cordis resulting from anterior displacement of the conotruncal septum gives rise to -
null
3
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Coarctation of aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Anatomy
null
f707a689-db7b-4d8d-ba35-251f1adbda98
multi
A 71-year-old woman is receiving a drug to lower her serum cholesterol. Over the past week, she has developed muscle pain and weakness unrelated to physical activity. On examination, she has diffuse but mild muscle tenderness. Laboratory studies show her serum creatine kinase is 2049 U/L and creatinine is 2 mg/dL. Urin...
She has a statin-induced myopathy, with a creatine kinase level more than 10 times normal from rhabdomyolysis (myoglobin released from muscle can be detected by the urine dipstick). Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that reduce endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Cholestyramine binds bile acids in the...
4
Cholestyramine
Clofibrate
Ezetimibe
Lovastatin
Pathology
Peripheral Nerve & Skeletal Muscles
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single
A 50-year-old male presents with severe refractory hypeension, weakness, muscle cramps and hypokalemia, the most likely diagnosis is:
Manifestation of Conn's Syndrome (Primary Hyperaldosteronism) Clinical Laboratory Muscle weakness and fatigue (due to hypokalemia) Hypeension without edema Polyuria and polydipsia Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis Hypernatremia Increased Aldosterone Low renin
2
Hypoaldosteronism
Hyperaldosteronism
Cushing syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Surgery
Parathyroid and adrenal glands
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Development of Lymphoma in Sjogren's syndrome is suggested by all of the following except-
Ans. is 'd' i.e., High C4 complement levels o Lymphoa is a well-known complication of Sjogren s syndrome : Most lymphomas are extra-nodal, low grade marginal B cell lymphomas.o Development of Lymphoma in Sjogren's syndrome is suggested by low C4 complement levels.Lymphoma in Sjogren's syndromeThe development of Lymphom...
4
Persistent parotid gland enlargement
Cyogtobilinemia
Leukopenia
High C4compement levels
Medicine
Immunology and Rheumatology
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multi
Contraindication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy is all except
Contraindications to Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Absolute Unable to tolerate anaesthesia Refractory Coagulopathy Suspicion of carcinoma Relative Previous upper abdominal surgery Cholangitis Diffuse peritonitis Cirrhosis or poal hypeension Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cholecystenteric fistula Morbid Obesity Pr...
1
Shrunken liver
Previous laparotomy
Emphysema
Obese individual
Anatomy
G.I.T
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multi
Earliest and common form of reversible cell injury is :
Following morphologic forms of reversible cell injury are included under this heading: Hydropic change (cloudy swelling, or vacuolar degeneration) Fatty change Hyaline change Mucoid change
4
Cloudy swelling
Cellular swelling
Albuminous degeneration
All of the above
Pathology
null
eedcbd4c-ff70-49c3-b15d-505dcfc1cf0e
multi
Which of the following acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reaction?
Ans. C. Biotin. (Ref Harper's Biochemistry 27th/Ch. 44).Vitamin B7 (biotin):Function:-Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes (which add a l-carbon group):- Pyruvate carboxylase: pyruvate (3C)*oxaloacetate (4C).- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: acetyl-CoA (2C)*malonyl-CoA (3C).- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase: propionyl-CoA (3C)*methylm...
3
Riboflavin
Niacin
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
Biochemistry
Vitamins and Minerals
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single
Hippocampus lesion affects:
Answer is D (Explicit memory): Hippocampal lesions primarily affect Declarative or Explicit memory. The Hippocampus is essential to forming new memories for facts and general information (sementic memory) and also for life experiences (episodic memory). But the hippocampus does not appear to play a role in precedural m...
4
Implicit memory
Procedural memory
Non-declarative memory
Explicit memory
Medicine
null
cdc37ffe-1980-449e-b568-4e0087e5db66
single
Granulomatous mastitis is caused by all except -
Inflammatory processes involving the breast are uncommon and are usually associated with pain and tenderness in the affected areas. Included in this category are several forms of mastitis and traumatic fat necrosis, none of which increase the risk of cancer. ref : Robbins Basic Pathology, 9E,page-707 REF OF IMG:
3
TB
Fungus
Staphylococcus
Antibodies to milk antigens
Pathology
Breast
b43726fd-7031-48e3-83e8-f9f0e6c8417e
multi
In cholera epidemic which step should be first taken
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. I.P.-1-2 days First step in epidemic of cholera: Verification of diagnosis First line treatment of choice: water and electrolyte replacement. In the given question, safe water supply and sanitation should be the 1 st step to decrease mortality from chole...
4
Vaccination to all individuals immediately
Primary chemoprophylaxis
Cure with tetracycline
Safe water supply and sanitation
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
edd40e0a-e743-4dcc-9615-2490f0895359
multi
True about paget's disease -a) Common in young girl 10-16 yr of ageb) ↑ALPc) Associated with hypercalcemia & hypophosphatemiad) More common in femalee) Associated with chondrosarcoma
Paget's disease occurs after 40 years of age and is more common in males. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is raised and calcium & phosphate are normal. The usual malignancy complicating Paget's disease is osteosarcoma. There are some reports of cases of chondrosarcoma as a complication of Paget's disease.
3
ab
ad
be
ce
Orthopaedics
null
876d75d2-16ae-4cb5-8773-4753595d5183
multi
Clutton's joint is seen in ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Congenital syphilis Syphilic ahritis Syphilic ahritis may be seen in congenital or acquired syphilis. Congenital syphilis The joint may be affected early or late : ? Early congenital syphilis : - Osteochondritis in juxta-epiphyseal region results in breakdown of the bone and cailage. Late congenital s...
4
Primary syphilis
Secondary syphilis
Teiory syphilis
Congenital syphilis
Surgery
null
eac11180-1b84-406c-ad5e-621a6e55751b
single
All are true of Nephrotic syndrome, except
null
1
RBC casts in urine
Hypo-proteinemia
Oedema
Hyperlipidemia
Medicine
null
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multi
A 46-year-old Texan develops a lesion in the vestibule of his mouth that on histological examination is revealed to be verrucouscarcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. What is true of this lesion?
Verrucous carcinoma is a low grade malignancy and is seen more frequently in the southern pa of the United States. It is found most commonly on the gingival buccal junction in tobacco chewers. It is grayish white and exophytic. wide local excision is Treatment of choice .Radiation may be tried for very large lesions.If...
1
It is most commonly found on the inside of the cheek.
It is associated with a high metastatic rate.
It is ulcerating in appearance.
It is best treated with radiation.
Surgery
Oral cavity
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multi
For a tooth with open apex, treated with calcium hydroxide for apexification, the most reliable sign before obturation is:
Weine recommends that the apexification procedure be completed in two appointments. After instrumentation, irrigation and drying of the canal during the first appointment, he advises sealing a sterile, dry, cotton pellet in the pulp chamber for 1 to 2 weeks. Placing a calcium hydroxide dressing in the canal is optional a...
4
Electric pulp testing
Thermal pulp testing
Tooth mobility
Tenderness on percussion
Dental
null
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single
The most common side-effect of chemotherapy administration is -
Side effects are unpredictable and depend on the type of chemo drug a person is using. Illness, easy bruising or bleeding, and hair loss are some of the most common side effects. Other common side effects include: nausea and vomiting Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 563
1
Nausea
Alopecia
Myelosuppression
Renal dysfunction
Medicine
Oncology
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single
True about metaplasia is
Answer- C. It is a reversible changeMetaplasia is an adaptive change in which one adult (mature) cell type is replaced by another adult (mature) cell.It is reversible.There is no pleomorphism, and cell polarity as well as cell & nuclear size are not altered.
3
Loss of polarity
Nucleus is smaller in size
It is a reversible change
Immature cells
Pathology
null
5624ce0e-aa07-4eaa-9fa3-016e08c84c60
multi
Blood agar is an example of:
Blood agar is an example of enriched media. Enriched media are cultural media that are enriched with whole or lysed blood, serum, special extracts, or nutrients to suppo the growth of those bacteria that cannot grow on the basal media. Other examples of enriched media are serum agar and chocolate agar. Selenite F broth...
2
Enrichment media
Enriched media
Nutrient media
Selective media
Microbiology
null
c55ac8e4-43ef-43c1-b37d-778ffb3cefef
single
Trans-esophageal echocardiography is better over trans- thoracic echocardiography in?
Ans. (b) Evaluation of left atria and left Atrial appendage thrombusRef.: Harrison 19th ed. /270e-2* Trans-esophageal echocardiography is better than trans- thoracic echocardiography as it is better able to evaluate the left Atrial thrombus and left Atrial appendage. Therefore in patients of atrial fibrillation of long...
2
Evaluation of left ventricle
Evaluation of left atria and left Atrial appendage thrombus
Evaluation of Pericardial fluid
Evaluation of commissural fusion
Medicine
Noninvasive Examination of the Heart
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single
Arsenophagists are :
C i.e. Persons tolerating high doses of As after taking arsenic in low doses at frequent intervals.
3
Criminals using arsenic for homicidal purpose
Person using arsenic as aboion stick
Person who can tolerate high doses of arsenic after taking arsenic in low doses at frequent intervals
Persons using it as cattle poison
Forensic Medicine
null
03c5fdbb-5e81-47bc-bc91-659aa076400f
single
Choice of intubation in Bilateral TMJ ankylosis for oral surgeries
Intubation is generally done with the help of endotracheal tube (ETT). The internal diameter of ETT used ranges between 3 and 8 mm depending on the age, sex, and size of nares of the patient. Potex north and south polar performed Rae tubes (RAE- right angled ETT) and flexo- metallic tubes are commonly used. Out of them...
1
North pole Rae tube
South Pole Rae tube
Tracheostomy
Cricothyrotomy
Surgery
null
6244829d-bb69-4a7e-88ce-4312ce13ec9d
single
In Kartagener syndrome, all are seen except:
Ans: c (Bronchial asthma) Ref: Robbins, 7th ed,727; Harrison, 16th ed,p. 1542Kartagener's syndrome is characterized by bronchiectasis, situs inversus and sinusitis. It is associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Lack of ciliary activity interferes with bacterial clearance, predisposes sinuses and bronchi to infectio...
3
Bronchiectasis
Situs inversus
Bronchial asthma
Sinusitis
Pathology
Respiration
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multi
Conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited by all except:
Ans. (D) Methimazole(Ref: KDT 8/e p252-253)Methimazole inhibits only thyroid peroxidase whereas propylthiouracil inhibits thyroid peroxidase as well as 5'-deiodinase. Later is involved in peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 (Katzung 12/e p688, Goodman Gilman 12/e p1150)
4
Propranolol
Propylthiouracil
Amiodarone
Methimazole
Pharmacology
Anti Thyroid
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multi
Which antineoplastic drug is a peptide?
Bleomycin This is a mixture of closely related glycopeptide antibiotics having potent antitumour activity. It chelates copper or iron, produces superoxide ions and intercalates between DNA strands-causes chain scission and inhibits repair . It is highly effective in testicular tumour and squamous cell carcinoma of skin...
1
Bleomycin
Aspaeme
Valinomycin
Dactinomycin
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
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single
All are the characteristics of cellulitis, EXCEPT
null
4
Acute onset
Doughy to indurated consistency
Caused by aerobic bacteria
Well circumscribed
Surgery
null
dea23967-536e-4f35-861a-61482f630c09
multi
Which of these is NOT a grievous hu under Sec 320 of the IPC?
Grievous Hu: S 320 IPC defines grievous hu and lists eight kinds of hu which it lables as "grievous". These clauses are not mutually exclusive for there can be injuries which may fall in more than one clause. However, the list is exhaustive in the sense that, the framers of the Code have used the term "only", while lis...
4
Loss of teeth
Loss of hearing of one ear
Emasculation
Abdominal stab with or without organ damage
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
Increased osmotic fragility is seen in -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hereditary spherocytosis Osmotic fragility of Red blood cells.o Red blood cell osmotic fragility is the resistance of RBC hemolysis to osmotic changes,o Normally RBC maintains osmotic equilibrium with the surrounding medium i.e., with a serum that has 0[?]9% NaCl.o As the surrounding medium becomes hy...
4
Alpha thalasemia
Beta thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
Unknown
null
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Tolazine is used as:
Ref; GOODMAN& GILMAN'S The Pharmacological Basis of the Therapeutics 10th edition (page no; 245) Tolazoline is an alpha adrenergic antagonist. used as an aid in visualizing distal peripheral vessels during aeriography and a vasodilator in treating coronary aery stenosis during angio-procedures
2
A thrombin inhibitor in perpheral angiography
A vasodilatol' in treating coronary aery stenosis during angio procedures
A vasoconstrictor in treatment of varices
antispasmodic during biliary spasm
Pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system
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single
In Community Needs Assessment approach as pa of the Reproductive & Child Health programme, the targets for various health activities are set at the level of-
Ans. is d i.e., District o The various activities of Reproductive and child Health Programme (RCH) arc targeted at the district level. "The RCH programme is based on a di iThrential approach. Inputs in all the districts have not been kept uniform. While the care component are the same for all districts, the weaker dist...
4
Community
Sub-centre
Primary health-centre
District
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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single
Not true about gas gangrene:
Ans. is. 'd' i. e. Metronidazole is the drug of choice
4
Most common cause is Cl perfringens
Extensive necrosis of muscles
Cl perfringens produce heat-labile spores
Metronidazole is the drug of choice
Microbiology
null
2f9acd5e-f70e-4236-abad-fbf65b0d12a0
multi
Psoralen-A is used in the treatment of -
Psoralen and many of its derivatives are naturally occurring tricyclic furocoumarins. The derivative most widely used in photochemotherapy is 8 - methoxypsoralen (8MOP, methoxsalen, xanthotoxin) which is principally of plant origin but it is available as a synthetic drug. 4, 5, 8-trimethyl psoralen (TMP, trioxsalen) is...
2
Pemphigus
Vitiligo
Pityriasis alba
Icthyosis
Dental
miscellaneous
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single
Principle used in radiotherapy is
B i.e. ionization of molecule
2
Cytoplasmic coagulation
Ionization of molecule
DNA damage
Necrosis of tissue
Radiology
null
cb8b5553-6aa6-49aa-94d6-b82206257be4
single
In direct laryngoscopy which of the following cannot be visualized:
(a) Cricothyroid(Ref. Dhingra, 6th ed., 422)In Direct laryngoscopy we are visualising the cavity of the larynx from within so cricothyroid muscle or membrane which lie externally cannot be seen.
1
Cricothyroid
Lingual surface of epiglottis
Arytenoids
Pyriform fossa
ENT
Anatomy of Larynx
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single
Which of the following is not intracapsular -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Lateral epicondyle o The capsular ligament of the elbow joint is attached to the lower end along a line that reaches the upper limits of the radial and coronoid fossae anterioly; and of the olecranon fossa posteriorly; so that these fossae lie within the joint cavity.o Medially, the line of attachment...
4
Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa
Olecranon fossa
Lateral epicondyle
Anatomy
Joints
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single
Action of parathormone on phosphate level ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Decreases phosphate level
1
Decreases phosphate level
Increases phosphate level
No effect
Variable effect
Physiology
null
d122ac78-b9fe-435e-bc56-a8a673aa3ed3
single
For NRR to be 1, couple protection rate should be?
To achieve the demographic goal of NRR 1 the couple protection rate (CPR) should have to be achieved by 60% far beyond the present level. The objective was to assess the contraceptive prevalence rate by different methods and to find out the correlation of different biosocial factors with the use of contraception.
3
20%
40%
60%
80%
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
2e226451-d296-4014-9c51-0ad4a7440a89
single
Period of onset in tetanus refers to the time between:
null
2
First injury to spasm
First symptom to spasm
First spasm to death
Trismus to laryngeal spasm
Surgery
null
5aed8bcf-ad8c-4973-b5d2-f775baf9bf1b
single
Anatomical snuffbox contains -
-        Boundaries of anatomical snuff box    Anterior/ Lateral wall- Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons.    Posterior/ medial wall- Extensor pollicis longus tendon    Floor- Styloid process of radius, trapezium,scaphoid and base of first metacarpal.    Roof- Skin, fascia, starting of ceph...
1
Radial artery
Brachial artery
Ulnar artery
Interosseus artery
Anatomy
null
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single
Tzank smear in a case of pemphigus vulgaris show
Cytodiagnosis is of most value in pemphigus and its various forms. Acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. It is absent in bullous pemphigoid, making it useful for differential diagnosis ...
1
Acantholytic cells
Macrophages
Fibroblasts
Neutrophils
Dental
All India exam
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single
The classification proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group for non - Hodgkin&;s lymphoma is known as -
<p>International Lymphoma Study Group (Harris et al) proposed revised European -American classification of lymphoid neoplasms (REAL classification ) .This classification was based on the hypothesis that all forms of lymphoid malignancies represent malignant counterpas of normal population of immune cells present in the...
2
Kiel classification
REAL classification
WHO classification
Rappapo classification
Medicine
Haematology
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single
A 37 yr old male brought to emergency room late after road traffic accident . On examination the capillary refilling time is delayed in the left lower limb . All are indications for amputation in this patient, except?
Causes of Amputations 'three Ds': (1) Dead, (2) Dangerous (3) Damned nuisance. Dead (or dying) Peripheral vascular disease accounts for almost 90% of all amputations. Other causes of limb death are Severe trauma, burns and frostbite. Dangerous disorders are malignant tumours, potentially lethal sepsis (Gas Gangrene) an...
1
Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension - 40mmHg
Severe Peripheral Vascular disease
Ankle-Brachial Index < 0.45
Fulminant Gas Gangrene
Orthopaedics
Amputations and Spos Injury
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multi
'Syndrome of apparent mineralocoicoid excess' is due to deficiency of
Syndrome of apparent mineralocoicoid excess is due to genetic deficiency of 11b-dehydrogenase-2, cause hypokalemia. Liddle's syndrome is caused by autosomal dominant gain-in-function mutations of ENaC subunits, cause hypokalemia. Loss of the transpo functions of the thick ascending loop of Henle and distal convoluted t...
2
11a--hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
11b--hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
12a--hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
12b--hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Medicine
Fluid and electrolytes
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single
Lupus anticoagulants may cause all of the following except:
Answer is C or None (Increased PT or None) Prothrombin time Ic usually not affected by Lupus Anticoagulant. The Lupus Anticoagulant typically causes an isolated prolongation of APTT. Prothrombin time is usually normal although slight prolongation in PT may also be observed `Lupus anticoagulant should be suspected in ca...
3
Recurrent aboion
False+ve VDRL results
Increase prothrombin time
Aerial thrombosis
Medicine
null
4afa1fd9-0cf9-45d7-b085-29777ee2c5dd
multi
Radical cure of plasmodium vivax is by:
Primaquine In contrast to other antimalarial drugs, primaquine is a poor erythrocytic schizontocide: has weak action on P. vivax, but blood forms of P. Jalciparum are totally insensitive. On the other hand, it is more active against the preerythrocytic stage of P. Jalciparum than that of P. vivax. Primaquine differs fr...
3
Chloroquine
Tetracycline
Primaquine
Aesunate
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
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single
The middle meningeal aery enters the cranium through the ?
The middle meningeal aery is the largest of the aeries supplying the dura mater. It is a branch of the maxillary aery and enters the cranium through the foramen spinosum.
1
Foramen spinosum
Foramen rotundum
Foramen magnum
Foramen ovale
Anatomy
null
e40983b0-00ba-4f3a-9684-b45df6840c12
single
Sphenoid vomer joint is which type of joint?
In fibrous joints the bones are joined by fibrous tissue.these joints are either immovable or permit a slight dgree of movement these can be grouped following three subtypes 1 sutures :these are peculiar to skull and are immovable according to shapre of bony margins the sutures can be Schindylesis;between rostrum of sp...
1
Schindylesis
Gomphoses
Syndesmoses
Synchondrosis
Anatomy
General anatomy
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single
Mechanism of action of paclitaxel is :
Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) act by increasing the polymerization of tubulin whereas vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine and vinorelbine) cause inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Both of these drugs act by causing the disruption of mitosis and are active in M-phase of the cell cycle.
2
Topoisomerase inhibition
Increases the polymerization of tubulin
Inhibits protein synthesis
Alkylation of DNA
Pharmacology
null
3294783f-447f-45cb-a636-afb8a59078b9
single
During progression of labor S/D of umbilical artery ratio?
Ans. b. DecreasesFeto-placental perfusion assessed with Doppler ultrasound by three methods. Systolic versus end diastolic flow velocity (S/D flow) in the umbilical vessels, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus.UMBILICAL ARTERY DOPPLERThis test measures the ratio of systolic and diastolic blood flow in the umbili...
2
Increases
Decreases
Persistent diastolic notch
Constant
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Physiology & Histology
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single
Most common cause ofAcute Intestinal Obstruction in neonates is -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Duodenal atresiao Most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction Meconium plug syndrome.o Second most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction Duodenal atresia.Impoant causes of intestinal obstruction in newbornMeconium plug syndrome o Duodenal atresia o Jujunoileal atresiaMalrotation of ...
3
Jejuna! atresia
Malrotation
Duodenal atresia
Acute Intussusception
Pediatrics
null
6158307b-a942-4636-917b-f502310dffba
single
Most important site for gastrin producing cells-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pylorus/Antrum * Gastrin is a polypeptide produced by G cells of gastric mucosa in the antrum of the stomach and the TG cells that are present throughout the stomach and small intestine. Gastrin secreting cells are also present in pituitary gland, brain and nerves, and the fetal pancreatic islets. Gas...
3
Body of stomach
Funds
Pylorus/Antrum
All of the above
Physiology
G.I.T.
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multi
All are useful in knowing the time since death Except
Sequential changes after death like the degree of rigor mois, postmoem hypostasis, postmoem cooling and extent of putrefactive changes are assessed. They will help a great deal in asceaining the time since death. Ref - Krishan Vij 5th edition
1
Cooling of the body
Rigor mois
Postmoem staining
Postmoem bruising
Forensic Medicine
Identification
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multi
The sac contains only a poion of the circumference of the intestine -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Richter's hernia
1
Richter's hernia
Littre' s hernia
Spigelian hernia
Lumber hernia
Surgery
null
ec50b75d-8a2c-4352-b6d8-1c5e91d7abac
single
Which of the following facial expressions indicate the rest position
Facial expression:  The following indicates rest position: Lips are even anteroposteriorly with slight contact. Skin around the eyes and chin is relaxed. Relaxation around the nostrils with unobstructed breathing. With experience the dentist learns to recognize, these features depicting rest position and will make me...
4
Lips are even anteroposteriorly with slight contact.
Skin around the eyes and chin is relaxed.
Relaxation around the nostrils with unobstructed breathing.
All of the above
Dental
null
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multi
The following statement about keloid is true ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Local recurrence is common after excision
2
They do not extend into normal skin
Local recurrence is common after excision
They often undergo malignant change
They are more common in whites than in blacks
Surgery
null
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multi
Breech presentation with hydrocephalus is managed by :
Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Cesarean section, Trans-abdominal decompression, PV decompression and Craniotomy of after coming head Management options in case of breech presentation with hydrocephalus Cephalocentesis : In this, excessive fluid is removed thereby reducing the fetal head size, allowing vaginal delivery. It can...
4
Cesarean section
Trans-abdominal decompression
PV decompression and Craniotomy of aftercoming head both
All of the above
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
c2b8b761-b173-4972-bf2e-b6e277d44c18
multi
A person was diagnosed with Gout. You will suggest the patient to avoid which of the following food product in his diet ?
Foods avoided in Gout : Foods rich in Purine are : 1. Vegetarian- Spinach, Peas, Cauliflower, Mushrooms 2. Non-vegetarian- Meat, Liver, Fish (tuna). 3. Alcohol & heavy exercise causes lactic acidosis & hyperuricemia.
4
Whisky & Beer
Spinach & Mushrooms
Meat & Fish
All
Biochemistry
Nucleotides
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multi
Specific gravity of amniotic fluid
Specific gravity of the amniotic fluid is 1.010 Fluid is faintly alkaline It becomes highly hypotonic to maternal serum at term pregnancy Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 34.
2
1.213
1.01
1.51
1.1
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
General obstetrics
fed2d236-0b62-4de1-9065-2fa829fecc92
single
Not a direct branch of arch of aoa ?
Branches of arch of aoa are :- i) Brachiocephalic trunk ii) Left common carotid aery iii) Left subclan aery Right common carotid aery and right subclan aery arise from brachiocephalic trunk (Brachiocephalic trunk divides into right common carotid and right subclan aeries).
4
Left common carotid aery
Left subclan aery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Right common carotid aery
Anatomy
null
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single
Naf inhibits
Enolase requires Mg2++, and by removing magnesium ions, fluoride will irreversibly inhibit this enzyme. Thus fluoride will stop the whole glycolysis.Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 111
1
Enolase
Glucokinase
Hexokinase
G-6 PD
Biochemistry
Metabolism of carbohydrate
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single
Bacterial endocarditis can cause all except -
null
4
Cerebral infarct
Focal glomerulonephritis
Meninigitis
Subcutaneous nodules
Pathology
null
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multi
Ganser syndrome is a feature of -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dissociative disorder Dissociative disordero The essential feature of the dissociative disorder is a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment Dissociative disorder areDissociative (psychogenic) amnesia It is the most common type...
3
OCD
Conversion disorder
Dissociative disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Psychiatry
Symptoms & Signs
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single
patient develops to have malaria smear shows all stages of schizonts 14-20 merozoites, yellowish brown pigment . what is type of malaria
p.vivax= yellowish brown pigment = 12-24 = merozoites p.falciparum= dark brown = 18-24 merozoites p.malariae= dark brown = 8 merozoites p. ovale = dark yellow = 8-12 merozoites ref : ananthanaryana 9th ed
3
p.vivax
p.malariae
p.falciparum
p.ovale
Microbiology
All India exam
388639e4-fa78-40e0-86ec-b51a69bb6081
multi
The Electron Microscopy is viually diagnostic in renal biopsy study of -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Alpo syndromeo Alpo's syndrome presents with characteristic histological features on electron microscopy. Such changes may present in other diseases, but are most pronounced and widespread in Alpo's syndrome.Features of Alpo's syndrome on electron microscopy :o Alpo's patients early in their disease t...
3
Goodpasture's syndrome
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Alpo syndrome
Wegner's granulomatosis
Pathology
null
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multi
The following is true of anti-H. pylori therapy EXCEPT:
Triple drug therapy for H. pylori is indicated in those patients in whom infection is detected by urea breath test. Since H. pylori becomes less virulent in the absence of acid, combination with PPI is more effective. Because resistance can develop to single agents, these are used in combination. Colloidal bismuth subc...
1
It is indicated in all patients of peptic ulcer
Resistance to any single antimicrobial drug develops rapidly
Concurrent suppression of gastric acid enhances the efficacy of the regimen
Colloidal bismuth directly inhibits H. pylori but has poor patient Acceptability
Pharmacology
Kidney, Respiratory, GIT and Autacoids
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multi
An 82-year-old hospitalized patient with creatinine clearance of 25 mL/min has a microbial infection requiring treatment with antibiotics. Which one of the following drugs is least likely to require a dosage adjustment, either a smaller dose than usual or an increased interval between doses?
Erythromycin is eliminated largely via biliary excretion and decreases in renal function do not usually require a dosage reduction unless creatinine clearance <10mL/min. All of the other antimicrobial drugs listed are eliminated by the kidney, at rates proportional to creatinine clearance, so major dose reductions woul...
2
Arnphotericin B
Erythromycin
Gentamicin
Imipenem-cilastatin
Pharmacology
Anti Microbial
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multi
Bih weight of a child doubles at five months of age while the bih length doubles at the age of -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4 year
4
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
Pediatrics
null
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single
Which of the following drugs can be used for secondary prevention of coronary aery disease?
Ans. is'a'i.e., GemfibrozilGemfibrozilThis fibric acid derivative effectively lowers plasma TG level by enhancing breakdown and suppressing hepatic synthesis of TGs.Besides high efficacy in type III hyperlipoproteinemia, gemfibrozil has shown action in subjects with raised blood CH in addition.In the 'Helsinki Hea Stud...
1
Gemfibrozil
Colestipol
Temisaan
Vitamin E
Pharmacology
null
33952ca2-8eef-48a7-8f81-f75e24ca0a23
single
All of the following drugs are effective for cervical ripening during pregnancy except :
Ripening of cervix is changing the cervical matrix from sol to gel state by dissolving the collagen bundles making cervix soft. Drugs used for cervical ripening are: Prostaglandin - Dinoprostal gel and Misoprostal tablet Steroid receptor antagonist - Mifepristone, Onapristone Relaxin Glyceryl trinitrite, isosorbide mon...
3
Prostaglandin E2
Oxytocin
Progesterone
Misoprostol
Anatomy
General obstetrics
88871c12-2c07-4b12-ad23-8e7e4564dc38
multi
Uncoupler in ETC
Dinitrophenol (DNP) a potent uncoupler is amphipathic and increase the permeability of the lipoid inner mitochondrial membrane to protons (H+), thus reducing the electrochemical potential and sho-circuiting the ATP synthase. In this way, oxidation can proceed without phosphorylation.Ref: MN Chatterjea Textbook of Medic...
3
H2S
Antimycin a
2, 4-dinitrophenol
Barbiturates
Biochemistry
Respiratory chain
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single
A 5-year-old unimmunised child presented with sore throat & swelling of neck. On examination of throat, the following was seen. What is the most probable causative organism?
A membrane is seen over the tonsil in this child with swelling of neck: suggestive of Diphtheria. Diphtheria typically follows an incubation period of 2-5 days. - Infection is slower in onset with less local discomfo often resembling a typical viral upper respiratory infection (URI) - Localized or coalescing pseudo mem...
4
Streptococcus pyogenes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Staphylococcus aureus
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pediatrics
Impoant Bacterial Diseases in Children
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single
Which of the following is viually diagnostic of aoitis on chest X-Ray?
B i.e. Calcification of ascending aoa - Saccular aneurysm with pencil - thin (linear) dystrophic calcification most commonly in ascending aoa commencing near the aoic rootQ is charcteristic feature of syphilitic aoitis. - Aoic aneurysm in Marfan's syndrome often involves sinuses of valsalva, & ascending aoa. It can als...
2
Calcification in descending aoa
Calcification of ascending aoa
Calcification of pulmonary aery
Focal oligemia
Radiology
null
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multi
Health promotion includes:
Ans: D (Health.....) HEALTH PROMOTION Park 23rd/ 43# It is process of enabling people to increase control over & to improve health# The well known interventions in this area are: health education, environmental modification, nutritional interventions & life style & behavioural changes # Health education: This is one of...
4
PAS smear
Mass treatment
Immunization
Health education
Social & Preventive Medicine
Health Education & Communication
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single
A 12 year old girl presents with a yellowish "bihmark" on the scalp. Her mother repos that the lesion has progressively become thicker and way. She is asymptomatic but they are concern regarding the cosmetic appearance. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Nevus sebaceous appears usually on the scalp. Made of extra sebaceous glands in the skin. It stas as a flat pink or orange plaque (slightly raised area). Hair does not grow in a nevus sebaceous. During adolescence, they can become very bumpy and wa- like. A nevus sebaceous does not go away on its own. T/t: Surgery Seba...
3
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Congenital was
Nevus sebaceous
Aplasia cutis
Dental
Naevi and vessel related disorders
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single
Antidepressant drug used in nocturnal eneuresis is:
A i.e. ImipramineAdverse effects ofTCAsl. Anticholinergic - Dry mouth, bad taste, urinary retention, blurred vision, palpitation, constiPation.2. Sedation, mental confusion, weakness.3. Increased appetite and veigfit gain.4. Sweating andfinc tremer.5. Decreased seizure threshold (clomipramine, maprotiline & bupropion)....
1
Imipramine
Fluoxetine
Trazdone
Sealine
Psychiatry
null
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single
Iron poisoning in 4 year child, R X includes –a) Stomach lavageb) Desferrioxamine IV 100 mgc) X–ray abdomend) Blood transfusion
Iron poisoning Ingestion of a number of ferrous sulphate tablets may cause acute iron poisoning. Clinical features Severe vomiting                          GI bleeding      Diarrhea      There may be severe shock, hepatic & renal failure                          Treatment of Iron poisoning Because iron is radio-op...
4
a
c
ac
bc
Pediatrics
null
288a504b-52f0-41f2-8081-366707a88dfc
single
In deep incised wounds, Langer's lines determine?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gaping Gaping is more when the skin is cut across the Langer's line. Incised wound It is a clean cut through the tissues (usually, skin and subcutaneous tissue), caused by sharp-edged object. which is longer than its depts, when the weapon is struck or pressed and drawn across the body pa, i.e., there...
2
Direction
Gaping
Shelving
Healing
Forensic Medicine
null
6db68f02-eea8-488a-8ee3-07c61f640df1
single
Which of the following is seen in COPD?
Chronic bronchitis: Follicular bronchiolitis: Desquamative pneumonitis: Chemical pneumonitis One type of COPD Inflammed bronchial tubes produce lots of mucus Leads to coughing and difficulty breathing Cigarette smoking is the most common cause Known as hyperplasia of the BALT ( Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) Cha...
1
Chronic bronchitis
Follicular bronchiolitis
Desqumative pneumonitis
Chemical pneumonitis
Pathology
Obstructive Lung Disease
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single
Most common cause of Croup ?
Ans. is `d.' i.e., Parainfluenza virus Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) Laryngotracheobronchitis is the most common infectious cause of obstruction in children usually occurring between the ages of 6 months and 3 years. Male children (boys) are characteristically more frequently involved than females (girls) Etiology I...
4
H influenza
S pneumoniae
Influenza virus
Parainfluenza virus
ENT
null
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single
Commonest treatment of Branchial cyst
A branchial cyst probably develops from the vestigial remnants of the second branchial cleft, is usually lined by squamous epithelium, and contains thick, turbid fluid full of cholesterol crystals. The cyst usually presents in the upper neck in early or middle adulthood and is found at the junction of the upper third a...
3
Cystectomy
Aspiration
Excision
Nothing done
Surgery
Head and neck
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single
A 30 yr old female with whose blood routine showed RBC count of 4.5 million, MCV 55fl and TLC 8000. There is no history of blood transfusion. What is your diagnois?
. Thalessemia minor
3
Iron deficiency anemia
Thalessemia major
Thalessemia minor
Megaloblastic anemia
Pathology
null
749cf443-0ebe-4584-a020-f1802fd34e8b
single
Murder is punished under
Refer the byte "Legal sections".
3
300 IPC
307 IPC
302 IPC
304 IPC
Forensic Medicine
null
ca7eea66-7505-46f9-a10a-9ce892505920
single
Transient acute adrenal insufficiency is seen with which of the following drug.
Etomidate causes adrenal gland suppression. It inhibits an enzyme 11 beta hydroxylase on essential enzyme for coisol synthesis. Etomidate has the highest incidence (40%) of post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) among the intravenous anesthetics. Propofol has antiemetic propeies thereby reducing PONV. Other potentia...
1
Etomidate
Propofol
Thiopentone
Ketamine
Anaesthesia
Intravenous Anesthetic Agents
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single
First rank symptoms of schizophrenia are all except
First Rank Symptoms (SFRS) of Schizophrenia 1. Audible thoughts: Voices speaking out thoughts aloud or 'thought echo'. 2. Voices heard arguing: Two or more hallucinatory voices discussing the subject in the third person. 3. Voices commenting on one's action. 4. Thought withdrawal: Thoughts cease and subject experiences...
1
Ambivalence
Running commentary
Primary delusion
Somatic passivity
Psychiatry
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
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multi
All of the following are true for anaemic retinopathy except
Anaemic retinopathy In anaemia, retinal changes are liable to occur when haemoglobin level falls by 50 percent and are consistently present when it is below 35 percent (5 gm%). Anaemic retinopathy is characterised by pale aerioles and a pale general background of the fundus. Retinal veins are dilated. Superficial retin...
3
Occurs when haemoglobin level falls below 5 gm%
Aerioles become pale
Veins are pale and narrow
Superficial retinal and subhyaloid haemorrhage are seen
Ophthalmology
Cornea and sclera
11c0e64c-e7db-407c-be60-2081af0fe776
multi
Which cell is not seen in Hodgkin lymphoma -
null
4
Reed sternberg cell
Lacunar cell
L & H cell
Langerhan cell
Pathology
null
7eb9708d-31b5-402e-b838-74b1f8ee69b9
single
Regarding synthesis of triacylglycerol in adipose tissue, all of the following are true except
SYNTHESIS OF TRIGLYCERIDES (TAG) Liver and adipose tissue are the major sites of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. The TAG synthesis in adipose tissue is for storage of energy whereas in liver it is mainly secreted as VLDL and is transpoed to peripheral tissues. The TAG is synthesised by esterification of fatty acyl CoA...
2
Synthesis from Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Enzyme Glycerol Kinase plays an impoant role
Enzyme Glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase plays an impoant role
Phosphatidate is hydrolyzed
Biochemistry
Metabolism of lipid
506bb446-441a-4f49-a44b-187a10cc1542
multi
Following an accident a man developed paralytic squint. Regarding Paralytic squint, TRUE is:
The signs and symptoms of paralysis of any extraocular muscle are: Squint Limitation of ocular movements Diplopia False orientation Abnormal position of the head Veigo Ref: Parsons' Diseases of the Eye By Ramanjit Sihota & Radhika Tandon, 21st edition, Page 425.
1
Diplopia
Tunnel vision
Vitreous haemorrhage
Floaters
Ophthalmology
null
29f3f3f8-64f5-4bf5-8a9d-b3e3192d96a7
multi
Ultra structure finding of irreversible injury
Amorphous densities in mitochondria Ref , Robbins 7/e p41-2 ,9/ep42
2
Ribosomal detachment from endoplasmic reticulum
Amorphous densities in mitochondria
Formation of phagolysosomes
Cell swelling
Anatomy
General anatomy
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single
In a study of lifestyle influences on health, investigators observe that sending children outside to play instead of letting them sit for hours in front of the television can have long-term health benefits. Which of the following tissues is most likely to be in better condition by middle age from this lifestyle change?
Vitamin D can be synthesized endogenously in the skin with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Together, vitamin D and calcium help build and maintain growing bone. Exercise helps build bone mass, which protects against osteoporosis later in life, particularly in women. Renal function is not greatly affected by the env...
1
Bone fractures
Ocular cataracts
Urinary tract calculi
Pulmonary emphysema
Pathology
Environment & Nutritional Pathology
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single