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Precocious puberty may be seen in all of the following conditions except.
Ans. is d, i.e. HyperthyroidismRef: Jeffcoate 7th/ed, p116-118* Remember hypothyroidism and not hyperthyroidism causes precocious puberty.Reason:In hypothyroidism|| TSH|| Stimulation of FSH|Precocious pubertyIf precocious puberty is associated with delayed bone age it suggests primary hypothyroidism.Q
4
Granulosa - cell tumour
Head - injury
Corticosteroid intake
Hyperthyroidism
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Sex Intersexuality
412f43ca-7072-48ca-a894-4754abe86aa6
multi
For each description, choose the neurotransmitter with which it is usually associated: Ingestion of l-tryptophan increases the levels of this substance in the brain.
The amino acid l-tryptophan is the precursor for serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter needed for non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep as well as for mood and pain modulation. Up to 70 to 90% of brain norepinephrine is produced in the pontine nucleus, locus ceruleus. Dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia and also in ...
1
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Psychiatry
null
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multi
In a child with respiratory distress, failure to thrive. His sweat chloride leveles were estimated 35 meq/L and 41 meq/L. What is next best test to do cystic fibrosis for diagnosis aEUR'
Trans epithelial nasal potential difference Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis Sweat chloride testing The sweat test is the standard approach to diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by elevated sodium and chloride level in the sweat > 60 meoll. Two tests on different days are required .for accurate diagnosis. A normal sweat chlo...
3
Nasal transmembrane potential difference
DNA analysis AF 508 mutation
CT chest
72 hour fecal fat estimation
Pediatrics
null
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single
False about Turner's syndrome are all except:
The question is asking about true statement about Turner's syndrome out of all options. Only Normal intelligence is true and while all other options provide a false explanation of Turner's syndrome as explained below: Turner syndrome Genotype is X0 Female is affected Only monosomy compatible with life Have zero Barr bo...
3
Long stature
Normal gonads
Normal intelligence
Normal breast
Biochemistry
Genetic Disorders
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multi
Which one of the following statements is false with regard to Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Often affects those younger than 8 years of age Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a form of chronic pyelonephritis characterised by destruction of renal parenchyma and the presence of granulomas, abscesses and collection of lipid laden foamy macrophages (foam cells). Xanthogranulomatous pvelonephr...
1
Often affects those younger than 8 years of age.
It affects the kidney focally more frequently than diffusely
Boys are affected more frequently.
Clinical presentation in chidren is same as in adults
Pediatrics
null
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multi
Burning epigastric pain is due to -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Reflux esophagitis
2
Vomiting
Reflux esophagitis
Duodenal ulcer
Gastric ulcer
Surgery
null
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single
Stunning of myocardium without any acute coronary syndrome is:-
A/k as broken hea syndrome High degree of emotional stress Increase catecholamines Coronary aery vasospasm | Ischemic dilatedcardiomyopathy M/E: Acute stage a necrosis + contraction band necrosis - Histologically, acute cases may show microscopic areas of necrosis characterized by myocyte hypercontraction (contraction ...
3
Subendocardial infarction
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Transmural infarction
Pathology
NEET 2018
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single
All of the following are indications for eicosanoids or their inhibitors EXCEPT:
PGE1 derivatives like misoprostol are used for aboion. PG inhibitors like indomethacin and ibuprofen are used for treatment of PDA. PGE1 derivative alprostadil is used to keep the ductus aeriosus open before surgery of patient with transposition of great vessels. PG like iloprost are indicated in pulmonary hypeension b...
2
Aboion
Essential hypeension
Patent ductus aeriosus
Transposition of the great aeries
Pharmacology
NSAIDs, Gout and Rheumatoid Ahritis
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multi
Following are the characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans EXCEPT
null
1
Noncapsulated fungus infecting man
Causes meningitis
Melanin production related to virulence
Basidiomycetes yeast
Microbiology
null
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multi
"Sampling error" occurs due to the variation in results-
Taking repeated samples from the same population will result in a difference in the results obtained between samples; this is called SAMPLING ERROR. It occurs because data was gathered between samples rather than from the entire population. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. ...
1
Between one sample and another
Between the observations of two individuals
Due to the use of many instruments in the study
Due to the multiple readings taken on the same instrument
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
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single
Most sensitive test for metastatic deposit is:
Ans. Isotope scan
1
Isotope scan
CT scan
Skeletal survey
Tomography
Radiology
null
90ba63ac-0247-4b39-aaed-c9a64b03fa52
single
Drumstick appearence is seen in :
null
4
Cl. tetani
Cl. tetanomorphum
Cl. sphenoids
All of the above
Microbiology
null
58e3ac7d-9908-4089-9a54-bc955fae3f45
multi
Which is the teeth referred to if by haderup classification it is denoted as (- 4) ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lower first premolar
2
Upper canine
Lower first premolar
Upper second premolar
Lower first molar
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
A 47-year-old HIV-positive man is brought to the emergency room because of weakness. The patient has HIV nephropathy and adrenal insufficiency. He takes trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for PCP prophylaxis and is on triple-agent antiretroviral treatment. He was recently started on spironolactone for ascites due to alcohol...
This patient has life-threatening hyperkalemia as suggested by the ECG changes in association with documented hyperkalemia. Death can occur within minutes as a result of ventricular fibrillation, and immediate treatment is mandatory. Intravenous calcium is given to combat the membrane effects of the hyperkalemia, and m...
4
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Acute hemodialysis
IV normal saline
IV calcium gluconate
Medicine
Kidney
d326c818-0bf8-42fd-92a1-f6e0942fa1cf
single
Which metal poisoning can be detected analysing bone :
A i.e. Arsenic
1
Arsenic
Nickel
Chromium
Lead
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
Kawasaki disease is associated with all except:
c. Thrombocytopenia(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1216-1217, Ghai 8/e p 632-633)Mnemonic:Diagnostic Criteria for Kawasaki DiseaseFever persisting at least 5 days with presence of at least 4 features out of 5 (CREAM):Conjunctivitis: Rash, Edema & erythema of palms & soles, Adenopathy and Mucosal involvement: Strawberry tongue
3
Erythema
Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Thrombocytopenia
Conjunctivitis
Pediatrics
New Born Infants
477c9e67-2a90-4c0f-97bf-7cb2a99ba3ff
multi
Among Bipyridyl herbicides, 1) Diquat is only half as toxic as paraquat 2) Diquat doesnot produce pulmonary toxicity
Diquat is only half as toxic as paraquat Diquat doesnot produce pulmonary toxicity
1
Both are true
Both are false
1 is true, 2 is false
2 is true, 1 is false
Forensic Medicine
Toxicology - 1
b7a644dd-cff6-45ac-9b95-af948ea20dad
multi
Which of the following is a new drug recently approved for treatment of neovascular age related macular degeneration?
*Brolucizumab is a monoclonal antibody against VEGF. *It is recently approved for wet (neovascular) age related macular degeneration.* Istradefylline is adenosine A2 receptor antagonist. It is approved for off episodes in Parkinsonism* Lefamulin is a new antimicrobial that acts by inhibiting protein synthesis. It is ap...
1
Brolucizumab
Istradefylline
Lefamulin
Upadacitinib
Pharmacology
Targeted Anticancer Drugs and Immunosuppressants
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single
Cancer management in which of following malignancies has dramatically increased the survival?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., ALL in children Prognosis of ALLThe survival rate has improved from zero four decades ago to 20-75 percent currently, largely due to clinical trials on new chemotherapeutic agents and improvements in stem cell transplantation (SCT) technology.Glioblastoma multiforme (grave iv) is an aggressive form of...
3
Esophagus carcinoma
Glioblastoma multiforme
ALL in children
Cholangiocarcinoma
Pediatrics
Malignancies
38031385-ec88-4ffc-ad26-1b29b1c046ef
multi
Which of the following is not component of acinus?
Ans. is `a' i.e., Pulmonary lobule o Pulmonary lobule is not a component of acinus, rather cluster of 3-5 terminal bronchioles with acinus form pulmonary lobule. Respiratory tract anatomy o Progressive branching of bronchi forms bronchioles. o Fuher branching of bronchioles leads to terminal bronchioles. o Terminal bro...
1
Pulmonary lobule
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sac
Pathology
null
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single
All are true regarding Tinea versicolor except:
Ref: Fungal infections, hi: Thappa DM, editor. Essentials in Dermatology, 2ndedth, New Delhi: Jay pee brothers medical publishers (P) Lid 2009:57-7}.Explanation:Tinea VersicolorCausative agent: Pitryrosporuni orbiculare (Malassezia furfur)It is a superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by Malassezia furfur and ...
3
Orange fluorescence inWood lamp examination
Caused by Malessesia globosa
Griseofulvin is the drug of choice
Both hypo and byperpigmented lesions
Unknown
null
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multi
External ballottement can be done after how many weeks of gestation: Manipal 10
Ans. 20 weeks
3
6 weeks
16 weeks
20 weeks
24 weeks
Forensic Medicine
null
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multi
Which of the following is initial investigation of choice for a patient presenting with solitary nodule of thyroid: March 2005
Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for thyroid nodules, and the ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the preferred method of tissue.
2
Thyroid function test
FNAC
Radionuclide scan
MRI
Surgery
null
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single
A 26 year old man died suddenly during spoing activity. At autopsy the hea revealed chamber and septum Hyperophy. The most likely diagnosis is
Answer is A. (HOCM): Sudden death following competitive spos in young individuals is characteristic of hyperophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The presence of chamber and septal hyperophy on autopsy confirms the suspected diagnosis of HOCM
1
HOCM
DCM
Arrhythmogenic cardiac problem
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Medicine
null
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single
Tertiary vitreous is represented by-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zonular system 'Tertiary vitreous indicates the zonular system. The primary and secondary vitreous are stages in development of vitreous. However the tertiary vitreous i.e. the zonules are named so only because of their proximity to the vitreous'* The tertiary vitreous or the zonular system includes :...
1
Zonular system
Ciliary body
Anterior uvea
Lens
Ophthalmology
Vitreous
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single
All of the following are features of chronic tonsillitis except
Clinical features of chronic tonsillitis1 Recurrent attacks of sore throat or acute tonsillitis.2. Chronic irritation in throat with cough.3. Bad taste in mouth and foul breath (halitosis) due to pus in crypts.4. Thick speech, difficulty in swallowing and choking spells at night (when tonsils are large and obstructive)...
3
Pus in crypts
Congestion of anterior pillar
Congestion of posterior pillar
Enlargement of jugulodigastric lymph nodes
ENT
Ear
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multi
Several segments of the polypeptide chain of integral membrane proteins usually span the lipid bilayer. These segments frequently (NOT RELATED)
.
1
Adopt an a-helical configuration
Contain many hydrophilic amino acids
Form covalent bonds with cholesterol
Contain unusually strong peptide bonds
Pharmacology
All India exam
9c839c5d-dd32-44b3-8ca9-a7a99d36691b
multi
Enzyme deficiency responsible for gout are all except:
Ref: Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry,28th editionExplanation:Hyperuricemia - Uric acid level:Males > 7 mg / dLFemales > 6 mg / dLAccumulation of insoluble monosodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid causes inflammationAcute arthritis.Deposition in cooler areas - TophiRenal lithiasis.PRIMARY GOUT- CausesAbnormality...
2
PRPP synthase
Pseudogout enzyme
5 - phosphoribosyl amido transferase
Glucose 6 phosphatase
Biochemistry
Urea Cycle and Disorders
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multi
Dracanculosis elimination program, which of the following activities is not evaluated to know the extent of goal achievement ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e.,Registration of new casesThe extent to which Dracanculosis Medinensis Elimination program goals are achieved can be determind by calculating the the percentage of planned activities that are actually carried out. A list of these activities is as follows:Provision of protected water sources. Health educ...
4
Provision of protected water sources
Health education
Chemical disinfection of water sources
Registration of new cases
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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single
A major causal factor in some cases of hypogonadism is
Reduced secretion of GnRH will result in extremely low levels of circulating LH and FSH, causing testicular atrophy, as in Kallmann's syndrome.
1
Reduced secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Hypersecretion of pituitary LH and FSH as the result of increased GnRH
Excess secretion of testicular activin by Seoli cells
Failure of the hypothalamus to respond to testosterone
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
All India exam
5ce65f8c-c458-4a9e-a1ed-79e22578e9c1
single
Lumbar hemiveebra results due to the abnormal development of the following embryonic structure:
The ventromedial pa of the somites is called the sclerotome. The cells of the sclerotome migrate medially. They surround the neural tube and give rise to the veebral column and ribs. The veebral body may ossify from two primary centers which soon fuse. One of these pas may fail to develop, resulting in only half of the...
4
Dorsal sclerotome
Intermediate cell mass
Notochord
Ventral sclerotome
Anatomy
null
cde571df-264d-413b-8e2d-548aed3c156a
single
Which of the following is the most common central nervous system parasitic infestation-
null
4
Echinococcosis
Sparganosis
Paragonimiasis
Neurocysticercosis
Medicine
null
150acfe8-76be-4bd2-a5a4-6c5906ec882d
single
All are used to treat hypercalcemia, EXCEPT :
Ans. is ' a' D-penicillamine D-penicillamine has no role in the treatment of hypercalcemiaTreatment of hypercalcemia*Hydration with salineForced diuresis, saline plus loop diureticBiphosphonates - Etidronate and pamidronateCalcitoninSpecial used therapies are :Phosphates (Oral and Intravenous)GlucocorticoidsGallium nit...
1
D-penicillamine
Corticosteroid
Biphosphonate
Mithramycin
Pharmacology
Chelating Agent
744a9104-0b79-4273-8d00-51030cd59660
multi
Crystal of pseudogout is made up of ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., CPPD
1
CPPD
Urate
Calcium carbonate
Xanthine
Surgery
null
30690d19-63f8-48bd-bd66-d565ac8375fa
single
Defect in Amyloid protein folding occurs in:
PROTEIN MISFOLDING AND DISEASES- (1) Amyloidosis - Amyloids is used to refer to the altered proteins (with beta-sheets) that accumulate in the body, paicularly in the nervous system Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder Accumulation of beta amyloid. Other example of amyloidosis:- Type Protein Implicated P...
1
Alzheimer disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Scrapie disease
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
Biochemistry
DNB 2018
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single
Bacteria is not shed in -
in latent infection the host does not shed the infectious agent which lies dormant within the host without symptoms.and often without demonstrable presence in blood ,tisssues ,or bodily secretions of the host.latent infection occurs in herpes simplex,zinser disease,infections due to slow viruses ,ancylostomiasis,etc.th...
2
Carrier state
Latent infection
Incubation period
Subclinical infection
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
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single
Possible mechanisms causing pain in patients with endometriosis include all except
Possible mechanisms causing pain in patients with endometriosis include:- Local peritoneal inflammation, Deep infiltration with tissue damage, Adhesion formation, Fibrotic thickening, Collection of shed menstrual blood in endometriotic implants, resulting in painful traction with the physiologic movement of tissues.
4
Local peritoneal inflammation
Deep infiltration with tissue damage
Collection of shed menstrual blood in endometriotic implants
Septic seeding of the endometriotic implants
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Endometriosis & H
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multi
Most common malocclusion found in people is:
Class I Malocclusion  A large sampling of our population would show that a majority of the malocclusions are Angle’s Class I malocclusion.
1
Class I with incisor crowding
Class II division 1
Class II division 2
Class III
Dental
null
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single
Accidental small splenic rupture is treated with -
The placement of a simple monofilament suture through the splenic parenchyma (often in a mattress technique and incorporating a piece of Gelfoam or an omental patch placed at the site of bleeding) will often bring about satisfactory hemostasis.
4
Catgut sutures
Silk sutures
Omental patch
Catgut suturing with omental patch
Surgery
null
f0bd398f-3d90-4de0-9b9e-58b6c179c1ac
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In presence of secondary sexual characters cause screening for primary amenorrhea is done at
Primary amenorrhoea is defined as the absence of secondary sexual characters by 14 yrs of age or absence of menarche in the presence of secondary sexual characters till 16 yrs of age, In the sequence of pubeal development the changes are as follows thelarche, increased growth spu, pubarche, menarche. As menarche is the...
3
12years
14 years
16 years
18 years
Anatomy
All India exam
698220f5-3f8d-4d96-8b29-55c18b9dff28
single
The primary function of basal ganglia is
(A) Preprogramming of voluntary activity > Basal ganglia are involved in the planning and programming of movement or, more broadly, in the process by which an abstract thought is converted into voluntary action. Basal ganglia also play major role in some cognitive processes.
1
Preprogramming of voluntary activity
Control of equilibrium
Sensory integration
Short term memory
Physiology
Nervous System
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single
Diagnostic of antemortum drowning -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Weeds and grass in clenched hands PM findings of drowningExternal findingsA) Specific (diagnostic)i) White, fine, lathery, abundant and tenacious froth at nose and mouth which increases on chest compression.ii) Weeds, grass, plants, mud or stones in tightly clenched hands.B) Non-specifici) Washer woma...
2
Palatauf's hemorrhage
Weeds and grass in clenched hands
Emphysema aquosum
Water in esophagus
Forensic Medicine
Injuries
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single
Endoscopic stapling procedure would be ideal in
Stappling of diveicula is done as a treatment procedure for pharyngeal pouch(Zenker's diveiculum). Other method is Dohlman's procedure. In this Pouch is excised using double lipped endoscopy. Cautery or laser is used. It is quicker procedure with sho duration of anaesthesia, with fast recovery. Other treatment option i...
1
Pharyngeal pouch
Gastric ulcer
Esophageal varices
Perforation
Surgery
G.I.T
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single
Which artery is dissected most commonly following arteriography by femoral route –
null
3
Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Radiology
null
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single
Which of the following is poor prognostic factor in a child with ALL?
Specific chromosomal translocations in ALL,including t(8;14,associated with Burkitt leukemia),t(4;11) in infant leukemia,t(9,22)translocation that forms the Philadelphia chromosome,t(1,19) translocation associated with probable CNS relapse,are associated with a poor prognosis.The age group of 2-10 yrs have satisfactory...
3
Age 2-8 yrs
Total leucocyte count < 50,000
t (9;22); t (4;11); t (1;19)
Absent blasts in peripheral smear
Pediatrics
Childhood tumors
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multi
A 74 yr old male patient was brought to the OPD by his daughter complaining of urinary incontinence and ataxia, also he has difficulty in calculating simple arithemetics and memory loss. What is the probable diagnosis
CLINICAL FEATURES IN NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS Difficulty walking. This problem can be mild or severe. ... Dementia. This often involves confusion, sho-term memory loss/forgetfulness, trouble paying attention, changes in mood, and a lack of interest in daily activities. Problems with bladder control. REF : HARRISON...
1
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Vascular dementia
VIT B12 dofficiency
Tabes dorsalis
Medicine
All India exam
86ba5921-fef1-4edc-8aa4-13878099ffae
single
Commonest presentation of Ca rectum is:
Bleeding is the earliest and most common symptom. Often the bleeding is slight in amount. Alteration in bowel habit is the next most frequent symptom. An early morning urgency may occur but he passes only mucus & blood (early morning bloody diarrhea). An annular carcinoma at pelvi-rectal jn. may lead to constipation & ...
3
Diarrhoea
Constipation
Bleeding P/R
Feeling of incomplete defaecation
Surgery
null
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single
Cavity conditioning in ART is done by
null
4
Cocoa Butter
Petroleum Jelly
37% Phosphoric Acid
10% Polyacrylic Acid
Dental
null
34821cb1-5d8f-4f48-b608-bab4ec260f2d
single
All of the following factors tend to increase the volume of distrubtion of a drug except
Ref-katzung 10/e per,35 If a drug is highly bound to plasma proteins ,it is more likely to stay in blood.thus it's Vd will be less . Low ionization ours the distribution of a drug because unionized molecules can cross the membrane of blood vessels and the tissue More lipid soluble drugs can easily cross the membrane an...
1
High plasma protein binding
Low ionization at physiological pH values
High lipid solubility
High tissue binding
Anatomy
Other topics and Adverse effects
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multi
All the following are characteristic of Dhatura poisoning except:
C i.e. Pinpoint pupil
3
Delirium
Diplopia
Pin-point pupils
Dysphagia
Forensic Medicine
null
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multi
A dead body is having cadaveric lividity of bluish green colour. The most likely cause of death is by poisoning due to:
Colour of post-moem staining in poisoning- 1) Dark brown or yellow- Phosphorus or acute copper poisoning, 2) Cherry red- CO & Cold storage, 3) Bluish-green- H2S, 4) Bright red- HCN/ Cyanides, 5) Chocolate/Red-brown coloured- Nitrites/Nitrates, aniline, Nitrobenzene, Acetanilide, Bromates, Chlorates (due to formation of...
2
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrogen sulphide
Oleander
Sodium nitrite
Surgery
null
33198589-c4ec-4ab8-abc0-938f6bc9d43a
single
A 20 year old female was diagnosed with granulose cell tumor of the ovary. Which of the following bio markers would be most useful for follow-up of patient?
Granulosa cell tumor • The most common type of ovarian tumor that is composed of cells that stain positively with inhibin. • Histologically, the cells may form Call-Exner bodies • The tumor cells may secrete estrogens and cause precocious sexual development in girls or increase the risk for endometrial hyperplasia and ...
1
Inhibin
CA50
CA 19-9
Neuron – specific enolase
Pathology
null
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single
A patient with bilirubin value of 8mg/dl and serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dl is planned for surgery. What is the muscle relaxant of choice in this patient?
Atracurium is the muscle relaxant of choice in patients with liver and renal failure because these drugs undergo extensive plasma degradation. Atracurium undergoes esterase degradation and spontaneous breakdown at physiologic pH and temperature called Hoffman elimination. Metabolism of atracurim yields a metabolite cal...
3
Vecuronium
Pancuronium
Atracurium
Rocuronium
Anaesthesia
null
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The parotid duct is known as
ParotidStenson's ductOpens at upper 2nd molar toothSubmandibular glandWhaon's ductOpens into the papilla just lateral to the frenulumSublingual glandDucts of RiviniusNumerous excretory ducts(Ducts of Rivinus), directly into the oral cavityDuct of Wirsung is major pancreatic ductDuct of Santorini is accessory pancreatic...
2
Whaon's duct
Stenson's duct
Duct of Santorini
Duct of Wirsung
Surgery
Head and neck
d9600222-5c5c-423e-8f73-1de9102fb20c
single
Sure sign of malignancy is
Ref Robbins 8/e p269; 9/e p272 CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS Nothing is more impoant to the patient with a tumor than being told: "It is benign." In general, benign tumors appear to be genetically "simple," harboring fewer muta- tions than cancers, and genetically stable, changing little in genotype...
4
Mitosis
Polychromasia
Nuclear pleomorphism
Metastasis
Anatomy
General anatomy
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single
False statement regarding aneurysms is -
An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall. leading to uncontrolled bleeding. Although they may occur in any blood vessel, paicularly lethal examples include aneurysms of the Circle of Willis in the brain, aoic aneurysms affecting...
4
True aneurysm contains all the 3 layers
In dissecting aneurysms media is defective
Charcot bouchard aneurysms are seen in brain
Saccular aneurysms involves the entire circumference
Medicine
C.V.S
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Best X-ray view taken to visualize Maxillary sinus-
Figure: Water's view WATER /OCCIPITOMENTAL VIEW:Best view for maxillary sinus. Waters view with open mouth is called Pierres View CALDWELL VIEW/OCCIPITOFRONTAL VIEW: Best view for frontal sinus. LATERAL VIEW: Sella, Sphenoid sinus Points to be remembered: Area View Superior orbital fissure Caldwell view Inferior orbita...
1
Water's view
Caldwell's view
Lateral view
Occlusive anterior view
Radiology
X-RAYS
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Quality indicator of MCH services -
Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. * IMR is an impoant indicator of health status of a community and effectiveness of MCH services in paicular.
1
IMR
MMR
CMR
None
Social & Preventive Medicine
obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics
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Facial nerve palsy at sternomastoid canal can cause-
Below stylomastoid foramen, facial nerve gives following branches: - Posterior auricular branch, muscular branches (stylohyoid & posterior belly of digastric) and terminal (peripheral) branches. Lesion at sternomastoid foramen : - i)    Will spare Greater superficial petrosal nerve → Lacrimation present. Nerve to sta...
1
Loss of corneal reflex at side of lesion
Loss of taste sensation anterior 2/3 of ipsilateral tongue
Loss of lacrimation at side of lesion
Hyperacusis
ENT
null
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single
In case control study, the risk is calculated by-
Also known as odds ratio Measure of strength of relations between risk factor and outcome. The disease being investigated is very rare The cases must be representative of those with disease The controls must be representative of those without disease Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine,...
3
Relative risk
Attributable risk
Cross product ratio
None
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
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multi
Alternate contact points along shaft are seen in
The blank design employed by the Endo Sequence file is a triangle with alternating contact points (ACP) along the instrument's ,hunk. The Endo Sequence file undergoes electropolishing and the result is visible in its mirror-like finish that remains sharper longer and mays cleaner during use. About RACE: Design of the r...
3
K3
RACE
Real World Endo
Light speed
Dental
null
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single
Tear drop fracture of lower cervical spine implies -
Severe injuries are due to axial compression of the cervical spine, usually in diving or athletic accidents . If veebral body is crushed in neutral position of the neck the result is burst fracture. *With combined axial compression & flexion ,an antero- inferior fragment of the veebral body is sheared off , producing e...
4
Wedge compression fracture
Axial compression fractures
Flexion-rotation injury with failure of anterior body
Flexion compression failure of body
Orthopaedics
Spinal injuries
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A patient with mild congestive hea failure is treated with high-dose furosemide and diuresis 3 liters of fluid.A complete blood count (CBC) taken before the diuresis shows an RBC count of 4 million/mm3; a CBC taken after diuresis shows a RBC count of 7 million/mm3. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
This is an example of relative polycythemia, in which there is an increased hematocrit or RBC count without a true increase in the total number of body RBCs. What usually happens in these cases is a significant reduction in plasma volume due to processes such as dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, or diuresis. Cyanotic he...
4
Cyanotic hea disease
Increased erythropoietin
Polycythemia vera
Relative polycythemia
Physiology
null
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single
Amoebic liver abscess can be diagnosed by demonstrating -
Trophozoites may be demonstrated in the liver biopsy from cases of amoebic hepatitis. Diagnostic liver aspiration can be performed if liver aspiration can be performed if liver abscess is present.Trophozoite can be demonstrated in the aspirate by wet preparation.Aspirations from the center of liver abscess may not show...
2
Cysts in the sterile pus
Trophozoites in the pus
Cysts in the intestine
Trophozoites in the feces
Microbiology
parasitology
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single
Most B/L multifocal retinoblastoma require
D i.e. Multi Modality therapy Multi Modality Therapy Most children with bilateral retinoblastoma, multifocal RB, or bothQ, and occasion children with unilateral RB, are managed by multimodality therapy.
4
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Enucleation
Multi Modality therapy
Ophthalmology
null
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single
Osteomas common in which of the following sinus?
Ref: Diseases of the Ear Nose and Throat by PL Dhingra.5th edn .2010 page page 219Explanation:Sinus OsteomasOsteomas are most common in Frontal followed by ethmoid and then maxillary sinusesMost are asymptomatic and detected incidentally on radiology of the sinusesMay become symptomatic when they obstruct the sinus Ost...
1
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
D Sphenoid
ENT
Nose and PNS
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Which of the following is level III lymph nodes?
Apical also known as subclavicular is level III lymph node.
2
Central
Apical
Interpectoral
Anterior
Surgery
null
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Giardiasis is associated with -
G. lamblia is seen typically within the crypts in the duodenum. It does not invade tissues lead to mucus diarrhoea, dull epigastric pain and flatulence. The diarrhoea in some cases may be steatorrhoeic with excess mucus and fat, but no blood. The incubation period is variable, but is usually about 2 weeks. Enhanced sus...
1
Common variable immunodeficiency
C1 esterase deficiency
C8 deficiency
Anaemia
Microbiology
parasitology
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single
Which of the following stages of demographic cycle has expanding population?
Stages of demographic cycle are: First stage (High stationary) Second stage (Early expanding) Third stage (late expanding) Fouh stage (Low stationary) Fifth stage (declining) Ref: Park, 22nd edition pg: 441
3
Second
Third
Both of the above
None of the above
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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multi
NAD+ reduced by all of the following enzymes except:
Ans. D. Succinyl dehydrogenaseNiacin acts as electron acceptor for the following enzymes:Isocitrate dehydrogenaseAlpha ketoglutarateMalate dehydrogenase
4
Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Iso-citrate dehydrogenase
Malate dehydrogenase
Succinyl dehydrogenase
Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
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Enzyme deficiency in Tarui disease is
Type name Enzyme Deficiency Clinical Features VII Tarui disease Muscle and erythrocyte phosphofructokinase 1 Poor exercise tolerance Muscle glycogen abnormally high (2.5%-4%) Blood lactate very low after exercise Also hemolytic anemia Reference: Harper; 30th edition; Table: 18-2; Page no: 179
2
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Muscle and erythrocyte phosphofructokinase 1
Lysosomal a1 - 4 and a1 - 6 glucosidase
Liver phosphorylase kinase
Biochemistry
Metabolism of carbohydrate
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single
In benign hypeension commonest vascular pathology is
In smaller aeries (< 1 mm), hyaline aeriosclerosis occurs in the wall, the lumen narrows and aneurysms may develop. Widespread atheroma develops and may lead to coronary and cerebrovascular disease, paicularly if other risk factors (e.g. smoking,diabetes, hyperlipidaemia,) are present.These structural changes in the va...
4
Atherosclerosis
Fatty mfilitraion of intima
Fibmoid necrosis
Hyaline aeriosclerosis
Medicine
C.V.S
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single
Which among the following statements is true regarding chalazion:
B i.e. Sebaceous cyst Also known as meibomian or tarsal cyst is chronic, sterile lipogranulomatous inflammation of meibomian gland Predisposing factors Clinical features Course & Complication Treatment Patient with acne - Gradually enlarging - Resolve spontaneously - In small, soft & recent chalazion conservative rosac...
2
Mucous cyst
Sebaceous cyst
Due to staphylococcal infection
Recurrence may imply malignancy
Ophthalmology
null
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multi
Duct of Wirsung is:
Ans. C. Main Pancreatic ductThe pancreatic duct, or duct of Wirsung (also, the major pancreatic duct), is a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juice provided from the exocrine pancreas, which aids indigestion. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla o...
3
Parotid duct.
Common bile duct
Main Pancreatic duct
Accessory Pancreatic duct
Anatomy
Abdomen & Pelvis
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single
pseudorosettes are seen in -
Flexner wintersteiner rosettes , homer wright rosette , fleurettes and pseudorosettes are seen. Ref: ak khurana 6th edition
1
Retinoblastoma
Ophthalmic nodosa
Phakolytic glaucoma
Trachoma
Ophthalmology
Tumors
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single
Which of the following has serous secretion?
Most animals have three major pairs of salivary glands that differ in the type of secretion they produce: parotid glands produce a serious, watery secretion. submaxillary (mandibular) glands produce a mixed serous and mucous secretion. sublingual glands secrete a saliva that is predominantly mucous in character. (Ref: ...
2
Pancreas
Parotid gland
Sub mandibular salivary gland
Minor salivary gland
Physiology
General physiology
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single
Major fate of glucose 6 phosphate in tissue in a well fed state is
null
1
Conversion to glycogen
Hydrolysis of glucose
Isomerization wto fructose 6 phophate
None of the above
Biochemistry
null
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multi
Displacement is the defensive mechanism for (NOT REALTED)
In Phobia patient has fear of something which then is replaced by generalized fear of so many things.
1
Phobia
Depression
Persecutory delusions
Delusions of grandiosity
Pharmacology
All India exam
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single
The most common neurologic abnormality that occurs with head injury is:
Ans. (c) Altered consciousness Signs of Head injury* Sudden loss of consciousness (Most common neurological abnormality)* Convulsions* Sudden dilatation of one pupil (Anisocori) - Omnious sign* Abnormal posture (Decorticate posture) - in Diffuse Axonal Injury* High ICP
3
Hemiplegia
Ocular nerve palsy
Altered consciousness
Convulsion
Surgery
Trauma
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single
In a pregnant female with BP 150/100 mm Hg, a protein/creatinine ratio of _______ suggests development of pre-eclampsia
Ans. is b, i.e. >0.30Ref. Fernando Arias 4/e, p 189In patients with gestational hypertension, there are high chances (15-25%) of progressing to pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is heralded by the development of proteinuria.Proteinuria >=+2 in a random urine sample is diagnostic of pre-eclampsia in these patients. When prot...
2
>0.20
>0.30
<0.20
<0.30
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
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single
Hemoperfusion with charcoal is useful in poisoning with : -
#NAME?
1
Phenytoin.
Methanol
Ethylene glycol
All of the above
Forensic Medicine
Toxicology - 3
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multi
A 3–year–old boy presents with fever; dysuria and gross hematuria. Physical examination shows a prominent suprapubic area which is dull on percussion. Urinalysis reveals red blood cells but no proteinuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis –
It is a case of Posterior Urethral Valve presenting with Urinary tract Infection. PUV is the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in a male child. The key to diagnosis are - Age and sex of the patient Urinary tract infection is rare in a male child, greater than one year old and less than 5 years old. Presence o...
3
Acute glomerulonepluitis
Urinary tract infection
Posterior urethral valves
Teratoma
Pediatrics
null
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single
Which of the following is seen in mania: September 2011
Ans. B: Over activity Manic episode: There is an increased psychomotor activity, ranging from overactiveness and restlessness, to manic excitement where the person is 'on-the-toe-on-the-go', (i.e. involved in ceaseless activity) Bipolar disorder (BPD): Mania alone may be categorized as BPD, but depression alone is not ...
2
Low activity
Over activity
Normal activity
None of the above
Psychiatry
null
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multi
Which of the following is not true about newborn assessment
The Apgar score is based on a total score of 1 to 10. The higher the score, the better the baby is doing after bih. A score of 7, 8, or 9 is normal and is a sign that the newborn is in good health. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
1
APGAR at 7 min indicates neonatal moality depression
APGAR at 1 min, indicators for neonatal resuscitation
Fetus can raoidly washout CO2 through placenta
Anaerobic metabolism causes acidemia
Pediatrics
New born infants
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multi
ECF best value is given by
ECF volume is measured using inulin which is a polysaccharide.(Ref: Textbook of physiology N Geetha 2nd edition page no.61)
2
Mannitol
Inulin
D2O
Evan's blue
Physiology
General physiology
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single
Which of the following statements is true about new formula WHO–ORS?
null
4
It has Na+ ion concentration of 75 mM/L
Its glucose concentration is 75 mM/L
Its total osmolarity is 245 mOsm/L
All of the above
Pharmacology
null
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multi
True statement(s) regarding feeding of HIV-infected child is/are –a) Breast feeding for 4–6 months then start weaningb) Breast feeding for 1 year then start weaning c) Exclusively top feedingd) Breast feeding for 6 months & then rapid weaning
HIV infection can be transmitted from infected mother to fetus by breast feeding (though this is the least common mode of vertical transmission for HIV). It seems reasonable for women to substitute infant formula (top feeding) for breast milk if they are known to be HIV infected or are at risk for ongoing sexual or par...
4
ab
bc
bd
cd
Pediatrics
null
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multi
Best investigation for carcinoma colon
null
4
Barium enema
Colonic biopsy
Clinical examination
Colonscopy
Surgery
null
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single
An elderly female patient presented with hematuria and on imaging was found to have stage T2 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Which of the following statements about management of her condition is true:
Cigarette smoking is the main etiological factor and accounts for about 50% of bladder cancers. Stage T2 implies muscularis propriae invasive disease. The standard treatment for muscle invasive disease is radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (and not cystoscopic fulgration). Chemotherapy has a role in TCC. ...
4
History of smoking is not a risk factor
Cystoscopic fulgration is the standard treatment
There is no role of chemotherapy
70% chance of requiring cystectomy in 5 years after TUR
Surgery
null
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multi
Which of the following refractory is used to counteract most of the expansion
null
2
Quartz
Cristobalite
Tridymite
Corundum
Dental
null
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single
Pogonion is
null
4
Most inferior point on the contour of the chin
Lowest point on the syrn physeal outline
Most posterior inferior point on the angle of the mandible
Anterior most point on the contour of the chin
Dental
null
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single
SARS most common in ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Health care workers Health care workers, especially those involved in procedures generating aerosols, accounted for 21 per cent of all cases. Maximum virus excretion from the respiratory tract occurs on about day 10 of illness and then declines. The efficiency of transmission appears to be greatest fo...
4
Coal miners
School kids
Pregnancy
Health care workers
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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single
Causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding can be:a) Uterine polypb) Fibroidc) Granulosa cell tumourd) Irregular ripening of endometriume) Irregular shedding of endometrium
DUB is defined as a state of abnormal uterine bleeding without any clinically detectable organic pelvic pathology. DUB is of 2 types:      1. Anovulatory (80%)                                       2. Ovulatory (20%) Anovulatory (80%):   • Threshold bleeding of puberty menorrhagia                                      •...
4
ab
bc
cd
de
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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single
All are characteristics of Rett syndrome Except
The genetics of Rett syndrome has not yet been determined. Although it is thought to be a genetic syndrome, no inheritance pattern and no enzymatic deficiency or other metabolic explanation has been established for Rett syndrome. The other characteristics (autistic behavior, microcephaly, the peculiar wringing motion o...
3
Microcephaly
Autistic behavior
Autosomal recessive inheritance
Peculiar wringing motion of the hands
Pediatrics
Growth and development
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multi
Least common presentation of HCC
On rare occasions, HCC can present as a rupture with the sudden onset of abdominal pain followed by hypovolemic shock secondary to intraperitoneal bleeding Other rare presentations include hepatic vein occlusion (Budd-Chiari syndrome), obstructive jaundice, hemobilia or fever of unknown origin(PUO) Ref: Sabiston 20th e...
1
PUO
Mass
Jaundice
Weakness
Anatomy
G.I.T
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single
Cribriform plate is a pa of?
Ethmoid is a very light cuboidal bone situated in the anterior of base of cranial cavity between the two orbits; 1. Pa of medial orbital walls 2. Pa of nasal septum 3. Pa of root of orbit 4. Lateral walls of the nasal cavity Ethmoid bone comprises 1 cribriform plate 2. Perpendicular plate 3. A pair of labyrinth Ref BDC...
1
Ethmoid
Maxilla
Nasal
Frontal
Anatomy
Head and neck
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single
Definitive host is one in which the following lives -
HOST A host is a person or other animal, including birds and ahropods that affords subsistence or lodgement to an infectious agent under natural conditions. Definitive host (primary host): A host in which parasite attains maturity or passes its sexual stage. Intermediate host(secondary host), A host in which larval or ...
3
Larvae
Asexual form
Adult form
A or B
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
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single
Caries activity is increased in
null
1
Xerostomia
Sugar diet
Taking much carbohydrate food
None
Dental
null
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multi
All the following structures develop from Mandibular arch except
Posterior belly of digastric is developed from the second archMuscles of first arch (mandibular)Medial and lateral pterygoids, Masseter, Temporalis, Mylohyoid, Anterior belly of digastric, Tensor tympani, and Tensorpalati.Reference: Inderbir Singh Embryology; 10th edition; Page no: 132
3
Anterior belly of Digastric
Mylohyoid
Posterior belly of Digastric
Tensor Tympani
Anatomy
General anatomy
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multi
Which of the following has highest glycemic index:
Glycemic index (GI)- Definition -Increase in blood glucose after the test dose of a carbohydrate compared with that of an equivalent amount of glucose. The highest glycemic index is for glucose & galactose High GI maltose, trehalose isomaltose lactose Fructose and sugar alcohols have less glycemic index HFCS (High Fruc...
1
Glucose
Sucrose
Fructose
Sorbitol
Biochemistry
Classification of carbohydrate
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single