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In the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to lack of 21 β–hydroxylase, the purpose of administration of a synthetic glucocortocoid is:
null
4
Inhibition of aldosterone synthesis
Prevention of hypoglycemia
Recovery of normal immune function
Suppression of ACTH secretion
Pharmacology
null
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single
Which of the following antibody is incriminated in causing henoch schonlein purpura
Henoch schonlein purpura(IgA vasculitis) is characterized by Paplable purpura(most commo buttocks and lower extremities) Ahralgia Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms Glomerulonephritis Pathogenesis:immune complex deposition .IgA antibody class is the most often seen in immune complexes. Ref:Harrison 20th edition pg no ...
1
IgA
IgM
IgG
IgD
Medicine
Kidney
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single
Discoloration of tooth in tetracycline therapy is because of formation of:
Tetracycline and minocycline: Unsightly discoloration of both dentitions results from excessive intake of tetracycline and minocycline during the development of teeth. Chelation of tetracycline molecule with calcium in hydroxyapatite crystals forms tetracycline orthophosphate which is responsible for discolored teeth.
1
Calcium orthophosphate
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate
Calcium oxide
Tetracalcium phosphate
Dental
null
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single
Antenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus is done by:
Ans. USG
1
USG
AFP estimation
Foetoscopy
Aminocentesis
Radiology
null
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single
Precancerous lesion of bone among the following is
Precancerous lesions of bone:Multiple exostosesOllier's diseaseBenign giant cell tumorOsteoblastomaChondroblastomaChronic osteomyelitisPaget's disease(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 2474)
4
Paget disease
Chronic osteomyelitis
Benign giant cell tumor
All of the above
Pediatrics
All India exam
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multi
Transpo of ADP in and ATP out of mitochondria is inhibited byaEUR'
atractyloside "Atractyloside inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting the transpoer of ADP into and ATP out of the mitochondrion"- Harper ADP and Pi needs to be transpoed from the cytosol (where ATP is used for producing energy and conveed into ADP) into the mitochondrion, where ATP is resynthesized. Since the ...
1
atractyloside
oligomycin
rotenone
cyanide
Biochemistry
null
6500e38a-5ab0-419e-84b7-dc2ad18fc177
multi
A 34-year-old male complains of hyperacusis (sensitivity to loud sounds). Injury to which of the following cranial nerves is responsible?
The facial nerve innervates the stapedius muscle, which is responsible for limiting movement of the stapes, thereby reducing the intensity of the sound entering the inner ear. The hypoglossal nerve innervates tongue muscles; the accessory nerve supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles; the vagus does not ...
2
Hypoglossal
Facial
Accessory
Vagus
Anatomy
Head & Neck
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single
Pupillary reflex is controled by which nucleus-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Edinger westphal nucleusPupillary light reflex (Light reflex)* Pupillary light reflex refers to constriction of pupil in response to light. When a sudden light is thrown into the eye, the pupil of that eye constricts (direct light reflex). The pupil of other eye also constricts (Consensual or indirect...
1
Edinger westphal nucleus
Nucleus tractus solitarus
Nucleus ambiguus
Dorsal vagus nucleus
Physiology
Nervous System
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single
Which one has least mineralocoicoid activity?
Coisol (Hydrocoisone) has primary glucocoicoid action and has significant mineralocoicoid activity. Prednisolone has glucocoicoid activity but at high doses fluid retention does occur. Fludrocoisone is a potent mineralocoicoid having very less glucocoicoid activity. Methylprednisolone is more selective glucocoicoid wit...
4
Coisol
Prednisolone
Fludrocoisone
Methyl prednisolone
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
090d61a9-75c3-400c-bdc8-71f5f28efc79
single
Which is wrong regarding somato sensory evoked potentials (SSEP)?
Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP or SSEP) is the electrical activity of the brain that results from the stimulation of touch. SEP tests measure that activity and are a useful, noninvasive means of assessing somatosensory system functioning. By combining SEP recordings at different levels of the somatosensory pathway...
4
Can be used intraoperatively inside OT
Can be used to monitor CNS during intracranial surgery
Can be used during spinal cord surgery to detect spinal cord damage
Is contraindicated under general anaesthesia
Anaesthesia
Monitoring in Anesthesia
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single
Retinoblastoma gene is located on –
null
3
Chromosome 5
Chromosome 8
Chromosome 13
Chromosome 16
Pediatrics
null
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single
In retrosternal goiter, most common presenting feature is-
null
3
Dysphagia
Stridor
Dyspnoea
Sup. vena caval syndrome
Surgery
null
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single
Cottle's test tests the patency of the nares in:
Cottle test: It is used to test nasal obstruction due to abnormality of nasal valve as in case of deted nasal septum. in this test, cheek is drawn laterally while the patient breathes quietly. If the nasal airway improves on the test side, the test is positive, and indicates abnormality of the vestibular component of n...
3
Atrophic rhinitis
Rhinosporidiosis
Deted nasal septum
Hyperophied inferior turbinate
ENT
null
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single
Pseudodementia is seen in
Depressive pseudodementia- depression in the elderly people may mimic dementia clinically. Identification of depression is very impoant as it is far more easily treatable than dementia. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.23)
2
Alcoholism
Depression
Schizophrenia
Mania
Psychiatry
Organic mental disorders
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A child presents with lethargy, hyptonia after 12 hours of bih. Resusciation done. There are two episodes of seizure. The stage of HIE is ?
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain damage that occurs when an infant&;s brain doesn&;t receive enough oxygen and blood. It is a dangerous condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
1
2 B
2 C
1 A
3
Pediatrics
New born infants
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single
Ovulation occurs :
Ovulation After estradiol reaches a peak of 200pg/ml and is sustained for about 48 hours, it exes a possitive feedback action for LH surge Final maturation of follicle is obtained by combined effect of FSH and LH Ovulation occurs 24-48 hours after LH surge Ref: D.C. Dutta's Textbook of Gynaecology, 6th edition, page no...
3
Before LH surge
After biphasic rise in body temperature
After ripening of follicle by FSH
Before estrogen peak
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Reproductive physiology and hormones in females
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single
Tendon of which muscle passes through the pyramid in middle ear
A conical projection called the pyramid lies near the junction of the posterior and medial walls of the middle ear. It has an opening at its apex for the passage of the tendon of the stapedius muscle
2
Incus
Stapedius
Malleus
Tensor veli palatine
Anatomy
null
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multi
Musculocutaneous nerve is injured at the lateral cord of brachial plexus, positive clinical findings would be :
Musculocutaneous nerve supplies biceps and brachialis. It also gives sensory supply along the radial side of forearm. When it is damaged, it might show the following : Flexion at elbow weakened (Biceps & Brachialis). Supination of semiflexed elbow is affected (Biceps). Sensory loss on radial side of forearm.
2
Loss of flexion at shoulder
Sensory loss on the radial side of the forearm
Loss of extension of forearm
Loss of extension of the wrist
Anatomy
null
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Specificity of a screening test measures aEUR'
True negatives Repeat from May 06 Sensitivity is the ability of test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, i.e, 'true positives'. Specificity is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, i.e. 'true negatives'.
4
True positives
False positives
False negatives
True negatives
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
55ca55cf-d487-443f-8049-7b4b1c08af5e
multi
Number of muscles in middle ear
The two muscles of middle ear are tensor tympani and stapedius. Both act simultaneously to damp down the intensity of high pitched sound waves and thus protect the internal ear. Notes: The tensor tympani is supplied by the mandibular nerve The stapedius is supplied by the facial nerve Ref BDC volume3,sixth edition pg 2...
2
1
2
3
4
Anatomy
Head and neck
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single
Type-I lepra reaction is commonly seen in:
type 1 reaction /reversal reaction is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction associated with a rapid increase in specific CMI activity against M.leprae. It usually occurs in borderline types of leprosy, (BB>BT >BL)characteristically associated with immunological instability. Page no.2046Reference IADVL's concise textbook ...
3
Histoid Leprosy
Lepromatous Leprosy
Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
Polyneuritic leprosy
Dental
Bacterial infections
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single
Most afferent fibers from the lateral geniculate nucleus terminate in the primary visual coex in:
LGB has 6 layers - (i) Layers 1 & 2: They are called magnocellular (contain large cells). The M ganglion cells project to magnocellular poion of LGB, (ii) Layers 3-6: They are called parvocellular (contain small cells). P ganglion cells project to the parvocellular poion of LGB The visual coex has 6 layers. The magnoce...
3
Layer 1
Layer 2 & 3
Layer 4
Layer 5 & 6
Physiology
Special Senses
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single
True about measles outbreak ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vaccination given at 6 months Epidemic of measles occur if propoion of susceptible children is > 40%. If measles is introduced in a virgin community, it infects > 90% of children. Measles vaccine is given at the age of a months, but age can be lowered to 6 months in epidemics. Measles shows a cyclic t...
3
Occurs if propoion of susceptible children is >20%
Infects 50% children in virgin community
Vaccination given at 6 months
Every 6-7 years
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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multi
In alcohol withdrawal drug of choice is:
Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice in alcohol withdrawal. If the question asks to choose a specific benzodiazepine, the best choice would be chlordiazepoxide.
2
Haloperidol
Chlordiazepoxide
Naltrexone
Disulfiram
Psychiatry
Substance Related and Addictive Disorders
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single
Following an eye trauma, a patient presents 4 days later with proptosis and pain in the eye. On examination, he has chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsies. The investigation of choice to arrive at a diagnosis is:
Ans. d. Intra arterial digital subtraction angiography Symptoms ofproptosis and pain in the eye following an eye trauma with chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsies on examination is typical picture of post traumatic carotico-cavernous fistula. The investigation of choice to arrive at a diagnos...
4
MRI
CECT
MR angiography
Intra arterial digital subtraction angiography
Ophthalmology
Proptosis, Enophthalmos, Developmental Anomalies
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single
The genotype of blood group A would be
The genotype for a blood group can be AA OR AO blood groups are three genes Ia,Ib,Io Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:155,156,157
2
AB
AO
OO
BO
Physiology
General physiology
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Folie-a-deux means ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sharing of delusion It is also known as shared psychotic disorder or symbiotic psychosis. It is characterized by sharing of delusions between two person (Folie a deux) or rarely between more individuals (Folie a trois, Folie a quatre, Folie a famine). There is a dominant (active) person who induces de...
2
Delusion of persecution
Sharing of delusion
Delusion of double
None
Psychiatry
null
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multi
A 35-year-old woman complains of aching all over. She sleeps poorly and all her muscles and joints hurt. Her symptoms have progressed over several years. She reports that she is desperate because pain and weakness often cause her to drop things. Physical examination shows multiple points of tenderness over the neck, sh...
The patient's multiple tender points, associated sleep disturbance, and lack of joint or muscle findings make fibromyalgia a likely diagnosis. Patients with fibromyalgia often report dropping things due to pain and weakness, but objective muscle weakness is not present on examination. The diagnosis hinges on the presen...
1
Graded aerobic exercise
Prednisone
Weekly methotrexate
Hydroxychloroquine
Medicine
Immunology and Rheumatology
6de20134-c86c-4394-8e0b-42bb5628f16d
multi
In CRP, the C stands for:
C polysaccharide of streptococcus CRP was originally discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930 as a substance in the serum of patients with acute inflammation that reacted with the C polysaccharide of pneuniococcus. Initially it was thought that CRP might be a pathogenic secretion as it was elevated in people with a va...
4
Canavallin A
Cellular
Chondoitin sulfate
C polysaccharide of streptococcus
Biochemistry
null
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multi
A patient on t/t for psychiatric disorder takes an overdose of a drug, develops bradycardia, hypotension, decreased sweating and salivation. The likely drug is -
TCAs can cause postural hypotension → Amitriptyline has maximum propensity. Decreased sweating & salivation are due to anticholinergic side effects.
1
Amitryptilline
Lithium
Selegiline
Amphetamine
Psychiatry
null
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single
For high pressure storage of compressed gases cylinders are made up of –
Gas cylinders are made from a steel alloy of molybdenum, which is resistant to corrosion. Aluminum cylinders are also available in western countries.
1
Molybdenum steel
Iron + Mo
Steel + Cu
Cast iron
Anaesthesia
null
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single
Which of the following is true regarding Naegleria fowleri is commonly acquired by?
Naegleria fowleri (brain eating amoeba) infection is commonly acquired by swimming in fresh water pond.Infective form- trophozoitesThey can penetrate the nasal mucosa and cribriform plate to produce a purulent meningitis and encephalitis that are usually rapidly fatal.
2
Salt water living
Fresh water living
Sulfur springs
Swimming pool
Microbiology
JIPMER 2017
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multi
Early morning awakening is a feature of
Early morning awakening is seen in depression. It is a type of insomnia patients with depression have altered dexamethasone suppression test that is no suppression of steroid in blood after administration of dexamethasone usually the steroid is produced in normal individuals at 6 Am whereas the steroids in increased am...
3
Psychosis
Anxiety neurosis
Depression
Mania
Psychiatry
Mood disorders
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single
A person has headache & profuse sweating. On examination his B.P is 200/120 mm Hg. Which of the following shoud not be used
Patients who respond to shoacting vasodilators at the time of cardiac catheterization (a fall in mean pulmonary aerial pressure >=10 mmHg and a final mean pressure <40 mmHg) should be treated with calcium channel blockers. Typically, these patients require high doses (e.g., nifedipine, 240 mg/d, or amlodipine, 20 mg/d)...
1
Nifedipine
Sodium nitroprusside
Phenoxybenozamine
Methyldopa
Medicine
C.V.S
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single
Maximum energy is liberated by hydrolysis of ?
A compound that liberates 7 Kcal/n:ol or more on hydrolysis is called high energy compound, or a compound that on hydrolysis undergoes a large (. 7 kcal/mol) decrease in free energy (AG) under standard condition is called high energy compound, i.e., AG - 7 Kcal/mol.
3
Creatine phosphate
ATP
Phosphoenol pyruvate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Biochemistry
null
5009b5eb-a425-4467-ab23-e71c92508ed3
single
Causative organism of molluscum contagiosum is?
B i.e Pox Virus
2
Papova virus
Pox virus
Ohomyxo virus
Parvo virus
Skin
null
599b8bde-0f3a-4dbf-a9b4-ce11d58caa68
single
Unstable spine injury occurs in
Mode of injuries in Lower Cervical Spine Fractures (C3 - C7)Mode of injuriesPattern of fractureVeical (Axial) compression Burst fracture (Veebral height is decreased in toto)Pure flexion Wedge compression fracture (Decreased anterior height of veebrae)Combined axial compression & flexion Teardrop fracture (Antero infer...
2
Compression injury
Flexion-rotation injury
Extensor injury
Flexion injury
Pathology
All India exam
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single
Why is the blind spot on the retina not usually perceived?
Ans. C. Its location in the visual field is different in each eyeRods and cones are absent from the area of the retina where the optic nerve exits. The blind spot is of appreciable size, but because its location is off-center and the eyeballs are mirror images, each eye fills in the information missing from the other, ...
3
It is very small, below the ability of the sensory cells to detect
It is present only in very young children
Its location in the visual field is different in each eye
Constant eye motion prevents the spot from remaining still
Physiology
Nervous System
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multi
Lithium potentiates the action of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. How many days before administration of the muscle relaxant should lithium be stopped?
Ans. b. 2 Lithium should be stopped 48 hours, i.e. 2 day before surgery due to its interaction with anesthetic agents.
2
1
2
3
4
Anaesthesia
null
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single
Investigation in a patient of oliguria revealed Urine osmolity 620 mosm/kg Urine sodium :12mmol/L Urine /plasma urea ratio :13 :1 The most likely diagnosis is -
null
1
Prerenal acute renal failure
Acute tubular recrosis
Acute cortical necrosis
Urinary tract obstruction
Medicine
null
6e4dd621-6014-4189-bd55-79f326284583
single
Ventral pancreatic duct give rise to ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Uncinate process Development of pancreasPancreas is developed from the two pancreatic buds.i) Dorsal pancreatic bud :- It is larger and most of the pancreas is derived from it i.e. most of the head, and whole neck, body & tail.ii) Ventral pancreatic bud :- It is smaller and forms lower pa of the head ...
4
Body
Tail
Neck
Uncinate process
Anatomy
null
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single
All of the following may be used to differentiate Central Retinal Venous Occlusion (CRVO) from Ocular Ischemic Syndrome due to, except:
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Ocular Ischemic Syndrome due to carotid aery stenosis are both associated with Dilated Retinal veins and hence this feature cannot be used to distinguish these conditions. Ref: Ophthalmology By Yanoff, 3rd Edition, Page 625; Ocular Therapeutics Handbook: A Clinical Manual, 2nd Edition...
1
Dilated Retinal Vein
Touous Retinal Vein
Retinal Aery Pressure
Ophthalmodynamometry
Ophthalmology
null
51a39333-ae18-4538-a48b-e6ce4dc68f32
multi
Which of the following statements about Atrial myxomas is true
Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1577; 289e-1 Pathologically, myxomas are gelatinous structures that consist of myxoma cells embedded in a stroma rich in glycosaminoglycans. Most are solitary, arise from the interatrial septum in the vicinity of the fossa ovalis (paicularly the left atrium), and are often peduncu- lated on a f...
1
Most common in left atrium
More common in males
Distance metastasis are seen
Most myxomas are familial
Anatomy
General anatomy
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multi
External cephalic version is contraindicated all of the following except: September 2006
Ans. C: Breech Presentation External cephalic version is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is usually performed after about 36 weeks. It is often reserved for late pregnancy because breech presentation greatly decreases with every week. It can be cont...
3
Antepaum hemorrhage
Multiple pregnancy
Breech presentation
Ruptured membranes
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
465b8164-d0e0-4f02-9c26-ed190f1c7288
multi
Multiple Liver secondaries are most common in following persons -
null
1
Overweight
Undeweight
Normal weight
Short and shunted
Surgery
null
62b55c5e-9d07-4be6-bda3-a0a4a369532d
single
Following tarsal bone is devoid of muscular attachment
TALUS:- Second largest tarsal bone.Head, neck, and body. Tibia above and calcaneum below, Attachments:-Devoid of muscular attachment. Numerous ligaments attached to it because it takes pa in three joints- ankle, talocalcaneal, and talonavicular.Neck:- Capsular ligament of ankle joint.Dorsal talonavicular Interosseus ta...
1
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial cuneiform
Anatomy
Lower limb
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single
Enzyme replacement therapy is available for the treatment of the following disorder-
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Gaucher's diseaseRef: Harrison 17th/Ep 2455 & 16th/Ep 2319 (15th/e p2280)The t/t of choice for Gaucher's disease is enzyme replacement therapy. A recombinantly produced mannose terminated enzyme called Cerezyme is used in the t/t of Gaucher's diseaseAbout the t/t of other options.Treatment of Niemann P...
1
Gaucher' disease
Niemann-Pick disease
Hunter syndrome
Phenylketonuria
Unknown
null
bf7d034f-02b8-4e8d-8ad5-5bde2a6ec1c7
single
A peptic ulcer is associated with all except one
You, don't expect pernicious anemia to cause peptic ulcer. In pernicious anemia, there is autoimmune destruction of the parietal cells leading to hypochlorhydria which fuher progresses to achlorhydria Etiology. of peptic ulcer Acute Peptic Ulcer NSAIDS Ingestion Stress Cushing ulcer after cerebral trauma Curling ulcer*...
4
Cirrhosis
Zollinger Ellisons syndrome
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Pernicious anemia
Anatomy
G.I.T
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multi
Morbid obesity means BMI of
Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed Pgno : 417-418
2
>30
>40
>35
>29
Social & Preventive Medicine
Non communicable diseases
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single
agranuloctosis is a side effect of
- SIDE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG - APLASTIC ANEMIA - AGRANULOCYTOSIS - Hyponatremia - Steven Johnson's syndrome - Liver enzyme elevation - It has teratogenic potential Ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 935
4
risperidone
clonazepam
olanzapine
carbamezepine
Anatomy
Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry
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single
The most potent and longest acting anaesthetic agent is:
Dubucaine is the most potent, most toxic , and longest acting local anesthetic Cinchocaine or dibucaine is an amide local anesthetic. Among the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, current use of cinchocaine is generally restricted to spinal and topical anesthesia. From KD Tripati 7th edition Pag...
1
Dibucaine
Tetracaine
Bupivacaine
Lignocaine
Pharmacology
Anesthesia
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single
In a normal person which of the following occurs when he changes to supine position from standing
Venous return is decreased in standing posture due to pooling of blood in lower extremities and is maximum in lying down position. Ref: Textbook of medical physiology by N Geetha, 2nd edition, page no. 170
3
Cerebral perfusion increases
Hea rate settles to a higher level
Immediate increase in venous return
Decreased perfusion to the apex
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
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single
False about fracture of vertebrae
null
4
Wedge compression cause flexion injury
Fracture dislocation is common in flexion rotation injury
Chance fracture occurs due to flexion distraction injury
Anterior longitudinal ligament runs along the posterior surface of vertevral bodies
Orthopaedics
null
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multi
Which of the following is not true about expected date of delivery (EDD)?
Ans. d. Standard deviation around EDD is 3 weeks (Ref Dutta's (Jaypee) / 73)Expected Date of Delivery (EDD)Only 4% of births take place on EDDAbout 50% deliver within 1 week on either side of EDD80% deliver about 2 weeks before to 1 week after EDDStandard deviation is of 13 days(90% of babies will be born within three ...
4
Less than 5% deliver on the expected date of delivery
50% deliver within one week
80% deliver within two weeks
Standard deviation around EDD is 3 weeks
Social & Preventive Medicine
Obstetrics
bb0c35bc-feb3-416b-8a20-ce0a6141abce
multi
Which of the following measurement at pelvic inlet can be assessed directly :
Diagonal conjugate
2
Obstetric conjugate
Diagonal conjugate
Anatomical conjugate
Bisspinous conjugate
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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single
"Face of giant panda" sign on MRI brain is seen in:
Ans. A. Wilson's diseaseAbnormalities Is Wilson's Diseasea. Basal ganglia lesions are most often bilateral and symmetrical.b. The putamina shows striking increase in T2 signal intensity. This is present to a lesser degree in other deep gray matter structures.c. Thalamic lesions are often present but typically spare the...
1
Wilson's disease
Japanese encephalitis
Rasmussen's encephalitis
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Radiology
Nervous System
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single
A 67 year nude smoker presents with haemoptysis and cough. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed un-differentiated tumour. The immunohistochemical marker that can be most helpful is-
TEXT BOOK OF PATHOLOGY HARSHMOHAN 6TH EDITION PG NO 16 Epithelial tumors are stained by pankeratin or cytokeratin (high or low MW) <\p>
3
Calretinin
Vimentin
Cytokeratin
GGt
Pathology
General pathology
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single
Which of the following is true about oral therapy for iron deficiency anemia -
null
4
In 300 mg elemental iron given100 mg get absorbed
Reticulocytosis appears in one to 2 weeks and then peaks in 3-4 weeks
Response to Rx seen in 4 weeks
Decrease in absorption with improvement of symptoms
Medicine
null
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multi
A girl presents, with cystic swelling at the junction of lower 1/3rd and upper 2/3rd of anterior wall of vagina at 10 O' Clock position. The Diagnosis is:
- Ganer's duct cyst Arises from remnant of the mesonephric duct Located in the anterolateral wall aspect of the vagina Small cyst: Asymptomatic Large cyst if causes dyspareunia : excision - A Baholin cyst occurs due to blockage of duct of baholin glands. It is located on the inner side of labia minora in the postero-la...
2
Baholin's cyst
Ganer's duct cyst
Adenocarcinoma
Vaginal Inclusion Cyst
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!)
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multi
Which of the following is the most impoant factor in the prevention of the endophthalmitis in cataract surgery?
Preoperative antibiotics ,povidine iodine solutions are used to prevent post operative infection. REF:khurana,pg no 197
1
Preoperative preparation with povidone iodine
One week antibiotic therapy prior to surgery
Trimming of eyelashes
Use of intravitreal antibiotics
Ophthalmology
Lens
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single
The effective dose of a Chest x-ray is ____________.
The effective dose of a CXR is 0.02 mSv. Radiation dose of a chest CT (8mSv)is 400 times more than a chest X-ray. TYPICAL EFFECTIVE DOSES Investigation Dose (mSv) PA view CXR 0.02 Skull AP/Lat 0.06 AP pelvis 0.7 AXR 0.7 Lumbar spine 1 CT brain 2 IVU 2.5 Barium meal 3 Bone scan 3 Barium enema 7 CT abdomen 10 Thallium sc...
1
0.02 mSv
0.2 mSv
0.05 mSv
0.1 mSv
Radiology
Introduction to Radiology
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single
A 50 year old male is posted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No history of comorbidities. His surgery is scheduled at 2 PM on the day of surgery. Which of the following is against the ASA guidelines for preoperative fasting
The patient should be nil per orally for 8 hours for solid food 6 hours for liquid and semisolid food 2 hours for clear liquid.
3
Coffee at 5:30 AM
Orange juice at 7:30 AM
Pancakes at 10:00 AM
Water at 12:00 PM
Anaesthesia
null
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single
Most common cause of postural hypotension is
(C) Peripheral neuropathy # Causes of postural syncope: In patients receiving antihypertensive or vasodilator drugs and those who are hypovolemic because of diuretics, excessive sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage, or adrenal insufficiency.
3
Progressive cerebellar degeneration
Striatonigral degeneration
Peripheral neuropathy
Adrenal insufficiency
Medicine
Miscellaneous
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single
Which of the following is the best parameter to predict virulence of acute infectious illness?
Case fatality rate is directly related to the killing power of the disease. It denotes the virulence of an organism. But utility of case fatality rate is limited to acute illnesses and is not of much value for chronic diseases. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 55.
3
Incidence
Secondary attack rate
Case fatality rate
Crude death rate
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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single
A patient presenting with history of diarrhoea for several years with recent onset pruritus and raised alkaline phosphatase, normal SGOT/PT and USG shows no gallstones and biliary tract abnormality, the diagnosis is
Symptoms of PSC Evidence of cholestatic liver disease - Jaundice, Pruritus and fatigue Diagnosis Asymptomatic elevation of GGT is the earliest finding, ALP and bile acids are also increased. Cholangiography - diagnoisis of PSC with evidence of diffuse multifocal strictures found in both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bi...
2
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Sclerosing cholangitis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Viral hepatitis
Anatomy
G.I.T
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multi
Volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by filteration/secretion in kidney is equal to-
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Clearance* Once a drug is absorbed and distributed among the tissues and body fluids, it is then eliminated mainly by the liver and kidneys. The amount of drug eliminated from the body per unit time is called rate of eliminations.* Elimination of a drug from the plasma is quantified in term of its cle...
2
Rate of elimination
Clearance
Volume of distribution
Bioavailability
Physiology
Kidneys and Body Fluids
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single
The myocardial contraction is stimulated by
The initial depolarisation is due to Na+ influx through rapidly opening Na+channels. The inactivation of Na+ channels contributes to rapid repolarization phase. Ca2+ influx through more slowly opening Ca2+ channels produces plateau phase, and depolarization is due to net K+ efflux through multiple types of K+ channels....
2
Influx of Ca++ ions
Influx of Na ions
Efflux of K ions
Efflux of Na ions
Physiology
Nervous system
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single
Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) is
(A) Venlafaxine # Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of major depression and other mood disorders. They are sometimes also used to treat anxiety disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ch...
1
Venlafaxine
Reboxetine
Moclobemide
Bupropion
Pharmacology
Miscellaneous (Pharmacology)
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Shortest acting B-blocker is:
Ans: c (Esmolol)Ref: Katzung 9 ed, Table 10.2The elimination half life of esmolol is 10 min which is the shortest.Notes on beta blockersCardioselective beta blockers are metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, nebivololPropranolol has highest degree of membrane stabilizing action.Nadolol is lo...
3
Nebivolol
Carteolol
Esmolol
Timolol
Pharmacology
A.N.S.
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Drug of choice in paracetamol overdose: March 2011
Ans. A: N-acetyl cysteine In paracetamol poisoning, depletion of hepatic and renal glutathione potentiates the toxicity whereas treatment with sulfhydryl compounds such as cysteamine, 1- methionine and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is beneficial Acetylcysteine/ N-acetylcysteine/ N-acetyl-L-cysteine/ NAC) It is used primarily...
1
N-acetyl cysteine
Protamine
BAL
Magnesium hydroxide gel
Pharmacology
null
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single
Obesity is defined as if BMI is -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., > 30 Classification of adults according to BMIClassificationBMIRisk of comorbiditiesUnderweight<18-50Low (but risk of other clinical problems increased)Normal range18-50-24-99AverageOverweight:>25-00 Pre-obese25-00-29-99IncreasedObese class I30-00-34-99ModerateObese class II35-00-39-99SevereObese clas...
4
>20
>50
> 40
>30
Social & Preventive Medicine
Non-Communicable Diseases
aecdb011-65f1-4111-816e-de960e52730d
single
Sudden loud sound is more likely to damage the cochlea than prolonged sounds because
null
4
Basilar fibers are sensitive to sudden sounds but adapt to prolonged sounds
A sudden sound carries more energy
Tympanic membrane becomes flaccid during prolonged loud sounds
There is a latent period before the attenuation reflex can occur
Surgery
null
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single
Stop codons are
Terminator Codons : There are three codons which do not code for any paicular aminoacid.They ae "nonsense codons".more correctly termed as PUNCTUATOR OR TERMINATOR CODONS. They mark end of protein synthesis.These three codons are UAA,UAG,and UGA. UGA is a stop codon ,but in special circumstances,it stands for seleno-cy...
1
UAA
UAG
UGA
UAC
Biochemistry
Metabolism of nucleic acids
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single
Progressive multifocal leukoencephaloPathy is caused-
Harrison's principles of internal medicine. *In PML oligodendrocytes have enlarged densely staining nuclei that contain viral inclusions formed by crystallinearrays of JC virus paicles.
4
Epstein-barr virus
Varicella-zoster virus
Cytomegalo Virus
JC Papovavirus
Medicine
C.N.S
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single
A 17 year old athletic girl complains of anterior knee pain on climbing stairs and on getting up after prolonged sitting, likely diagnosis
null
2
Blount's disease
Chondromalacia patella
Nail - patella syndrome
Bursitis
Orthopaedics
null
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single
Cytokine with predominant anti-inflammatory action is ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., TGF-b Proinflammatorv cytokines i) Major:- IL-1, TNF- alpha, IL-6 ii) Other:- IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23, IFN- gamma, GM-CSF Anti-inflammatory cytokines i) IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor b (TGF-b)
3
Interleukin 6
GM-CSF
TGF-b
TNF-Alpha
Pathology
Chemical Mediators and Regulators of Inflammation
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single
In starvation, there is ketosis due to ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Increased b-oxidationStarvation is characterized by decreased insulin : glucagon ratio.This causes :?i) Increased lipolysis - More FFAs for ketogenesis.ii) Increased fi-oxidation - Increased ketogenosis.iii) Decreased oxaloacetate - Acetyl CoA is utilized in ketogenesis.Regulation of ketogenesisKetoge...
2
Decreased acetyl CoA
Increased b-oxidation
Decreased lipolysis
Decreased fatty acid
Biochemistry
null
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single
Lead poisoning mostly occurs due to :-
Lead poisoning (Plumbism, Saturnism or Painter's Colic): Greatest source of lead in Lead Poisoning (Plumbism, Saturnism or Painter's Colic) is; Gasoline / petrol / vehicular exhaust / automobile exhaust. Mode of absorption: Lead can be absorbed by inhalation (MC mode), ingestion or through skin. Clinical feature- baoni...
2
Ingestion
Inhalation
Direct skin contact
None of the above
Social & Preventive Medicine
Occupational Health
29c82b52-d2c9-4c5a-b43f-1475c25921e2
multi
A powerful cycloplegia is:
(Atorpine) (147-Parson 20th)* Atorpine - is the most potent and has longest duration of action (for 7 days or more)* Homatropine - are less potent. It affects lasts for 4-5 days* Tropicamide - short acting, though effective for upto 3 hours.* Phenylephrine - a selective alpha - 1 - agonist, sympathomimetics.
1
Atropine
Tropicomide
Phenylephrine
Homatropine
Ophthalmology
Drugs
4690f7b7-0e59-481a-80e3-e83d77cf0271
single
Which of the following is an opsonin?
Ans. b. C3bRef: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Ed; Page No-132Complement: System of hepatically synthesized plasma proteins that play a role in innate immunity and inflammation. Membrane attack complex (MAC) defends against gram [?] bacteria.Function of the ComplementC3b--opsonization.C3a, C4a, C5a-...
2
C3a
C3b
C5a
C6
Pathology
Immunity
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single
Edema occurs when plasma protein level is below:
Ans. (c) 5g/dL(Ref: Harshmohan 5th pg 97)When total plasma proteins <5gm/dl (normal 6-8gm/dl) or albumin <2.5gm/dl (normal 3.5-5gm/dl) edema takes place
3
8 g/Dl
2 g/dL
5 g/dL
10 g/dL
Pathology
Hemodynamics
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single
Which of the following are examples of modified apouine glands
Apocrine glands secrete the secretion by disintegration of apical portion of the cell and Mammary glands, Moll glands & cerumin glands are examples of modification of apocrine glands.
4
Mammary glands
Moll glands
Cerumin glands
All of the above
Dental
null
9f7332bd-f3c0-4559-b406-15df78224a95
multi
Administration of which of the following drug requires therapeutic drug monitoring?
Therapeutic drug monitoring is adjustment of dose of the drug according to its plasma concentration. It is required for A Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin) Drug Digitalis Possessing Phenytoin (anti-epileptics) Low Lithium Therapeutic Tricyclic antidepressants Index Immunomodulators (e.g. cyclosporine) Range of 0.8-1.2 ...
1
Lithium
Haloperidol
Diazepam
Acetazolamide
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
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single
In alcohol withdrawal, drug of choice is-
Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice in alcohol withdrawal. If the question asks you to chose a specific benzodiazepine, the best choice would be chlordiazepoxide.
3
TEP
Chlormethazole
Chlordiazepoxide
Buspirone
Psychiatry
null
2e377946-5ab4-469b-b3b0-36f912002ccf
single
Erythrocyte transketolase activity is seen in which vitamin?
Transketolase is an enzyme of both the pentose phosphate pathway in all organisms and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. It catalyzes two impoant reactions, which operate in opposite directions in these two pathways. In the first reaction of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, the cofactor thiamine diphosphat...
2
Riboflavin
Thiamine
Folic acid
Niacine
Biochemistry
Enzymes
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single
In polygraph test 'GSR' stands for: Karnataka 11
Ans. Galvanic Skin Reaction
2
Guilt Score Reaction
Galvanic Skin Reaction
Galvanic Sensor Reaction
Guilt Sensitivity Reaction
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
After 5 days of a normal vaginal delivery a woman is brought to the casualty at 11 pm by her husband with history of crying, loss of appetite, difficulty in sleeping, and feeling of low self esteem. Her general physical examination is un-remarkable and there are no worrisome findings from a pelvic examination. Which of...
Postpaum Mood Disorders Post paum blues Occur within first few days and resolve by 2 weeks (50-60 %) Due to sudden loss of progesterones. Characterised by mild mood swings, irritability, anxiety, decreased concentration, insomnia , tearfullness, crying spells85% of women for a sho time in the immediate postpaum period....
1
Blues
Manic depression
Neurosis
Psychosis
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Puerperium
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single
All of the following are true about 'Non-disjunction' EXCEPT?
Non-disjunction: failure of chromosomes to separate normally during cell division. It may occur in meiosis or mitosis. It may result in Aneuploidy. If non-disjunction occurs in one of the first few mitotic divisions, 2 or more cell lines can be observed in the same individual- 'Mosaicism'
4
It may result in Aneuploidy
It is the failure of chromosomes to separate normally during cell division
It may occur in meiosis or mitosis
It cannot cause Mosaicism
Pediatrics
Types of Genetic Disorders
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multi
Primordial prevention in coronary heart disease:
null
1
Salt restriction
BP monitoring
Exercise in high risk area
Statins
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
49427d33-d14f-4597-a315-adf7c5052bb1
single
The most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation is secondary to -
Tricuspid regurgitation Primary Rheumatic Endocarditis Myxomatous (TVP) Carcinoid Radiation Congenital (Ebstein's) Trauma Papillary muscle injury (post-MI) Secondary RV and tricuspid annular dilatation Multiple causes of RV enlargement(e.g., long-standing pulmonary HTN)Chronic RV apical pacing ( Harrison&;s principle o...
2
Rheumatoid hea disease
Dilatation of right ventricle
Coronary aery disease
Endocarditis due to intravenenous drug abuse
Medicine
C.V.S
2960c439-8937-45fa-a83e-7d5caa87aa6f
single
A young patient has a midline, tender swelling in neck occurring after an attack of sore throat. The diagnosis is:
Diagnosis in this case is acute thyroiditis. Acute thyroiditis is preceded by respirstory symptoms like sore throat and in young patient.
3
Acute thyroiditis
Thyroglossal cyst
Subacute thyroiditis
Toxic goiter
Surgery
Thyroid
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single
Detoxification of drugs is controlled by -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytochrome p450 o Cytochrome p450 enzymes are microsomal enzymes that are involved in phase I metabolism of many drugs,o Most of the drugs are metabolized by CYP 3 A4 isoform.Drug metabolizing enzymeso The drug metabolizing enzymes are divided into two types :MicrosomalThese are located on smooth endo...
2
Cytochrome
Cytochrome p450
Cytochrome C
Cytochrome A
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
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single
Treatment of Medullary Carcinoma thyroid:
Pheochromocytoma must be operated on first. These tumors are generally (>50%) bilateral. Total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with MTC because of the high incidence of multicentricity, the more aggressive course, and the fact that 131I therapy usually is not effective. Central compartment nodes f...
3
Surgery and Radiotheryapy
Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Surgery only
Radioiodine ablation
Surgery
null
00c88c9f-c94a-4ea2-933a-66c6a110ba8b
single
Most common tumour of hea is
Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1577: 289e-1 Myxomas are the most common type of primary cardiac tumor in adults, accounting for one-third to one-half of all cases at postmoem examination, and about three-quaers of the tumors treated surgically. They occur at all ages, most commonly in the third through sixth decades, with a ...
1
Myxoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Fibroma
Leiomyosarcoma
Anatomy
General anatomy
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single
Intravenous resuscitation is needed for any child with burn greater than
In children with burns over 10% total body surface area and adults with burns over 15% total body surface area, consider the need for intravenous fluid resuscitation.
1
10% total body surface area
20% total body surface area
25% total body surface area
35% total body surface area
Microbiology
All India exam
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single
Dentition is considered delayed in cases except
In ill-nourished children, and especially in rickets, and in hypothyroidism dentition may be delayed, while in syphilis, teeth may be premature or even present at bih. Developmentally, permanent teeth are divided into two sets : Superadded permanent teeth are those which do not have deciduous predecessors.All the perma...
4
rickets
hypothyroidism
malnutrition
congenital syphilis
Forensic Medicine
Human identification
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multi
Which of the following is the most reliable criteria in Gustafson's method of identification?
Gustafsons method is used in the estimation of age of an adult above 21 years depending on the physiologic age changes in each of the dental tissues. Transparency of root is the most reliable criteria among the Gustafsons method of identification. It is seen after 30years of age. Canal in the dentine is wide at first, ...
3
Attrition
Cementum apposition
Transparency of root
Root resorption
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
Blood flow to brain is not influenced by
Carotid and aoic bodies have very high rates of blood flow. These receptors are primarily activated by a reduction in paial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), but they also respond to an increase in the paial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) That is chemo receptors regulating blood flow to brain are insensitive to PaO2 despi...
2
PaC02
P02
Cerebral circulation
Systemic circulation
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
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single
Rhodopsin has a peak sensitivity to light of wavelength:
The photosensitive pigment in the rods is called rhodopsin (visual purple). Its opsin is called scotopsin. Rhodopsin has a peak sensitivity to light at a wavelength of 505 nm. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 23rd edition, Chapter 12.
3
100 nm
355 nm
505 nm
None of the above
Ophthalmology
null
70329265-ff34-4b3f-8d35-73a13a5dd884
multi
"Safe strategy" has been developed for the control of:
Ans. Trachoma
2
Conjunctivitis
Trachoma
Refractive error
Ocular trauma
Ophthalmology
null
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single