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Septic shock is due to - | Septic shock results most often from gram-negative bacteria entering the body. lysis of gram negative bacteria releases endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide into the circulation. it is responsible for immune system activation and systemic inflammatory response. Reference:rush Mohan textbook of pathology, 7th edition, pg no:... | 2 | Protein | Lipopolysaccharide | Teichoic acid | Peptidoglycan | Microbiology | Immunology | 6b32e1bc-ee66-4920-b3ec-5773130d0c3f | single |
Open book and bucket handle injuries are seen in: | B i.e. Pelvis | 2 | Spine | Pelvis | Femur | Humerus | Surgery | null | d8cacc0e-ff8d-4c2e-940c-c2340d388d36 | single |
Window period for HIV infection is | null | 1 | 3-12 weeks | 8-20 weeks | 6-24 weeks | None | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 48783079-5480-482b-87e5-c34a87f03e78 | multi |
Blue sclera is characteristic of? | ANSWER: (B) Osteogenesis imperfectaREF: Khurana 4th ed page 131, Yanoff 2nd ed page 518BLUE SCLERA:It is an asymptomatic condition characterised by marked, generalised blue discolouration of sclera due to thinning. It is a typical association of osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited condition... | 2 | Amelogenesis Imperfecta | Osteogenesis imperfect | Tetracycline hypoplasia | Fluorosis | Ophthalmology | Miscellaneous (Sclera) | 7567402c-bb4e-4caa-8380-495a477ae62b | single |
30 year old young male came with sudden onset visual loss with no h/o trauma and the fundus details cant be appreciated with no significant systemic history. The other eye has evidence of sheathing of vessels in periphery. A diagnosis of Eale's disease is made. The most common presenting symptom of this disease is | EALES DISEASE -Bilateral, Idiopathic, Occlusive, Peripheral periphlebitis -also known as angiopathia retinae juvenilis, periphlebitis retinae, primary perivasculitis of the retina. -Recurrent Vitreous Hemorrhage in young and is the most impoant and pathognomic identifying feature -There can be subtle signs of sheathing... | 2 | Neovascularization | Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage | Macular edema | Posterior subcapsular cataract | Ophthalmology | Vitreous Humour, Uveal Disorders | e531716e-a225-4bda-95f0-0ab6a8b7de42 | single |
During starvation, brain utilizes - | Ans. is 'c' i.e.. Ketone bodies o There is no stored fuel in brainQ, but it utilized 60% of total energy under resting conditionsQ,o Glucose is virtually the sole fuel for the brainQ, except in prolonged starving when ketone bodies are the major sourceQ.o Fatty acids do not serve as fuel for the brain, because they are... | 3 | Glycogen | Fattey acids | Ketone bodies | None | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates | ddf2835a-52f5-4d1f-b518-ff2340360714 | multi |
Chocolate Brown postmortem staining is seen in – | In poisoning by nitrites, potassium chlorate, nitrobenzene, potassium bicarbonate and aniline the colour of postmortem hypostasis is chocolate brown due to methemoglobinemia. | 3 | H S Poisoning | Opium Poisoning | KCl Poisoning | Cyanide poisoning | Forensic Medicine | null | c2cfb14f-a3a8-4f8c-ac3a-fde527a363c6 | single |
Factors which decrease insensible water losses are all, except – | Prematurity increases insensible water loss. | 4 | Humidified air | Sedation | Hypothermia | Prematurity | Pediatrics | null | b2d0281d-0d5f-4350-ba18-ac68195c164a | multi |
What is the clearance of a substance, if its concentration in plasma is 10 mg%, concentration in urine is 100 mg% and urine flow is 2 ml/min? | Ans. D. 20ml/min.rate of elimination = amount of drug excreted per hour concentration in urine x urine flow 2mg/min = 100 mg% x 2 ml/minNow Cl = RoE/Plasma concentration Therefore, Clearance =2mg/min/10mg%=20ml/min. | 4 | 0.02 ml/min | 0.2 ml/min | 2 ml/min | 20 ml/min | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology | 6dead94c-bbc5-4059-a89d-0d20f1074e3e | single |
A mutation in the codon which causes a change in the coded amino acid, is known as | Missense mutation causes change in codon so that it codes for a different amino acid. | 3 | Mitogenesis | Somatic mutation | Missense mutation | Recombination | Biochemistry | null | ac3c8000-230d-4685-b679-0921d608ebd5 | single |
A 6 year old child is continuously criticized by the teachers in classroom, it is a type of : | null | 3 | Physical abuse | Failure to thrive | Emotional abuse | Any of the above | Dental | null | 880a70d8-6379-4a71-befc-12544330fe04 | multi |
Operation theatres are sterilized by: March 2007 | Ans. B: Formaldehyde fumigation Chemical Sterilization Although heating provides the most reliable way to rid objects of all transmissible agents, it is not always appropriate, because it will damage heat-sensitive materials such as biological materials, fiber optics, electronics, and many plastics. Ethylene oxide High... | 2 | Ethylene oxide gas | Formaldehyde fumigation | Washing with soap water | Carbolic acid spraying | Microbiology | null | 6c8599df-e796-4dc0-a8b1-6f029b7021a4 | single |
Bacterial vegetations in heart valves are seen in: | null | 2 | Rheumatic heart disease | Infective endocarditis | A-V shunt | Corpulmonale | Medicine | null | 134717ab-b591-4e38-a337-a674111f527a | single |
Clinical features of hyperprolactinaemia are all except | Hyperprolactinemia is not associated with ambiguous genitalia. | 4 | Oligomenorrhea | Galactorrhea | Recurrent abortions | Ambiguous genitalia | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 3686e9cb-6b66-4b19-9c49-02adcec134e9 | multi |
All the following signs could result from infection within the right cavernous sinus, except | B i.e. Loss of corneal blink reflex | 2 | Loss of pupillary light reflex. | Loss of corneal blink reflex. | Ptosis | Right ophthalmopegia | Ophthalmology | null | 5e90bd38-37db-4177-93e6-029339a67294 | multi |
HPV type least commonly associated with carcinoma cervix : | HPV High oncongenicity: Types 16,18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 56 Low oncogenecity: Types 6,11, 42, 43 Ref: D.C.DUTTA&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY; 6th edition; Pg no:323 | 1 | 6 | 35 | 16 | 18 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological oncology | e8ee42b0-f0d2-4042-8a6c-2d8bf152dfe0 | single |
Ogaura Inawa and Hikojima are the serotypes of: | Ans. is. 'b' i. e., Vibrio cholerae | 2 | Yersina | Vibrio cholerae | E Coli | Salmonella typhi | Microbiology | null | 159a81e8-90de-4edd-a2de-5eb8d57cb704 | single |
Secretin does not cause : | D i.e. Gastric secretion increases | 4 | Secretin does not cause : | Auguments the action of CCK | Contraction of pyloic sphincter | Gastric secretion increase | Physiology | null | d393fbfb-e4de-4899-a9a0-6b848cb2abd7 | single |
The terminal branches of the external carotid artery are: | null | 4 | Superficial temporal and transverse facial | Transverse facial and maxillary | Posterior auricular and maxillary | Superficial temporal and maxillary | Anatomy | null | 164d2ffc-ef07-4929-a8c8-f3988ff1c30a | single |
Which of the following methods is most suitable for isolating gene of long DNA molecules | Chromosome walking is the best method to isolate gene from long segment of DNA. | 4 | Sanger's sequencing | Southern blotting RFCP | RFCP | Chromosome walking | Biochemistry | null | f986fd6c-5d30-4746-9e00-3e6626a0746e | single |
Which of the following drug can be used for medical adrenalectomy? | DRUGS INHIBITING THE FORMATION OF ADRENAL STEROIDS These drugs can be used for medical adrenalectomy Metyrapone Ketoconazole Aminoglutethimide Mitotane | 4 | Metyrapone | Ketoconazole | Aminoglutethimide | All of the above | Pharmacology | Adrenal | 4a2c07f2-1cf0-426e-8dd2-7050b0698648 | multi |
In which form of aminoacid is ammonia transported from skeletal muscle to liver? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Alanine* Two mechanisms are available for transport of ammonia from the peripheral tissues to the liver.1) In the form of glutamine# In many tissues like liver, kidney and brain, ammonia combines with glutamate to yield glutamine, by the action of glutamine synthase. The brain is a rich source of glut... | 3 | Glutamate | Glutamine | Alanine | Glycine | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids | 7a6528eb-bbc5-4b02-b91b-9650ea59f530 | single |
The following are true of PKDL except - | Recccurence doesnt depend on full tratment , reccurence is even seen after full treatment. Persistent hypergammaglobulinemia is seen in Kala azar which is detected by antimony test which is done for Kala azar. Cancrum oris can occur in Kala azar. Option 1, 2, 3, 4 PKDL (Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis): Seen in 2-1... | 4 | Persistent hypergammaglobulinemia | Seen in 2-10 year after succesfull treatment of VL | Cancrum oris can occur | Full treatment prevents PKDL | Microbiology | Parasitology Pa 1 (Protozoology) | d8e76d6e-7e5d-42a0-8681-839ff001bb9a | multi |
IPC which deals with dowry death is - | Ref:Textbook of forensic medicine & toxicology Nageshkumar G Rao 2nd edition pg 594 Sec 304-B IPC Dowry death-- When death of a woman occurs due to burn or other bodily injury or in circumstances other than normal within 7 years of marriage,and it is seen that she was submitted to cruelty or harassment by her husband o... | 2 | 304A | 304B | 303 | 302 | Forensic Medicine | Special topics | a9a10b50-404f-4cc9-86b3-2fbd593946ac | single |
All of the following statements regarding amyloidosis are true except - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Renal Amyloidosis commonly presents with Hypeension Most common presentation is proteinuria. o Hypeension may occur but it is not common, it occurs in 20-50% of the patients. "Although earlier it was thought that hypeension was an infrequent complication, more recently up to 50% of patients have been ... | 3 | Multiple myeloma - shows AL type deposits | Secondary amyloidosis - shows AA type deposits | Renal amyloidosis - shows AA type deposits | Renal amyloidosis commonly presents with mild proteinuria | Pathology | null | 4db699b9-46b5-4276-8acd-67a24e1c616a | multi |
Sunderland classification is used for ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nerve injury Sunderland is an extension of the seddon classification and includes 5 types of nerve injuries. | 1 | Nerve injury | Muscle injury | Tendon injury | Ligament injury | Surgery | null | 478995a0-f07f-402e-8fe6-3a382e2540c4 | single |
In pyridoxine deficiency, tryptophan is converted to - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Xantheurenic acid o In vitamin B6 deficiency the metabolism is shuted to xanthurenic acid. Therefore, xantheurenic acid excretion is increased in urine. | 3 | Nicotine | Acetoacetate | Xantheurenic acid | Acetyl CoA | Biochemistry | Amino Acid Metabolism | 8b70307b-ac90-489f-85e2-f2589cca3c90 | single |
Focal and diffuse thickening of gallbladder wall with high amplitude reflections and 'comet tail' artifacts on USG suggest the diagnosis of – | Focal and diffuse thickening of gallbladder wall with comet tail artifact is characteristic of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder. | 3 | Xanthogranulomatous cholecysitis | Carcinoma of gall bladder | Adenomyomatosis | Cholesterolosis | Radiology | null | a064ba70-67fb-4edb-a38a-ac9dc0b76b47 | multi |
All of the following lower intracranial pressure except- | Following steps are used to lower intracranial pressure Ventrititlostomy to drain CSF Elevate head end of bed Osmotherapy -- mannitol, hypeonic saline Glucocoiciods dexamethasone for vasogenic edema from tumor, abscess (avoid glucocoicoids in head trauma, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) Sedation (morphine, propofol, o... | 2 | Mannitol | Furosemide | Coicosteroids | Hyperventilation | Surgery | Head and neck | 7414097a-e242-473b-9e1c-a6f9f6b911bd | multi |
Maximum refractive index ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lens Lens has maximum refractive index among the refractive structures of eye. The refractive indices of the successive layers of lens increase from the periphery towards the nucleus. | 3 | Cornea | Air | Lens | Vitreous | Ophthalmology | null | 34e76f70-c18d-4d13-90a8-a0de6e0ed8cc | single |
Cholemicnephrosis seen in ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Obstructive jaundiceCholemicNephrosis 'Jaundice related Neuhropathyl Cholemicnephrosis is used to describe the renal failure in patients with obstructive jaundice, paicularly after renal transplantation.Diagnosis is made on light microscopy by presence of typical bilirubin casts.Altered hemodynamics a... | 4 | Addison's disease | Hemochromatosis | Hemochromatosis | Obstructive jaundice | Pathology | null | 842ffd3e-be3f-4e88-8ea1-7e2bc98288e9 | single |
A 52-year-old man presents to the out-patient clinic complaining of episodes of severe unilateral, stabbing facial pain that is intermittent for several hours, and then disappears for several days. The pain is described as "electric shock-like" and only lasts a few seconds. Physical examination of the face and mouth is... | This patient has trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant drug) is given in doses varying from 600 to 1200 mg/day. Phenytoin has also been used. The two drugs can also be used in combination. Operative procedures include alcohol injection of the nerve or ganglion, partial section of the nerve in the middl... | 4 | morphine | indomethacin | cimetidine | carbamazepine | Medicine | C.N.S. | 62d8f9b3-a99b-42d0-a0b4-e6883005bcb0 | single |
Which of the following represents Weber Fechner Law? | The intensity of sensation is determined by the amplitude of the stimulus applied to the receptor. Action potentials in an afferent fiber from a mechanoreceptor of a single sensory unit increase in frequency as branches of the afferent neuron are stimulated by pressure of increasing magnitude. The magnitude of sensatio... | 1 | Magnitude of stimulus strength perceived is approximately propoionate to the log of the intensity of stimulus strength | Magnitude of stimulus strength perceived is directly propoional to the intensity of stimulus strength | Threshold of receptor is directly propoional to stimulus strength | Threshold of receptor is inversely propoional to stimulus strength | Physiology | null | f7a56653-0b1e-4001-9cb7-7de0a3c5307b | single |
Toxicity of AH26 sealer is due release of | null | 1 | Formaldehyde | Eugenol | Resin acid | Gluteraldehyde | Dental | null | b8c7f2fd-05f1-4824-be32-0d6226487155 | single |
Thorium induced tumor is which of the following? | Angiosarcoma of the liver is a highly aggressive tumor which is associated with exposure to: Vinyl chloride Arsenic Thorotrast Thorotrast is a suspension containing paicles of the radioactive compound thorium dioxide. It emits alpha paicles due to which it has been found to be extremely carcinogenic. | 3 | Renal cell carcinoma | Lymphoma | Angiosarcoma of liver | Astrocytoma | Pathology | Etiological Factors of Neoplasia | e1003f41-0ef6-49d3-b4a8-b65f5a8548de | single |
Toxin involved in the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is -a) Pyrogenic toxinb) Erythrogenic toxinc) Hemolysind) Neurotoxin | null | 3 | ac | a | ab | bc | Microbiology | null | a85afc5a-6ce6-43b2-8265-a74c2b0b379e | single |
All findings are seen in a patient with isolated aoic stenosis except? | Aoic stenosis(AS) Results in LVH -Double apical impulse and shift of apex beat laterally. Characteristic pulse -Pulsus parvus et tardus. Early stages -BP -Normal. Later stages -Low SBP , | Pulse pressure. Murmur - Ejection systolic murmur with carotid thrill. Pulsus bisferiens is seen in HOCM & severe AR. | 2 | Left ventricular impulse is displaced laterally | Pulsus bisferiens is hallmark finding | Systemic BP is normal in early stages of disease | Carotid thrill | Medicine | Valvular hea diseases | 46a7aa7f-4a29-4963-a465-a4fdc9c82735 | multi |
Fatal dose of methanol - | Fatal dose of methyl alcohol is 60-250 ml in adults, but as little is 15 ml can cause blindness. | 3 | 15 ml | 30-60 ml | 60-250 ml | 500 ml | Forensic Medicine | null | a71cd4dd-9890-4431-8bbb-dc9a122f3ac7 | single |
A herd immunity of over .........is considered necessary to prevent epidemic spread of diphtheria: | 70% | 4 | 50% | 55% | 60% | 70% | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 0114fd9e-52e5-40ca-a0b4-fb3c146d275f | single |
In case of PSGN complication commonly seen are all Except | PSGN complications are -Acute renal failureChronic glomerulonephritisChronic renal diseaseCongestive hea failure or pulmonary oedemaEnd-stage renal diseaseHyperkalemiaHigh blood pressure (hypeension)Nephritic syndrome | 4 | LVF | Hypeensive encephalopathy | Hyperkalemia | Bleeding diathesis | Microbiology | All India exam | ccab721a-64c7-40f5-89d2-2dfcb79d8bb0 | multi |
A 52-year-old man was referred to the clinic due to increased abdominal girth. He is diagnosed with ascites by the presence of a fluid thrill and shifting dullness on percussion. After administering diuretic therapy, which nursing action would be most effective in ensuring safe care? | For the client with ascites receiving diuretic therapy, careful intake and output measurement are essential for safe diuretic therapy.
Diuretics lead to fluid losses, which if not monitored closely and documented, could place the client at risk for serious fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Hypokalemia, not hyperkalem... | 4 | Measuring serum potassium for hyperkalemia | Assessing the client for hypervolemia | Measuring the client’s weight weekly | Documenting precise intake and output | Medicine | null | ad80710c-61e6-4a4a-8bd2-7a231f4e3d8f | single |
Differentiating feature of female pelvis is -a) Subpubic angle V shapedb) Subpubic angle U shaped and obtusec) Pre auricular sulcus is prominentd) Ischial tuberosity is everted and obturator foramen is large and ovale) Ischial tuberosity is everted and obturator foramen small and triangular | Subpubic angle in females is U shaped, rounded and obtuse (90-100o).
Preauricular sulcus is more frequent, broad and deep in female pelvis.
In female pelvis, ischial tuberosity is everted and obturator foramen is small triangular. | 1 | bce | bc | acd | ace | Forensic Medicine | null | 0bc3f3d1-d6d4-47d3-812b-a74f47b9ed06 | multi |
A 30 year old known SLE female presents with ankle swelling. Her BP is 170/100 mmHg and she has marked lower limb edema. Urine dip stick discloses 4+ proteins with no hematuria. Plasma creatinine is 1.4 mg/dl, albumin is 1.5 g/dl and urine protein excretion rate was 6 gms for 24 hours. What is the cause of this present... | null | 3 | Amyloidosis | Class II lupus nephritis | Class V lupus nephritis | Pericardial effusion | Medicine | null | 30739838-aeea-4eee-9dbe-b3b6f0be5485 | single |
Pus formation in lacerated wound occurs in: | Normally, pus formation occurs in about 48 hours, but in a lacerated wound it occurs slightly earlier. | 2 | 12-24 hours | 24-48 hours | 48-72 hours | 1 week | Surgery | null | c46d53f6-c4a9-4579-8963-1acc2992f861 | single |
The best investigation for colorectal carcinoma: | Ans: d (Colonoscopy and biopsy)Ref: Bailey & Love, 24,hed, p. 1179 & 23rd ed,p.1051 | 4 | Exfoliative cytology | Air contrast barium enema | Ultrasound | Colonoscopy and biopsy | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine | 887f303e-f474-4103-80aa-7747dae24b4e | single |
Treatment of choice for hairy cell leukaemia is | The first-line therapy for hairy cell leukemia is cladribine, 0.1 mg/kg/d by continuous intravenous infusion for 7 days. The drug can be administered on an outpatient basis with a pump, after placement of a percutaneous intravenous central catheter (PICC). Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 544 | 2 | Steroids | Cladribine | Splenectomy | Pentostatin | Medicine | Oncology | 1a0dc6da-066c-4426-98e7-0c50a28631f8 | single |
A 23 year old asymptomatic woman attends her family physician for thyroid function testing as her mother has recently been commenced on levothyroxine. Thyroid functiontests (TFTs) show TSH 6miU/L, and free
T4 of 12.4 pmoi/L (0.96 ng/dL). Her serum thyroid peroxidase antibodies are strongly positive. What is the most ap... | This woman has subclinical hypothyroidism. There is no benefit in checking thyroglobulin antibodies as it does not change her diagnosis or management. With positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies she has a higher risk of progression to overt thyroid failure. A trial of thyroxine replacement would be advocated if her TSH... | 2 | Check thyroglobulin antibodies | Arrange a scintigraphy scan | Reassure and discharge | Repeat TFT s in 4-6 months | Medicine | null | 79b6e523-aa4a-4104-99d9-fff07830b4c9 | single |
Twenty-four hours following paial thyroidectomy where the inferior thyroid aery was also ligated (tied off), the patient now spoke with a hoarse voice (whisper), and had difficulty in breathing. Which nerve was injured? | The recurrent laryngeal nerve runs with the inferior thyroid aery toward the lower lobes of the thyroid, This means that the recurrent laryngeal nerve would be at risk in any surgery involving the inferior thyroid aery or the inferior poles of the thyroid. The recurrent laryngeal nerve becomes the inferior laryngeal ne... | 4 | Internal branch of superior laryngeal | Ansa cervicalis | Ansa subcla | Recurrent laryngeal | ENT | null | 2819ba2c-b278-4389-897d-accca34e170c | single |
Which of the following is true about pasteurization? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., It kills all bacteria except thermoduric bacteria (Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 31, 8th/e, p. 31-32) Thermoduric bacteria - Bacteria which can survive, to varying extents, the pasteurization process.Pasteurization kills nearly 90% of bacteria in milk except certain bacteria like Coxiella burnetti wh... | 2 | It kills all bacteria and spores | It kills all bacteria except thermoduric bacteria | It kills 95% of microorganisms | All bacteria are destroyed | Microbiology | General | 3f2ee2a3-a5f7-4315-9574-e0760e3f871e | multi |
Destruction of which nucleus results in starvation? | Lateral nucleus
Stimulation induces eating.
Destruction results in starvation. | 1 | Lateral nucleus | Arcuate nucleus | Posterior nucleus | Suprachiasmatic nucleus | Physiology | null | 5da69a75-e2cc-42dd-8dc4-3c2635d9e639 | single |
Pre conceptional intake of which of the following will decrease the incidence of neural tube defects? | Prophylactic folic acid supplementation in 2nd and 3rd trimester along with Vit. K in the last month of pregnancy is recommended, particularly in women receiving antiepileptic drugs to minimise neural tube defects and bleeding disorder respectively in the neonate.
Reference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology Eighth ... | 1 | Folate | Vitamin E | Vitamin C | All of the above | Pharmacology | null | b4819ff9-757a-45fc-a476-80b385fd954e | multi |
Chylothorax is common on right side because | Chylothorax is common on right side because of long course of thoracic duct towards right side. | 1 | Long course of thoracic duct towards right side | Presence of Liver on right side | Right lung has 3 lobes in contrast to left having 2 lobes | Due to megalymphatic congenital anomaly on right side | Surgery | null | 3f519fcc-6996-48f6-9cdb-9e33b6c44a79 | single |
Essential granulation tissue constituents include all except | null | 3 | Fibroblast | Macrophages | Polymorphs | Budding blood vessels | Pathology | null | efd41c31-4f71-405a-a126-e9bf5201ea27 | multi |
"Poers of Infection" are - | Houseflies are commonest and familiar insects which live close to man. House flies are exceptionally efficient mechanical spreaders of disease. They transpo microorganisms on their feet and hairy leg. Pathogenic organisms, ova, and cysts have been recovered from bodies of the housefly. House flies are called 'poers of ... | 2 | Anopheles | Housefly | Aedes | Cockroaches | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | 8830d115-683b-4762-a049-408a692145ec | single |
All of the following statements regarding ductus deference are true except | The ductus deferens is the continuation of the tail of the epididymis and runs in the spermatic cord through the scrotum, inguinal canal and into the abdominal cavity, where it is extra-peritoneal. There it travels laterally through the pelvis, passing anterior to the ureter and inferior to the bladder, where it unites... | 4 | The terminal pa is dilated to form ampulla | It crosses ureter in the region of ischial spine | It passes lateral to inferior epigastric aery at deep inguinal ring | It is separated from the base of bladder by the peritoneum | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis | a174039f-3ecf-4e31-a5c6-d7b9cbc50695 | multi |
All of the following are adverse effects of Digoxin except | Digoxin can cause all type of arryhthmias except Atrial Flutter. Infact Digoxin is used to treat Atrial Flutter. | 3 | Hyperkalemia | Yellow vision | Atrial Flutter | Gynaecomastia | Pharmacology | null | dc529891-06c3-455c-8a00-a62521008c0b | multi |
An essential amino acid in man is | Isoleucine, Leucine, Threonine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Valine are essential amino acids.
Reference: Vasudevan 7th ed, pg 27 | 3 | Aspartate | Tyrosine | Methionine | Serine | Biochemistry | null | 42f8ee19-b674-42b0-8c71-253299cec405 | single |
Inner ear fully developed at | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 20 weeksDevelopment of membranous internal ear is completed by 10" weeks and reaches its adult size and shape by 20-22 weeks when the cochlea is developed sufficiently. | 3 | 4 weeks | 10 weeks | 20 weeks | 32 weeks | Anatomy | null | 1f9556f8-ba17-44d9-911f-8d2802cef5bb | single |
Which one of the following increases intracranial tension | (B) Ketamine | 2 | Thiopentone | Ketamine | Halothane | Propofol | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | 47939e5a-b328-4cef-b6fb-54f7c5e9f61b | single |
If VDO is increased all will happen except: | null | 1 | Perleche | Improper aesthetics | Trauma to TMJ | Trauma to muscles | Dental | null | 46bbf55f-3da8-4d5a-98dc-99ed9e71b27c | multi |
Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with all of the following syndromes, EXCEPT: | The many and diverse syndromes to which retinitis pigmentosa may be linked include the following: Oligophrenia, obesity, syndactyly, and hypogonadism (Bardet-Biedl syndrome); hypogenitalism, obesity, and mental deficiency (Laurence-Moon syndrome); Friedreich and other types of spinocerebellar and cerebellar ataxia; spa... | 4 | Usher's syndrome | Bassen-Kornzweig disease | Kearns-Sayre syndromes | Marfan syndrome | Ophthalmology | null | 9a737df5-008c-46b1-bc4f-b5089ebfc39e | multi |
In cold caloric stimulation test, the cold water induces movement of the eyeball in the following direction | When Ice cold or warm water or air is irrigated into the external auditory canal, the temperature difference between the body and the injected water creates a convective current in the endolymph of the nearby horizontal semicircular canal. If the water is cold relative to the body temperature (30degC or below), the end... | 1 | Towards the opposite side | Towards the same side | Upwards | Downwards | ENT | Ear | b41ddb1e-ee7d-46e7-a55d-b9728b22f23d | multi |
Functional residual capacity is: | C i.e. Volume remaining after normal expiration | 3 | Volume remaining after forced expiration | Tidal volume + volume inspired forcefully | Volume remaining after normal expiration | Tidal volume + volume expired by forced expiration | Physiology | null | c9cdc713-f7ff-42d6-b4f3-ddb3d651e910 | single |
All cause diarrhea except; | Hypercalcemia increases the tone of sphincters of the gut leading to refractory constipation. Autonomic dysfunction in diabetes explains the diarrhea. Due to sympathetic activity increase in thyrotoxicosis there is a reduction in small bowel transit time explaining the diarrhea. IBS has variable presentation between di... | 2 | Diabetes | Hypercalcemia | Hypehyroidism | Irritable bowel syndrome | Medicine | Malabsorbtion Syndrome | dbaea293-b4a9-499f-9fda-43b83a8481ca | multi |
Gaze fixation takes place at which age | Gaze fixation stas developing in the first month and is completed in 6 months The macula is fully developed by 4-6 months Fusional reflexes, stereopsis, and accommodation is well developed by 4-6 months Cornea attains normal adult diameter by 2 years of age Lens grows throughout life. Reference : AK Khurana Comprehensi... | 2 | 3 months | 6 months | 1 year | 2 years | Ophthalmology | Anatomy, Development and clinical examination | 6d1d230d-8adc-46ca-9a58-07d979d387ea | single |
All of the following statements about the periosteum are true except? | The periosteum is highly sensitive to pain. Note that the needle touching the periosteum in inadvertent intramuscular injection can produce severe pain. | 4 | It is highly vascular | It does not cover the articular surface of the bones | It is pierced by the fibres of sharply | It is insensitive to pain | Anatomy | null | 357e8cb5-24b5-4445-8c93-0a2a554210fb | multi |
Aldosterone receptors are present in all except | The mineralocoicoid receptor (or MR, MLR, MCR), also known as the aldosterone receptor or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, is a receptor with equal affinity for mineralocoicoids and glucocoicoids.mineralocoicoid receptor is expressed in many tissues, such as the kidney, colon, hea, central nervous system (hippocampus), br... | 1 | Liver | Colon | Hippocampus | Distal nephron | Physiology | Endocrinology | 70e4345a-04f3-4d80-b426-44bcc511ce63 | multi |
Which of the following does not directly drain into right atrium ? | Great cardiac veinGreat cardiac vein does not directly drains into right atrium. It drains into coronary sinus, which in turn drains into right atrium.Veinous drainage of heaCoronary sinus : Opens into right atrium and has following tributries : (i) Great cardiac vein, (ii) Middle cardiac vein, (iii) Posterior vein of ... | 1 | Great cardiac vein | Anterior cardiac vein | Thebasian vein | Venae cordis minimi | Anatomy | null | 48ac8893-b8b0-4aa6-bed3-6463f32c13bd | single |
Most common site of metastasis in lung carcinoma: | Metastasis- M/c site of metastasis in CA lung is brain (new updates)- B>B>L>A>L* Brain > Bone > Liver > Adrenal > lung | 4 | Liver | Adrenal | Bone | Brain | Surgery | Oncology | 8d3134eb-b48f-4f08-aab0-938cac7222eb | single |
A 10 month old male patient comes with vomiting, lethargy and severe jaundice when weaning was started with fruit juice. Laboratory diagnosis reveals prolonged clotting time, hypoalbuminemia, elevation of bilirubin and transaminase levels. Which of the following enzyme is defective? | Hereditary fructose intolerance
Autosomal Recessive.
Biochemical defect
Deficiency of fructose – 1,6 – bisphosphate Aldolase (Aldolase B).
The gene for aldolase B is on chromosome 9q22.3.
Deficiency of this enzyme activity causes a rapid accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate and initiates severe toxic symptoms when exp... | 2 | Aldolase A | Aldolase B | Fructokinase | Sucrase | Biochemistry | null | f11faae5-c6d8-40b9-a6b7-88beba322e37 | single |
158 Thyroid storm during surgery is most commonly due to ? | null | 3 | Perioperative intervention | Glucocorticoid side effect | Inadequate preoperative preparation | Rough handling during surgery | Surgery | null | 67469656-f14d-4434-8742-0d25ae323b40 | single |
A 2 years male boy presenting with sudden severe dyspnoea, most common cause is - | null | 1 | Foreign body | Bronchiolitis | Asthmatic Attack | None | ENT | null | 046a2478-8abb-41a6-87bd-158452a3fa43 | multi |
Visual center is present in- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Occipital lobe * Occipital lobe has the following areas related to visioni) Primary visual cortex (strike area, area 17) : It is present in medial surface of occipital lobe on upper lip and lower lip of calcarine sulcus.ii) Visual association areas (secondary visual area, areas 18, 19) : It include pa... | 2 | Parietal lobe | Occipital lobe | Frontal lobe | Temporal Lobe | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy | e2d8129d-921d-4c7c-a597-61adce2431bf | single |
To create a poo-caval shunt in a patient with poal hypeension, which of the following venous anastomosis should be performed? | Poacaval shunting is major surgery. It involves a large cut (incision) in the belly area (abdomen). The surgeon then makes a connection between the poal vein (which supplies most of the liver's blood) and the inferior vena cava (the vein that drains blood from most of the lower pa of the body.)The new connection dives ... | 4 | Superior mesenteric vein to inferior mesenteric vein | Right gastric vein to left gastric vein | Right gastric vein to right gastric vein | Left splenic vein to left renal vein | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis | b727565b-360b-41db-ba56-ca0d13fddc7b | single |
A middle aged female has flaccid bullae in the skin and oral erosion. Histopathology shows intraepidermal acanthololytic blisters. The most likely diagnosis is – | Clues given are :-
Flaccid bullae
Oral erosion (mucosal involvement)
Intraepidermal acantholysis
Diagnosis is pemphigus vulgaris. | 1 | Pemphigus vulgaris | Paraneoplastic pemphigus | Bullous pemphigoid | Dermatitis hepatiformis | Dental | null | f0bf9ac8-f0f1-4c6d-a7fe-5e45239c30b1 | single |
A metastatic carcinoma in the brain of an adult most often comes from a primary in the - | answer: D | 4 | Stomach | Ovary | Oral cavity | Lung | Unknown | null | 62981e1e-11cc-4fa7-8fc7-2d486cce56b1 | single |
A patient with microcytic hypochromic anemia, Hb-9%, serum iron is 20 p./d1, ferritin level 800 mg/ml, transferrin percentage saturation is 64. What is possible diagnosis aEUR' | Atransferinemia Derangment in serum iron indices mentioned in the question : ? Microcytic hypochromic anemia Low serum iron - Normal (50-170 ,ug/dI) High serum. ferritin Normal (30-400 ng/ml) High serum transferrin Normal (30-50%) Let's look at the options first Iron deficiency anemia Can be easily ruled out as serum f... | 1 | Atransferrinemia | Iron deficiency anemia | DMT 1 mutation | Hemochromatosis | Pathology | null | a81c722c-e23f-4cfc-940f-0fa5e05409ee | single |
Dermatophytes are | Ans: (b) Trichophyton rubrumRef: Harrison 17th ed. /1309DERMATOPHYTOSIS OR RING WORM (TINEA) INFECTION* Dermatophytes include a group of fungi (ring worm) that under most conditions have the ability to infect & survive only on dead keratin; that is the superficial topmost layer of skin (stratum corneum or keratin layer... | 2 | Tinea versicolor | Trichophyton rubrum | Sporothrix | All of the above | Skin | General | 754a5bef-2751-425c-9f5a-23f0df08bf5b | multi |
Range of kuppu swami scale for upper middle class: | Ans. (b) 16-25Ref: K. Park 23rd ed. / 690MODIFIED KUPPUSWAMI SCALE: Scale of socio- economic status of urban families, includes Education status of head, occupation status of head, Income per capita.Total score of 3 componentsSocioeconomic class* 26-29* 16-25* 11-15* 05-10* 03-04UpperUpper-middleLower-middleUpper-lower... | 2 | 26-29 | 16-25 | 16-26 | 26-30 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography | 4d3b9a0e-f8b2-47c1-9d97-9cf697b8e905 | single |
The first permanent tooth to erupt in the oral cavity
is the: | null | 2 | Mandibular central incisor | Mandibular first molar | Maxillary central incisor | Maxillary first molar | Dental | null | 45104496-0b50-4c03-9275-1ce034128e2c | single |
Characteristic of type-II respiratory failure is: September 2010 | Ans. D: Low PaO2 and high PaCO2 Type II Respiratory Failure (Ventilatory Failure: Aerial Hypercapnia): Paial pressure of CO2 in the aerial blood reflects the efficiency of ventilatory mechanism that clears (washes out) CO2 produced during tissue metabolism. Type II failure can be caused by any disorder that decreases c... | 4 | Low PaO2 and low PaCO2 | Low PaO2 and normal PaCO2 | Normal PaO2 and high PaCO2 | Low PaO2 and high PaCO2 | Medicine | null | 19cc43e1-c332-4b45-b0a0-0f7c1c5726e0 | single |
As per our National Population Policy 2000, the long-term objective is to achive the population stability by which one of the following years? | National population policy 2000 The National Socio-Demographic Goals to be achieved by the year 2010 were as follows: (1) Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive and child health services, supplies and infrastructure. (2) Make school education upto the age 14 free and compulsory, and reduce drop-outs at primary ... | 3 | 2025 | 2035 | 2045 | 2055 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases | 07546120-8aba-482d-b1bb-9055c8cbd65d | single |
which of the following is a absolute contra indication for ECT | HISTORY * Medunna ====IM injection of camphor to induce seizures * Ugo cerletti and lucio bini==== ECT in a catatonic patient INDICATIONS * DEPRESSION SUICIDAL IDEAS-------------- first choice * CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA * SCHIZOPHRENIA * MANIA * ELECTRODE PLACEMENT * Most commonly used=== bi fronto temporal * More cogni... | 4 | pediatric | pregnacy | geriatric | nil | Anatomy | Treatment in psychiatry | af6499ea-b612-4431-ab87-4cfea40127e2 | single |
For fetal lung maturation, all the corticosteroids can be used except: | DOC for fetal lung maturation is betamethasone. Methylprodnisolone is not effective because of poor placental transfer. | 4 | Betamethasone | Dexamethasone | Hydrocortisone | Methylprednisolone | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | a5766730-5d78-4ec5-9c24-0ddb0e7acd2e | multi |
Which of the following statements comparing serotonin-dopamine antagonists (SDAs) with dopamine receptor antagonists (DRAs) is true? | Ans. D. SDAs affect both serotonin and glutamate receptorsThe serotonin-dopamine antagonists (SDAs) affect both serotonin and glutamate receptors. However, the SDAs produce minimal or no extrapyramidal symptoms and interact with different subtypes of dopamine receptors than do the standard antipsychotics. They also pro... | 4 | DRAs is first choice of treatment for schizophrenia. | SDAs produce more neurological adverse effects. | SDAs produce more extrapyramidal symptoms. | SDAs affect both serotonin and glutamate receptors. | Psychiatry | Pharmacotherapy In Psychiatry | 7805ab2b-5c81-4f5e-adf2-6df2e0386345 | multi |
A 62-year-old man reports early satiety, fatigue, and generally feeling unwell. On examination he has a large spleen, appears pale, and the rest of the examination is normal. His blood count is abnormal; the WBC is 50,000/mL with increased mature granulocytes, hemoglobin 9.5 g/dL, and platelets 450,000/mL. Which of the... | This is a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The reciprocal translocation involves the long arms of 22 and 9, and results in translocation of the ABL proto-oncogene from chromosome 9 adjacent to a portion of the BCR gene on chromosome 22. The resultant abnormal chromosome 22 is known as the Philadelphia (Phi) chromo... | 2 | deletion of chromosome 14 | reciprocal translocation of 9 and 22 (Philadelphia chromosome) | translocation of the renal artery stenosis (RAS) oncogene | trisomy 21 | Medicine | Blood | 820e866c-b4d1-473a-9db4-b2db989ba55f | multi |
Characteristic feature of cells of collecting duct are | Features of collecting duct cells :
No brush border
No carbonic anhydrase in lumimal membrane
Has 'tight' tight junction
Para cellular transport not possible | 4 | Pressure of brush border | Pressure of carbonic anhydrase in lumimal membrane | It has leaky tight junction | Para cellular transport not possible | Physiology | null | f7cc3b7e-dc74-4ed7-8b7e-c5cc9d0510db | single |
which organ is preserved in strychinine poisoning ? | hea : strychinine , digoxin Skin- Hypodermic injections, snake bite, Corrosives. Hair, Nails- Heavy Metal Poisoning. Spinal Cord- Strychnine Poisoning CSF- Alcohol intoxication (in 1.0 mg NaF/ml of fluid) Urine- Narcotics Body Fat- Endrin , DDT(Organo Chlorines). Muscle- When internal organs are badly putrefied. ref : ... | 1 | hea | brain | liver | csf | Forensic Medicine | All India exam | 7aafab3b-e656-4d2e-995e-569b99171086 | single |
Shift of HCO3– out of RBC in exchange for Cl– is known as | CO2 diffuses through tissue to enter plasma
↓
Inside RBC, CO2 rects with H2O to form Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
↓
H2CO3 Splits to form H+ and HCO3– with the help of enzyme Carbonic anhydrase. | 2 | Bohr effect | Hamberger shift | Haldane shift | Ondine's shift | Physiology | null | 56c65fb2-6004-4278-a843-a2852a7a0d08 | single |
Which of the following porphyrias is not inherited as an Autosomal Dominant disorder - | Porphyrins are normal pigment present in haemoglobin, myoglobin and cytochrome. Porphyria refers to an uncommon disorder of inborn abnormality of porphyrin metabolism. It results from a genetic deficiency of one of the enzymes required for the synthesis of haem, resulting in excessive production of porphyrins. Often, t... | 2 | Acute Intermittent Porphyria | Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria | Porphyria Cutanea Tarda | Hereditary Coproporphyria | Pathology | miscellaneous | 4b94bce0-c120-4ffe-bc80-cc8d78744938 | single |
Absence of Corpus callosum leads to | Agenesis of corpus callosum is a rare bih defect (congenital disorder) in which there is complete or paial absence of corpus callosum. Corpus callosum is a band of tissue connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. Fibres of corpus callosum arise from the superficial layers of the cerebral coex and they project to the... | 4 | Hemiparesis | Hemisensory loss | Astereognosis | No neurological manifestations | Medicine | All India exam | 9390626a-6457-402f-bd80-c940b04fbd99 | multi |
Tuberculin test is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Intradermal o In tuberculin test, injection is given intradermally on flexor (ventral) surface of left forearm, mid-wav between elbow & wrist.Intradermal injection of PPDon flexor aspect of forearm | Examined at 48-72 hours |||Induration > 10 mmInduration < 5 mmInduration 6-9 mm|||PositiveNegativeEqui... | 2 | Subcutaneous | Intradermal | Intramuscular | Subdermal | Social & Preventive Medicine | Tuberculosis | 694f8980-3d23-48ec-adae-67d6924f38c1 | single |
Baby with fused eyes and single nasal chamber, undeveloped callosum. What is diagnosis? | A i.e. HoloprosencephalyRef: Nelson, Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edition, page 2640Explanation:HoloprosencephalyDisorder of neuronal migration with defective cleavage of the prosencephalon (the forebrain of the embryo fails to develop into two hemispheres) and inadequate induction of the forebrain structures.Cause - M... | 1 | Holoprosencephaly | Schizencephaly | Plagiocephaly | Brachycephaly | Pediatrics | Central Nervous System | 79ec7a4d-c8e2-4f5a-894c-fde7bda8dc76 | multi |
Selective 5–HT4 agonist useful in gastroesophageal reflux disease and lacking arrhythmogenic property is : | Both cisapride and tegaserod are selective 5HT4 agonists useful in the treatment of GERD. Cisapride possesses cardiac K+ channel blocking activity and can lead to torsades de pointes. Tegaserod is devoid of this adverse effect. However, tegaserod has recently been withdrawn due to an increased risk of MI and stroke. | 4 | Buspirone | Sumatriptan | Cisapride | Tegaserod | Pharmacology | null | 9d764167-17f3-47b2-abfa-c511cc7f7e9a | single |
All are true about facial recess except: | null | 2 | Supra pyramical recess | Medially it is bounded by chorda tympani and laterally by facial nerve | Impoant in cochlear implant | Middle ear can be approached through it | ENT | null | ebc90d64-b46f-433c-9809-ac6b671b564a | multi |
TRUE about mycoplasma is - | null | 1 | Causes lung infection | Penicillin is drug of choice | Thick cell wall | Thallium acetate inhibits the growth | Microbiology | null | d77b863d-a11a-477e-80eb-166df2946662 | multi |
Which is the precursor amino acid for selenocysteine | null | 3 | Cysteine | Cystine | Serine | Glycine | Biochemistry | null | 72c94876-d0a9-4d0a-80e0-915c4cf0d288 | single |
Risk of Pneumococcal meningitis is seen in : | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Post Splenectomy Patient In table 138-1 p 884 a list of conditions commonly predisposing to pneumococcal infection is given.The list is very long and its not possible to memorize it so I will pick out some important ones for you.Conditions predisposing to pneumococcal infectionsLymphomaMultiple myeloma... | 1 | Post splenectomy Patient | Patient undergone neurosurgical intervention | Patient following cardiac surgery | Patient with hypoplasia of lung | Microbiology | Bacteria | 31bac2b0-bc21-4e7e-bf70-ca0a2ae8a051 | single |
Following is the advantage of anastrazole over tamoxifen in cases of breast carcinoma - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Prevents estrogen production from extraovarian sources o Both the drugs anastrazole and tamoxifene are used in the medical management of patients with breast carcinoma. These patients mostly belong to old age group and the main source of estrogen is from peripheral conversion of androgen to estrogen u... | 3 | Not a teratogen | Causes more cardiomegaly | Prevents estrogen production from extraovarian sources | All of the above | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Pharmacology in Gynaecology | c3f5d87f-ad66-4f27-8246-8ad40db8fc9a | multi |
Most common location of lymphoma in the G.I.T? | Ans. (a) Stomach* Primary gastric lymphoma is an uncommon condition, accounting for less than 15% of gastric malignancies and about 2% of all lymphomas. However, the stomach is a very common extranodal site for lymphomas (lymphomas originating somewhere else with metastasis to stomach).It is also the most common source... | 1 | Stomach | Ileum | Mesentery | Colon | Surgery | Benign Gastric Disease | e3e4b228-600e-468d-80fb-e900900cedcd | single |
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