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Statins act on which enzyme -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., HMG CoA reductase Hypolipidemic drugsHMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) - Lovastatin. Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin.Bile acid sequestrants (Resins) - cholestyramine, colestipol.Activate lipoprotein lipase (fibric acid derivatives) - clofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, feno...
4
Acyl CoAsynthetase
Acyl Co A reductase
HMG CoA Synthetase
HMG CoA reductase
Pharmacology
Hypolipidemic
20178e56-6120-4a3a-9468-53750351c780
single
Antiendomysial antibody is used in screening of ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Coeliac diseases Coeliac disea.se (CD) is a permanent intolerance of the small intestine to gluten, characterized by gluten-dependent changes in villous morphology and/or signs of immunological activation detectable in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa. The presence of serum anti-endomysial anti...
1
Myasthenia gravis
Auto immune hepatitis
Coeliac diseases
Graves disease
Pediatrics
null
cf773a89-7c49-4bb8-8d99-4ccae09dda4e
single
Primary level of prevention is?
Modes Primordial Before the emergence of risk factor Health education Primary Risk factor but no disease yet Health promotion, specific protection Secondary Disease possible staed in the body Early diagnosis, Treatment Teiary Disease is already in progression Disability limitation , Rehabilitation
2
Prevention of emergence of risk factors
Prevention of disease in Pre-pathogenesis phase
Prevention of disease in incipient stage
Prevention of disability and rehabilitation
Social & Preventive Medicine
Levels of Prevention of Disease
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Predisposing factor for leukemia –
null
1
Down syndrome
Lowe's syndrome
Fragile–x–syndrome
None
Pediatrics
null
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multi
Allen test detects insufficiency of which aery
Allen's Test Tests the adequacy of the blood supply to the hand from the radial and ulnar aeries and the arcade between them Allen's test is used to know the integrity of palmar arcg (patency of radial and ulnar aeries). If these are patent, AVF can be safely ligated Method of Allen's test Elevate the hand and apply di...
1
Radial aery
Umbilical aery
Popliteal aery
Aoa
Surgery
Vascular surgery
fdeb4aa3-4fef-4030-9997-b6c862d39dd5
multi
Best method of sterilizing disposable syringes:
null
3
Hot air oven
U.V. rays
Gamma rays
Boiling
Microbiology
null
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single
Which of the following features is not shared between 'T cells' and 'B cells' -
Option 1 During development T cells undergo both positive selection and negative selection, while B cells undergo only negative selection (by apoptosis of self-reacting immature B-cells in spleen). Death of cells with TCRs that do not react with self MHC proteins - negative selectionSurvival of cells with TCRs that rea...
1
Positive Selection during Development
Class I MHC Expression
Antigen Specific Receptors
All of the above
Microbiology
Immunology Pa 2 ( Hybridoma Technology, Complement Pathways, Interferon, Structure and Functions of Immune Cells )
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the relation of bile duct
Bile duct : Anatomy It lies in front of the poal vein and to the right of the hepatic aery Common hepatic duct is 1-4cm in length and has a diameter of approx. 4mm CBD is about 7-11 cm in length and 5-10 mm in diameter A fibroareolar tissue containing scant smooth muscle surround the mucosa (a distinct muscle layer is ...
3
Posteriorly related to 1st pa of duodenum
Related posteriorly to the tunnel of pancreatic head
Anteriorly related to 1st pa of duodenum
Related to IVC posteriorly
Anatomy
G.I.T
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multi
Which of the following is a manifestation of magnesium deficiency?
Magnesium deficiency causes irritability, hyper reflexion and sometimes hyporeflexia, tetany and seizures. Ref: Park 22nd edition, page 577.
4
Tetany
Hyper reflexia
Hypo reflexia
All of the above
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
30cde04c-0906-401f-9628-4c68fb6e7862
multi
The most important function of epithelioid cells in tuberculosis is:
Ans. (b) Secretory(Ref: Immunology, 8th edition, by David Male; pg 427)Epithelioid cells are transformed macrophages that have lost their phagocytic function but retained their secretory activity.Epithelioid cells contain numerous endoplasmic reticulum & golgi bodies.They secrete IL10, TNF alpha, TGF beta;
2
Phagocytosis
Secretory
Antigenic
Healing
Pathology
Respiration
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single
Smoke stake pattern is characteristic of?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Central serous retinopathy * Smoke stack pattern (small hyper fluorescent spot which ascends vertically like a smoke-stack), which gradually spreads laterally to take a mushroom or umbrella configuration, is a Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) finding of Central Serous Retinopathy.* Another importa...
4
Sickle cell retinopathy
Sarcoidosis
Acute retinal necrosis
Central serous retinopathy
Ophthalmology
Retina
28e068d7-e49c-4855-bcab-f55d013b3677
single
Surgical scissors left in abdomen is covered under which doctrine -
Res ipsa loquitur: means the thing or fact speaks for itself. Here the patient has to merely state the act of negligence. It must satisfy the conditions that in the absence of negligence, the injury would not have occurred ordinarily, the doctor had exclusive control over the injury-producing treatment or instrument an...
1
Res ipsa loquitur
Medical maloccurrence
Therapeutic misadventure
Novus actus interveniens
Forensic Medicine
Medical Jurisprudence
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Sloughing of necrotic epithelium is characteristic of:
null
1
Aspirin burn
Denture sore mouth
Traumatic ulcer
Contact dermatitis
Pathology
null
3b4ab17a-67cb-4617-a289-ce9a94c4c600
single
Patient presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea taking clindamycin for 5 days. Treated with metronidazole symptoms subsided. What is the causative agent -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clostridium difficile
1
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium welchi
Clostridium marneffi
Microbiology
null
90939561-2cc8-4c05-be55-412fb9f9d83c
single
Indication for intramuscular iron therapy?
Ans. d (Oral iron intolerance). (Ref. KDT, Pharmacology, 6th/pg.584)IRON THERAPY# Some iron preparations come with other compounds designed to enhance iron absorption, such as ascorbic acid,# Typically, for iron replacement therapy, up to 300 mg of elemental iron per day is given, usually as three or four iron tablets ...
4
Pregnancy
Postpartum period
Emergency surgery
Oral iron intolerance
Pharmacology
Hematology
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Edrophonium binds to which site of Acetylcholinesterase
Edrophonium is ultra sho-acting acetylcholinesterase drug which binds only to anionic site Ref: KDT 6th ed pg 104
1
Anionic site
Esteric site
Both the sites
Doesn't bind to any site
Pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system
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Which of the following provide opacity to composite?
null
3
TEGDMA
BIS-GMA
TiO2
None
Dental
null
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multi
Indications for exchange transfusion are all except?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cord bilirubin < 5 mg/100 ml Cord bilirubin 5 or more is an indication.
3
Unconjugated bilirubin > 18 mg/100 ml
Cord hemoglobin < 10 mg/100 ml
Cord bilirubin < 5 mg/100 ml
Bilirubin protein ratio > 3.5
Pediatrics
null
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A 26-year-old recently married woman presents with tender nodules on her shin. Initial history taking should include questions about
Red tender nodules on her shin could be erythema nodosum; Erythema nodosum is a type of panniculitis, i.e. an inflammatory disorder affecting subcutaneous fat.Oral contraceptives which this newly married woman would take is likely hereOther causes are Neutrophilic dermatoses (Behcet's disease, Sweet's syndrome), iodide...
2
Her stress level
Any new medications she may have staed
History of foreign travel
Insect bites to the legs
Microbiology
All India exam
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Fatty acid found exclusively in breast milk is:-
- Fatty acid found exclusively in breast milk: DHA (Docosa hexanoic acid) - It aids in development of brain by promoting myelination of neurons. OTHER ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS & THEIR RICH SOURCES: Linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid - Safflower oil Linolenic acid - flaxseed oil, soyabean oil Eichosa pentanoic acid - fish oil...
3
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Docosa hexanoic acid
Eichosa pentanoic acid
Social & Preventive Medicine
Proteins, Fats, Rich Sources
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Severity of mitral stenosis is determined by: March 2005
Ans. B: Diastolic murmur duration Mitral Stenosis Severity assessment on auscultation - Time interval between A2 and opening snap is inversely propoional to the severity of MS. - Duration (of low pitched, rumbling, diatolic murmur, heard at the apex) of murmur correlates with the severity of stenosis in patients with p...
2
Intensity of S1 hea sound
Diastolic murmur duration
Opening snap
Intensity of diastolic murmur
Medicine
null
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30 year old patient with pain in right hypochondrium for 5 days with soft and tender liver and intercostal tenderness. He complains of catch in breath on inspiration and has a non productive cough. On examination the lung fields are clear, patient looks pale and emaciated. Probable diagnosis is
Ans. (a) Ameobic liver abscessRef:Manipal Manual of surgery, 4th ed./521Refer to the above explanationHydatid cystUsually clinically silentEnlarged liver with smooth surface and is non tender.Pyogenic liver abscessMultiple abscess leading to spiky fever and enlarged liver.Hepatic adenomaPresents in young women on OCP a...
1
Amoebic liver abscess
Pyogenic live abscess
Hydatid cyst
Hepatic adenoma
Surgery
Hepatic Tumors, Cysts, and Abscesses
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In post-hepatic jaundice, the concentration of conjugated bilirubin in the blood is higher than that of unconjugated bilirubin because -
Jaundice Jaundice is not a disease but rather a sign that can occur in many different diseases. Jaundice is the yellowish staining of skin and sclerae which is caused by the high level of blood bilirubin. On the basis of etiology, jaundice can be divided into 3 types : - 1. Prehepatic jaundice Prehepatic jaundice is...
3
There is an increased rate of destruction of red blood cells.
The unconjugated bilirubin is trapped by the bile stone produced in the bile duct.
The conjugation process of bilirubin in liver remains operative without any interference.
The UDP-glulcuronosyltransferase activity is increased manifold in obstructive jaundice.
Pathology
null
a689858e-3d24-44aa-83bf-57ee41f73fd8
single
The causative organism can be best isolated in which of the following conditions.
Staphylococcus aureus can be isolated from a tampon of a patient with toxic shock syndrome. S.aureus strains isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome produce a toxin called toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), which can be found in the vagina, on tampons, in wounds or other localized infections, or in the thr...
1
Tampons in toxic shock syndrome
Rheumatic valvulitis
CSF in tetanus
Diptheritic myocarditis
Anatomy
Bacteriology
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single
A 63-year-old woman fell while crossing the street after her Thursday afternoon bridge game. Attempts at resuscitation for cardiac arrest by the emergency medical service (EMS) team were unsuccessful. The woman had previously been diagnosed as having aortic stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition to thes...
Sudden cardiac death is defined as an unexpected death occurring within 1 hour after the beginning of symptoms in a patient who was previously hemodynamically stable. In asymptomatic patients presenting initially with cardiac disease, 20% will die within the first hour of symptoms. Electrolyte imbalance, hypoxia, and c...
2
Split first heart sound
Hypokalemia
Soft murmur at left of sternum that varies with inspiration
Failure of the central venous pressure (CVP) to rise more than 1 cm H2O with 30-second pressure on the liver (hepato-jugular reflux)
Surgery
Heart & Pericardium
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Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder is associated with-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Schistosomiasis; 'b' i.e., Naphthylamine & 'c' i.e., SmokingRisk factors for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder ?I. Smoking ---> Major etiological factor.Occupational exposure to chemicals Nephthylamine benzidine, aniline dyes, acrolein.Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharziasis) ---> It is a ris...
4
Schistosomiasis
Naphthylamine
Smoking
All
Pathology
null
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multi
Which of the following regulates lipolysis in adipocytes?
Ans. B. Activation of triglyceride lipase as a result of hormone-stimulated increases in cyclic AMP levelsa. Lipolysis is directly regulated by hormones in adipocytes. Epinephrine stimulates adenylate cyclase to produce cyclic AMP, which in turn stimulates a protein kinase.b. The kinase activates triglyceride lipase by...
2
Activation of fatty acid synthesis mediated by cyclic AMP
Activation of triglyceride lipase as a result of hormone-stimulated increases in cyclic AMP levels
Glycerol phosphorylation to prevent futile esterification of fatty acids
Activation of cyclic AMP production by insulin
Biochemistry
Endocrinology
d0d3e944-0e3f-44c1-bb82-39d4c75f93a7
single
What is the expected mixed venous oxygen tension, in mm Hg, in a normal adult after breathing 100% oxygen for 10 minutes?
Ans. (c) 45Ref: American Board of Anesthesiology American Society of Anesthesiologists, Book A 1996 q-67Breathing 100% oxygen will not change the oxygen saturation much. In arterial blood it is around 97% saturation which corresponds to a PO2 of 100 mm HgIn venous blood it is 75% saturation which corresponds to a mixed...
3
150
740
45
573
Physiology
Respiratory System
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single
Muscle attached to medial border of scapula is-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rhomboidus Major * Lateral border of scapula (posteriorly) : Origins of teres minor and teres major.* Medial border of scapula : (i) Anteriorly : Insertion of serratus anterior; (ii) Posteriorly : Insertions of levator scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor.
1
Rhomboidus Major
Teres Major
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Anatomy
Upper Extremity
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single
Seminal stain can be detected by
Test for seminal  stains Creatine phosphokinase test Acid phosphatase test Florence test (Choline iodide crystals) Barberio's test (Crystals of spesmin picrate).
3
Phenolphthalein test
Reine's test
Barberio's test
Paraffin test
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
Oligohydramnios is seen in:
Oligohydramnios can be caused by - Renal anomalies Uteroplacental insufficiency: IUGR ACE inhibitors Premature rupture of membranes Amniocentesis (leak) Pre-ecclampsia Amnion nodosum NSAIDs Post term pregnancy over estimated gestational age The sonographic diagnosis of oligohydramnios is usually based on an AFI < 5 cm ...
1
Renal agenesis
Cholangioma of placenta
Spina bifida
Esophageal atresia
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Amniotic Fluid Dynamics
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single
The normal P wave is inveed in lead :
Answer is D (aVR) The normal P wave is negative (inveed) in lead aVR. Characteristics of a Normal P Wave P wave results from spread of electrical activity through the atria (Atrial Depolarization) A normal p wave indicates that the electrical impulse responsible for the p wave originated in the sinus node and the norma...
4
LI
LII
aVF
aVR
Medicine
null
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single
Physiological uncoupler is
Uncouplers will allow oxidation to proceed, but the energy instead of being trapped by phosphorylation Fig. 19.18. Impoant mitochondrial membrane transpoers. 1 = PYT (pyruvate transpoer); 2 = TCT (tricarboxylate transpoer); 3 = ANT (adenine nucleotide transpoer) is dissipated as heat. This is achieved by removal of the...
4
Thyroxine
Free fatty acids
Thermogenin
All of the above
Biochemistry
Respiratory chain
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A 55 year old diabetic man is brought to the emergency room in an unresponsive state. The following laboratory values are obtained: PCO2 19 mm Hg, HCO3 11 mEq/L, and pH 6.9. The most appropriate immediate treatment of this patient is ?
This patient is in a diabetic ketoacidotic coma. The goals in treating such a patient are to increase the rate of glucose utilization by insulin-dependent tissues, to reverse ketonemia and acidosis, and to replenish fluid imbalances. Oral hypoglycemic agents are commonly prescribed for the maintenance of NIDDM patients...
3
Administration of an oral hypoglycemic agent
Administration of bicarbonate
Administration of insulin
Close observation only
Pharmacology
null
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single
Which of the following antibacterial drug is polar?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ampicillin Ampicillin: It is an ionized highly polar drug. In the duodenum it exes a zwitter ion effect and thus has a lower bioavailabilty. Though the oral absorption is incomplete it is adequate. It is an antibacterial drug acting both on gram positive and gram negative organisms. Main mode of excre...
1
Ampicillin
Penicillin G
Clavulanic acid
Cefepime
Pharmacology
null
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single
The main action of muscle "Gamellius" is?
Gemellus muscle laterally rotates the femur at the hip joint. Superior gemellus muscle: Attaches proximally at the ischial spine; distally, the muscle attaches on the greater trochanter of the femur. The nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles (L5, S1, S2) innervates this muscle.Inferior gemellus ...
2
Medial rotation of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius and minimus
Anatomy
null
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single
A patient with pheochromocytoma would secrete which of the following in a higher concentration?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Norepinephrine o Most pheochromocytomas contain and secrete both nor epinephrine and epinephrine and the percentage of norepine phrine is usually greater than in normal adrenal.Pheoch rornocvtom||AdrenalCan't suppress ACTHo Most of them secrete norepinephrineo Exclusively secrete nor epinephrine
1
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
VMA
Medicine
Adrenal
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The structural abnormality of chromosome in which one arm is lost and remaining arm is duplicated is called:
b. Isochromosome(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 590', Ghai 8/e p 637)Iso-chromosome results when 1 arm of a chromosome is lost and the remaining arm is duplicated or when the axis of division occurs perpendicular to the normal axis of division.
2
Ring chromosome
Isochromosome
Translocation
Mutation
Pediatrics
Genetics And Genetic Disorders
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multi
Columella effect is seen in
Columella effect is seen in type 3 tympanoplasty (myringostapediopexy) where single ossicle remains just like that of bird&;s ear. In Type III tympanoplasty Malleus and incus are absent. Graft is placed directly on the stapes head. It is also called myringostapediopexy or columella tympanoplasty. Re: Textbook of Ear, N...
1
Tympanoplasty
Septoplasty
Tracheostomy
None of the above
ENT
Diagnostic and operative ENT
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A Patient with increased BP and decreased hea rate is likely to have
Cushing's reflex , is a physiological nervous system response to increased intra cranial pressure.Results in cushings triad - increased BP, irregular breathing and bradycardia. Usually seen in terminal stages of head injury . It can also be seen after iv administration of epinephrine. In head injury- CPP=MAP-ICP. CPP- ...
1
Increased ICT
Deep sea diving
Brain tumor
Head tumor
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
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single
Chloroquine is given as 600 mg loading dose because:
Oral absorption of CQ is excellent. About 50% gets bound in the plasma. It has high affinity for melanin and nuclear chromatin: gets tightly bound to these tissue constituents and is concentrated in liver, spleen, kidney, lungs (several hundred-fold), skin, leucocytes and some other tissues. Its selective accumulation ...
3
It is rapidly absoed
It is rapidly metabolized
It has increased tissue binding
It is rapidly eliminated
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
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Treatment of acute lymphangitis requires:
Treatment of acute lymphangitis requires antibiotic and rest.
1
Antibiotic and rest
Immediate lymphangiography
Immediate multiple incisions
No special treatment
Surgery
Lymphatic System
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Donepezil is used in treatment of -
null
1
Alzheimer's dementia
Schizophrenia
Anxiety disorder
Depression
Psychiatry
null
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Which one of the following is a regulatory protein of the muscle?
null
1
Troponin
Myosin
Actin
Protein-C
Physiology
null
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Lisch nodules (Pigmented Iris hamartomas) are seen in
Ans. b (Neurofibromatosis) (Ref. Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th ed., Chapter 374; RRM 7th ed., p.316)# Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) and Optic gliomas = NF-1.# Glaucoma = Sturge Weber syndome.# Retinal angiomas = VHL# GlaucomaNEUROFIBROMATOSIS# Autosomal dominant inherited disorder- pure neurofibromas (= tumor of n...
2
Niemann Pick disease
Neurofibromatosis
Ochronosis
Glycogen storage disease
Pathology
Central Nervous System
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All of the features of Wilson's disease, EXCEPT:
Ans. is 'b' Testicular atrophy Basic defect in Wilson's disease is|Reduced biliary exception of copper*|Cu accumulates in hepatocytes resulting in liver damage (Manifest almost all types of hepatitis* including fulminant hepatitis)|Liver cells get saturated with Cu|Cu spilled in plasma|Gets deposited in following organ...
2
Haemolytic anaemia
Testicular atrophy
Chorea
Chronic active hepatitis
Medicine
Disorder of Metabolism & Connective Tissue
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Valley fever or dese rheumatism is caused by?
Coccidioidomycosis (also called dese rheumatism or San Joaquin Valley fever or California fever) - A systemic fungal disease caused by a dimorphic soil dwelling fungus - Coccidioides Sporotrichosis or Rose Gardner's disease is chronic subcutaneous pyogranulomatous disease caused by a thermally dimorphic fungus Sporothr...
2
Sporothrix
Coccidioides
Phialophora
Histoplasma
Microbiology
Mycology
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multi
Which one of the following is not an amide –
Esters (aminoesters) :- Procaine, chlorprocaine, tetracaine (amethocaine), Benzocaine, Cocaine. Amides (aminoamides) Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, Ropivacaine , Dibucaine.
2
Lignocaine
Procaine
Bupivacaine
Dibucaine
Anaesthesia
null
f09dc144-1aba-47bd-a9a6-20229683218e
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Complications of cataract surgery –a) Endophthalmitisb) Optic neuropathyc) Retinal detachmentd) Vitreous losse) Lagophthalmos
Important complications of cataract surgery After cataract (opacification of the capsule)        Vitreous prolapse & loss    Cystoid macular edema      Endophthalmitis Aphakic glaucoma Retinal detachment Fibrous & endothelial growth Neovascular glaucoma Iris prolapse Anterior uveitis (iridocyclitis) Strait keratopath...
4
abcd
bcde
abde
acd
Ophthalmology
null
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The most common cause of malignant adrenal mass is
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Metastasis from another solid tissue tumor The most common cause of adrenal tumors is metastasis from another solid tumor like breast cancer and lung cancer. Malignant Percentage Adrenocoical carcinoma 2-5% Malignant pheochromocytoma <I% Adrenal neuroblastoma <0- 1% Lymphomas (incl. primary adrena lym...
4
Adrenocoical carcinoma
Malignant phaeochromocytoma
Lymphoma
Metastasis from another solid tissue tumor
Medicine
null
36298097-ca97-41d9-8e31-d9cb86abe3cc
single
All are components of Sewer gas except -
When the sewage is highly concentrated and contains plenty of solids the anaerobic process is highly effective. The end products of decomposition are methane, ammonia, CO2, and H2S. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 794
3
H2S
CO2
SO2
Methane
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
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At CEJ Overlap joint is seen in:
null
4
30%
40%
50%
60%
Dental
null
03094306-9f55-4275-80ec-098933886400
single
Incomplete uterine rupture is defined as?
Ans. is'd' i.e., Disruption of scar with peritoneum intact Incomplete rupture :In an Incomplete uterine rupture, the mother's peritoneum remains intact.The peritoneum is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity to suppo abdominal organs.It also acts as a channel for blood vessels and nerves.An incomplete uterine ru...
4
Disruption ofpa ofscar
Disruption of entire length of scar
Disruption of scar including peritoneum
Disruption of scar with peritoneum intact
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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single
Insufflation pressure during laparoscopy is?
ANSWER: (B) 11-15 mm HgREF: Maingot's 10th ed p. 243The intrabdominal pressure during laparoscopy is monitored by insufflator and it is set between 12-15 mm Hg.
2
5-10 mm Hg
11-15 mm Hg
15-20 mm Hg
20-25 mm Hg
Surgery
Procedures - Cholecystectomy, Bile Duct Exploration, Store Extraction
a0d4ef6a-0025-497a-b0cd-0cf41a20895a
single
Transitional epithelium is present in -
null
1
Renal pelvis
Loop of Henle
Terminal part of urethra
PCT
Anatomy
null
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single
The teiary structure of protein is determined by
Three-Dimensional Structure is determined by X-ray Crystallography or by NMR SpectroscopyRef: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 5; Proteins: Higher Orders of Structure
1
X-ray Crystallography
Spectrophotometry
Electrophoresis
Chromatography
Biochemistry
Structure and function of protein
bf46baf4-f89c-46ff-ba3f-34ddf371f615
multi
Along with succinyl CoA which of the following amino acid serve as staing material in heme synthesis?
The two staing materials of heme synthesis pathway are succinyl CoA and glycine. Pyridoxal phosphate is needed to activate glycine. ALA synthase catalyzes the conversion of succinyl CoA and glycine to delta aminolevulinate. This is the rate limiting enzyme in porphyrin biosynthesis in the mammalian liver. Synthesis of ...
3
Lysine
Leucine
Glycine
Alanine
Biochemistry
null
a7378558-eaa2-45e1-986f-7b43b69d4373
single
Latanoprost (PGF0 alf
ANSWER: (D) GlaucomaREF: Goodman and Gillmans 11TH edition page 1103, http://en.udkipedia.org/wiki/Latanoprost "Latanoprost ophthalmic solution is a topical medication used for controlling the progression of glaucoma or ocular hypertension by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a prostaglandin analogue (more specifica...
4
Maintenance of ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary hypertension
Gastric mucosal protection
Glaucoma
Pharmacology
A.N.S.
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single
Renshaw cell inhibition is an example of:
Renshaw cells are inhibitory cells that transmit inhibitory signals to the surrounding motor neurons. This anterior motor neuron gets excitatory impulses from multiple sources, if all these excitatory inputs were sent to the muscles, muscle will fatigue early, so, there is some inherent check to reduce the excitability...
3
Postsynaptic inhibition
Feed forward inhibition
Recurrent inhibition
Collateral inhibition
Physiology
Introduction to Central Nervous System
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single
Blood culture is positive in which infection of Staphylococcus aureus is
Infections caused by methicillin-sensitive S aureus, high-magnitude bacteremia (defined as >4 positive blood cultures ), and endocarditis. The most impoant test is a blood culture used to identify bacteria in the bloodstream. REFERENCE: www.mayoclinic.org
3
TSS
SSSS
Infective endocarditis
Impetigo
Microbiology
Bacteriology
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single
Gonadotropin levels decline to prepubertal levels by age
Gonadotropin levels gradually decline to reach prepubertal levels by age 1 to 2 years.
2
6 month to 1 year of age
1 year to 2 years of age
2 years to 3 years of age
3 years to 4 years of age.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
ac3e3574-d48c-4618-be7c-75ce9a16454b
single
Which among the following surgery requires lithotomy position
Ans) a (Anal) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.orgThe lithotomy position refers to a common position for surgical procedures and medical examinations involving the pelvis and lower abdomen. References to the position have been found in some of the oldest known medical documents including versions of the Hippocratic oath. The p...
1
Anal
Cardiac
Abdominal
Limb
Surgery
Disorders of the Anal Canal
49b875c4-3a3d-453f-994d-5953f1c5e511
single
Stool investigation of a child who presented with anemia revealed worm infestation. Which of the following worm infestation is associated with iron deficiency anemia?
The common human hookworms are Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. The larger A duodenale is more pathogenic because it consumes more blood, up to 0.5 mL per worm per day. The adult worms attach with their mouthpas to the mucosa, from which they suck blood. Blood loss is the major sequel of infection which le...
2
Whipworm
Hookworm
Roundworm
Pinworm
Pediatrics
null
8c107f2a-2e75-4d13-be2d-f67f211c5f67
single
Homonymous hemianopsia is associated with lesion at
(C) Optic tract > It is difficult to localize a postchiasmal lesion accurately, because injury anywhere in the optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations, or visual cortex can produce a homonymous hemianopia, i.e., a temporal hemifield defect in the contralateral eye and a matching nasal hemifield defect in...
3
Visual cortex
Optic radiation
Optic tract
Optic chiasma
Ophthalmology
Miscellaneous
3952d1c4-e3b1-4ee6-a36d-4bcc93ffbce7
single
The most common radio-opaque mass at root apex of a vital tooth is due to:
null
3
Hypercementosis
Condensing osteitis
Periapical cemental dysplasia
True cementoma
Radiology
null
947759ea-eab1-49b2-a390-67d8da84ba62
multi
Tumor that follows rule of 10 is
Pheochromocytomas are neoplasms composed of chromaffin cells. They follow rule of 10: - 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra adrenal - 10% of sporadic adrenal pheochromocytomas are bilateral - 10% of adrenal pheochromocytomas are biologically malignant. -10% of adrenal pheochromocytomas are not associated with hypeension...
1
pheochromocytoma
Onocytoma
Lymphoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Pathology
Endocrinology
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single
Cystic hygroma may be associated with: March 2005
Ans. D: All of the above Karyotypic abnormalities are present in 25-70% of children with Cystic Hygroma. CH has been noted to be more common in persons with: Turner's syndrome Klinefelter's syndrome Down's syndrome In addition, several nonchromosomal disorders, including Noonan syndrome, Fryns syndrome, multiple pteryg...
4
Turner's syndrome
Klinefelter's syndrome
Down's syndrome
All of the above
Surgery
null
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multi
False regarding electron transport chain is:
(Refer: DM Vasudevan, Textbook of Biochemistry, 7th edition, pg no: 266) Inhibitors of electro transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation
2
Cyanide inhibits electron transport, but not ATP synthesis
Atractyloside inhibiting H+/ ADP synthesis
Oligomycin blocks H+ channel
High dose aspirin acts as uncoupler
Unknown
null
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multi
During laryngoscopy and intubation procedure, all of these are true, except:
Ans: D. After inseion of laryngoscope, it is levered on the upper incisor to pull up the tongue and visualize the vocal cords(Ref: Miller 81c, p I 666-7667. 71e p1587).The laryngoscope should never be hinged on the teeth to lift up the epiglottis.The patient is aligned in a "sniffing" position, i.e. neck (atlanto-axial...
4
A slight pressure may be applied at the cricoid cailage
The laryngoscope is held in the right hand introduced from the right side of the patient
The neck is flexed with extension at the atlanto!occipital joint
After inseion of laryngoscope, it is levered on the upper incisor to pull up the tongue and visualize the vocal cords
Anaesthesia
null
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multi
In Refeeding syndrome, all the given lab valves are monitored except
In Refeeding syndrome, hypocalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia occurs. Hence, they are monitored. Ammonia levels are not altered.
3
Calcium
Phosphate
Ammonia
Magnesium
Surgery
null
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multi
At how many weeks of gestation can Hegar's sign be elicited?
Hegar's sign refers to widening and softening of of the body or isthmus of the uterus. It usually occurs at 6-8 weeks of gestation. Softening and dilatation at the external os is caused by estrogen and progesterone. Chadwick's sign: It refers to bluish discoloration of cervix caused by congestion of pelvic vasculature....
1
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
15 weeks
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
306fa16c-7504-4ac0-bc11-675e49cf39bb
single
The major initiating response for peristalsis is
The major initiating response for peristalsis is local stretching of the gut. Peristalsis is a reflex that is initiated when the gut wall is stretched by the contents of the lumen. It occurs in all pas of the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the rectum. The stretch initiates a circular contraction behind th...
2
Hormonal
Local stretching of gut
Neural
Gastric acid
Physiology
G.I.T
d3a11700-d0e9-48d6-a258-85567b37f5fa
single
Semicircular canal perceives ___________
They respond to angular acceleration and deceleration. The three canals lie at right angles to each other but the one which lies at right angles to the axis of rotation is stimulated the most. Thus horizontal canal will respond maximum to rotation on the veical axis and so on. Due to this arrangement of the three canal...
2
Linear acceleration
Angular acceleration
Both
None
ENT
null
15e82f4f-8ebe-44b4-a2f6-e6afb4b270b3
multi
Fetal tachycardia is defined as heart rate more than___
Ans. B. 160. (Ref Williams obstetrics 20th/pg. 1428; Danforth9s obstetrics and gynecology - pg.157)Fetal bradycardia is defined as fetal heart rate <110 bpm; fetal tachycardia is defined as fetal heart rate >160 bpmThe normal FHR baseline ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute.Foetal tachycardia is defined as a baseli...
2
140
160
180
200
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Miscellaneous (Gynae)
6f0280d3-5e6b-45fc-a626-0a023679c6c6
single
Angina pectoris and syncope are most likely to be associated with
Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1530 patients with pure or predominant AS have gradually increas- ing obstruction over years but do not become symptomatic until the sixth to eighth decades. Adult patients with BAV disease, however, develop significant valve dysfunction and symptoms one to two decades sooner. Exeional dyspnea,...
2
Mitral stenosis
Aoic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Tricuspid stenosis
Anatomy
General anatomy
903c92db-39d9-4375-8d01-7706cc54186e
single
Organ of coi is situated in ?
Scala media (cochlear duct or membranous labyrinth) has 3 walls : -i) The basilar membrane, which suppos the organ of coi.ii) The Reissner's membrane which separates it from the scala vestibuli.iii) The stria vascularis which contains vascular epithelium and is concerned with secretion of endolymph.
1
Basilar membrane
Utricle
Saccule
None of the above
Anatomy
null
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multi
All of the following statements are true regarding warfarin toxicity except
Refer Harrison 18/e p433 Common sites of warfarin -induced skin necrosis are breasts, thighs and buttocks
2
Skin necrosis occurs during initiation of therapy
Most common sites are toes and tips of fingers
Decreased quantity of protein C
Decreased incidence of adverse effects if therapy with LMWH is staed
Anatomy
General anatomy
b383db5e-00fa-4388-be58-28731358e146
multi
Frequent blushing ("erethism") is associated with poisoning of
Mechanism of toxicity:Mercury reacts with sulfhydryl (SH) groups, resulting in enzyme inhibition and pathologic alteration of cellular membranes.Clinical presentation:Severe chemical pneumonitis and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.Acute gingivostomatitis may also occur.Chronic intoxication:Classic triad Tremor Gingivost...
1
Mercury
Lead
Phenolic acid
Carbolic acid
Microbiology
All India exam
0127d2ac-5b69-4e94-9e3e-b7b389c0122e
single
Excretory poion of kidney is formed by?
DERIVATIVES OF MESONEPHRIC DUCT Both in Males and a Females Collecting tubules Minor and major calyces Pelvis Ureter Trigone of bladder In Males Epidydymis Vas derferens Seminal vesicles Mesoderm of prostate Ejaculatory duct In Females Ganers duct
3
Urogenital sinus
Mullerian duct
Mesonephric duct
Genital tubercle
Anatomy
General anatomy
5a29154d-e5fe-4d90-a2d6-327008e4a469
single
Fear of open spaces is: NIMHANS 07; Kerala 11
Ans. Agoraphobia
1
Agoraphobia
Acrophobia
Claustrophobia
Algophobia
Psychiatry
null
bc4ffadb-6752-40dd-a72c-c4e0cdb5f11d
single
Treatment of systemic or disseminated variant of sporotrichosis is
Sporotrichosis:- Treatment:- : * Lymphocutaneous disease:- itraconazole, terbinafine, saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) * Disseminated infection:- Amphotericin B (AMB). Ref:- Dermatology review by Asra Ali; pg num:-364
2
Itraconazole
Amphotericin-B
Griesofulvin
saturated solution of pottasium iodide
Dental
Fungal infections, Scabies, Pediculosis
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single
Which is not a finding in viral encephalitis?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Astroglial proliferation The pathologic Changes in viral encephalitis are : Parenchymal infiltrate chiefly in perivascular location, of mononuclear cells consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages. o Microscopic clusters of MICROGLIAL cells and presence of Neuronophagia. o Viral infection ca...
1
A strogl i a I proliferation
Perivascular mononuclear infiltrate
Inclusion bodies intranuclear and intracytoplasmic
None of the above
Pathology
null
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multi
Oblique view in XRAY of hand is required for diagnosis of
Oblique view of the wrist is required for scaphoid fracture * Most common fractured bone in the wrist * Peanut shaped bone that spans both row of carpal bones * Does not require excessive force and often not extremely painful so can be delayed presentation * Pain over the anatomic snuff box * Pain is not usually severe...
2
Capitate
Scaphoid
Navicular
Hamate
Orthopaedics
Forearm wrist and hand injuries
ebdb2fa1-1d1c-4566-af3c-7fdce0bb4390
single
The pa of the broad ligament giving attachment and suppo to the uterine tube is the:
The mesosalpinx is the pa of broad ligament that suppos the uterine tube. The mesosalpinx extends inferiorly to meet the root of the mesovarium; it attaches the uterine tube to the mesometrium. The mesometrium is the pa of the broad ligament below the junction of the mesosalpinx and the mesovarium; it attaches the body...
3
Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Round ligament
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
79c397b2-c837-4758-92fc-cd7a388100b0
single
Koplik spot is pathognomic of which infection ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Measles
4
Rubella
Influenza
Mumps
Measles
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
9c99476f-499b-4ab1-97e7-ec1b105f7c52
single
All the following are features of Anorexia Nervosa except :
Ans.is C (Amenorrhea is rare):Anorexia nervosa often referred to simply as anorexia, is an eating disorder, characterized by low weight, food restriction, fear of gaining weight, and a strong desire to be thin.Complications may include osteoporosis, infeility, and hea damage, among others. Women will often stop having ...
3
Predominantly seen in females
BMI index is higher than normal Population
Amenorrhea is rare
Malabsorption Syndrome is most common cause
Psychiatry
null
9f48a62e-0352-4d83-9aeb-6419400a1627
multi
Most likely diagnosis ?
CT scan of chest showing enlarged pulmonary aeries In interstitial lung diseases HRCT shows bilateral subpleural reticular changes,with traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis).and varies according to cause of ILD. In bronchiectasis CT shows: tram tracts and signet ring sign.
2
Interstitial lung disease
Pulmonary aery hypeension
Congestive hea failure
Bronchiectasis
Medicine
Respiratory system
ad48794d-4eb0-4c23-8048-bf30bd9fe74f
single
Most accepted theory for conduction of pain is
null
1
Gate control theory
Specifity theory
Membrane stabilization theory
None of the above
Surgery
null
1351b74a-6d64-4355-b4a8-f9d01ab3407c
multi
Type II respiratory failure best relates to which of the following?
TYPE II RESPIRATORY FAILUREThis type of respiratory failure is a consequence of alveolar hypoventilation and results from the inability to eliminate carbon dioxide effectively. Mechanisms are categorized by Impaired central nervous system (CNS) drive to breathe (drug overdose, brainstem injury, sleep-disordered breathi...
1
Alveolar hypoventilation
Alveolar flooding
Hypoperfusion of respiratory muscles
Lung atelectasis
Medicine
Respiratory system
4cbf55a4-e677-4419-adf8-2068b2cd2a5f
single
Muscle that does not arises from the common tendinous ring at the apex of orbit is?
The four recti arise from a common annular tendon or tendinous ring of zinn. This ring is attached to the orbital surface of the apex of the orbit. It encloses the optic canal and the middle pa of the superior orbital fissure.The lateral rectus has an additional small tendinous head which arises from the orbital surfac...
2
Superior Oblique
Inferior oblique
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Anatomy
Head and neck
a2a24a39-2295-4acc-846b-33d50aada3a1
single
Which of glial cell is mesodermal in origin -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Microglial cellso Microglial cells are derived from mesenchymal (mesodermal) cells.Development of cells in CNSCells of originDeveloped mature cellsNeuroepithelial cellso Neuronso Glial cells (Macroglial cells)# Oligodendrocytes# Astrocytes# Ependymal cellsMesenchymal (mesodermal) cellso Microglial cel...
2
Macroglial cells
Microglial cells
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Anatomy
Nervous System
167baac1-6fe1-4f57-a035-0bc05a3d6509
single
Which muscle is most resistant to neuromuscular blockage?
ANSWER: (A) DiaphragmREF: Lee synopsis of anesthesia 13th e p. 182, Morgan 4th e p. 206-15Diaphragm is the most resistant muscle to muscle relaxants.
1
Diaphragm
Ocular
Adductor pollicis
Intercostal muscles
Anaesthesia
Neuromuscular Junction
d52ed8a8-4cfb-4798-8fb5-0a8bfa4b7e42
single
Fibroid with a typical "Lantern on top of St Paul's cathedral" appearance is
Cervical Fibroid is compared to "Lantern on dome of st Paul's catherdral".
3
Submucosal fibroid
subserosal fibroid
Cervical fibroid
Interstitial fibroid
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
b594271d-ac4b-4ae7-afbc-96fee364ae28
single
'Inveed fir tree' appearance is characteristic of?
B anthracis has a tendency to form very long chains of rods and in culture it is nonmotile and nonhemolytic. Colonies are characterized by a rough, uneven surface with multiple curled extensions at the edge resembling a "Medusa head." B anthracis has a D-glutamic acid polypeptide capsule of a single antigenic type that...
1
Bacillus anthracis
Haemophilus influenza
Yersinia pestis
Brucella
Microbiology
null
f820788b-4593-4383-806a-6008c7b07446
single
Ranula is a: March 2013 (a, d, e)
Ans. A i.e. Retention cystBailey & Love (Surgery) states that ranula is an extravasation cyst, but CSDT (Surgey), Dhingra (ENT) & even internet references describe it as retention cyst.
1
Retention cyst
Extravasation cyst
Edema of uvula
Edema of floor of mouth
Surgery
null
0198412e-cd8b-4b6d-a6a6-a7ae0e490bfb
single
Which cerebral layer is referred as "Internal granule cell layer"?
Layer/Lamina IV of cerebral coex. Layer/Lamina IV - "Internal granule cell layer" Contains predominately granule cells & nerve fibers. Specific sensory input through thalamocoical fibers terminate primarily in coical layer IV on stellate (granule cells). Diffuse non-specific sensory afferents are distributed through la...
1
Layer/Lamina IV
Layer/Lamina V
Layer/Lamina VI
Layer/Lamina VII
Physiology
null
f2e06a80-f118-4bcd-9592-8097538ae461
single
Periodic acid schiff stain shows Block positivity
Lymphoblast contain cytoplasmic aggregates of periodic acid-schiff (PAS)-positive material.
2
Myeloblasts
Lymphoblasts
Monoblasts
Megakaryoblasts
Pathology
null
918551e0-5546-40de-a5dd-5bc2f7ad7781
single
Pataus syndrome due to ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Trisomy 13
4
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 18
18 P
Trisomy 13
Pathology
null
0a58d58d-dc46-4cc2-90de-1d7826179deb
single
Which of the following inherited neutropenias show a self limited course?
Answer- D. Autoimmune neutropenia of infancyIt is recognized as a fairly specific syndrome of early childhood.Low neutrophil numbers are often discovered during the course ofroutine investigation for benign febrile illness.The illness abates but the neutropenia persists, sometimes for months and occasionally for years....
4
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Dyskeratosis congenita
Chiediak higashi syndrome
Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy
Medicine
null
00762651-bc8c-4f75-89fa-81e53f3b9448
single
What is true about Salter-Harris type IV epiphyseal injury:
Ans: C (Fracture occur through growth plate, metaphysic & epiphysis) SALTER~HARRIS FRACTURES http://wwwlbpt.bridgeport.edu/-gwl/salter-barrisdassification.htmThere are nine types of Salter-Harris fractures; types 1 to V as described by Robert B Salter and W Robert Harris in 1963, and the rarer types V! to IX which have...
3
Fracture occur through growth plate only
Fracture occur through growth plate & metaphy- sis only
Fracture occur through growth plate, metaphysic & epiphysis
Fracture occur through epiphysis only
Orthopaedics
Injuries Around Arm & Elbow
291e600b-70e2-45ad-b33f-93f9799a7486
multi