text stringlengths 12 14.7k |
|---|
Intercensal estimate : Intercensal estimates are one of the two types of population estimates, the other being postcensal estimates. Intercensal estimates are considered to be more accurate than postcensal estimates, because they approximated between two dates with the exact figure (accounting for errors) being known a... |
Intercensal estimate : All counts are estimates, including censuses (in reality every survey has a margin of error, even most census counts are corrected for data omission, duplication, cheating, miscounts) but some counts include random sampling (door to door and/or by calling |
Intercensal estimate : Statistics Indonesia (BPS) releases province by province annual estimates for all provinces, regencies, and kota in Indonesia, with some provinces more up to date than others. A survey in conducted every 10 years, 5 years post census. China 1% Survey (全国1％人口抽样调查) 5 years after each census samples... |
Interrupted time series : Interrupted time series analysis (ITS), sometimes known as quasi-experimental time series analysis, is a method of statistical analysis involving tracking a long-term period before and after a point of intervention to assess the intervention's effects. The time series refers to the data over t... |
Interrupted time series : Quasi-experimental design == References == |
Intra-rater reliability : In statistics, intra-rater reliability is the degree of agreement among repeated administrations of a diagnostic test performed by a single rater. Intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability are aspects of test validity. |
Intra-rater reliability : Inter-rater reliability Rating (pharmaceutical industry) Reliability (statistics) Repeatability Test-retest reliability == References == |
Inverse Dirichlet distribution : In statistics, the inverse Dirichlet distribution is a derivation of the matrix variate Dirichlet distribution. It is related to the inverse Wishart distribution. Suppose U 1 , … , U r ,\ldots ,U_ are p × p positive definite matrices with a matrix variate Dirichlet distribution, ( U 1 ... |
Inverse Dirichlet distribution : A. K. Gupta and D. K. Nagar 1999. "Matrix variate distributions". Chapman and Hall. |
Inverted bell curve : In statistics, an inverted bell curve is a term used loosely or metaphorically to refer to a bimodal distribution that falls to a trough between two peaks, rather than (as in a standard bell curve) rising to a single peak and then falling off on both sides. == References == |
Inverted Dirichlet distribution : In statistics, the inverted Dirichlet distribution is a multivariate generalization of the beta prime distribution, and is related to the Dirichlet distribution. It was first described by Tiao and Cuttman in 1965. The distribution has a density function given by p ( x 1 , … , x k ) = Γ... |
Item-total correlation : The item–total correlation is the correlation between a scored item and the total test score. It is an item statistic used in psychometric analysis to diagnose assessment items that fail to indicate the underlying psychological trait so that they can be removed or revised. |
Item-total correlation : In item analysis, an item–total correlation is usually calculated for each item of a scale or test to diagnose the degree to which assessment items indicate the underlying trait. Assuming that most of the items of an assessment do indicate the underlying trait, each item should have a reasonabl... |
Item-total correlation : Scale analysis Item analysis Classical test theory Likert scaling == References == |
Iterated conditional modes : In statistics, iterated conditional modes is a deterministic algorithm for obtaining a configuration of a local maximum of the joint probability of a Markov random field. It does this by iteratively maximizing the probability of each variable conditioned on the rest. |
Iterated conditional modes : Belief propagation Graph cuts in computer vision Optimization problem |
Iterated conditional modes : Besag, J. E. (1986), "On the Statistical Analysis of Dirty Pictures", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 48 (3): 259–302, doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1986.tb01412.x, JSTOR 2345426 |
Jeans's theorem : In astrophysics and statistical mechanics, Jeans's theorem, named after James Jeans, states that any steady-state solution of the collisionless Boltzmann equation depends on the phase space coordinates only through integrals of motion in the given potential, and conversely any function of the integral... |
Jeans's theorem : Consider the collisionless Boltzmann equation for the distribution function f ( x , v , t ) ,\mathbf ,t) ∂ f ∂ t + v ⋅ ∇ f + 1 m F ⋅ ∇ v f = 0. +\mathbf \cdot \nabla f+\mathbf \cdot \nabla _f=0. Consider the Lagrangian approach to the particle's motion in which case, the required equations are d x... |
Jeans's theorem : Jeans equations == References == |
Joint Approximation Diagonalization of Eigen-matrices : Joint Approximation Diagonalization of Eigen-matrices (JADE) is an algorithm for independent component analysis that separates observed mixed signals into latent source signals by exploiting fourth order moments. The fourth order moments are a measure of non-Gauss... |
Joint Approximation Diagonalization of Eigen-matrices : Let X = ( x i j ) ∈ R m × n =(x_)\in \mathbb ^ denote an observed data matrix whose n columns correspond to observations of m -variate mixed vectors. It is assumed that X is prewhitened, that is, its rows have a sample mean equaling zero and a sample covaria... |
Judgment sample : A judgment sample, or expert sample, is a type of non-random sample that is selected based on the opinion of an expert. Results obtained from a judgment sample are subject to some degree of bias, due to the sample's frame (i.e. the variables that define a population to be studied) and population not b... |
Judgment sample : Deming, W. Edwards (1990). Sample Design in business research. John Wiley and Sons. p. 31. ISBN 0-471-52370-4. |
K-statistic : In statistics, a k-statistic is a minimum-variance unbiased estimator of a cumulant. |
K-statistic : k-Statistic on Wolfram MathWorld kStatistics, an R package for calculating k-statistics |
Kelly network : In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a Kelly network is a general multiclass queueing network. In the network each node is quasireversible and the network has a product-form stationary distribution, much like the single-class Jackson network. The model is named... |
Kelly's ZnS : Kelly's Z n S is a test statistic that can be used to test a genetic region for deviations from the neutral model, based on the squared correlation of allelic identity between loci. |
Kelly's ZnS : Given loci i and j , D i j the Linkage Disequilibrium between these loci, is denoted as D i j = p i j − p i p j =p_-p_p_ where p i j is the frequency of the alternative allele at i and j co-occurring and p i and p j the frequency of the alternative allele at i and j respectively. a standardised me... |
Kelly's ZnS : Inflated Z n S scores indicate a deviation from the neutral model and can be used as a potential signature of previous selection == References == |
Kernel-independent component analysis : In statistics, kernel-independent component analysis (kernel ICA) is an efficient algorithm for independent component analysis which estimates source components by optimizing a generalized variance contrast function, which is based on representations in a reproducing kernel Hilbe... |
Kernel-independent component analysis : Kernel ICA is based on the idea that correlations between two random variables can be represented in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), denoted by F , associated with a feature map L x : F ↦ R :\mapsto \mathbb defined for a fixed x ∈ R . The F -correlation between t... |
Kish grid : The Kish grid or Kish selection grid is a method for selecting members within a household to be interviewed. It uses a pre-assigned table of random numbers to find the person to be interviewed. It was developed by statistician Leslie Kish in 1949. It is a technique widely used in survey research. |
Kling–Gupta efficiency : The Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) is a goodness-of-fit indicator widely used in the hydrologic sciences for comparing simulations to observations. It was created by hydrologic scientists Harald Kling and Hoshin Vijai Gupta. Its creators intended for it to improve upon widely used metrics such as... |
L-statistic : In statistics, an L-statistic is a statistic (function of a data set) that is a linear combination of order statistics; the "L" is for "linear". These are more often referred to by narrower terms according to use, namely: L-estimator, using L-statistics as estimators for parameters L-moment, L-statistic a... |
Lander–Green algorithm : The Lander–Green algorithm is an algorithm, due to Eric Lander and Philip Green for computing the likelihood of observed genotype data given a pedigree. It is appropriate for relatively small pedigrees and a large number of markers. It is used in the analysis of genetic linkage. == References =... |
Large number of rare events : In statistics, large number of rare events (LNRE) modeling summarizes methods that allow improvements in frequency distribution estimation over the maximum likelihood estimation when "rare events are common". It can be applied to problems in linguistics (see Zipf distribution), in various ... |
Lexis diagram : In demography, a Lexis diagram (named after economist and social scientist Wilhelm Lexis) is a two-dimensional diagram used to represent events (such as births or deaths) that occur to individuals belonging to different cohorts. Calendar time is usually represented on the horizontal axis, while age is r... |
Lexis diagram : Feeney, Griffith. Lexis Diagram. In: Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll (eds.) Encyclopedia of Population, Volume 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2003, 586-588. N. Keyfitz: Introduction to the mathematics of population, Addison-Wesley, 1968, page 10 United Nations Statistics Division 2004 Lexis Diagrams. Ann... |
Lexis diagram : Démographie sur le web (ed.). "Introduction to Lexis diagram (in French)". Archived from the original on 2013-01-15. Vandeschrick, Christophe (2001). "The Lexis diagram, a misnomer" (PDF). Demographic Research. 4: 97–124. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2001.4.3. |
Line-intercept sampling : In statistics, more specifically in biostatistics, line-intercept sampling (LIS) is a method of sampling elements in a region whereby an element is sampled if a chosen line segment, called a “transect”, intersects the element. Line intercept sampling has proven to be a reliable, versatile, and... |
Linked network : Linked network in statistics is a network, which is composed of one-node networks, where the nodes from different one-node networks are connected through two-node networks. This means, that "linked networks are collections of networks defined on different sets of nodes", where all sets of nodes must be... |
Linked network : mathematical sociology |
Local tangent space alignment : Local tangent space alignment (LTSA) is a method for manifold learning, which can efficiently learn a nonlinear embedding into low-dimensional coordinates from high-dimensional data, and can also reconstruct high-dimensional coordinates from embedding coordinates. It is based on the intu... |
Local tangent space alignment : Ma, L.; Crawford, M. M.; Tian, J. W. (2010). "Generalised supervised local tangent space alignment for hyperspectral image classification". Electronics Letters. 46 (7): 497. doi:10.1049/el.2010.2613. |
Lorenz asymmetry coefficient : The Lorenz asymmetry coefficient (LAC) is a summary statistic of the Lorenz curve that measures the degree of asymmetry of the curve. The Lorenz curve is used to describe the inequality in the distribution of a quantity (usually income or wealth in economics, or size or reproductive outpu... |
Lorenz asymmetry coefficient : The above formulas assume that none of the data values are equal to μ; strictly speaking we assume that data sizes are continuously distributed, so that P ( x i = μ ) ≈ 0 =\mu )\approx 0 . Otherwise, if one or more of x i = μ =\mu , then a section of the Lorenz curve is parallel to the d... |
Lorenz asymmetry coefficient : Damgaard, Christian; Weiner, Jacob (2000). "Describing inequality in plant size or fecundity". Ecology. 81 (4): 1139–1142. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1139:DIIPSO]2.0.CO;2. |
Lorenz asymmetry coefficient : LORENZ 3.0 is a Mathematica notebook which draw sample Lorenz curves and calculates Gini coefficients and Lorenz asymmetry coefficients from data in an Excel sheet. |
Lot quality assurance sampling : Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) is a random sampling methodology, originally developed in the 1920s as a method of quality control in industrial production. Compared to similar sampling techniques like stratified and cluster sampling, LQAS provides less information but often requi... |
Lot quality assurance sampling : LQAS, sometimes called "acceptance sampling", involves taking a small random sample from each set of items in the population, and testing each sampled item to determine whether it meets a predetermined standard of quality. LQAS is functionally identical to stratified sampling (where eac... |
Lot quality assurance sampling : LQAS was originally designed for use in manufacturing, where it provided a way to perform statistically valid quality-assurance testing at minimum cost. In the context of modern research, LQAS has become an accepted sampling method in the fields of public health and international develo... |
Lot quality assurance sampling : Alberti, K.P.; Guthmann, J.P.; Fermon, F.; Nargaye, K.D.; Grais, R.F. (2008). "Use of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) to estimate vaccination coverage helps guide future vaccination efforts". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 102 (3): 251–4. doi:1... |
Manhattan plot : A Manhattan plot is a type of plot, usually used to display data with a large number of data-points, many of non-zero amplitude, and with a distribution of higher-magnitude values. The plot is commonly used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to display significant SNPs. It gains its name from th... |
Manhattan plot : In GWAS Manhattan plots, genomic coordinates are displayed along the x-axis, with the negative logarithm of the association p-value for each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) displayed on the y-axis, meaning that each dot on the Manhattan plot signifies an SNP. Because the strongest associations hav... |
Manipulation check : Manipulation check is a term in experimental research in the social sciences which refers to certain kinds of secondary evaluations of an experiment. |
Manipulation check : Manipulation checks are measured variables that show what the manipulated variables concurrently affect besides the dependent variable of interest. In experiments, an experimenter manipulates some aspect of a process or task and randomly assigns subjects to different levels of the manipulation ("ex... |
Manipulation check : Design of experiments Instructional manipulation check == References == |
Marginal model : In statistics, marginal models (Heagerty & Zeger, 2000) are a technique for obtaining regression estimates in multilevel modeling, also called hierarchical linear models. People often want to know the effect of a predictor/explanatory variable X, on a response variable Y. One way to get an estimate for... |
Marginal model : In a typical multilevel model, there are level 1 & 2 residuals (R and U variables). The two variables form a joint distribution for the response variable ( Y i j ). In a marginal model, we collapse over the level 1 & 2 residuals and thus marginalize (see also conditional probability) the joint distrib... |
Marginal model : Heagerty, P. J., & Zeger, S. L. (2000). Marginalized multilevel models and likelihood inference. Statistical Science, 15(1), 1-26. |
Mathematical elimination : In statistics, the terms "mathematical elimination" and "mathematically eliminated" mean to be excluded in a decision, based on numerical counts, due to insufficient total numbers, even if all remaining events were 100% in favor. The excluded outcome is considered to be eliminated due to the ... |
Mathematical elimination : The term "mathematically eliminated" has been in use for more than 100 years, although the meaning has varied. In a 1904 article, in the American Journal of Psychology, Volume XV, errors of measurement were described as quantifiable to be "mathematically eliminated" from the analysis of the r... |
Matrix variate Dirichlet distribution : In statistics, the matrix variate Dirichlet distribution is a generalization of the matrix variate beta distribution and of the Dirichlet distribution. Suppose U 1 , … , U r ,\ldots ,U_ are p × p positive definite matrices with I p − ∑ i = 1 r U i -\sum _^U_ also positive-defini... |
Matrix variate Dirichlet distribution : A. K. Gupta and D. K. Nagar 1999. "Matrix variate distributions". Chapman and Hall. |
Mean signed deviation : In statistics, the mean signed difference (MSD), also known as mean signed deviation, mean signed error, or mean bias error is a sample statistic that summarizes how well a set of estimates θ ^ i _ match the quantities θ i that they are supposed to estimate. It is one of a number of statistics ... |
Mean signed deviation : The mean signed difference is derived from a set of n pairs, ( θ ^ i , θ i ) _,\theta _) , where θ ^ i _ is an estimate of the parameter θ in a case where it is known that θ = θ i . In many applications, all the quantities θ i will share a common value. When applied to forecasting in a time s... |
Mean signed deviation : The mean signed difference is often useful when the estimations θ i ^ are biased from the true values θ i in a certain direction. If the estimator that produces the θ i ^ values is unbiased, then MSD ( θ i ^ ) = 0 ()=0 . However, if the estimations θ i ^ are produced by a biased estimator... |
Mean signed deviation : Bias of an estimator Deviation (statistics) Mean absolute difference Mean absolute error == References == |
Median follow-up : In statistics, median follow-up is the median time between a specified event and the time when data on outcomes are gathered. The concept is used in cancer survival analyses. Many cancer studies aim to assess the time between two events of interest, such as from treatment to remission, treatment to r... |
Method of support : In statistics, the method of support is a technique that is used to make inferences from datasets. According to A. W. F. Edwards, the method of support aims to make inferences about unknown parameters in terms of the relative support, or log likelihood, induced by a set of data for a particular para... |
Method of support : Edwards, A.W.F. 1972. Likelihood. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (expanded edition, 1992, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore). ISBN 0-8018-4443-6 |
MINQUE : In statistics, the theory of minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) was developed by C. R. Rao. MINQUE is a theory alongside other estimation methods in estimation theory, such as the method of moments or maximum likelihood estimation. Similar to the theory of best linear unbiased estimation, MINQ... |
MINQUE : We are concerned with a mixed effects model for the random vector Y ∈ R n \in \mathbb ^ with the following linear structure. Y = X β + U 1 ξ 1 + ⋯ + U k ξ k =\mathbf +\mathbf __+\cdots +\mathbf __ Here, X ∈ R n × m \in \mathbb ^ is a design matrix for the fixed effects, β ∈ R m \in \mathbb ^ represent... |
MINQUE : MINQUE estimators can be obtained without the invariance criteria, in which case the estimator is only unbiased and minimizes the norm. Such estimators have slightly different constraints on the minimization problem. The model can be extended to estimate covariance components. In such a model, the random effec... |
Morisita's overlap index : Morisita's overlap index, named after Masaaki Morisita, is a statistical measure of dispersion of individuals in a population. It is used to compare overlap among samples (Morisita 1959). This formula is based on the assumption that increasing the size of the samples will increase the diversi... |
Morisita's overlap index : Morisita, M. (1959). "Measuring of the dispersion and analysis of distribution patterns". Memoires of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series E. Biology. 2: 215–235. Morisita, M. (1962). "Iδ-Index, A Measure of Dispersion of Individuals". Researches on Population Ecology, 4 (1), 1–7... |
Morisita's overlap index : Community Metrics Masaaki MORISITA |
Multidimensional analysis : In statistics, econometrics and related fields, multidimensional analysis (MDA) is a data analysis process that groups data into two categories: data dimensions and measurements. For example, a data set consisting of the number of wins for a single football team at each of several years is a... |
Multidimensional analysis : In many disciplines, two-dimensional data sets are also called panel data. While, strictly speaking, two- and higher-dimensional data sets are "multi-dimensional", the term "multidimensional" tends to be applied only to data sets with three or more dimensions. For example, some forecast data... |
Multidimensional analysis : Computer software for MDA include Online analytical processing (OLAP) for data in relational databases, pivot tables for data in spreadsheets, and Array DBMSs for general multi-dimensional data (such as raster data) in science, engineering, and business. |
Multidimensional analysis : MultiDimensional eXpressions (MDX) Multidimensional panel data Multivariate statistics Dimension (data warehouse) Dimension tables Data cube == References == |
Multiple discriminant analysis : Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) is a multivariate dimensionality reduction technique. It has been used to predict signals as diverse as neural memory traces and corporate failure. MDA is not directly used to perform classification. It merely supports classification by yielding a co... |
National Office of Statistics : The National Office of Statistics (NOS, French: Office National des Statistiques, ONS, Arabic: الديوان الوطني للإحصائيات) is the Algerian ministry charged with the collection and publication of statistics related to the economy, population, and society of Algeria at national and local le... |
National Office of Statistics : It was established after the independence of Algeria in 1964, and originally named National Commission for the Census of the Population (CNRP, French: Commissariat national pour le recensement de la population). In 1966, the office carried out the first census of the Algerian population ... |
National Office of Statistics : Official website National Office of Statistics (ons.dz/English/indexag.htm) at the Wayback Machine (archive index) Publications in English National Office of Statistics (in French and Arabic) |
Nemenyi test : In statistics, the Nemenyi test is a post-hoc test intended to find the groups of data that differ after a global statistical test (such as the Friedman test) has rejected the null hypothesis that the performance of the comparisons on the groups of data is similar. The test makes pair-wise tests of perfo... |
Nemenyi test : Tukey's range test == References == |
Net reproduction rate : In population ecology and demography, the net reproduction rate, R0, is the average number of offspring (often specifically daughters) that would be born to a female if she passed through her lifetime conforming to the age-specific fertility and mortality rates of a given year. This rate is simi... |
Net reproduction rate : List of countries by net reproduction rate Sub-replacement fertility Total fertility rate |
Net reproduction rate : Net reproduction rate (daughters per woman), UNdata. |
Network probability matrix : The network probability matrix describes the probability structure of a network based on the historical presence or absence of edges in a network. For example, individuals in a social network are not connected to other individuals with uniform random probability. The probability structure i... |
Network probability matrix : McCulloh, I., Lospinoso, J. & Carley, K.M. (2007). Probability Mechanics in Communications Networks. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Applied Mathematics of the World Science Engineering Academy and Society, Cairo, Egypt. 30–31 December 2007. "Understanding Network Sci... |
Network probability matrix : Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS) at Carnegie Mellon University U.S. Military Academy Network Science Center The Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems at Northeastern University |
Newcastle–Ottawa scale : In statistics, the Newcastle–Ottawa scale is a tool used for assessing the quality of non-randomized studies included in a systematic review and/or meta-analyses. Using the tool, each study is judged on eight items, categorized into three groups: the selection of the study groups; the comparabi... |
Newcastle–Ottawa scale : http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.htm |
Neyman–Scott process : The Neyman-Scott process is a stochastic model used to describe the formation of clustered point patterns. Originally developed for modeling galaxy distributions by J. Neyman and Elizabeth L. Scott in 1952, it provides a framework for understanding phenomena characterized by clustering. It is app... |
Non-sampling error : In statistics, non-sampling error is a catch-all term for the deviations of estimates from their true values that are not a function of the sample chosen, including various systematic errors and random errors that are not due to sampling. Non-sampling errors are much harder to quantify than samplin... |
Non-sampling error : Errors and residuals in statistics Sampling error == References == |
Nonlinear modelling : In mathematics, nonlinear modelling is empirical or semi-empirical modelling which takes at least some nonlinearities into account. Nonlinear modelling in practice therefore means modelling of phenomena in which independent variables affecting the system can show complex and synergetic nonlinear e... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.