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a0e48c5485c2513a826a9f61d5f1430d15e74a6c
subsection
47
110
Linear sets and functions
(x\in U).Remark As another concrete advantage of an involutive negation, recall that classically we can express “there is at most one x with P(x)” either as “for all x,y, if P(x) and P(y), then x=y” or “there do not exist x,y with x\ne y such that P(x) and P(y)”. Intuitionistically these are no longer equivalent (unle...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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f717294db729ea9d16a7e9b9a8d09f1560d48efb
subsection
48
110
Linear sets and functions
((x\circeq y) \boxtimes (y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U))}\:\right.\\ \check{}\hspace{0.5pt}U &\mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}\protect \left.\:{x:A {\textstyle \sqcap }y^A. ((x\circeq y) \multimap (y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U))}\:\right..The poset of subsets of A th...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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3efadf1330f469a6ed4f1f96f1ba6ca9a43c93db
subsection
49
110
Linear sets and functions
But if A has affirmative equality, does preserve subsets, hence =\hat{}\hspace{0.5pt}:(x\circeq y) \boxtimes (x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U) \;\equiv \; (x\circeq y) \boxtimes (x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U) \;\equiv \; ((x\circeq y) \boxtimes (x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U)) \;\vdash \; (...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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229fd077eb5aefb4aeaabb3b412ef887aca85b59
subsection
50
110
Linear sets and functions
This gives a semicartesian monoidal structure; the nontrivial part is associativity:\sharp (A \boxtimes \sharp (B\boxtimes C)) = \sharp (\sharp A \boxtimes \sharp (B\boxtimes C)) = \sharp (A\boxtimes (B\boxtimes C)) = \cdotsClosure under duality implies \ast -autonomy, with cotensor A \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotate...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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8576383ce1a98bcca3ccb029823b1f75c736695f
subsection
51
110
Linear sets and functions
((x\circeq y) \multimap ((y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U) \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}(y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}V)))}\:\right.\\ \hat{}\hspace{0.5pt}U &\mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}\protect \left.\:{x:A {\textstyle \bigsqc...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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f7065228503c2a1ba7d5cd36b5b7e9f3dc9b9b56
subsection
52
110
Linear sets and functions
(x=y \wedge y\in U) \equiv (x\in U).And since {((y\in U))}^- \equiv \lnot (y\in U), the definition of \boxtimes gives us(x\in {\hat{}\hspace{0.5pt}U})\equiv \forall y. (((y\in U) \rightarrow (x\ne y)) \wedge ((x=y) \rightarrow \lnot (y\in U))),in which the second conjunct is superfluous.Remark A subset that is an affi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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dd7700618dd13611b228b00935d3552ee4741041
subsection
53
110
Linear sets and functions
A refutative strong subset of such an -set is a strongly extensional -subset.Thus, intuitionistic constructive mathematics in the “sophisticated” sense, with tight apartness relations, embeds into linear constructive mathematics as the “refutative strong subuniverse”.Finally, we note that “anafunctions” (see thm:anafun...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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f6a5288d6ba1ae06bea59436b010364797740f50
subsection
54
110
Linear sets and functions
\end{array}Theorem 6.8 In the standard interpretation, an -anafunction from A to B corresponds to an -anafunction that is “strongly extensional” in the sense thatF(x_1,y_1) \wedge F(x_2,y_2) \wedge (y_1\ne y_2) \vdash _{x_1,x_2\in A, y_1,y_2\in B} (x_1\ne x_2).An -anafunction consists of two -relations F,F on A\times B...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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b532ebb6732af19be8884a84c6325b25247d958d
subsection
55
110
Algebra
Roughly speaking, there are two approaches to intuitionistic constructive algebra. The first uses apartness only minimally; inequality usually means denial \lnot (x=y) and is avoided as much as possible. For instance, apartness relations are absent from , and are only rarely used in . The second approach equips all set...
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10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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a12ad132eee5e72b2b96d6576a5319e104cfe971
subsection
56
110
Algebra
There are also natural examples in between; see eg:lpo.Definition A group is an (-)set G together with an element e\mathchoice{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}}}}{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}}}}{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{\script...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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8a064dff9bb46d0e2afb732b33e20f91cce9baa0
subsection
57
110
Algebra
\end{array}The extra condition for G to be strong is(x u \ne y v) &\vdash _{x,y,u,v\in G} &\;& (x \ne y) \vee (u\ne v)which is equivalent to \ne being an apartness. In particular:An -group with affirmative equality is precisely an -group. A strong -group with refutative equality is precisely a group with apartness rel...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 439, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "A. S. Troelstra and D. van Dalen. Constructivism in mathematics. Vol. II, volume 123 of Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1988. An introdu...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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e5219c3c1b8d881aab52e3714effc204533f8d4e
subsection
58
110
Algebra
In fact, it can be proven purely in linear logic that an -group is strong if and only if it has strong equality.Definition A subgroup of a group G is a subset H\sqsubseteq G such that&\vdash &\;& (e\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}H)\\ (x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}H) &\vdash _{x\mathchoice{\mathrel {\rais...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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2632ac6b74212908a494099468370638fe61f924
subsection
59
110
Algebra
An affirmative -subgroup of an affirmative -group is precisely an -subgroup of an -group, together with its logical complement H \mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}{x\in G | \lnot (x\in H)}. If G is refutative and strong, then H is refutative and strong if and only if H is an antisubgroup ...
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10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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faa391758936fe36cc84abc6973ad9f9555dc268
subsection
60
110
Algebra
For the first, we have(x\circeq _H y) \boxtimes (w\circeq _H z) &\equiv (x y^{-1} \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}H)\boxtimes (w z^{-1} \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}H)\\ &\vdash (x y^{-1} \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}H)\boxtimes (y w z^{-1} y^{-1} \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}H) &&\qquad \t...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 1928, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "A. S. Troelstra and D. van Dalen. Constructivism in mathematics. Vol. II, volume 123 of Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1988. An introd...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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6c6026b26b6adef907de58775df10aaec2128104
subsection
61
110
Algebra
((x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}H) \multimap (f(x) \circeq e)) means not only (x\in H) \rightarrow (f(x)=e) but also (f(x)\ne e) \rightarrow (x\in H).Definition The kernel of a homomorphism f:G\rightarrow K is \protect \left.\:{x\in G f(x)\circeq e}\:\right..Theorem 7.6 The kernel H_f of f:G\rightarrow K is a n...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 718, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "A. S. Troelstra and D. van Dalen. Constructivism in mathematics. Vol. II, volume 123 of Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1988. An introdu...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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85dfa7416bc04f62dbc71963a7b935c5813227f7
subsection
62
110
Algebra
A general -ring is an -ring with an inequality such that (x\ne y) \leftrightarrow (x-y \ne 0) and (xy \ne 0) \rightarrow (y\ne 0).An ideal is an additive subgroup J with (x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}J) \vdash (xy\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}J). In the standard interpretation, in the affirmative case t...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 484, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "A. S. Troelstra and D. van Dalen. Constructivism in mathematics. Vol. II, volume 123 of Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1988. An introdu...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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8506ffcd7b5c4e0320d78444bc9422cd33d776c8
subsection
63
110
Algebra
A \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}-prime strong refutative -ideal in a strong refutative -ring is an anti-ideal J in an -ring with apartness that is proper (1\in J) and such that (x\in J) \wedge (y\in J) \vdash (x y \in J), i.e. a prime anti-ideal as in . Finally, an arbitrary -rin...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 292, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "A. S. Troelstra and D. van Dalen. Constructivism in mathematics. Vol. II, volume 123 of Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1988. An introdu...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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2f23002173bc23cb9ec1ccab97f27934f6fbd437
subsection
64
110
Algebra
A general -ring is a \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}-field just when its corresponding -ring with inequality satisfies 0\ne 1 and (x\ne 0) \rightarrow \mathsf {inv}(x). This is precisely a field as in  with \ne irreflexive (in  the zero ring is a “field” with 0\ne 0). A \mathbin {...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4419-8640-5", "end": 307, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4229738979", "raw": "Ray Mines, Fred Richman, and Wim Ruitenburg. A Course in Constructive Algebra. Springer, 1988.", "source_ref_id": "2726b12ea136a3cdf65e...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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384cd3fbafd7c644a5bd9cbb0b6cd22311e20062
subsection
65
110
Algebra
R is \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}-local if \mathsf {inv}(x+y) \vdash \mathsf {inv}(x) \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}\mathsf {inv}(y).In the standard interpretation:An affirmative \sqcup -local -ring is an -ring with \lnot (0=1) and \mathsf ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/0021-8693(77)90284-8", "end": 392, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2071117620", "raw": "P.T Johnstone. Rings, fields, and spectra. Journal of Algebra, 49(1):238 – 260, 1977.", "source_ref_id": "de078927ed80a31ca71b04acd6...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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4bf5f105e2072dc416bb64205f00d2cb5a75957f
subsection
66
110
Algebra
Similarly, the \sqcup -local condition contraposes to an instance of strong functionality.Finally, the \sqcup /\mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}} worlds get mixed a bit when we talk about residue fields:Theorem 7.9 If R is an \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \bo...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04031386598944664, 0.044708412140607834, 0.005241412669420242, 0.0037078990135341883, 0.00035953649785369635, -0.030151475220918655, 0.022628864273428917, 0.04742448776960373, 0.013916064985096455, 0.01017764862626791, -0.02635202370584011, 0.005462666042149067, -0.022781454026699066, 0...
3dddb753d2f2338e42241e003dcdd6f18e1b5d4c
subsection
67
110
Order
When equality is defined, we can either introduce order and topology as structures on a pre-set which induce an equality, or as structures on a set that might determine the equality by a “separation” axiom. In general we prefer the former.Definition A preorder on an (-)pre-set A is a predicate \sqsubseteq on A\times A ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.01264763530343771, -0.0010107428533956409, -0.03817175328731537, 0.027141306549310684, 0.0060263159684836864, -0.01362405065447092, -0.004832495003938675, 0.06087341904640198, 0.030802864581346512, 0.01565316505730152, -0.028438108041882515, -0.027095535770058632, -0.014135142788290977, ...
05a437767e1b3792c67f02fbd912e3a9cddcd2c3
subsection
68
110
Order
\end{array}If A has a preorder, then (x\circeq y) \mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}(x\sqsubseteq y) \sqcap (y\sqsubseteq x) makes A into a set, and \sqsubseteq is then a relation defined on A\boxtimes A. The sets-with-preorder we obtain in this way are exactly the partial orders: sets wit...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.05262661352753639, 0.0012353440979495645, -0.034524768590927124, -0.009218815714120865, -0.008402247913181782, -0.004300333093851805, 0.004235465545207262, 0.04475093632936478, 0.025779103860259056, 0.017796587198972702, -0.016880810260772705, 0.001104655209928751, -0.013339809142053127, ...
14c20619a2c6fa8440a773044fe9d972f70bcb81
subsection
69
110
Order
Moreover, the -partial-order is......strong if and only if < is cotransitive: (x<z) \vdash (x<y) \vee (y<z). ...\mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}-total if and only if (x<y)\rightarrow (x\le y) (hence < is transitive). ...\sqcup -total if and only if \le is total, (x\le y)\vee (y\le...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 942, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2261622378", "raw": "J. H. Conway. On numbers and games. A K Peters Ltd., Natick, MA, second edition, 2001.", "source_ref_id": "951f95109be21f507c98556ecfdfd9e7a6992514", "sta...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.115236796438694, 0.017807381227612495, 0.009163095615804195, 0.01620517484843731, 0.011375666595995426, -0.006679675541818142, -0.007503667380660772, 0.01617465727031231, 0.0049935439601540565, 0.021225422620773315, -0.017746344208717346, -0.029358528554439545, -0.00911731831729412, 0.0...
dd67a9a9c571ee5147310778301f192d2f607254
subsection
70
110
Order
The coreflection of (A,\sqsubseteq ) is A with(x\circeq y) \mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}(x\sqsubseteq y) \sqcap (y\sqsubseteq x).If \sqsubseteq is a strong preorder, then \circeq is a strong equality; thus the category of strong sets is also coreflective in the category of strong preo...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.05713340640068054, -0.005936136469244957, -0.014016302302479744, -0.017732109874486923, 0.019807469099760056, 0.002517898567020893, -0.01938018947839737, 0.012894692830741405, 0.0430942177772522, 0.03409082069993019, -0.01716748997569084, -0.015504151582717896, -0.005230362061411142, 0....
4a9f68e5e745db33da142ae0ce99e9f53d7f896a
subsection
71
110
Order
And (REF ) follows by projecting from (x\circeq y) \equiv ((x\sqsubseteq y) \sqcap (y\sqsubseteq x)) to x\sqsubseteq y, from z\circeq w to z\sqsubseteq w, and applying transitivity of \sqsubseteq .Remark An affirmative preorder is automatically an âffirmative partial order on its induced set, but its induced equality i...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.07756182551383972, 0.007772963959723711, 0.011007249355316162, 0.008100969716906548, 0.01571374386548996, -0.01585104875266552, 0.018353043124079704, 0.006182519253343344, 0.023952018469572067, 0.03417358174920082, -0.03374641016125679, 0.003667176002636552, -0.030985062941908836, 0.025...
c24d8552ddca626a706fdbc3988543ce724a6935
subsection
72
110
Order
Then we have(x\sqsubset y) &\equiv (x\sqsubseteq y) \boxtimes (x\lnot \circeq y)\\ (x\sqsubseteq y) &\equiv (x\circeq y) \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}(x\sqsubset y).For any partial order we have(x\sqsubseteq y)\boxtimes (x\lnot \circeq y) &\equiv (x\sqsubseteq y) \boxtimes \smash...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.08043962717056274, 0.015196864493191242, 0.004665101878345013, 0.0022410035599023104, -0.007392450701445341, 0.00242219096980989, -0.015440991148352623, 0.027082765474915504, 0.009322574362158775, 0.020003100857138634, -0.004955001641064882, 0.006507492624223232, -0.02447366528213024, 0...
276022ad133bfee3ac2a5e71f6035df2aaa0a0a8
subsection
73
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
In this section we assume a natural numbers type permitting definitions by recursion and proof by induction. We define addition and multiplication by recursion in the usual way, and we define a preorder on by recursion into \Omega : (0n) def=(n+10) def=(n+1 m+1) def=(nm). The integers are the type \times with ((a,b)...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.028615277260541916, 0.012338907457888126, 0.0013754410902038217, -0.009446857497096062, -0.0063068075105547905, -0.02689073048532009, 0.03937462344765663, 0.010484637692570686, 0.02072509191930294, 0.052224788814783096, -0.04477718845009804, 0.003607432823628187, -0.024372586980462074, ...
7f28cc3927da400ad1cf1d1d5e7e489a289b4837
subsection
74
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
It suffices to show {\textstyle \sqcap }k. (x_n \sqsubseteq z_n + {\textstyle \frac{2}{n+1}} + {\textstyle \frac{6}{k+1}}); thus let k also be given. Since x,z:_c, we have x_n \sqsubseteq x_k + {\textstyle \frac{1}{n+1}} + {\textstyle \frac{1}{k+1}} and z_k \sqsubseteq z_n + {\textstyle \frac{1}{n+1}} + {\textstyle \fr...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.08970987051725388, 0.0257534459233284, -0.00228088884614408, -0.0138150155544281, -0.005202562548220158, 0.020459342747926712, -0.0018203246872872114, -0.009245608933269978, -0.013555649667978287, 0.012289336882531643, -0.0049508255906403065, -0.015157612040638924, -0.037470653653144836, ...
d707ab22ecb3a1f9a28f851971d594f644acfbe2
subsection
75
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
Given such m, for any n, |x_n-x_m| \sqsubseteq {\textstyle \frac{1}{n+1}}+{\textstyle \frac{1}{m+1}} and |y_n-y_m| \sqsubseteq {\textstyle \frac{1}{n+1}}+{\textstyle \frac{1}{m+1}}, sox_n &\,\sqsubseteq \, x_m + {\textstyle \frac{1}{n+1}}+{\textstyle \frac{1}{m+1}} \,\sqsubseteq \, y_m + {\textstyle \frac{1}{n+1}}-{\te...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.05211133137345314, 0.034049324691295624, -0.010144623927772045, -0.0035696872510015965, 0.012936302460730076, 0.006002871319651604, 0.019160373136401176, 0.02756591886281967, 0.02587260492146015, 0.028572753071784973, -0.013958392664790154, -0.040334414690732956, -0.016856856644153595, ...
0351d6d2e475c8b1b3cd07ab9f2661cb4d6dad42
subsection
76
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
(((s\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L) \boxtimes (r\sqsubset s)) \multimap (r\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L)). L is upwards-open if {\textstyle \sqcap }r. ((r\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L) \multimap {\textstyle \bigsqcup }s. ((r\sqsubset s) \boxtimes (s\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L))). ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.06868574768304825, 0.024360544979572296, -0.02017834596335888, 0.014080578461289406, -0.018224619328975677, 0.014347690157592297, 0.0014958230312913656, 0.04121144860982895, -0.02031571790575981, -0.003573566908016801, -0.028069576248526573, 0.030267519876360893, -0.013149505481123924, ...
69e71603320bb183d11662b497001e3831e98b33
subsection
77
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
((r\sqsubset s) \boxtimes (s\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}{\smash{\overline{L}}}))}\:\right. &\qquad {\smash{\mathring{U}}}&\mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}{{\smash{\overline{L}}}}^\perp \\ {\smash{\overline{U}}}&\mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}\pro...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04604455828666687, 0.011549281887710094, -0.03533439338207245, 0.027553504332900047, -0.014120026491582394, 0.003102820599451661, 0.022839199751615524, 0.04152859374880791, 0.004172693006694317, 0.03496823459863663, -0.010870360769331455, 0.025600653141736984, -0.017514631152153015, 0.0...
ccc8ac8b5f50a1a97699754862473737e4381374
subsection
78
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
Thus, if we write x_{\smash{\mathring{L}}},x_{\smash{\overline{L}}},x_{\smash{\mathring{U}}},x_{\smash{\overline{U}}} for the four representations of x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}, we have\begin{array}{ccccccccc} (x\sqsubseteq y)&\equiv &(x_{\smash{\mathring{L}}}\sqsubseteq y_{\smash{\mathring{L}}})&\equiv &(x...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03537904471158981, 0.050397589802742004, -0.01059997733682394, -0.008440298959612846, -0.005055784713476896, 0.019673680886626244, 0.00688731437548995, 0.022726228460669518, 0.009180542081594467, 0.00763900438323617, 0.00217112572863698, 0.01415619719773531, 0.018559498712420464, 0.0091...
eebbc09b2fbcaa95854db8d7633d2ad60478aec6
subsection
79
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
If we identify r\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}} with the cut r_{\smash{\mathring{L}}}\mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}\protect \left.\:{q\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}} q \sqsubset r}\:\right., then is fully order-embedded in , and moreover for any x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mat...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.05644330754876137, 0.025291120633482933, -0.012248717248439789, 0.029030604287981987, -0.009592920541763306, 0.004071458242833614, 0.029992185533046722, 0.024375328794121742, -0.011401609517633915, 0.010569765232503414, -0.01801057532429695, -0.01918584108352661, -0.011683978140354156, ...
56c5b5d065b3208ce8ceee98c2c62dcc88056283
subsection
80
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
((r<s) \wedge (r\in L)) }\hspace{28.45274pt} L \mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}{r | \forall s. ((r<s) \rightarrow (s\in U)) }.The -set of pairs (L,U) in thm:std-ivl is also called the set of (rational) cuts , or sometimes the interval domain. It is distinct from even classically, contain...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/s0019-3577(98)80037-2", "end": 274, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2074009310", "raw": "Fred Richman. Generalized real numbers in constructive mathematics. Indagationes Mathematicae, 9(4):595 – 606, 1998.", "source_ref_...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.0649382621049881, 0.03143158555030823, -0.030806005001068115, 0.0010947651462629437, -0.003122178604826331, 0.03384235501289368, -0.0005573956877924502, 0.022307269275188446, 0.032774291932582855, -0.008620798587799072, -0.02700674906373024, -0.003215634264051914, -0.015135985799133778, ...
a45d6d24343e387731398a8c48b2162c83cec67b
subsection
81
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
((x\sqsubset y) \multimap ((x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L) \sqcup (y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U))) and (L\sqcap U \circeq \mathord {\lnot \hspace{-2.0pt}{\scriptstyle \Box }}). {\textstyle \sqcap }xy. (((x\lnot \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L) \sqcap (x\lnot \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.044977396726608276, 0.014211820438504219, -0.04329913854598999, -0.04076648876070976, -0.0005702273338101804, 0.05776269733905792, -0.0029598423279821873, 0.0612107589840889, 0.03396190330386162, -0.014913639053702354, -0.011488460004329681, 0.029598424211144447, -0.028713522478938103, ...
9c1dd1a8ae10ed3ae96b07ea44f01c8f3c7db5dd
subsection
82
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
Conversely, if REF and x\sqsubset y, let z = {\textstyle \frac{x+y}{2}}; then x\sqsubset z, so (x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L) \sqcup (z\lnot \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L). In the first case, x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L, while in the second case, y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U s...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.06749460846185684, 0.015943007543683052, -0.017758527770638466, -0.036981675773859024, -0.00891740433871746, 0.01798737421631813, 0.006384831387549639, 0.0019041977357119322, 0.0310469102114439, 0.02273213490843773, -0.03966681286692619, -0.02193879894912243, -0.03086383268237114, 0.030...
d9df95933400977b123dcaef4a2b3de510cb4615
subsection
83
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
Since L_1 is open and x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_1, there exists y: with y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_1 and x\sqsubset y.Now x\sqsubset y implies either x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_2 or y\lnot \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_2. If x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_2, fro...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.08268432319164276, 0.032646577805280685, -0.013859540224075317, -0.022562751546502113, 0.0022921254858374596, 0.008565912954509258, -0.01671992987394333, 0.03484335541725159, 0.008985436521470547, -0.004454579669982195, -0.0257053654640913, -0.007231064606457949, -0.020426994189620018, ...
ccb568bdcb01176c0f0d84a8441176e5fec0477b
subsection
84
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
If (L_1\sqsubset L_2) then there exists x: with x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_2 and x\lnot \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_1. Thus for any y:, if y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_1 we must have y\sqsubset x, since if x\sqsubseteq y we would have x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}L_1. But y\s...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.052093617618083954, 0.02470403164625168, -0.02366643212735653, -0.002792364452034235, -0.01031496375799179, 0.026092585176229477, 0.012977628037333488, 0.025939997285604477, 0.015975985676050186, 0.006950393319129944, -0.024948174133896828, -0.0031948157120496035, -0.03317267820239067, ...
e4034a0ed73ea26636514f3e89a0854ffbce78fb
subsection
85
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
((q \circeq r+s) \multimap ((r \sqsubseteq x) \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}(s \sqsubseteq y)))\\ (q\sqsubset x \mathbin {\raisebox {1pt}{\scriptstyle }}y) &\equiv {\textstyle \bigsqcup }q^{\prime }. ((q \sqsubset q^{\prime }) \boxtimes {\textstyle \sqcap }r s. ((q^{\prime } \circ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.0452255941927433, -0.0013684786390513182, -0.03884762525558472, 0.014503012411296368, -0.014808177947998047, 0.07031023502349854, 0.005580722354352474, 0.028853440657258034, 0.02702244557440281, 0.014762403443455696, 0.009246528148651123, 0.012275300920009613, -0.033507220447063446, 0.0...
d2fde617427cfef45bee986000067b63cbd86d0b
subsection
86
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
We have shown (r \sqsubset x) \sqcup (s \sqsubset y), hence also (r \sqsubset x) \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}(s \sqsubset y); thus (q\sqsubset x \mathbin {\raisebox {1pt}{\scriptstyle }}y).Next suppose x,y\mathchoice{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.05593625456094742, 0.011664830148220062, 0.011138424277305603, -0.010077985934913158, -0.0058209714479744434, 0.03524624928832054, 0.014136644080281258, 0.021666524931788445, 0.00955920945852995, 0.015471729449927807, 0.0005416631465777755, -0.0018424175214022398, -0.02085784450173378, ...
ecc7d0fc1f84c0cd9afb90b63e077408d47f37a2
subsection
87
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
((r_k\sqsubset x) \sqcup (x\sqsubset r_{k+1})).Now we prove by induction on n that(s_{n+1}\sqsubset y) \multimap {\textstyle \bigsqcup }k.((r_k\sqsubset x) \boxtimes (s_{k+2} \sqsubset y)).The base case is n\circeq 1, in which case we can take k\mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}0. For the ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.053550560027360916, 0.03469344228506088, 0.01048889197409153, 0.00765879824757576, -0.004790563136339188, 0.03649371489882469, 0.035913966596126556, 0.007113375701010227, 0.012960456311702728, 0.009436188265681267, -0.019253792241215706, 0.012273910455405712, -0.022060999646782875, 0.04...
94daab0585248f6ac7219914634e1eb09581dac5
subsection
88
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
((q=r+s) \wedge (r<x) \wedge (s<y)).These are the standard interpretations of \mathbin {\raisebox {1pt}{\scriptstyle }} and \mathbin {\raisebox {1pt}{\scriptstyle }} respectively.If x,y\mathchoice{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}}}}{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathr...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04838046804070473, 0.009027459658682346, -0.05228753387928009, 0.010637598112225533, 0.01993214339017868, -0.0020107654854655266, 0.04337453842163086, 0.03546883538365364, -0.000038810732803540304, 0.01159910298883915, -0.016391362994909286, 0.009012198075652122, 0.0046892426908016205, ...
e13fa78e5e23c1e83fa0f0c5bead2378e9832c89
subsection
89
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
One place where this matters is in defining metric spaces.Definition A cut-metric on an -pre-set X is an operation d:^{X\times X} with&\vdash _{x,y\mathchoice{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}}}}{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}}}}{\m...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.0244393702596426, 0.018016789108514786, -0.06010681763291359, 0.008093062788248062, 0.0054195295087993145, 0.016552258282899857, 0.012410379946231842, 0.04308163747191429, 0.02237987332046032, 0.032463785260915756, -0.03582000359892845, -0.04567508026957512, 0.030068663880228996, 0.0045...
13d593b8a2e5a5b7b92d24e1f426b0922e96b0f9
subsection
90
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
(We can also symmetrize d directly with d^{\prime }(x,y) \mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}\sup (d(x,y),d(y,x)).) If X is already a set and d a function, the usual metric separation condition (d(x,y)\circeq 0) \vdash (x\circeq y) makes its equality coincide with that obtained in this way.I...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/s0019-3577(98)80037-2", "end": 1400, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2074009310", "raw": "Fred Richman. Generalized real numbers in constructive mathematics. Indagationes Mathematicae, 9(4):595 – 606, 1998.", "source_ref...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.020528003573417664, 0.03257008269429207, -0.040689706802368164, -0.014728270471096039, 0.008035683073103428, -0.023122621700167656, 0.02075693942606449, 0.010775294154882431, 0.0282355435192585, 0.027548734098672867, -0.020115917548537254, -0.005238838028162718, 0.028479743748903275, 0....
6e43ebcd2826756fecb6fae1fc02289f2588294b
subsection
91
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
But the observation of Richman  is that if we treat d(a,B) as a cut, then its inequality relations to rational (hence also real) numbers are exactly what we would expect of such a “distance”. In the standard interpretation, these become:(d(a,B) < q) &\equiv \exists b^X. ((b\in B) \wedge (d(a,b) < q))\\ (q \le d(a,B)) &...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/s0019-3577(98)80037-2", "end": 191, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2074009310", "raw": "Fred Richman. Generalized real numbers in constructive mathematics. Indagationes Mathematicae, 9(4):595 – 606, 1998.", "source_ref_...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.006138497497886419, 0.04327850416302681, -0.02498128078877926, -0.03818152844905853, -0.028887944296002388, 0.025774821639060974, 0.03647236526012421, 0.021425606682896614, 0.03647236526012421, 0.022829564288258553, -0.04208819195628166, -0.004715464543551207, 0.02200550213456154, 0.007...
8be16623809cd9e288c3b25c80a62a1c8bba095e
subsection
92
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
((b\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}B) \boxtimes (d(a,b) \sqsubset d(a,b^{\prime }) + \varepsilon )))whose standard interpretation, when B,B^{\prime } are affirmative, reduces to Richman's:(d(a,B) \le d(a,B^{\prime })) \equiv \forall \varepsilon . \forall \smash{b^{\prime }}^X. ((b^{\prime }\in B^{\prime }) \righta...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/s0019-3577(98)80037-2", "end": 775, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2074009310", "raw": "Fred Richman. Generalized real numbers in constructive mathematics. Indagationes Mathematicae, 9(4):595 – 606, 1998.", "source_ref_...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.032831210643053055, -0.0038769664242863655, -0.048758622258901596, -0.042167969048023224, 0.00306648388504982, 0.03444836288690567, 0.02605748549103737, 0.01772763393819332, 0.014760314486920834, 0.005068852100521326, -0.040642354637384415, 0.014096672646701336, 0.03405170142650604, 0.0...
e163aef1d98a7614be7d99a35284974da64b5ff3
subsection
93
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
((b\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}B) \boxtimes (d(a,b) \sqsubset r^{\prime })))\\ & {\textstyle \sqcap }b^X. ((b \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}B) \multimap {\textstyle \bigsqcup }c^X. ((c\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}C) \boxtimes (d(b,c) \sqsubset s^{\prime }))).Thus, for any a\mathrel {{\sqsubset }...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/s0019-3577(98)80037-2", "end": 796, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2074009310", "raw": "Fred Richman. Generalized real numbers in constructive mathematics. Indagationes Mathematicae, 9(4):595 – 606, 1998.", "source_ref_...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03225284442305565, 0.0066290730610489845, -0.042139239609241486, -0.01115270983427763, -0.011831636540591717, 0.058372460305690765, 0.035853445529937744, 0.04476340487599373, 0.008597197942435741, 0.026851940900087357, -0.030635623261332512, 0.009299010038375854, 0.016507841646671295, 0...
3705844129248bb64227afaaa214558774698d6f
subsection
94
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
Our solution is to replace this “additive” binary supremum with a multiplicative one: for cuts x,y we define({\textstyle \sup ^{\mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptscriptstyle \boxtimes }}}}}(x,y) \sqsubset q) &\mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}(x \sqsubset q) \boxtimes (y \s...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/s0019-3577(98)80037-2", "end": 1059, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2074009310", "raw": "Fred Richman. Generalized real numbers in constructive mathematics. Indagationes Mathematicae, 9(4):595 – 606, 1998.", "source_ref...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.06964986771345139, 0.0018684827955439687, -0.03004833124577999, 0.008484953083097935, -0.00366447726264596, -0.0023806702811270952, 0.040562957525253296, 0.02542433701455593, -0.002798432018607855, 0.03201696276664734, -0.01851123757660389, -0.028674867004156113, -0.0030254351440817118, ...
d902037348e4a5017cd5fb4660654afc31a1662f
subsection
95
110
Real numbers and metric spaces
But the corresponding formulas\exists K. \forall \varepsilon . \forall nm. (n>K_\varepsilon \wedge m>K_\varepsilon \rightarrow |x_n-x_m|\le \varepsilon ) \\ \exists \varepsilon . \exists NM. \forall k. (N_k>k \wedge M_k > k \wedge |x_{N_k}-x_{M_k}|>\varepsilon ).are no longer de Morgan duals. Gödel's “Dialectica” inter...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1111/j.1746-8361.1958.tb01464.x", "end": 551, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1525064220", "raw": "Kurt Gödel. Über eine bisher noch nicht benützte Erweiterung des finiten Standpunktes. Dialectica, pages 280–287, 1958.", "sou...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.035794422030448914, 0.008635823614895344, -0.007727994583547115, -0.026426231488585472, -0.007445727940648794, 0.008345928974449635, 0.029477760195732117, 0.03823564574122429, 0.04089047387242317, -0.01045148354023695, -0.01138982828706503, -0.029340440407395363, 0.01076426450163126, 0....
5928bf2a028def930f99ed2fb05b3b59ef0361b0
subsection
96
110
Topology
Finally, we consider point-set topologies. There are many classically-equivalent ways to define a topology; first we consider neighborhood relations.Note that the preorder (U\sqsubseteq V) \mathrel {\smash{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle \mathsf {def}}{=}}}\forall x^A. ((x\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U) \multimap (...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.029571153223514557, 0.010299550369381905, -0.021392546594142914, 0.021270478144288063, 0.008933905512094498, -0.01698281429708004, -0.021484099328517914, 0.053679727017879486, 0.04501284658908844, 0.0015086933271959424, -0.01329023391008377, -0.020217634737491608, 0.015617169439792633, ...
da32b283cb9bfb4770b7cacd23f048623163eae3
subsection
97
110
Topology
((xU) (yU))) \vdash (x\circeq y).Now a relation on A\boxtimes A is equivalently a function \mathsf {int}: A \rightarrow A, and defn:topology translates into a linear version of an “interior operator”:\mathsf {int}(U) \sqsubseteq U (U\sqsubseteq V) \multimap (\mathsf {int}(U) \sqsubseteq \mathsf {int}(V)) \mathsf {int...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.039521344006061554, 0.004760872106999159, -0.011482552625238895, 0.023621249943971634, 0.013908766210079193, 0.036683131009340286, -0.009193670935928822, 0.027909087017178535, 0.04770027846097946, 0.03027426451444626, -0.03756816312670708, -0.0111697381362319, -0.013199212960898876, 0.0...
202a3d7770b9ad164111d4d5c1edf3c64829004f
subsection
98
110
Topology
For y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U we use d(x,y) \sqsubset \varepsilon \sqsubseteq \varepsilon _U and the hypothesis from xU, and dually. Note that here we need to use the same hypothesis d(x,y) \sqsubset \varepsilon in proving both subgoals y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}U and y\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.030860617756843567, 0.009892787784337997, -0.040455933660268784, -0.0069600376300513744, 0.023934902623295784, 0.016261698678135872, -0.0038137193769216537, 0.025841763243079185, 0.04002879932522774, 0.0034800188150256872, -0.030769087374210358, 0.01880926452577114, 0.0005792086012661457,...
ae5872cb2a4c9c6e8d5a429b86a375a2772e691d
subsection
99
110
Topology
((y\in U) \rightarrow (x\ne y)). This is the same as saying that x belongs to the inequality complement of U, i.e. x\lnot \mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}\hat{}\hspace{0.5pt}U in the standard interpretation.Theorem 10.4 Under the standard interpretation, an -topology such thatA simpler attempt at () would be (xU) ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 1447, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W648714180", "raw": "Douglas S. Bridges and Luminiţa Simona Vîţă. Apartness and uniformity: a constructive development. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.", "source_ref_id": "...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.014072478748857975, 0.02250071056187153, -0.03737406060099602, 0.005037871189415455, 0.006578597705811262, -0.020548107102513313, 0.04481836408376694, 0.011959699913859367, 0.026268625631928444, 0.015224209986627102, -0.0037545678205788136, -0.02697034366428852, 0.002046039327979088, 0....
08be6bdf6a26ae2c62a9807c3c9a67e2455f4d71
subsection
100
110
Topology
The direct translation of -transitivity is (x\bowtie K) \vdash (x \bowtie {y | \lnot (y\bowtie K)}), which is equivalent to () and () together. Our definition of equality yields(x\ne y) \equiv \exists K.((x\bowtie K) \wedge \lnot (y\bowtie K)) \vee \exists K.(\lnot (x\bowtie K) \wedge (y\bowtie K)) .However, if x\bowt...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03551691770553589, 0.021542048081755638, -0.049583327025175095, 0.03307589516043663, -0.00287392595782876, -0.02622576616704464, 0.024410253390669823, 0.021618330851197243, 0.01553102396428585, 0.016873586922883987, -0.01925358735024929, -0.022121792659163475, 0.00878006312996149, 0.073...
691275f8b2cb6f2a4904133dc84817044124db4d
subsection
101
110
Topology
\forall y^X.((y\in U) \rightarrow (d(x,y)\ge \varepsilon )))where the first conjunct depends only on U and the second only on U. Thus, we may think of x \ll (U,U) as “x is in the interior of U and is apart from U”. [Figure: The standard interpretation of an -topology]In the general case, we can write the axioms of an ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ 0.0005811764858663082, 0.029673852026462555, -0.018612904474139214, 0.022427024319767952, 0.0018889427883550525, -0.053062036633491516, -0.021816765889525414, 0.024349341168999672, 0.017224565148353577, -0.0008362457738257945, 0.0040315245278179646, -0.0026851403526961803, -0.005198645405471...
c97d19cd47964e948a0a8664460f184cfcaf46b5
subsection
102
110
Topology
This suggests the following definition.Definition A unified topology on an -pre-set A consists of three predicates \ll ,\bowtie ,\mathrel {\raisebox {1pt}{\scriptstyle \delta }} on A\times \Omega ^A such that:\ll is a topology in the usual sense: (x\ll U) &\vdash &\;& (x\in U) \\ (x\ll U) \wedge (U\subseteq V) &\vdas...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.005569694563746452, 0.011810803785920143, -0.056246284395456314, 0.020981725305318832, -0.009636334143579006, -0.0198983047157526, -0.0019780045840889215, 0.042482271790504456, -0.015213658101856709, 0.0011835600016638637, -0.016113964840769768, 0.0030824062414467335, 0.03897260129451752,...
6b53c539c02a9ffe85287d968860e498b961e089
subsection
103
110
Topology
Note that transitivity for \bowtie  (REF ) involves \mathrel {\raisebox {1pt}{\scriptstyle \delta }}, while binary additivity for \mathrel {\raisebox {1pt}{\scriptstyle \delta }} (REF ) (in constructively sensible form derived from \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}) involves \bowtie ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.06378666311502457, 0.01854085922241211, -0.022355850785970688, 0.006538895890116692, 0.015603316016495228, -0.009949498809874058, -0.01552701648324728, 0.035281043499708176, 0.009674819186329842, 0.01846455968916416, -0.02327144891023636, -0.011803584173321724, 0.014168879017233849, 0.0...
cb82e574dc47c12a714439081798026b96f0d094
subsection
104
110
Topology
A \bowtie means there is an \varepsilon >0 such that for every B\in and \varepsilon ^{\prime }<\varepsilon there is a point of A that is at least \varepsilon ^{\prime }-far from every point of B. A \mathrel {\raisebox {1pt}{\scriptstyle \delta }} means for any \varepsilon >0 there is a B\in and an \varepsilon ^{\prime...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ 0.010538797825574875, 0.035042837262153625, -0.013759197667241096, 0.031105097383260727, 0.004548242781311274, -0.04822969064116478, 0.02881571277976036, 0.03284502774477005, 0.0069368332624435425, 0.008524139411747456, -0.04362039640545845, 0.003849980654194951, -0.001539610675536096, 0.0...
f2c4099e9a8b49ae2ec36d7c26433f5f80bf1b38
subsection
105
110
Towards linear constructive mathematics
So far, our primary motivation for linear logic has been parasitic on intuitionistic logic, by way of the Chu construction. Thus, a mathematician who cares about intuitionistic logic (for any reason) may use linear logic instead, obtaining intuitionistic conclusions via the standard interpretation. However, there are o...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1017/s0960129502003730", "end": 811, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2096885339", "raw": "Samson Abramsky, Esfandiar Haghverdi, and Philip Scott. Geometry of interaction and linear combinatory algebras. Mathematical Structures in C...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.0383225716650486, 0.021297099068760872, -0.002412323607131839, 0.004790321458131075, 0.003344834316521883, -0.04497409984469414, -0.00251911417581141, -0.025431420654058456, 0.021693749353289604, 0.02151067927479744, -0.012555524706840515, -0.0015122313052415848, 0.024897467344999313, -...
9516a6c29540d93d6db20cab3cc4f9c76975b2ff
subsection
106
110
Towards linear constructive mathematics
For a fixed affirmative -set A, the -subsets of A are fuzzy sets with universe A, with their usual induced metric. Finally, (closed upper) -cuts x\mathchoice{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}}}}{\mathrel {\raisebox {-1pt}{}\mathord {\mathrel {{\sqsubset }{\mathord {-}}}}}}{\mat...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.0905204489827156, -0.00387595989741385, 0.01738078147172928, 0.02513270080089569, -0.0007386641227640212, -0.04989916831254959, 0.041018031537532806, 0.01777753233909607, 0.0050089918076992035, 0.02809307910501957, -0.024476535618305206, -0.01096408348530531, -0.014496700838208199, 0.00...
42a8c0c43b09a77e03f67c337a3edcd4b398a4a2
subsection
107
110
Towards linear constructive mathematics
Thus, the “or” appearing here must be the classical one \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}. That is, “if P then Q” (which we may as well start writing as P\multimap Q) is equivalent to \smash{{P}^\perp } \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}Q.This tells...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.055292386561632156, 0.0072777229361236095, 0.02232140302658081, 0.0366785041987896, -0.0070984503254294395, -0.02499142661690712, 0.014799563214182854, 0.029049864038825035, 0.015158109366893768, -0.0171491838991642, -0.017561130225658417, -0.004108022898435593, -0.026578184217214584, -...
0ba8f0bdae3ecd1ee68fb392cfe66635faefa435
subsection
108
110
Towards linear constructive mathematics
We now let \sqcap and \boxtimes be the de Morgan duals of \sqcup and \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}, and calculate(P \boxtimes Q) \multimap R \;\equiv \; ({\smash{{P}^\perp } \mathbin {\raisebox {-1pt}{\rotatebox {45}{\scriptstyle \boxtimes }}}\smash{{Q}^\perp }}) \mathbin {\raise...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/0304-3975(87)90045-4", "end": 610, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2911865844", "raw": "Jean-Yves Girard. Linear logic. Theoretical Computer Science, 50(1):1– 101, 1987.", "source_ref_id": "e4d0310fdf3f5fa47108bb5aa6021f...
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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1235da933c3c12f7f5571c0c5902314c22c3945a
subsection
109
110
Towards linear constructive mathematics
But this is rarely bothersome: when was the last time you saw someone prove that something is a group by assuming that it isn't and deriving a contradiction? (See also rmk:affirm-sets,rmk:affirm-axioms.)Whether or not the reader finds the foregoing discussion convincing, I believe it proves that it is possible to argue...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1017/bsl.2022.28
1805.07518
Affine logic for constructive mathematics
[ "Michael Shulman" ]
[ "math.LO" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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9069cdc2cbe359d3effd6ed604ba8cee0ddc23a3
abstract
0
115
Abstract
The instant form and the front form of relativistic dynamics proposed by Dirac in 1949 can be linked by an interpolation angle parameter $\delta$ spanning between the instant form dynamics (IFD) at $\delta =0$ and the front form dynamics which is now known as the light-front dynamics (LFD) at $\delta =\pi/4$. We presen...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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4155ebcb64dae31d772bca8faf22b70c6deacb87
subsection
1
115
Introduction
For the study of relativistic particle systems, Dirac  proposed three different forms of the relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics in 1949: i.e. the instant (x^0 =0), front (x^+ = (x^0 + x^3)/\sqrt{2} = 0), and point (x_\mu x^\mu = a^2 > 0, x^0 > 0) forms. The instant form dynamics (IFD) of quantum field theories is based ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 252, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "P.A.M.Dirac, Rev. Mod. Phys. 21: 392-399 (1949).", "source_ref_id": "c465f337e70fc67254dd934f58ca77358613d67f", "start": 0 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end"...
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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e687e53a67bdaeb81a1d0f09e7bcea9978c631b1
subsection
2
115
Introduction
In this work, we entwine the fermion propagator interpolation with our previous works of the electromagnetic gauge field  and the helicity spinors  and fasten the bolts and nuts necessary to launch the interpolating QED.As we have already discussed the prototype of QED scattering processes “e\mu \rightarrow e\mu " and ...
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10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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89c7ae8a573404705daa1be3792b26837f383a22
subsection
3
115
Introduction
For the limit \delta \rightarrow 0 we have x^{\widehat{+}} = x^0 and x^{\widehat{-}} = -x^3 so that we recover usual space-time coordinates although the z-axis is inverted while for the other extreme limit, \delta \rightarrow \frac{\pi }{4} we have x^{\widehat{\pm }} = (x^0\pm x^3)/\sqrt{2} \equiv x^{\pm } which leads ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 837, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "C.-R. Ji, Z.Li and A.T. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. D 91:065020 (2015).", "source_ref_id": "c8aa8a471aa0c21d0e37acb239d74f5b487c7916", "start": 691 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi":...
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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c5c6ab445ebc23b6b5ff4a585c6b7a3119414b63
subsection
4
115
Introduction
We have detailed the increment of the angle difference \theta -\theta _s with the increment of the interpolation angle \delta in Ref., which bifurcates at a critical interpolation angle \delta _{c}. We found this critical interpolation angle \delta _{c}=\arctan \left( \frac{|\mathbf {P}|}{E} \right), where |\mathbf {P}...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 199, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "Z. Li, M. An and C.-R. Ji, Phys. Red. D 92, 105014 (2015).", "source_ref_id": "da42ecb139ee46928686e8f82ed96ebbc5a9b93c", "start": 0 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.4...
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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2c3debe34612ffba3d7a5f7fd5a11f3210edf6c0
subsection
5
115
Introduction
(REF ) and (). In the light-front limit \delta \rightarrow \frac{\pi }{4} , i.e., \mathbb {C}\rightarrow 0 , we get\Sigma _{F,\delta \rightarrow \frac{\pi }{4}} = \frac{{q}_{on}+m}{q^2-m^2}, \hspace{21.68121pt} \Sigma _{B,\delta \rightarrow \frac{\pi }{4}} = \frac{\gamma ^+}{2q^+},where q_{on} is the on-shell momentum ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 925, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "S.-J.Chang and T.-M.Yan, Phys.Rev. D 7,1147 (1973).", "source_ref_id": "e76c54970f80c1fcb5ad31a2b5805c2b409cdb63", "start": 566 } ] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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9c837244d700fa28df9b6609b09afc2b7231f7ee
subsection
6
115
Introduction
Summary and conclusions follow in Sec. . In Appendix , we derive Eq.(REF ) and present the fermion propagator in the position space which supplements the discussion in Sec. REF . In Appendix , we present the derivation of interpolating QED Hamiltonian which supplements the discussion in Sec. REF . In Appendix , the man...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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57cd65892a04da7afd27df3608d68ed05ffba344
subsection
7
115
Formal derivation of the Interpolation of QED
In our previous works, we studied in great detail the interpolation of the photon polarization vectors, the gauge propagator and the on-mass-shell helicity spinors. In this paper, we complete the interpolation of the QED theory by providing the final piece of the entity: the interpolating fermion propagator. The form o...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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88c862731fe9b1189e286f5c27c9370c73eb4ee2
subsection
8
115
Scattering Theory
Following what Kogut and Soper did in their light-front QED paper Although Kogut and Soper represented their work in Ref.  as the QED in the infinite momentum frame, it actually was the formulation of QED in the Light-Front Dynamics (LFD)., we regard the perturbative expansion of the S matrix in Feynman diagrams as the...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 359, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "J. Kogut and D. Soper, Phys. Rev. D 1, 2901(1970).", "source_ref_id": "a48737ebbb3545127af7ad1c054c551e0e21e667", "start": 0 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "en...
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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a8a91d857628d308afb06c4286eded778195a311
subsection
9
115
Propagator Decomposition
In Ref. , we obtained the decomposition of the photon propagator given byD_{F}(x)_{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\nu }}&= \int \frac{d^{2}\mathbf {q}_{\perp } }{(2\pi )^{3}}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }d q_{\widehat{-}} \widehat{\Theta }(q_{\widehat{-}}) \frac{\mathcal {T}_{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\nu }}}{2 \sqrt{q_{\widehat{-}}^...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 1778, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "C.-R. Ji, Z.Li and A.T. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. D 91:065020 (2015).", "source_ref_id": "c8aa8a471aa0c21d0e37acb239d74f5b487c7916", "start": 0 } ] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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32de8402703165f06352c795d3c1344496694938
subsection
10
115
Propagator Decomposition
Here, the polarization vectors \epsilon ^{\widehat{\mu }}(p,\pm ) are explicitly given in Ref.  and \mathcal {T}_{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\nu }} given by Eq. (REF ) is obtained in the radiation gauge for any interpolating angle, i.e. A^{\widehat{+}}=0 and \partial _{\widehat{-}}A_{\widehat{-}}+\partial _{\perp }\cdot \m...
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10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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6ac5b8fce498eedfd0d80b04a2a2bf84896d27ad
subsection
11
115
Propagator Decomposition
(REF ) is the interpolating step function given by\widehat{\Theta }(q_{\widehat{-}}) &= \Theta (q_{\widehat{-}}) + (1-\delta _{\mathbb {C} 0})\Theta (-q_{\widehat{-}}) \\ &= {\left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll} 1 \hspace{28.45274pt} &(\mathbb {C}\ne 0)\\ \Theta (q^+) &(\mathbb {C}=0) \end{array}\right.}which was introduced ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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2904cca0cb3517bf09292d2c06f98e3c39b9c4d3
subsection
12
115
Propagator Decomposition
\end{array}\right.}The detailed derivation of Eqs.(REF ) and (REF ) will be given in Appendix , where the pole integration is done explicitly.The result for \mathbb {C}\ne 0, i.e. \widehat{\Theta }(q_{\widehat{-}}) =1, in Eq. (REF ) can be obtained by noting the two poles for q_{\widehat{+}} in Eq. (REF ) given by{\cal...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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09b66b27a726846b7972be57bf3f92e533beba87
subsection
13
115
Propagator Decomposition
(REF ) is the invariant differential surface element on the mass shell, i.e.\int \dfrac{d^{2}\mathbf {q}_{\perp } }{(2\pi )^{3}} \dfrac{d q_{\widehat{-}}}{2 Q^{\widehat{+}}}=\int \dfrac{d^{4}q}{(2\pi )^{4}}2\pi \delta (q^{2}-m^{2}).The result for \mathbb {C} = 0, i.e. \widehat{\Theta }(q_{\widehat{-}}) = \Theta (q^+), ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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ad363a7a37da025607d18fec9abdec829e1cc1d1
subsection
14
115
Propagator Decomposition
(REF ) and (REF ) to derive a decomposition for the fermion propagator given byS_{F}(x)&=\int \dfrac{d^{2}\mathbf {q}_{\perp } }{(2\pi )^{3}}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }d q_{\widehat{-}} \widehat{\Theta }(q_{\widehat{-}})\dfrac{1}{2 Q^{\widehat{+}}} \left[ \Theta (x^{\widehat{+}})(q+m)e^{-i q_{\widehat{\mu }}x^{\widehat{...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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f66c2fb47b9579153804c6c6bd8335eed292ac83
subsection
15
115
Propagator Decomposition
This term is the instantaneous contribution unique to the LF. Thus, when we take \mathbb {C}=0 , our fermion propagator result given by Eq. (REF ) coincides with the LF propagator previously derived by Kogut and Soper :S_{F}(x)_{\mathrm {LF}}&=\int \dfrac{d^{2}\mathbf {q}_{\perp } }{(2\pi )^{3}}\int _{0}^{\infty } \dfr...
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10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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e5a92d6a4cb2b0935523a2c5fecf379a6ac3fb18
subsection
16
115
Rules for
To find the rules for x^{\widehat{+}}-ordered diagrams, we start with the Feynman diagrams in coordinate space. The amplitude for diagram shown in Fig. REF for the process of e^+e^-\rightarrow \gamma \gamma can be written asi\mathcal {M}=&(-i e)^{2}\int d^{4}x d^{4}y ~\epsilon ^{*}_{\widehat{\mu }}(y) [\bar{\psi }_{2}(...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 1009, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "C.-R. Ji, Z.Li and A.T. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. D 91:065020 (2015).", "source_ref_id": "c8aa8a471aa0c21d0e37acb239d74f5b487c7916", "start": 741 } ] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.04055102914571762, 0.012983042746782303, -0.05248139426112175, 0.0014331310521811247, 0.009985195472836494, -0.0676765888929367, 0.023464065045118332, 0.007319170981645584, 0.02460828237235546, 0.04705018177628517, -0.006914881523698568, -0.009275780990719795, -0.0012796154478564858, 0.0...
0cb3a5abb8eea74e9acf710caab71d2f9618040f
subsection
17
115
Rules for
(REF ), we finish the T^{\widehat{+}} integration using the following relations\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }dT^{\widehat{+}}\Theta (T^{\widehat{+}})e^{iP_{\widehat{+}}T^{\widehat{+}}}&=\dfrac{i}{P_{\widehat{+}}+i\epsilon },\\ \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }dT^{\widehat{+}}\Theta (-T^{\widehat{+}})e^{iP_{\widehat{+}}T^{\widehat...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.02365293726325035, 0.02559095248579979, -0.025972452014684677, -0.0005183617467992008, -0.006111613940447569, 0.008537947200238705, 0.013207495212554932, 0.030092639848589897, 0.04883187264204025, 0.03244267404079437, -0.006897501647472382, 0.004257528576999903, -0.01703011430799961, 0....
9f8400fbb740ae4659c6841a7e23a338d077e4ed
subsection
18
115
Rules for
(REF ).After the above analysis, with a little thought, one can summarize and write down the rules for x^{\widehat{+}}-ordered diagrams as the following:u(p,s), \bar{u}(p,s), v(p,s), \bar{v}(p,s), \epsilon _{\mu }(p,\lambda ), and \epsilon ^{*}_{\mu }(p,\lambda ) for each incoming and outgoing external lines; ({p}+m)=...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.022903062403202057, -0.022735219448804855, -0.06011863425374031, -0.0063399216160178185, 0.0012845780001953244, -0.03478946164250374, 0.0013141414383426309, 0.026656663045287132, 0.009925677441060543, 0.01899687759578228, -0.002954434137791395, 0.002912473166361451, -0.008094653487205505,...
c5c0c6e22e23ce1f0698ec6434c49bb391d8da10
subsection
19
115
Rules for
REF appearing only if \mathbb {C}=0 , i.e. only in LFD, where q^{+}=k^{\prime +}-p^{\prime +}; \frac{i}{P_{ini \widehat{+}}-P_{inter \widehat{+}}+\i \epsilon } for each internal line, where P_{int \widehat{+}} and P_{inter \widehat{+}} are the sums of energies for the initial and intermediate particles; an over-all f...
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10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.05497550591826439, 0.023000579327344894, -0.013133376836776733, -0.010386127047240734, -0.0031001942697912455, -0.0051892478950321674, 0.03131863847374916, 0.03482901304960251, 0.016315607354044914, 0.014934350736439228, -0.004273498430848122, -0.0018372227204963565, 0.008646203204989433,...
844dcb1fc00d7d36bc95823c932e29147135c004
subsection
20
115
Equations of Motion
The Lagrangian density for QED is\mathcal {L}=-\frac{1}{4}F_{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\nu }}F^{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\nu }}+\bar{\psi }(i\gamma ^{\widehat{\mu }}D_{\widehat{\mu }}-m)\psi ,where D_{\widehat{\mu }}=\partial _{\widehat{\mu }}+ie A_{\widehat{\mu }}, and F_{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\nu }}=\partial _{\widehat{\...
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10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04217011481523514, 0.0066977860406041145, -0.03771509602665901, -0.04775414615869522, -0.0002412499743513763, -0.015684109181165695, 0.007113536819815636, 0.003543418599292636, -0.0012453458039090037, 0.025585846975445747, -0.04522149637341499, 0.01579090766608715, 0.027462448924779892, ...
8f04d7b7fa50e61fe04141baf0c298b4c064fb8b
subsection
21
115
Equations of Motion
We may take the boundary condition, A_{\widehat{-}}(x^{\widehat{+}},x^{1},x^{2},+\infty )=-A_{\widehat{-}}(x^{\widehat{+}},x^{1},x^{2},-\infty ), which is consistent with the choice made by Kogut and Soper for the light-front QED . Then, the solution to Eq. (REF ) is found as&A_{\widehat{-}}(x^{\widehat{+}},x^1,x^2,x^{...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 231, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "J. Kogut and D. Soper, Phys. Rev. D 1, 2901(1970).", "source_ref_id": "a48737ebbb3545127af7ad1c054c551e0e21e667", "start": 0 } ] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.045923568308353424, -0.0004534189647529274, -0.04433684051036835, -0.016370760276913643, -0.031109021976590157, -0.002755795605480671, 0.04940216243267059, 0.039973337203264236, 0.05413183197379112, -0.005404792260378599, -0.01486031711101532, -0.0015733781037852168, -0.014311064966022968...
7343cb644b1f62782356db8fc924ffba60727964
subsection
22
115
Equations of Motion
(REF ) becomes\bar{\nabla }^{2}A^{\widehat{+}}\equiv \left(\dfrac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial (X^{i})^{2}}+\dfrac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial (X^{\widehat{-}})^{2}}\right)A^{\widehat{+}}=-eJ^{\widehat{+}}\mathbb {C}\quad (i=1,2),which has the solutionA^{\widehat{+}}&= e \int d^{2}\mathbf {X^{\prime }}^{\perp }dX^{\prime \wideh...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.012459935620427132, 0.046177301555871964, -0.05713411048054695, -0.025576060637831688, -0.015618792735040188, 0.005348692648112774, 0.003652905346825719, 0.057042550295591354, 0.02078436315059662, 0.020921705290675163, -0.02948266640305519, -0.009178997948765755, 0.003195099998265505, 0...
5d112c8861ad51a97ae1c26b0d113495794dc14a
subsection
23
115
Equations of Motion
In fact, the A_{\widehat{+}} component satisfies the following constraint equation without containing any time derivatives:\bar{\nabla }^{2}(A_{\widehat{+}}+\frac{\mathbb {S} A_{\widehat{-}}}{\mathbb {C}})=(\mathbb {C}\partial _{\perp }^{2}+\partial _{\widehat{-}}^{2})(A_{\widehat{+}}+\frac{\mathbb {S} A_{\widehat{-}}}...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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4b135ef40b06a826a9ec284dd933f4b2a1bf855a
subsection
24
115
Equations of Motion
Combining Eqs. (REF ) and (REF ), we thus get the LFD result&A^{-}(x^{+},x^{1},x^{2},x^{-})\\ =&-\frac{1}{2}\int dx^{\prime -} |x^{-}-x^{\prime -}|\left[ \partial _{-}{\partial }_{\perp }\cdot \mathbf {A}^{\perp }(x^{+},x^{1},x^{2},x^{\prime -})\right.\\ &\left.+eJ^{+}(x^{+},x^{1},x^{2},x^{\prime -})) \right],which was...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 407, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "J. Kogut and D. Soper, Phys. Rev. D 1, 2901(1970).", "source_ref_id": "a48737ebbb3545127af7ad1c054c551e0e21e667", "start": 0 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "en...
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.048179153352975845, 0.0360351987183094, -0.05800415948033333, -0.03083282709121704, -0.015553719364106655, -0.012327028438448906, 0.034479063004255295, 0.031916018575429916, 0.02938348613679409, 0.021709606051445007, -0.02733915112912655, 0.012990674003958702, -0.026591597124934196, 0.0...
fe778e036d87041f66107fa7fce184dc84ff1e8e
subsection
25
115
Equations of Motion
\\ &-\left.e\left( \gamma ^{\widehat{+}}A_{\widehat{+}}+\gamma ^{\widehat{-}}A_{\widehat{-}}+{\gamma }^{\perp }\cdot \mathbf {A}_{\perp }\right) -m\right] \psi =0,where the interpolating gamma matrices satisfy the usual Clifford algebra \lbrace \gamma ^{\widehat{\mu }},\gamma ^{\widehat{\nu }}\rbrace =2g^{\widehat{\mu ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.06481805443763733, -0.023864272981882095, -0.028930092230439186, -0.0038165291771292686, 0.021544983610510826, -0.07189799100160599, 0.009040653705596924, 0.03961103409528732, 0.01948508806526661, 0.025069694966077805, -0.027190623804926872, 0.028899574652314186, 0.005782966502010822, -...
271fbacca50bb6c4d2195cdbea72641870359530
subsection
26
115
Equations of Motion
\\ &\left.-e\left( \gamma ^{+}A_{+}+\gamma ^{-}A_{-}+{\gamma }^{\perp }\cdot \mathbf {A}_{\perp }\right) -m\right] \psi =0,and splitting \psi into \psi _+ = P_+ \psi and \psi _- = P_- \psi with the projection operators P_+=\frac{1}{2}\gamma ^-\gamma ^+ and P_-=\frac{1}{2}\gamma ^+\gamma ^- , i.e.\psi =\psi _++\psi _-=P...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 1593, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "J. Kogut and D. Soper, Phys. Rev. D 1, 2901(1970).", "source_ref_id": "a48737ebbb3545127af7ad1c054c551e0e21e667", "start": 1184 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", ...
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04143953695893288, 0.014509940519928932, -0.015455910004675388, 0.0007743212627246976, -0.027173716574907303, -0.04577268287539482, 0.012518828734755516, 0.055262885987758636, 0.05575112998485565, 0.04177520424127579, -0.0420803539454937, 0.019773799926042557, 0.003654185915365815, 0.01...
2e9fc12be4a209c279cf31ffafc68bc35a8ff659
subsection
27
115
Equations of Motion
(REF ) is obtained through the “interaction" part of the constraint field \psi _-.We may define\psi =\tilde{\psi }+\delta _{\mathbb {C} 0}\Upsilon .When \mathbb {C}\ne 0 , \psi =\tilde{\psi } is the free fermion field. When \mathbb {C}=0 , \psi can be split into \psi =\psi _++\psi _- , where only \psi _+=\tilde{\psi }_...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04876623675227165, -0.018996858969330788, -0.01026135589927435, 0.015716277062892914, 0.01037579495459795, -0.046233322471380234, 0.01802031323313713, 0.036559417843818665, 0.04315109923481941, 0.061430808156728745, -0.04873571917414665, 0.03857354447245598, -0.013511421158909798, 0.044...
b44e55b16a7d174e8c0fe99ac5eb18291ce7be50
subsection
28
115
Free Fields
The Fourier expansion of the free fermion field \psi (x) takes the form&\psi (x^{\widehat{+}},\mathbf {x}^{\perp },x^{\widehat{-}})=\int \frac{d^{2}\mathbf {p}_{\perp }dp_{\widehat{-}}}{(2\pi )^{3}(2p^{\widehat{+}})}\sum _{s=\pm 1/2} \left[ u^{(s)}e^{-ix^{\widehat{-}}p_{\widehat{-}}-i\mathbf {x}^{\perp }\cdot \mathbf {...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 926, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "Z. Li, M. An and C.-R. Ji, Phys. Red. D 92, 105014 (2015).", "source_ref_id": "da42ecb139ee46928686e8f82ed96ebbc5a9b93c", "start": 777 } ] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.035124123096466064, 0.00048253711429424584, -0.07561909407377243, 0.0010499473428353667, -0.013869604095816612, 0.00037739932304248214, 0.03442225232720375, 0.018889516592025757, 0.08599460124969482, 0.028273241594433784, -0.03756541758775711, 0.021269777789711952, -0.013877233490347862, ...
92a45811835d4500138ef88198a8304f7dcdce87
subsection
29
115
Free Fields
(REF ) and (), we find that b(\mathbf {p}_{\perp },p_{\widehat{-}};s;x^{\widehat{+}}) and d^{\dagger }(\mathbf {p}_{\perp },p_{\widehat{-}};s;x^{\widehat{+}}) satisfy the following differential equations:[i\gamma ^{\widehat{+}}\partial _{\widehat{+}}-\gamma ^{\widehat{+}}p_{\widehat{+}}]\,b(\mathbf {p}_{\perp },p_{\wid...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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60b9b6a03706236e7fcecb20f1d2635a48dd5d7e
subsection
30
115
Free Fields
\\ &\left. +v^{(s)}e^{ix^{\widehat{\mu }}p_{\widehat{\mu }}}\,d^{\dagger }(\mathbf {p}_{\perp },p_{\widehat{-}};s) \right].Following a similar procedure, we can also find the free photon field asA^{\widehat{\mu }}(x)=\int \frac{d^{2}\mathbf {p}_{\perp }dp_{\widehat{-}}}{(2\pi )^{3}2p^{\widehat{+}}}\sum _{\lambda =\pm }...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 679, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "C.-R. Ji, Z.Li and A.T. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. D 91:065020 (2015).", "source_ref_id": "c8aa8a471aa0c21d0e37acb239d74f5b487c7916", "start": 123 } ] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.018841465935111046, -0.03389938548207283, -0.04848435893654823, -0.0022655529901385307, 0.011510839685797691, -0.01772776059806347, 0.011976154521107674, 0.01301357988268137, 0.06584596633911133, -0.00265649426728487, -0.03634038195014, 0.013044092804193497, 0.005572344642132521, 0.0051...
ee23a4bda2dd20a613888943e0c420b893c52099
subsection
31
115
Energy-Momentum and Angular Momentum Tensors
Using Noether's theorem, the conserved energy-momentum tensor and angular momentum tensor can be written as{T^{\widehat{\mu }}}_{\widehat{\nu }}&=i\bar{\psi }\gamma ^{\widehat{\mu }}\partial _{\widehat{\nu }}\psi -F^{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\lambda }}\partial _{\widehat{\nu }}A_{\widehat{\lambda }}-{g^{\widehat{\mu }}}_...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.033181674778461456, 0.035135336220264435, -0.013851135969161987, 0.01320246048271656, 0.002674833871424198, -0.05106986314058304, -0.022924967110157013, 0.03693636506795883, 0.0063761016353964806, 0.023886533454060555, -0.014934806153178215, -0.004243102855980396, -0.025672299787402153, ...
dce770c64529c8796c2fcdbe53f4e32fcf53791d
subsection
32
115
Energy-Momentum and Angular Momentum Tensors
In particular, the kinematic generators which do not alter the interpolating time x^{\widehat{+}}, such as P_{1}, P_{2}, P_{\widehat{-}}, M_{12}, M_{2\widehat{-}}, M_{1\widehat{-}}, are provided by their corresponding densities given by&{T^{\widehat{+}}}_{i}=\; i\bar{\psi }\gamma ^{\widehat{+}}\partial _{i}\psi -\parti...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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13ed6e6d3d544bb9462488347a21b07516e98cf4
subsection
33
115
Energy-Momentum and Angular Momentum Tensors
(REF ) and (), and thus these operators involve only independent dynamical fields \psi and A^{j} (j=1,2).Finally, the most important operator of the theory is of course the interpolating Hamiltonian density:{T^{\widehat{+}}}_{\widehat{+}}&=\bar{\psi }\left(-i\gamma ^{j}\partial _{j}-i \gamma ^{\widehat{-}}\partial _{\w...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.036867011338472366, 0.011383605189621449, -0.027345068752765656, 0.027772335335612297, -0.001974201062694192, -0.040407221764326096, -0.02154644951224327, 0.01280274149030447, 0.02601749077439308, 0.035493653267621994, -0.06842371076345444, 0.016403989866375923, 0.00799599103629589, -0....
659b356b158fd390208e1b86bdc697fbfbe3c5a0
subsection
34
115
Old-fashioned Perturbation Theory
With Eqs. (REF ) - (REF ), as well as Eqs. (REF ) - (REF ), we can rewrite {T^{\widehat{+}}}_{\widehat{+}} in terms of the independent degrees of freedom A^{1}, A^{2}, \tilde{\psi }, and separate out the interaction part of the Hamiltonian density from the free part. The detailed derivation is given in Appendix . Eq.
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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14ffea9518e2503ea859dbdee4afcb474031314a
subsection
35
115
Old-fashioned Perturbation Theory
(REF ) becomes\mathcal {H}\equiv {T^{\widehat{+}}}_{\widehat{+}}= \mathcal {H}_{0}+\mathcal {V}with\mathcal {H}_{0}&=\bar{\tilde{\psi }}(-i\gamma ^{j}\partial _{j}-i\gamma ^{\widehat{-}}\partial _{\widehat{-}}+m)\tilde{\psi }\\ &+\dfrac{1}{4}\tilde{F}^{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\nu }}\tilde{F}_{\widehat{\mu }\widehat{\nu ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.005964228883385658, 0.03855570778250694, -0.023826388642191887, 0.009081806987524033, 0.013210595585405827, -0.00015191994316410273, 0.005979492329061031, 0.05302554368972778, 0.053788721561431885, 0.04704223573207855, -0.029748642817139626, -0.005136181600391865, 0.0044684018939733505, ...
581938fc3e83a4daba55fe8dfff3d26b7fdeb84b
subsection
36
115
Old-fashioned Perturbation Theory
The capital X^{\widehat{\mu }}\equiv (x^{\widehat{+}},\frac{x^1}{\sqrt{\mathbb {C}}},\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{\mathbb {C}}},x^{\widehat{-}}) is introduced previously above Eq. (REF ). Eq. (REF ) may be considered as a generalization of Eq. (4.58) in Ref. for the quantization interpolating between IFD and LFD.We can then calcul...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 305, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "J. Kogut and D. Soper, Phys. Rev. D 1, 2901(1970).", "source_ref_id": "a48737ebbb3545127af7ad1c054c551e0e21e667", "start": 178 } ] }
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.036017
1805.06599
Interpolating Quantum Electrodynamics between Instant and Front Forms
[ "Chueng-Ryong Ji", "Ziyue Li", "Bailing Ma", "Alfredo Takashi Suzuki" ]
[ "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.01134395506232977, 0.025769926607608795, -0.029858937487006187, -0.020841751247644424, -0.00047655863454565406, 0.0010108096757903695, 0.022016579285264015, 0.004813742823898792, 0.014418342150747776, 0.02242853306233883, -0.002355377422645688, -0.012732387520372868, -0.02421366050839424,...