texts stringlengths 40 104k | questions stringlengths 3 63 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|
The Slime People is a 1963 horror film directed by Robert Hutton, who also starred in the film. The film was featured on the first season of the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000, as well as the 1986 syndicated series The Canned Film Festival.The film was infamous for its extensive use of fog machines, with the fog becoming so thick towards the end that it is virtually impossible to see any of the actors.
Plot
The film concerns a race of subterranean reptile-men (dubbed "slime people", due to their slime-covered skin) who create a wall of "solidified fog" around Los Angeles using a strange organic-looking machine and proceed to invade the city after they are driven out of their subterranean homes by underground atomic tests. A pilot (portrayed by Hutton) lands in Los Angeles after some flight difficulties and finds the city almost deserted. He later encounters other survivors, including a Marine separated from his unit, and a scientist and his two daughters, and the group try their best to halt the further invasion of the slime people who are attempting to use the fog to not only isolate the city but also to lower the surface temperature enough to let them function at all hours of the day. Eventually, near the end of the film, the survivors find that while the slime people are otherwise immune to conventional weapons due to their body's ability to quickly seal wounds, the creatures can be killed with their own spear weapons as they are hollow and prevent the wounds they inflict from closing properly. They also realize the reason the plane from the beginning of the film was able to land was due to the chemical making the fog reacting with the salt from the ocean water thus preventing the section near the sea from solidifying. With these facts in mind, the survivors then attempt to escape the city using several buckets of a saltwater solution to try and make a hole through the fog wall, however, when this fails due to them not having enough of the solution the group instead opts to destroy the machine generating the fog. With the machine destroyed, the fog quickly disperses allowing the military to enter the city and causing the slime people to die off from the rapid rise in temperature.
Cast
Robert Hutton as Tom Gregory
Les Tremayne as Norman Tolliver
Robert Burton as Prof. Galbraith
Susan Hart as Lisa Galbraith
William Boyce as Cal Johnson
Judee Morton as Bonnie Galbraith
John Close as Vince Williams
Production
Filmed at the KTTV television studio, the film ran out of money after nine days of shooting; the cast completed the film without pay. Additional sequences were shot at San Fernando airport (closed 1985) in San Fernando, California, in Mandeville Canyon (showing damage after a wildfire) and in Agoura Hills, California. Joseph F. Robertson recalled that the filmmakers originally intended to feature dwarves as giant voles, who would serve as the advance guard of the invasion, but the sequence was so bad it was cut from the released film. Robertson stated that the film was shot for around $80,000 and featured eight costumes worn by stuntmen, each costume costing $600. In an interview with Hutton, he said that neither he nor the stuntmen were paid for their work in the film, and that the slime people costumes cost over half of the film's budget. Richard Arlen was the original choice to play Prof. Galbraith, but Robert Burton took the role. Burton died of cancer shortly after filming. The Slime People was the only film directed by Hutton, who later wrote the script for the 1975 horror/drama film Persecution.
Release
Home media
The film was first released on VHS by Video Gems in 1981, and later by Rhino Home Video on February 20, 1996.It was released on DVD in 2001, first by Tapeworm on January 16, 2001 as a double feature with Creature (1985), and then by Rhino on August 14. It was later released on DVD by VCI Video as a part of its two-disk Creepy Creature Double Feature collection alongside The Crawling Hand (1963).
Reception
Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film a BOMB, his lowest rating, stating that the film "talks itself to death".
On his website Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings, Dave Sindelar criticized the film's inconsistent tone, repetitive soundtrack, and lack of visibility due to the overabundance of fog.TV Guide gave the film a negative review, awarding it 1 out of 4 stars.Allmovie also panned The Slime People, calling it "cheap" and "inept", and further stated that the film only worked in short spurts. Graeme Clark from The Spinning Image awarded the film 4/10 stars, writing, "One thing you can say about The Slime People is that the money is all there up on the screen. It's just a pity there wasn't very much of it, because the cash evidently went on making the costumes for the titular monsters and the rest went on post-production mist effects." Reviewing VCI Video's release of the film, Glenn Erickson from DVD Talk called it "a prime example of a no-budget monster show hoping to find a place on a drive-in double bill".The Terror Trap awarded the film 3/4 stars, writing, "Quick and quirky, it’s among the last in the great double-bill creature feature era".
Notes
External links
The Slime People at IMDb
The Slime People at AllMovie
The Slime People at the TCM Movie Database
The Slime People at Rotten Tomatoes | director | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"Robert Hutton"
]
} |
The Slime People is a 1963 horror film directed by Robert Hutton, who also starred in the film. The film was featured on the first season of the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000, as well as the 1986 syndicated series The Canned Film Festival.The film was infamous for its extensive use of fog machines, with the fog becoming so thick towards the end that it is virtually impossible to see any of the actors.
Plot
The film concerns a race of subterranean reptile-men (dubbed "slime people", due to their slime-covered skin) who create a wall of "solidified fog" around Los Angeles using a strange organic-looking machine and proceed to invade the city after they are driven out of their subterranean homes by underground atomic tests. A pilot (portrayed by Hutton) lands in Los Angeles after some flight difficulties and finds the city almost deserted. He later encounters other survivors, including a Marine separated from his unit, and a scientist and his two daughters, and the group try their best to halt the further invasion of the slime people who are attempting to use the fog to not only isolate the city but also to lower the surface temperature enough to let them function at all hours of the day. Eventually, near the end of the film, the survivors find that while the slime people are otherwise immune to conventional weapons due to their body's ability to quickly seal wounds, the creatures can be killed with their own spear weapons as they are hollow and prevent the wounds they inflict from closing properly. They also realize the reason the plane from the beginning of the film was able to land was due to the chemical making the fog reacting with the salt from the ocean water thus preventing the section near the sea from solidifying. With these facts in mind, the survivors then attempt to escape the city using several buckets of a saltwater solution to try and make a hole through the fog wall, however, when this fails due to them not having enough of the solution the group instead opts to destroy the machine generating the fog. With the machine destroyed, the fog quickly disperses allowing the military to enter the city and causing the slime people to die off from the rapid rise in temperature.
Cast
Robert Hutton as Tom Gregory
Les Tremayne as Norman Tolliver
Robert Burton as Prof. Galbraith
Susan Hart as Lisa Galbraith
William Boyce as Cal Johnson
Judee Morton as Bonnie Galbraith
John Close as Vince Williams
Production
Filmed at the KTTV television studio, the film ran out of money after nine days of shooting; the cast completed the film without pay. Additional sequences were shot at San Fernando airport (closed 1985) in San Fernando, California, in Mandeville Canyon (showing damage after a wildfire) and in Agoura Hills, California. Joseph F. Robertson recalled that the filmmakers originally intended to feature dwarves as giant voles, who would serve as the advance guard of the invasion, but the sequence was so bad it was cut from the released film. Robertson stated that the film was shot for around $80,000 and featured eight costumes worn by stuntmen, each costume costing $600. In an interview with Hutton, he said that neither he nor the stuntmen were paid for their work in the film, and that the slime people costumes cost over half of the film's budget. Richard Arlen was the original choice to play Prof. Galbraith, but Robert Burton took the role. Burton died of cancer shortly after filming. The Slime People was the only film directed by Hutton, who later wrote the script for the 1975 horror/drama film Persecution.
Release
Home media
The film was first released on VHS by Video Gems in 1981, and later by Rhino Home Video on February 20, 1996.It was released on DVD in 2001, first by Tapeworm on January 16, 2001 as a double feature with Creature (1985), and then by Rhino on August 14. It was later released on DVD by VCI Video as a part of its two-disk Creepy Creature Double Feature collection alongside The Crawling Hand (1963).
Reception
Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film a BOMB, his lowest rating, stating that the film "talks itself to death".
On his website Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings, Dave Sindelar criticized the film's inconsistent tone, repetitive soundtrack, and lack of visibility due to the overabundance of fog.TV Guide gave the film a negative review, awarding it 1 out of 4 stars.Allmovie also panned The Slime People, calling it "cheap" and "inept", and further stated that the film only worked in short spurts. Graeme Clark from The Spinning Image awarded the film 4/10 stars, writing, "One thing you can say about The Slime People is that the money is all there up on the screen. It's just a pity there wasn't very much of it, because the cash evidently went on making the costumes for the titular monsters and the rest went on post-production mist effects." Reviewing VCI Video's release of the film, Glenn Erickson from DVD Talk called it "a prime example of a no-budget monster show hoping to find a place on a drive-in double bill".The Terror Trap awarded the film 3/4 stars, writing, "Quick and quirky, it’s among the last in the great double-bill creature feature era".
Notes
External links
The Slime People at IMDb
The Slime People at AllMovie
The Slime People at the TCM Movie Database
The Slime People at Rotten Tomatoes | genre | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"horror film"
]
} |
The Slime People is a 1963 horror film directed by Robert Hutton, who also starred in the film. The film was featured on the first season of the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000, as well as the 1986 syndicated series The Canned Film Festival.The film was infamous for its extensive use of fog machines, with the fog becoming so thick towards the end that it is virtually impossible to see any of the actors.
Plot
The film concerns a race of subterranean reptile-men (dubbed "slime people", due to their slime-covered skin) who create a wall of "solidified fog" around Los Angeles using a strange organic-looking machine and proceed to invade the city after they are driven out of their subterranean homes by underground atomic tests. A pilot (portrayed by Hutton) lands in Los Angeles after some flight difficulties and finds the city almost deserted. He later encounters other survivors, including a Marine separated from his unit, and a scientist and his two daughters, and the group try their best to halt the further invasion of the slime people who are attempting to use the fog to not only isolate the city but also to lower the surface temperature enough to let them function at all hours of the day. Eventually, near the end of the film, the survivors find that while the slime people are otherwise immune to conventional weapons due to their body's ability to quickly seal wounds, the creatures can be killed with their own spear weapons as they are hollow and prevent the wounds they inflict from closing properly. They also realize the reason the plane from the beginning of the film was able to land was due to the chemical making the fog reacting with the salt from the ocean water thus preventing the section near the sea from solidifying. With these facts in mind, the survivors then attempt to escape the city using several buckets of a saltwater solution to try and make a hole through the fog wall, however, when this fails due to them not having enough of the solution the group instead opts to destroy the machine generating the fog. With the machine destroyed, the fog quickly disperses allowing the military to enter the city and causing the slime people to die off from the rapid rise in temperature.
Cast
Robert Hutton as Tom Gregory
Les Tremayne as Norman Tolliver
Robert Burton as Prof. Galbraith
Susan Hart as Lisa Galbraith
William Boyce as Cal Johnson
Judee Morton as Bonnie Galbraith
John Close as Vince Williams
Production
Filmed at the KTTV television studio, the film ran out of money after nine days of shooting; the cast completed the film without pay. Additional sequences were shot at San Fernando airport (closed 1985) in San Fernando, California, in Mandeville Canyon (showing damage after a wildfire) and in Agoura Hills, California. Joseph F. Robertson recalled that the filmmakers originally intended to feature dwarves as giant voles, who would serve as the advance guard of the invasion, but the sequence was so bad it was cut from the released film. Robertson stated that the film was shot for around $80,000 and featured eight costumes worn by stuntmen, each costume costing $600. In an interview with Hutton, he said that neither he nor the stuntmen were paid for their work in the film, and that the slime people costumes cost over half of the film's budget. Richard Arlen was the original choice to play Prof. Galbraith, but Robert Burton took the role. Burton died of cancer shortly after filming. The Slime People was the only film directed by Hutton, who later wrote the script for the 1975 horror/drama film Persecution.
Release
Home media
The film was first released on VHS by Video Gems in 1981, and later by Rhino Home Video on February 20, 1996.It was released on DVD in 2001, first by Tapeworm on January 16, 2001 as a double feature with Creature (1985), and then by Rhino on August 14. It was later released on DVD by VCI Video as a part of its two-disk Creepy Creature Double Feature collection alongside The Crawling Hand (1963).
Reception
Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film a BOMB, his lowest rating, stating that the film "talks itself to death".
On his website Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings, Dave Sindelar criticized the film's inconsistent tone, repetitive soundtrack, and lack of visibility due to the overabundance of fog.TV Guide gave the film a negative review, awarding it 1 out of 4 stars.Allmovie also panned The Slime People, calling it "cheap" and "inept", and further stated that the film only worked in short spurts. Graeme Clark from The Spinning Image awarded the film 4/10 stars, writing, "One thing you can say about The Slime People is that the money is all there up on the screen. It's just a pity there wasn't very much of it, because the cash evidently went on making the costumes for the titular monsters and the rest went on post-production mist effects." Reviewing VCI Video's release of the film, Glenn Erickson from DVD Talk called it "a prime example of a no-budget monster show hoping to find a place on a drive-in double bill".The Terror Trap awarded the film 3/4 stars, writing, "Quick and quirky, it’s among the last in the great double-bill creature feature era".
Notes
External links
The Slime People at IMDb
The Slime People at AllMovie
The Slime People at the TCM Movie Database
The Slime People at Rotten Tomatoes | narrative location | {
"answer_start": [
581
],
"text": [
"Los Angeles"
]
} |
The Slime People is a 1963 horror film directed by Robert Hutton, who also starred in the film. The film was featured on the first season of the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000, as well as the 1986 syndicated series The Canned Film Festival.The film was infamous for its extensive use of fog machines, with the fog becoming so thick towards the end that it is virtually impossible to see any of the actors.
Plot
The film concerns a race of subterranean reptile-men (dubbed "slime people", due to their slime-covered skin) who create a wall of "solidified fog" around Los Angeles using a strange organic-looking machine and proceed to invade the city after they are driven out of their subterranean homes by underground atomic tests. A pilot (portrayed by Hutton) lands in Los Angeles after some flight difficulties and finds the city almost deserted. He later encounters other survivors, including a Marine separated from his unit, and a scientist and his two daughters, and the group try their best to halt the further invasion of the slime people who are attempting to use the fog to not only isolate the city but also to lower the surface temperature enough to let them function at all hours of the day. Eventually, near the end of the film, the survivors find that while the slime people are otherwise immune to conventional weapons due to their body's ability to quickly seal wounds, the creatures can be killed with their own spear weapons as they are hollow and prevent the wounds they inflict from closing properly. They also realize the reason the plane from the beginning of the film was able to land was due to the chemical making the fog reacting with the salt from the ocean water thus preventing the section near the sea from solidifying. With these facts in mind, the survivors then attempt to escape the city using several buckets of a saltwater solution to try and make a hole through the fog wall, however, when this fails due to them not having enough of the solution the group instead opts to destroy the machine generating the fog. With the machine destroyed, the fog quickly disperses allowing the military to enter the city and causing the slime people to die off from the rapid rise in temperature.
Cast
Robert Hutton as Tom Gregory
Les Tremayne as Norman Tolliver
Robert Burton as Prof. Galbraith
Susan Hart as Lisa Galbraith
William Boyce as Cal Johnson
Judee Morton as Bonnie Galbraith
John Close as Vince Williams
Production
Filmed at the KTTV television studio, the film ran out of money after nine days of shooting; the cast completed the film without pay. Additional sequences were shot at San Fernando airport (closed 1985) in San Fernando, California, in Mandeville Canyon (showing damage after a wildfire) and in Agoura Hills, California. Joseph F. Robertson recalled that the filmmakers originally intended to feature dwarves as giant voles, who would serve as the advance guard of the invasion, but the sequence was so bad it was cut from the released film. Robertson stated that the film was shot for around $80,000 and featured eight costumes worn by stuntmen, each costume costing $600. In an interview with Hutton, he said that neither he nor the stuntmen were paid for their work in the film, and that the slime people costumes cost over half of the film's budget. Richard Arlen was the original choice to play Prof. Galbraith, but Robert Burton took the role. Burton died of cancer shortly after filming. The Slime People was the only film directed by Hutton, who later wrote the script for the 1975 horror/drama film Persecution.
Release
Home media
The film was first released on VHS by Video Gems in 1981, and later by Rhino Home Video on February 20, 1996.It was released on DVD in 2001, first by Tapeworm on January 16, 2001 as a double feature with Creature (1985), and then by Rhino on August 14. It was later released on DVD by VCI Video as a part of its two-disk Creepy Creature Double Feature collection alongside The Crawling Hand (1963).
Reception
Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film a BOMB, his lowest rating, stating that the film "talks itself to death".
On his website Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings, Dave Sindelar criticized the film's inconsistent tone, repetitive soundtrack, and lack of visibility due to the overabundance of fog.TV Guide gave the film a negative review, awarding it 1 out of 4 stars.Allmovie also panned The Slime People, calling it "cheap" and "inept", and further stated that the film only worked in short spurts. Graeme Clark from The Spinning Image awarded the film 4/10 stars, writing, "One thing you can say about The Slime People is that the money is all there up on the screen. It's just a pity there wasn't very much of it, because the cash evidently went on making the costumes for the titular monsters and the rest went on post-production mist effects." Reviewing VCI Video's release of the film, Glenn Erickson from DVD Talk called it "a prime example of a no-budget monster show hoping to find a place on a drive-in double bill".The Terror Trap awarded the film 3/4 stars, writing, "Quick and quirky, it’s among the last in the great double-bill creature feature era".
Notes
External links
The Slime People at IMDb
The Slime People at AllMovie
The Slime People at the TCM Movie Database
The Slime People at Rotten Tomatoes | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Slime People"
]
} |
Jessica Mary Hand (née Pearce; born 1957) is a British diplomat who was the British Ambassador to Angola from 2018 to 2021. She was appointed as ambassador on 21 July 2017 and succeeded John Dennis in March the next year.
Consular career
Hand joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1985, beginning as a Desk Officer for India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and The Maldives. In 1986, she was moved to be Desk Officer for Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Hand was first posted abroad in 1987 to Senegal.She was recalled in 1990 to be the Head of Economic Sanctions in the UN Department of the FCO and in 1992, the Head of the South Africa Section of the Africa Department. Between 1994 and 1996, Hand was placed on a language training course, becoming proficient in Russian.In 1996, Hand was appointed the UK Ambassador to Belarus in Minsk. At age 38, she was the then youngest-ever British head of mission. She stayed in the post until 1999, when she was recalled to be the Deputy Head of the Non-Proliferation Department at the FCO.Hand was posted to Holland in 2002, to work at NATO JFC Brunssum as the UK Political Adviser and two years later was assigned to the Moscow consulate as Consul General and Director of Operations. In 2008, she was posted to Istanbul as Consul General and the Director of Trade and Investment, serving under David Reddaway. Hand stayed there until 2012, when she was recalled to work on various assignments at the FCO, including the Arms Trade Treaty.From 2014 until her appointment in July 2017 as UK Ambassador to Angola, Hand worked as the Head of the Arms Export Policy Department.Hand succeeded John Dennis in March 2018 as the Ambassador to Angola and the non-resident Ambassador to São Tomé and Príncipe. She presented her credentials to Angolan president João Lourenço on 28 June the same year. During her term she supported Lourenço's anti-corruption measures, increased economic ties, and facilitated an official visit by Prince Harry in 2019. She stayed in the post for four years, announcing she was leaving in November 2021. She was succeeded by Roger Stringer the next month.
Personal life
Pearce married Robert Hand, a retired defence attache of the US Army, and has three step-children.
== References == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"diplomat"
]
} |
Jessica Mary Hand (née Pearce; born 1957) is a British diplomat who was the British Ambassador to Angola from 2018 to 2021. She was appointed as ambassador on 21 July 2017 and succeeded John Dennis in March the next year.
Consular career
Hand joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1985, beginning as a Desk Officer for India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and The Maldives. In 1986, she was moved to be Desk Officer for Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Hand was first posted abroad in 1987 to Senegal.She was recalled in 1990 to be the Head of Economic Sanctions in the UN Department of the FCO and in 1992, the Head of the South Africa Section of the Africa Department. Between 1994 and 1996, Hand was placed on a language training course, becoming proficient in Russian.In 1996, Hand was appointed the UK Ambassador to Belarus in Minsk. At age 38, she was the then youngest-ever British head of mission. She stayed in the post until 1999, when she was recalled to be the Deputy Head of the Non-Proliferation Department at the FCO.Hand was posted to Holland in 2002, to work at NATO JFC Brunssum as the UK Political Adviser and two years later was assigned to the Moscow consulate as Consul General and Director of Operations. In 2008, she was posted to Istanbul as Consul General and the Director of Trade and Investment, serving under David Reddaway. Hand stayed there until 2012, when she was recalled to work on various assignments at the FCO, including the Arms Trade Treaty.From 2014 until her appointment in July 2017 as UK Ambassador to Angola, Hand worked as the Head of the Arms Export Policy Department.Hand succeeded John Dennis in March 2018 as the Ambassador to Angola and the non-resident Ambassador to São Tomé and Príncipe. She presented her credentials to Angolan president João Lourenço on 28 June the same year. During her term she supported Lourenço's anti-corruption measures, increased economic ties, and facilitated an official visit by Prince Harry in 2019. She stayed in the post for four years, announcing she was leaving in November 2021. She was succeeded by Roger Stringer the next month.
Personal life
Pearce married Robert Hand, a retired defence attache of the US Army, and has three step-children.
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"Hand"
]
} |
Jessica Mary Hand (née Pearce; born 1957) is a British diplomat who was the British Ambassador to Angola from 2018 to 2021. She was appointed as ambassador on 21 July 2017 and succeeded John Dennis in March the next year.
Consular career
Hand joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1985, beginning as a Desk Officer for India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and The Maldives. In 1986, she was moved to be Desk Officer for Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Hand was first posted abroad in 1987 to Senegal.She was recalled in 1990 to be the Head of Economic Sanctions in the UN Department of the FCO and in 1992, the Head of the South Africa Section of the Africa Department. Between 1994 and 1996, Hand was placed on a language training course, becoming proficient in Russian.In 1996, Hand was appointed the UK Ambassador to Belarus in Minsk. At age 38, she was the then youngest-ever British head of mission. She stayed in the post until 1999, when she was recalled to be the Deputy Head of the Non-Proliferation Department at the FCO.Hand was posted to Holland in 2002, to work at NATO JFC Brunssum as the UK Political Adviser and two years later was assigned to the Moscow consulate as Consul General and Director of Operations. In 2008, she was posted to Istanbul as Consul General and the Director of Trade and Investment, serving under David Reddaway. Hand stayed there until 2012, when she was recalled to work on various assignments at the FCO, including the Arms Trade Treaty.From 2014 until her appointment in July 2017 as UK Ambassador to Angola, Hand worked as the Head of the Arms Export Policy Department.Hand succeeded John Dennis in March 2018 as the Ambassador to Angola and the non-resident Ambassador to São Tomé and Príncipe. She presented her credentials to Angolan president João Lourenço on 28 June the same year. During her term she supported Lourenço's anti-corruption measures, increased economic ties, and facilitated an official visit by Prince Harry in 2019. She stayed in the post for four years, announcing she was leaving in November 2021. She was succeeded by Roger Stringer the next month.
Personal life
Pearce married Robert Hand, a retired defence attache of the US Army, and has three step-children.
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Jessica"
]
} |
Dest or DEST may refer to:
DEST, Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH or "German Earth & Stone Works Company" Inc, an SS owned company
Domestic Emergency Support Team, a rapidly deployable, interagency team of experts within the United States government
Higher Diploma of Technical Studies (France), a former Master's Degree school diploma issued by the French higher education establishment
NASDAQ symbol for Destination Maternity, a designer and retailer of maternity apparel
People with the surname Dest
King Dest (born 1984), Spanish rapper and songwriter
Sergiño Dest (born 2000), American soccer player | native label | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Dest"
]
} |
Dest or DEST may refer to:
DEST, Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH or "German Earth & Stone Works Company" Inc, an SS owned company
Domestic Emergency Support Team, a rapidly deployable, interagency team of experts within the United States government
Higher Diploma of Technical Studies (France), a former Master's Degree school diploma issued by the French higher education establishment
NASDAQ symbol for Destination Maternity, a designer and retailer of maternity apparel
People with the surname Dest
King Dest (born 1984), Spanish rapper and songwriter
Sergiño Dest (born 2000), American soccer player | Géopatronyme ID | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"DEST"
]
} |
Dest or DEST may refer to:
DEST, Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH or "German Earth & Stone Works Company" Inc, an SS owned company
Domestic Emergency Support Team, a rapidly deployable, interagency team of experts within the United States government
Higher Diploma of Technical Studies (France), a former Master's Degree school diploma issued by the French higher education establishment
NASDAQ symbol for Destination Maternity, a designer and retailer of maternity apparel
People with the surname Dest
King Dest (born 1984), Spanish rapper and songwriter
Sergiño Dest (born 2000), American soccer player | Geneanet family name ID | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"DEST"
]
} |
Wendy Mericle is an American television writer and producer. She is known for her work on the ABC dramedy Desperate Housewives and The CW's superhero series Arrow.
Life and career
From the age of seven on, Mericle grew up without a television, despite going on to become a television writer, executive producer and showrunner. She stated, "It is a very strange thing to be able to say to people I've never seen an entire episode of The Cosby Show, or that I have no idea [what they mean] when they make jokes about Family Ties. There's no baseline for me. But I do have a strong background in literature, in film, and that has served me well."Her career began on The WB's Grosse Pointe, as assistant to executive producer Robin Schiff. She then went on to write for the drama series Everwood, where she first worked with creator Greg Berlanti. She would go on to work on the series Jack & Bobby and Eli Stone, where she served as writer and story editor on the latter. She held positions on The WB/The CW's Smallville, CBS' Ghost Whisperer, and the ABC paranormal/dramedy Eastwick.In December 2014, Mericle sold her first project to FOX. The series would revolve around advanced female U.S. soldiers competing for a placement in the male-dominated Navy SEALs. The project was executive produced by Basil Iwanyk, for his studio Thunder Road, and Warner Bros. Ultimately it was not ordered to pilot.
In 2011, Mericle joined the ABC comedy series Desperate Housewives' eighth and final season, as an executive story editor. She later became a co-producer and writer of two episodes ("What's to Discuss, Old Friend" and "Lost My Power").
Mericle boarded the DC Comics produced CW series Arrow, as writer and producer. Marking her fourth collaboration with co-creator Greg Berlanti. She was promoted to co-executive producer with the start of the third season. In April 2015, it was announced Mericle would be promoted to co-showrunner for the series' fourth season, alongside Marc Guggenheim, a role Mericle stepped down from at the end of season six.She has stated that her favorite character to write for is John Diggle, saying, "I like that he's a strong voice with a strong point of view, and one that I think I agree with in a lot of ways. He also served in the military and has a very interesting world view I find intriguing. I like writing to that."In April 2018 it was announced that Mericle had signed a development deal with ABC Studios where she will develop new projects and work with the studio's Head of Drama Development, Nne Ebong.
References
External links
Wendy Mericle at IMDb | sex or gender | {
"answer_start": [
1180
],
"text": [
"female"
]
} |
Wendy Mericle is an American television writer and producer. She is known for her work on the ABC dramedy Desperate Housewives and The CW's superhero series Arrow.
Life and career
From the age of seven on, Mericle grew up without a television, despite going on to become a television writer, executive producer and showrunner. She stated, "It is a very strange thing to be able to say to people I've never seen an entire episode of The Cosby Show, or that I have no idea [what they mean] when they make jokes about Family Ties. There's no baseline for me. But I do have a strong background in literature, in film, and that has served me well."Her career began on The WB's Grosse Pointe, as assistant to executive producer Robin Schiff. She then went on to write for the drama series Everwood, where she first worked with creator Greg Berlanti. She would go on to work on the series Jack & Bobby and Eli Stone, where she served as writer and story editor on the latter. She held positions on The WB/The CW's Smallville, CBS' Ghost Whisperer, and the ABC paranormal/dramedy Eastwick.In December 2014, Mericle sold her first project to FOX. The series would revolve around advanced female U.S. soldiers competing for a placement in the male-dominated Navy SEALs. The project was executive produced by Basil Iwanyk, for his studio Thunder Road, and Warner Bros. Ultimately it was not ordered to pilot.
In 2011, Mericle joined the ABC comedy series Desperate Housewives' eighth and final season, as an executive story editor. She later became a co-producer and writer of two episodes ("What's to Discuss, Old Friend" and "Lost My Power").
Mericle boarded the DC Comics produced CW series Arrow, as writer and producer. Marking her fourth collaboration with co-creator Greg Berlanti. She was promoted to co-executive producer with the start of the third season. In April 2015, it was announced Mericle would be promoted to co-showrunner for the series' fourth season, alongside Marc Guggenheim, a role Mericle stepped down from at the end of season six.She has stated that her favorite character to write for is John Diggle, saying, "I like that he's a strong voice with a strong point of view, and one that I think I agree with in a lot of ways. He also served in the military and has a very interesting world view I find intriguing. I like writing to that."In April 2018 it was announced that Mericle had signed a development deal with ABC Studios where she will develop new projects and work with the studio's Head of Drama Development, Nne Ebong.
References
External links
Wendy Mericle at IMDb | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wendy"
]
} |
Pterocyclos is a genus of tropical land snails in the subfamily Cyclophorinae of the family Cyclophoridae.
Species
Taxa inquirenda
Pterocyclos liuanus Gredler, 1885
Pterocyclos microchilus Crosse, 1868Synonyms
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) Pearson, 1833: synonym of Spiraculum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted rank)
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) mastersi (W. T. Blanford, 1877): synonym of Spiraculum mastersi W. T. Blanford, 1877 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) mastersi Blanford, 1877: synonym of Spiraculum mastersi W. T. Blanford, 1877
Pterocyclos albersi L. Pfeiffer, 1847: synonym of Crossopoma albersi (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) (original combination)
Pterocyclos bathyschisma Möllendorff, 1898: synonym of Ptychopoma bathyschisma (Möllendorff, 1898) (original combination)
Pterocyclos biciliatum Mousson, 1849: synonym of Opisthoporus biciliatus (Mousson, 1849) (original combination)
Pterocyclos cambodjensis Morelet, 1875: synonym of Rhiostoma cambodjense (Morelet, 1875) (original combination)
Pterocyclos chinensis Möllendorff, 1874: synonym of Ptychopoma chinense (Möllendorff, 1874) (original combination)
Pterocyclos cycloteus Gredler, 1885: synonym of Ptychopoma cycloteum (Gredler, 1885) (original combination)
Pterocyclos danieli Morlet, 1886: synonym of Cyclotus danieli (Morlet, 1886) (junior synonym)
Pterocyclos gerlachi Möllendorff, 1882: synonym of Pterocyclus gerlachi Möllendorff, 1882 (incorrect spelling of genus name)
Pterocyclos hainanensis H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Cyclotus hainanensis (H. Adams, 1870) (original combination)
Pterocyclos hensanensis Gredler, 1886: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense hensanense (Gredler, 1886) (original combination and rank)
Pterocyclos hispidus (Pearson, 1833): synonym of Spiraculum hispidum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos incomptus (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850): synonym of Incidostoma incomptum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850) (superseded combination)
Pterocyclos labuanensis L. Pfeiffer, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus labuanensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos lienensis Gredler, 1882: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense lienense (Gredler, 1882) (original combination)
Pterocyclos liuanum Gredler, 1885: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense liuanum (Gredler, 1885) (original combination and rank)
Pterocyclos lowianus L. Pfeiffer, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus lowianus (L. Pfeiffer, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos marioni Ancey, 1898: synonym of Rhiostoma marioni (Ancey, 1898) (original combination)
Pterocyclos mindaiensis Bock, 1881: synonym of Cyclotus mindaiensis (Bock, 1881) (original combination)
Pterocyclos parva Pease, 1865: synonym of Garrettia parva (Pease, 1865) (original combination)
Pterocyclos parvus (Pearson, 1833): synonym of Spiraculum parvum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos regelspergeri (de Morgan, 1885): synonym of Spiraculum regelspergeri (de Morgan, 1885)
Pterocyclos spaleotes (Tomlin, 1931): synonym of Pterocyclos spelaeotes (Tomlin, 1931) (incorrect subsequent spelling)
Pterocyclos sumatranus E. von Martens, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus sumatranus (E. von Martens, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos tener Menke, 1857: synonym of Cyclotus tener (Menke, 1856) (original combination)
Pterocyclos tristis Blanford, 1869: synonym of Theobaldius tristis (Blanford, 1869)
Pterocyclos vanbuensis E. A. Smith, 1896: synonym of Scabrina vanbuensis (E. A. Smith, 1896) (original combination)
Pterocyclos wilsoni L. Pfeiffer, 1866: synonym of Ptychopoma wilsoni (L. Pfeiffer, 1866) (original combination)
References
External links
Benson, W. H. (1832). Account of a new genus of land snails, allied to the genus Cyclostoma, of Lamarck; with a description of a species found on the outlying rocks of the Rajmahal range of Hills. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1: 11-14, pl. 1
Fischer P. (1880-1887). Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paléontologie Conchyliologique. Paris, Savy pp. XXIV + 1369 + pl. 23.
Troschel, F. H. (1837). Steganotoma nov. gen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 3(1): 163-165, pl. 3, figs 12-13.
Adams, A. (1861). On the animal of Alycaeus and some other cyclophoroid genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (3) 7 (39): 196-197
Reeve, L. A. (1863). Monograph of the genus Pterocyclos. In: Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 14, pls. 1-5 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London Media related to Pterocyclos at Wikimedia Commons | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"genus"
]
} |
Pterocyclos is a genus of tropical land snails in the subfamily Cyclophorinae of the family Cyclophoridae.
Species
Taxa inquirenda
Pterocyclos liuanus Gredler, 1885
Pterocyclos microchilus Crosse, 1868Synonyms
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) Pearson, 1833: synonym of Spiraculum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted rank)
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) mastersi (W. T. Blanford, 1877): synonym of Spiraculum mastersi W. T. Blanford, 1877 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) mastersi Blanford, 1877: synonym of Spiraculum mastersi W. T. Blanford, 1877
Pterocyclos albersi L. Pfeiffer, 1847: synonym of Crossopoma albersi (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) (original combination)
Pterocyclos bathyschisma Möllendorff, 1898: synonym of Ptychopoma bathyschisma (Möllendorff, 1898) (original combination)
Pterocyclos biciliatum Mousson, 1849: synonym of Opisthoporus biciliatus (Mousson, 1849) (original combination)
Pterocyclos cambodjensis Morelet, 1875: synonym of Rhiostoma cambodjense (Morelet, 1875) (original combination)
Pterocyclos chinensis Möllendorff, 1874: synonym of Ptychopoma chinense (Möllendorff, 1874) (original combination)
Pterocyclos cycloteus Gredler, 1885: synonym of Ptychopoma cycloteum (Gredler, 1885) (original combination)
Pterocyclos danieli Morlet, 1886: synonym of Cyclotus danieli (Morlet, 1886) (junior synonym)
Pterocyclos gerlachi Möllendorff, 1882: synonym of Pterocyclus gerlachi Möllendorff, 1882 (incorrect spelling of genus name)
Pterocyclos hainanensis H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Cyclotus hainanensis (H. Adams, 1870) (original combination)
Pterocyclos hensanensis Gredler, 1886: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense hensanense (Gredler, 1886) (original combination and rank)
Pterocyclos hispidus (Pearson, 1833): synonym of Spiraculum hispidum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos incomptus (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850): synonym of Incidostoma incomptum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850) (superseded combination)
Pterocyclos labuanensis L. Pfeiffer, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus labuanensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos lienensis Gredler, 1882: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense lienense (Gredler, 1882) (original combination)
Pterocyclos liuanum Gredler, 1885: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense liuanum (Gredler, 1885) (original combination and rank)
Pterocyclos lowianus L. Pfeiffer, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus lowianus (L. Pfeiffer, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos marioni Ancey, 1898: synonym of Rhiostoma marioni (Ancey, 1898) (original combination)
Pterocyclos mindaiensis Bock, 1881: synonym of Cyclotus mindaiensis (Bock, 1881) (original combination)
Pterocyclos parva Pease, 1865: synonym of Garrettia parva (Pease, 1865) (original combination)
Pterocyclos parvus (Pearson, 1833): synonym of Spiraculum parvum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos regelspergeri (de Morgan, 1885): synonym of Spiraculum regelspergeri (de Morgan, 1885)
Pterocyclos spaleotes (Tomlin, 1931): synonym of Pterocyclos spelaeotes (Tomlin, 1931) (incorrect subsequent spelling)
Pterocyclos sumatranus E. von Martens, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus sumatranus (E. von Martens, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos tener Menke, 1857: synonym of Cyclotus tener (Menke, 1856) (original combination)
Pterocyclos tristis Blanford, 1869: synonym of Theobaldius tristis (Blanford, 1869)
Pterocyclos vanbuensis E. A. Smith, 1896: synonym of Scabrina vanbuensis (E. A. Smith, 1896) (original combination)
Pterocyclos wilsoni L. Pfeiffer, 1866: synonym of Ptychopoma wilsoni (L. Pfeiffer, 1866) (original combination)
References
External links
Benson, W. H. (1832). Account of a new genus of land snails, allied to the genus Cyclostoma, of Lamarck; with a description of a species found on the outlying rocks of the Rajmahal range of Hills. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1: 11-14, pl. 1
Fischer P. (1880-1887). Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paléontologie Conchyliologique. Paris, Savy pp. XXIV + 1369 + pl. 23.
Troschel, F. H. (1837). Steganotoma nov. gen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 3(1): 163-165, pl. 3, figs 12-13.
Adams, A. (1861). On the animal of Alycaeus and some other cyclophoroid genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (3) 7 (39): 196-197
Reeve, L. A. (1863). Monograph of the genus Pterocyclos. In: Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 14, pls. 1-5 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London Media related to Pterocyclos at Wikimedia Commons | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"Cyclophorinae"
]
} |
Pterocyclos is a genus of tropical land snails in the subfamily Cyclophorinae of the family Cyclophoridae.
Species
Taxa inquirenda
Pterocyclos liuanus Gredler, 1885
Pterocyclos microchilus Crosse, 1868Synonyms
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) Pearson, 1833: synonym of Spiraculum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted rank)
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) mastersi (W. T. Blanford, 1877): synonym of Spiraculum mastersi W. T. Blanford, 1877 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) mastersi Blanford, 1877: synonym of Spiraculum mastersi W. T. Blanford, 1877
Pterocyclos albersi L. Pfeiffer, 1847: synonym of Crossopoma albersi (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) (original combination)
Pterocyclos bathyschisma Möllendorff, 1898: synonym of Ptychopoma bathyschisma (Möllendorff, 1898) (original combination)
Pterocyclos biciliatum Mousson, 1849: synonym of Opisthoporus biciliatus (Mousson, 1849) (original combination)
Pterocyclos cambodjensis Morelet, 1875: synonym of Rhiostoma cambodjense (Morelet, 1875) (original combination)
Pterocyclos chinensis Möllendorff, 1874: synonym of Ptychopoma chinense (Möllendorff, 1874) (original combination)
Pterocyclos cycloteus Gredler, 1885: synonym of Ptychopoma cycloteum (Gredler, 1885) (original combination)
Pterocyclos danieli Morlet, 1886: synonym of Cyclotus danieli (Morlet, 1886) (junior synonym)
Pterocyclos gerlachi Möllendorff, 1882: synonym of Pterocyclus gerlachi Möllendorff, 1882 (incorrect spelling of genus name)
Pterocyclos hainanensis H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Cyclotus hainanensis (H. Adams, 1870) (original combination)
Pterocyclos hensanensis Gredler, 1886: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense hensanense (Gredler, 1886) (original combination and rank)
Pterocyclos hispidus (Pearson, 1833): synonym of Spiraculum hispidum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos incomptus (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850): synonym of Incidostoma incomptum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850) (superseded combination)
Pterocyclos labuanensis L. Pfeiffer, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus labuanensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos lienensis Gredler, 1882: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense lienense (Gredler, 1882) (original combination)
Pterocyclos liuanum Gredler, 1885: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense liuanum (Gredler, 1885) (original combination and rank)
Pterocyclos lowianus L. Pfeiffer, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus lowianus (L. Pfeiffer, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos marioni Ancey, 1898: synonym of Rhiostoma marioni (Ancey, 1898) (original combination)
Pterocyclos mindaiensis Bock, 1881: synonym of Cyclotus mindaiensis (Bock, 1881) (original combination)
Pterocyclos parva Pease, 1865: synonym of Garrettia parva (Pease, 1865) (original combination)
Pterocyclos parvus (Pearson, 1833): synonym of Spiraculum parvum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos regelspergeri (de Morgan, 1885): synonym of Spiraculum regelspergeri (de Morgan, 1885)
Pterocyclos spaleotes (Tomlin, 1931): synonym of Pterocyclos spelaeotes (Tomlin, 1931) (incorrect subsequent spelling)
Pterocyclos sumatranus E. von Martens, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus sumatranus (E. von Martens, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos tener Menke, 1857: synonym of Cyclotus tener (Menke, 1856) (original combination)
Pterocyclos tristis Blanford, 1869: synonym of Theobaldius tristis (Blanford, 1869)
Pterocyclos vanbuensis E. A. Smith, 1896: synonym of Scabrina vanbuensis (E. A. Smith, 1896) (original combination)
Pterocyclos wilsoni L. Pfeiffer, 1866: synonym of Ptychopoma wilsoni (L. Pfeiffer, 1866) (original combination)
References
External links
Benson, W. H. (1832). Account of a new genus of land snails, allied to the genus Cyclostoma, of Lamarck; with a description of a species found on the outlying rocks of the Rajmahal range of Hills. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1: 11-14, pl. 1
Fischer P. (1880-1887). Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paléontologie Conchyliologique. Paris, Savy pp. XXIV + 1369 + pl. 23.
Troschel, F. H. (1837). Steganotoma nov. gen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 3(1): 163-165, pl. 3, figs 12-13.
Adams, A. (1861). On the animal of Alycaeus and some other cyclophoroid genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (3) 7 (39): 196-197
Reeve, L. A. (1863). Monograph of the genus Pterocyclos. In: Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 14, pls. 1-5 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London Media related to Pterocyclos at Wikimedia Commons | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pterocyclos"
]
} |
Pterocyclos is a genus of tropical land snails in the subfamily Cyclophorinae of the family Cyclophoridae.
Species
Taxa inquirenda
Pterocyclos liuanus Gredler, 1885
Pterocyclos microchilus Crosse, 1868Synonyms
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) Pearson, 1833: synonym of Spiraculum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted rank)
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) mastersi (W. T. Blanford, 1877): synonym of Spiraculum mastersi W. T. Blanford, 1877 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) mastersi Blanford, 1877: synonym of Spiraculum mastersi W. T. Blanford, 1877
Pterocyclos albersi L. Pfeiffer, 1847: synonym of Crossopoma albersi (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) (original combination)
Pterocyclos bathyschisma Möllendorff, 1898: synonym of Ptychopoma bathyschisma (Möllendorff, 1898) (original combination)
Pterocyclos biciliatum Mousson, 1849: synonym of Opisthoporus biciliatus (Mousson, 1849) (original combination)
Pterocyclos cambodjensis Morelet, 1875: synonym of Rhiostoma cambodjense (Morelet, 1875) (original combination)
Pterocyclos chinensis Möllendorff, 1874: synonym of Ptychopoma chinense (Möllendorff, 1874) (original combination)
Pterocyclos cycloteus Gredler, 1885: synonym of Ptychopoma cycloteum (Gredler, 1885) (original combination)
Pterocyclos danieli Morlet, 1886: synonym of Cyclotus danieli (Morlet, 1886) (junior synonym)
Pterocyclos gerlachi Möllendorff, 1882: synonym of Pterocyclus gerlachi Möllendorff, 1882 (incorrect spelling of genus name)
Pterocyclos hainanensis H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Cyclotus hainanensis (H. Adams, 1870) (original combination)
Pterocyclos hensanensis Gredler, 1886: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense hensanense (Gredler, 1886) (original combination and rank)
Pterocyclos hispidus (Pearson, 1833): synonym of Spiraculum hispidum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos incomptus (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850): synonym of Incidostoma incomptum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850) (superseded combination)
Pterocyclos labuanensis L. Pfeiffer, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus labuanensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos lienensis Gredler, 1882: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense lienense (Gredler, 1882) (original combination)
Pterocyclos liuanum Gredler, 1885: synonym of Ptychopoma lienense liuanum (Gredler, 1885) (original combination and rank)
Pterocyclos lowianus L. Pfeiffer, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus lowianus (L. Pfeiffer, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos marioni Ancey, 1898: synonym of Rhiostoma marioni (Ancey, 1898) (original combination)
Pterocyclos mindaiensis Bock, 1881: synonym of Cyclotus mindaiensis (Bock, 1881) (original combination)
Pterocyclos parva Pease, 1865: synonym of Garrettia parva (Pease, 1865) (original combination)
Pterocyclos parvus (Pearson, 1833): synonym of Spiraculum parvum Pearson, 1833 (unaccepted combination)
Pterocyclos regelspergeri (de Morgan, 1885): synonym of Spiraculum regelspergeri (de Morgan, 1885)
Pterocyclos spaleotes (Tomlin, 1931): synonym of Pterocyclos spelaeotes (Tomlin, 1931) (incorrect subsequent spelling)
Pterocyclos sumatranus E. von Martens, 1864: synonym of Cyclotus sumatranus (E. von Martens, 1864) (original combination)
Pterocyclos tener Menke, 1857: synonym of Cyclotus tener (Menke, 1856) (original combination)
Pterocyclos tristis Blanford, 1869: synonym of Theobaldius tristis (Blanford, 1869)
Pterocyclos vanbuensis E. A. Smith, 1896: synonym of Scabrina vanbuensis (E. A. Smith, 1896) (original combination)
Pterocyclos wilsoni L. Pfeiffer, 1866: synonym of Ptychopoma wilsoni (L. Pfeiffer, 1866) (original combination)
References
External links
Benson, W. H. (1832). Account of a new genus of land snails, allied to the genus Cyclostoma, of Lamarck; with a description of a species found on the outlying rocks of the Rajmahal range of Hills. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1: 11-14, pl. 1
Fischer P. (1880-1887). Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paléontologie Conchyliologique. Paris, Savy pp. XXIV + 1369 + pl. 23.
Troschel, F. H. (1837). Steganotoma nov. gen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 3(1): 163-165, pl. 3, figs 12-13.
Adams, A. (1861). On the animal of Alycaeus and some other cyclophoroid genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (3) 7 (39): 196-197
Reeve, L. A. (1863). Monograph of the genus Pterocyclos. In: Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 14, pls. 1-5 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London Media related to Pterocyclos at Wikimedia Commons | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pterocyclos"
]
} |
Juan Fuentes Alcazaren (December 27, 1891 – February 1, 1959) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, legislator, and politician. He was Member of the House of Representatives for the old 4th legislative district of Cebu (1925–1934), Director of Bureau of Lands (1945), and Undersecretary of Department of Foreign Affairs (1958–1959).
Early life
Juan F. Alcazaren, the son of Leocadio Alcazaren and Calixta Fuentes, was born in Argao, Cebu on December 27, 1891. He studied at the University of the Philippines and became a lawyer on September 24, 1921. On December 27, 1922, he married Corazon Maria de los Nieves L. Albaracin, who was the daughter of then municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Argao, Don Lorenzo Albaracin, and Candelaria.
Career
Practicing law, he once worked with the University of Manila.
Congressman
In 1925, he ran and won as representative of Cebu's old 4th congressional district in the 7th Philippine Legislature. Campaigning under the Nacionalista Party, his other party members such as Pedro Rodriguez for the Senate seat, Arsenio Climaco for governor, representatives Manuel Briones, Paulino Gullas, Mariano Jesus Cuenco, and Paulino Ybanez also won. Alcazaren was elected for two more terms: in 1928 for the 8th Philippine Legislature and in 1931 to 1934 for the 9th Philippine Legislature.
Bureau of Lands
On December 22, 1945, he was appointed by then President Sergio Osmeña as the Director of the Bureau of Lands, ad interim.
Department of Foreign Affairs
On March 19, 1958, he was later appointed by then President Carlos P. Garcia as undersecretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs. He served in the said position until his demise in early 1959 Fructuoso Cabahug was appointed undersecretary to replace him on June 1, 1959.
Later years
Alcazaren died on February 1, 1959, in Quezon City. He was 67. A resolution was filed in the House of Representatives in extending condolences for his passing.
Historical commemoration
The Juan Alcazaren Street located in Barangay Poblacion, Argao, Cebu was named in his honor.
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"Argao"
]
} |
Juan Fuentes Alcazaren (December 27, 1891 – February 1, 1959) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, legislator, and politician. He was Member of the House of Representatives for the old 4th legislative district of Cebu (1925–1934), Director of Bureau of Lands (1945), and Undersecretary of Department of Foreign Affairs (1958–1959).
Early life
Juan F. Alcazaren, the son of Leocadio Alcazaren and Calixta Fuentes, was born in Argao, Cebu on December 27, 1891. He studied at the University of the Philippines and became a lawyer on September 24, 1921. On December 27, 1922, he married Corazon Maria de los Nieves L. Albaracin, who was the daughter of then municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Argao, Don Lorenzo Albaracin, and Candelaria.
Career
Practicing law, he once worked with the University of Manila.
Congressman
In 1925, he ran and won as representative of Cebu's old 4th congressional district in the 7th Philippine Legislature. Campaigning under the Nacionalista Party, his other party members such as Pedro Rodriguez for the Senate seat, Arsenio Climaco for governor, representatives Manuel Briones, Paulino Gullas, Mariano Jesus Cuenco, and Paulino Ybanez also won. Alcazaren was elected for two more terms: in 1928 for the 8th Philippine Legislature and in 1931 to 1934 for the 9th Philippine Legislature.
Bureau of Lands
On December 22, 1945, he was appointed by then President Sergio Osmeña as the Director of the Bureau of Lands, ad interim.
Department of Foreign Affairs
On March 19, 1958, he was later appointed by then President Carlos P. Garcia as undersecretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs. He served in the said position until his demise in early 1959 Fructuoso Cabahug was appointed undersecretary to replace him on June 1, 1959.
Later years
Alcazaren died on February 1, 1959, in Quezon City. He was 67. A resolution was filed in the House of Representatives in extending condolences for his passing.
Historical commemoration
The Juan Alcazaren Street located in Barangay Poblacion, Argao, Cebu was named in his honor.
== References == | educated at | {
"answer_start": [
472
],
"text": [
"University of the Philippines"
]
} |
Juan Fuentes Alcazaren (December 27, 1891 – February 1, 1959) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, legislator, and politician. He was Member of the House of Representatives for the old 4th legislative district of Cebu (1925–1934), Director of Bureau of Lands (1945), and Undersecretary of Department of Foreign Affairs (1958–1959).
Early life
Juan F. Alcazaren, the son of Leocadio Alcazaren and Calixta Fuentes, was born in Argao, Cebu on December 27, 1891. He studied at the University of the Philippines and became a lawyer on September 24, 1921. On December 27, 1922, he married Corazon Maria de los Nieves L. Albaracin, who was the daughter of then municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Argao, Don Lorenzo Albaracin, and Candelaria.
Career
Practicing law, he once worked with the University of Manila.
Congressman
In 1925, he ran and won as representative of Cebu's old 4th congressional district in the 7th Philippine Legislature. Campaigning under the Nacionalista Party, his other party members such as Pedro Rodriguez for the Senate seat, Arsenio Climaco for governor, representatives Manuel Briones, Paulino Gullas, Mariano Jesus Cuenco, and Paulino Ybanez also won. Alcazaren was elected for two more terms: in 1928 for the 8th Philippine Legislature and in 1931 to 1934 for the 9th Philippine Legislature.
Bureau of Lands
On December 22, 1945, he was appointed by then President Sergio Osmeña as the Director of the Bureau of Lands, ad interim.
Department of Foreign Affairs
On March 19, 1958, he was later appointed by then President Carlos P. Garcia as undersecretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs. He served in the said position until his demise in early 1959 Fructuoso Cabahug was appointed undersecretary to replace him on June 1, 1959.
Later years
Alcazaren died on February 1, 1959, in Quezon City. He was 67. A resolution was filed in the House of Representatives in extending condolences for his passing.
Historical commemoration
The Juan Alcazaren Street located in Barangay Poblacion, Argao, Cebu was named in his honor.
== References == | member of political party | {
"answer_start": [
963
],
"text": [
"Nacionalista Party"
]
} |
Juan Fuentes Alcazaren (December 27, 1891 – February 1, 1959) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, legislator, and politician. He was Member of the House of Representatives for the old 4th legislative district of Cebu (1925–1934), Director of Bureau of Lands (1945), and Undersecretary of Department of Foreign Affairs (1958–1959).
Early life
Juan F. Alcazaren, the son of Leocadio Alcazaren and Calixta Fuentes, was born in Argao, Cebu on December 27, 1891. He studied at the University of the Philippines and became a lawyer on September 24, 1921. On December 27, 1922, he married Corazon Maria de los Nieves L. Albaracin, who was the daughter of then municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Argao, Don Lorenzo Albaracin, and Candelaria.
Career
Practicing law, he once worked with the University of Manila.
Congressman
In 1925, he ran and won as representative of Cebu's old 4th congressional district in the 7th Philippine Legislature. Campaigning under the Nacionalista Party, his other party members such as Pedro Rodriguez for the Senate seat, Arsenio Climaco for governor, representatives Manuel Briones, Paulino Gullas, Mariano Jesus Cuenco, and Paulino Ybanez also won. Alcazaren was elected for two more terms: in 1928 for the 8th Philippine Legislature and in 1931 to 1934 for the 9th Philippine Legislature.
Bureau of Lands
On December 22, 1945, he was appointed by then President Sergio Osmeña as the Director of the Bureau of Lands, ad interim.
Department of Foreign Affairs
On March 19, 1958, he was later appointed by then President Carlos P. Garcia as undersecretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs. He served in the said position until his demise in early 1959 Fructuoso Cabahug was appointed undersecretary to replace him on June 1, 1959.
Later years
Alcazaren died on February 1, 1959, in Quezon City. He was 67. A resolution was filed in the House of Representatives in extending condolences for his passing.
Historical commemoration
The Juan Alcazaren Street located in Barangay Poblacion, Argao, Cebu was named in his honor.
== References == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"lawyer"
]
} |
Juan Fuentes Alcazaren (December 27, 1891 – February 1, 1959) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, legislator, and politician. He was Member of the House of Representatives for the old 4th legislative district of Cebu (1925–1934), Director of Bureau of Lands (1945), and Undersecretary of Department of Foreign Affairs (1958–1959).
Early life
Juan F. Alcazaren, the son of Leocadio Alcazaren and Calixta Fuentes, was born in Argao, Cebu on December 27, 1891. He studied at the University of the Philippines and became a lawyer on September 24, 1921. On December 27, 1922, he married Corazon Maria de los Nieves L. Albaracin, who was the daughter of then municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Argao, Don Lorenzo Albaracin, and Candelaria.
Career
Practicing law, he once worked with the University of Manila.
Congressman
In 1925, he ran and won as representative of Cebu's old 4th congressional district in the 7th Philippine Legislature. Campaigning under the Nacionalista Party, his other party members such as Pedro Rodriguez for the Senate seat, Arsenio Climaco for governor, representatives Manuel Briones, Paulino Gullas, Mariano Jesus Cuenco, and Paulino Ybanez also won. Alcazaren was elected for two more terms: in 1928 for the 8th Philippine Legislature and in 1931 to 1934 for the 9th Philippine Legislature.
Bureau of Lands
On December 22, 1945, he was appointed by then President Sergio Osmeña as the Director of the Bureau of Lands, ad interim.
Department of Foreign Affairs
On March 19, 1958, he was later appointed by then President Carlos P. Garcia as undersecretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs. He served in the said position until his demise in early 1959 Fructuoso Cabahug was appointed undersecretary to replace him on June 1, 1959.
Later years
Alcazaren died on February 1, 1959, in Quezon City. He was 67. A resolution was filed in the House of Representatives in extending condolences for his passing.
Historical commemoration
The Juan Alcazaren Street located in Barangay Poblacion, Argao, Cebu was named in his honor.
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Juan"
]
} |
Navsegda! (Cyrillic: НАВСЕГДА! Translated: Forever!) is the debut album from Russian group Nichya.
Track listing
"Можно любить" (Mozhno Lyubit) (You Can Love)
"Снег" (Sneg) (Snow)
"Ничья" (Nichya) (No One's)
"Один-один" (Odin-Odin) (One to One)
"Никому, Никогда" (Nikomu, Nikoda) (For No one, Never)
"Ты где-то рядом " (Ty Gde-to Ryadom) (You're Somewhere Near)
"Всё время" (Vsyo Vremya) (All the Time)
"Начинай меня" (Nachinay Menya) (Begin With Me)
"Нет" (Niet) (No)
"Навсегда" (Navsegda)(Forever)
"Никому, Никогда"(Globass Club Mix)
"Ничья" (Globass Chillout Mix) | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"album"
]
} |
Navsegda! (Cyrillic: НАВСЕГДА! Translated: Forever!) is the debut album from Russian group Nichya.
Track listing
"Можно любить" (Mozhno Lyubit) (You Can Love)
"Снег" (Sneg) (Snow)
"Ничья" (Nichya) (No One's)
"Один-один" (Odin-Odin) (One to One)
"Никому, Никогда" (Nikomu, Nikoda) (For No one, Never)
"Ты где-то рядом " (Ty Gde-to Ryadom) (You're Somewhere Near)
"Всё время" (Vsyo Vremya) (All the Time)
"Начинай меня" (Nachinay Menya) (Begin With Me)
"Нет" (Niet) (No)
"Навсегда" (Navsegda)(Forever)
"Никому, Никогда"(Globass Club Mix)
"Ничья" (Globass Chillout Mix) | performer | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"Nichya"
]
} |
Pyrausta ferrifusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1893. It is found in Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
== References == | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pyrausta"
]
} |
Pyrausta ferrifusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1893. It is found in Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
== References == | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pyrausta ferrifusalis"
]
} |
The United States Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) develops, acquires, fields and sustains aviation, missile and unmanned aerial vehicles. AMCOM is primarily responsible for lifecycle management of army missile, helicopter, unmanned ground vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle weapon system. The central part of AMCOM's mission involves ensuring readiness through acquisition and sustainment support for aviation systems, missile systems, and test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment (TMDE) throughout their life cycle. The command is headquartered at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, has a 2019 "budget of more $3.7 billion, and a global workforce of more than 15,000 military and civilian employees".AMCOM works closely with The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center (AvMC) which operates simulation facilities to evaluate missile components, such as seekers, in a variety of flights and countermeasures environments. AMCOM also has access to several wind tunnels to test full-size helicopters, a vertical motion simulator for flight control evaluation and a crash-testing tower used to improve safety.
AMCOM's Test, Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment Activity provides worldwide command and control over a broad metrology and calibration program. AMCOM is also the leader in foreign military sales, accounting for over 50 percent of total army sales to Allied forces and friendly foreign nations. AMCOM's main organizations are organized into "centers":
Acquisition Center – responsible for contracting support.
AMCOM Logistics Center (ALC) – responsible for logistics support.
LCMC
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command is an LCMC. Thus it has an associated contracting center. This LCMC Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command was formerly Aviation and Missile Command (1997).
This LCMC "purchases about $1 billion worth of aircraft and missile parts each year."
Chronology
The U.S. Army Missile Command was formally established on 23 May 1962 at Redstone Arsenal to manage the army's missile systems.
October 1948: The Chief of Ordnance designates Redstone Arsenal as the center for ordnance research and development in the field of rockets.
1 June 1949: The Chief of Ordnance officially activates the arsenal as the site of the Ordnance Rocket Center.
28 October 1949: The Secretary of the Army approves the transfer of the Ordnance Research and Development Division Sub-Office (Rocket) at Fort Bliss, Texas, to Redstone Arsenal as the Ordnance Guided Missile Center.
1 February 1956: The U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) established at Redstone Arsenal.
March, 1958: Organizations placed under the new Army Ordnance Missile Command (AOMC) include the ABMA, Redstone Arsenal, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, White Sands Proving Grounds and the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency (ARGMA)
1958: ABMA's scientific and engineering staff (Wernher von Braun et al.) transferred to the newly created NASA Marshall Space Flight Center at the southern half of Redstone Arsenal
1958: The Pershing Project Manager's Office was created.
23 May 1962: U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) officially established;, fully staffed and operational on 1 August 1962.
28 February 1964: The U.S. Army Aviation and Surface Material Command redesignated as the U.S. Army Aviation Materiel Command (AVCOM).
23 September 1968: AVCOM redesignated the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command (AVSCOM).
1 July 1977: AVSCOM discontinued and its readiness mission combined with that of the U.S. Army Troop Support Command (TROSCOM) to form the U.S. Army Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command (TSARCOM). AVSCOM's aviation research and development mission assigned to the newly established U.S. Army Aviation Research and Development Command (AVRADCOM).
1 March 1984: AVSCOM reestablished and all missions and activities of AVRADCOM and the aviation related missions and activities of the Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command transferred to AVSCOM.
1 October 1992: Army Aviation and Troop Command established, consolidating the existing missions of AVSCOM and TROSCOM less those missions and organizations transferred to other commands.
8 September 1995: Congress approves the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission list, disestablishing ATCOM and transfers its mission and organizations to Redstone Arsenal to merge with the Army Missile Command to form AMCOM.
17 July 1997: Army Aviation and Missile Command is provisionally established.
1 October 1997: AMCOM formally established at Redstone Arsenal with the merger of the U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) at Redstone Arsenal and the U.S. Army Aviation and Troop Command (ATCOM) at St. Louis, Missouri
List of commanding generals
Major General James R. Myles,
Major General James E. Rogers, 10 September 2010
Major General Lynn A. Collyar, 1 June 2012
Major General James M. Richardson, 12 June 2014
Major General Douglas Gabram, 18 February 2016
William Marriott, 14 February 2019 (acting)
Major General K. Todd Royar, 10 June 2019
Major General Thomas W. O'Connor Jr., 12 August 2022
See also
Anti-aircraft warfare
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)
References
External links
Official site | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
535
],
"text": [
"command"
]
} |
The United States Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) develops, acquires, fields and sustains aviation, missile and unmanned aerial vehicles. AMCOM is primarily responsible for lifecycle management of army missile, helicopter, unmanned ground vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle weapon system. The central part of AMCOM's mission involves ensuring readiness through acquisition and sustainment support for aviation systems, missile systems, and test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment (TMDE) throughout their life cycle. The command is headquartered at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, has a 2019 "budget of more $3.7 billion, and a global workforce of more than 15,000 military and civilian employees".AMCOM works closely with The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center (AvMC) which operates simulation facilities to evaluate missile components, such as seekers, in a variety of flights and countermeasures environments. AMCOM also has access to several wind tunnels to test full-size helicopters, a vertical motion simulator for flight control evaluation and a crash-testing tower used to improve safety.
AMCOM's Test, Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment Activity provides worldwide command and control over a broad metrology and calibration program. AMCOM is also the leader in foreign military sales, accounting for over 50 percent of total army sales to Allied forces and friendly foreign nations. AMCOM's main organizations are organized into "centers":
Acquisition Center – responsible for contracting support.
AMCOM Logistics Center (ALC) – responsible for logistics support.
LCMC
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command is an LCMC. Thus it has an associated contracting center. This LCMC Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command was formerly Aviation and Missile Command (1997).
This LCMC "purchases about $1 billion worth of aircraft and missile parts each year."
Chronology
The U.S. Army Missile Command was formally established on 23 May 1962 at Redstone Arsenal to manage the army's missile systems.
October 1948: The Chief of Ordnance designates Redstone Arsenal as the center for ordnance research and development in the field of rockets.
1 June 1949: The Chief of Ordnance officially activates the arsenal as the site of the Ordnance Rocket Center.
28 October 1949: The Secretary of the Army approves the transfer of the Ordnance Research and Development Division Sub-Office (Rocket) at Fort Bliss, Texas, to Redstone Arsenal as the Ordnance Guided Missile Center.
1 February 1956: The U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) established at Redstone Arsenal.
March, 1958: Organizations placed under the new Army Ordnance Missile Command (AOMC) include the ABMA, Redstone Arsenal, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, White Sands Proving Grounds and the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency (ARGMA)
1958: ABMA's scientific and engineering staff (Wernher von Braun et al.) transferred to the newly created NASA Marshall Space Flight Center at the southern half of Redstone Arsenal
1958: The Pershing Project Manager's Office was created.
23 May 1962: U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) officially established;, fully staffed and operational on 1 August 1962.
28 February 1964: The U.S. Army Aviation and Surface Material Command redesignated as the U.S. Army Aviation Materiel Command (AVCOM).
23 September 1968: AVCOM redesignated the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command (AVSCOM).
1 July 1977: AVSCOM discontinued and its readiness mission combined with that of the U.S. Army Troop Support Command (TROSCOM) to form the U.S. Army Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command (TSARCOM). AVSCOM's aviation research and development mission assigned to the newly established U.S. Army Aviation Research and Development Command (AVRADCOM).
1 March 1984: AVSCOM reestablished and all missions and activities of AVRADCOM and the aviation related missions and activities of the Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command transferred to AVSCOM.
1 October 1992: Army Aviation and Troop Command established, consolidating the existing missions of AVSCOM and TROSCOM less those missions and organizations transferred to other commands.
8 September 1995: Congress approves the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission list, disestablishing ATCOM and transfers its mission and organizations to Redstone Arsenal to merge with the Army Missile Command to form AMCOM.
17 July 1997: Army Aviation and Missile Command is provisionally established.
1 October 1997: AMCOM formally established at Redstone Arsenal with the merger of the U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) at Redstone Arsenal and the U.S. Army Aviation and Troop Command (ATCOM) at St. Louis, Missouri
List of commanding generals
Major General James R. Myles,
Major General James E. Rogers, 10 September 2010
Major General Lynn A. Collyar, 1 June 2012
Major General James M. Richardson, 12 June 2014
Major General Douglas Gabram, 18 February 2016
William Marriott, 14 February 2019 (acting)
Major General K. Todd Royar, 10 June 2019
Major General Thomas W. O'Connor Jr., 12 August 2022
See also
Anti-aircraft warfare
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)
References
External links
Official site | headquarters location | {
"answer_start": [
563
],
"text": [
"Redstone Arsenal"
]
} |
The United States Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) develops, acquires, fields and sustains aviation, missile and unmanned aerial vehicles. AMCOM is primarily responsible for lifecycle management of army missile, helicopter, unmanned ground vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle weapon system. The central part of AMCOM's mission involves ensuring readiness through acquisition and sustainment support for aviation systems, missile systems, and test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment (TMDE) throughout their life cycle. The command is headquartered at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, has a 2019 "budget of more $3.7 billion, and a global workforce of more than 15,000 military and civilian employees".AMCOM works closely with The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center (AvMC) which operates simulation facilities to evaluate missile components, such as seekers, in a variety of flights and countermeasures environments. AMCOM also has access to several wind tunnels to test full-size helicopters, a vertical motion simulator for flight control evaluation and a crash-testing tower used to improve safety.
AMCOM's Test, Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment Activity provides worldwide command and control over a broad metrology and calibration program. AMCOM is also the leader in foreign military sales, accounting for over 50 percent of total army sales to Allied forces and friendly foreign nations. AMCOM's main organizations are organized into "centers":
Acquisition Center – responsible for contracting support.
AMCOM Logistics Center (ALC) – responsible for logistics support.
LCMC
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command is an LCMC. Thus it has an associated contracting center. This LCMC Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command was formerly Aviation and Missile Command (1997).
This LCMC "purchases about $1 billion worth of aircraft and missile parts each year."
Chronology
The U.S. Army Missile Command was formally established on 23 May 1962 at Redstone Arsenal to manage the army's missile systems.
October 1948: The Chief of Ordnance designates Redstone Arsenal as the center for ordnance research and development in the field of rockets.
1 June 1949: The Chief of Ordnance officially activates the arsenal as the site of the Ordnance Rocket Center.
28 October 1949: The Secretary of the Army approves the transfer of the Ordnance Research and Development Division Sub-Office (Rocket) at Fort Bliss, Texas, to Redstone Arsenal as the Ordnance Guided Missile Center.
1 February 1956: The U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) established at Redstone Arsenal.
March, 1958: Organizations placed under the new Army Ordnance Missile Command (AOMC) include the ABMA, Redstone Arsenal, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, White Sands Proving Grounds and the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency (ARGMA)
1958: ABMA's scientific and engineering staff (Wernher von Braun et al.) transferred to the newly created NASA Marshall Space Flight Center at the southern half of Redstone Arsenal
1958: The Pershing Project Manager's Office was created.
23 May 1962: U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) officially established;, fully staffed and operational on 1 August 1962.
28 February 1964: The U.S. Army Aviation and Surface Material Command redesignated as the U.S. Army Aviation Materiel Command (AVCOM).
23 September 1968: AVCOM redesignated the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command (AVSCOM).
1 July 1977: AVSCOM discontinued and its readiness mission combined with that of the U.S. Army Troop Support Command (TROSCOM) to form the U.S. Army Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command (TSARCOM). AVSCOM's aviation research and development mission assigned to the newly established U.S. Army Aviation Research and Development Command (AVRADCOM).
1 March 1984: AVSCOM reestablished and all missions and activities of AVRADCOM and the aviation related missions and activities of the Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command transferred to AVSCOM.
1 October 1992: Army Aviation and Troop Command established, consolidating the existing missions of AVSCOM and TROSCOM less those missions and organizations transferred to other commands.
8 September 1995: Congress approves the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission list, disestablishing ATCOM and transfers its mission and organizations to Redstone Arsenal to merge with the Army Missile Command to form AMCOM.
17 July 1997: Army Aviation and Missile Command is provisionally established.
1 October 1997: AMCOM formally established at Redstone Arsenal with the merger of the U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) at Redstone Arsenal and the U.S. Army Aviation and Troop Command (ATCOM) at St. Louis, Missouri
List of commanding generals
Major General James R. Myles,
Major General James E. Rogers, 10 September 2010
Major General Lynn A. Collyar, 1 June 2012
Major General James M. Richardson, 12 June 2014
Major General Douglas Gabram, 18 February 2016
William Marriott, 14 February 2019 (acting)
Major General K. Todd Royar, 10 June 2019
Major General Thomas W. O'Connor Jr., 12 August 2022
See also
Anti-aircraft warfare
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)
References
External links
Official site | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"United States Army Aviation and Missile Command"
]
} |
The United States Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) develops, acquires, fields and sustains aviation, missile and unmanned aerial vehicles. AMCOM is primarily responsible for lifecycle management of army missile, helicopter, unmanned ground vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle weapon system. The central part of AMCOM's mission involves ensuring readiness through acquisition and sustainment support for aviation systems, missile systems, and test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment (TMDE) throughout their life cycle. The command is headquartered at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, has a 2019 "budget of more $3.7 billion, and a global workforce of more than 15,000 military and civilian employees".AMCOM works closely with The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center (AvMC) which operates simulation facilities to evaluate missile components, such as seekers, in a variety of flights and countermeasures environments. AMCOM also has access to several wind tunnels to test full-size helicopters, a vertical motion simulator for flight control evaluation and a crash-testing tower used to improve safety.
AMCOM's Test, Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment Activity provides worldwide command and control over a broad metrology and calibration program. AMCOM is also the leader in foreign military sales, accounting for over 50 percent of total army sales to Allied forces and friendly foreign nations. AMCOM's main organizations are organized into "centers":
Acquisition Center – responsible for contracting support.
AMCOM Logistics Center (ALC) – responsible for logistics support.
LCMC
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command is an LCMC. Thus it has an associated contracting center. This LCMC Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command was formerly Aviation and Missile Command (1997).
This LCMC "purchases about $1 billion worth of aircraft and missile parts each year."
Chronology
The U.S. Army Missile Command was formally established on 23 May 1962 at Redstone Arsenal to manage the army's missile systems.
October 1948: The Chief of Ordnance designates Redstone Arsenal as the center for ordnance research and development in the field of rockets.
1 June 1949: The Chief of Ordnance officially activates the arsenal as the site of the Ordnance Rocket Center.
28 October 1949: The Secretary of the Army approves the transfer of the Ordnance Research and Development Division Sub-Office (Rocket) at Fort Bliss, Texas, to Redstone Arsenal as the Ordnance Guided Missile Center.
1 February 1956: The U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) established at Redstone Arsenal.
March, 1958: Organizations placed under the new Army Ordnance Missile Command (AOMC) include the ABMA, Redstone Arsenal, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, White Sands Proving Grounds and the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency (ARGMA)
1958: ABMA's scientific and engineering staff (Wernher von Braun et al.) transferred to the newly created NASA Marshall Space Flight Center at the southern half of Redstone Arsenal
1958: The Pershing Project Manager's Office was created.
23 May 1962: U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) officially established;, fully staffed and operational on 1 August 1962.
28 February 1964: The U.S. Army Aviation and Surface Material Command redesignated as the U.S. Army Aviation Materiel Command (AVCOM).
23 September 1968: AVCOM redesignated the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command (AVSCOM).
1 July 1977: AVSCOM discontinued and its readiness mission combined with that of the U.S. Army Troop Support Command (TROSCOM) to form the U.S. Army Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command (TSARCOM). AVSCOM's aviation research and development mission assigned to the newly established U.S. Army Aviation Research and Development Command (AVRADCOM).
1 March 1984: AVSCOM reestablished and all missions and activities of AVRADCOM and the aviation related missions and activities of the Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command transferred to AVSCOM.
1 October 1992: Army Aviation and Troop Command established, consolidating the existing missions of AVSCOM and TROSCOM less those missions and organizations transferred to other commands.
8 September 1995: Congress approves the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission list, disestablishing ATCOM and transfers its mission and organizations to Redstone Arsenal to merge with the Army Missile Command to form AMCOM.
17 July 1997: Army Aviation and Missile Command is provisionally established.
1 October 1997: AMCOM formally established at Redstone Arsenal with the merger of the U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) at Redstone Arsenal and the U.S. Army Aviation and Troop Command (ATCOM) at St. Louis, Missouri
List of commanding generals
Major General James R. Myles,
Major General James E. Rogers, 10 September 2010
Major General Lynn A. Collyar, 1 June 2012
Major General James M. Richardson, 12 June 2014
Major General Douglas Gabram, 18 February 2016
William Marriott, 14 February 2019 (acting)
Major General K. Todd Royar, 10 June 2019
Major General Thomas W. O'Connor Jr., 12 August 2022
See also
Anti-aircraft warfare
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)
References
External links
Official site | short name | {
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"AMCOM"
]
} |
Bocus is a genus of Southeast Asian jumping spiders that was first described by George Peckham & Elizabeth Peckham in 1892. As of June 2019, it contains only three species, which are found only in the Philippines and Indonesia: B. angusticollis, B. excelsus, and B. philippinensis. They are indistinguishable from the related genus Myrmarachne without the help of a microscope.
References
External links
Salticidae.org: Diagnostic drawings and photographs with mimicked ant species | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"genus"
]
} |
Bocus is a genus of Southeast Asian jumping spiders that was first described by George Peckham & Elizabeth Peckham in 1892. As of June 2019, it contains only three species, which are found only in the Philippines and Indonesia: B. angusticollis, B. excelsus, and B. philippinensis. They are indistinguishable from the related genus Myrmarachne without the help of a microscope.
References
External links
Salticidae.org: Diagnostic drawings and photographs with mimicked ant species | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
405
],
"text": [
"Salticidae"
]
} |
Bocus is a genus of Southeast Asian jumping spiders that was first described by George Peckham & Elizabeth Peckham in 1892. As of June 2019, it contains only three species, which are found only in the Philippines and Indonesia: B. angusticollis, B. excelsus, and B. philippinensis. They are indistinguishable from the related genus Myrmarachne without the help of a microscope.
References
External links
Salticidae.org: Diagnostic drawings and photographs with mimicked ant species | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bocus"
]
} |
Bocus is a genus of Southeast Asian jumping spiders that was first described by George Peckham & Elizabeth Peckham in 1892. As of June 2019, it contains only three species, which are found only in the Philippines and Indonesia: B. angusticollis, B. excelsus, and B. philippinensis. They are indistinguishable from the related genus Myrmarachne without the help of a microscope.
References
External links
Salticidae.org: Diagnostic drawings and photographs with mimicked ant species | ADW taxon ID | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bocus"
]
} |
Luis Iván Marulanda Gómez (born June 4, 1946) is s Colombian politician and economist. He was elected senator for the Colombian Green Party for the 2018–2022 term. He was previously a member of Colombian Liberal Party, where he was elected senator for four years (1986-1990). Liberals nominated him for Vice President of Colombia in the 2006 presidential election.Marulanda was born in Pereira, Risaralda, and graduated with an economics degree from the University of Antioquia. He served as the Mayor of Pereira in 1974 and then became the general secretary at the Ministry of Economic Development. During this period he became involved directly with Luis Carlos Galan and his New Liberalism movement.
As part of New Liberalism, he was the campaign director of the movement in Antioquia and was elected city councillor of Medellin, the second largest city in Colombia and the capital of Antioquia. In his role as campaign director for Antioquia, he was the person who warned Galan that Pablo Escobar wanted to infiltrate the movement to become a politician. This led to Luis Carlos Galan denouncing Escobar on the stage and denying Escobar membership of the movement.In 1986, he was elected Senator alongside Luis Carlos Galan. In 1987, the New Liberalism movement decided to rejoin the Liberal Party. Marulanda was elected a member of the Constituent assembly in 1991, charged with drafting the Colombian Constitution of 1991 after president Cesar Gaviria and Congress decided to dissolve the Constitution of 1886.After the new constitution was drafted and the constituent assembly dissolved, Marulanda was appointed by Cesar Gaviria as an ambassador to the United Nations in 1991. He also held the diplomatic post of Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture between 1992 and 1994.In 2002, he became part of the National Council of the Liberal Party and in 2006 he was chosen as the Liberal nominee for vice president, running alongside Horacio Serpa. They finished third, behind incumbent president Alvaro Uribe and the newly formed left wing party Alternative Democratic Pole. He was a candidate for president in the 2010 election but lost out on Liberal Party nomination to former Defence Minister and Senator Rafael Pardo.
Marulanda served as an adviser to Sergio Fajardo during his tenure as governor of Antioquia from 2012 to 2016.
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"Pereira"
]
} |
Luis Iván Marulanda Gómez (born June 4, 1946) is s Colombian politician and economist. He was elected senator for the Colombian Green Party for the 2018–2022 term. He was previously a member of Colombian Liberal Party, where he was elected senator for four years (1986-1990). Liberals nominated him for Vice President of Colombia in the 2006 presidential election.Marulanda was born in Pereira, Risaralda, and graduated with an economics degree from the University of Antioquia. He served as the Mayor of Pereira in 1974 and then became the general secretary at the Ministry of Economic Development. During this period he became involved directly with Luis Carlos Galan and his New Liberalism movement.
As part of New Liberalism, he was the campaign director of the movement in Antioquia and was elected city councillor of Medellin, the second largest city in Colombia and the capital of Antioquia. In his role as campaign director for Antioquia, he was the person who warned Galan that Pablo Escobar wanted to infiltrate the movement to become a politician. This led to Luis Carlos Galan denouncing Escobar on the stage and denying Escobar membership of the movement.In 1986, he was elected Senator alongside Luis Carlos Galan. In 1987, the New Liberalism movement decided to rejoin the Liberal Party. Marulanda was elected a member of the Constituent assembly in 1991, charged with drafting the Colombian Constitution of 1991 after president Cesar Gaviria and Congress decided to dissolve the Constitution of 1886.After the new constitution was drafted and the constituent assembly dissolved, Marulanda was appointed by Cesar Gaviria as an ambassador to the United Nations in 1991. He also held the diplomatic post of Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture between 1992 and 1994.In 2002, he became part of the National Council of the Liberal Party and in 2006 he was chosen as the Liberal nominee for vice president, running alongside Horacio Serpa. They finished third, behind incumbent president Alvaro Uribe and the newly formed left wing party Alternative Democratic Pole. He was a candidate for president in the 2010 election but lost out on Liberal Party nomination to former Defence Minister and Senator Rafael Pardo.
Marulanda served as an adviser to Sergio Fajardo during his tenure as governor of Antioquia from 2012 to 2016.
== References == | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"Colombia"
]
} |
Luis Iván Marulanda Gómez (born June 4, 1946) is s Colombian politician and economist. He was elected senator for the Colombian Green Party for the 2018–2022 term. He was previously a member of Colombian Liberal Party, where he was elected senator for four years (1986-1990). Liberals nominated him for Vice President of Colombia in the 2006 presidential election.Marulanda was born in Pereira, Risaralda, and graduated with an economics degree from the University of Antioquia. He served as the Mayor of Pereira in 1974 and then became the general secretary at the Ministry of Economic Development. During this period he became involved directly with Luis Carlos Galan and his New Liberalism movement.
As part of New Liberalism, he was the campaign director of the movement in Antioquia and was elected city councillor of Medellin, the second largest city in Colombia and the capital of Antioquia. In his role as campaign director for Antioquia, he was the person who warned Galan that Pablo Escobar wanted to infiltrate the movement to become a politician. This led to Luis Carlos Galan denouncing Escobar on the stage and denying Escobar membership of the movement.In 1986, he was elected Senator alongside Luis Carlos Galan. In 1987, the New Liberalism movement decided to rejoin the Liberal Party. Marulanda was elected a member of the Constituent assembly in 1991, charged with drafting the Colombian Constitution of 1991 after president Cesar Gaviria and Congress decided to dissolve the Constitution of 1886.After the new constitution was drafted and the constituent assembly dissolved, Marulanda was appointed by Cesar Gaviria as an ambassador to the United Nations in 1991. He also held the diplomatic post of Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture between 1992 and 1994.In 2002, he became part of the National Council of the Liberal Party and in 2006 he was chosen as the Liberal nominee for vice president, running alongside Horacio Serpa. They finished third, behind incumbent president Alvaro Uribe and the newly formed left wing party Alternative Democratic Pole. He was a candidate for president in the 2010 election but lost out on Liberal Party nomination to former Defence Minister and Senator Rafael Pardo.
Marulanda served as an adviser to Sergio Fajardo during his tenure as governor of Antioquia from 2012 to 2016.
== References == | member of political party | {
"answer_start": [
194
],
"text": [
"Colombian Liberal Party"
]
} |
Luis Iván Marulanda Gómez (born June 4, 1946) is s Colombian politician and economist. He was elected senator for the Colombian Green Party for the 2018–2022 term. He was previously a member of Colombian Liberal Party, where he was elected senator for four years (1986-1990). Liberals nominated him for Vice President of Colombia in the 2006 presidential election.Marulanda was born in Pereira, Risaralda, and graduated with an economics degree from the University of Antioquia. He served as the Mayor of Pereira in 1974 and then became the general secretary at the Ministry of Economic Development. During this period he became involved directly with Luis Carlos Galan and his New Liberalism movement.
As part of New Liberalism, he was the campaign director of the movement in Antioquia and was elected city councillor of Medellin, the second largest city in Colombia and the capital of Antioquia. In his role as campaign director for Antioquia, he was the person who warned Galan that Pablo Escobar wanted to infiltrate the movement to become a politician. This led to Luis Carlos Galan denouncing Escobar on the stage and denying Escobar membership of the movement.In 1986, he was elected Senator alongside Luis Carlos Galan. In 1987, the New Liberalism movement decided to rejoin the Liberal Party. Marulanda was elected a member of the Constituent assembly in 1991, charged with drafting the Colombian Constitution of 1991 after president Cesar Gaviria and Congress decided to dissolve the Constitution of 1886.After the new constitution was drafted and the constituent assembly dissolved, Marulanda was appointed by Cesar Gaviria as an ambassador to the United Nations in 1991. He also held the diplomatic post of Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture between 1992 and 1994.In 2002, he became part of the National Council of the Liberal Party and in 2006 he was chosen as the Liberal nominee for vice president, running alongside Horacio Serpa. They finished third, behind incumbent president Alvaro Uribe and the newly formed left wing party Alternative Democratic Pole. He was a candidate for president in the 2010 election but lost out on Liberal Party nomination to former Defence Minister and Senator Rafael Pardo.
Marulanda served as an adviser to Sergio Fajardo during his tenure as governor of Antioquia from 2012 to 2016.
== References == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
} |
Luis Iván Marulanda Gómez (born June 4, 1946) is s Colombian politician and economist. He was elected senator for the Colombian Green Party for the 2018–2022 term. He was previously a member of Colombian Liberal Party, where he was elected senator for four years (1986-1990). Liberals nominated him for Vice President of Colombia in the 2006 presidential election.Marulanda was born in Pereira, Risaralda, and graduated with an economics degree from the University of Antioquia. He served as the Mayor of Pereira in 1974 and then became the general secretary at the Ministry of Economic Development. During this period he became involved directly with Luis Carlos Galan and his New Liberalism movement.
As part of New Liberalism, he was the campaign director of the movement in Antioquia and was elected city councillor of Medellin, the second largest city in Colombia and the capital of Antioquia. In his role as campaign director for Antioquia, he was the person who warned Galan that Pablo Escobar wanted to infiltrate the movement to become a politician. This led to Luis Carlos Galan denouncing Escobar on the stage and denying Escobar membership of the movement.In 1986, he was elected Senator alongside Luis Carlos Galan. In 1987, the New Liberalism movement decided to rejoin the Liberal Party. Marulanda was elected a member of the Constituent assembly in 1991, charged with drafting the Colombian Constitution of 1991 after president Cesar Gaviria and Congress decided to dissolve the Constitution of 1886.After the new constitution was drafted and the constituent assembly dissolved, Marulanda was appointed by Cesar Gaviria as an ambassador to the United Nations in 1991. He also held the diplomatic post of Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture between 1992 and 1994.In 2002, he became part of the National Council of the Liberal Party and in 2006 he was chosen as the Liberal nominee for vice president, running alongside Horacio Serpa. They finished third, behind incumbent president Alvaro Uribe and the newly formed left wing party Alternative Democratic Pole. He was a candidate for president in the 2010 election but lost out on Liberal Party nomination to former Defence Minister and Senator Rafael Pardo.
Marulanda served as an adviser to Sergio Fajardo during his tenure as governor of Antioquia from 2012 to 2016.
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"Iván"
]
} |
Lesnoy Gorodok (Russian: Лесной Городок) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Odintsovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: 7,231 (2010 Census); 5,098 (2002 Census); 4,297 (1989 Census).
== References == | official name | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"Лесной Городок"
]
} |
Lesnoy Gorodok (Russian: Лесной Городок) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Odintsovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: 7,231 (2010 Census); 5,098 (2002 Census); 4,297 (1989 Census).
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
} |
Lesnoy Gorodok (Russian: Лесной Городок) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Odintsovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: 7,231 (2010 Census); 5,098 (2002 Census); 4,297 (1989 Census).
== References == | named after | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Lesnoy Gorodok"
]
} |
Lesnoy Gorodok (Russian: Лесной Городок) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Odintsovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: 7,231 (2010 Census); 5,098 (2002 Census); 4,297 (1989 Census).
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Lesnoy Gorodok"
]
} |
Connection may refer to:
Mathematics
Connection (algebraic framework)
Connection (mathematics), a way of specifying a derivative of a geometrical object along a vector field on a manifold
Connection (affine bundle)
Connection (composite bundle)
Connection (fibred manifold)
Connection (principal bundle), gives the derivative of a section of a principal bundle
Connection (vector bundle), differentiates a section of a vector bundle along a vector field
Cartan connection, achieved by identifying tangent spaces with the tangent space of a certain model Klein geometry
Ehresmann connection, gives a manner for differentiating sections of a general fibre bundle
Electrical connection, allows the flow of electrons
Galois connection, a type of correspondence between two partially ordered sets
Affine connection, a geometric object on a smooth manifold which connects nearby tangent spaces
Levi-Civita connection, used in differential geometry and general relativity; differentiates a vector field along another vector field
Music
Connection (The Green Children album), 2013
Connection (Don Ellis album), 1972
Connection (Up10tion album), 2021
Connection (EP), a 2000 split EP by Home Grown and Limbeck
Connection, a 2019 EP by Seyong
"Connection" (Elastica song) (1994)
"Connection" (OneRepublic song) (2018)
"Connection" (Rolling Stones song) (1967)
"Connection", a 1976 song by Can from Unlimited Edition
"Connection", a song by Avail from Satiate
Other uses
Connection (film), a 2017 Konkani film in Goa
Connection (dance), a means of communication between the lead and the follow
Layover or connection, a transfer from one means of transport to another
See also
Connected sum
Connectedness
Connecting (TV series)
Connections (disambiguation)
Connexion (disambiguation)
Contiguity (disambiguation)
Database connection
Disconnection (disambiguation)
Link (disambiguation)
PC Connection, a Fortune 1000, National Technology Solutions Provider, based in Merrimack, New Hampshire
Rapport
Six degrees of separation
Telecommunication circuit, the complete path between two terminals
The Connection (disambiguation)
Virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit | performer | {
"answer_start": [
1180
],
"text": [
"Home Grown"
]
} |
Connection may refer to:
Mathematics
Connection (algebraic framework)
Connection (mathematics), a way of specifying a derivative of a geometrical object along a vector field on a manifold
Connection (affine bundle)
Connection (composite bundle)
Connection (fibred manifold)
Connection (principal bundle), gives the derivative of a section of a principal bundle
Connection (vector bundle), differentiates a section of a vector bundle along a vector field
Cartan connection, achieved by identifying tangent spaces with the tangent space of a certain model Klein geometry
Ehresmann connection, gives a manner for differentiating sections of a general fibre bundle
Electrical connection, allows the flow of electrons
Galois connection, a type of correspondence between two partially ordered sets
Affine connection, a geometric object on a smooth manifold which connects nearby tangent spaces
Levi-Civita connection, used in differential geometry and general relativity; differentiates a vector field along another vector field
Music
Connection (The Green Children album), 2013
Connection (Don Ellis album), 1972
Connection (Up10tion album), 2021
Connection (EP), a 2000 split EP by Home Grown and Limbeck
Connection, a 2019 EP by Seyong
"Connection" (Elastica song) (1994)
"Connection" (OneRepublic song) (2018)
"Connection" (Rolling Stones song) (1967)
"Connection", a 1976 song by Can from Unlimited Edition
"Connection", a song by Avail from Satiate
Other uses
Connection (film), a 2017 Konkani film in Goa
Connection (dance), a means of communication between the lead and the follow
Layover or connection, a transfer from one means of transport to another
See also
Connected sum
Connectedness
Connecting (TV series)
Connections (disambiguation)
Connexion (disambiguation)
Contiguity (disambiguation)
Database connection
Disconnection (disambiguation)
Link (disambiguation)
PC Connection, a Fortune 1000, National Technology Solutions Provider, based in Merrimack, New Hampshire
Rapport
Six degrees of separation
Telecommunication circuit, the complete path between two terminals
The Connection (disambiguation)
Virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit | form of creative work | {
"answer_start": [
1258
],
"text": [
"song"
]
} |
Connection may refer to:
Mathematics
Connection (algebraic framework)
Connection (mathematics), a way of specifying a derivative of a geometrical object along a vector field on a manifold
Connection (affine bundle)
Connection (composite bundle)
Connection (fibred manifold)
Connection (principal bundle), gives the derivative of a section of a principal bundle
Connection (vector bundle), differentiates a section of a vector bundle along a vector field
Cartan connection, achieved by identifying tangent spaces with the tangent space of a certain model Klein geometry
Ehresmann connection, gives a manner for differentiating sections of a general fibre bundle
Electrical connection, allows the flow of electrons
Galois connection, a type of correspondence between two partially ordered sets
Affine connection, a geometric object on a smooth manifold which connects nearby tangent spaces
Levi-Civita connection, used in differential geometry and general relativity; differentiates a vector field along another vector field
Music
Connection (The Green Children album), 2013
Connection (Don Ellis album), 1972
Connection (Up10tion album), 2021
Connection (EP), a 2000 split EP by Home Grown and Limbeck
Connection, a 2019 EP by Seyong
"Connection" (Elastica song) (1994)
"Connection" (OneRepublic song) (2018)
"Connection" (Rolling Stones song) (1967)
"Connection", a 1976 song by Can from Unlimited Edition
"Connection", a song by Avail from Satiate
Other uses
Connection (film), a 2017 Konkani film in Goa
Connection (dance), a means of communication between the lead and the follow
Layover or connection, a transfer from one means of transport to another
See also
Connected sum
Connectedness
Connecting (TV series)
Connections (disambiguation)
Connexion (disambiguation)
Contiguity (disambiguation)
Database connection
Disconnection (disambiguation)
Link (disambiguation)
PC Connection, a Fortune 1000, National Technology Solutions Provider, based in Merrimack, New Hampshire
Rapport
Six degrees of separation
Telecommunication circuit, the complete path between two terminals
The Connection (disambiguation)
Virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Connection"
]
} |
Connection may refer to:
Mathematics
Connection (algebraic framework)
Connection (mathematics), a way of specifying a derivative of a geometrical object along a vector field on a manifold
Connection (affine bundle)
Connection (composite bundle)
Connection (fibred manifold)
Connection (principal bundle), gives the derivative of a section of a principal bundle
Connection (vector bundle), differentiates a section of a vector bundle along a vector field
Cartan connection, achieved by identifying tangent spaces with the tangent space of a certain model Klein geometry
Ehresmann connection, gives a manner for differentiating sections of a general fibre bundle
Electrical connection, allows the flow of electrons
Galois connection, a type of correspondence between two partially ordered sets
Affine connection, a geometric object on a smooth manifold which connects nearby tangent spaces
Levi-Civita connection, used in differential geometry and general relativity; differentiates a vector field along another vector field
Music
Connection (The Green Children album), 2013
Connection (Don Ellis album), 1972
Connection (Up10tion album), 2021
Connection (EP), a 2000 split EP by Home Grown and Limbeck
Connection, a 2019 EP by Seyong
"Connection" (Elastica song) (1994)
"Connection" (OneRepublic song) (2018)
"Connection" (Rolling Stones song) (1967)
"Connection", a 1976 song by Can from Unlimited Edition
"Connection", a song by Avail from Satiate
Other uses
Connection (film), a 2017 Konkani film in Goa
Connection (dance), a means of communication between the lead and the follow
Layover or connection, a transfer from one means of transport to another
See also
Connected sum
Connectedness
Connecting (TV series)
Connections (disambiguation)
Connexion (disambiguation)
Contiguity (disambiguation)
Database connection
Disconnection (disambiguation)
Link (disambiguation)
PC Connection, a Fortune 1000, National Technology Solutions Provider, based in Merrimack, New Hampshire
Rapport
Six degrees of separation
Telecommunication circuit, the complete path between two terminals
The Connection (disambiguation)
Virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
1062
],
"text": [
"album"
]
} |
Connection may refer to:
Mathematics
Connection (algebraic framework)
Connection (mathematics), a way of specifying a derivative of a geometrical object along a vector field on a manifold
Connection (affine bundle)
Connection (composite bundle)
Connection (fibred manifold)
Connection (principal bundle), gives the derivative of a section of a principal bundle
Connection (vector bundle), differentiates a section of a vector bundle along a vector field
Cartan connection, achieved by identifying tangent spaces with the tangent space of a certain model Klein geometry
Ehresmann connection, gives a manner for differentiating sections of a general fibre bundle
Electrical connection, allows the flow of electrons
Galois connection, a type of correspondence between two partially ordered sets
Affine connection, a geometric object on a smooth manifold which connects nearby tangent spaces
Levi-Civita connection, used in differential geometry and general relativity; differentiates a vector field along another vector field
Music
Connection (The Green Children album), 2013
Connection (Don Ellis album), 1972
Connection (Up10tion album), 2021
Connection (EP), a 2000 split EP by Home Grown and Limbeck
Connection, a 2019 EP by Seyong
"Connection" (Elastica song) (1994)
"Connection" (OneRepublic song) (2018)
"Connection" (Rolling Stones song) (1967)
"Connection", a 1976 song by Can from Unlimited Edition
"Connection", a song by Avail from Satiate
Other uses
Connection (film), a 2017 Konkani film in Goa
Connection (dance), a means of communication between the lead and the follow
Layover or connection, a transfer from one means of transport to another
See also
Connected sum
Connectedness
Connecting (TV series)
Connections (disambiguation)
Connexion (disambiguation)
Contiguity (disambiguation)
Database connection
Disconnection (disambiguation)
Link (disambiguation)
PC Connection, a Fortune 1000, National Technology Solutions Provider, based in Merrimack, New Hampshire
Rapport
Six degrees of separation
Telecommunication circuit, the complete path between two terminals
The Connection (disambiguation)
Virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit | part of | {
"answer_start": [
1249
],
"text": [
"Elastica"
]
} |
Connection may refer to:
Mathematics
Connection (algebraic framework)
Connection (mathematics), a way of specifying a derivative of a geometrical object along a vector field on a manifold
Connection (affine bundle)
Connection (composite bundle)
Connection (fibred manifold)
Connection (principal bundle), gives the derivative of a section of a principal bundle
Connection (vector bundle), differentiates a section of a vector bundle along a vector field
Cartan connection, achieved by identifying tangent spaces with the tangent space of a certain model Klein geometry
Ehresmann connection, gives a manner for differentiating sections of a general fibre bundle
Electrical connection, allows the flow of electrons
Galois connection, a type of correspondence between two partially ordered sets
Affine connection, a geometric object on a smooth manifold which connects nearby tangent spaces
Levi-Civita connection, used in differential geometry and general relativity; differentiates a vector field along another vector field
Music
Connection (The Green Children album), 2013
Connection (Don Ellis album), 1972
Connection (Up10tion album), 2021
Connection (EP), a 2000 split EP by Home Grown and Limbeck
Connection, a 2019 EP by Seyong
"Connection" (Elastica song) (1994)
"Connection" (OneRepublic song) (2018)
"Connection" (Rolling Stones song) (1967)
"Connection", a 1976 song by Can from Unlimited Edition
"Connection", a song by Avail from Satiate
Other uses
Connection (film), a 2017 Konkani film in Goa
Connection (dance), a means of communication between the lead and the follow
Layover or connection, a transfer from one means of transport to another
See also
Connected sum
Connectedness
Connecting (TV series)
Connections (disambiguation)
Connexion (disambiguation)
Contiguity (disambiguation)
Database connection
Disconnection (disambiguation)
Link (disambiguation)
PC Connection, a Fortune 1000, National Technology Solutions Provider, based in Merrimack, New Hampshire
Rapport
Six degrees of separation
Telecommunication circuit, the complete path between two terminals
The Connection (disambiguation)
Virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit | narrative location | {
"answer_start": [
1505
],
"text": [
"Goa"
]
} |
Operation Blue Storm was a successful police investigation of an illegal marijuana smuggling ring operating in Arizona and Nebraska. During a lengthy investigation in 2012, police investigators uncovered links between the South Family Bloods street gang of Omaha, Nebraska, and the Sinaloa Cartel of northwestern Mexico, which was supplying South Family with illegal marijuana smuggled into and out of Arizona. The Nebraska investigation resulted in the indictment and conviction of 15 individuals, and the seizure of $60,000 in property, while the investigation in Arizona resulted in the indictment of 11 others, who, according to police, were directly linked to the Sinaloa Cartel. Police officials also announced that the illegal marijuana ring was responsible for smuggling 16,000 pounds of product into the United States, with a street value of approximately $7.75 million.On May 13, 2013, the United States Attorney's office released an assessment of Operation Blue Storm, and credited it as the "most outstanding regional drug trafficking case" of 2012. Six police officers and one civilian were honored with a national ceremony on May 7, 2013, including Officer Dennis O'Connor, Sergeant John Brazda, Officer Shawn McAlpin, Officer Zeb Simmones, Officer John Stuck and Officer R.J. Radik (retired).During the ceremony, U.S. Attorney Deborah Gilg made the following statement:
"The outstanding work done by this collaboration of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies disrupted a major tentacle of the Sinaloa Mexican Cartel to the Midwestern region.... This demonstrates law enforcement teamwork at its best."The following police agencies participated in Operation Blue Storm: Bellevue Police Department (Nebraska), Omaha Police Department (Nebraska), Peoria Police Department (Arizona) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
See also
Mexican Drug War
== References == | location | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"Arizona"
]
} |
The phonology of Sesotho and those of the other Sotho–Tswana languages are radically different from those of "older" or more "stereotypical" Bantu languages. Modern Sesotho in particular has very mixed origins (due to the influence of Difaqane refugees) inheriting many words and idioms from non-Sotho–Tswana languages.
There are in total 39 consonantal phonemes (plus 2 allophones) and 9 vowel phonemes (plus two close raised allophones). The consonants include a rich set of affricates and palatal and postalveolar consonants, as well as three click consonants.
Historical sound changes
Probably the most radical sound innovation in the Sotho–Tswana languages is that the Proto-Bantu prenasalized consonants have become simple stops and affricates. Thus isiZulu words such as entabeni ('on the mountain'), impuphu ('flour'), ezinkulu ('the big ones'), ukulanda ('to fetch'), ukulamba ('to become hungry'), and ukuthenga ('to buy') are cognates to Sesotho [tʰɑbeŋ̩] thabeng, [pʰʊfʊ] phofo, [t͡sʼexʊlʊ] tse kgolo, [hʊlɑtʼɑ] ho lata, [hʊlɑpʼɑ] ho lapa, and [hʊʀɛkʼɑ] ho reka, respectively (with the same meanings).
This is further intensified by the law of nasalization and nasal homogeneity, making derived and imported words have syllabic nasals followed by homogeneous consonants, instead of prenasalized consonants.
Another important sound change in Sesotho which distinguishes it from almost all other Sotho–Tswana languages and dialects is the chain shift from /x/ and /k͡xʰ/ to /h/ and /x/ (the shift of /k͡xʰ/ to /x/ is not yet complete).
In certain respects, however, Sesotho is more conservative than other Sotho–Tswana languages. For example, the language still retains the difference in pronunciation between /ɬ/, /t͡ɬʰ/, and /tʰ/. Many other Sotho–Tswana languages have lost the fricative /ɬ/, and some Northern Sotho languages, possibly influenced by Tshivenda, have also lost the lateral affricate and pronounce all three historical consonants as /tʰ/ (they have also lost the distinction between /t͡ɬ/ and /t/ — thus, for example, speakers of the Northern Sotho language commonly called Setlokwa call their language "Setokwa").The existence of (lightly) ejective consonants (all unvoiced unaspirated stops) is very strange for a Bantu language and is thought to be due to Khoisan influence. These consonants occur in the Sotho–Tswana and Nguni languages (being over four times more common in Southern Africa than anywhere else in the world), and the ejective quality is strongest in isiXhosa, which has been greatly influenced by Khoisan phonology.
As with most other Bantu languages, almost all palatal and postalveolar consonants are due to some form of palatalization or other related phenomena which result from a (usually palatal) approximant or vowel being "absorbed" into another consonant (with a possible subsequent nasalization).
The Southern Bantu languages have lost the Bantu distinction between long and short vowels. In Sesotho the long vowels have simply been shortened without any other effects on the syllables; while sequences of two dissimilar vowels have usually resulted in the first vowel being "absorbed" into the preceding consonant, and causing changes such as labialization and palatalization.
As with most Southern African Bantu languages, the "composite" or "secondary" vowels *e and *o have become /ɛ, e/ and /ɔ, o/. These usually behave as two phonemes (conditioned by vowel harmony), although there are enough exceptions to justify the claim that they have become four separate phonemes in the Sotho–Tswana languages.
Additionally, the first-degree (or "superclose", "heavy") and second-degree vowels have not merged as in many other Bantu languages, resulting in a total of 9 phonemic vowels.
Almost uniquely among the Sotho–Tswana languages, Sesotho has adopted clicks. There is one place of articulation, alveolar, and three manners and phonations: tenuis, aspirated, and nasalized. These most probably came with loanwords from the Khoisan and Nguni languages, though they also exist in various words which don't exist in these languages and in various ideophones.
These clicks also appear in environments which are rare or non-existent in the Nguni and Khoisan languages, such as a syllabic nasal followed by a nasalized click ([ŋ̩ǃn] written ⟨nnq⟩, as in [ŋ̩ǃnɑnɪ] nnqane 'that other side'), a syllabic nasal followed by a tenuis click ([ŋ̩ǃ], also written ⟨nq⟩, as in [sɪŋ̩ǃɑŋ̩ǃɑnɪ] senqanqane 'frog'; this is not the same as the prenasalized radical click written ⟨nkq⟩ in the Nguni languages), and a syllabic nasal followed by an aspirated click ([ŋ̩ǃʰ] written ⟨nqh⟩, as in [sɪǃʰɪŋ̩ǃʰɑ] seqhenqha 'hunk').
Vowels
Sesotho has a large inventory of vowels compared with many other Bantu languages. However, the nine phonemic vowels are collapsed into only five letters in the Sesotho orthography. The two close vowels i and u (sometimes called "superclose" or "first-degree" by Bantuists) are very high (with advanced tongue root) and are better approximated by French vowels than English vowels. That is especially true for /u/, which, in English, is often noticeably more front and can be transcribed as [u̟] or [ʉ] in the IPA; that is absent from Sesotho (and French).
Consonants
The Sotho–Tswana languages are peculiar among the Bantu family in that most do not have any prenasalized consonants and have a rather-large number of heterorganic compounds. Sesotho, uniquely among the recognised and standardised Sotho–Tswana languages, also has click consonants, which were acquired from Khoisan and Nguni languages.
[d] is an allophone of /l/, occurring only before the close vowels (/i/ and /u/). Dialectical evidence shows that in the Sotho–Tswana languages /l/ was originally pronounced as a retroflex flap [ɽ] before the two close vowels.Sesotho makes a three-way distinction between lightly ejective, aspirated and voiced stops in several places of articulation.
Sesotho possesses four simple nasal consonants. All of these can be syllabic and the syllabic velar nasal may also appear at the end of words.
The following approximants occur. All instances of /w/ and /j/ most probably come from original close /ʊ/, /ɪ/, /u/, and /i/ vowels or Proto-Bantu *u, *i, *û, and *î (under certain circumstances).
Note that when ⟨w⟩ appears as part of a syllable onset this actually indicates that the consonant is labialized.
The following fricatives occur. The glottal fricative is often voiced between vowels, making it barely noticeable. The alternative orthography used for the velar fricative is due to some loanwords from Afrikaans and ideophones which were historically pronounced with velar fricatives, distinct from the velar affricate. The voiced postalveolar affricative sometimes occurs as an alternative to the fricative.
There is one trill consonant. Originally, this was an alveolar rolled lingual, but today most individuals pronounce it at the back of the tongue, usually at the uvular position. The uvular pronunciation is largely attributed to the influence of French missionaries at Morija in Lesotho. Just like the French version, the position of this consonant is somewhat unstable and often varies even in individuals, but it generally differs from the "r"'s of most other South African language communities. The most stereotypical French-like pronunciations are found in certain rural areas of Lesotho, as well as some areas of Soweto (where this has affected the pronunciation of Tsotsitaal).
Sesotho has a relatively large number of affricates. The velar affricate, which was standard in Sesotho until the early 20th century, now only occurs in some communities as an alternative to the more common velar fricative.
The following click consonants occur. In common speech they are sometimes substituted with dental clicks. Even in standard Sesotho the nasal click is usually substituted with the tenuis click. ⟨nq⟩ is also used to indicate a syllabic nasal followed by an ejective click (/ŋ̩ǃkʼ/), while ⟨nnq⟩ is used for a syllabic nasal followed by a nasal click (/ŋ̩ǃŋ/).
The following heterorganic compounds occur. They are often substituted with other consonants, although there are a few instances when some of them are phonemic and not just allophonic. These are not considered consonant clusters.
In non-standard speech these may be pronounced in a variety of ways. bj may be pronounced /bj/ (followed by a palatal glide) and pj may be pronounced /pjʼ/. pj may also sometimes be pronounced /ptʃʼ/, which may alternatively be written ptj, though this is not to be considered standard.
Syllable structure
Sesotho syllables tend to be open, with syllabic nasals and the syllabic approximant l also allowed. Unlike almost all other Bantu languages, Sesotho does not have prenasalized consonants (NC).
The onset may be any consonant (C), a labialized consonant (Cw), an approximant (A), or a vowel (V).
The nucleus may be a vowel, a syllabic nasal (N), or the syllabic l (L).
No codas are allowed.The possible syllables are:
V ho etsa ('to do') [hʊˈet͡sʼɑ]
CV fi! ('ideophone of sudden darkness') [fi]
CwV ho tswa ('to emerge') [hʊt͡sʼʷɑ]
AV wena ('you') [wɛnɑ]
N nna ('I') [n̩nɑ]
L lebollo ('circumcision rite') [lɪbʊl̩lɔ]Note that heterorganic compounds count as single consonants, not consonant clusters.
Additionally, the following phonotactic restrictions apply:
A consonant may not be followed by the palatal approximant /j/ (i.e. C+y is not a valid onset).
Neither the labio-velar approximant /w/ nor a labialized consonant may be followed by a back vowel at any time.Syllabic l occurs only due to a vowel being elided between two l's:
[mʊlɪlɔ] *molelo (Proto-Bantu *mu-dido) > [mʊl̩lɔ] mollo ('fire') (cf Setswana molelo, isiZulu umlilo)
[hʊlɪlɑ] *ho lela (Proto-Bantu *-dida) > [hʊl̩lɑ] ho lla ('to cry') (cf Setswana go lela, isiXhosa ukulila, Tshivenda u lila)
isiZulu ukuphuma ('to emerge') > ukuphumelela ('to succeed') > Sesotho [hʊpʰʊmɛl̩lɑ] ho phomellaThere are no contrastive long vowels in Sesotho, the rule being that juxtaposed vowels form separate syllables (which may sound like long vowels with undulating tones during natural fast speech). Originally there might have been a consonant between vowels which was eventually elided that prevented coalescence or other phonological processes (Proto-Bantu *g, and sometimes *j).
Other Bantu languages have rules against vowel juxtaposition, often inserting an intermediate approximant if necessary.
Sesotho [xɑˈutʼeŋ̩] Gauteng ('Gauteng') > isiXhosa Erhawudeni
Phonological processes
Vowels and consonants very often influence one another resulting in predictable sound changes. Most of these changes are either vowels changing vowels, nasals changing consonants, or approximants changing consonants. The sound changes are nasalization, palatalization, alveolarization, velarization, vowel elision, vowel raising, and labialization. Sesotho nasalization and vowel-raising are extra-strange since, unlike most processes in most languages, they actually decrease the sonority of the phonemes.
Nasalization (alternatively Nasal permutation or Strengthening) is a process in Bantu languages by which, in certain circumstances, a prefixed nasal becomes assimilated to a succeeding consonant and causes changes in the form of the phone to which it is prefixed. In the Sesotho language series of articles it is indicated by ⟨N⟩.
In Sesotho it is a fortition process and usually occurs in the formation of class 9 and 10 nouns, in the use of the objectival concord of the first person singular, in the use of the adjectival and enumerative concords of some noun classes, and in the forming of reflexive verbs (with the reflexive prefix).
Very roughly speaking, voiced consonants become devoiced and fricatives (except /x/ ) lose their fricative quality.
Vowels and the approximant /w/ get a /kʼ/ in front of them
Voiced stops become ejective:
/b/ > /pʼ/
/l/ > /tʼ/
Fricatives become aspirated:
/f/ > /pʰ/
/ʀ/ > /tʰ/
/s/ > /t͡sʰ/
/ʃ/ > /t͡ʃʰ/
/ɬ/ > /t͡ɬʰ/ (except with adjectives)
/h/ becomes /x/
/ʒ/ becomes /t͡ʃʼ/The syllabic nasal causing the change is usually dropped, except for monosyllabic stems and the first person objectival concord. Reflexive verbs don't show a nasal.
[hʊˈɑʀbɑ] ho araba ('to answer') > [kʼɑʀɑbɔ] karabo ('response'), [hʊŋ̩kʼɑʀɑbɑ] ho nkaraba ('to answer me'), and [huˌˈikʼɑʀɑbɑ] ho ikaraba ('to answer oneself')
[hʊfɑ] ho fa ('to give') > [m̩pʰɔ] mpho ('gift'), [hʊm̩pʰɑ] ho mpha ('to give me'), and [huˌˈipʰɑ] ho ipha ('to give oneself')Other changes may occur due to contractions in verb derivations:
[hʊbɔnɑ] ho bona ('to see') > [hʊbon̩t͡sʰɑ] ho bontsha ('to cause to see') (causative [bɔn] -bon- + [isɑ] -isa)Nasal homogeneity consists of two points:
When a consonant is preceded by a (visible or invisible) nasal it will undergo nasalization, if it supports it.
When a nasal is immediately followed by another consonant with no vowel betwixt them, the nasal will change to a nasal in the same approximate position as the following consonant, after the consonant has undergone nasal permutation. If the consonant is already a nasal then the previous nasal will simply change to the same.
Palatalization is a process in certain Bantu languages where a consonant becomes a palatal consonant.
In Sesotho it usually occurs with the short form of passive verbs and the diminutives of nouns, adjectives, and relatives.
Labials:
/pʼ/ > /pʃʼ/ / /t͡ʃʼ/
/pʰ/ > /pʃʰ/ / /t͡ʃʰ/
/b/ > /bʒ/ / /ʒ/
/f/ > /fʃ/ / /ʃ/
Alveolars:
/tʼ/ > /t͡ʃʼ/
/tʰ/ > /t͡ʃʰ/
/l/ > /ʒ/
The nasals become /ɲ/:
/n/, /m/, and /ŋ/ > /ɲ/For example:
[hʊlɪfɑ] ho lefa ('to pay') > [hʊlɪfʃʷɑ] ho lefjwa / [hʊlɪʃʷɑ] ho leshwa ('to be paid')
Alveolarization is a process whereby a consonant becomes an alveolar consonant. It occurs in noun diminutives, the diminutives of colour adjectives, and in the pronouns and concords of noun classes with a [di] di- or [di] di[N]- prefix. This results in either /t͡sʼ/ or /t͡sʰ/.
/pʼ/, /b/, and /l/ become /t͡sʼ/
/pʰ/, /f/, and /ʀ/ become /t͡sʰ/Examples:
[xʷɑdi] -kgwadi ('black with white spots') > [xʷɑt͡sʼɑnɑ] -kgwatsana (diminutive)
[dikʼet͡sʼɔ t͡sʼɑhɑˈʊ] diketso tsa hao ('your actions')Other changes may occur due to phonological interactions in verbal derivatives:
[hʊbʊt͡sʼɑ] ho botsa ('to ask') > [hʊbʊt͡sʼet͡sʼɑ] ho botsetsa ('to ask on behalf of') (applied [bʊt͡sʼ] -bots- + [ɛlɑ] -ela)The alveolarization which changes Sesotho /l/ to /t͡sʼ/ is by far the most commonly applied phonetic process in the language. It's regularly applied in the formation of some class 8 and 10 concords and in numerous verbal derivatives.
Velarization in Sesotho is a process whereby certain sounds become velar consonants due to the intrusion of an approximant. It occurs with verb passives, noun diminutives, the diminutives of relatives, and the formation of some class 1 and 3 prefixes.
/m/ becomes /ŋ/
/ɲ/ becomes /ŋ̩ŋ/For example:
[hʊsɪɲɑ] ho senya ('to destroy') > [hʊsɪŋ̩ŋʷɑ] ho senngwa ('to be destroyed') (short passive [sɪɲ] -seny- + [wɑ] -wa)
Class 1 [mʊ] mo- + [ɑhɑ] -aha > [ŋʷɑhɑ] ngwaha ('year') (cf Kiswahili mwaka; from Proto-Bantu *-jaka)
Elision of vowels occurs in Sesotho less often than in those Bantu languages which have vowel "pre-prefixes" before the noun class prefixes (such as isiZulu), but there are still instances where it regularly and actively occurs.
There are two primary types of regular vowel elision:
The vowels /ɪ/, /ɛ/, and /ʊ/ may be removed from between two instances of /l/, thereby causing the first /l/ to become syllabic. This actively occurs with verbs, and has historically occurred with some nouns.
When forming class 1 or 3 nouns from noun stems beginning with /b/ the middle /ʊ/ is removed and the /b/ is contracted into the /m/, resulting in [m̩m]. This actively occurs with nouns derived from verbs commencing with [b] and has historically occurred with many other nouns.For example:
[bɑlɑ] -bala ('read') > [bɑl̩lɑ] -balla (applied verb suffix [ɛlɑ] -ela) ('read for'), and [m̩mɑdi] mmadi ('person who reads')
Vowel raising is an uncommon form of vowel harmony where a non-open vowel (i.e. any vowel other than /ɑ/) is raised in position by a following vowel (in the same phonological word) at a higher position. The first variety — in which the open-mid vowels become close-mid — is commonly found in most Southern African Bantu languages (where the Proto-Bantu "mixed" vowels have separated). In the 9-vowel Sotho–Tswana languages, a much less common process also occurs where the near-close vowels become raised to a position slightly lower than the close vowels (closer to the English beat and boot than the very high Sesotho vowels i and u) without ATR (or, alternatively, with both [+ATR] and [+RTR]).
Mid vowel raising is a process where /ɛ/ becomes /e/ and /ɔ/ becomes /o/ under the influence of close vowels or consonants that contain "hidden" close vowels.
ho tsheha ('to laugh') [hʊt͡sʰɛhɑ] > ho tshehisa ('to cause to laugh') [hʊt͡sʰehisɑ]
ke a bona ('I see') [kʼɪˈɑbɔnɑ] > ke bone ('I saw') [kʼɪbonɪ]
ho kena ('to enter') [hʊkʼɛnɑ] > ho kenya ('to insert') [hʊkʼeɲɑ]These changes are usually recursive to varying depths within the word, though, being a left spreading rule, it is often bounded by the difficulty of "foreseeing" the raising syllable:
diphoofolo ('animals') [dipʰɔˈɔfɔlɔ] > diphoofolong ('by the animals') [dipʰɔˈɔfoloŋ̩]Additionally, a right-spreading form occurs when a close-mid vowel is on the penultimate syllable (that is, the stressed syllable) and, due to some inflection or derivational process, is followed by an open-mid vowel. In this case the vowel on the final syllable is raised. This does not happen if the penultimate syllable is close (/i/ or (/u/).
-besa ('roast') [besɑ] > subjunctive ke bese ('so I may roast...') [kʼɪbese]but
-thola ('find') [tʰɔlɑ] > subjunctive ke thole ('so I may find...') [kʼɪtʰɔlɛ]These vowels can occur phonemically, however, and may thus be considered to be separate phonemes:
maele ('wisdom') [mɑˈele]
ho retla ('to dismantle') [hʊʀet͡ɬʼɑ]Close vowel raising is a process which occurs under much less common circumstances. Near-close /ɪ/ becomes [iˌ] and near-close /ʊ/ becomes [uˌ] when immediately followed by a syllable containing the close vowels /i/ or /u/. Unlike the mid vowel raising this processes is not iterative and is only caused directly by the close vowels (it cannot be caused by any hidden vowels or by other raised vowels).
[hʊt͡sʰɪlɑ] ho tshela ('to pass over') > [hʊt͡sʰiˌdisɑ] ho tshedisa ('to comfort')
[hʊlʊmɑ] ho loma ('to itch') > [sɪluˌmi] selomi ('period pains')Since these changes are allophonic, the Sotho–Tswana languages are rarely said to have 11 vowels.
Labialization is a modification of a consonant due to the action of a bilabial /w/ element which persists throughout the articulation of the consonant and is not merely a following semivowel. This labialization results in the consonant being pronounced with rounded lips (but, in Sesotho, with no velarization) and with attenuated high frequencies (especially noticeable with fricatives and aspirated consonants).
It may be traced to an original /ʊ/ or /u/ being "absorbed" into the preceding consonant when the syllable is followed by another vowel. The consonant is labialized and the transition from the labialized syllable onset to the nucleus vowel sounds like a bilabial semivowel (or, alternatively, like a diphthong). Unlike in languages such as Chishona and Tshivenda, Sesotho labialization does not result in "whistling" of any consonants.
Almost all consonants may be labialized (indicated in the orthography by following the symbol with ⟨w⟩), the exceptions being labial stops and fricatives (which become palatalized), the bilabial and palatal nasals (which become velarized), and the voiced alveolar [d] allophone of /l/ (which would become alveolarized instead). Additionally, syllabic nasals (where nasalization results in a labialized [ŋ̩kʼ] instead) and the syllabic /l/ (which is always followed by the non-syllabic /l/) are never directly labialized. Note that the unvoiced heterorganic doubled articulant fricative /fʃ/ only occurs labialized (only as [fʃʷ]).
Due to the inherent bilabial semivowel, labialized consonants never appear before back vowels:
[hʊlɑt͡sʼʷɑ] ho latswa ('to taste') > [tʼɑt͡sʼɔ] tatso ('flavour')
[hʊt͡sʼʷɑ] ho tswa ('to emerge') > [lɪt͡sʼɔ] letso ('a derivation')
[hʊnʷɑ] ho nwa ('to drink') > [sɪnɔ] seno ('a beverage')
[hʊˈɛlɛl̩lʷɑ] ho elellwa ('to realise') > [kʼɛlɛl̩lɔ] kelello ('the mind')
Tonology
Sesotho is a tonal language spoken using two contrasting tones: low and high; further investigation reveals, however, that in reality it is only the high tones that are explicitly specified on the syllables in the speaker's mental lexicon, and that low tones appear when a syllable is tonally under-specified. Unlike the tonal systems of languages such as Mandarin, where each syllable basically has an immutable tone, the tonal systems of the Niger–Congo languages are much more complex in that several "tonal rules" are used to manipulate the underlying high tones before the words may be spoken, and this includes special rules ("melodies") which, like grammatical or syntax rules that operate on words and morphemes, may change the tones of specific words depending on the meaning one wishes to convey.
Stress
The word stress system of Sesotho (often called "penultimate lengthening" instead, though there are certain situations where it doesn't fall on the penultimate syllable) is quite simple. Each complete Sesotho word has exactly one main stressed syllable.
Except for the second form of the first demonstrative pronoun, certain formations involving certain enclitics, polysyllabic ideophones, most compounds, and a handful of other words, there is only one main stress falling on the penult.
The stressed syllable is slightly longer and has a falling tone. Unlike in English, stress does not affect vowel quality or height.
This type of stress system occurs in most of those Eastern and Southern Bantu languages which have lost contrastive vowel length.
The second form of the first demonstrative pronoun has the stress on the final syllable. Some proclitics can leave the stress of the original word in place, causing the resultant word to have the stress at the antepenultimate syllable (or even earlier, if the enclitics are compounded). Ideophones, which tend to not obey the phonetic laws which the rest of the language abides by, may also have irregular stress.
There is even at least one minimal pair: the adverb fela ('only') [ˈfɛlɑ] has regular stress, while the conjunctive fela ('but') [fɛˈlɑ] (like many other conjunctives) has stress on the final syllable. This is certainly not enough evidence to justify making the claim that Sesotho is a stress accent language, though.
Because the stress falls on the penultimate syllable, Sesotho, like other Bantu languages (and unlike many closely allied Niger–Congo languages), tends to avoid monosyllabic words and often employs certain prefixes and suffixes to make the word disyllabic (such as the syllabic nasal in front of class 9 nouns with monosyllabic stems, etc.).
Notes
References
Clements, G.N, and Rialland, A. 2005. Africa as a Phonological Area. In Bernd Heine & Derek Nurse (eds), Africa as a Linguistic Area. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dichabe, S. B. 1997. Advanced Tongue Root Harmony in Setswana. M.A. thesis. University of Ottawa. ISBN 0-612-20913-X.
Doke, Clement Martyn; Mofokeng, S. Machabe (1974), Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar (3rd ed.), Cape Town: Longman Southern Africa, ISBN 0-582-61700-6
Hyman, L. M. 2003. Segmental phonology. In D. Nurse & G. Philippson (eds.), The Bantu languages, pp. 42–58. London: Routledge/Curzon.
Schadeberg, T.C. 1994–5. Spirantization and the 7-to-5 Vowel Merger in Bantu. In Marc Dominicy & Didier Demolin (eds), Sound Change. Belgian Journal of Linguistics, 73–84. | facet of | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"Sesotho"
]
} |
Brookula kerguelensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.
Description
The shell reaches a height of 1.6 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Southern Indian Ocean off the Kerguelen Islands.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"species"
]
} |
Brookula kerguelensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.
Description
The shell reaches a height of 1.6 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Southern Indian Ocean off the Kerguelen Islands.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Brookula"
]
} |
Brookula kerguelensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.
Description
The shell reaches a height of 1.6 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Southern Indian Ocean off the Kerguelen Islands.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Brookula kerguelensis"
]
} |
Hypercompe flavopunctata is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Schaus in 1921. It is found in Paraguay.
References
Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Arctiidae". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London. | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Hypercompe"
]
} |
Hypercompe flavopunctata is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Schaus in 1921. It is found in Paraguay.
References
Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Arctiidae". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London. | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Hypercompe flavopunctata"
]
} |
The International Tchaikovsky Competition is a classical music competition held every four years in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia, for pianists, violinists, and cellists between 16 and 32 years of age and singers between 19 and 32 years of age. The competition is named after Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions until April 2022, when it was excluded due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.The International Tchaikovsky Competition was the first international music competition held in the Soviet Union. For the XIV competition in 2011, Valery Gergiev was appointed the competition's chairman, and Richard Rodzinski, former president of the Van Cliburn Foundation, was appointed general director. A new voting system was instituted, created by mathematician John MacBain, and used by the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, and the Cleveland International Piano Competition. All rules and regulations also underwent a complete revision. Emphasis was placed on the composition of the jury, which consisted primarily of well-known and respected performing artists.The XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition was held in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia, from 14 June to 1 July 2011, under the auspices of the Russian federal government and its Ministry of Culture. The competition disciplines were piano, violin, cello, and voice (male singers and female singers). The XV competition took place in June 2015. The XVI competition took place 17–29 June 2019, in Moscow and St. Petersburg; woodwind and brass competition disciplines were added.
Prizes
Cash prizes are awarded to the top-five competitors in each discipline of piano, violin, cello, and to each of the top four competitors in the men's and women's solo vocal categories. First prize (not always awarded) is US$30,000; second, US$20,000; third, US$10,000; fourth, US$5,000; and fifth, US$3,000. An additional prize, a Grand Prix of US$100,000, may be awarded to one of the gold medalists deemed outstanding by the juries. Additional awards are given for best performance of the chamber concertos and the commissioned new work.For the 2019 competition, the prizes are as follows:
History
Held every four years, the first competition, in 1958, included two disciplines: piano and violin. Beginning with the second competition, in 1962, a cello category was added, and the vocal division was introduced during the third competition in 1966. In 1990, a fifth discipline was announced for the IX International Tchaikovsky Competition: a contest for violin makers, which traditionally comes before the main competition. In 2019, two new categories were added to the competition, woodwinds and brass.
Tianxu An incident
On 25 June 2019, at the final round of the piano category, Chinese competitor Tianxu An was supposed to play Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 followed by Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. However, the scores on the orchestra's and conductor's stands were placed in reversed order and the Rachmaninoff piece was announced first, different from what the pianist requested. Since An didn't understand Russian, he was unaware of the situation. With the piano entry in the Rachmaninoff almost immediate, the performance "began with a failure". Following the incident, jury chair Denis Matsuev invited him to perform the program again, but An declined. The competition made an official apology and the orchestra administration suspended the responsible staff after the event. An was eventually awarded a "special prize" for his confidence and courage.
Excluded from World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC)
On 19 April 2022, World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) decided with an overwhelming majority of member votes to exclude the International Tchaikovsky Competition from its membership with immediate effect due to "Russia´s brutal war and humanitarian atrocities in Ukraine".
Prize winners
Winners of the prizes and medals awarded in the given year and category.
Piano
Violin
Cello
Vocal, female
Vocal, male
Woodwinds
Brass
Grand Prix
See also
International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians
List of classical music competitions
World Federation of International Music Competitions
Critics' Prize (Tchaikovsky Competition)
References
External links
Media related to International Tchaikovsky Competition at Wikimedia Commons
Official website | country | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
} |
The International Tchaikovsky Competition is a classical music competition held every four years in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia, for pianists, violinists, and cellists between 16 and 32 years of age and singers between 19 and 32 years of age. The competition is named after Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions until April 2022, when it was excluded due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.The International Tchaikovsky Competition was the first international music competition held in the Soviet Union. For the XIV competition in 2011, Valery Gergiev was appointed the competition's chairman, and Richard Rodzinski, former president of the Van Cliburn Foundation, was appointed general director. A new voting system was instituted, created by mathematician John MacBain, and used by the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, and the Cleveland International Piano Competition. All rules and regulations also underwent a complete revision. Emphasis was placed on the composition of the jury, which consisted primarily of well-known and respected performing artists.The XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition was held in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia, from 14 June to 1 July 2011, under the auspices of the Russian federal government and its Ministry of Culture. The competition disciplines were piano, violin, cello, and voice (male singers and female singers). The XV competition took place in June 2015. The XVI competition took place 17–29 June 2019, in Moscow and St. Petersburg; woodwind and brass competition disciplines were added.
Prizes
Cash prizes are awarded to the top-five competitors in each discipline of piano, violin, cello, and to each of the top four competitors in the men's and women's solo vocal categories. First prize (not always awarded) is US$30,000; second, US$20,000; third, US$10,000; fourth, US$5,000; and fifth, US$3,000. An additional prize, a Grand Prix of US$100,000, may be awarded to one of the gold medalists deemed outstanding by the juries. Additional awards are given for best performance of the chamber concertos and the commissioned new work.For the 2019 competition, the prizes are as follows:
History
Held every four years, the first competition, in 1958, included two disciplines: piano and violin. Beginning with the second competition, in 1962, a cello category was added, and the vocal division was introduced during the third competition in 1966. In 1990, a fifth discipline was announced for the IX International Tchaikovsky Competition: a contest for violin makers, which traditionally comes before the main competition. In 2019, two new categories were added to the competition, woodwinds and brass.
Tianxu An incident
On 25 June 2019, at the final round of the piano category, Chinese competitor Tianxu An was supposed to play Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 followed by Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. However, the scores on the orchestra's and conductor's stands were placed in reversed order and the Rachmaninoff piece was announced first, different from what the pianist requested. Since An didn't understand Russian, he was unaware of the situation. With the piano entry in the Rachmaninoff almost immediate, the performance "began with a failure". Following the incident, jury chair Denis Matsuev invited him to perform the program again, but An declined. The competition made an official apology and the orchestra administration suspended the responsible staff after the event. An was eventually awarded a "special prize" for his confidence and courage.
Excluded from World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC)
On 19 April 2022, World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) decided with an overwhelming majority of member votes to exclude the International Tchaikovsky Competition from its membership with immediate effect due to "Russia´s brutal war and humanitarian atrocities in Ukraine".
Prize winners
Winners of the prizes and medals awarded in the given year and category.
Piano
Violin
Cello
Vocal, female
Vocal, male
Woodwinds
Brass
Grand Prix
See also
International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians
List of classical music competitions
World Federation of International Music Competitions
Critics' Prize (Tchaikovsky Competition)
References
External links
Media related to International Tchaikovsky Competition at Wikimedia Commons
Official website | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"classical music competition"
]
} |
The International Tchaikovsky Competition is a classical music competition held every four years in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia, for pianists, violinists, and cellists between 16 and 32 years of age and singers between 19 and 32 years of age. The competition is named after Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions until April 2022, when it was excluded due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.The International Tchaikovsky Competition was the first international music competition held in the Soviet Union. For the XIV competition in 2011, Valery Gergiev was appointed the competition's chairman, and Richard Rodzinski, former president of the Van Cliburn Foundation, was appointed general director. A new voting system was instituted, created by mathematician John MacBain, and used by the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, and the Cleveland International Piano Competition. All rules and regulations also underwent a complete revision. Emphasis was placed on the composition of the jury, which consisted primarily of well-known and respected performing artists.The XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition was held in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia, from 14 June to 1 July 2011, under the auspices of the Russian federal government and its Ministry of Culture. The competition disciplines were piano, violin, cello, and voice (male singers and female singers). The XV competition took place in June 2015. The XVI competition took place 17–29 June 2019, in Moscow and St. Petersburg; woodwind and brass competition disciplines were added.
Prizes
Cash prizes are awarded to the top-five competitors in each discipline of piano, violin, cello, and to each of the top four competitors in the men's and women's solo vocal categories. First prize (not always awarded) is US$30,000; second, US$20,000; third, US$10,000; fourth, US$5,000; and fifth, US$3,000. An additional prize, a Grand Prix of US$100,000, may be awarded to one of the gold medalists deemed outstanding by the juries. Additional awards are given for best performance of the chamber concertos and the commissioned new work.For the 2019 competition, the prizes are as follows:
History
Held every four years, the first competition, in 1958, included two disciplines: piano and violin. Beginning with the second competition, in 1962, a cello category was added, and the vocal division was introduced during the third competition in 1966. In 1990, a fifth discipline was announced for the IX International Tchaikovsky Competition: a contest for violin makers, which traditionally comes before the main competition. In 2019, two new categories were added to the competition, woodwinds and brass.
Tianxu An incident
On 25 June 2019, at the final round of the piano category, Chinese competitor Tianxu An was supposed to play Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 followed by Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. However, the scores on the orchestra's and conductor's stands were placed in reversed order and the Rachmaninoff piece was announced first, different from what the pianist requested. Since An didn't understand Russian, he was unaware of the situation. With the piano entry in the Rachmaninoff almost immediate, the performance "began with a failure". Following the incident, jury chair Denis Matsuev invited him to perform the program again, but An declined. The competition made an official apology and the orchestra administration suspended the responsible staff after the event. An was eventually awarded a "special prize" for his confidence and courage.
Excluded from World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC)
On 19 April 2022, World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) decided with an overwhelming majority of member votes to exclude the International Tchaikovsky Competition from its membership with immediate effect due to "Russia´s brutal war and humanitarian atrocities in Ukraine".
Prize winners
Winners of the prizes and medals awarded in the given year and category.
Piano
Violin
Cello
Vocal, female
Vocal, male
Woodwinds
Brass
Grand Prix
See also
International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians
List of classical music competitions
World Federation of International Music Competitions
Critics' Prize (Tchaikovsky Competition)
References
External links
Media related to International Tchaikovsky Competition at Wikimedia Commons
Official website | named after | {
"answer_start": [
299
],
"text": [
"Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"
]
} |
The International Tchaikovsky Competition is a classical music competition held every four years in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia, for pianists, violinists, and cellists between 16 and 32 years of age and singers between 19 and 32 years of age. The competition is named after Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions until April 2022, when it was excluded due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.The International Tchaikovsky Competition was the first international music competition held in the Soviet Union. For the XIV competition in 2011, Valery Gergiev was appointed the competition's chairman, and Richard Rodzinski, former president of the Van Cliburn Foundation, was appointed general director. A new voting system was instituted, created by mathematician John MacBain, and used by the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, and the Cleveland International Piano Competition. All rules and regulations also underwent a complete revision. Emphasis was placed on the composition of the jury, which consisted primarily of well-known and respected performing artists.The XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition was held in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia, from 14 June to 1 July 2011, under the auspices of the Russian federal government and its Ministry of Culture. The competition disciplines were piano, violin, cello, and voice (male singers and female singers). The XV competition took place in June 2015. The XVI competition took place 17–29 June 2019, in Moscow and St. Petersburg; woodwind and brass competition disciplines were added.
Prizes
Cash prizes are awarded to the top-five competitors in each discipline of piano, violin, cello, and to each of the top four competitors in the men's and women's solo vocal categories. First prize (not always awarded) is US$30,000; second, US$20,000; third, US$10,000; fourth, US$5,000; and fifth, US$3,000. An additional prize, a Grand Prix of US$100,000, may be awarded to one of the gold medalists deemed outstanding by the juries. Additional awards are given for best performance of the chamber concertos and the commissioned new work.For the 2019 competition, the prizes are as follows:
History
Held every four years, the first competition, in 1958, included two disciplines: piano and violin. Beginning with the second competition, in 1962, a cello category was added, and the vocal division was introduced during the third competition in 1966. In 1990, a fifth discipline was announced for the IX International Tchaikovsky Competition: a contest for violin makers, which traditionally comes before the main competition. In 2019, two new categories were added to the competition, woodwinds and brass.
Tianxu An incident
On 25 June 2019, at the final round of the piano category, Chinese competitor Tianxu An was supposed to play Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 followed by Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. However, the scores on the orchestra's and conductor's stands were placed in reversed order and the Rachmaninoff piece was announced first, different from what the pianist requested. Since An didn't understand Russian, he was unaware of the situation. With the piano entry in the Rachmaninoff almost immediate, the performance "began with a failure". Following the incident, jury chair Denis Matsuev invited him to perform the program again, but An declined. The competition made an official apology and the orchestra administration suspended the responsible staff after the event. An was eventually awarded a "special prize" for his confidence and courage.
Excluded from World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC)
On 19 April 2022, World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) decided with an overwhelming majority of member votes to exclude the International Tchaikovsky Competition from its membership with immediate effect due to "Russia´s brutal war and humanitarian atrocities in Ukraine".
Prize winners
Winners of the prizes and medals awarded in the given year and category.
Piano
Violin
Cello
Vocal, female
Vocal, male
Woodwinds
Brass
Grand Prix
See also
International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians
List of classical music competitions
World Federation of International Music Competitions
Critics' Prize (Tchaikovsky Competition)
References
External links
Media related to International Tchaikovsky Competition at Wikimedia Commons
Official website | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"International Tchaikovsky Competition"
]
} |
The International Tchaikovsky Competition is a classical music competition held every four years in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia, for pianists, violinists, and cellists between 16 and 32 years of age and singers between 19 and 32 years of age. The competition is named after Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions until April 2022, when it was excluded due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.The International Tchaikovsky Competition was the first international music competition held in the Soviet Union. For the XIV competition in 2011, Valery Gergiev was appointed the competition's chairman, and Richard Rodzinski, former president of the Van Cliburn Foundation, was appointed general director. A new voting system was instituted, created by mathematician John MacBain, and used by the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, and the Cleveland International Piano Competition. All rules and regulations also underwent a complete revision. Emphasis was placed on the composition of the jury, which consisted primarily of well-known and respected performing artists.The XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition was held in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia, from 14 June to 1 July 2011, under the auspices of the Russian federal government and its Ministry of Culture. The competition disciplines were piano, violin, cello, and voice (male singers and female singers). The XV competition took place in June 2015. The XVI competition took place 17–29 June 2019, in Moscow and St. Petersburg; woodwind and brass competition disciplines were added.
Prizes
Cash prizes are awarded to the top-five competitors in each discipline of piano, violin, cello, and to each of the top four competitors in the men's and women's solo vocal categories. First prize (not always awarded) is US$30,000; second, US$20,000; third, US$10,000; fourth, US$5,000; and fifth, US$3,000. An additional prize, a Grand Prix of US$100,000, may be awarded to one of the gold medalists deemed outstanding by the juries. Additional awards are given for best performance of the chamber concertos and the commissioned new work.For the 2019 competition, the prizes are as follows:
History
Held every four years, the first competition, in 1958, included two disciplines: piano and violin. Beginning with the second competition, in 1962, a cello category was added, and the vocal division was introduced during the third competition in 1966. In 1990, a fifth discipline was announced for the IX International Tchaikovsky Competition: a contest for violin makers, which traditionally comes before the main competition. In 2019, two new categories were added to the competition, woodwinds and brass.
Tianxu An incident
On 25 June 2019, at the final round of the piano category, Chinese competitor Tianxu An was supposed to play Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 followed by Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. However, the scores on the orchestra's and conductor's stands were placed in reversed order and the Rachmaninoff piece was announced first, different from what the pianist requested. Since An didn't understand Russian, he was unaware of the situation. With the piano entry in the Rachmaninoff almost immediate, the performance "began with a failure". Following the incident, jury chair Denis Matsuev invited him to perform the program again, but An declined. The competition made an official apology and the orchestra administration suspended the responsible staff after the event. An was eventually awarded a "special prize" for his confidence and courage.
Excluded from World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC)
On 19 April 2022, World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) decided with an overwhelming majority of member votes to exclude the International Tchaikovsky Competition from its membership with immediate effect due to "Russia´s brutal war and humanitarian atrocities in Ukraine".
Prize winners
Winners of the prizes and medals awarded in the given year and category.
Piano
Violin
Cello
Vocal, female
Vocal, male
Woodwinds
Brass
Grand Prix
See also
International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians
List of classical music competitions
World Federation of International Music Competitions
Critics' Prize (Tchaikovsky Competition)
References
External links
Media related to International Tchaikovsky Competition at Wikimedia Commons
Official website | event interval | {
"answer_start": [
1318
],
"text": [
"4"
]
} |
Elaphropus papuae is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Herbert Andrewes in 1925.
== References == | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"species"
]
} |
Elaphropus papuae is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Herbert Andrewes in 1925.
== References == | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Elaphropus"
]
} |
Elaphropus papuae is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Herbert Andrewes in 1925.
== References == | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Elaphropus papuae"
]
} |
Canville Creek is a stream in Neosho County, Kansas and Allen County, Kansas, in the United States.Canville Creek was named for A. B. Canville, who settled near its banks in 1847.
See also
List of rivers of Kansas
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
198
],
"text": [
"river"
]
} |
Canville Creek is a stream in Neosho County, Kansas and Allen County, Kansas, in the United States.Canville Creek was named for A. B. Canville, who settled near its banks in 1847.
See also
List of rivers of Kansas
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"Kansas"
]
} |
Lung Fung Restaurant is a 1990 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Poon Man-kit and starring Max Mok, Stephen Chow, Ellen Chan and Charine Chan.
Plot
Dragon Ching (Max Mok) is a former triad member who was recently released from prison two weeks ago after a four-year stint and is working as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant. He reunites with his triad friend and sworn brother, Rubbish Pool (Stephen Chow), who believes Dragon is too good to work for someone else. When Pool's girlfriend, Apple (Strawberry Yeung) a club hostess, gets beat up by her colleagues, Gigi (Ellen Chan) and June (Charine Chan) when she tried to set up Gigi to have sex with a rich man, Brother Wai, Apple calls Pool to negotiate with Gigi and June. Pool is accompanied by Dragon in the negotiation and let Gigi and June go after they realized the situation while Dragon and Gigi have mutual attraction towards each other, but the latter is unwilling to admit.
Dragon encounters Gigi the next day while visiting his triad boss, Uncle Kent (Ng Man-tat), in the hospital with Pool and again at night while hanging out at the night club she works at. Dragon begins to actively pursue Gigi even to point of helping her mother with physical therapy, but Gigi purposely acts cold. One night, Brother Wai and a group of triad thugs try to kidnap her from the nightclub to retaliate for ditching him but Dragon arrives to in time to rescue her and she finally accepts him. However, the next night, Dragon was ambushed and attacked by triad members hired by Wai who turns out to be members of the same gang Dragon belongs to. Gigi finds out about this and realizes he has been avoiding her until one night when he shows up when she gets off work and they kiss passionately and begin dating. Eventually, they begin to plan their marriage.
Kent and Pool sets up a negotiation with rival triad boss Bull (Chu Tit-wo) sets a negotiation at Lung Fung Restaurant that does not go well and breaks into a brawl which Dragon, while on duty, steps in and saves Kent and holds Bull hostage with chopsticks on his throat. However, the main leader of their gang, Rocky (Parkman Wong) has business going with Bull and demands Dragon to apologise to Bull, who tricks Dragon to drink a bottle of pepper oil.
While having lunch with Gigi and June, Dragon and Pool bump into Bull and his underlings who insult them so Pool attacks them at the parking lot and was injured as a result. Dragon decides to strike back at Bull much to the dismay of Gigi, who worries about his safety, and they get into an argument. Dragon then sees Gigi kissed by a rich suitor and beats the suitor up before he discovers she rejected the suitor. Afterwards, Gigi leaves while leaving a note for Dragon saying she was greatly hurt while loving him. After reading the note, Dragon runs to win her back, but is stopped by Pool, who informs him a rival triad has ordered a hit on Kent and Dragon joins Pool to rescue Kent. In the ensuing triad brawl, Kent and Pool were killed while Dragon was arrested and imprisoned for six years. After Dragon is released from prison, he becomes a taxi driver and when he is about to go off work, Gigi boards his taxi. After talking to each other, it is revealed that Gigi is now a sale rep with a son while Dragon has a new girlfriend.
Cast
Max Mok as Dragon Ching (程一龍), a triad member and ex-con who works as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant (龍鳳茶樓).
Stephen Chow as Rubbish Pool (垃圾馳), a second-tier triad leader and Ching's sworn brother who is foul-mouthed.
Ellen Chan as Gigi (阿鳳), a club hostess who refuses to provide sexual services and was once hurt by a man he loved in the past.
Charine Chan as June, Gigi's best friend and colleague who lives together with her.
Ng Man-tat as Uncle Kent (堅叔), a triad leader who is Dragon and Pool's boss.
Chu Tit-wo as Boss Bull (黑牛), a triad leader who is Kent's rival.
Parkman Wong as Ricky, the main leader of the triad that Kent, Dragon and Pool belong to whom the trio is not find of
Wong Chak-man as Simon, June's fiancé.
Tam Sin-hung as Gigi's mother.
Kwong Wai-keung
Henry Fong as a rich man who wants to be Gigi's suitor.
Chan King-cheung as Uncle Wong (黃伯), Dragon's boss who is the manager of Lung Fung Restaurant.
Gilbert Lam as Johnny, June's ex-boyfriend.
Ho Yee-ming
David Lam
Cheng Wai-keung
Strawberry Yeung as Apple, Gigi's colleague who sets Gigi up to have sex with Brother Wai to earn money for herself.
Jameson Lam as Brother Wai's drinking friend
So Wai-nam as Pool's underling.
Leung Sam as a triad elder.
Hon San as a triad thug.
Yeung Wan-king as a bar keeper.
Chuk Kwai-po as a triad thug hired to attacks Dragon.
Douglas Kung
Ken Yip
Music
Theme song
Song: Love Without Fate (相愛沒緣份)
Singer: Andy Lau, Charine Chan
Composer: Lowell Lo
Lyricst: Calvin Poon
Arrange: Andrew Tuason
Insert theme
Song: Building True Love During Tribulation (患難建真情)
Singer: Shirley Kwan
Composer/Lyricist: Terence Choi
Arranger: Antonio Arevalo Jr.
External links
Lung Fung Restaurant at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
Lung Fung Restaurant at Hong Kong Cinemagic
Lung Fung Restaurant at IMDb | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"film"
]
} |
Lung Fung Restaurant is a 1990 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Poon Man-kit and starring Max Mok, Stephen Chow, Ellen Chan and Charine Chan.
Plot
Dragon Ching (Max Mok) is a former triad member who was recently released from prison two weeks ago after a four-year stint and is working as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant. He reunites with his triad friend and sworn brother, Rubbish Pool (Stephen Chow), who believes Dragon is too good to work for someone else. When Pool's girlfriend, Apple (Strawberry Yeung) a club hostess, gets beat up by her colleagues, Gigi (Ellen Chan) and June (Charine Chan) when she tried to set up Gigi to have sex with a rich man, Brother Wai, Apple calls Pool to negotiate with Gigi and June. Pool is accompanied by Dragon in the negotiation and let Gigi and June go after they realized the situation while Dragon and Gigi have mutual attraction towards each other, but the latter is unwilling to admit.
Dragon encounters Gigi the next day while visiting his triad boss, Uncle Kent (Ng Man-tat), in the hospital with Pool and again at night while hanging out at the night club she works at. Dragon begins to actively pursue Gigi even to point of helping her mother with physical therapy, but Gigi purposely acts cold. One night, Brother Wai and a group of triad thugs try to kidnap her from the nightclub to retaliate for ditching him but Dragon arrives to in time to rescue her and she finally accepts him. However, the next night, Dragon was ambushed and attacked by triad members hired by Wai who turns out to be members of the same gang Dragon belongs to. Gigi finds out about this and realizes he has been avoiding her until one night when he shows up when she gets off work and they kiss passionately and begin dating. Eventually, they begin to plan their marriage.
Kent and Pool sets up a negotiation with rival triad boss Bull (Chu Tit-wo) sets a negotiation at Lung Fung Restaurant that does not go well and breaks into a brawl which Dragon, while on duty, steps in and saves Kent and holds Bull hostage with chopsticks on his throat. However, the main leader of their gang, Rocky (Parkman Wong) has business going with Bull and demands Dragon to apologise to Bull, who tricks Dragon to drink a bottle of pepper oil.
While having lunch with Gigi and June, Dragon and Pool bump into Bull and his underlings who insult them so Pool attacks them at the parking lot and was injured as a result. Dragon decides to strike back at Bull much to the dismay of Gigi, who worries about his safety, and they get into an argument. Dragon then sees Gigi kissed by a rich suitor and beats the suitor up before he discovers she rejected the suitor. Afterwards, Gigi leaves while leaving a note for Dragon saying she was greatly hurt while loving him. After reading the note, Dragon runs to win her back, but is stopped by Pool, who informs him a rival triad has ordered a hit on Kent and Dragon joins Pool to rescue Kent. In the ensuing triad brawl, Kent and Pool were killed while Dragon was arrested and imprisoned for six years. After Dragon is released from prison, he becomes a taxi driver and when he is about to go off work, Gigi boards his taxi. After talking to each other, it is revealed that Gigi is now a sale rep with a son while Dragon has a new girlfriend.
Cast
Max Mok as Dragon Ching (程一龍), a triad member and ex-con who works as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant (龍鳳茶樓).
Stephen Chow as Rubbish Pool (垃圾馳), a second-tier triad leader and Ching's sworn brother who is foul-mouthed.
Ellen Chan as Gigi (阿鳳), a club hostess who refuses to provide sexual services and was once hurt by a man he loved in the past.
Charine Chan as June, Gigi's best friend and colleague who lives together with her.
Ng Man-tat as Uncle Kent (堅叔), a triad leader who is Dragon and Pool's boss.
Chu Tit-wo as Boss Bull (黑牛), a triad leader who is Kent's rival.
Parkman Wong as Ricky, the main leader of the triad that Kent, Dragon and Pool belong to whom the trio is not find of
Wong Chak-man as Simon, June's fiancé.
Tam Sin-hung as Gigi's mother.
Kwong Wai-keung
Henry Fong as a rich man who wants to be Gigi's suitor.
Chan King-cheung as Uncle Wong (黃伯), Dragon's boss who is the manager of Lung Fung Restaurant.
Gilbert Lam as Johnny, June's ex-boyfriend.
Ho Yee-ming
David Lam
Cheng Wai-keung
Strawberry Yeung as Apple, Gigi's colleague who sets Gigi up to have sex with Brother Wai to earn money for herself.
Jameson Lam as Brother Wai's drinking friend
So Wai-nam as Pool's underling.
Leung Sam as a triad elder.
Hon San as a triad thug.
Yeung Wan-king as a bar keeper.
Chuk Kwai-po as a triad thug hired to attacks Dragon.
Douglas Kung
Ken Yip
Music
Theme song
Song: Love Without Fate (相愛沒緣份)
Singer: Andy Lau, Charine Chan
Composer: Lowell Lo
Lyricst: Calvin Poon
Arrange: Andrew Tuason
Insert theme
Song: Building True Love During Tribulation (患難建真情)
Singer: Shirley Kwan
Composer/Lyricist: Terence Choi
Arranger: Antonio Arevalo Jr.
External links
Lung Fung Restaurant at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
Lung Fung Restaurant at Hong Kong Cinemagic
Lung Fung Restaurant at IMDb | director | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"Poon Man-kit"
]
} |
Lung Fung Restaurant is a 1990 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Poon Man-kit and starring Max Mok, Stephen Chow, Ellen Chan and Charine Chan.
Plot
Dragon Ching (Max Mok) is a former triad member who was recently released from prison two weeks ago after a four-year stint and is working as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant. He reunites with his triad friend and sworn brother, Rubbish Pool (Stephen Chow), who believes Dragon is too good to work for someone else. When Pool's girlfriend, Apple (Strawberry Yeung) a club hostess, gets beat up by her colleagues, Gigi (Ellen Chan) and June (Charine Chan) when she tried to set up Gigi to have sex with a rich man, Brother Wai, Apple calls Pool to negotiate with Gigi and June. Pool is accompanied by Dragon in the negotiation and let Gigi and June go after they realized the situation while Dragon and Gigi have mutual attraction towards each other, but the latter is unwilling to admit.
Dragon encounters Gigi the next day while visiting his triad boss, Uncle Kent (Ng Man-tat), in the hospital with Pool and again at night while hanging out at the night club she works at. Dragon begins to actively pursue Gigi even to point of helping her mother with physical therapy, but Gigi purposely acts cold. One night, Brother Wai and a group of triad thugs try to kidnap her from the nightclub to retaliate for ditching him but Dragon arrives to in time to rescue her and she finally accepts him. However, the next night, Dragon was ambushed and attacked by triad members hired by Wai who turns out to be members of the same gang Dragon belongs to. Gigi finds out about this and realizes he has been avoiding her until one night when he shows up when she gets off work and they kiss passionately and begin dating. Eventually, they begin to plan their marriage.
Kent and Pool sets up a negotiation with rival triad boss Bull (Chu Tit-wo) sets a negotiation at Lung Fung Restaurant that does not go well and breaks into a brawl which Dragon, while on duty, steps in and saves Kent and holds Bull hostage with chopsticks on his throat. However, the main leader of their gang, Rocky (Parkman Wong) has business going with Bull and demands Dragon to apologise to Bull, who tricks Dragon to drink a bottle of pepper oil.
While having lunch with Gigi and June, Dragon and Pool bump into Bull and his underlings who insult them so Pool attacks them at the parking lot and was injured as a result. Dragon decides to strike back at Bull much to the dismay of Gigi, who worries about his safety, and they get into an argument. Dragon then sees Gigi kissed by a rich suitor and beats the suitor up before he discovers she rejected the suitor. Afterwards, Gigi leaves while leaving a note for Dragon saying she was greatly hurt while loving him. After reading the note, Dragon runs to win her back, but is stopped by Pool, who informs him a rival triad has ordered a hit on Kent and Dragon joins Pool to rescue Kent. In the ensuing triad brawl, Kent and Pool were killed while Dragon was arrested and imprisoned for six years. After Dragon is released from prison, he becomes a taxi driver and when he is about to go off work, Gigi boards his taxi. After talking to each other, it is revealed that Gigi is now a sale rep with a son while Dragon has a new girlfriend.
Cast
Max Mok as Dragon Ching (程一龍), a triad member and ex-con who works as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant (龍鳳茶樓).
Stephen Chow as Rubbish Pool (垃圾馳), a second-tier triad leader and Ching's sworn brother who is foul-mouthed.
Ellen Chan as Gigi (阿鳳), a club hostess who refuses to provide sexual services and was once hurt by a man he loved in the past.
Charine Chan as June, Gigi's best friend and colleague who lives together with her.
Ng Man-tat as Uncle Kent (堅叔), a triad leader who is Dragon and Pool's boss.
Chu Tit-wo as Boss Bull (黑牛), a triad leader who is Kent's rival.
Parkman Wong as Ricky, the main leader of the triad that Kent, Dragon and Pool belong to whom the trio is not find of
Wong Chak-man as Simon, June's fiancé.
Tam Sin-hung as Gigi's mother.
Kwong Wai-keung
Henry Fong as a rich man who wants to be Gigi's suitor.
Chan King-cheung as Uncle Wong (黃伯), Dragon's boss who is the manager of Lung Fung Restaurant.
Gilbert Lam as Johnny, June's ex-boyfriend.
Ho Yee-ming
David Lam
Cheng Wai-keung
Strawberry Yeung as Apple, Gigi's colleague who sets Gigi up to have sex with Brother Wai to earn money for herself.
Jameson Lam as Brother Wai's drinking friend
So Wai-nam as Pool's underling.
Leung Sam as a triad elder.
Hon San as a triad thug.
Yeung Wan-king as a bar keeper.
Chuk Kwai-po as a triad thug hired to attacks Dragon.
Douglas Kung
Ken Yip
Music
Theme song
Song: Love Without Fate (相愛沒緣份)
Singer: Andy Lau, Charine Chan
Composer: Lowell Lo
Lyricst: Calvin Poon
Arrange: Andrew Tuason
Insert theme
Song: Building True Love During Tribulation (患難建真情)
Singer: Shirley Kwan
Composer/Lyricist: Terence Choi
Arranger: Antonio Arevalo Jr.
External links
Lung Fung Restaurant at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
Lung Fung Restaurant at Hong Kong Cinemagic
Lung Fung Restaurant at IMDb | composer | {
"answer_start": [
4779
],
"text": [
"Lowell Lo"
]
} |
Lung Fung Restaurant is a 1990 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Poon Man-kit and starring Max Mok, Stephen Chow, Ellen Chan and Charine Chan.
Plot
Dragon Ching (Max Mok) is a former triad member who was recently released from prison two weeks ago after a four-year stint and is working as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant. He reunites with his triad friend and sworn brother, Rubbish Pool (Stephen Chow), who believes Dragon is too good to work for someone else. When Pool's girlfriend, Apple (Strawberry Yeung) a club hostess, gets beat up by her colleagues, Gigi (Ellen Chan) and June (Charine Chan) when she tried to set up Gigi to have sex with a rich man, Brother Wai, Apple calls Pool to negotiate with Gigi and June. Pool is accompanied by Dragon in the negotiation and let Gigi and June go after they realized the situation while Dragon and Gigi have mutual attraction towards each other, but the latter is unwilling to admit.
Dragon encounters Gigi the next day while visiting his triad boss, Uncle Kent (Ng Man-tat), in the hospital with Pool and again at night while hanging out at the night club she works at. Dragon begins to actively pursue Gigi even to point of helping her mother with physical therapy, but Gigi purposely acts cold. One night, Brother Wai and a group of triad thugs try to kidnap her from the nightclub to retaliate for ditching him but Dragon arrives to in time to rescue her and she finally accepts him. However, the next night, Dragon was ambushed and attacked by triad members hired by Wai who turns out to be members of the same gang Dragon belongs to. Gigi finds out about this and realizes he has been avoiding her until one night when he shows up when she gets off work and they kiss passionately and begin dating. Eventually, they begin to plan their marriage.
Kent and Pool sets up a negotiation with rival triad boss Bull (Chu Tit-wo) sets a negotiation at Lung Fung Restaurant that does not go well and breaks into a brawl which Dragon, while on duty, steps in and saves Kent and holds Bull hostage with chopsticks on his throat. However, the main leader of their gang, Rocky (Parkman Wong) has business going with Bull and demands Dragon to apologise to Bull, who tricks Dragon to drink a bottle of pepper oil.
While having lunch with Gigi and June, Dragon and Pool bump into Bull and his underlings who insult them so Pool attacks them at the parking lot and was injured as a result. Dragon decides to strike back at Bull much to the dismay of Gigi, who worries about his safety, and they get into an argument. Dragon then sees Gigi kissed by a rich suitor and beats the suitor up before he discovers she rejected the suitor. Afterwards, Gigi leaves while leaving a note for Dragon saying she was greatly hurt while loving him. After reading the note, Dragon runs to win her back, but is stopped by Pool, who informs him a rival triad has ordered a hit on Kent and Dragon joins Pool to rescue Kent. In the ensuing triad brawl, Kent and Pool were killed while Dragon was arrested and imprisoned for six years. After Dragon is released from prison, he becomes a taxi driver and when he is about to go off work, Gigi boards his taxi. After talking to each other, it is revealed that Gigi is now a sale rep with a son while Dragon has a new girlfriend.
Cast
Max Mok as Dragon Ching (程一龍), a triad member and ex-con who works as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant (龍鳳茶樓).
Stephen Chow as Rubbish Pool (垃圾馳), a second-tier triad leader and Ching's sworn brother who is foul-mouthed.
Ellen Chan as Gigi (阿鳳), a club hostess who refuses to provide sexual services and was once hurt by a man he loved in the past.
Charine Chan as June, Gigi's best friend and colleague who lives together with her.
Ng Man-tat as Uncle Kent (堅叔), a triad leader who is Dragon and Pool's boss.
Chu Tit-wo as Boss Bull (黑牛), a triad leader who is Kent's rival.
Parkman Wong as Ricky, the main leader of the triad that Kent, Dragon and Pool belong to whom the trio is not find of
Wong Chak-man as Simon, June's fiancé.
Tam Sin-hung as Gigi's mother.
Kwong Wai-keung
Henry Fong as a rich man who wants to be Gigi's suitor.
Chan King-cheung as Uncle Wong (黃伯), Dragon's boss who is the manager of Lung Fung Restaurant.
Gilbert Lam as Johnny, June's ex-boyfriend.
Ho Yee-ming
David Lam
Cheng Wai-keung
Strawberry Yeung as Apple, Gigi's colleague who sets Gigi up to have sex with Brother Wai to earn money for herself.
Jameson Lam as Brother Wai's drinking friend
So Wai-nam as Pool's underling.
Leung Sam as a triad elder.
Hon San as a triad thug.
Yeung Wan-king as a bar keeper.
Chuk Kwai-po as a triad thug hired to attacks Dragon.
Douglas Kung
Ken Yip
Music
Theme song
Song: Love Without Fate (相愛沒緣份)
Singer: Andy Lau, Charine Chan
Composer: Lowell Lo
Lyricst: Calvin Poon
Arrange: Andrew Tuason
Insert theme
Song: Building True Love During Tribulation (患難建真情)
Singer: Shirley Kwan
Composer/Lyricist: Terence Choi
Arranger: Antonio Arevalo Jr.
External links
Lung Fung Restaurant at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
Lung Fung Restaurant at Hong Kong Cinemagic
Lung Fung Restaurant at IMDb | genre | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"romantic comedy"
]
} |
Lung Fung Restaurant is a 1990 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Poon Man-kit and starring Max Mok, Stephen Chow, Ellen Chan and Charine Chan.
Plot
Dragon Ching (Max Mok) is a former triad member who was recently released from prison two weeks ago after a four-year stint and is working as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant. He reunites with his triad friend and sworn brother, Rubbish Pool (Stephen Chow), who believes Dragon is too good to work for someone else. When Pool's girlfriend, Apple (Strawberry Yeung) a club hostess, gets beat up by her colleagues, Gigi (Ellen Chan) and June (Charine Chan) when she tried to set up Gigi to have sex with a rich man, Brother Wai, Apple calls Pool to negotiate with Gigi and June. Pool is accompanied by Dragon in the negotiation and let Gigi and June go after they realized the situation while Dragon and Gigi have mutual attraction towards each other, but the latter is unwilling to admit.
Dragon encounters Gigi the next day while visiting his triad boss, Uncle Kent (Ng Man-tat), in the hospital with Pool and again at night while hanging out at the night club she works at. Dragon begins to actively pursue Gigi even to point of helping her mother with physical therapy, but Gigi purposely acts cold. One night, Brother Wai and a group of triad thugs try to kidnap her from the nightclub to retaliate for ditching him but Dragon arrives to in time to rescue her and she finally accepts him. However, the next night, Dragon was ambushed and attacked by triad members hired by Wai who turns out to be members of the same gang Dragon belongs to. Gigi finds out about this and realizes he has been avoiding her until one night when he shows up when she gets off work and they kiss passionately and begin dating. Eventually, they begin to plan their marriage.
Kent and Pool sets up a negotiation with rival triad boss Bull (Chu Tit-wo) sets a negotiation at Lung Fung Restaurant that does not go well and breaks into a brawl which Dragon, while on duty, steps in and saves Kent and holds Bull hostage with chopsticks on his throat. However, the main leader of their gang, Rocky (Parkman Wong) has business going with Bull and demands Dragon to apologise to Bull, who tricks Dragon to drink a bottle of pepper oil.
While having lunch with Gigi and June, Dragon and Pool bump into Bull and his underlings who insult them so Pool attacks them at the parking lot and was injured as a result. Dragon decides to strike back at Bull much to the dismay of Gigi, who worries about his safety, and they get into an argument. Dragon then sees Gigi kissed by a rich suitor and beats the suitor up before he discovers she rejected the suitor. Afterwards, Gigi leaves while leaving a note for Dragon saying she was greatly hurt while loving him. After reading the note, Dragon runs to win her back, but is stopped by Pool, who informs him a rival triad has ordered a hit on Kent and Dragon joins Pool to rescue Kent. In the ensuing triad brawl, Kent and Pool were killed while Dragon was arrested and imprisoned for six years. After Dragon is released from prison, he becomes a taxi driver and when he is about to go off work, Gigi boards his taxi. After talking to each other, it is revealed that Gigi is now a sale rep with a son while Dragon has a new girlfriend.
Cast
Max Mok as Dragon Ching (程一龍), a triad member and ex-con who works as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant (龍鳳茶樓).
Stephen Chow as Rubbish Pool (垃圾馳), a second-tier triad leader and Ching's sworn brother who is foul-mouthed.
Ellen Chan as Gigi (阿鳳), a club hostess who refuses to provide sexual services and was once hurt by a man he loved in the past.
Charine Chan as June, Gigi's best friend and colleague who lives together with her.
Ng Man-tat as Uncle Kent (堅叔), a triad leader who is Dragon and Pool's boss.
Chu Tit-wo as Boss Bull (黑牛), a triad leader who is Kent's rival.
Parkman Wong as Ricky, the main leader of the triad that Kent, Dragon and Pool belong to whom the trio is not find of
Wong Chak-man as Simon, June's fiancé.
Tam Sin-hung as Gigi's mother.
Kwong Wai-keung
Henry Fong as a rich man who wants to be Gigi's suitor.
Chan King-cheung as Uncle Wong (黃伯), Dragon's boss who is the manager of Lung Fung Restaurant.
Gilbert Lam as Johnny, June's ex-boyfriend.
Ho Yee-ming
David Lam
Cheng Wai-keung
Strawberry Yeung as Apple, Gigi's colleague who sets Gigi up to have sex with Brother Wai to earn money for herself.
Jameson Lam as Brother Wai's drinking friend
So Wai-nam as Pool's underling.
Leung Sam as a triad elder.
Hon San as a triad thug.
Yeung Wan-king as a bar keeper.
Chuk Kwai-po as a triad thug hired to attacks Dragon.
Douglas Kung
Ken Yip
Music
Theme song
Song: Love Without Fate (相愛沒緣份)
Singer: Andy Lau, Charine Chan
Composer: Lowell Lo
Lyricst: Calvin Poon
Arrange: Andrew Tuason
Insert theme
Song: Building True Love During Tribulation (患難建真情)
Singer: Shirley Kwan
Composer/Lyricist: Terence Choi
Arranger: Antonio Arevalo Jr.
External links
Lung Fung Restaurant at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
Lung Fung Restaurant at Hong Kong Cinemagic
Lung Fung Restaurant at IMDb | cast member | {
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"Stephen Chow"
]
} |
Lung Fung Restaurant is a 1990 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Poon Man-kit and starring Max Mok, Stephen Chow, Ellen Chan and Charine Chan.
Plot
Dragon Ching (Max Mok) is a former triad member who was recently released from prison two weeks ago after a four-year stint and is working as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant. He reunites with his triad friend and sworn brother, Rubbish Pool (Stephen Chow), who believes Dragon is too good to work for someone else. When Pool's girlfriend, Apple (Strawberry Yeung) a club hostess, gets beat up by her colleagues, Gigi (Ellen Chan) and June (Charine Chan) when she tried to set up Gigi to have sex with a rich man, Brother Wai, Apple calls Pool to negotiate with Gigi and June. Pool is accompanied by Dragon in the negotiation and let Gigi and June go after they realized the situation while Dragon and Gigi have mutual attraction towards each other, but the latter is unwilling to admit.
Dragon encounters Gigi the next day while visiting his triad boss, Uncle Kent (Ng Man-tat), in the hospital with Pool and again at night while hanging out at the night club she works at. Dragon begins to actively pursue Gigi even to point of helping her mother with physical therapy, but Gigi purposely acts cold. One night, Brother Wai and a group of triad thugs try to kidnap her from the nightclub to retaliate for ditching him but Dragon arrives to in time to rescue her and she finally accepts him. However, the next night, Dragon was ambushed and attacked by triad members hired by Wai who turns out to be members of the same gang Dragon belongs to. Gigi finds out about this and realizes he has been avoiding her until one night when he shows up when she gets off work and they kiss passionately and begin dating. Eventually, they begin to plan their marriage.
Kent and Pool sets up a negotiation with rival triad boss Bull (Chu Tit-wo) sets a negotiation at Lung Fung Restaurant that does not go well and breaks into a brawl which Dragon, while on duty, steps in and saves Kent and holds Bull hostage with chopsticks on his throat. However, the main leader of their gang, Rocky (Parkman Wong) has business going with Bull and demands Dragon to apologise to Bull, who tricks Dragon to drink a bottle of pepper oil.
While having lunch with Gigi and June, Dragon and Pool bump into Bull and his underlings who insult them so Pool attacks them at the parking lot and was injured as a result. Dragon decides to strike back at Bull much to the dismay of Gigi, who worries about his safety, and they get into an argument. Dragon then sees Gigi kissed by a rich suitor and beats the suitor up before he discovers she rejected the suitor. Afterwards, Gigi leaves while leaving a note for Dragon saying she was greatly hurt while loving him. After reading the note, Dragon runs to win her back, but is stopped by Pool, who informs him a rival triad has ordered a hit on Kent and Dragon joins Pool to rescue Kent. In the ensuing triad brawl, Kent and Pool were killed while Dragon was arrested and imprisoned for six years. After Dragon is released from prison, he becomes a taxi driver and when he is about to go off work, Gigi boards his taxi. After talking to each other, it is revealed that Gigi is now a sale rep with a son while Dragon has a new girlfriend.
Cast
Max Mok as Dragon Ching (程一龍), a triad member and ex-con who works as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant (龍鳳茶樓).
Stephen Chow as Rubbish Pool (垃圾馳), a second-tier triad leader and Ching's sworn brother who is foul-mouthed.
Ellen Chan as Gigi (阿鳳), a club hostess who refuses to provide sexual services and was once hurt by a man he loved in the past.
Charine Chan as June, Gigi's best friend and colleague who lives together with her.
Ng Man-tat as Uncle Kent (堅叔), a triad leader who is Dragon and Pool's boss.
Chu Tit-wo as Boss Bull (黑牛), a triad leader who is Kent's rival.
Parkman Wong as Ricky, the main leader of the triad that Kent, Dragon and Pool belong to whom the trio is not find of
Wong Chak-man as Simon, June's fiancé.
Tam Sin-hung as Gigi's mother.
Kwong Wai-keung
Henry Fong as a rich man who wants to be Gigi's suitor.
Chan King-cheung as Uncle Wong (黃伯), Dragon's boss who is the manager of Lung Fung Restaurant.
Gilbert Lam as Johnny, June's ex-boyfriend.
Ho Yee-ming
David Lam
Cheng Wai-keung
Strawberry Yeung as Apple, Gigi's colleague who sets Gigi up to have sex with Brother Wai to earn money for herself.
Jameson Lam as Brother Wai's drinking friend
So Wai-nam as Pool's underling.
Leung Sam as a triad elder.
Hon San as a triad thug.
Yeung Wan-king as a bar keeper.
Chuk Kwai-po as a triad thug hired to attacks Dragon.
Douglas Kung
Ken Yip
Music
Theme song
Song: Love Without Fate (相愛沒緣份)
Singer: Andy Lau, Charine Chan
Composer: Lowell Lo
Lyricst: Calvin Poon
Arrange: Andrew Tuason
Insert theme
Song: Building True Love During Tribulation (患難建真情)
Singer: Shirley Kwan
Composer/Lyricist: Terence Choi
Arranger: Antonio Arevalo Jr.
External links
Lung Fung Restaurant at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
Lung Fung Restaurant at Hong Kong Cinemagic
Lung Fung Restaurant at IMDb | country of origin | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"Hong Kong"
]
} |
Lung Fung Restaurant is a 1990 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Poon Man-kit and starring Max Mok, Stephen Chow, Ellen Chan and Charine Chan.
Plot
Dragon Ching (Max Mok) is a former triad member who was recently released from prison two weeks ago after a four-year stint and is working as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant. He reunites with his triad friend and sworn brother, Rubbish Pool (Stephen Chow), who believes Dragon is too good to work for someone else. When Pool's girlfriend, Apple (Strawberry Yeung) a club hostess, gets beat up by her colleagues, Gigi (Ellen Chan) and June (Charine Chan) when she tried to set up Gigi to have sex with a rich man, Brother Wai, Apple calls Pool to negotiate with Gigi and June. Pool is accompanied by Dragon in the negotiation and let Gigi and June go after they realized the situation while Dragon and Gigi have mutual attraction towards each other, but the latter is unwilling to admit.
Dragon encounters Gigi the next day while visiting his triad boss, Uncle Kent (Ng Man-tat), in the hospital with Pool and again at night while hanging out at the night club she works at. Dragon begins to actively pursue Gigi even to point of helping her mother with physical therapy, but Gigi purposely acts cold. One night, Brother Wai and a group of triad thugs try to kidnap her from the nightclub to retaliate for ditching him but Dragon arrives to in time to rescue her and she finally accepts him. However, the next night, Dragon was ambushed and attacked by triad members hired by Wai who turns out to be members of the same gang Dragon belongs to. Gigi finds out about this and realizes he has been avoiding her until one night when he shows up when she gets off work and they kiss passionately and begin dating. Eventually, they begin to plan their marriage.
Kent and Pool sets up a negotiation with rival triad boss Bull (Chu Tit-wo) sets a negotiation at Lung Fung Restaurant that does not go well and breaks into a brawl which Dragon, while on duty, steps in and saves Kent and holds Bull hostage with chopsticks on his throat. However, the main leader of their gang, Rocky (Parkman Wong) has business going with Bull and demands Dragon to apologise to Bull, who tricks Dragon to drink a bottle of pepper oil.
While having lunch with Gigi and June, Dragon and Pool bump into Bull and his underlings who insult them so Pool attacks them at the parking lot and was injured as a result. Dragon decides to strike back at Bull much to the dismay of Gigi, who worries about his safety, and they get into an argument. Dragon then sees Gigi kissed by a rich suitor and beats the suitor up before he discovers she rejected the suitor. Afterwards, Gigi leaves while leaving a note for Dragon saying she was greatly hurt while loving him. After reading the note, Dragon runs to win her back, but is stopped by Pool, who informs him a rival triad has ordered a hit on Kent and Dragon joins Pool to rescue Kent. In the ensuing triad brawl, Kent and Pool were killed while Dragon was arrested and imprisoned for six years. After Dragon is released from prison, he becomes a taxi driver and when he is about to go off work, Gigi boards his taxi. After talking to each other, it is revealed that Gigi is now a sale rep with a son while Dragon has a new girlfriend.
Cast
Max Mok as Dragon Ching (程一龍), a triad member and ex-con who works as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant (龍鳳茶樓).
Stephen Chow as Rubbish Pool (垃圾馳), a second-tier triad leader and Ching's sworn brother who is foul-mouthed.
Ellen Chan as Gigi (阿鳳), a club hostess who refuses to provide sexual services and was once hurt by a man he loved in the past.
Charine Chan as June, Gigi's best friend and colleague who lives together with her.
Ng Man-tat as Uncle Kent (堅叔), a triad leader who is Dragon and Pool's boss.
Chu Tit-wo as Boss Bull (黑牛), a triad leader who is Kent's rival.
Parkman Wong as Ricky, the main leader of the triad that Kent, Dragon and Pool belong to whom the trio is not find of
Wong Chak-man as Simon, June's fiancé.
Tam Sin-hung as Gigi's mother.
Kwong Wai-keung
Henry Fong as a rich man who wants to be Gigi's suitor.
Chan King-cheung as Uncle Wong (黃伯), Dragon's boss who is the manager of Lung Fung Restaurant.
Gilbert Lam as Johnny, June's ex-boyfriend.
Ho Yee-ming
David Lam
Cheng Wai-keung
Strawberry Yeung as Apple, Gigi's colleague who sets Gigi up to have sex with Brother Wai to earn money for herself.
Jameson Lam as Brother Wai's drinking friend
So Wai-nam as Pool's underling.
Leung Sam as a triad elder.
Hon San as a triad thug.
Yeung Wan-king as a bar keeper.
Chuk Kwai-po as a triad thug hired to attacks Dragon.
Douglas Kung
Ken Yip
Music
Theme song
Song: Love Without Fate (相愛沒緣份)
Singer: Andy Lau, Charine Chan
Composer: Lowell Lo
Lyricst: Calvin Poon
Arrange: Andrew Tuason
Insert theme
Song: Building True Love During Tribulation (患難建真情)
Singer: Shirley Kwan
Composer/Lyricist: Terence Choi
Arranger: Antonio Arevalo Jr.
External links
Lung Fung Restaurant at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
Lung Fung Restaurant at Hong Kong Cinemagic
Lung Fung Restaurant at IMDb | narrative location | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"Hong Kong"
]
} |
Lung Fung Restaurant is a 1990 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Poon Man-kit and starring Max Mok, Stephen Chow, Ellen Chan and Charine Chan.
Plot
Dragon Ching (Max Mok) is a former triad member who was recently released from prison two weeks ago after a four-year stint and is working as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant. He reunites with his triad friend and sworn brother, Rubbish Pool (Stephen Chow), who believes Dragon is too good to work for someone else. When Pool's girlfriend, Apple (Strawberry Yeung) a club hostess, gets beat up by her colleagues, Gigi (Ellen Chan) and June (Charine Chan) when she tried to set up Gigi to have sex with a rich man, Brother Wai, Apple calls Pool to negotiate with Gigi and June. Pool is accompanied by Dragon in the negotiation and let Gigi and June go after they realized the situation while Dragon and Gigi have mutual attraction towards each other, but the latter is unwilling to admit.
Dragon encounters Gigi the next day while visiting his triad boss, Uncle Kent (Ng Man-tat), in the hospital with Pool and again at night while hanging out at the night club she works at. Dragon begins to actively pursue Gigi even to point of helping her mother with physical therapy, but Gigi purposely acts cold. One night, Brother Wai and a group of triad thugs try to kidnap her from the nightclub to retaliate for ditching him but Dragon arrives to in time to rescue her and she finally accepts him. However, the next night, Dragon was ambushed and attacked by triad members hired by Wai who turns out to be members of the same gang Dragon belongs to. Gigi finds out about this and realizes he has been avoiding her until one night when he shows up when she gets off work and they kiss passionately and begin dating. Eventually, they begin to plan their marriage.
Kent and Pool sets up a negotiation with rival triad boss Bull (Chu Tit-wo) sets a negotiation at Lung Fung Restaurant that does not go well and breaks into a brawl which Dragon, while on duty, steps in and saves Kent and holds Bull hostage with chopsticks on his throat. However, the main leader of their gang, Rocky (Parkman Wong) has business going with Bull and demands Dragon to apologise to Bull, who tricks Dragon to drink a bottle of pepper oil.
While having lunch with Gigi and June, Dragon and Pool bump into Bull and his underlings who insult them so Pool attacks them at the parking lot and was injured as a result. Dragon decides to strike back at Bull much to the dismay of Gigi, who worries about his safety, and they get into an argument. Dragon then sees Gigi kissed by a rich suitor and beats the suitor up before he discovers she rejected the suitor. Afterwards, Gigi leaves while leaving a note for Dragon saying she was greatly hurt while loving him. After reading the note, Dragon runs to win her back, but is stopped by Pool, who informs him a rival triad has ordered a hit on Kent and Dragon joins Pool to rescue Kent. In the ensuing triad brawl, Kent and Pool were killed while Dragon was arrested and imprisoned for six years. After Dragon is released from prison, he becomes a taxi driver and when he is about to go off work, Gigi boards his taxi. After talking to each other, it is revealed that Gigi is now a sale rep with a son while Dragon has a new girlfriend.
Cast
Max Mok as Dragon Ching (程一龍), a triad member and ex-con who works as a waiter at Lung Fung Restaurant (龍鳳茶樓).
Stephen Chow as Rubbish Pool (垃圾馳), a second-tier triad leader and Ching's sworn brother who is foul-mouthed.
Ellen Chan as Gigi (阿鳳), a club hostess who refuses to provide sexual services and was once hurt by a man he loved in the past.
Charine Chan as June, Gigi's best friend and colleague who lives together with her.
Ng Man-tat as Uncle Kent (堅叔), a triad leader who is Dragon and Pool's boss.
Chu Tit-wo as Boss Bull (黑牛), a triad leader who is Kent's rival.
Parkman Wong as Ricky, the main leader of the triad that Kent, Dragon and Pool belong to whom the trio is not find of
Wong Chak-man as Simon, June's fiancé.
Tam Sin-hung as Gigi's mother.
Kwong Wai-keung
Henry Fong as a rich man who wants to be Gigi's suitor.
Chan King-cheung as Uncle Wong (黃伯), Dragon's boss who is the manager of Lung Fung Restaurant.
Gilbert Lam as Johnny, June's ex-boyfriend.
Ho Yee-ming
David Lam
Cheng Wai-keung
Strawberry Yeung as Apple, Gigi's colleague who sets Gigi up to have sex with Brother Wai to earn money for herself.
Jameson Lam as Brother Wai's drinking friend
So Wai-nam as Pool's underling.
Leung Sam as a triad elder.
Hon San as a triad thug.
Yeung Wan-king as a bar keeper.
Chuk Kwai-po as a triad thug hired to attacks Dragon.
Douglas Kung
Ken Yip
Music
Theme song
Song: Love Without Fate (相愛沒緣份)
Singer: Andy Lau, Charine Chan
Composer: Lowell Lo
Lyricst: Calvin Poon
Arrange: Andrew Tuason
Insert theme
Song: Building True Love During Tribulation (患難建真情)
Singer: Shirley Kwan
Composer/Lyricist: Terence Choi
Arranger: Antonio Arevalo Jr.
External links
Lung Fung Restaurant at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
Lung Fung Restaurant at Hong Kong Cinemagic
Lung Fung Restaurant at IMDb | filming location | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"Hong Kong"
]
} |
Bangladesh competed at the 2009 Asian Youth Games held in Singapore from June 29 to July 7, 2009. Total 12 athletes form Bangladesh participated in 4 events, 3-on-3 Basketball, Athletics, Shooting and Swimming.
Medalists
Bangladesh did not win any medal in 2009 Asian Youth Games.
Basketball
Boys (Group A)
Bangladesh did not advance in next stage.
Athletics
Boys
Girls
Shooting
Boys
Girls
Swimming
Boys
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bangladesh"
]
} |
Bangladesh competed at the 2009 Asian Youth Games held in Singapore from June 29 to July 7, 2009. Total 12 athletes form Bangladesh participated in 4 events, 3-on-3 Basketball, Athletics, Shooting and Swimming.
Medalists
Bangladesh did not win any medal in 2009 Asian Youth Games.
Basketball
Boys (Group A)
Bangladesh did not advance in next stage.
Athletics
Boys
Girls
Shooting
Boys
Girls
Swimming
Boys
== References == | participant in | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"2009 Asian Youth Games"
]
} |
James Robert Glass (born 1 August 1973) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He is chiefly remembered for scoring the last-minute goal which kept Carlisle United in the Football League in 1999, while on loan from Swindon Town. The drama of Glass's late goal, which came in one of only three games that he played for Carlisle, has since made it famous in English football at a level beyond its immediate ramifications.Beyond the Carlisle goal, Glass's most notable time with a club was three seasons playing for AFC Bournemouth from 1996 to 1998, his only regular spell at a Football League club; he retired from football in 2001 aged 27.
Career
Early career
Glass had a journeyman's career in football, playing for many clubs, initially as a reserve keeper for Crystal Palace. He never played a first team game for the Eagles, but was an unused substitute several times, including the 1995 FA Cup semi-final replay against Manchester United, which Palace lost 2–0 at Villa Park. He was transferred to AFC Bournemouth a year later.
The closest he came to a trophy in senior football was reaching the final of the Football League Trophy with Bournemouth in 1998 – Glass scored an own goal in the match, and Bournemouth lost 2–1. It was the last own goal scored at the old Wembley. Glass moved to Swindon Town in the summer of 1998, but after falling out with the manager, Jimmy Quinn, was unable to gain a regular place in the team.
Carlisle United
He moved to Carlisle United on loan from Swindon late that season (after goalkeeper Tony Caig was sold to Blackpool and Richard Knight's loan period had been cut short due to injury). His moment of fame came on 8 May 1999, in the final match of the 1998–99 Third Division season against Plymouth Argyle, which Carlisle needed to win to avoid relegation. With the score 1–1 with only ten seconds remaining, and Carlisle winning a corner, Glass came up from his own penalty area and promptly scored a last minute goal, volleying the ball in after the Plymouth goalkeeper had parried out Scott Dobie's goalbound header. Carlisle got the win they needed and Scarborough were relegated to the Football Conference instead after a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United. Scarborough's match had already finished before Glass scored, and their fans had already been celebrating on the pitch at the McCain Stadium.
So ... deep, deep, deep, I make it sixty seconds. Jimmy Glass knocks it long. It comes now to Bagshaw. Bagshaw back to Anthony. Up to Stevens ... and the ball goes out now for a corner to Carlisle United – will they have time to take it? Referee looks at his watch ... and here comes Jimmy Glass! Carlisle United goalkeeper Jimmy Glass is coming up for the kick – everyone is going up ... there isn't one player in the Carlisle half! Well, well ... and the corner kick comes in ... and ... the goalkeeper's punch ... oh ... Jimmy Glass! Jimmy Glass! Jimmy Glass, the goalkeeper, has scored a goal for Carlisle United! There's a pitch invasion! There is a pitch invasion! The referee has been swamped – they're bouncing on the crossbar!
His goal was selected as the 72nd greatest sporting moment ever by the Channel 4 programme 100 Greatest Sporting Moments. The goal was also ranked 7th in The Times newspaper's list of the 50 most important goals in football history. His goal against Plymouth Argyle was number 15 in the 20 Goals That Shook the World on ITV4. The Puma boots with which he scored the goal were donated to the National Football Museum in 2014.
After Carlisle United
Despite his brief fame, this was the last of just three matches Glass played at Carlisle, who were unable to sign him on a permanent basis. Glass spent time at several other clubs, including Oxford United and Brentford, before moving to non-league clubs, and then quitting football altogether. He reportedly scored six goals two weeks running whilst playing Sunday league football in Bournemouth, playing as a striker. He wrote an autobiography, entitled One Hit Wonder.Author Gabriel Kuhn described Glass's fame by saying:
Football allows for magic experiences and incredible personal stories, such as when no-name goalkeeper Jimmy Glass saved Carlisle United from relegation to amateur football (sic) in 1999 with a last-minute goal, only to disappear into anonymity again shortly after.
After football
Glass retired from professional football at the age of 27, and became an IT salesman. He later became a taxi driver in Dorset.In a 2013 BBC interview Glass stated: "It is quite tough because some go on to fame and fortune and some go on to driving a cab and living a normal life like me. It is quite difficult to understand your place in life from being this guy who will never be forgotten to being the guy worrying about your next bill. The goal was an amazing part of my life and is there to be enjoyed, and I will until people get bored of me. Someone on Saturday will be a hero and someone will be a villain. It is an incredible feeling."In October 2011, it was announced that Glass joined Poole Town as the new goalkeeping coach, working on a voluntary basis. He also had a job in hospitality at AFC Bournemouth. In 2016, he returned to football as Player Liaison Officer with Premier League club Bournemouth.
See also
List of goalscoring goalkeepers
References
External links
Jimmy Glass at Soccerbase
The Observer – Do You Remember...Jimmy Glass?
BBC Press Release
Working Glass Hero – article in the University of Cumbria student newspaper | member of sports team | {
"answer_start": [
547
],
"text": [
"AFC Bournemouth"
]
} |
James Robert Glass (born 1 August 1973) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He is chiefly remembered for scoring the last-minute goal which kept Carlisle United in the Football League in 1999, while on loan from Swindon Town. The drama of Glass's late goal, which came in one of only three games that he played for Carlisle, has since made it famous in English football at a level beyond its immediate ramifications.Beyond the Carlisle goal, Glass's most notable time with a club was three seasons playing for AFC Bournemouth from 1996 to 1998, his only regular spell at a Football League club; he retired from football in 2001 aged 27.
Career
Early career
Glass had a journeyman's career in football, playing for many clubs, initially as a reserve keeper for Crystal Palace. He never played a first team game for the Eagles, but was an unused substitute several times, including the 1995 FA Cup semi-final replay against Manchester United, which Palace lost 2–0 at Villa Park. He was transferred to AFC Bournemouth a year later.
The closest he came to a trophy in senior football was reaching the final of the Football League Trophy with Bournemouth in 1998 – Glass scored an own goal in the match, and Bournemouth lost 2–1. It was the last own goal scored at the old Wembley. Glass moved to Swindon Town in the summer of 1998, but after falling out with the manager, Jimmy Quinn, was unable to gain a regular place in the team.
Carlisle United
He moved to Carlisle United on loan from Swindon late that season (after goalkeeper Tony Caig was sold to Blackpool and Richard Knight's loan period had been cut short due to injury). His moment of fame came on 8 May 1999, in the final match of the 1998–99 Third Division season against Plymouth Argyle, which Carlisle needed to win to avoid relegation. With the score 1–1 with only ten seconds remaining, and Carlisle winning a corner, Glass came up from his own penalty area and promptly scored a last minute goal, volleying the ball in after the Plymouth goalkeeper had parried out Scott Dobie's goalbound header. Carlisle got the win they needed and Scarborough were relegated to the Football Conference instead after a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United. Scarborough's match had already finished before Glass scored, and their fans had already been celebrating on the pitch at the McCain Stadium.
So ... deep, deep, deep, I make it sixty seconds. Jimmy Glass knocks it long. It comes now to Bagshaw. Bagshaw back to Anthony. Up to Stevens ... and the ball goes out now for a corner to Carlisle United – will they have time to take it? Referee looks at his watch ... and here comes Jimmy Glass! Carlisle United goalkeeper Jimmy Glass is coming up for the kick – everyone is going up ... there isn't one player in the Carlisle half! Well, well ... and the corner kick comes in ... and ... the goalkeeper's punch ... oh ... Jimmy Glass! Jimmy Glass! Jimmy Glass, the goalkeeper, has scored a goal for Carlisle United! There's a pitch invasion! There is a pitch invasion! The referee has been swamped – they're bouncing on the crossbar!
His goal was selected as the 72nd greatest sporting moment ever by the Channel 4 programme 100 Greatest Sporting Moments. The goal was also ranked 7th in The Times newspaper's list of the 50 most important goals in football history. His goal against Plymouth Argyle was number 15 in the 20 Goals That Shook the World on ITV4. The Puma boots with which he scored the goal were donated to the National Football Museum in 2014.
After Carlisle United
Despite his brief fame, this was the last of just three matches Glass played at Carlisle, who were unable to sign him on a permanent basis. Glass spent time at several other clubs, including Oxford United and Brentford, before moving to non-league clubs, and then quitting football altogether. He reportedly scored six goals two weeks running whilst playing Sunday league football in Bournemouth, playing as a striker. He wrote an autobiography, entitled One Hit Wonder.Author Gabriel Kuhn described Glass's fame by saying:
Football allows for magic experiences and incredible personal stories, such as when no-name goalkeeper Jimmy Glass saved Carlisle United from relegation to amateur football (sic) in 1999 with a last-minute goal, only to disappear into anonymity again shortly after.
After football
Glass retired from professional football at the age of 27, and became an IT salesman. He later became a taxi driver in Dorset.In a 2013 BBC interview Glass stated: "It is quite tough because some go on to fame and fortune and some go on to driving a cab and living a normal life like me. It is quite difficult to understand your place in life from being this guy who will never be forgotten to being the guy worrying about your next bill. The goal was an amazing part of my life and is there to be enjoyed, and I will until people get bored of me. Someone on Saturday will be a hero and someone will be a villain. It is an incredible feeling."In October 2011, it was announced that Glass joined Poole Town as the new goalkeeping coach, working on a voluntary basis. He also had a job in hospitality at AFC Bournemouth. In 2016, he returned to football as Player Liaison Officer with Premier League club Bournemouth.
See also
List of goalscoring goalkeepers
References
External links
Jimmy Glass at Soccerbase
The Observer – Do You Remember...Jimmy Glass?
BBC Press Release
Working Glass Hero – article in the University of Cumbria student newspaper | position played on team / speciality | {
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"goalkeeper"
]
} |
James Robert Glass (born 1 August 1973) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He is chiefly remembered for scoring the last-minute goal which kept Carlisle United in the Football League in 1999, while on loan from Swindon Town. The drama of Glass's late goal, which came in one of only three games that he played for Carlisle, has since made it famous in English football at a level beyond its immediate ramifications.Beyond the Carlisle goal, Glass's most notable time with a club was three seasons playing for AFC Bournemouth from 1996 to 1998, his only regular spell at a Football League club; he retired from football in 2001 aged 27.
Career
Early career
Glass had a journeyman's career in football, playing for many clubs, initially as a reserve keeper for Crystal Palace. He never played a first team game for the Eagles, but was an unused substitute several times, including the 1995 FA Cup semi-final replay against Manchester United, which Palace lost 2–0 at Villa Park. He was transferred to AFC Bournemouth a year later.
The closest he came to a trophy in senior football was reaching the final of the Football League Trophy with Bournemouth in 1998 – Glass scored an own goal in the match, and Bournemouth lost 2–1. It was the last own goal scored at the old Wembley. Glass moved to Swindon Town in the summer of 1998, but after falling out with the manager, Jimmy Quinn, was unable to gain a regular place in the team.
Carlisle United
He moved to Carlisle United on loan from Swindon late that season (after goalkeeper Tony Caig was sold to Blackpool and Richard Knight's loan period had been cut short due to injury). His moment of fame came on 8 May 1999, in the final match of the 1998–99 Third Division season against Plymouth Argyle, which Carlisle needed to win to avoid relegation. With the score 1–1 with only ten seconds remaining, and Carlisle winning a corner, Glass came up from his own penalty area and promptly scored a last minute goal, volleying the ball in after the Plymouth goalkeeper had parried out Scott Dobie's goalbound header. Carlisle got the win they needed and Scarborough were relegated to the Football Conference instead after a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United. Scarborough's match had already finished before Glass scored, and their fans had already been celebrating on the pitch at the McCain Stadium.
So ... deep, deep, deep, I make it sixty seconds. Jimmy Glass knocks it long. It comes now to Bagshaw. Bagshaw back to Anthony. Up to Stevens ... and the ball goes out now for a corner to Carlisle United – will they have time to take it? Referee looks at his watch ... and here comes Jimmy Glass! Carlisle United goalkeeper Jimmy Glass is coming up for the kick – everyone is going up ... there isn't one player in the Carlisle half! Well, well ... and the corner kick comes in ... and ... the goalkeeper's punch ... oh ... Jimmy Glass! Jimmy Glass! Jimmy Glass, the goalkeeper, has scored a goal for Carlisle United! There's a pitch invasion! There is a pitch invasion! The referee has been swamped – they're bouncing on the crossbar!
His goal was selected as the 72nd greatest sporting moment ever by the Channel 4 programme 100 Greatest Sporting Moments. The goal was also ranked 7th in The Times newspaper's list of the 50 most important goals in football history. His goal against Plymouth Argyle was number 15 in the 20 Goals That Shook the World on ITV4. The Puma boots with which he scored the goal were donated to the National Football Museum in 2014.
After Carlisle United
Despite his brief fame, this was the last of just three matches Glass played at Carlisle, who were unable to sign him on a permanent basis. Glass spent time at several other clubs, including Oxford United and Brentford, before moving to non-league clubs, and then quitting football altogether. He reportedly scored six goals two weeks running whilst playing Sunday league football in Bournemouth, playing as a striker. He wrote an autobiography, entitled One Hit Wonder.Author Gabriel Kuhn described Glass's fame by saying:
Football allows for magic experiences and incredible personal stories, such as when no-name goalkeeper Jimmy Glass saved Carlisle United from relegation to amateur football (sic) in 1999 with a last-minute goal, only to disappear into anonymity again shortly after.
After football
Glass retired from professional football at the age of 27, and became an IT salesman. He later became a taxi driver in Dorset.In a 2013 BBC interview Glass stated: "It is quite tough because some go on to fame and fortune and some go on to driving a cab and living a normal life like me. It is quite difficult to understand your place in life from being this guy who will never be forgotten to being the guy worrying about your next bill. The goal was an amazing part of my life and is there to be enjoyed, and I will until people get bored of me. Someone on Saturday will be a hero and someone will be a villain. It is an incredible feeling."In October 2011, it was announced that Glass joined Poole Town as the new goalkeeping coach, working on a voluntary basis. He also had a job in hospitality at AFC Bournemouth. In 2016, he returned to football as Player Liaison Officer with Premier League club Bournemouth.
See also
List of goalscoring goalkeepers
References
External links
Jimmy Glass at Soccerbase
The Observer – Do You Remember...Jimmy Glass?
BBC Press Release
Working Glass Hero – article in the University of Cumbria student newspaper | family name | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"Glass"
]
} |
James Robert Glass (born 1 August 1973) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He is chiefly remembered for scoring the last-minute goal which kept Carlisle United in the Football League in 1999, while on loan from Swindon Town. The drama of Glass's late goal, which came in one of only three games that he played for Carlisle, has since made it famous in English football at a level beyond its immediate ramifications.Beyond the Carlisle goal, Glass's most notable time with a club was three seasons playing for AFC Bournemouth from 1996 to 1998, his only regular spell at a Football League club; he retired from football in 2001 aged 27.
Career
Early career
Glass had a journeyman's career in football, playing for many clubs, initially as a reserve keeper for Crystal Palace. He never played a first team game for the Eagles, but was an unused substitute several times, including the 1995 FA Cup semi-final replay against Manchester United, which Palace lost 2–0 at Villa Park. He was transferred to AFC Bournemouth a year later.
The closest he came to a trophy in senior football was reaching the final of the Football League Trophy with Bournemouth in 1998 – Glass scored an own goal in the match, and Bournemouth lost 2–1. It was the last own goal scored at the old Wembley. Glass moved to Swindon Town in the summer of 1998, but after falling out with the manager, Jimmy Quinn, was unable to gain a regular place in the team.
Carlisle United
He moved to Carlisle United on loan from Swindon late that season (after goalkeeper Tony Caig was sold to Blackpool and Richard Knight's loan period had been cut short due to injury). His moment of fame came on 8 May 1999, in the final match of the 1998–99 Third Division season against Plymouth Argyle, which Carlisle needed to win to avoid relegation. With the score 1–1 with only ten seconds remaining, and Carlisle winning a corner, Glass came up from his own penalty area and promptly scored a last minute goal, volleying the ball in after the Plymouth goalkeeper had parried out Scott Dobie's goalbound header. Carlisle got the win they needed and Scarborough were relegated to the Football Conference instead after a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United. Scarborough's match had already finished before Glass scored, and their fans had already been celebrating on the pitch at the McCain Stadium.
So ... deep, deep, deep, I make it sixty seconds. Jimmy Glass knocks it long. It comes now to Bagshaw. Bagshaw back to Anthony. Up to Stevens ... and the ball goes out now for a corner to Carlisle United – will they have time to take it? Referee looks at his watch ... and here comes Jimmy Glass! Carlisle United goalkeeper Jimmy Glass is coming up for the kick – everyone is going up ... there isn't one player in the Carlisle half! Well, well ... and the corner kick comes in ... and ... the goalkeeper's punch ... oh ... Jimmy Glass! Jimmy Glass! Jimmy Glass, the goalkeeper, has scored a goal for Carlisle United! There's a pitch invasion! There is a pitch invasion! The referee has been swamped – they're bouncing on the crossbar!
His goal was selected as the 72nd greatest sporting moment ever by the Channel 4 programme 100 Greatest Sporting Moments. The goal was also ranked 7th in The Times newspaper's list of the 50 most important goals in football history. His goal against Plymouth Argyle was number 15 in the 20 Goals That Shook the World on ITV4. The Puma boots with which he scored the goal were donated to the National Football Museum in 2014.
After Carlisle United
Despite his brief fame, this was the last of just three matches Glass played at Carlisle, who were unable to sign him on a permanent basis. Glass spent time at several other clubs, including Oxford United and Brentford, before moving to non-league clubs, and then quitting football altogether. He reportedly scored six goals two weeks running whilst playing Sunday league football in Bournemouth, playing as a striker. He wrote an autobiography, entitled One Hit Wonder.Author Gabriel Kuhn described Glass's fame by saying:
Football allows for magic experiences and incredible personal stories, such as when no-name goalkeeper Jimmy Glass saved Carlisle United from relegation to amateur football (sic) in 1999 with a last-minute goal, only to disappear into anonymity again shortly after.
After football
Glass retired from professional football at the age of 27, and became an IT salesman. He later became a taxi driver in Dorset.In a 2013 BBC interview Glass stated: "It is quite tough because some go on to fame and fortune and some go on to driving a cab and living a normal life like me. It is quite difficult to understand your place in life from being this guy who will never be forgotten to being the guy worrying about your next bill. The goal was an amazing part of my life and is there to be enjoyed, and I will until people get bored of me. Someone on Saturday will be a hero and someone will be a villain. It is an incredible feeling."In October 2011, it was announced that Glass joined Poole Town as the new goalkeeping coach, working on a voluntary basis. He also had a job in hospitality at AFC Bournemouth. In 2016, he returned to football as Player Liaison Officer with Premier League club Bournemouth.
See also
List of goalscoring goalkeepers
References
External links
Jimmy Glass at Soccerbase
The Observer – Do You Remember...Jimmy Glass?
BBC Press Release
Working Glass Hero – article in the University of Cumbria student newspaper | given name | {
"answer_start": [
1407
],
"text": [
"Jimmy"
]
} |
The South African African Rugby Board (later renamed the South African Rugby Association) was the body that governed black African South African rugby union players during the apartheid era, and one of three segregated rugby unions operating during that time. The representative team of the African Rugby Board was known as the Leopards.
Early black rugby and the first union
As with the game among whites, clubs for black and coloured players emerged before unions were established, and before that may have started in missionary schools. Black rugby received a considerable boost from the missionaries who introduced the game to their schools for indigenous peoples. A region that particularly benefitted from such intervention was the Eastern Cape, which remained the stronghold of black rugby until the present day.
Canon Robert John Mullins, headmaster of the Kaffir [sic] Institution from 1864, is usually credited as the first to introduce rugby to blacks, in the shape of his students. Mullins is the father of rugby international Cuth Mullins, who played forward for the 1896 British touring team to South Africa. The Institution was initially a branch of the all-white St Andrew's College in Grahamstown, where Mullins had been a teacher. Rugby was first played at St Andrew's in 1878.The earliest black rugby club probably was the Union Rugby Football Club, founded in 1887 at Port Elizabeth, with games played on the grounds where the current hospital stands. Union's first opponents were local coloured teams, but soon other black clubs were established in the city, including Orientals (founded 1894), "followed by the Morning Star, Rovers, Frontier and Spring Rose Clubs". Rovers and Union in turn had formed the Port Elizabeth Union by 1897. Inter-town contests were a fixture of black rugby before the end of the 19th century, with challenges occasionally issued via black newspapers such as the Xhosa-language Imvo Zabantsundu.The earliest attempt to establish a national rugby governing body for players of colour was the South African Coloured Rugby Football Board (SACRFB), formed in 1897 during South Africa's British colonial period. The SACRFB emerged from a meeting of all clubs and unions called to Kimberley by the Griqualand West Colonial Rugby Football Union. Black administrators like Bud Mbelle[2] had earlier persuaded Cecil John Rhodes to provide a trophy like the Currie Cup to "'all the coloured Sporting People in South Africa'". The SACRFB then organized a domestic rugby competition for the Rhodes Cup, which started in 1898 and was first won by Western Province.In 1905 black clubs formed the Eastern Province Native Rugby Union, whose president was Tobias Mvula.
Founding of the Board
The first rugby governing body devoted to organizing black rugby was the South African Bantu Rugby Board (SABRB), which broke away from the South African Coloured Rugby Football Board in 1935. Black rugby players and administrators was initially drawn primarily from the emerging black middle class, who also were involved in other sports transplanted to South Africa by 19th century British colonists. Accordingly, discussions about forming a Bantu Rugby Board began in 1935 with a committee formed for that purpose, continued during an inter-town rugby tournament at East London, and was concluded at the inter-provincial cricket tournament at Port Elizabeth. SABRB's first officers included J.M. Dippa of Port Elizabeth as president and Halley Plaatje, son of Sol Plaatje, of Kimberley as secretary.The Bantu Rugby Board arranged the first of its annual inter-provincial tournaments in 1936 in Kimberley, in which Transvaal and Eastern Province shared the title after a goalless draw. Other participants included the Northern Eastern Districts from Aliwal North and Griqualand West, but not Western Province, Border or Natal. These tournaments were sponsored by the Chamber of Mines with a trophy called the Native Recruiting Corporation Cup, commonly known as the NRC Cup.Meanwhile the Coloured Rugby Football Board selected its first national side in 1938. In turn, the Bantu Rugby Board initiated test matches with their coloured counterparts to forge a sense of unity.
Conflict and alliances in the apartheid era
In 1959 the Bantu Rugby Board changed its name to the South African African Rugby Board, as "Bantu" had acquired pejorative overtones due to its use by the apartheid state to segregate blacks, reduce their access to land and economic opportunities, and remove their civil and political rights.As the struggle for political rights intensified in South Africa, black sports bodies came under increasing pressure to strengthen links with white governing bodies, or sever them. Proponents of either position hoped to attempt to transform white governing bodies by co-operation or by opposing them. The African Rugby Board decided to affiliate with the white South African Rugby Board in 1978, just as the Rugby Football Federation did.In 1966 the Coloured Rugby Football Board changed their name to the South African Rugby Union (not to be confused with the current body of that name), and in 1973 became a founding member of the anti-apartheid South African Council on Sports whose slogan argued that there could be no normal sport in an abnormal society.The decision by the African Rugby Board and the Rugby Football Federation to join forces with the Rugby Board cost their players dearly in terms of criticism from home and abroad, and also disqualified them from national recognition in the post-apartheid era. When the South African Rugby Union rewarded black and coloured rugby players who had represented their governing bodies in national teams with Springbok blazers, players who had not been selected for the multi-racial body were excluded from this honour on the basis that they could, technically, have qualified for selection as Springboks from 1978 onwards.
See also
SAARB Leopards
South African Rugby Football Federation
South African Rugby Union
South African Rugby Union (SACOS)
== References == | sport | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"rugby union"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"George Swan (footballer)"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | issue | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"4"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | sport | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"association football"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | family name | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Swan"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"George"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"English"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | name in native language | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"George Swan"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | height | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"191"
]
} |
George Swan may refer to:
George Swan (politician) (1833–1913), New Zealand politician, businessman and photographer
George Swan (footballer) (born 1994), English association footballer | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"George Swan"
]
} |
Dioscoreophyllum gossweileri is a plant species native to Angola. It is a twining vine with deeply tri-lobed leaves and a racemose inflorescence.Dioscoreophyllum gossweileri Exell, J. Bot. 73(Suppl.): 10. 1935.
== References == | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"species"
]
} |
Dioscoreophyllum gossweileri is a plant species native to Angola. It is a twining vine with deeply tri-lobed leaves and a racemose inflorescence.Dioscoreophyllum gossweileri Exell, J. Bot. 73(Suppl.): 10. 1935.
== References == | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Dioscoreophyllum"
]
} |
Dioscoreophyllum gossweileri is a plant species native to Angola. It is a twining vine with deeply tri-lobed leaves and a racemose inflorescence.Dioscoreophyllum gossweileri Exell, J. Bot. 73(Suppl.): 10. 1935.
== References == | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Dioscoreophyllum gossweileri"
]
} |
Bulandet is an archipelago in the sea off the mainland coast of Western Norway. The island group is part of Askvoll Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It sits about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the mainland coast of Askvoll. The islands of Værlandet and Alden lie immediately east of Bulandet. The Geita Lighthouse lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Bulandet.
Bulandet is Norway's westernmost fishing village with a fish packing plant that has freezing and cooling systems. Bulandet Chapel is located at Kjempeneset on one of the main islands. The islands are connected to nearby Værlandet island by a series of bridges and roads. There is a regular ferry stop at Værlandet, connecting all of these islands to the mainland village of Askvoll.During World War II, Bulandet was used as a port for sailings between Norway, Shetland, and Scotland. The settlement at Bulandet was ravaged by punitive German attacks.
See also
List of islands of Norway
References
External links
NRK-Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation slideshow
How to get there, community council site with English version | country | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"Norway"
]
} |
Bulandet is an archipelago in the sea off the mainland coast of Western Norway. The island group is part of Askvoll Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It sits about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the mainland coast of Askvoll. The islands of Værlandet and Alden lie immediately east of Bulandet. The Geita Lighthouse lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Bulandet.
Bulandet is Norway's westernmost fishing village with a fish packing plant that has freezing and cooling systems. Bulandet Chapel is located at Kjempeneset on one of the main islands. The islands are connected to nearby Værlandet island by a series of bridges and roads. There is a regular ferry stop at Værlandet, connecting all of these islands to the mainland village of Askvoll.During World War II, Bulandet was used as a port for sailings between Norway, Shetland, and Scotland. The settlement at Bulandet was ravaged by punitive German attacks.
See also
List of islands of Norway
References
External links
NRK-Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation slideshow
How to get there, community council site with English version | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"archipelago"
]
} |
Bulandet is an archipelago in the sea off the mainland coast of Western Norway. The island group is part of Askvoll Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It sits about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the mainland coast of Askvoll. The islands of Værlandet and Alden lie immediately east of Bulandet. The Geita Lighthouse lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Bulandet.
Bulandet is Norway's westernmost fishing village with a fish packing plant that has freezing and cooling systems. Bulandet Chapel is located at Kjempeneset on one of the main islands. The islands are connected to nearby Værlandet island by a series of bridges and roads. There is a regular ferry stop at Værlandet, connecting all of these islands to the mainland village of Askvoll.During World War II, Bulandet was used as a port for sailings between Norway, Shetland, and Scotland. The settlement at Bulandet was ravaged by punitive German attacks.
See also
List of islands of Norway
References
External links
NRK-Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation slideshow
How to get there, community council site with English version | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"Askvoll Municipality"
]
} |
Bulandet is an archipelago in the sea off the mainland coast of Western Norway. The island group is part of Askvoll Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It sits about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the mainland coast of Askvoll. The islands of Værlandet and Alden lie immediately east of Bulandet. The Geita Lighthouse lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Bulandet.
Bulandet is Norway's westernmost fishing village with a fish packing plant that has freezing and cooling systems. Bulandet Chapel is located at Kjempeneset on one of the main islands. The islands are connected to nearby Værlandet island by a series of bridges and roads. There is a regular ferry stop at Værlandet, connecting all of these islands to the mainland village of Askvoll.During World War II, Bulandet was used as a port for sailings between Norway, Shetland, and Scotland. The settlement at Bulandet was ravaged by punitive German attacks.
See also
List of islands of Norway
References
External links
NRK-Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation slideshow
How to get there, community council site with English version | Store norske leksikon ID | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bulandet"
]
} |
Lawrence Edward Eschen (September 22, 1920 – June 9, 2015) was a Major League Baseball infielder who played in 1942 with the Philadelphia Athletics. He was born in Suffern, New York. He batted and threw right-handed. Eschen had no hits in 11 at-bats, in 12 games, with four walks. His father, Jim, also played in Major League Baseball, with the Cleveland Indians.
See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
External links
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
Larry Eschen's obituary | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"Suffern"
]
} |
Lawrence Edward Eschen (September 22, 1920 – June 9, 2015) was a Major League Baseball infielder who played in 1942 with the Philadelphia Athletics. He was born in Suffern, New York. He batted and threw right-handed. Eschen had no hits in 11 at-bats, in 12 games, with four walks. His father, Jim, also played in Major League Baseball, with the Cleveland Indians.
See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
External links
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
Larry Eschen's obituary | family name | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"Eschen"
]
} |
Lawrence Edward Eschen (September 22, 1920 – June 9, 2015) was a Major League Baseball infielder who played in 1942 with the Philadelphia Athletics. He was born in Suffern, New York. He batted and threw right-handed. Eschen had no hits in 11 at-bats, in 12 games, with four walks. His father, Jim, also played in Major League Baseball, with the Cleveland Indians.
See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
External links
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
Larry Eschen's obituary | given name | {
"answer_start": [
574
],
"text": [
"Larry"
]
} |
Jackie Amanda McWilliams (born 18 February 1964), also known as Jackie Burns, is a former women's field hockey player from Northern Ireland who represented both Ireland and Great Britain at international level. She represented Great Britain at the 1992 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal.
Domestic teams
McWilliams played club level field hockey for Randalstown and Ballymena. She was still playing for Ballymena in 2011 when in her late forties. McWilliams also represented Ulster at interprovincial level.
International
Ireland
McWilliams made 64 senior appearances for Ireland.
Great Britain
McWilliams made 34 senior appearances Great Britain. She represented Great Britain at the 1992 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal.
Later years
McWilliams worked as a schoolteacher at Ballymena Primary School. She also helped coach both the Ulster women's field hockey team and Ballymena Academy. Two of McWilliams' nephews are senior men's field hockey internationals. Her sister, Anne, is the mother of Paul and Mark Gleghorne. Paul has played for Ireland while his brother, Mark has played for Ireland, England and Great Britain.
References
External links
Jackie McWilliams at Olympics.com
Jackie McWilliams at Olympedia | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"field hockey player"
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.