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William Norman Peach (15 May 1935 β 27 August 2013) known as Bill Peach, was an Australian television journalist who hosted the ABC current affairs program This Day Tonight from 1967 to 1975.
Early life and education
Peach was born in 1935 in the Riverina town of Lockhart, New South Wales. He was educated at a boarding school, St Stanislaus College in Bathurst, and then studied a master of arts degree at St John's College, University of Sydney, where he met his future wife, Shirley.
Media career
Peach joined the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) in 1958, as a specialist trainee in the talks department. In 1960, he joined the Sydney office of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) where he worked in program sales. In 1962, he and his wife moved to the United Kingdom, where he worked for three years for the BBC overseas service, based in London and later New York City.Returning to Australia in 1965, Peach joined Network Ten, where he co-produced and presented Australia's first current affairs program, Telescope, with Tanya Halesworth. In 1966, he returned to the ABC as a reporter for Four Corners. In 1967, he was appointed as the presenter of ABC's new evening current affairs series, This Day Tonight, which he hosted for eight years.In 1975, Peach left This Day Tonight and was awarded a Logie in that year for Outstanding Contribution to Television in recognition of his eight years of service on the program. He then hosted a travel series called Peach's Australia and wrote two books in the Ginger Meggs series. Bill Peach also wrote The Explorers, published in 1984, dealing with the early European explorers of Australia during the colonial era and presented the eponymous TV show.
Tourism career
After leaving the ABC, Peach started a travel and tourism company, Bill Peach Journeys.In the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, Peach was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for service to the media and to tourism.
Death
Peach died of cancer at the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney in the early morning of 27 August 2013.
References
External links
Bill Peach Journeys website
Bill Peach at IMDb | cause of death | {
"answer_start": [
1977
],
"text": [
"cancer"
]
} |
William Norman Peach (15 May 1935 β 27 August 2013) known as Bill Peach, was an Australian television journalist who hosted the ABC current affairs program This Day Tonight from 1967 to 1975.
Early life and education
Peach was born in 1935 in the Riverina town of Lockhart, New South Wales. He was educated at a boarding school, St Stanislaus College in Bathurst, and then studied a master of arts degree at St John's College, University of Sydney, where he met his future wife, Shirley.
Media career
Peach joined the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) in 1958, as a specialist trainee in the talks department. In 1960, he joined the Sydney office of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) where he worked in program sales. In 1962, he and his wife moved to the United Kingdom, where he worked for three years for the BBC overseas service, based in London and later New York City.Returning to Australia in 1965, Peach joined Network Ten, where he co-produced and presented Australia's first current affairs program, Telescope, with Tanya Halesworth. In 1966, he returned to the ABC as a reporter for Four Corners. In 1967, he was appointed as the presenter of ABC's new evening current affairs series, This Day Tonight, which he hosted for eight years.In 1975, Peach left This Day Tonight and was awarded a Logie in that year for Outstanding Contribution to Television in recognition of his eight years of service on the program. He then hosted a travel series called Peach's Australia and wrote two books in the Ginger Meggs series. Bill Peach also wrote The Explorers, published in 1984, dealing with the early European explorers of Australia during the colonial era and presented the eponymous TV show.
Tourism career
After leaving the ABC, Peach started a travel and tourism company, Bill Peach Journeys.In the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, Peach was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for service to the media and to tourism.
Death
Peach died of cancer at the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney in the early morning of 27 August 2013.
References
External links
Bill Peach Journeys website
Bill Peach at IMDb | given name | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"Bill"
]
} |
Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok (stylized as #Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok) is a 2021 erotic comedy film written and directed by Darryl Yap. A sequel to Paglaki Ko, Gusto Kong Maging Pornstar and produced by Vincent Del Rosario III and Veronique Del Rosario-Corpus. It stars Rosanna Roces, Alma Moreno, Ara Mina and Maui Taylor.
Cast
Rosanna Roces as herself
Alma Moreno as herself
Ara Mina as herself
Maui Taylor as herself
Lara Morena as Lara
Ayanna Misola as Trinidad/Trina
Cara Gonzales as Melchora/Melch
Stephanie Raz as Josefa/Sefa
Sab Aggabao as Gabriela/Gabby
Abed Green as Abed
Prince Salvador as Park Bojum
Jet Delgado as Isagani
Rash Flores as Rashad
Release
The film has been announced and was released on December 3, 2021, on Vivamax.
Soundtrack
RosasPerformed by Magnus Haven
Lyrics: Rey Maestro
Music: Magnus Haven - Rey Maestro, David Galang, Sean Michael Espejo Catalla, Louise Rafael Vaflor, Rajih Emmanuel Mendoza
Published by Blacksheep Records Manila
Produced by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang
Arranged by Rey Maestro, David Galang
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang at Viva Recording Studios
Courtesy of Blacksheep Records Manila.
ManiPerformed by Fred Panopio
Composed by Ernie de la PeΓ±a
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
NanggigigilPerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
BabaePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
LalakePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
Dale dalePerformed by Sexbomb New Generation (as SB New Gen) Feat. Cursebox
Composed by Hazel Faith Dela Cruz (as Hazel Faith), Keshia Almoroto, Jara Nakamura, and Eunice Creus (as Unise Creus)
Published by Viva Music Publishing Inc.
Produced and arranged by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Production house/studio: Cursebox Productions
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Courtesy of Viva Records Corporation.
References
External links
β’ Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok at IMDb | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"film"
]
} |
Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok (stylized as #Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok) is a 2021 erotic comedy film written and directed by Darryl Yap. A sequel to Paglaki Ko, Gusto Kong Maging Pornstar and produced by Vincent Del Rosario III and Veronique Del Rosario-Corpus. It stars Rosanna Roces, Alma Moreno, Ara Mina and Maui Taylor.
Cast
Rosanna Roces as herself
Alma Moreno as herself
Ara Mina as herself
Maui Taylor as herself
Lara Morena as Lara
Ayanna Misola as Trinidad/Trina
Cara Gonzales as Melchora/Melch
Stephanie Raz as Josefa/Sefa
Sab Aggabao as Gabriela/Gabby
Abed Green as Abed
Prince Salvador as Park Bojum
Jet Delgado as Isagani
Rash Flores as Rashad
Release
The film has been announced and was released on December 3, 2021, on Vivamax.
Soundtrack
RosasPerformed by Magnus Haven
Lyrics: Rey Maestro
Music: Magnus Haven - Rey Maestro, David Galang, Sean Michael Espejo Catalla, Louise Rafael Vaflor, Rajih Emmanuel Mendoza
Published by Blacksheep Records Manila
Produced by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang
Arranged by Rey Maestro, David Galang
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang at Viva Recording Studios
Courtesy of Blacksheep Records Manila.
ManiPerformed by Fred Panopio
Composed by Ernie de la PeΓ±a
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
NanggigigilPerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
BabaePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
LalakePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
Dale dalePerformed by Sexbomb New Generation (as SB New Gen) Feat. Cursebox
Composed by Hazel Faith Dela Cruz (as Hazel Faith), Keshia Almoroto, Jara Nakamura, and Eunice Creus (as Unise Creus)
Published by Viva Music Publishing Inc.
Produced and arranged by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Production house/studio: Cursebox Productions
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Courtesy of Viva Records Corporation.
References
External links
β’ Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok at IMDb | director | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"Darryl Yap"
]
} |
Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok (stylized as #Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok) is a 2021 erotic comedy film written and directed by Darryl Yap. A sequel to Paglaki Ko, Gusto Kong Maging Pornstar and produced by Vincent Del Rosario III and Veronique Del Rosario-Corpus. It stars Rosanna Roces, Alma Moreno, Ara Mina and Maui Taylor.
Cast
Rosanna Roces as herself
Alma Moreno as herself
Ara Mina as herself
Maui Taylor as herself
Lara Morena as Lara
Ayanna Misola as Trinidad/Trina
Cara Gonzales as Melchora/Melch
Stephanie Raz as Josefa/Sefa
Sab Aggabao as Gabriela/Gabby
Abed Green as Abed
Prince Salvador as Park Bojum
Jet Delgado as Isagani
Rash Flores as Rashad
Release
The film has been announced and was released on December 3, 2021, on Vivamax.
Soundtrack
RosasPerformed by Magnus Haven
Lyrics: Rey Maestro
Music: Magnus Haven - Rey Maestro, David Galang, Sean Michael Espejo Catalla, Louise Rafael Vaflor, Rajih Emmanuel Mendoza
Published by Blacksheep Records Manila
Produced by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang
Arranged by Rey Maestro, David Galang
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang at Viva Recording Studios
Courtesy of Blacksheep Records Manila.
ManiPerformed by Fred Panopio
Composed by Ernie de la PeΓ±a
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
NanggigigilPerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
BabaePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
LalakePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
Dale dalePerformed by Sexbomb New Generation (as SB New Gen) Feat. Cursebox
Composed by Hazel Faith Dela Cruz (as Hazel Faith), Keshia Almoroto, Jara Nakamura, and Eunice Creus (as Unise Creus)
Published by Viva Music Publishing Inc.
Produced and arranged by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Production house/studio: Cursebox Productions
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Courtesy of Viva Records Corporation.
References
External links
β’ Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok at IMDb | genre | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"comedy film"
]
} |
Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok (stylized as #Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok) is a 2021 erotic comedy film written and directed by Darryl Yap. A sequel to Paglaki Ko, Gusto Kong Maging Pornstar and produced by Vincent Del Rosario III and Veronique Del Rosario-Corpus. It stars Rosanna Roces, Alma Moreno, Ara Mina and Maui Taylor.
Cast
Rosanna Roces as herself
Alma Moreno as herself
Ara Mina as herself
Maui Taylor as herself
Lara Morena as Lara
Ayanna Misola as Trinidad/Trina
Cara Gonzales as Melchora/Melch
Stephanie Raz as Josefa/Sefa
Sab Aggabao as Gabriela/Gabby
Abed Green as Abed
Prince Salvador as Park Bojum
Jet Delgado as Isagani
Rash Flores as Rashad
Release
The film has been announced and was released on December 3, 2021, on Vivamax.
Soundtrack
RosasPerformed by Magnus Haven
Lyrics: Rey Maestro
Music: Magnus Haven - Rey Maestro, David Galang, Sean Michael Espejo Catalla, Louise Rafael Vaflor, Rajih Emmanuel Mendoza
Published by Blacksheep Records Manila
Produced by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang
Arranged by Rey Maestro, David Galang
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang at Viva Recording Studios
Courtesy of Blacksheep Records Manila.
ManiPerformed by Fred Panopio
Composed by Ernie de la PeΓ±a
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
NanggigigilPerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
BabaePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
LalakePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
Dale dalePerformed by Sexbomb New Generation (as SB New Gen) Feat. Cursebox
Composed by Hazel Faith Dela Cruz (as Hazel Faith), Keshia Almoroto, Jara Nakamura, and Eunice Creus (as Unise Creus)
Published by Viva Music Publishing Inc.
Produced and arranged by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Production house/studio: Cursebox Productions
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Courtesy of Viva Records Corporation.
References
External links
β’ Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok at IMDb | cast member | {
"answer_start": [
303
],
"text": [
"Ara Mina"
]
} |
Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok (stylized as #Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok) is a 2021 erotic comedy film written and directed by Darryl Yap. A sequel to Paglaki Ko, Gusto Kong Maging Pornstar and produced by Vincent Del Rosario III and Veronique Del Rosario-Corpus. It stars Rosanna Roces, Alma Moreno, Ara Mina and Maui Taylor.
Cast
Rosanna Roces as herself
Alma Moreno as herself
Ara Mina as herself
Maui Taylor as herself
Lara Morena as Lara
Ayanna Misola as Trinidad/Trina
Cara Gonzales as Melchora/Melch
Stephanie Raz as Josefa/Sefa
Sab Aggabao as Gabriela/Gabby
Abed Green as Abed
Prince Salvador as Park Bojum
Jet Delgado as Isagani
Rash Flores as Rashad
Release
The film has been announced and was released on December 3, 2021, on Vivamax.
Soundtrack
RosasPerformed by Magnus Haven
Lyrics: Rey Maestro
Music: Magnus Haven - Rey Maestro, David Galang, Sean Michael Espejo Catalla, Louise Rafael Vaflor, Rajih Emmanuel Mendoza
Published by Blacksheep Records Manila
Produced by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang
Arranged by Rey Maestro, David Galang
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Robert Javier, Jaworski Garcia, David Galang at Viva Recording Studios
Courtesy of Blacksheep Records Manila.
ManiPerformed by Fred Panopio
Composed by Ernie de la PeΓ±a
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
NanggigigilPerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
BabaePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Produced by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Arranged by Mike Hanopol
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
LalakePerformed by Hagibis
Composed by Mike Hanopol, Tony Huelves
Published by ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc./Star Songs (BAMI)
Courtesy of Vicor Music Corporation.
Dale dalePerformed by Sexbomb New Generation (as SB New Gen) Feat. Cursebox
Composed by Hazel Faith Dela Cruz (as Hazel Faith), Keshia Almoroto, Jara Nakamura, and Eunice Creus (as Unise Creus)
Published by Viva Music Publishing Inc.
Produced and arranged by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Production house/studio: Cursebox Productions
Recorded, mixed and mastered by Cursebox (as Michael 'Cursebox' Negapatan)
Courtesy of Viva Records Corporation.
References
External links
β’ Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok at IMDb | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pornstar 2: Pangalawang Putok"
]
} |
Puzzle de Harvest Moon is a spin-off puzzle video game in the Harvest Moon series. It was developed by Platinum-Egg Inc. and published by Natsume on November 6, 2007.Puzzle de Harvest Moon is retrospectively the first entry in Natsume's Harvest Moon series as separate from Marvelous's Story of Seasons series (which was until 2014 marketed as Harvest Moon in Western markets).
Gameplay
Puzzle de Harvest Moon is a strategy game in which the object is to harvest plants from a small field shared by four players. Farm animals the player periodically receives give special abilities in a small area; for example the dog protects an area for a short period of time from other players harvesting.
Puzzle de Harvest Moon features characters from Harvest Moon: Back to Nature as playable characters, four single-player modes, and multi-player mode where up to four players can play together, with one game cartridge.
Reception
Puzzle de Harvest Moon received mostly negative reviews, receiving an aggregate score of 41/100 from Metacritic. The critics claimed that the puzzle gameplay is unfitting for a Harvest Moon game. It also received criticism for its tutorial, which was claimed to make the game more confusing, and for not having a story for single player mode or any extended play modes. GameSpot refers to it as a scribbling exercise.
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"video game"
]
} |
Puzzle de Harvest Moon is a spin-off puzzle video game in the Harvest Moon series. It was developed by Platinum-Egg Inc. and published by Natsume on November 6, 2007.Puzzle de Harvest Moon is retrospectively the first entry in Natsume's Harvest Moon series as separate from Marvelous's Story of Seasons series (which was until 2014 marketed as Harvest Moon in Western markets).
Gameplay
Puzzle de Harvest Moon is a strategy game in which the object is to harvest plants from a small field shared by four players. Farm animals the player periodically receives give special abilities in a small area; for example the dog protects an area for a short period of time from other players harvesting.
Puzzle de Harvest Moon features characters from Harvest Moon: Back to Nature as playable characters, four single-player modes, and multi-player mode where up to four players can play together, with one game cartridge.
Reception
Puzzle de Harvest Moon received mostly negative reviews, receiving an aggregate score of 41/100 from Metacritic. The critics claimed that the puzzle gameplay is unfitting for a Harvest Moon game. It also received criticism for its tutorial, which was claimed to make the game more confusing, and for not having a story for single player mode or any extended play modes. GameSpot refers to it as a scribbling exercise.
== References == | publisher | {
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"Natsume"
]
} |
Puzzle de Harvest Moon is a spin-off puzzle video game in the Harvest Moon series. It was developed by Platinum-Egg Inc. and published by Natsume on November 6, 2007.Puzzle de Harvest Moon is retrospectively the first entry in Natsume's Harvest Moon series as separate from Marvelous's Story of Seasons series (which was until 2014 marketed as Harvest Moon in Western markets).
Gameplay
Puzzle de Harvest Moon is a strategy game in which the object is to harvest plants from a small field shared by four players. Farm animals the player periodically receives give special abilities in a small area; for example the dog protects an area for a short period of time from other players harvesting.
Puzzle de Harvest Moon features characters from Harvest Moon: Back to Nature as playable characters, four single-player modes, and multi-player mode where up to four players can play together, with one game cartridge.
Reception
Puzzle de Harvest Moon received mostly negative reviews, receiving an aggregate score of 41/100 from Metacritic. The critics claimed that the puzzle gameplay is unfitting for a Harvest Moon game. It also received criticism for its tutorial, which was claimed to make the game more confusing, and for not having a story for single player mode or any extended play modes. GameSpot refers to it as a scribbling exercise.
== References == | genre | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"puzzle video game"
]
} |
Puzzle de Harvest Moon is a spin-off puzzle video game in the Harvest Moon series. It was developed by Platinum-Egg Inc. and published by Natsume on November 6, 2007.Puzzle de Harvest Moon is retrospectively the first entry in Natsume's Harvest Moon series as separate from Marvelous's Story of Seasons series (which was until 2014 marketed as Harvest Moon in Western markets).
Gameplay
Puzzle de Harvest Moon is a strategy game in which the object is to harvest plants from a small field shared by four players. Farm animals the player periodically receives give special abilities in a small area; for example the dog protects an area for a short period of time from other players harvesting.
Puzzle de Harvest Moon features characters from Harvest Moon: Back to Nature as playable characters, four single-player modes, and multi-player mode where up to four players can play together, with one game cartridge.
Reception
Puzzle de Harvest Moon received mostly negative reviews, receiving an aggregate score of 41/100 from Metacritic. The critics claimed that the puzzle gameplay is unfitting for a Harvest Moon game. It also received criticism for its tutorial, which was claimed to make the game more confusing, and for not having a story for single player mode or any extended play modes. GameSpot refers to it as a scribbling exercise.
== References == | part of the series | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"Story of Seasons"
]
} |
Generation Next may refer to:
Generation Next (professional wrestling), a professional wrestling stable
Generation Next (album), the debut album from Aventura
Generation Next (comics), a Marvel Comics team and eponymous series
Generation neXt, one of the names for Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (it is the GX of the final title)
Generation Y, also known as the Millennial Generation or Generation Next or Net Generation
GeneratioNext, Pepsi ad campaign, variant of Pepsi Generation
"Move Over", also known as "Generation Next", a promotional single by the Spice Girls for the Pepsi ad campaign
See also
Next Generation (disambiguation) | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"album"
]
} |
Generation Next may refer to:
Generation Next (professional wrestling), a professional wrestling stable
Generation Next (album), the debut album from Aventura
Generation Next (comics), a Marvel Comics team and eponymous series
Generation neXt, one of the names for Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (it is the GX of the final title)
Generation Y, also known as the Millennial Generation or Generation Next or Net Generation
GeneratioNext, Pepsi ad campaign, variant of Pepsi Generation
"Move Over", also known as "Generation Next", a promotional single by the Spice Girls for the Pepsi ad campaign
See also
Next Generation (disambiguation) | performer | {
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"Aventura"
]
} |
Generation Next may refer to:
Generation Next (professional wrestling), a professional wrestling stable
Generation Next (album), the debut album from Aventura
Generation Next (comics), a Marvel Comics team and eponymous series
Generation neXt, one of the names for Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (it is the GX of the final title)
Generation Y, also known as the Millennial Generation or Generation Next or Net Generation
GeneratioNext, Pepsi ad campaign, variant of Pepsi Generation
"Move Over", also known as "Generation Next", a promotional single by the Spice Girls for the Pepsi ad campaign
See also
Next Generation (disambiguation) | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Generation Next"
]
} |
Generation Next may refer to:
Generation Next (professional wrestling), a professional wrestling stable
Generation Next (album), the debut album from Aventura
Generation Next (comics), a Marvel Comics team and eponymous series
Generation neXt, one of the names for Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (it is the GX of the final title)
Generation Y, also known as the Millennial Generation or Generation Next or Net Generation
GeneratioNext, Pepsi ad campaign, variant of Pepsi Generation
"Move Over", also known as "Generation Next", a promotional single by the Spice Girls for the Pepsi ad campaign
See also
Next Generation (disambiguation) | has quality | {
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"debut album"
]
} |
Generation Next may refer to:
Generation Next (professional wrestling), a professional wrestling stable
Generation Next (album), the debut album from Aventura
Generation Next (comics), a Marvel Comics team and eponymous series
Generation neXt, one of the names for Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (it is the GX of the final title)
Generation Y, also known as the Millennial Generation or Generation Next or Net Generation
GeneratioNext, Pepsi ad campaign, variant of Pepsi Generation
"Move Over", also known as "Generation Next", a promotional single by the Spice Girls for the Pepsi ad campaign
See also
Next Generation (disambiguation) | sport | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"professional wrestling"
]
} |
Garac may refer to:
GaraΔ, a mountain in central Montenegro
Garac, France | country | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"France"
]
} |
Garac may refer to:
GaraΔ, a mountain in central Montenegro
Garac, France | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Garac"
]
} |
Garac may refer to:
GaraΔ, a mountain in central Montenegro
Garac, France | official name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Garac"
]
} |
"One More Sleep" is a song recorded by British singer Leona Lewis for her first Christmas album and fourth studio album, Christmas, with Love (2013). It was written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis, and produced by Richard "Biff" Stannard. It was released in the United States on 5 November, in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 29 November and many parts of Europe on 2 December. "One More Sleep" is recognised as one of the biggest recent Christmas songs in the UK according to the Official Charts Company. The song is certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). "One More Sleep" is also one of the most-streamed Christmas songs in the UK, with over 93 million streams as of 2021.
Background
In February 2013, a representative from Syco Music, Lewis' record label, announced that she was about to start writing and recording material "imminently" for her fourth studio album, and that it would be released in late 2013. The news came after Lewis announced that she had parted ways from Modest! Management, the management team who had represented her since she won the third series of The X Factor in 2006. Various media outlets speculated that this was due to the weak commercial performance of her third studio album, Glassheart, which was released in November 2012. It became her first album to not debut at number one or earn platinum certification in the United Kingdom. It was also reported that the second single from the album, "Lovebird", had sold fewer than 600 copies, meaning that it failed to attain one of 200 chart positions on the UK Singles Chart, and this was another contributing factor to her departure.In June 2013, speculation arose that Lewis' fourth album would in fact be a Christmas album, after British production duo MagicIT tweeted that they were in a studio recording Christmas songs with the singer. The following month, Lewis confirmed that she was indeed in the process of recording a Christmas album. She revealed that it was recorded on the recommendation of Syco boss Simon Cowell. Speaking in July 2013 about the decision to record a Christmas album at this point in her career, Lewis further explained how Cowell had come up with the idea: "Simon is still very much involved in my career and helps me out. He came up with the Christmas album idea, and we both kind of felt it was the right time to go ahead with it."
Release
On 24 October 2013, Lewis unveiled "One More Sleep" as the album's lead single, and she released the single cover artwork a week later, on 31 October. The artwork is a head shot of Lewis holding a red bow over her eye. The song was released as a digital download in the United States on 5 November through RCA Records, Ireland, Italy and Switzerland through Sony Music Entertainment and the United Kingdom through Syco Music on 29 November, and multiple other European countries on 2 December, including France and Spain. Lewis uploaded a Cahill remix of the song to her official SoundCloud account on 21 November 2013.
Production and composition
"One More Sleep" was co-written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis. Stannard and Ash Howes produced the song, while they and Lewis carried out the vocal production. It was recorded by Biffco and mixed by Howes at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London. The song utilised a multitude of instrumentalists: Keys and programming were performed by Ashurst, Stannard and Howes; Celli by Nick Holland; drums by Freddy Sheed and bass by Knight Time Horns; trombone by Barnaby Dickinson and trumpet by Graeme Flowers; James Knight performed the saxophone; strings were led by Rolf Wilson, arranged and conducted by Cliff Masterson and booked by Roz Colls; Rolf Wilson, Simon Baggs, Steve Morris, Julian Leaper, Tom Piggot Smith, Richard George, Jonathan Hill, Laura Bruce White, Tim Grant, Reiad Chibah performed the violins; and violas by Greg Walmsley, Nerys Richards. Background vocals were sung by Katie Holmes, Kelli-Leigh Henry-Davila and Bianca Claxton, while Choir vocals were performed by Diva singers, who were arranged and conducted by Masterson."One More Sleep" is a Motown inspired song which lasts for a duration of 3:59. The hook consists of a Christmas countdown, whereby Lewis sings "Cause I got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until youβre coming home/ Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Lewis "trills" the lyrics "I've got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until you're coming home" over the Motown inspired beat of xylophone phones and jingle bells. Waiting the return of her partner to come home on Christmas Day, Lewis adopts an "angelic tone" as she sings "Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Popjustice praised the "5-4-3-2-1 device", calling it "excellent."
Critical reception
"One More Sleep" garnered acclaim from music critics. Writing for Digital Spy, Lewis Corner wrote that "One More Sleep" is more "heart-warming" and "sweet" than a Christmas pudding, and that is likely to become an annual Christmas staple song. He awarded the song four out of a possible five stars. Sam Lanksy of Idolator wrote that the song is "wonderfully old-fashioned", with "ooh-oohs" sung in the background and "twinkly" production. Lanksy continued to write that if "One More Sleep" fails to get listeners in the mood for Christmas, then "nothing" else would. Popjustice wrote that "One More Sleep" is "so incredible" that listeners forget that it is one of "the most toxic phrases in the English language", and awarded the song nine out of a possible ten stars. Michael Cragg, a writer for The Guardian, was complimentary of the song and wrote that it is worthy of ranking alongside Kelly Clarkson's Christmas song "Underneath the Tree" (Wrapped in Red) as 2013s "best song to get drunk to at a Christmas party." He praised the decision for "legendary" producer Richard Stannard to produce the song, as well as the Spector influence.
Chart performance
In the United Kingdom, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart on 8 December 2013, and surged to its peak position of number three the following week. Only 300 copies separated "One More Sleep" from attaining the number-two position, which was claimed by Avicii's "Hey Brother". With "One More Sleep" peaking inside the top five at number three on the UK Singles Chart, Lewis set a new record for British female solo artist with the most top five singles in the history of the chart, bringing her total to eight. "A Moment Like This" and "Bleeding Love" both reached number-one in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2008, the double A-side "Better in Time"/"Footprints in the Sand" peaked at number two, "Forgive Me" peaked at number five and "Run" peaked at number one. "Happy" peaked at number two in 2009, while "Collide" peaked at number four in 2011. As a result, Lewis overtook Olivia Newton-John's record tally of seven top five singles. Petula Clark, Shirley Bassey, Cilla Black, Billie Piper, Geri Halliwell, Louise Redknapp, Cheryl, Emeli SandΓ©, Jessie J and Ellie Goulding had all had achieved six top five singles as of December 2013. The song held onto its peak position of number three for a second week on the UK Singles Chart the following week. "One More Sleep" spent a further fourth week charting at number 15 before disappearing from the chart. In December 2014, the song re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 80, and spent two further weeks at number 92. In December 2015, it re-entered the chart for one week at number 83. Altogether, "One More Sleep" has spent a total of two weeks in the top ten, three weeks in the top 20, four weeks in the top 40 and 75, and eight weeks in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart.On the UK Singles Downloads Chart, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 36 on 8 December 2013, and jumped to number two the following week. It slipped one position to number three in its third week, and number 14 in its fourth before falling off the chart altogether. The track re-entered the chart in December 2014 at number 93 and peaked at number 66 for two weeks. In December 2015, the song made another re-entry at number 61, and number 69 in December 2016. In December 2016, "One More Sleep" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for exceeding 200,000 shipments and streams.For the week ending 7 December 2013, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 31 on the South Korea International Singles Charts, with first week sales of 4,266 copies. In the United States, the song debuted at number 16 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart on 9 December. It rose one position to number 15 in its second week, and to number 10 in its third week. It peaked at number 23 on the US Holiday Digital Songs chart. In Ireland, "One More Sleep" peaked at number 19. "One More Sleep" is ranked as the ninth most played Christmas song on radio in the UK in 2013."One More Sleep" entered the UK Top 40 again at number 36 on 15 December 2017. It then reached number 19 the week later, marking its first top 20 entry since December 2013. The song re-entered the UK Top 40 again in 2018, reaching number 19 on the week of 21st December. On the week of 28 December 2018 the song reached number 8, making its way back to the UK top 10.In 2019, the song re-entered the UK top 40 once again and reached number 15 on the week of 23 December. In 2020, the song re-entered the top 40 at position 33 for the week 4th December. The song climbed within the UK top 20, peaking at number 18. As of 03 December 2021 "One More Sleep" charted at 47, surpassing sales of 1,000,000 copies in the UK. On 31st December 2021, the song charted at number 20 in the UK, also charting at number 30 on the Irish Singles Chart.
Music video
The official music video for "One More Sleep" was uploaded to Leona's official VEVO account on 30 November 2013. Lewis's boyfriend Dennis Jauch appears in the video. Lewis said the video "came from an idea we did a little while ago where a camera crew came into the studio and shot me and my friend just kinda messing around and just in the studio being me". Michael Cragg from The Guardian wrote that it does not matter what happens in the music video, as he believes that no Christmas single has ever had a good video. However, he further wrote that Lewis had "ripped off" Wham!'s music video for "Last Christmas".
Live performances
Lewis embarked on a promotional tour across Europe prior to the album's release. On 9 November 2013, Lewis performed "One More Sleep" and "White Christmas" for the first time at the Regent Street Christmas lights switch-on event in London, England. Other musical performers included Passenger and Eliza Doolittle. On 22 November, Lewis gave a free concert in Zurich, Switzerland, at the NRJ Energy Stars for Free Festival in front of audience of 13,000 people. The following evening, Lewis performed a short set at London's G-A-Y nightclub.In the United States, Lewis appeared on NBC's The Today Show on 4 December in New York City to talk about the album. On the same day, she performed at the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree lighting event, where she performed "White Christmas", "One More Sleep" and "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday". The following day on 5 December, Lewis made an appearance on Live! with Kelly and Michael. Lewis performed "One More Sleep" live at the semi-finals of the tenth series of The X Factor on 8 December and again on This Morning on 13 December.
Leona performed "I Wish It Could be Christmas Everyday" on The Jonathan Ross Show and "One More Sleep" at ITV's Daybreak. Lewis performed at The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Billboard Studio Sessions and on The Today Show on 25 December. Also in the US, Leona appeared in NBA Promo for ABC and ESPN.
On 2 December 2018, Lewis joined Scarlet Lee to perform "One More Sleep", which would have been Scarlet's winner's song if she had won.
Formats and versions
Single release version
"One More Sleep" β 3:59Streaming β Dance Remix
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Remix) β 3:47Remixes β EP
"One More Sleep" β 4:01
"One More Sleep" (Instrumental) β 3:58
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Club Mix) β 6:07
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Radio Edit) β 3:47
Credits and personnel
Recording
Recorded and mixed at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London.Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Christmas, with Love. (Syco, Sony, RCA).
Charts
Certifications
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"One More Sleep" is a song recorded by British singer Leona Lewis for her first Christmas album and fourth studio album, Christmas, with Love (2013). It was written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis, and produced by Richard "Biff" Stannard. It was released in the United States on 5 November, in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 29 November and many parts of Europe on 2 December. "One More Sleep" is recognised as one of the biggest recent Christmas songs in the UK according to the Official Charts Company. The song is certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). "One More Sleep" is also one of the most-streamed Christmas songs in the UK, with over 93 million streams as of 2021.
Background
In February 2013, a representative from Syco Music, Lewis' record label, announced that she was about to start writing and recording material "imminently" for her fourth studio album, and that it would be released in late 2013. The news came after Lewis announced that she had parted ways from Modest! Management, the management team who had represented her since she won the third series of The X Factor in 2006. Various media outlets speculated that this was due to the weak commercial performance of her third studio album, Glassheart, which was released in November 2012. It became her first album to not debut at number one or earn platinum certification in the United Kingdom. It was also reported that the second single from the album, "Lovebird", had sold fewer than 600 copies, meaning that it failed to attain one of 200 chart positions on the UK Singles Chart, and this was another contributing factor to her departure.In June 2013, speculation arose that Lewis' fourth album would in fact be a Christmas album, after British production duo MagicIT tweeted that they were in a studio recording Christmas songs with the singer. The following month, Lewis confirmed that she was indeed in the process of recording a Christmas album. She revealed that it was recorded on the recommendation of Syco boss Simon Cowell. Speaking in July 2013 about the decision to record a Christmas album at this point in her career, Lewis further explained how Cowell had come up with the idea: "Simon is still very much involved in my career and helps me out. He came up with the Christmas album idea, and we both kind of felt it was the right time to go ahead with it."
Release
On 24 October 2013, Lewis unveiled "One More Sleep" as the album's lead single, and she released the single cover artwork a week later, on 31 October. The artwork is a head shot of Lewis holding a red bow over her eye. The song was released as a digital download in the United States on 5 November through RCA Records, Ireland, Italy and Switzerland through Sony Music Entertainment and the United Kingdom through Syco Music on 29 November, and multiple other European countries on 2 December, including France and Spain. Lewis uploaded a Cahill remix of the song to her official SoundCloud account on 21 November 2013.
Production and composition
"One More Sleep" was co-written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis. Stannard and Ash Howes produced the song, while they and Lewis carried out the vocal production. It was recorded by Biffco and mixed by Howes at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London. The song utilised a multitude of instrumentalists: Keys and programming were performed by Ashurst, Stannard and Howes; Celli by Nick Holland; drums by Freddy Sheed and bass by Knight Time Horns; trombone by Barnaby Dickinson and trumpet by Graeme Flowers; James Knight performed the saxophone; strings were led by Rolf Wilson, arranged and conducted by Cliff Masterson and booked by Roz Colls; Rolf Wilson, Simon Baggs, Steve Morris, Julian Leaper, Tom Piggot Smith, Richard George, Jonathan Hill, Laura Bruce White, Tim Grant, Reiad Chibah performed the violins; and violas by Greg Walmsley, Nerys Richards. Background vocals were sung by Katie Holmes, Kelli-Leigh Henry-Davila and Bianca Claxton, while Choir vocals were performed by Diva singers, who were arranged and conducted by Masterson."One More Sleep" is a Motown inspired song which lasts for a duration of 3:59. The hook consists of a Christmas countdown, whereby Lewis sings "Cause I got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until youβre coming home/ Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Lewis "trills" the lyrics "I've got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until you're coming home" over the Motown inspired beat of xylophone phones and jingle bells. Waiting the return of her partner to come home on Christmas Day, Lewis adopts an "angelic tone" as she sings "Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Popjustice praised the "5-4-3-2-1 device", calling it "excellent."
Critical reception
"One More Sleep" garnered acclaim from music critics. Writing for Digital Spy, Lewis Corner wrote that "One More Sleep" is more "heart-warming" and "sweet" than a Christmas pudding, and that is likely to become an annual Christmas staple song. He awarded the song four out of a possible five stars. Sam Lanksy of Idolator wrote that the song is "wonderfully old-fashioned", with "ooh-oohs" sung in the background and "twinkly" production. Lanksy continued to write that if "One More Sleep" fails to get listeners in the mood for Christmas, then "nothing" else would. Popjustice wrote that "One More Sleep" is "so incredible" that listeners forget that it is one of "the most toxic phrases in the English language", and awarded the song nine out of a possible ten stars. Michael Cragg, a writer for The Guardian, was complimentary of the song and wrote that it is worthy of ranking alongside Kelly Clarkson's Christmas song "Underneath the Tree" (Wrapped in Red) as 2013s "best song to get drunk to at a Christmas party." He praised the decision for "legendary" producer Richard Stannard to produce the song, as well as the Spector influence.
Chart performance
In the United Kingdom, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart on 8 December 2013, and surged to its peak position of number three the following week. Only 300 copies separated "One More Sleep" from attaining the number-two position, which was claimed by Avicii's "Hey Brother". With "One More Sleep" peaking inside the top five at number three on the UK Singles Chart, Lewis set a new record for British female solo artist with the most top five singles in the history of the chart, bringing her total to eight. "A Moment Like This" and "Bleeding Love" both reached number-one in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2008, the double A-side "Better in Time"/"Footprints in the Sand" peaked at number two, "Forgive Me" peaked at number five and "Run" peaked at number one. "Happy" peaked at number two in 2009, while "Collide" peaked at number four in 2011. As a result, Lewis overtook Olivia Newton-John's record tally of seven top five singles. Petula Clark, Shirley Bassey, Cilla Black, Billie Piper, Geri Halliwell, Louise Redknapp, Cheryl, Emeli SandΓ©, Jessie J and Ellie Goulding had all had achieved six top five singles as of December 2013. The song held onto its peak position of number three for a second week on the UK Singles Chart the following week. "One More Sleep" spent a further fourth week charting at number 15 before disappearing from the chart. In December 2014, the song re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 80, and spent two further weeks at number 92. In December 2015, it re-entered the chart for one week at number 83. Altogether, "One More Sleep" has spent a total of two weeks in the top ten, three weeks in the top 20, four weeks in the top 40 and 75, and eight weeks in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart.On the UK Singles Downloads Chart, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 36 on 8 December 2013, and jumped to number two the following week. It slipped one position to number three in its third week, and number 14 in its fourth before falling off the chart altogether. The track re-entered the chart in December 2014 at number 93 and peaked at number 66 for two weeks. In December 2015, the song made another re-entry at number 61, and number 69 in December 2016. In December 2016, "One More Sleep" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for exceeding 200,000 shipments and streams.For the week ending 7 December 2013, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 31 on the South Korea International Singles Charts, with first week sales of 4,266 copies. In the United States, the song debuted at number 16 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart on 9 December. It rose one position to number 15 in its second week, and to number 10 in its third week. It peaked at number 23 on the US Holiday Digital Songs chart. In Ireland, "One More Sleep" peaked at number 19. "One More Sleep" is ranked as the ninth most played Christmas song on radio in the UK in 2013."One More Sleep" entered the UK Top 40 again at number 36 on 15 December 2017. It then reached number 19 the week later, marking its first top 20 entry since December 2013. The song re-entered the UK Top 40 again in 2018, reaching number 19 on the week of 21st December. On the week of 28 December 2018 the song reached number 8, making its way back to the UK top 10.In 2019, the song re-entered the UK top 40 once again and reached number 15 on the week of 23 December. In 2020, the song re-entered the top 40 at position 33 for the week 4th December. The song climbed within the UK top 20, peaking at number 18. As of 03 December 2021 "One More Sleep" charted at 47, surpassing sales of 1,000,000 copies in the UK. On 31st December 2021, the song charted at number 20 in the UK, also charting at number 30 on the Irish Singles Chart.
Music video
The official music video for "One More Sleep" was uploaded to Leona's official VEVO account on 30 November 2013. Lewis's boyfriend Dennis Jauch appears in the video. Lewis said the video "came from an idea we did a little while ago where a camera crew came into the studio and shot me and my friend just kinda messing around and just in the studio being me". Michael Cragg from The Guardian wrote that it does not matter what happens in the music video, as he believes that no Christmas single has ever had a good video. However, he further wrote that Lewis had "ripped off" Wham!'s music video for "Last Christmas".
Live performances
Lewis embarked on a promotional tour across Europe prior to the album's release. On 9 November 2013, Lewis performed "One More Sleep" and "White Christmas" for the first time at the Regent Street Christmas lights switch-on event in London, England. Other musical performers included Passenger and Eliza Doolittle. On 22 November, Lewis gave a free concert in Zurich, Switzerland, at the NRJ Energy Stars for Free Festival in front of audience of 13,000 people. The following evening, Lewis performed a short set at London's G-A-Y nightclub.In the United States, Lewis appeared on NBC's The Today Show on 4 December in New York City to talk about the album. On the same day, she performed at the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree lighting event, where she performed "White Christmas", "One More Sleep" and "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday". The following day on 5 December, Lewis made an appearance on Live! with Kelly and Michael. Lewis performed "One More Sleep" live at the semi-finals of the tenth series of The X Factor on 8 December and again on This Morning on 13 December.
Leona performed "I Wish It Could be Christmas Everyday" on The Jonathan Ross Show and "One More Sleep" at ITV's Daybreak. Lewis performed at The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Billboard Studio Sessions and on The Today Show on 25 December. Also in the US, Leona appeared in NBA Promo for ABC and ESPN.
On 2 December 2018, Lewis joined Scarlet Lee to perform "One More Sleep", which would have been Scarlet's winner's song if she had won.
Formats and versions
Single release version
"One More Sleep" β 3:59Streaming β Dance Remix
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Remix) β 3:47Remixes β EP
"One More Sleep" β 4:01
"One More Sleep" (Instrumental) β 3:58
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Club Mix) β 6:07
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Radio Edit) β 3:47
Credits and personnel
Recording
Recorded and mixed at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London.Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Christmas, with Love. (Syco, Sony, RCA).
Charts
Certifications
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"Lovebird"
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"One More Sleep" is a song recorded by British singer Leona Lewis for her first Christmas album and fourth studio album, Christmas, with Love (2013). It was written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis, and produced by Richard "Biff" Stannard. It was released in the United States on 5 November, in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 29 November and many parts of Europe on 2 December. "One More Sleep" is recognised as one of the biggest recent Christmas songs in the UK according to the Official Charts Company. The song is certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). "One More Sleep" is also one of the most-streamed Christmas songs in the UK, with over 93 million streams as of 2021.
Background
In February 2013, a representative from Syco Music, Lewis' record label, announced that she was about to start writing and recording material "imminently" for her fourth studio album, and that it would be released in late 2013. The news came after Lewis announced that she had parted ways from Modest! Management, the management team who had represented her since she won the third series of The X Factor in 2006. Various media outlets speculated that this was due to the weak commercial performance of her third studio album, Glassheart, which was released in November 2012. It became her first album to not debut at number one or earn platinum certification in the United Kingdom. It was also reported that the second single from the album, "Lovebird", had sold fewer than 600 copies, meaning that it failed to attain one of 200 chart positions on the UK Singles Chart, and this was another contributing factor to her departure.In June 2013, speculation arose that Lewis' fourth album would in fact be a Christmas album, after British production duo MagicIT tweeted that they were in a studio recording Christmas songs with the singer. The following month, Lewis confirmed that she was indeed in the process of recording a Christmas album. She revealed that it was recorded on the recommendation of Syco boss Simon Cowell. Speaking in July 2013 about the decision to record a Christmas album at this point in her career, Lewis further explained how Cowell had come up with the idea: "Simon is still very much involved in my career and helps me out. He came up with the Christmas album idea, and we both kind of felt it was the right time to go ahead with it."
Release
On 24 October 2013, Lewis unveiled "One More Sleep" as the album's lead single, and she released the single cover artwork a week later, on 31 October. The artwork is a head shot of Lewis holding a red bow over her eye. The song was released as a digital download in the United States on 5 November through RCA Records, Ireland, Italy and Switzerland through Sony Music Entertainment and the United Kingdom through Syco Music on 29 November, and multiple other European countries on 2 December, including France and Spain. Lewis uploaded a Cahill remix of the song to her official SoundCloud account on 21 November 2013.
Production and composition
"One More Sleep" was co-written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis. Stannard and Ash Howes produced the song, while they and Lewis carried out the vocal production. It was recorded by Biffco and mixed by Howes at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London. The song utilised a multitude of instrumentalists: Keys and programming were performed by Ashurst, Stannard and Howes; Celli by Nick Holland; drums by Freddy Sheed and bass by Knight Time Horns; trombone by Barnaby Dickinson and trumpet by Graeme Flowers; James Knight performed the saxophone; strings were led by Rolf Wilson, arranged and conducted by Cliff Masterson and booked by Roz Colls; Rolf Wilson, Simon Baggs, Steve Morris, Julian Leaper, Tom Piggot Smith, Richard George, Jonathan Hill, Laura Bruce White, Tim Grant, Reiad Chibah performed the violins; and violas by Greg Walmsley, Nerys Richards. Background vocals were sung by Katie Holmes, Kelli-Leigh Henry-Davila and Bianca Claxton, while Choir vocals were performed by Diva singers, who were arranged and conducted by Masterson."One More Sleep" is a Motown inspired song which lasts for a duration of 3:59. The hook consists of a Christmas countdown, whereby Lewis sings "Cause I got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until youβre coming home/ Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Lewis "trills" the lyrics "I've got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until you're coming home" over the Motown inspired beat of xylophone phones and jingle bells. Waiting the return of her partner to come home on Christmas Day, Lewis adopts an "angelic tone" as she sings "Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Popjustice praised the "5-4-3-2-1 device", calling it "excellent."
Critical reception
"One More Sleep" garnered acclaim from music critics. Writing for Digital Spy, Lewis Corner wrote that "One More Sleep" is more "heart-warming" and "sweet" than a Christmas pudding, and that is likely to become an annual Christmas staple song. He awarded the song four out of a possible five stars. Sam Lanksy of Idolator wrote that the song is "wonderfully old-fashioned", with "ooh-oohs" sung in the background and "twinkly" production. Lanksy continued to write that if "One More Sleep" fails to get listeners in the mood for Christmas, then "nothing" else would. Popjustice wrote that "One More Sleep" is "so incredible" that listeners forget that it is one of "the most toxic phrases in the English language", and awarded the song nine out of a possible ten stars. Michael Cragg, a writer for The Guardian, was complimentary of the song and wrote that it is worthy of ranking alongside Kelly Clarkson's Christmas song "Underneath the Tree" (Wrapped in Red) as 2013s "best song to get drunk to at a Christmas party." He praised the decision for "legendary" producer Richard Stannard to produce the song, as well as the Spector influence.
Chart performance
In the United Kingdom, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart on 8 December 2013, and surged to its peak position of number three the following week. Only 300 copies separated "One More Sleep" from attaining the number-two position, which was claimed by Avicii's "Hey Brother". With "One More Sleep" peaking inside the top five at number three on the UK Singles Chart, Lewis set a new record for British female solo artist with the most top five singles in the history of the chart, bringing her total to eight. "A Moment Like This" and "Bleeding Love" both reached number-one in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2008, the double A-side "Better in Time"/"Footprints in the Sand" peaked at number two, "Forgive Me" peaked at number five and "Run" peaked at number one. "Happy" peaked at number two in 2009, while "Collide" peaked at number four in 2011. As a result, Lewis overtook Olivia Newton-John's record tally of seven top five singles. Petula Clark, Shirley Bassey, Cilla Black, Billie Piper, Geri Halliwell, Louise Redknapp, Cheryl, Emeli SandΓ©, Jessie J and Ellie Goulding had all had achieved six top five singles as of December 2013. The song held onto its peak position of number three for a second week on the UK Singles Chart the following week. "One More Sleep" spent a further fourth week charting at number 15 before disappearing from the chart. In December 2014, the song re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 80, and spent two further weeks at number 92. In December 2015, it re-entered the chart for one week at number 83. Altogether, "One More Sleep" has spent a total of two weeks in the top ten, three weeks in the top 20, four weeks in the top 40 and 75, and eight weeks in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart.On the UK Singles Downloads Chart, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 36 on 8 December 2013, and jumped to number two the following week. It slipped one position to number three in its third week, and number 14 in its fourth before falling off the chart altogether. The track re-entered the chart in December 2014 at number 93 and peaked at number 66 for two weeks. In December 2015, the song made another re-entry at number 61, and number 69 in December 2016. In December 2016, "One More Sleep" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for exceeding 200,000 shipments and streams.For the week ending 7 December 2013, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 31 on the South Korea International Singles Charts, with first week sales of 4,266 copies. In the United States, the song debuted at number 16 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart on 9 December. It rose one position to number 15 in its second week, and to number 10 in its third week. It peaked at number 23 on the US Holiday Digital Songs chart. In Ireland, "One More Sleep" peaked at number 19. "One More Sleep" is ranked as the ninth most played Christmas song on radio in the UK in 2013."One More Sleep" entered the UK Top 40 again at number 36 on 15 December 2017. It then reached number 19 the week later, marking its first top 20 entry since December 2013. The song re-entered the UK Top 40 again in 2018, reaching number 19 on the week of 21st December. On the week of 28 December 2018 the song reached number 8, making its way back to the UK top 10.In 2019, the song re-entered the UK top 40 once again and reached number 15 on the week of 23 December. In 2020, the song re-entered the top 40 at position 33 for the week 4th December. The song climbed within the UK top 20, peaking at number 18. As of 03 December 2021 "One More Sleep" charted at 47, surpassing sales of 1,000,000 copies in the UK. On 31st December 2021, the song charted at number 20 in the UK, also charting at number 30 on the Irish Singles Chart.
Music video
The official music video for "One More Sleep" was uploaded to Leona's official VEVO account on 30 November 2013. Lewis's boyfriend Dennis Jauch appears in the video. Lewis said the video "came from an idea we did a little while ago where a camera crew came into the studio and shot me and my friend just kinda messing around and just in the studio being me". Michael Cragg from The Guardian wrote that it does not matter what happens in the music video, as he believes that no Christmas single has ever had a good video. However, he further wrote that Lewis had "ripped off" Wham!'s music video for "Last Christmas".
Live performances
Lewis embarked on a promotional tour across Europe prior to the album's release. On 9 November 2013, Lewis performed "One More Sleep" and "White Christmas" for the first time at the Regent Street Christmas lights switch-on event in London, England. Other musical performers included Passenger and Eliza Doolittle. On 22 November, Lewis gave a free concert in Zurich, Switzerland, at the NRJ Energy Stars for Free Festival in front of audience of 13,000 people. The following evening, Lewis performed a short set at London's G-A-Y nightclub.In the United States, Lewis appeared on NBC's The Today Show on 4 December in New York City to talk about the album. On the same day, she performed at the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree lighting event, where she performed "White Christmas", "One More Sleep" and "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday". The following day on 5 December, Lewis made an appearance on Live! with Kelly and Michael. Lewis performed "One More Sleep" live at the semi-finals of the tenth series of The X Factor on 8 December and again on This Morning on 13 December.
Leona performed "I Wish It Could be Christmas Everyday" on The Jonathan Ross Show and "One More Sleep" at ITV's Daybreak. Lewis performed at The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Billboard Studio Sessions and on The Today Show on 25 December. Also in the US, Leona appeared in NBA Promo for ABC and ESPN.
On 2 December 2018, Lewis joined Scarlet Lee to perform "One More Sleep", which would have been Scarlet's winner's song if she had won.
Formats and versions
Single release version
"One More Sleep" β 3:59Streaming β Dance Remix
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Remix) β 3:47Remixes β EP
"One More Sleep" β 4:01
"One More Sleep" (Instrumental) β 3:58
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Club Mix) β 6:07
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Radio Edit) β 3:47
Credits and personnel
Recording
Recorded and mixed at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London.Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Christmas, with Love. (Syco, Sony, RCA).
Charts
Certifications
== References == | producer | {
"answer_start": [
6084
],
"text": [
"Richard Stannard"
]
} |
"One More Sleep" is a song recorded by British singer Leona Lewis for her first Christmas album and fourth studio album, Christmas, with Love (2013). It was written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis, and produced by Richard "Biff" Stannard. It was released in the United States on 5 November, in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 29 November and many parts of Europe on 2 December. "One More Sleep" is recognised as one of the biggest recent Christmas songs in the UK according to the Official Charts Company. The song is certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). "One More Sleep" is also one of the most-streamed Christmas songs in the UK, with over 93 million streams as of 2021.
Background
In February 2013, a representative from Syco Music, Lewis' record label, announced that she was about to start writing and recording material "imminently" for her fourth studio album, and that it would be released in late 2013. The news came after Lewis announced that she had parted ways from Modest! Management, the management team who had represented her since she won the third series of The X Factor in 2006. Various media outlets speculated that this was due to the weak commercial performance of her third studio album, Glassheart, which was released in November 2012. It became her first album to not debut at number one or earn platinum certification in the United Kingdom. It was also reported that the second single from the album, "Lovebird", had sold fewer than 600 copies, meaning that it failed to attain one of 200 chart positions on the UK Singles Chart, and this was another contributing factor to her departure.In June 2013, speculation arose that Lewis' fourth album would in fact be a Christmas album, after British production duo MagicIT tweeted that they were in a studio recording Christmas songs with the singer. The following month, Lewis confirmed that she was indeed in the process of recording a Christmas album. She revealed that it was recorded on the recommendation of Syco boss Simon Cowell. Speaking in July 2013 about the decision to record a Christmas album at this point in her career, Lewis further explained how Cowell had come up with the idea: "Simon is still very much involved in my career and helps me out. He came up with the Christmas album idea, and we both kind of felt it was the right time to go ahead with it."
Release
On 24 October 2013, Lewis unveiled "One More Sleep" as the album's lead single, and she released the single cover artwork a week later, on 31 October. The artwork is a head shot of Lewis holding a red bow over her eye. The song was released as a digital download in the United States on 5 November through RCA Records, Ireland, Italy and Switzerland through Sony Music Entertainment and the United Kingdom through Syco Music on 29 November, and multiple other European countries on 2 December, including France and Spain. Lewis uploaded a Cahill remix of the song to her official SoundCloud account on 21 November 2013.
Production and composition
"One More Sleep" was co-written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis. Stannard and Ash Howes produced the song, while they and Lewis carried out the vocal production. It was recorded by Biffco and mixed by Howes at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London. The song utilised a multitude of instrumentalists: Keys and programming were performed by Ashurst, Stannard and Howes; Celli by Nick Holland; drums by Freddy Sheed and bass by Knight Time Horns; trombone by Barnaby Dickinson and trumpet by Graeme Flowers; James Knight performed the saxophone; strings were led by Rolf Wilson, arranged and conducted by Cliff Masterson and booked by Roz Colls; Rolf Wilson, Simon Baggs, Steve Morris, Julian Leaper, Tom Piggot Smith, Richard George, Jonathan Hill, Laura Bruce White, Tim Grant, Reiad Chibah performed the violins; and violas by Greg Walmsley, Nerys Richards. Background vocals were sung by Katie Holmes, Kelli-Leigh Henry-Davila and Bianca Claxton, while Choir vocals were performed by Diva singers, who were arranged and conducted by Masterson."One More Sleep" is a Motown inspired song which lasts for a duration of 3:59. The hook consists of a Christmas countdown, whereby Lewis sings "Cause I got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until youβre coming home/ Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Lewis "trills" the lyrics "I've got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until you're coming home" over the Motown inspired beat of xylophone phones and jingle bells. Waiting the return of her partner to come home on Christmas Day, Lewis adopts an "angelic tone" as she sings "Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Popjustice praised the "5-4-3-2-1 device", calling it "excellent."
Critical reception
"One More Sleep" garnered acclaim from music critics. Writing for Digital Spy, Lewis Corner wrote that "One More Sleep" is more "heart-warming" and "sweet" than a Christmas pudding, and that is likely to become an annual Christmas staple song. He awarded the song four out of a possible five stars. Sam Lanksy of Idolator wrote that the song is "wonderfully old-fashioned", with "ooh-oohs" sung in the background and "twinkly" production. Lanksy continued to write that if "One More Sleep" fails to get listeners in the mood for Christmas, then "nothing" else would. Popjustice wrote that "One More Sleep" is "so incredible" that listeners forget that it is one of "the most toxic phrases in the English language", and awarded the song nine out of a possible ten stars. Michael Cragg, a writer for The Guardian, was complimentary of the song and wrote that it is worthy of ranking alongside Kelly Clarkson's Christmas song "Underneath the Tree" (Wrapped in Red) as 2013s "best song to get drunk to at a Christmas party." He praised the decision for "legendary" producer Richard Stannard to produce the song, as well as the Spector influence.
Chart performance
In the United Kingdom, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart on 8 December 2013, and surged to its peak position of number three the following week. Only 300 copies separated "One More Sleep" from attaining the number-two position, which was claimed by Avicii's "Hey Brother". With "One More Sleep" peaking inside the top five at number three on the UK Singles Chart, Lewis set a new record for British female solo artist with the most top five singles in the history of the chart, bringing her total to eight. "A Moment Like This" and "Bleeding Love" both reached number-one in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2008, the double A-side "Better in Time"/"Footprints in the Sand" peaked at number two, "Forgive Me" peaked at number five and "Run" peaked at number one. "Happy" peaked at number two in 2009, while "Collide" peaked at number four in 2011. As a result, Lewis overtook Olivia Newton-John's record tally of seven top five singles. Petula Clark, Shirley Bassey, Cilla Black, Billie Piper, Geri Halliwell, Louise Redknapp, Cheryl, Emeli SandΓ©, Jessie J and Ellie Goulding had all had achieved six top five singles as of December 2013. The song held onto its peak position of number three for a second week on the UK Singles Chart the following week. "One More Sleep" spent a further fourth week charting at number 15 before disappearing from the chart. In December 2014, the song re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 80, and spent two further weeks at number 92. In December 2015, it re-entered the chart for one week at number 83. Altogether, "One More Sleep" has spent a total of two weeks in the top ten, three weeks in the top 20, four weeks in the top 40 and 75, and eight weeks in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart.On the UK Singles Downloads Chart, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 36 on 8 December 2013, and jumped to number two the following week. It slipped one position to number three in its third week, and number 14 in its fourth before falling off the chart altogether. The track re-entered the chart in December 2014 at number 93 and peaked at number 66 for two weeks. In December 2015, the song made another re-entry at number 61, and number 69 in December 2016. In December 2016, "One More Sleep" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for exceeding 200,000 shipments and streams.For the week ending 7 December 2013, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 31 on the South Korea International Singles Charts, with first week sales of 4,266 copies. In the United States, the song debuted at number 16 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart on 9 December. It rose one position to number 15 in its second week, and to number 10 in its third week. It peaked at number 23 on the US Holiday Digital Songs chart. In Ireland, "One More Sleep" peaked at number 19. "One More Sleep" is ranked as the ninth most played Christmas song on radio in the UK in 2013."One More Sleep" entered the UK Top 40 again at number 36 on 15 December 2017. It then reached number 19 the week later, marking its first top 20 entry since December 2013. The song re-entered the UK Top 40 again in 2018, reaching number 19 on the week of 21st December. On the week of 28 December 2018 the song reached number 8, making its way back to the UK top 10.In 2019, the song re-entered the UK top 40 once again and reached number 15 on the week of 23 December. In 2020, the song re-entered the top 40 at position 33 for the week 4th December. The song climbed within the UK top 20, peaking at number 18. As of 03 December 2021 "One More Sleep" charted at 47, surpassing sales of 1,000,000 copies in the UK. On 31st December 2021, the song charted at number 20 in the UK, also charting at number 30 on the Irish Singles Chart.
Music video
The official music video for "One More Sleep" was uploaded to Leona's official VEVO account on 30 November 2013. Lewis's boyfriend Dennis Jauch appears in the video. Lewis said the video "came from an idea we did a little while ago where a camera crew came into the studio and shot me and my friend just kinda messing around and just in the studio being me". Michael Cragg from The Guardian wrote that it does not matter what happens in the music video, as he believes that no Christmas single has ever had a good video. However, he further wrote that Lewis had "ripped off" Wham!'s music video for "Last Christmas".
Live performances
Lewis embarked on a promotional tour across Europe prior to the album's release. On 9 November 2013, Lewis performed "One More Sleep" and "White Christmas" for the first time at the Regent Street Christmas lights switch-on event in London, England. Other musical performers included Passenger and Eliza Doolittle. On 22 November, Lewis gave a free concert in Zurich, Switzerland, at the NRJ Energy Stars for Free Festival in front of audience of 13,000 people. The following evening, Lewis performed a short set at London's G-A-Y nightclub.In the United States, Lewis appeared on NBC's The Today Show on 4 December in New York City to talk about the album. On the same day, she performed at the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree lighting event, where she performed "White Christmas", "One More Sleep" and "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday". The following day on 5 December, Lewis made an appearance on Live! with Kelly and Michael. Lewis performed "One More Sleep" live at the semi-finals of the tenth series of The X Factor on 8 December and again on This Morning on 13 December.
Leona performed "I Wish It Could be Christmas Everyday" on The Jonathan Ross Show and "One More Sleep" at ITV's Daybreak. Lewis performed at The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Billboard Studio Sessions and on The Today Show on 25 December. Also in the US, Leona appeared in NBA Promo for ABC and ESPN.
On 2 December 2018, Lewis joined Scarlet Lee to perform "One More Sleep", which would have been Scarlet's winner's song if she had won.
Formats and versions
Single release version
"One More Sleep" β 3:59Streaming β Dance Remix
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Remix) β 3:47Remixes β EP
"One More Sleep" β 4:01
"One More Sleep" (Instrumental) β 3:58
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Club Mix) β 6:07
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Radio Edit) β 3:47
Credits and personnel
Recording
Recorded and mixed at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London.Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Christmas, with Love. (Syco, Sony, RCA).
Charts
Certifications
== References == | performer | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"Leona Lewis"
]
} |
"One More Sleep" is a song recorded by British singer Leona Lewis for her first Christmas album and fourth studio album, Christmas, with Love (2013). It was written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis, and produced by Richard "Biff" Stannard. It was released in the United States on 5 November, in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 29 November and many parts of Europe on 2 December. "One More Sleep" is recognised as one of the biggest recent Christmas songs in the UK according to the Official Charts Company. The song is certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). "One More Sleep" is also one of the most-streamed Christmas songs in the UK, with over 93 million streams as of 2021.
Background
In February 2013, a representative from Syco Music, Lewis' record label, announced that she was about to start writing and recording material "imminently" for her fourth studio album, and that it would be released in late 2013. The news came after Lewis announced that she had parted ways from Modest! Management, the management team who had represented her since she won the third series of The X Factor in 2006. Various media outlets speculated that this was due to the weak commercial performance of her third studio album, Glassheart, which was released in November 2012. It became her first album to not debut at number one or earn platinum certification in the United Kingdom. It was also reported that the second single from the album, "Lovebird", had sold fewer than 600 copies, meaning that it failed to attain one of 200 chart positions on the UK Singles Chart, and this was another contributing factor to her departure.In June 2013, speculation arose that Lewis' fourth album would in fact be a Christmas album, after British production duo MagicIT tweeted that they were in a studio recording Christmas songs with the singer. The following month, Lewis confirmed that she was indeed in the process of recording a Christmas album. She revealed that it was recorded on the recommendation of Syco boss Simon Cowell. Speaking in July 2013 about the decision to record a Christmas album at this point in her career, Lewis further explained how Cowell had come up with the idea: "Simon is still very much involved in my career and helps me out. He came up with the Christmas album idea, and we both kind of felt it was the right time to go ahead with it."
Release
On 24 October 2013, Lewis unveiled "One More Sleep" as the album's lead single, and she released the single cover artwork a week later, on 31 October. The artwork is a head shot of Lewis holding a red bow over her eye. The song was released as a digital download in the United States on 5 November through RCA Records, Ireland, Italy and Switzerland through Sony Music Entertainment and the United Kingdom through Syco Music on 29 November, and multiple other European countries on 2 December, including France and Spain. Lewis uploaded a Cahill remix of the song to her official SoundCloud account on 21 November 2013.
Production and composition
"One More Sleep" was co-written by Lewis in collaboration with Richard "Biff" Stannard, Iain James, Jez Ashurst and Bradford Ellis. Stannard and Ash Howes produced the song, while they and Lewis carried out the vocal production. It was recorded by Biffco and mixed by Howes at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London. The song utilised a multitude of instrumentalists: Keys and programming were performed by Ashurst, Stannard and Howes; Celli by Nick Holland; drums by Freddy Sheed and bass by Knight Time Horns; trombone by Barnaby Dickinson and trumpet by Graeme Flowers; James Knight performed the saxophone; strings were led by Rolf Wilson, arranged and conducted by Cliff Masterson and booked by Roz Colls; Rolf Wilson, Simon Baggs, Steve Morris, Julian Leaper, Tom Piggot Smith, Richard George, Jonathan Hill, Laura Bruce White, Tim Grant, Reiad Chibah performed the violins; and violas by Greg Walmsley, Nerys Richards. Background vocals were sung by Katie Holmes, Kelli-Leigh Henry-Davila and Bianca Claxton, while Choir vocals were performed by Diva singers, who were arranged and conducted by Masterson."One More Sleep" is a Motown inspired song which lasts for a duration of 3:59. The hook consists of a Christmas countdown, whereby Lewis sings "Cause I got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until youβre coming home/ Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Lewis "trills" the lyrics "I've got five more nights of sleeping on my own/ Four more days until you're coming home" over the Motown inspired beat of xylophone phones and jingle bells. Waiting the return of her partner to come home on Christmas Day, Lewis adopts an "angelic tone" as she sings "Three more dreams of you and mistletoe/ Two more reasons why I love you so." Popjustice praised the "5-4-3-2-1 device", calling it "excellent."
Critical reception
"One More Sleep" garnered acclaim from music critics. Writing for Digital Spy, Lewis Corner wrote that "One More Sleep" is more "heart-warming" and "sweet" than a Christmas pudding, and that is likely to become an annual Christmas staple song. He awarded the song four out of a possible five stars. Sam Lanksy of Idolator wrote that the song is "wonderfully old-fashioned", with "ooh-oohs" sung in the background and "twinkly" production. Lanksy continued to write that if "One More Sleep" fails to get listeners in the mood for Christmas, then "nothing" else would. Popjustice wrote that "One More Sleep" is "so incredible" that listeners forget that it is one of "the most toxic phrases in the English language", and awarded the song nine out of a possible ten stars. Michael Cragg, a writer for The Guardian, was complimentary of the song and wrote that it is worthy of ranking alongside Kelly Clarkson's Christmas song "Underneath the Tree" (Wrapped in Red) as 2013s "best song to get drunk to at a Christmas party." He praised the decision for "legendary" producer Richard Stannard to produce the song, as well as the Spector influence.
Chart performance
In the United Kingdom, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart on 8 December 2013, and surged to its peak position of number three the following week. Only 300 copies separated "One More Sleep" from attaining the number-two position, which was claimed by Avicii's "Hey Brother". With "One More Sleep" peaking inside the top five at number three on the UK Singles Chart, Lewis set a new record for British female solo artist with the most top five singles in the history of the chart, bringing her total to eight. "A Moment Like This" and "Bleeding Love" both reached number-one in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2008, the double A-side "Better in Time"/"Footprints in the Sand" peaked at number two, "Forgive Me" peaked at number five and "Run" peaked at number one. "Happy" peaked at number two in 2009, while "Collide" peaked at number four in 2011. As a result, Lewis overtook Olivia Newton-John's record tally of seven top five singles. Petula Clark, Shirley Bassey, Cilla Black, Billie Piper, Geri Halliwell, Louise Redknapp, Cheryl, Emeli SandΓ©, Jessie J and Ellie Goulding had all had achieved six top five singles as of December 2013. The song held onto its peak position of number three for a second week on the UK Singles Chart the following week. "One More Sleep" spent a further fourth week charting at number 15 before disappearing from the chart. In December 2014, the song re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 80, and spent two further weeks at number 92. In December 2015, it re-entered the chart for one week at number 83. Altogether, "One More Sleep" has spent a total of two weeks in the top ten, three weeks in the top 20, four weeks in the top 40 and 75, and eight weeks in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart.On the UK Singles Downloads Chart, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 36 on 8 December 2013, and jumped to number two the following week. It slipped one position to number three in its third week, and number 14 in its fourth before falling off the chart altogether. The track re-entered the chart in December 2014 at number 93 and peaked at number 66 for two weeks. In December 2015, the song made another re-entry at number 61, and number 69 in December 2016. In December 2016, "One More Sleep" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for exceeding 200,000 shipments and streams.For the week ending 7 December 2013, "One More Sleep" debuted at number 31 on the South Korea International Singles Charts, with first week sales of 4,266 copies. In the United States, the song debuted at number 16 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart on 9 December. It rose one position to number 15 in its second week, and to number 10 in its third week. It peaked at number 23 on the US Holiday Digital Songs chart. In Ireland, "One More Sleep" peaked at number 19. "One More Sleep" is ranked as the ninth most played Christmas song on radio in the UK in 2013."One More Sleep" entered the UK Top 40 again at number 36 on 15 December 2017. It then reached number 19 the week later, marking its first top 20 entry since December 2013. The song re-entered the UK Top 40 again in 2018, reaching number 19 on the week of 21st December. On the week of 28 December 2018 the song reached number 8, making its way back to the UK top 10.In 2019, the song re-entered the UK top 40 once again and reached number 15 on the week of 23 December. In 2020, the song re-entered the top 40 at position 33 for the week 4th December. The song climbed within the UK top 20, peaking at number 18. As of 03 December 2021 "One More Sleep" charted at 47, surpassing sales of 1,000,000 copies in the UK. On 31st December 2021, the song charted at number 20 in the UK, also charting at number 30 on the Irish Singles Chart.
Music video
The official music video for "One More Sleep" was uploaded to Leona's official VEVO account on 30 November 2013. Lewis's boyfriend Dennis Jauch appears in the video. Lewis said the video "came from an idea we did a little while ago where a camera crew came into the studio and shot me and my friend just kinda messing around and just in the studio being me". Michael Cragg from The Guardian wrote that it does not matter what happens in the music video, as he believes that no Christmas single has ever had a good video. However, he further wrote that Lewis had "ripped off" Wham!'s music video for "Last Christmas".
Live performances
Lewis embarked on a promotional tour across Europe prior to the album's release. On 9 November 2013, Lewis performed "One More Sleep" and "White Christmas" for the first time at the Regent Street Christmas lights switch-on event in London, England. Other musical performers included Passenger and Eliza Doolittle. On 22 November, Lewis gave a free concert in Zurich, Switzerland, at the NRJ Energy Stars for Free Festival in front of audience of 13,000 people. The following evening, Lewis performed a short set at London's G-A-Y nightclub.In the United States, Lewis appeared on NBC's The Today Show on 4 December in New York City to talk about the album. On the same day, she performed at the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree lighting event, where she performed "White Christmas", "One More Sleep" and "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday". The following day on 5 December, Lewis made an appearance on Live! with Kelly and Michael. Lewis performed "One More Sleep" live at the semi-finals of the tenth series of The X Factor on 8 December and again on This Morning on 13 December.
Leona performed "I Wish It Could be Christmas Everyday" on The Jonathan Ross Show and "One More Sleep" at ITV's Daybreak. Lewis performed at The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Billboard Studio Sessions and on The Today Show on 25 December. Also in the US, Leona appeared in NBA Promo for ABC and ESPN.
On 2 December 2018, Lewis joined Scarlet Lee to perform "One More Sleep", which would have been Scarlet's winner's song if she had won.
Formats and versions
Single release version
"One More Sleep" β 3:59Streaming β Dance Remix
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Remix) β 3:47Remixes β EP
"One More Sleep" β 4:01
"One More Sleep" (Instrumental) β 3:58
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Club Mix) β 6:07
"One More Sleep" (Cahill Radio Edit) β 3:47
Credits and personnel
Recording
Recorded and mixed at Biffco Studios, Brighton, and Angel Recording Studios, London.Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Christmas, with Love. (Syco, Sony, RCA).
Charts
Certifications
== References == | part of | {
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"Christmas, with Love"
]
} |
The 1940 Loyola Lions football team was an American football team that represented Loyola University of Los Angeles (now known as Loyola Marymount University) as an independent during the 1940 college football season. In their first season under head coach Marty Brill, the Lions compiled a 3β7 record.Loyola was ranked at No. 135 (out of 697 college football teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score system for 1940.
Schedule
== References == | head coach | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"Marty Brill"
]
} |
The 1940 Loyola Lions football team was an American football team that represented Loyola University of Los Angeles (now known as Loyola Marymount University) as an independent during the 1940 college football season. In their first season under head coach Marty Brill, the Lions compiled a 3β7 record.Loyola was ranked at No. 135 (out of 697 college football teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score system for 1940.
Schedule
== References == | sport | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"American football"
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Gail McConnell (born 25 August 1976) is a Scottish physicist who is Professor of Physics and director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She is interested in optical microscopy and novel imaging techniques, and leads the Mesolens microscope facility where her research investigates linear and non-linear optics.
Early life and education
McConnell credits her high school physics teacher with her inspiration to study science. She studied optoelectronics and laser physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she was taught by Carol Trager-Cowan. She remained there for her graduate studies, earning a PhD in laser technology under the supervision of Allister Ferguson in 2002. She was the first member of her family to go to university.
Career and research
McConnell almost worked in telecommunications, but was convinced by Ferguson to join Strathclyde's new Centre for Biophotonics. She became interested in biomedical research and increasingly aware of the limitations of commercial imaging. Here she worked with Alison Gurney on the development of confocal, multi-photon wide-field microscopes. Gurney encouraged McConnell to apply for fellowships, and she was a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Research Councils UK (RCUK) postdoctoral fellow. She developed the world's first white light supercontinuum laser that could be used for confocal microscopy, as well as laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. She attended the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Practical Course in Advanced Optical Microscopy in Plymouth, which she has continued to support throughout her academic career.McConnell directs the Centre for Biophotonics and Mesolens laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, working on nonlinear and linear optical instrumentation for biomedical imaging. Nonlinear optics allows physicists precise control of excitation parameters, including the chance to tune the duration of laser pules.In 2009, McConnell began working with William Bradshaw Amos and built a new lens, Mesolens, that can allow 3D imaging with a depth resolution of a few microns for objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The Mesolens is a giant optical microscope objective supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC). It can be used to image large biomedical specimens, including embryos, tumours and areas in brain, as well as scanning large areas of samples in a short amount of time. The lens has 260 megapixal effective camera and a magic ratio of 8:1, which can even resolve individual bacteria. As the photometric volume can sample such a large area with sub-cellular detail, the Mesolens may allow for the imaging of rare events. Mesolens became a University spin-off, but McConnell decided to stay in academia to explore the physics of biomedical processes. The Mesolens generates such large amounts of data that McConnell became interested in computational biology. The Mesolens was selected by Physics World as one of the top achievements of 2016. She discussed the Mesolens on the podcast Not Exactly Rocket Science.Alongside the Mesolens, McConnell has explored how laser sources can be used to open voltage-gated ion channels, such as Calcium-activated potassium channels. She has developed a fast-acquisition version of two-photon excitation microscopy that can be used to image at rates of 100 frames/second. She created polymer hydrogel beads that are responsive to enzymes. She is working with the Medical Research Scotland to create high brightness light-emitting diodes.In May 2012, she was appointed Professor and Director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She leads the Strathclyde Theme of Physics and Life Sciences and is part of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging.
Awards and honours
In recognition of her work, McConnell was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2010, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (FRMS).
== References == | educated at | {
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141
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"text": [
"University of Strathclyde"
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Gail McConnell (born 25 August 1976) is a Scottish physicist who is Professor of Physics and director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She is interested in optical microscopy and novel imaging techniques, and leads the Mesolens microscope facility where her research investigates linear and non-linear optics.
Early life and education
McConnell credits her high school physics teacher with her inspiration to study science. She studied optoelectronics and laser physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she was taught by Carol Trager-Cowan. She remained there for her graduate studies, earning a PhD in laser technology under the supervision of Allister Ferguson in 2002. She was the first member of her family to go to university.
Career and research
McConnell almost worked in telecommunications, but was convinced by Ferguson to join Strathclyde's new Centre for Biophotonics. She became interested in biomedical research and increasingly aware of the limitations of commercial imaging. Here she worked with Alison Gurney on the development of confocal, multi-photon wide-field microscopes. Gurney encouraged McConnell to apply for fellowships, and she was a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Research Councils UK (RCUK) postdoctoral fellow. She developed the world's first white light supercontinuum laser that could be used for confocal microscopy, as well as laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. She attended the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Practical Course in Advanced Optical Microscopy in Plymouth, which she has continued to support throughout her academic career.McConnell directs the Centre for Biophotonics and Mesolens laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, working on nonlinear and linear optical instrumentation for biomedical imaging. Nonlinear optics allows physicists precise control of excitation parameters, including the chance to tune the duration of laser pules.In 2009, McConnell began working with William Bradshaw Amos and built a new lens, Mesolens, that can allow 3D imaging with a depth resolution of a few microns for objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The Mesolens is a giant optical microscope objective supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC). It can be used to image large biomedical specimens, including embryos, tumours and areas in brain, as well as scanning large areas of samples in a short amount of time. The lens has 260 megapixal effective camera and a magic ratio of 8:1, which can even resolve individual bacteria. As the photometric volume can sample such a large area with sub-cellular detail, the Mesolens may allow for the imaging of rare events. Mesolens became a University spin-off, but McConnell decided to stay in academia to explore the physics of biomedical processes. The Mesolens generates such large amounts of data that McConnell became interested in computational biology. The Mesolens was selected by Physics World as one of the top achievements of 2016. She discussed the Mesolens on the podcast Not Exactly Rocket Science.Alongside the Mesolens, McConnell has explored how laser sources can be used to open voltage-gated ion channels, such as Calcium-activated potassium channels. She has developed a fast-acquisition version of two-photon excitation microscopy that can be used to image at rates of 100 frames/second. She created polymer hydrogel beads that are responsive to enzymes. She is working with the Medical Research Scotland to create high brightness light-emitting diodes.In May 2012, she was appointed Professor and Director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She leads the Strathclyde Theme of Physics and Life Sciences and is part of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging.
Awards and honours
In recognition of her work, McConnell was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2010, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (FRMS).
== References == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
52
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"text": [
"physicist"
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Gail McConnell (born 25 August 1976) is a Scottish physicist who is Professor of Physics and director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She is interested in optical microscopy and novel imaging techniques, and leads the Mesolens microscope facility where her research investigates linear and non-linear optics.
Early life and education
McConnell credits her high school physics teacher with her inspiration to study science. She studied optoelectronics and laser physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she was taught by Carol Trager-Cowan. She remained there for her graduate studies, earning a PhD in laser technology under the supervision of Allister Ferguson in 2002. She was the first member of her family to go to university.
Career and research
McConnell almost worked in telecommunications, but was convinced by Ferguson to join Strathclyde's new Centre for Biophotonics. She became interested in biomedical research and increasingly aware of the limitations of commercial imaging. Here she worked with Alison Gurney on the development of confocal, multi-photon wide-field microscopes. Gurney encouraged McConnell to apply for fellowships, and she was a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Research Councils UK (RCUK) postdoctoral fellow. She developed the world's first white light supercontinuum laser that could be used for confocal microscopy, as well as laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. She attended the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Practical Course in Advanced Optical Microscopy in Plymouth, which she has continued to support throughout her academic career.McConnell directs the Centre for Biophotonics and Mesolens laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, working on nonlinear and linear optical instrumentation for biomedical imaging. Nonlinear optics allows physicists precise control of excitation parameters, including the chance to tune the duration of laser pules.In 2009, McConnell began working with William Bradshaw Amos and built a new lens, Mesolens, that can allow 3D imaging with a depth resolution of a few microns for objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The Mesolens is a giant optical microscope objective supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC). It can be used to image large biomedical specimens, including embryos, tumours and areas in brain, as well as scanning large areas of samples in a short amount of time. The lens has 260 megapixal effective camera and a magic ratio of 8:1, which can even resolve individual bacteria. As the photometric volume can sample such a large area with sub-cellular detail, the Mesolens may allow for the imaging of rare events. Mesolens became a University spin-off, but McConnell decided to stay in academia to explore the physics of biomedical processes. The Mesolens generates such large amounts of data that McConnell became interested in computational biology. The Mesolens was selected by Physics World as one of the top achievements of 2016. She discussed the Mesolens on the podcast Not Exactly Rocket Science.Alongside the Mesolens, McConnell has explored how laser sources can be used to open voltage-gated ion channels, such as Calcium-activated potassium channels. She has developed a fast-acquisition version of two-photon excitation microscopy that can be used to image at rates of 100 frames/second. She created polymer hydrogel beads that are responsive to enzymes. She is working with the Medical Research Scotland to create high brightness light-emitting diodes.In May 2012, she was appointed Professor and Director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She leads the Strathclyde Theme of Physics and Life Sciences and is part of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging.
Awards and honours
In recognition of her work, McConnell was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2010, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (FRMS).
== References == | employer | {
"answer_start": [
141
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"text": [
"University of Strathclyde"
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} |
Gail McConnell (born 25 August 1976) is a Scottish physicist who is Professor of Physics and director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She is interested in optical microscopy and novel imaging techniques, and leads the Mesolens microscope facility where her research investigates linear and non-linear optics.
Early life and education
McConnell credits her high school physics teacher with her inspiration to study science. She studied optoelectronics and laser physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she was taught by Carol Trager-Cowan. She remained there for her graduate studies, earning a PhD in laser technology under the supervision of Allister Ferguson in 2002. She was the first member of her family to go to university.
Career and research
McConnell almost worked in telecommunications, but was convinced by Ferguson to join Strathclyde's new Centre for Biophotonics. She became interested in biomedical research and increasingly aware of the limitations of commercial imaging. Here she worked with Alison Gurney on the development of confocal, multi-photon wide-field microscopes. Gurney encouraged McConnell to apply for fellowships, and she was a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Research Councils UK (RCUK) postdoctoral fellow. She developed the world's first white light supercontinuum laser that could be used for confocal microscopy, as well as laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. She attended the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Practical Course in Advanced Optical Microscopy in Plymouth, which she has continued to support throughout her academic career.McConnell directs the Centre for Biophotonics and Mesolens laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, working on nonlinear and linear optical instrumentation for biomedical imaging. Nonlinear optics allows physicists precise control of excitation parameters, including the chance to tune the duration of laser pules.In 2009, McConnell began working with William Bradshaw Amos and built a new lens, Mesolens, that can allow 3D imaging with a depth resolution of a few microns for objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The Mesolens is a giant optical microscope objective supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC). It can be used to image large biomedical specimens, including embryos, tumours and areas in brain, as well as scanning large areas of samples in a short amount of time. The lens has 260 megapixal effective camera and a magic ratio of 8:1, which can even resolve individual bacteria. As the photometric volume can sample such a large area with sub-cellular detail, the Mesolens may allow for the imaging of rare events. Mesolens became a University spin-off, but McConnell decided to stay in academia to explore the physics of biomedical processes. The Mesolens generates such large amounts of data that McConnell became interested in computational biology. The Mesolens was selected by Physics World as one of the top achievements of 2016. She discussed the Mesolens on the podcast Not Exactly Rocket Science.Alongside the Mesolens, McConnell has explored how laser sources can be used to open voltage-gated ion channels, such as Calcium-activated potassium channels. She has developed a fast-acquisition version of two-photon excitation microscopy that can be used to image at rates of 100 frames/second. She created polymer hydrogel beads that are responsive to enzymes. She is working with the Medical Research Scotland to create high brightness light-emitting diodes.In May 2012, she was appointed Professor and Director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She leads the Strathclyde Theme of Physics and Life Sciences and is part of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging.
Awards and honours
In recognition of her work, McConnell was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2010, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (FRMS).
== References == | doctoral advisor | {
"answer_start": [
686
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"text": [
"Allister Ferguson"
]
} |
Gail McConnell (born 25 August 1976) is a Scottish physicist who is Professor of Physics and director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She is interested in optical microscopy and novel imaging techniques, and leads the Mesolens microscope facility where her research investigates linear and non-linear optics.
Early life and education
McConnell credits her high school physics teacher with her inspiration to study science. She studied optoelectronics and laser physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she was taught by Carol Trager-Cowan. She remained there for her graduate studies, earning a PhD in laser technology under the supervision of Allister Ferguson in 2002. She was the first member of her family to go to university.
Career and research
McConnell almost worked in telecommunications, but was convinced by Ferguson to join Strathclyde's new Centre for Biophotonics. She became interested in biomedical research and increasingly aware of the limitations of commercial imaging. Here she worked with Alison Gurney on the development of confocal, multi-photon wide-field microscopes. Gurney encouraged McConnell to apply for fellowships, and she was a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Research Councils UK (RCUK) postdoctoral fellow. She developed the world's first white light supercontinuum laser that could be used for confocal microscopy, as well as laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. She attended the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Practical Course in Advanced Optical Microscopy in Plymouth, which she has continued to support throughout her academic career.McConnell directs the Centre for Biophotonics and Mesolens laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, working on nonlinear and linear optical instrumentation for biomedical imaging. Nonlinear optics allows physicists precise control of excitation parameters, including the chance to tune the duration of laser pules.In 2009, McConnell began working with William Bradshaw Amos and built a new lens, Mesolens, that can allow 3D imaging with a depth resolution of a few microns for objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The Mesolens is a giant optical microscope objective supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC). It can be used to image large biomedical specimens, including embryos, tumours and areas in brain, as well as scanning large areas of samples in a short amount of time. The lens has 260 megapixal effective camera and a magic ratio of 8:1, which can even resolve individual bacteria. As the photometric volume can sample such a large area with sub-cellular detail, the Mesolens may allow for the imaging of rare events. Mesolens became a University spin-off, but McConnell decided to stay in academia to explore the physics of biomedical processes. The Mesolens generates such large amounts of data that McConnell became interested in computational biology. The Mesolens was selected by Physics World as one of the top achievements of 2016. She discussed the Mesolens on the podcast Not Exactly Rocket Science.Alongside the Mesolens, McConnell has explored how laser sources can be used to open voltage-gated ion channels, such as Calcium-activated potassium channels. She has developed a fast-acquisition version of two-photon excitation microscopy that can be used to image at rates of 100 frames/second. She created polymer hydrogel beads that are responsive to enzymes. She is working with the Medical Research Scotland to create high brightness light-emitting diodes.In May 2012, she was appointed Professor and Director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She leads the Strathclyde Theme of Physics and Life Sciences and is part of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging.
Awards and honours
In recognition of her work, McConnell was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2010, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (FRMS).
== References == | Commons category | {
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Gail McConnell (born 25 August 1976) is a Scottish physicist who is Professor of Physics and director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She is interested in optical microscopy and novel imaging techniques, and leads the Mesolens microscope facility where her research investigates linear and non-linear optics.
Early life and education
McConnell credits her high school physics teacher with her inspiration to study science. She studied optoelectronics and laser physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she was taught by Carol Trager-Cowan. She remained there for her graduate studies, earning a PhD in laser technology under the supervision of Allister Ferguson in 2002. She was the first member of her family to go to university.
Career and research
McConnell almost worked in telecommunications, but was convinced by Ferguson to join Strathclyde's new Centre for Biophotonics. She became interested in biomedical research and increasingly aware of the limitations of commercial imaging. Here she worked with Alison Gurney on the development of confocal, multi-photon wide-field microscopes. Gurney encouraged McConnell to apply for fellowships, and she was a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Research Councils UK (RCUK) postdoctoral fellow. She developed the world's first white light supercontinuum laser that could be used for confocal microscopy, as well as laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. She attended the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Practical Course in Advanced Optical Microscopy in Plymouth, which she has continued to support throughout her academic career.McConnell directs the Centre for Biophotonics and Mesolens laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, working on nonlinear and linear optical instrumentation for biomedical imaging. Nonlinear optics allows physicists precise control of excitation parameters, including the chance to tune the duration of laser pules.In 2009, McConnell began working with William Bradshaw Amos and built a new lens, Mesolens, that can allow 3D imaging with a depth resolution of a few microns for objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The Mesolens is a giant optical microscope objective supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC). It can be used to image large biomedical specimens, including embryos, tumours and areas in brain, as well as scanning large areas of samples in a short amount of time. The lens has 260 megapixal effective camera and a magic ratio of 8:1, which can even resolve individual bacteria. As the photometric volume can sample such a large area with sub-cellular detail, the Mesolens may allow for the imaging of rare events. Mesolens became a University spin-off, but McConnell decided to stay in academia to explore the physics of biomedical processes. The Mesolens generates such large amounts of data that McConnell became interested in computational biology. The Mesolens was selected by Physics World as one of the top achievements of 2016. She discussed the Mesolens on the podcast Not Exactly Rocket Science.Alongside the Mesolens, McConnell has explored how laser sources can be used to open voltage-gated ion channels, such as Calcium-activated potassium channels. She has developed a fast-acquisition version of two-photon excitation microscopy that can be used to image at rates of 100 frames/second. She created polymer hydrogel beads that are responsive to enzymes. She is working with the Medical Research Scotland to create high brightness light-emitting diodes.In May 2012, she was appointed Professor and Director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She leads the Strathclyde Theme of Physics and Life Sciences and is part of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging.
Awards and honours
In recognition of her work, McConnell was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2010, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (FRMS).
== References == | family name | {
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5
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Gail McConnell (born 25 August 1976) is a Scottish physicist who is Professor of Physics and director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She is interested in optical microscopy and novel imaging techniques, and leads the Mesolens microscope facility where her research investigates linear and non-linear optics.
Early life and education
McConnell credits her high school physics teacher with her inspiration to study science. She studied optoelectronics and laser physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she was taught by Carol Trager-Cowan. She remained there for her graduate studies, earning a PhD in laser technology under the supervision of Allister Ferguson in 2002. She was the first member of her family to go to university.
Career and research
McConnell almost worked in telecommunications, but was convinced by Ferguson to join Strathclyde's new Centre for Biophotonics. She became interested in biomedical research and increasingly aware of the limitations of commercial imaging. Here she worked with Alison Gurney on the development of confocal, multi-photon wide-field microscopes. Gurney encouraged McConnell to apply for fellowships, and she was a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Research Councils UK (RCUK) postdoctoral fellow. She developed the world's first white light supercontinuum laser that could be used for confocal microscopy, as well as laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. She attended the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Practical Course in Advanced Optical Microscopy in Plymouth, which she has continued to support throughout her academic career.McConnell directs the Centre for Biophotonics and Mesolens laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, working on nonlinear and linear optical instrumentation for biomedical imaging. Nonlinear optics allows physicists precise control of excitation parameters, including the chance to tune the duration of laser pules.In 2009, McConnell began working with William Bradshaw Amos and built a new lens, Mesolens, that can allow 3D imaging with a depth resolution of a few microns for objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The Mesolens is a giant optical microscope objective supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC). It can be used to image large biomedical specimens, including embryos, tumours and areas in brain, as well as scanning large areas of samples in a short amount of time. The lens has 260 megapixal effective camera and a magic ratio of 8:1, which can even resolve individual bacteria. As the photometric volume can sample such a large area with sub-cellular detail, the Mesolens may allow for the imaging of rare events. Mesolens became a University spin-off, but McConnell decided to stay in academia to explore the physics of biomedical processes. The Mesolens generates such large amounts of data that McConnell became interested in computational biology. The Mesolens was selected by Physics World as one of the top achievements of 2016. She discussed the Mesolens on the podcast Not Exactly Rocket Science.Alongside the Mesolens, McConnell has explored how laser sources can be used to open voltage-gated ion channels, such as Calcium-activated potassium channels. She has developed a fast-acquisition version of two-photon excitation microscopy that can be used to image at rates of 100 frames/second. She created polymer hydrogel beads that are responsive to enzymes. She is working with the Medical Research Scotland to create high brightness light-emitting diodes.In May 2012, she was appointed Professor and Director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She leads the Strathclyde Theme of Physics and Life Sciences and is part of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging.
Awards and honours
In recognition of her work, McConnell was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2010, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (FRMS).
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Gail"
]
} |
Gail McConnell (born 25 August 1976) is a Scottish physicist who is Professor of Physics and director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She is interested in optical microscopy and novel imaging techniques, and leads the Mesolens microscope facility where her research investigates linear and non-linear optics.
Early life and education
McConnell credits her high school physics teacher with her inspiration to study science. She studied optoelectronics and laser physics at the University of Strathclyde, where she was taught by Carol Trager-Cowan. She remained there for her graduate studies, earning a PhD in laser technology under the supervision of Allister Ferguson in 2002. She was the first member of her family to go to university.
Career and research
McConnell almost worked in telecommunications, but was convinced by Ferguson to join Strathclyde's new Centre for Biophotonics. She became interested in biomedical research and increasingly aware of the limitations of commercial imaging. Here she worked with Alison Gurney on the development of confocal, multi-photon wide-field microscopes. Gurney encouraged McConnell to apply for fellowships, and she was a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Research Councils UK (RCUK) postdoctoral fellow. She developed the world's first white light supercontinuum laser that could be used for confocal microscopy, as well as laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. She attended the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Practical Course in Advanced Optical Microscopy in Plymouth, which she has continued to support throughout her academic career.McConnell directs the Centre for Biophotonics and Mesolens laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, working on nonlinear and linear optical instrumentation for biomedical imaging. Nonlinear optics allows physicists precise control of excitation parameters, including the chance to tune the duration of laser pules.In 2009, McConnell began working with William Bradshaw Amos and built a new lens, Mesolens, that can allow 3D imaging with a depth resolution of a few microns for objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The Mesolens is a giant optical microscope objective supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC). It can be used to image large biomedical specimens, including embryos, tumours and areas in brain, as well as scanning large areas of samples in a short amount of time. The lens has 260 megapixal effective camera and a magic ratio of 8:1, which can even resolve individual bacteria. As the photometric volume can sample such a large area with sub-cellular detail, the Mesolens may allow for the imaging of rare events. Mesolens became a University spin-off, but McConnell decided to stay in academia to explore the physics of biomedical processes. The Mesolens generates such large amounts of data that McConnell became interested in computational biology. The Mesolens was selected by Physics World as one of the top achievements of 2016. She discussed the Mesolens on the podcast Not Exactly Rocket Science.Alongside the Mesolens, McConnell has explored how laser sources can be used to open voltage-gated ion channels, such as Calcium-activated potassium channels. She has developed a fast-acquisition version of two-photon excitation microscopy that can be used to image at rates of 100 frames/second. She created polymer hydrogel beads that are responsive to enzymes. She is working with the Medical Research Scotland to create high brightness light-emitting diodes.In May 2012, she was appointed Professor and Director of the Centre for Biophotonics at the University of Strathclyde. She leads the Strathclyde Theme of Physics and Life Sciences and is part of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging.
Awards and honours
In recognition of her work, McConnell was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2010, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (FRMS).
== References == | influenced by | {
"answer_start": [
562
],
"text": [
"Carol Trager-Cowan"
]
} |
Shotley Grove is a small settlement on the river Derwent, about 1 mile upstream of Shotley Bridge in County Durham, England.
Today Shotley Grove is a pleasant rural idyll on the outskirts of Shotley Bridge, but in the past it was a vibrant part of early industrial of England. The Derwent valley played an important part in the industrialisation of the North, where the fast flowing river provided motive power to the emerging coal, lead and iron industries.
German settlers
It is believed Shotley Bridge was established in the early 17th century by a group of German sword makers. Robert Surtees. writing in 1820 states,
At Shotley-Bridge a colony of German Sword-cutlers, who fled from their own country for the sake of religious liberty, established themselves about the reign of King William. These quiet settlers, who brought with them habits of industry, and moral and religious principle, easily mingled with the children of the dale, and forgot the language of their forefathers. Few of the original names are now left, but the trade is still carried on, and sword-blades and scimitars of excellent temper are manufactured for the London market.
Tradition has it that the German colonists originated in Solingen, a small city on the river Wiffer, near DΓΌsseldorf. Solingen was celebrated for its fine elastic Damascene sword blades. The colonists brought with them the art of manufacturing these fine swords β a skill which was not known in England at that time.
The German sword makers, on arriving in England, desired a secluded location where they could maintain the secrecy of their art. They searched many areas of England, and eventually fixed on a spot on Derwentside, upstream of the old Roman town of Ebchester. Here they found the Derwent water was particularly suited to the tempering of steel. Indeed, they believed the water to be second to only to that of the Tagus at Toledo, where the famous Toledon swordmakers crafted their Damascus blades.
John Annandale
Shotley Grove first appears in the records in 1761, when a property deed describes a property belonging to Cuthbert Smith, of Snaws-Green . "... a parcel of land called Ealands, with a sword mill and a barley mill upon the same, lying near the mills there called Bishop's Mills, with a malting and a corn mill."In 1812, the property was sold to John Annandale, and on possession, he renamed it 'Shotley Grove'.
John Annandale and his brother Alexander came originally from Scotland, and founded the firm of Messrs. John Annandale & Sons, Paper Manufacturers, on 1 May 1799 at Haughton Mill in Northumberland.
Shotley Grove Paper Mills
When John Annandale purchased the Shotley Grove Mills in 1812, the paper mill housed two vats, a beater, a washer, and a small drying house. It probably produced no more than four tons of paper a week at first, but by the end of 1812 output of hand-made paper had increased to five or six tons a week.In 1826 John Annandale built a large house for his residence on the mill site. The house, known as Shotley Grove House, is shown in the photograph opposite, taken around 1900. It is one of the few buildings still remaining from the extensive 19th century works which can be seen in the background.
In 1828 the Low Mill was added just downstream of the High Mill. A map of 1829 shows both sites well developed with the mansion house and garden between them.
In 1841, Ryan describes the scene...
Shotley Grove is the appropriate and euphonious name which the late John Annandale, Esq. gave the High Mill when he purchased the property about thirty years ago, and commenced those improvements which his talented Sons have so laudably continued, and which have added so much to the richness and beauty of the whole landscape. The lands adjoining their substantial and elegant residence, and the flourishing plantation grounds, used to be proverbially poor farms and sterile fields, scarcely worth any cultivation, but are now extremely luxuriant and productive, and in the highest stage of agriculture β so much can judicious management accomplish in a few yearsβ¦.The whole of the estate, which is now very extensive, the magnificent manufactories of the first order, the clear water ponds around the house and in the rich gardens, the woods, plantations, and groves on all sides, and the verdant meadows and lawns present a rare combination of the town's opulence and the country's simplicity and retirement, of commerce and agriculture embracing each other, and both retaining their respective advantages and rural attractions.
In the early days of Annandale's mills, the paper was made largely by hand, sheet by sheet. The pulp was pressed between squares of felt, then dipped into sizing, and hung up to dry in the drying house.
Conditions during this early period were described by one of the managers:
As a lad I had to empty chests by myself with a grape or hand hook, my fingers would often bleed and my lungs often felt as though they were bursting with the fumes [bleach and vitriol] and the effort. Rag boilers were just open pans, all of the rags and rope were man-handled ... When a beater was emptied into the chest, a large hand bell was vigorously rung to warn the machine men to put more water on.
John Annandale, who had set up the business in 1799, was by reputation, a man of great energy and perseverance, who understood all the departments of the business. He was admitted by his most experienced workmen to be a thorough paper maker, an upright man and good Master, though a strict disciplinarian.
In 1834 he died, leaving the management of the mill to his widow, six sons and two daughtersAn inspection for the Royal Commission into the Employment of Children in 1843 noted fifteen children, employed at Shotley Grove Mill. Young girls were found to be working in the rag house cutting rags from 6.30 am until 6 pm, six days a week, and were paid 6d a day at nine years of age. They ate their meals in the rag room, with the dust in the air so thick as to cover their food. Coughs and extreme shortness of breath, also torn or cut hands, were commonplace. Despite this, the mill was noted to have the best-ventilated rag cutting room in the districtHowever, in the course of a few years, the industry was revolutionised by Fourdrinier's continuous paper-making machines. Such a machine was installed at Shotley Gove, and in 1857 Fordyce reported that the water wheels had largely been replaced by more powerful and reliable steam engines.
A further great impetus to the trade was provided in 1860, when William Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer, abolished the duty on paper, or as it was called, the "Tax upon Knowledge". (The Bill was initially rejected by the House of Lords, as they believed cheap publishing would encourage the dissemination of radical working class ideas).
The prosperity of the Shotley Grove mills at this time is described in a series of articles in the Newcastle Guardian. Like Ridely in 1841, the reporter emphasises the natural beauty of the location: "It is a place in which you might make love as well as paper." The articles also provide a detailed description of the paper making process at Shotley Grove, as well as the working conditions.
Up until this time, the main raw material for paper had been cotton rags, most of which were gathered locally and brought to the mill by Rag and Bone dealers and 'Candy Men'. However, even from the earliest days of the mill, the records show the Annandales importing rags from France and GermanyAs the volume of the paper trade grew, the supply of rags became more scarce, and in the 1870s the Annandales began to use Esparto grass from Spain as a raw material. Over fifty tons per week were consumed at Shotley Grove.
The capacity of the mills continued to expand through the next decades. In 1881, about 300 workers were employed, producing about 40β50 tons of finished paper per week.In 1894 the mill reached its peak production of about 95 tons of paper a week, and was described in this period as one of largest manufacturers in the United Kingdom.
Decline and closure
In the last decade of the 19th century, the paper mills at Shotley Grove found it increasingly difficult to business began to compete with the much larger scale wood-pulp processes emerging elsewhere across Europe.
The mills drifted into decline and by 1907 Shotley Grove was advertised for sale. No buyer could be found for the mills as a going concern, so the works was shut down between 1908 and 1911. The mill buildings were demolished and the machinery was auctioned off β some of it reputedly being shipped to India.
Today, there is very little evidence of the great industry that was Annandale's Shotley Grove Paper Mills.
The only remaining buildings are the workers cottages, the mansion house and stables.
The mansion house, now known simply as Grove House is referenced in Pevsner's Buildings of England.
Range of paper products
During much of its 100-year history, the reputation of Shotley Grove Paper mills was built on the quality of its cartridge paper, as supplied to Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
However, through the years, they also produced a wide variety of other papers, including the blue paper used by chemists to wrap Seidlitz powders and the paper from which collars, cuffs, and even shirt-fronts were made.
Stirk lists the range of papers produced at Shotley Grove...
Writing paper
Cartridge paper
Self blue paper (a paper that is derived from indigo-dyed rags)
Envelope papers
Fine printing paper
Blotting paper
News paper
Collar paper (for manufacture of paper shirt collars)
Cartridge paper for hosiery packaging
Long elephants (for printing as wall paper)
Manilla cartridges
Envelope paper
Gummed papers
Surfacing paper
Chromo (a type of coated paper used during the 19th- century to print chromolithographs)
Enamelling and Super-calendered papers (High gloss papers for colour printing)
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
8064
],
"text": [
"United Kingdom"
]
} |
Shotley Grove is a small settlement on the river Derwent, about 1 mile upstream of Shotley Bridge in County Durham, England.
Today Shotley Grove is a pleasant rural idyll on the outskirts of Shotley Bridge, but in the past it was a vibrant part of early industrial of England. The Derwent valley played an important part in the industrialisation of the North, where the fast flowing river provided motive power to the emerging coal, lead and iron industries.
German settlers
It is believed Shotley Bridge was established in the early 17th century by a group of German sword makers. Robert Surtees. writing in 1820 states,
At Shotley-Bridge a colony of German Sword-cutlers, who fled from their own country for the sake of religious liberty, established themselves about the reign of King William. These quiet settlers, who brought with them habits of industry, and moral and religious principle, easily mingled with the children of the dale, and forgot the language of their forefathers. Few of the original names are now left, but the trade is still carried on, and sword-blades and scimitars of excellent temper are manufactured for the London market.
Tradition has it that the German colonists originated in Solingen, a small city on the river Wiffer, near DΓΌsseldorf. Solingen was celebrated for its fine elastic Damascene sword blades. The colonists brought with them the art of manufacturing these fine swords β a skill which was not known in England at that time.
The German sword makers, on arriving in England, desired a secluded location where they could maintain the secrecy of their art. They searched many areas of England, and eventually fixed on a spot on Derwentside, upstream of the old Roman town of Ebchester. Here they found the Derwent water was particularly suited to the tempering of steel. Indeed, they believed the water to be second to only to that of the Tagus at Toledo, where the famous Toledon swordmakers crafted their Damascus blades.
John Annandale
Shotley Grove first appears in the records in 1761, when a property deed describes a property belonging to Cuthbert Smith, of Snaws-Green . "... a parcel of land called Ealands, with a sword mill and a barley mill upon the same, lying near the mills there called Bishop's Mills, with a malting and a corn mill."In 1812, the property was sold to John Annandale, and on possession, he renamed it 'Shotley Grove'.
John Annandale and his brother Alexander came originally from Scotland, and founded the firm of Messrs. John Annandale & Sons, Paper Manufacturers, on 1 May 1799 at Haughton Mill in Northumberland.
Shotley Grove Paper Mills
When John Annandale purchased the Shotley Grove Mills in 1812, the paper mill housed two vats, a beater, a washer, and a small drying house. It probably produced no more than four tons of paper a week at first, but by the end of 1812 output of hand-made paper had increased to five or six tons a week.In 1826 John Annandale built a large house for his residence on the mill site. The house, known as Shotley Grove House, is shown in the photograph opposite, taken around 1900. It is one of the few buildings still remaining from the extensive 19th century works which can be seen in the background.
In 1828 the Low Mill was added just downstream of the High Mill. A map of 1829 shows both sites well developed with the mansion house and garden between them.
In 1841, Ryan describes the scene...
Shotley Grove is the appropriate and euphonious name which the late John Annandale, Esq. gave the High Mill when he purchased the property about thirty years ago, and commenced those improvements which his talented Sons have so laudably continued, and which have added so much to the richness and beauty of the whole landscape. The lands adjoining their substantial and elegant residence, and the flourishing plantation grounds, used to be proverbially poor farms and sterile fields, scarcely worth any cultivation, but are now extremely luxuriant and productive, and in the highest stage of agriculture β so much can judicious management accomplish in a few yearsβ¦.The whole of the estate, which is now very extensive, the magnificent manufactories of the first order, the clear water ponds around the house and in the rich gardens, the woods, plantations, and groves on all sides, and the verdant meadows and lawns present a rare combination of the town's opulence and the country's simplicity and retirement, of commerce and agriculture embracing each other, and both retaining their respective advantages and rural attractions.
In the early days of Annandale's mills, the paper was made largely by hand, sheet by sheet. The pulp was pressed between squares of felt, then dipped into sizing, and hung up to dry in the drying house.
Conditions during this early period were described by one of the managers:
As a lad I had to empty chests by myself with a grape or hand hook, my fingers would often bleed and my lungs often felt as though they were bursting with the fumes [bleach and vitriol] and the effort. Rag boilers were just open pans, all of the rags and rope were man-handled ... When a beater was emptied into the chest, a large hand bell was vigorously rung to warn the machine men to put more water on.
John Annandale, who had set up the business in 1799, was by reputation, a man of great energy and perseverance, who understood all the departments of the business. He was admitted by his most experienced workmen to be a thorough paper maker, an upright man and good Master, though a strict disciplinarian.
In 1834 he died, leaving the management of the mill to his widow, six sons and two daughtersAn inspection for the Royal Commission into the Employment of Children in 1843 noted fifteen children, employed at Shotley Grove Mill. Young girls were found to be working in the rag house cutting rags from 6.30 am until 6 pm, six days a week, and were paid 6d a day at nine years of age. They ate their meals in the rag room, with the dust in the air so thick as to cover their food. Coughs and extreme shortness of breath, also torn or cut hands, were commonplace. Despite this, the mill was noted to have the best-ventilated rag cutting room in the districtHowever, in the course of a few years, the industry was revolutionised by Fourdrinier's continuous paper-making machines. Such a machine was installed at Shotley Gove, and in 1857 Fordyce reported that the water wheels had largely been replaced by more powerful and reliable steam engines.
A further great impetus to the trade was provided in 1860, when William Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer, abolished the duty on paper, or as it was called, the "Tax upon Knowledge". (The Bill was initially rejected by the House of Lords, as they believed cheap publishing would encourage the dissemination of radical working class ideas).
The prosperity of the Shotley Grove mills at this time is described in a series of articles in the Newcastle Guardian. Like Ridely in 1841, the reporter emphasises the natural beauty of the location: "It is a place in which you might make love as well as paper." The articles also provide a detailed description of the paper making process at Shotley Grove, as well as the working conditions.
Up until this time, the main raw material for paper had been cotton rags, most of which were gathered locally and brought to the mill by Rag and Bone dealers and 'Candy Men'. However, even from the earliest days of the mill, the records show the Annandales importing rags from France and GermanyAs the volume of the paper trade grew, the supply of rags became more scarce, and in the 1870s the Annandales began to use Esparto grass from Spain as a raw material. Over fifty tons per week were consumed at Shotley Grove.
The capacity of the mills continued to expand through the next decades. In 1881, about 300 workers were employed, producing about 40β50 tons of finished paper per week.In 1894 the mill reached its peak production of about 95 tons of paper a week, and was described in this period as one of largest manufacturers in the United Kingdom.
Decline and closure
In the last decade of the 19th century, the paper mills at Shotley Grove found it increasingly difficult to business began to compete with the much larger scale wood-pulp processes emerging elsewhere across Europe.
The mills drifted into decline and by 1907 Shotley Grove was advertised for sale. No buyer could be found for the mills as a going concern, so the works was shut down between 1908 and 1911. The mill buildings were demolished and the machinery was auctioned off β some of it reputedly being shipped to India.
Today, there is very little evidence of the great industry that was Annandale's Shotley Grove Paper Mills.
The only remaining buildings are the workers cottages, the mansion house and stables.
The mansion house, now known simply as Grove House is referenced in Pevsner's Buildings of England.
Range of paper products
During much of its 100-year history, the reputation of Shotley Grove Paper mills was built on the quality of its cartridge paper, as supplied to Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
However, through the years, they also produced a wide variety of other papers, including the blue paper used by chemists to wrap Seidlitz powders and the paper from which collars, cuffs, and even shirt-fronts were made.
Stirk lists the range of papers produced at Shotley Grove...
Writing paper
Cartridge paper
Self blue paper (a paper that is derived from indigo-dyed rags)
Envelope papers
Fine printing paper
Blotting paper
News paper
Collar paper (for manufacture of paper shirt collars)
Cartridge paper for hosiery packaging
Long elephants (for printing as wall paper)
Manilla cartridges
Envelope paper
Gummed papers
Surfacing paper
Chromo (a type of coated paper used during the 19th- century to print chromolithographs)
Enamelling and Super-calendered papers (High gloss papers for colour printing)
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"County Durham"
]
} |
Shotley Grove is a small settlement on the river Derwent, about 1 mile upstream of Shotley Bridge in County Durham, England.
Today Shotley Grove is a pleasant rural idyll on the outskirts of Shotley Bridge, but in the past it was a vibrant part of early industrial of England. The Derwent valley played an important part in the industrialisation of the North, where the fast flowing river provided motive power to the emerging coal, lead and iron industries.
German settlers
It is believed Shotley Bridge was established in the early 17th century by a group of German sword makers. Robert Surtees. writing in 1820 states,
At Shotley-Bridge a colony of German Sword-cutlers, who fled from their own country for the sake of religious liberty, established themselves about the reign of King William. These quiet settlers, who brought with them habits of industry, and moral and religious principle, easily mingled with the children of the dale, and forgot the language of their forefathers. Few of the original names are now left, but the trade is still carried on, and sword-blades and scimitars of excellent temper are manufactured for the London market.
Tradition has it that the German colonists originated in Solingen, a small city on the river Wiffer, near DΓΌsseldorf. Solingen was celebrated for its fine elastic Damascene sword blades. The colonists brought with them the art of manufacturing these fine swords β a skill which was not known in England at that time.
The German sword makers, on arriving in England, desired a secluded location where they could maintain the secrecy of their art. They searched many areas of England, and eventually fixed on a spot on Derwentside, upstream of the old Roman town of Ebchester. Here they found the Derwent water was particularly suited to the tempering of steel. Indeed, they believed the water to be second to only to that of the Tagus at Toledo, where the famous Toledon swordmakers crafted their Damascus blades.
John Annandale
Shotley Grove first appears in the records in 1761, when a property deed describes a property belonging to Cuthbert Smith, of Snaws-Green . "... a parcel of land called Ealands, with a sword mill and a barley mill upon the same, lying near the mills there called Bishop's Mills, with a malting and a corn mill."In 1812, the property was sold to John Annandale, and on possession, he renamed it 'Shotley Grove'.
John Annandale and his brother Alexander came originally from Scotland, and founded the firm of Messrs. John Annandale & Sons, Paper Manufacturers, on 1 May 1799 at Haughton Mill in Northumberland.
Shotley Grove Paper Mills
When John Annandale purchased the Shotley Grove Mills in 1812, the paper mill housed two vats, a beater, a washer, and a small drying house. It probably produced no more than four tons of paper a week at first, but by the end of 1812 output of hand-made paper had increased to five or six tons a week.In 1826 John Annandale built a large house for his residence on the mill site. The house, known as Shotley Grove House, is shown in the photograph opposite, taken around 1900. It is one of the few buildings still remaining from the extensive 19th century works which can be seen in the background.
In 1828 the Low Mill was added just downstream of the High Mill. A map of 1829 shows both sites well developed with the mansion house and garden between them.
In 1841, Ryan describes the scene...
Shotley Grove is the appropriate and euphonious name which the late John Annandale, Esq. gave the High Mill when he purchased the property about thirty years ago, and commenced those improvements which his talented Sons have so laudably continued, and which have added so much to the richness and beauty of the whole landscape. The lands adjoining their substantial and elegant residence, and the flourishing plantation grounds, used to be proverbially poor farms and sterile fields, scarcely worth any cultivation, but are now extremely luxuriant and productive, and in the highest stage of agriculture β so much can judicious management accomplish in a few yearsβ¦.The whole of the estate, which is now very extensive, the magnificent manufactories of the first order, the clear water ponds around the house and in the rich gardens, the woods, plantations, and groves on all sides, and the verdant meadows and lawns present a rare combination of the town's opulence and the country's simplicity and retirement, of commerce and agriculture embracing each other, and both retaining their respective advantages and rural attractions.
In the early days of Annandale's mills, the paper was made largely by hand, sheet by sheet. The pulp was pressed between squares of felt, then dipped into sizing, and hung up to dry in the drying house.
Conditions during this early period were described by one of the managers:
As a lad I had to empty chests by myself with a grape or hand hook, my fingers would often bleed and my lungs often felt as though they were bursting with the fumes [bleach and vitriol] and the effort. Rag boilers were just open pans, all of the rags and rope were man-handled ... When a beater was emptied into the chest, a large hand bell was vigorously rung to warn the machine men to put more water on.
John Annandale, who had set up the business in 1799, was by reputation, a man of great energy and perseverance, who understood all the departments of the business. He was admitted by his most experienced workmen to be a thorough paper maker, an upright man and good Master, though a strict disciplinarian.
In 1834 he died, leaving the management of the mill to his widow, six sons and two daughtersAn inspection for the Royal Commission into the Employment of Children in 1843 noted fifteen children, employed at Shotley Grove Mill. Young girls were found to be working in the rag house cutting rags from 6.30 am until 6 pm, six days a week, and were paid 6d a day at nine years of age. They ate their meals in the rag room, with the dust in the air so thick as to cover their food. Coughs and extreme shortness of breath, also torn or cut hands, were commonplace. Despite this, the mill was noted to have the best-ventilated rag cutting room in the districtHowever, in the course of a few years, the industry was revolutionised by Fourdrinier's continuous paper-making machines. Such a machine was installed at Shotley Gove, and in 1857 Fordyce reported that the water wheels had largely been replaced by more powerful and reliable steam engines.
A further great impetus to the trade was provided in 1860, when William Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer, abolished the duty on paper, or as it was called, the "Tax upon Knowledge". (The Bill was initially rejected by the House of Lords, as they believed cheap publishing would encourage the dissemination of radical working class ideas).
The prosperity of the Shotley Grove mills at this time is described in a series of articles in the Newcastle Guardian. Like Ridely in 1841, the reporter emphasises the natural beauty of the location: "It is a place in which you might make love as well as paper." The articles also provide a detailed description of the paper making process at Shotley Grove, as well as the working conditions.
Up until this time, the main raw material for paper had been cotton rags, most of which were gathered locally and brought to the mill by Rag and Bone dealers and 'Candy Men'. However, even from the earliest days of the mill, the records show the Annandales importing rags from France and GermanyAs the volume of the paper trade grew, the supply of rags became more scarce, and in the 1870s the Annandales began to use Esparto grass from Spain as a raw material. Over fifty tons per week were consumed at Shotley Grove.
The capacity of the mills continued to expand through the next decades. In 1881, about 300 workers were employed, producing about 40β50 tons of finished paper per week.In 1894 the mill reached its peak production of about 95 tons of paper a week, and was described in this period as one of largest manufacturers in the United Kingdom.
Decline and closure
In the last decade of the 19th century, the paper mills at Shotley Grove found it increasingly difficult to business began to compete with the much larger scale wood-pulp processes emerging elsewhere across Europe.
The mills drifted into decline and by 1907 Shotley Grove was advertised for sale. No buyer could be found for the mills as a going concern, so the works was shut down between 1908 and 1911. The mill buildings were demolished and the machinery was auctioned off β some of it reputedly being shipped to India.
Today, there is very little evidence of the great industry that was Annandale's Shotley Grove Paper Mills.
The only remaining buildings are the workers cottages, the mansion house and stables.
The mansion house, now known simply as Grove House is referenced in Pevsner's Buildings of England.
Range of paper products
During much of its 100-year history, the reputation of Shotley Grove Paper mills was built on the quality of its cartridge paper, as supplied to Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
However, through the years, they also produced a wide variety of other papers, including the blue paper used by chemists to wrap Seidlitz powders and the paper from which collars, cuffs, and even shirt-fronts were made.
Stirk lists the range of papers produced at Shotley Grove...
Writing paper
Cartridge paper
Self blue paper (a paper that is derived from indigo-dyed rags)
Envelope papers
Fine printing paper
Blotting paper
News paper
Collar paper (for manufacture of paper shirt collars)
Cartridge paper for hosiery packaging
Long elephants (for printing as wall paper)
Manilla cartridges
Envelope paper
Gummed papers
Surfacing paper
Chromo (a type of coated paper used during the 19th- century to print chromolithographs)
Enamelling and Super-calendered papers (High gloss papers for colour printing)
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Shotley Grove"
]
} |
Shotley Grove is a small settlement on the river Derwent, about 1 mile upstream of Shotley Bridge in County Durham, England.
Today Shotley Grove is a pleasant rural idyll on the outskirts of Shotley Bridge, but in the past it was a vibrant part of early industrial of England. The Derwent valley played an important part in the industrialisation of the North, where the fast flowing river provided motive power to the emerging coal, lead and iron industries.
German settlers
It is believed Shotley Bridge was established in the early 17th century by a group of German sword makers. Robert Surtees. writing in 1820 states,
At Shotley-Bridge a colony of German Sword-cutlers, who fled from their own country for the sake of religious liberty, established themselves about the reign of King William. These quiet settlers, who brought with them habits of industry, and moral and religious principle, easily mingled with the children of the dale, and forgot the language of their forefathers. Few of the original names are now left, but the trade is still carried on, and sword-blades and scimitars of excellent temper are manufactured for the London market.
Tradition has it that the German colonists originated in Solingen, a small city on the river Wiffer, near DΓΌsseldorf. Solingen was celebrated for its fine elastic Damascene sword blades. The colonists brought with them the art of manufacturing these fine swords β a skill which was not known in England at that time.
The German sword makers, on arriving in England, desired a secluded location where they could maintain the secrecy of their art. They searched many areas of England, and eventually fixed on a spot on Derwentside, upstream of the old Roman town of Ebchester. Here they found the Derwent water was particularly suited to the tempering of steel. Indeed, they believed the water to be second to only to that of the Tagus at Toledo, where the famous Toledon swordmakers crafted their Damascus blades.
John Annandale
Shotley Grove first appears in the records in 1761, when a property deed describes a property belonging to Cuthbert Smith, of Snaws-Green . "... a parcel of land called Ealands, with a sword mill and a barley mill upon the same, lying near the mills there called Bishop's Mills, with a malting and a corn mill."In 1812, the property was sold to John Annandale, and on possession, he renamed it 'Shotley Grove'.
John Annandale and his brother Alexander came originally from Scotland, and founded the firm of Messrs. John Annandale & Sons, Paper Manufacturers, on 1 May 1799 at Haughton Mill in Northumberland.
Shotley Grove Paper Mills
When John Annandale purchased the Shotley Grove Mills in 1812, the paper mill housed two vats, a beater, a washer, and a small drying house. It probably produced no more than four tons of paper a week at first, but by the end of 1812 output of hand-made paper had increased to five or six tons a week.In 1826 John Annandale built a large house for his residence on the mill site. The house, known as Shotley Grove House, is shown in the photograph opposite, taken around 1900. It is one of the few buildings still remaining from the extensive 19th century works which can be seen in the background.
In 1828 the Low Mill was added just downstream of the High Mill. A map of 1829 shows both sites well developed with the mansion house and garden between them.
In 1841, Ryan describes the scene...
Shotley Grove is the appropriate and euphonious name which the late John Annandale, Esq. gave the High Mill when he purchased the property about thirty years ago, and commenced those improvements which his talented Sons have so laudably continued, and which have added so much to the richness and beauty of the whole landscape. The lands adjoining their substantial and elegant residence, and the flourishing plantation grounds, used to be proverbially poor farms and sterile fields, scarcely worth any cultivation, but are now extremely luxuriant and productive, and in the highest stage of agriculture β so much can judicious management accomplish in a few yearsβ¦.The whole of the estate, which is now very extensive, the magnificent manufactories of the first order, the clear water ponds around the house and in the rich gardens, the woods, plantations, and groves on all sides, and the verdant meadows and lawns present a rare combination of the town's opulence and the country's simplicity and retirement, of commerce and agriculture embracing each other, and both retaining their respective advantages and rural attractions.
In the early days of Annandale's mills, the paper was made largely by hand, sheet by sheet. The pulp was pressed between squares of felt, then dipped into sizing, and hung up to dry in the drying house.
Conditions during this early period were described by one of the managers:
As a lad I had to empty chests by myself with a grape or hand hook, my fingers would often bleed and my lungs often felt as though they were bursting with the fumes [bleach and vitriol] and the effort. Rag boilers were just open pans, all of the rags and rope were man-handled ... When a beater was emptied into the chest, a large hand bell was vigorously rung to warn the machine men to put more water on.
John Annandale, who had set up the business in 1799, was by reputation, a man of great energy and perseverance, who understood all the departments of the business. He was admitted by his most experienced workmen to be a thorough paper maker, an upright man and good Master, though a strict disciplinarian.
In 1834 he died, leaving the management of the mill to his widow, six sons and two daughtersAn inspection for the Royal Commission into the Employment of Children in 1843 noted fifteen children, employed at Shotley Grove Mill. Young girls were found to be working in the rag house cutting rags from 6.30 am until 6 pm, six days a week, and were paid 6d a day at nine years of age. They ate their meals in the rag room, with the dust in the air so thick as to cover their food. Coughs and extreme shortness of breath, also torn or cut hands, were commonplace. Despite this, the mill was noted to have the best-ventilated rag cutting room in the districtHowever, in the course of a few years, the industry was revolutionised by Fourdrinier's continuous paper-making machines. Such a machine was installed at Shotley Gove, and in 1857 Fordyce reported that the water wheels had largely been replaced by more powerful and reliable steam engines.
A further great impetus to the trade was provided in 1860, when William Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer, abolished the duty on paper, or as it was called, the "Tax upon Knowledge". (The Bill was initially rejected by the House of Lords, as they believed cheap publishing would encourage the dissemination of radical working class ideas).
The prosperity of the Shotley Grove mills at this time is described in a series of articles in the Newcastle Guardian. Like Ridely in 1841, the reporter emphasises the natural beauty of the location: "It is a place in which you might make love as well as paper." The articles also provide a detailed description of the paper making process at Shotley Grove, as well as the working conditions.
Up until this time, the main raw material for paper had been cotton rags, most of which were gathered locally and brought to the mill by Rag and Bone dealers and 'Candy Men'. However, even from the earliest days of the mill, the records show the Annandales importing rags from France and GermanyAs the volume of the paper trade grew, the supply of rags became more scarce, and in the 1870s the Annandales began to use Esparto grass from Spain as a raw material. Over fifty tons per week were consumed at Shotley Grove.
The capacity of the mills continued to expand through the next decades. In 1881, about 300 workers were employed, producing about 40β50 tons of finished paper per week.In 1894 the mill reached its peak production of about 95 tons of paper a week, and was described in this period as one of largest manufacturers in the United Kingdom.
Decline and closure
In the last decade of the 19th century, the paper mills at Shotley Grove found it increasingly difficult to business began to compete with the much larger scale wood-pulp processes emerging elsewhere across Europe.
The mills drifted into decline and by 1907 Shotley Grove was advertised for sale. No buyer could be found for the mills as a going concern, so the works was shut down between 1908 and 1911. The mill buildings were demolished and the machinery was auctioned off β some of it reputedly being shipped to India.
Today, there is very little evidence of the great industry that was Annandale's Shotley Grove Paper Mills.
The only remaining buildings are the workers cottages, the mansion house and stables.
The mansion house, now known simply as Grove House is referenced in Pevsner's Buildings of England.
Range of paper products
During much of its 100-year history, the reputation of Shotley Grove Paper mills was built on the quality of its cartridge paper, as supplied to Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
However, through the years, they also produced a wide variety of other papers, including the blue paper used by chemists to wrap Seidlitz powders and the paper from which collars, cuffs, and even shirt-fronts were made.
Stirk lists the range of papers produced at Shotley Grove...
Writing paper
Cartridge paper
Self blue paper (a paper that is derived from indigo-dyed rags)
Envelope papers
Fine printing paper
Blotting paper
News paper
Collar paper (for manufacture of paper shirt collars)
Cartridge paper for hosiery packaging
Long elephants (for printing as wall paper)
Manilla cartridges
Envelope paper
Gummed papers
Surfacing paper
Chromo (a type of coated paper used during the 19th- century to print chromolithographs)
Enamelling and Super-calendered papers (High gloss papers for colour printing)
== References == | historic county | {
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"County Durham"
]
} |
Nathan Shapell (March 7, 1922 β March 11, 2007) was a Polish-born American survivor of The Holocaust, as well as a real estate developer whose Shapell Industries was one of the largest real estate companies in California; he was also a philanthropist.
Early life and education
Nathan Schapelski was born on March 7, 1922, in Poland. He was a teenager during Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland. His mother was deported to the Targowa ghetto. He was deported to the Buchenwald and Auschwitz concentration camps, and managed to escape the latter. After the war, he built housing for homeless Jews in MΓΌnchberg, Germany.
Career
Shapell moved to Los Angeles, California, with his wife in 1952, after reading about it in Life magazine, and they decided to stay. By 1955, together with his brother David and brother-in-law Max Webb, he co-founded Shapell Industries, a real estate development company. He served as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.Shapell developed the MGM ranch in Thousand Oaks, California, the residential community of Kite Hill in Laguna Niguel, California, the East Lake development in Yorba Linda, and Promenade Towers, a 510-unit project in Downtown Los Angeles. In the late 1980s, he developed Porter Ranch, California, adding commercial buildings to the residential community.With Jona Goldrich and Sol B. Kest, Shapell developed some buildings in the Bunker Hill area of Downtown Los Angeles, including Promenade Towers, Grand Promenade and the California Plaza.From 1969 to 1984, Shapell Industries was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange. He built over 65,000 houses in California.
Philanthropy
Shapell served as a past President and Executive Board Member of the Academy of Achievement. He also served on the Little Hoover Commission from 1975 to 1994. He also founded and Co-Chaired Building a Better Los Angeles, which raised US$1 million for homeless people in Los Angeles. In 1980, he was Chairman of California's Task Force on Affordable Housing. In 1987, he became President of Drug Abuse Resistance Education, an anti-drug non-profit organization in the United States. He served on President Ronald Reagan's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control. In 1992, Governor Pete Wilson appointed him to the California Competitiveness Council to help boost the economy. In 1998, Senate President Pro-Tem Bill Lockyer appointed him to a commission to help alleviate California's overcrowding of prisons. He was one of the founders of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and reappointed twice by President Bill Clinton to its governing council.Shapell donated to the Yad Vashem, Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, the University of Santa Clara, the University of Southern California, as well as Tel Aviv University and Bar-Ilan University in Israel. He also supported the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, the D.A.R.E. program, and the Vista Del Mar Child and Family Services. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Santa Clara in 1986 and from Tel Aviv University in 1987. He was a strong supporter of Israel, and he traveled to the frontlines to show his support to the Israel Defense Forces during the Sinai War, the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War.
Personal life
Shapell lived in Beverly Hills, California. He was married to Lilly Schreiber, who died in 1994. She was also an Auschwitz survivor and worked as an interpreter at several of the war crimes trials. They had a daughter, Vera Guerin. She married a gentile, Paul Guerin, over her father's objections. Vera inherited her fatherβs 43 percent stake in Shapell Industries.
Death and legacy
Shapell died on March 11, 2007, and he was buried in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California.In November 2013, Toll Brothers purchased the Shapell Homes housebuilding division of Shapell Industries for $1.6 billion; his daughter Vera's share was $690 million. Vera still retains a 43 percent interest in the remainder of Shapell industries which includes over 10,000 apartments, five shopping centers, and four office buildings worth an additional $1.7 billion.The Nathan Shapell Memorial Highway in Los Angeles, California, is named in his honor, along with a park in Yorba Linda and the football field of Yorba Linda High School.
Bibliography
Shapell, Nathan (1974). Witness to the Truth. New York: McKay. ISBN 9780679504566. OCLC 979043.
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"Poland"
]
} |
Nathan Shapell (March 7, 1922 β March 11, 2007) was a Polish-born American survivor of The Holocaust, as well as a real estate developer whose Shapell Industries was one of the largest real estate companies in California; he was also a philanthropist.
Early life and education
Nathan Schapelski was born on March 7, 1922, in Poland. He was a teenager during Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland. His mother was deported to the Targowa ghetto. He was deported to the Buchenwald and Auschwitz concentration camps, and managed to escape the latter. After the war, he built housing for homeless Jews in MΓΌnchberg, Germany.
Career
Shapell moved to Los Angeles, California, with his wife in 1952, after reading about it in Life magazine, and they decided to stay. By 1955, together with his brother David and brother-in-law Max Webb, he co-founded Shapell Industries, a real estate development company. He served as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.Shapell developed the MGM ranch in Thousand Oaks, California, the residential community of Kite Hill in Laguna Niguel, California, the East Lake development in Yorba Linda, and Promenade Towers, a 510-unit project in Downtown Los Angeles. In the late 1980s, he developed Porter Ranch, California, adding commercial buildings to the residential community.With Jona Goldrich and Sol B. Kest, Shapell developed some buildings in the Bunker Hill area of Downtown Los Angeles, including Promenade Towers, Grand Promenade and the California Plaza.From 1969 to 1984, Shapell Industries was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange. He built over 65,000 houses in California.
Philanthropy
Shapell served as a past President and Executive Board Member of the Academy of Achievement. He also served on the Little Hoover Commission from 1975 to 1994. He also founded and Co-Chaired Building a Better Los Angeles, which raised US$1 million for homeless people in Los Angeles. In 1980, he was Chairman of California's Task Force on Affordable Housing. In 1987, he became President of Drug Abuse Resistance Education, an anti-drug non-profit organization in the United States. He served on President Ronald Reagan's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control. In 1992, Governor Pete Wilson appointed him to the California Competitiveness Council to help boost the economy. In 1998, Senate President Pro-Tem Bill Lockyer appointed him to a commission to help alleviate California's overcrowding of prisons. He was one of the founders of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and reappointed twice by President Bill Clinton to its governing council.Shapell donated to the Yad Vashem, Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, the University of Santa Clara, the University of Southern California, as well as Tel Aviv University and Bar-Ilan University in Israel. He also supported the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, the D.A.R.E. program, and the Vista Del Mar Child and Family Services. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Santa Clara in 1986 and from Tel Aviv University in 1987. He was a strong supporter of Israel, and he traveled to the frontlines to show his support to the Israel Defense Forces during the Sinai War, the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War.
Personal life
Shapell lived in Beverly Hills, California. He was married to Lilly Schreiber, who died in 1994. She was also an Auschwitz survivor and worked as an interpreter at several of the war crimes trials. They had a daughter, Vera Guerin. She married a gentile, Paul Guerin, over her father's objections. Vera inherited her fatherβs 43 percent stake in Shapell Industries.
Death and legacy
Shapell died on March 11, 2007, and he was buried in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California.In November 2013, Toll Brothers purchased the Shapell Homes housebuilding division of Shapell Industries for $1.6 billion; his daughter Vera's share was $690 million. Vera still retains a 43 percent interest in the remainder of Shapell industries which includes over 10,000 apartments, five shopping centers, and four office buildings worth an additional $1.7 billion.The Nathan Shapell Memorial Highway in Los Angeles, California, is named in his honor, along with a park in Yorba Linda and the football field of Yorba Linda High School.
Bibliography
Shapell, Nathan (1974). Witness to the Truth. New York: McKay. ISBN 9780679504566. OCLC 979043.
== References == | place of death | {
"answer_start": [
3361
],
"text": [
"Beverly Hills"
]
} |
Nathan Shapell (March 7, 1922 β March 11, 2007) was a Polish-born American survivor of The Holocaust, as well as a real estate developer whose Shapell Industries was one of the largest real estate companies in California; he was also a philanthropist.
Early life and education
Nathan Schapelski was born on March 7, 1922, in Poland. He was a teenager during Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland. His mother was deported to the Targowa ghetto. He was deported to the Buchenwald and Auschwitz concentration camps, and managed to escape the latter. After the war, he built housing for homeless Jews in MΓΌnchberg, Germany.
Career
Shapell moved to Los Angeles, California, with his wife in 1952, after reading about it in Life magazine, and they decided to stay. By 1955, together with his brother David and brother-in-law Max Webb, he co-founded Shapell Industries, a real estate development company. He served as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.Shapell developed the MGM ranch in Thousand Oaks, California, the residential community of Kite Hill in Laguna Niguel, California, the East Lake development in Yorba Linda, and Promenade Towers, a 510-unit project in Downtown Los Angeles. In the late 1980s, he developed Porter Ranch, California, adding commercial buildings to the residential community.With Jona Goldrich and Sol B. Kest, Shapell developed some buildings in the Bunker Hill area of Downtown Los Angeles, including Promenade Towers, Grand Promenade and the California Plaza.From 1969 to 1984, Shapell Industries was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange. He built over 65,000 houses in California.
Philanthropy
Shapell served as a past President and Executive Board Member of the Academy of Achievement. He also served on the Little Hoover Commission from 1975 to 1994. He also founded and Co-Chaired Building a Better Los Angeles, which raised US$1 million for homeless people in Los Angeles. In 1980, he was Chairman of California's Task Force on Affordable Housing. In 1987, he became President of Drug Abuse Resistance Education, an anti-drug non-profit organization in the United States. He served on President Ronald Reagan's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control. In 1992, Governor Pete Wilson appointed him to the California Competitiveness Council to help boost the economy. In 1998, Senate President Pro-Tem Bill Lockyer appointed him to a commission to help alleviate California's overcrowding of prisons. He was one of the founders of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and reappointed twice by President Bill Clinton to its governing council.Shapell donated to the Yad Vashem, Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, the University of Santa Clara, the University of Southern California, as well as Tel Aviv University and Bar-Ilan University in Israel. He also supported the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, the D.A.R.E. program, and the Vista Del Mar Child and Family Services. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Santa Clara in 1986 and from Tel Aviv University in 1987. He was a strong supporter of Israel, and he traveled to the frontlines to show his support to the Israel Defense Forces during the Sinai War, the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War.
Personal life
Shapell lived in Beverly Hills, California. He was married to Lilly Schreiber, who died in 1994. She was also an Auschwitz survivor and worked as an interpreter at several of the war crimes trials. They had a daughter, Vera Guerin. She married a gentile, Paul Guerin, over her father's objections. Vera inherited her fatherβs 43 percent stake in Shapell Industries.
Death and legacy
Shapell died on March 11, 2007, and he was buried in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California.In November 2013, Toll Brothers purchased the Shapell Homes housebuilding division of Shapell Industries for $1.6 billion; his daughter Vera's share was $690 million. Vera still retains a 43 percent interest in the remainder of Shapell industries which includes over 10,000 apartments, five shopping centers, and four office buildings worth an additional $1.7 billion.The Nathan Shapell Memorial Highway in Los Angeles, California, is named in his honor, along with a park in Yorba Linda and the football field of Yorba Linda High School.
Bibliography
Shapell, Nathan (1974). Witness to the Truth. New York: McKay. ISBN 9780679504566. OCLC 979043.
== References == | child | {
"answer_start": [
3563
],
"text": [
"Vera Guerin"
]
} |
Nathan Shapell (March 7, 1922 β March 11, 2007) was a Polish-born American survivor of The Holocaust, as well as a real estate developer whose Shapell Industries was one of the largest real estate companies in California; he was also a philanthropist.
Early life and education
Nathan Schapelski was born on March 7, 1922, in Poland. He was a teenager during Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland. His mother was deported to the Targowa ghetto. He was deported to the Buchenwald and Auschwitz concentration camps, and managed to escape the latter. After the war, he built housing for homeless Jews in MΓΌnchberg, Germany.
Career
Shapell moved to Los Angeles, California, with his wife in 1952, after reading about it in Life magazine, and they decided to stay. By 1955, together with his brother David and brother-in-law Max Webb, he co-founded Shapell Industries, a real estate development company. He served as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.Shapell developed the MGM ranch in Thousand Oaks, California, the residential community of Kite Hill in Laguna Niguel, California, the East Lake development in Yorba Linda, and Promenade Towers, a 510-unit project in Downtown Los Angeles. In the late 1980s, he developed Porter Ranch, California, adding commercial buildings to the residential community.With Jona Goldrich and Sol B. Kest, Shapell developed some buildings in the Bunker Hill area of Downtown Los Angeles, including Promenade Towers, Grand Promenade and the California Plaza.From 1969 to 1984, Shapell Industries was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange. He built over 65,000 houses in California.
Philanthropy
Shapell served as a past President and Executive Board Member of the Academy of Achievement. He also served on the Little Hoover Commission from 1975 to 1994. He also founded and Co-Chaired Building a Better Los Angeles, which raised US$1 million for homeless people in Los Angeles. In 1980, he was Chairman of California's Task Force on Affordable Housing. In 1987, he became President of Drug Abuse Resistance Education, an anti-drug non-profit organization in the United States. He served on President Ronald Reagan's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control. In 1992, Governor Pete Wilson appointed him to the California Competitiveness Council to help boost the economy. In 1998, Senate President Pro-Tem Bill Lockyer appointed him to a commission to help alleviate California's overcrowding of prisons. He was one of the founders of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and reappointed twice by President Bill Clinton to its governing council.Shapell donated to the Yad Vashem, Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, the University of Santa Clara, the University of Southern California, as well as Tel Aviv University and Bar-Ilan University in Israel. He also supported the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, the D.A.R.E. program, and the Vista Del Mar Child and Family Services. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Santa Clara in 1986 and from Tel Aviv University in 1987. He was a strong supporter of Israel, and he traveled to the frontlines to show his support to the Israel Defense Forces during the Sinai War, the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War.
Personal life
Shapell lived in Beverly Hills, California. He was married to Lilly Schreiber, who died in 1994. She was also an Auschwitz survivor and worked as an interpreter at several of the war crimes trials. They had a daughter, Vera Guerin. She married a gentile, Paul Guerin, over her father's objections. Vera inherited her fatherβs 43 percent stake in Shapell Industries.
Death and legacy
Shapell died on March 11, 2007, and he was buried in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California.In November 2013, Toll Brothers purchased the Shapell Homes housebuilding division of Shapell Industries for $1.6 billion; his daughter Vera's share was $690 million. Vera still retains a 43 percent interest in the remainder of Shapell industries which includes over 10,000 apartments, five shopping centers, and four office buildings worth an additional $1.7 billion.The Nathan Shapell Memorial Highway in Los Angeles, California, is named in his honor, along with a park in Yorba Linda and the football field of Yorba Linda High School.
Bibliography
Shapell, Nathan (1974). Witness to the Truth. New York: McKay. ISBN 9780679504566. OCLC 979043.
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Nathan"
]
} |
Nathan Shapell (March 7, 1922 β March 11, 2007) was a Polish-born American survivor of The Holocaust, as well as a real estate developer whose Shapell Industries was one of the largest real estate companies in California; he was also a philanthropist.
Early life and education
Nathan Schapelski was born on March 7, 1922, in Poland. He was a teenager during Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland. His mother was deported to the Targowa ghetto. He was deported to the Buchenwald and Auschwitz concentration camps, and managed to escape the latter. After the war, he built housing for homeless Jews in MΓΌnchberg, Germany.
Career
Shapell moved to Los Angeles, California, with his wife in 1952, after reading about it in Life magazine, and they decided to stay. By 1955, together with his brother David and brother-in-law Max Webb, he co-founded Shapell Industries, a real estate development company. He served as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.Shapell developed the MGM ranch in Thousand Oaks, California, the residential community of Kite Hill in Laguna Niguel, California, the East Lake development in Yorba Linda, and Promenade Towers, a 510-unit project in Downtown Los Angeles. In the late 1980s, he developed Porter Ranch, California, adding commercial buildings to the residential community.With Jona Goldrich and Sol B. Kest, Shapell developed some buildings in the Bunker Hill area of Downtown Los Angeles, including Promenade Towers, Grand Promenade and the California Plaza.From 1969 to 1984, Shapell Industries was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange. He built over 65,000 houses in California.
Philanthropy
Shapell served as a past President and Executive Board Member of the Academy of Achievement. He also served on the Little Hoover Commission from 1975 to 1994. He also founded and Co-Chaired Building a Better Los Angeles, which raised US$1 million for homeless people in Los Angeles. In 1980, he was Chairman of California's Task Force on Affordable Housing. In 1987, he became President of Drug Abuse Resistance Education, an anti-drug non-profit organization in the United States. He served on President Ronald Reagan's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control. In 1992, Governor Pete Wilson appointed him to the California Competitiveness Council to help boost the economy. In 1998, Senate President Pro-Tem Bill Lockyer appointed him to a commission to help alleviate California's overcrowding of prisons. He was one of the founders of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and reappointed twice by President Bill Clinton to its governing council.Shapell donated to the Yad Vashem, Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, the University of Santa Clara, the University of Southern California, as well as Tel Aviv University and Bar-Ilan University in Israel. He also supported the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, the D.A.R.E. program, and the Vista Del Mar Child and Family Services. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Santa Clara in 1986 and from Tel Aviv University in 1987. He was a strong supporter of Israel, and he traveled to the frontlines to show his support to the Israel Defense Forces during the Sinai War, the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War.
Personal life
Shapell lived in Beverly Hills, California. He was married to Lilly Schreiber, who died in 1994. She was also an Auschwitz survivor and worked as an interpreter at several of the war crimes trials. They had a daughter, Vera Guerin. She married a gentile, Paul Guerin, over her father's objections. Vera inherited her fatherβs 43 percent stake in Shapell Industries.
Death and legacy
Shapell died on March 11, 2007, and he was buried in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California.In November 2013, Toll Brothers purchased the Shapell Homes housebuilding division of Shapell Industries for $1.6 billion; his daughter Vera's share was $690 million. Vera still retains a 43 percent interest in the remainder of Shapell industries which includes over 10,000 apartments, five shopping centers, and four office buildings worth an additional $1.7 billion.The Nathan Shapell Memorial Highway in Los Angeles, California, is named in his honor, along with a park in Yorba Linda and the football field of Yorba Linda High School.
Bibliography
Shapell, Nathan (1974). Witness to the Truth. New York: McKay. ISBN 9780679504566. OCLC 979043.
== References == | relative | {
"answer_start": [
817
],
"text": [
"Max Webb"
]
} |
Nathan Shapell (March 7, 1922 β March 11, 2007) was a Polish-born American survivor of The Holocaust, as well as a real estate developer whose Shapell Industries was one of the largest real estate companies in California; he was also a philanthropist.
Early life and education
Nathan Schapelski was born on March 7, 1922, in Poland. He was a teenager during Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland. His mother was deported to the Targowa ghetto. He was deported to the Buchenwald and Auschwitz concentration camps, and managed to escape the latter. After the war, he built housing for homeless Jews in MΓΌnchberg, Germany.
Career
Shapell moved to Los Angeles, California, with his wife in 1952, after reading about it in Life magazine, and they decided to stay. By 1955, together with his brother David and brother-in-law Max Webb, he co-founded Shapell Industries, a real estate development company. He served as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.Shapell developed the MGM ranch in Thousand Oaks, California, the residential community of Kite Hill in Laguna Niguel, California, the East Lake development in Yorba Linda, and Promenade Towers, a 510-unit project in Downtown Los Angeles. In the late 1980s, he developed Porter Ranch, California, adding commercial buildings to the residential community.With Jona Goldrich and Sol B. Kest, Shapell developed some buildings in the Bunker Hill area of Downtown Los Angeles, including Promenade Towers, Grand Promenade and the California Plaza.From 1969 to 1984, Shapell Industries was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Stock Exchange. He built over 65,000 houses in California.
Philanthropy
Shapell served as a past President and Executive Board Member of the Academy of Achievement. He also served on the Little Hoover Commission from 1975 to 1994. He also founded and Co-Chaired Building a Better Los Angeles, which raised US$1 million for homeless people in Los Angeles. In 1980, he was Chairman of California's Task Force on Affordable Housing. In 1987, he became President of Drug Abuse Resistance Education, an anti-drug non-profit organization in the United States. He served on President Ronald Reagan's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control. In 1992, Governor Pete Wilson appointed him to the California Competitiveness Council to help boost the economy. In 1998, Senate President Pro-Tem Bill Lockyer appointed him to a commission to help alleviate California's overcrowding of prisons. He was one of the founders of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and reappointed twice by President Bill Clinton to its governing council.Shapell donated to the Yad Vashem, Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, the University of Santa Clara, the University of Southern California, as well as Tel Aviv University and Bar-Ilan University in Israel. He also supported the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, the D.A.R.E. program, and the Vista Del Mar Child and Family Services. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Santa Clara in 1986 and from Tel Aviv University in 1987. He was a strong supporter of Israel, and he traveled to the frontlines to show his support to the Israel Defense Forces during the Sinai War, the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War.
Personal life
Shapell lived in Beverly Hills, California. He was married to Lilly Schreiber, who died in 1994. She was also an Auschwitz survivor and worked as an interpreter at several of the war crimes trials. They had a daughter, Vera Guerin. She married a gentile, Paul Guerin, over her father's objections. Vera inherited her fatherβs 43 percent stake in Shapell Industries.
Death and legacy
Shapell died on March 11, 2007, and he was buried in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California.In November 2013, Toll Brothers purchased the Shapell Homes housebuilding division of Shapell Industries for $1.6 billion; his daughter Vera's share was $690 million. Vera still retains a 43 percent interest in the remainder of Shapell industries which includes over 10,000 apartments, five shopping centers, and four office buildings worth an additional $1.7 billion.The Nathan Shapell Memorial Highway in Los Angeles, California, is named in his honor, along with a park in Yorba Linda and the football field of Yorba Linda High School.
Bibliography
Shapell, Nathan (1974). Witness to the Truth. New York: McKay. ISBN 9780679504566. OCLC 979043.
== References == | place of detention | {
"answer_start": [
479
],
"text": [
"Auschwitz"
]
} |
The Voorhies Castle is a Victorian home located in Voorhies, a small community 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Bement in Piatt County, Illinois.
History
Nels Larson, a Swedish immigrant who at one point controlled all the land in Voorhies, commissioned the house for himself in 1900; construction was completed in 1904. The two-story house was designed to resemble a Swedish palatial manor, and its name comes from its castle-like appearance; while its design resembles Queen Anne architecture, its symmetrical plan distinguishes it from the style. Its unusual appearance made it a local attraction which drew visitors from throughout central Illinois. After his wife Johannah's death in 1914, Larson abandoned his castle, which sat empty until the 1970s.
Architecture
The house's southern corners feature round turrets, each with a conical roof and a finial. While the turrets were originally a story taller than the house to provide views of the surrounding area, Larson later had them lowered for aesthetic reasons. The main entrance to the house, located between the turrets, features a portico with Doric columns and a balustrade along the second-story porch roof. The second story of the house is sided with scalloped wooden shingles, a Queen Anne-inspired element which contrasts with the roof shingles. In addition to the turrets, the roof includes both gabled and hipped sections and dormers, which is typical of Queen Anne works. Decorative iron pieces top the roof's various ridges, and Swedish-styled lightning rods are located in several places.Larson also built a clock tower barn on his property in 1905. The clock tower stood 68 feet (21 m) tall and included a Seth Thomas clockworks, which the company considered "the finest they could make". The tower's brass bell could reportedly be heard up to 5 miles (8.0 km) away. A tornado destroyed the barn in 1976.The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Notes
External links
Voorhies Castle - Owner's site | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"Illinois"
]
} |
The Voorhies Castle is a Victorian home located in Voorhies, a small community 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Bement in Piatt County, Illinois.
History
Nels Larson, a Swedish immigrant who at one point controlled all the land in Voorhies, commissioned the house for himself in 1900; construction was completed in 1904. The two-story house was designed to resemble a Swedish palatial manor, and its name comes from its castle-like appearance; while its design resembles Queen Anne architecture, its symmetrical plan distinguishes it from the style. Its unusual appearance made it a local attraction which drew visitors from throughout central Illinois. After his wife Johannah's death in 1914, Larson abandoned his castle, which sat empty until the 1970s.
Architecture
The house's southern corners feature round turrets, each with a conical roof and a finial. While the turrets were originally a story taller than the house to provide views of the surrounding area, Larson later had them lowered for aesthetic reasons. The main entrance to the house, located between the turrets, features a portico with Doric columns and a balustrade along the second-story porch roof. The second story of the house is sided with scalloped wooden shingles, a Queen Anne-inspired element which contrasts with the roof shingles. In addition to the turrets, the roof includes both gabled and hipped sections and dormers, which is typical of Queen Anne works. Decorative iron pieces top the roof's various ridges, and Swedish-styled lightning rods are located in several places.Larson also built a clock tower barn on his property in 1905. The clock tower stood 68 feet (21 m) tall and included a Seth Thomas clockworks, which the company considered "the finest they could make". The tower's brass bell could reportedly be heard up to 5 miles (8.0 km) away. A tornado destroyed the barn in 1976.The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Notes
External links
Voorhies Castle - Owner's site | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Voorhies Castle"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | place of death | {
"answer_start": [
2181
],
"text": [
"Aachen"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
220
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | award received | {
"answer_start": [
2784
],
"text": [
"Combined Pilots-Observation Badge"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | military branch | {
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"Luftwaffe"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Alfred Druschel"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | conflict | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"World War II"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | family name | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Druschel"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Alfred"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | allegiance | {
"answer_start": [
215
],
"text": [
"Nazi Germany"
]
} |
Alfred Druschel (4 February 1917 β missing in action 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe combat pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
Military career
Alfred Druschel joined the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1936. He trained as pilot, observer and then as Luftflotte staff officer. In August 1938, Druschel was posted to Fliegergruppe 20, which, after combination with Fliegergruppe 40 was renamed II.(Schl)/Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2) on 1 November 1938.
Druschel served with 4.(Schl)/LG 2 during the invasion of Poland and the battle of France, flying the Henschel Hs 123 biplane. During the battle of Britain, he became StaffelkapitΓ€n of 4.(Schl)/LG 2 in September 1940, and, flying the Bf 109E, led the unit on fighter-bomber missions against targets in England and shipping in the Channel.
In April 1941, 4.(Schl)/LG 2 operated over southern Yugoslavia and Greece, and from 21 June 1941 the unit took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union.
When on 13 January 1942 II.(Schl)/LG 2 was renamed to I./Schlachtgeschwader 1 (Schl.G.1), Druschel was promoted to Gruppenkommandeur and in June 1943 to Geschwaderkommodore of Schl.G.1. Hauptmann Druschel was awarded the Oakleaves in September 1942 for 600 combat missions and the Swords in February 1943 for over 800 combat missions. He operated over the Eastern Front until October 1943.
On 18 October 1943 I./Sch.G.1 was disbanded and reformed as II./Schlachtgeschwader 77 (II./SG 77). At this moment Druschel left active flying service and was appointed Inspizient der Tag-SchlachtfliegerverbΓ€nde (supervisor of the day-ground attack air units).
In December 1944 he reentered combat service and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) based in the west.
On 1 January 1945, Druschel participated in Unternehmen Bodenplatte, the attack on the Allied airfields in the Netherlands and Belgium. Accompanied by Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2), SG 4 commanded by Druschel led an attack on St Trond in Belgium. He became separated from his formation following a heavy flak attack and remains missing to this day in the area south of Aachen.
Alfred Druschel was officially credited with seven aerial victories claimed in over 800 combat missions. He mainly flew ground support missions in Henschel Hs 123, Bf 109E and Fw 190 fighter-bombers.
Druschel's brother Kurt, Oberleutnant Leitender Ingenieur (chief engineer) on U-154, was a key witness in the court martial of Oberleutnant zur See Oskar Kusch. Kusch was sentenced to death for Wehrkraftzersetzung (sedition and defeatism). Kurt was killed in the sinking of U-154 on 3 July 1944.
Awards
Wound Badge (1939) in Black
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "800"
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939)
2nd Class (27 September 1939)
1st Class (21 May 1940)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Knight's Cross on 21 August 1941 as Oberleutnant and StaffelkapitΓ€n of the 2.(Schl)/LG 2
118th Oak Leaves on 3 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
24th Swords on 19 February 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I./Schl.G.1
See also
List of people who disappeared
Notes
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"German"
]
} |
Zanda County (Chinese: ζθΎΎεΏ; pinyin: ZhΓ‘dΓ‘ XiΓ n) or Tsamda County (Tibetan: ΰ½’ΰΎ©ΰΌΰ½ΰ½ΰ½ ΰΌΰ½’ΰΎ«ΰ½Όΰ½, Wylie: rtsa mda' rdzong, THL: tsa da dzong) is a county in the Ngari Prefecture to the extreme west of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Its seat of power is at Tholing, the former capital of the Guge kingdom.
Zanda or Tsamda is said to mean βa place where there is grass downstreamβ, an allusion to the grassy river bed of the Sutlej river that flows through the county. Ancient Zanda horse (Hipparion zandaense) skeletons have been found in Zanda County's Sutlej basin.Zanda County is bounded by India's Himachal Pradesh state to the west, Uttarakhand State to the south, Ladakh to the northwest, Gar County to the northeast and Burang County to the southeast.
See also
Tsaparang
Chepzi
References
Further reading
Swenson, Karen (19 March 2000). "Echoes of a Fallen Kingdom". New York Times. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
External links
Sutlej river flowing through the Zanda County, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 20 July 2021. | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"Ngari Prefecture"
]
} |
Zanda County (Chinese: ζθΎΎεΏ; pinyin: ZhΓ‘dΓ‘ XiΓ n) or Tsamda County (Tibetan: ΰ½’ΰΎ©ΰΌΰ½ΰ½ΰ½ ΰΌΰ½’ΰΎ«ΰ½Όΰ½, Wylie: rtsa mda' rdzong, THL: tsa da dzong) is a county in the Ngari Prefecture to the extreme west of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Its seat of power is at Tholing, the former capital of the Guge kingdom.
Zanda or Tsamda is said to mean βa place where there is grass downstreamβ, an allusion to the grassy river bed of the Sutlej river that flows through the county. Ancient Zanda horse (Hipparion zandaense) skeletons have been found in Zanda County's Sutlej basin.Zanda County is bounded by India's Himachal Pradesh state to the west, Uttarakhand State to the south, Ladakh to the northwest, Gar County to the northeast and Burang County to the southeast.
See also
Tsaparang
Chepzi
References
Further reading
Swenson, Karen (19 March 2000). "Echoes of a Fallen Kingdom". New York Times. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
External links
Sutlej river flowing through the Zanda County, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 20 July 2021. | contains the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"Tholing"
]
} |
Zanda County (Chinese: ζθΎΎεΏ; pinyin: ZhΓ‘dΓ‘ XiΓ n) or Tsamda County (Tibetan: ΰ½’ΰΎ©ΰΌΰ½ΰ½ΰ½ ΰΌΰ½’ΰΎ«ΰ½Όΰ½, Wylie: rtsa mda' rdzong, THL: tsa da dzong) is a county in the Ngari Prefecture to the extreme west of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Its seat of power is at Tholing, the former capital of the Guge kingdom.
Zanda or Tsamda is said to mean βa place where there is grass downstreamβ, an allusion to the grassy river bed of the Sutlej river that flows through the county. Ancient Zanda horse (Hipparion zandaense) skeletons have been found in Zanda County's Sutlej basin.Zanda County is bounded by India's Himachal Pradesh state to the west, Uttarakhand State to the south, Ladakh to the northwest, Gar County to the northeast and Burang County to the southeast.
See also
Tsaparang
Chepzi
References
Further reading
Swenson, Karen (19 March 2000). "Echoes of a Fallen Kingdom". New York Times. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
External links
Sutlej river flowing through the Zanda County, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 20 July 2021. | official name | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"ζθΎΎεΏ"
]
} |
Zanda County (Chinese: ζθΎΎεΏ; pinyin: ZhΓ‘dΓ‘ XiΓ n) or Tsamda County (Tibetan: ΰ½’ΰΎ©ΰΌΰ½ΰ½ΰ½ ΰΌΰ½’ΰΎ«ΰ½Όΰ½, Wylie: rtsa mda' rdzong, THL: tsa da dzong) is a county in the Ngari Prefecture to the extreme west of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Its seat of power is at Tholing, the former capital of the Guge kingdom.
Zanda or Tsamda is said to mean βa place where there is grass downstreamβ, an allusion to the grassy river bed of the Sutlej river that flows through the county. Ancient Zanda horse (Hipparion zandaense) skeletons have been found in Zanda County's Sutlej basin.Zanda County is bounded by India's Himachal Pradesh state to the west, Uttarakhand State to the south, Ladakh to the northwest, Gar County to the northeast and Burang County to the southeast.
See also
Tsaparang
Chepzi
References
Further reading
Swenson, Karen (19 March 2000). "Echoes of a Fallen Kingdom". New York Times. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
External links
Sutlej river flowing through the Zanda County, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 20 July 2021. | native label | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"ΰ½’ΰΎ©ΰΌΰ½ΰ½ΰ½ ΰΌΰ½’ΰΎ«ΰ½Όΰ½"
]
} |
The New Ross Standard is a local newspaper published once per week (every Tuesday) in County Wexford, Ireland.
It is published in colour.
The newspaper was first published in the late-19th century (c.β1889). In recent years, it has also been made available as an ePaper which can be accessed digitally.It contains stories relating primarily to New Ross town and its surrounding area, as well as stories relating to County Wexford and to a lesser extent County Kilkenny. The topics covered are wide-ranging. It also contains many photographs, which are published in colour. It has Advertisements and Sports sections. It also publishes Court reports. It is the best selling regional newspaper in the New Ross area.Currently, it is a member of the Independent Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers Industry.
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"newspaper"
]
} |
The New Ross Standard is a local newspaper published once per week (every Tuesday) in County Wexford, Ireland.
It is published in colour.
The newspaper was first published in the late-19th century (c.β1889). In recent years, it has also been made available as an ePaper which can be accessed digitally.It contains stories relating primarily to New Ross town and its surrounding area, as well as stories relating to County Wexford and to a lesser extent County Kilkenny. The topics covered are wide-ranging. It also contains many photographs, which are published in colour. It has Advertisements and Sports sections. It also publishes Court reports. It is the best selling regional newspaper in the New Ross area.Currently, it is a member of the Independent Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers Industry.
== References == | headquarters location | {
"answer_start": [
86
],
"text": [
"County Wexford"
]
} |
John W. Sadler (born July 30, 1956) is an American horse trainer in the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing. Heβs got over 2,600 race wins, including the 2018 Breeders' Cup Classic with Accelerate, who was subsequently named American Horse of the Year. He has won multiple training titles at Santa Anita Park, Del Mar and the now defunct Hollywood Park. Sadler trained Flightline, the winner of the 2022 Breeders' Cup Classic.
Background
Sadler was born on July 30, 1956 in Long Beach, California. He attended the University of Oregon before returning to Southern California to work as a veterinary assistant. He took out his trainer's license in 1978. He currently resides in Pasadena.
Racing career
Sadler got his first win in 1979 at Golden Gate Fields racetrack in the San Francisco Bay Area. His first graded stakes win came in 1982 when Don Roberto won the Rolling Green Handicap. His first Grade I winner was Victory Encounter, who took the 2004 Vanity Handicap.In April 1991, Sadler won Santa Anita's first-ever match race when his trainee Valiant Pete took on champion American Quarter Horse Griswold in a $100,000 winner-take-all race. Racing at the unusual distance of four furlongs (short for a Thoroughbred, long for a Quarter Horse), Valiant Pete set a world record of 0:442β5.At Hollywood Park on June 28, 2008, Sadler won three stakes races when Whatsthescript won the Grade 2 American Handicap, Dearest Trickski triumphed in the Grade 2 A Gleam Handicap and Emmy Darling took the Landaluce Stakes. On December 26, 2010, he repeated this performance at Santa Anita, when Twirling Candy won the Grade I Malibu Stakes, Switch won the Grade I La Brea Stakes and Sidney's Candy won the Grade II Sir Beaufort Stakes. Sadler won three stakes races for the third time at Hollywood Park on July 17, 2012 when Scherer Magic won the Grade 3 Hollywood Juvenile Championship, Switch in the Grade 2 A Gleam Handicap and Lady of Shamrock in the Grade 1 Hollywood Oaks.
In 2011, Sadler surpassed $70 million earned in purses. His career purse earnings reached $100 million in 2015.
In November 2012, Sadler won his 2,000th race when Rooster City won a claiming race at Betfair Hollywood Park.Sadler has won multiple training titles at Hollywood Park, Santa Anita and Del Mar.Sadler was winless at the Breeders' Cup until 2018, although he did finish second in the 2015 Distaff with Stellar Wind, second in the 2010 Filly & Mare Sprint with Switch and third in the 2016 Dirt Mile, 2014 Distaff, 2014 Juvenile Turf, 2012 Filly and Mare Sprint, 2009 Sprint and 2008 Mile. He finally broke through by winning the Classic with Accelerate, who earned American Champion Older Dirt Male Horse honors.Other top thoroughbreds for Sadler include Alpha Kitten, Appealing Missy, Belmont Cat, Black Mamba, Cost of Freedom, Dawn After Dawn, Dearest Trickski, Evita Argentina, Frost Free, Geronimo, Get Funky, Hasty Kris, Healthy Addiction, Lady of Shamrock, Musique Toujours, Noble Court, Oil Man, Olympic Prospect, Tasha's Miracle, Taste of Paradise, Three Peat, Tizbud, Track Gal, Victory Encounter and Zappa.
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
474
],
"text": [
"Long Beach"
]
} |
John W. Sadler (born July 30, 1956) is an American horse trainer in the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing. Heβs got over 2,600 race wins, including the 2018 Breeders' Cup Classic with Accelerate, who was subsequently named American Horse of the Year. He has won multiple training titles at Santa Anita Park, Del Mar and the now defunct Hollywood Park. Sadler trained Flightline, the winner of the 2022 Breeders' Cup Classic.
Background
Sadler was born on July 30, 1956 in Long Beach, California. He attended the University of Oregon before returning to Southern California to work as a veterinary assistant. He took out his trainer's license in 1978. He currently resides in Pasadena.
Racing career
Sadler got his first win in 1979 at Golden Gate Fields racetrack in the San Francisco Bay Area. His first graded stakes win came in 1982 when Don Roberto won the Rolling Green Handicap. His first Grade I winner was Victory Encounter, who took the 2004 Vanity Handicap.In April 1991, Sadler won Santa Anita's first-ever match race when his trainee Valiant Pete took on champion American Quarter Horse Griswold in a $100,000 winner-take-all race. Racing at the unusual distance of four furlongs (short for a Thoroughbred, long for a Quarter Horse), Valiant Pete set a world record of 0:442β5.At Hollywood Park on June 28, 2008, Sadler won three stakes races when Whatsthescript won the Grade 2 American Handicap, Dearest Trickski triumphed in the Grade 2 A Gleam Handicap and Emmy Darling took the Landaluce Stakes. On December 26, 2010, he repeated this performance at Santa Anita, when Twirling Candy won the Grade I Malibu Stakes, Switch won the Grade I La Brea Stakes and Sidney's Candy won the Grade II Sir Beaufort Stakes. Sadler won three stakes races for the third time at Hollywood Park on July 17, 2012 when Scherer Magic won the Grade 3 Hollywood Juvenile Championship, Switch in the Grade 2 A Gleam Handicap and Lady of Shamrock in the Grade 1 Hollywood Oaks.
In 2011, Sadler surpassed $70 million earned in purses. His career purse earnings reached $100 million in 2015.
In November 2012, Sadler won his 2,000th race when Rooster City won a claiming race at Betfair Hollywood Park.Sadler has won multiple training titles at Hollywood Park, Santa Anita and Del Mar.Sadler was winless at the Breeders' Cup until 2018, although he did finish second in the 2015 Distaff with Stellar Wind, second in the 2010 Filly & Mare Sprint with Switch and third in the 2016 Dirt Mile, 2014 Distaff, 2014 Juvenile Turf, 2012 Filly and Mare Sprint, 2009 Sprint and 2008 Mile. He finally broke through by winning the Classic with Accelerate, who earned American Champion Older Dirt Male Horse honors.Other top thoroughbreds for Sadler include Alpha Kitten, Appealing Missy, Belmont Cat, Black Mamba, Cost of Freedom, Dawn After Dawn, Dearest Trickski, Evita Argentina, Frost Free, Geronimo, Get Funky, Hasty Kris, Healthy Addiction, Lady of Shamrock, Musique Toujours, Noble Court, Oil Man, Olympic Prospect, Tasha's Miracle, Taste of Paradise, Three Peat, Tizbud, Track Gal, Victory Encounter and Zappa.
== References == | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"horse trainer"
]
} |
John W. Sadler (born July 30, 1956) is an American horse trainer in the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing. Heβs got over 2,600 race wins, including the 2018 Breeders' Cup Classic with Accelerate, who was subsequently named American Horse of the Year. He has won multiple training titles at Santa Anita Park, Del Mar and the now defunct Hollywood Park. Sadler trained Flightline, the winner of the 2022 Breeders' Cup Classic.
Background
Sadler was born on July 30, 1956 in Long Beach, California. He attended the University of Oregon before returning to Southern California to work as a veterinary assistant. He took out his trainer's license in 1978. He currently resides in Pasadena.
Racing career
Sadler got his first win in 1979 at Golden Gate Fields racetrack in the San Francisco Bay Area. His first graded stakes win came in 1982 when Don Roberto won the Rolling Green Handicap. His first Grade I winner was Victory Encounter, who took the 2004 Vanity Handicap.In April 1991, Sadler won Santa Anita's first-ever match race when his trainee Valiant Pete took on champion American Quarter Horse Griswold in a $100,000 winner-take-all race. Racing at the unusual distance of four furlongs (short for a Thoroughbred, long for a Quarter Horse), Valiant Pete set a world record of 0:442β5.At Hollywood Park on June 28, 2008, Sadler won three stakes races when Whatsthescript won the Grade 2 American Handicap, Dearest Trickski triumphed in the Grade 2 A Gleam Handicap and Emmy Darling took the Landaluce Stakes. On December 26, 2010, he repeated this performance at Santa Anita, when Twirling Candy won the Grade I Malibu Stakes, Switch won the Grade I La Brea Stakes and Sidney's Candy won the Grade II Sir Beaufort Stakes. Sadler won three stakes races for the third time at Hollywood Park on July 17, 2012 when Scherer Magic won the Grade 3 Hollywood Juvenile Championship, Switch in the Grade 2 A Gleam Handicap and Lady of Shamrock in the Grade 1 Hollywood Oaks.
In 2011, Sadler surpassed $70 million earned in purses. His career purse earnings reached $100 million in 2015.
In November 2012, Sadler won his 2,000th race when Rooster City won a claiming race at Betfair Hollywood Park.Sadler has won multiple training titles at Hollywood Park, Santa Anita and Del Mar.Sadler was winless at the Breeders' Cup until 2018, although he did finish second in the 2015 Distaff with Stellar Wind, second in the 2010 Filly & Mare Sprint with Switch and third in the 2016 Dirt Mile, 2014 Distaff, 2014 Juvenile Turf, 2012 Filly and Mare Sprint, 2009 Sprint and 2008 Mile. He finally broke through by winning the Classic with Accelerate, who earned American Champion Older Dirt Male Horse honors.Other top thoroughbreds for Sadler include Alpha Kitten, Appealing Missy, Belmont Cat, Black Mamba, Cost of Freedom, Dawn After Dawn, Dearest Trickski, Evita Argentina, Frost Free, Geronimo, Get Funky, Hasty Kris, Healthy Addiction, Lady of Shamrock, Musique Toujours, Noble Court, Oil Man, Olympic Prospect, Tasha's Miracle, Taste of Paradise, Three Peat, Tizbud, Track Gal, Victory Encounter and Zappa.
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Sadler"
]
} |
John W. Sadler (born July 30, 1956) is an American horse trainer in the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing. Heβs got over 2,600 race wins, including the 2018 Breeders' Cup Classic with Accelerate, who was subsequently named American Horse of the Year. He has won multiple training titles at Santa Anita Park, Del Mar and the now defunct Hollywood Park. Sadler trained Flightline, the winner of the 2022 Breeders' Cup Classic.
Background
Sadler was born on July 30, 1956 in Long Beach, California. He attended the University of Oregon before returning to Southern California to work as a veterinary assistant. He took out his trainer's license in 1978. He currently resides in Pasadena.
Racing career
Sadler got his first win in 1979 at Golden Gate Fields racetrack in the San Francisco Bay Area. His first graded stakes win came in 1982 when Don Roberto won the Rolling Green Handicap. His first Grade I winner was Victory Encounter, who took the 2004 Vanity Handicap.In April 1991, Sadler won Santa Anita's first-ever match race when his trainee Valiant Pete took on champion American Quarter Horse Griswold in a $100,000 winner-take-all race. Racing at the unusual distance of four furlongs (short for a Thoroughbred, long for a Quarter Horse), Valiant Pete set a world record of 0:442β5.At Hollywood Park on June 28, 2008, Sadler won three stakes races when Whatsthescript won the Grade 2 American Handicap, Dearest Trickski triumphed in the Grade 2 A Gleam Handicap and Emmy Darling took the Landaluce Stakes. On December 26, 2010, he repeated this performance at Santa Anita, when Twirling Candy won the Grade I Malibu Stakes, Switch won the Grade I La Brea Stakes and Sidney's Candy won the Grade II Sir Beaufort Stakes. Sadler won three stakes races for the third time at Hollywood Park on July 17, 2012 when Scherer Magic won the Grade 3 Hollywood Juvenile Championship, Switch in the Grade 2 A Gleam Handicap and Lady of Shamrock in the Grade 1 Hollywood Oaks.
In 2011, Sadler surpassed $70 million earned in purses. His career purse earnings reached $100 million in 2015.
In November 2012, Sadler won his 2,000th race when Rooster City won a claiming race at Betfair Hollywood Park.Sadler has won multiple training titles at Hollywood Park, Santa Anita and Del Mar.Sadler was winless at the Breeders' Cup until 2018, although he did finish second in the 2015 Distaff with Stellar Wind, second in the 2010 Filly & Mare Sprint with Switch and third in the 2016 Dirt Mile, 2014 Distaff, 2014 Juvenile Turf, 2012 Filly and Mare Sprint, 2009 Sprint and 2008 Mile. He finally broke through by winning the Classic with Accelerate, who earned American Champion Older Dirt Male Horse honors.Other top thoroughbreds for Sadler include Alpha Kitten, Appealing Missy, Belmont Cat, Black Mamba, Cost of Freedom, Dawn After Dawn, Dearest Trickski, Evita Argentina, Frost Free, Geronimo, Get Funky, Hasty Kris, Healthy Addiction, Lady of Shamrock, Musique Toujours, Noble Court, Oil Man, Olympic Prospect, Tasha's Miracle, Taste of Paradise, Three Peat, Tizbud, Track Gal, Victory Encounter and Zappa.
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"John"
]
} |
Schreyer is a surname of German origin which may refer to:
A. M. Schreyer - American daredevil cyclist and athlete
Adolf Schreyer - German painter
Cindy Schreyer - American golfer
Dirk Schreyer - German rower
Edward Schreyer - Canadian politician
Frank-Olaf Schreyer - German mathematician
Fred Schreyer - American bowling official
Helmut Schreyer - German inventor
Lily Schreyer - Canadian Viceregal Consort
Lothar Schreyer - German artist
Lynn Schreyer - American mathematician
Michaele Schreyer - German European Commissioner
Peter Schreyer - German auto designer
Wolfgang Schreyer - German writer
See also
Schreier
Shrayer
Shroyer | different from | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Schreyer"
]
} |
Schreyer is a surname of German origin which may refer to:
A. M. Schreyer - American daredevil cyclist and athlete
Adolf Schreyer - German painter
Cindy Schreyer - American golfer
Dirk Schreyer - German rower
Edward Schreyer - Canadian politician
Frank-Olaf Schreyer - German mathematician
Fred Schreyer - American bowling official
Helmut Schreyer - German inventor
Lily Schreyer - Canadian Viceregal Consort
Lothar Schreyer - German artist
Lynn Schreyer - American mathematician
Michaele Schreyer - German European Commissioner
Peter Schreyer - German auto designer
Wolfgang Schreyer - German writer
See also
Schreier
Shrayer
Shroyer | language of work or name | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"German"
]
} |
Schreyer is a surname of German origin which may refer to:
A. M. Schreyer - American daredevil cyclist and athlete
Adolf Schreyer - German painter
Cindy Schreyer - American golfer
Dirk Schreyer - German rower
Edward Schreyer - Canadian politician
Frank-Olaf Schreyer - German mathematician
Fred Schreyer - American bowling official
Helmut Schreyer - German inventor
Lily Schreyer - Canadian Viceregal Consort
Lothar Schreyer - German artist
Lynn Schreyer - American mathematician
Michaele Schreyer - German European Commissioner
Peter Schreyer - German auto designer
Wolfgang Schreyer - German writer
See also
Schreier
Shrayer
Shroyer | native label | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Schreyer"
]
} |
The FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU, English: International University Sports Federation) is responsible for the organization and governance of worldwide sports competitions for student-athletes between the ages of 17 and 25. It was founded in 1949 as the world governing body of national university sports organizations and currently has 174 member associations (National University Sport Federations) from five continents. Between 1949 and 2011, it was based in Brussels (Belgium); it was relocated to Lausanne (Switzerland) since 2011.
The FISU stages its events every two years. They currently include two Universiades (summer and winter) and 34 World University Championships. It also organizes conferences, forums and seminars to promote sport as a component of the educational system. FISU sanctions other competitions open to university students, such as the biennial World University Bridge Championships in contract bridge, "played under the auspices of the FISU".In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FISU banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and national university sports federation officials from participating in FISU competitions and activities until at least the end of 2022, cancelled two FISU University World Cups in Russia and a FISU World University Championships in Belarus scheduled for 2022 (the FISU University World Cup Powerlifting from Moscow, the FISU University World Cup Rugby Sevens from Kazan, and the FISU World University Championship Waterski & Wakeboard from Belarus), and cancelled Russia's hosting of the FISU University World Cup Combat Sports and associated meetings scheduled for 2022. The FISU also suspended the hosting rights and postponed the 2023 Summer World University Games, to be held in Yekaterinburg.
Organization
A General Assembly elects an executive committee for a four-year term. Oleg Matytsin was elected president for 2015β2019, succeeding Claude-Louis Gallien. The secretary-general and CEO is Eric Saintrond; vice-presidents are Leonz Eder, Luciano Cabral, Marian Dymalski, Leopold Senghor and Liguo Yang.Past presidents include:
1949β1961: Paul Schleimer
1961β1999: Primo Nebiolo (ITA)
1999β2011: George E. Killian (USA)
2011β2015: ClaudeβLouis Gallien (FRA)
Events and sports
Universiade
The FISU World University Games, formerly and commonly referred to as the Universiade, is an international sporting event staged every two years in a different city. There were 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011, and 174 participating countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.The Summer Universiade includes 12 compulsory sports (15 compulsory disciplines):
The Winter Universiade includes eight compulsory sports and one to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
One to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
World University Championships
While the Universiades are held in odd years, the FISU World University Championships are held in even years. It includes individual/team sports, indoor/outdoor sports, combat sports, mind sports and summer/winter sports.
See also
FISU World University Games
Maison du Sport International
International Olympic Committee
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
Lausanne campus
International School Sport Federation
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
537
],
"text": [
"Switzerland"
]
} |
The FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU, English: International University Sports Federation) is responsible for the organization and governance of worldwide sports competitions for student-athletes between the ages of 17 and 25. It was founded in 1949 as the world governing body of national university sports organizations and currently has 174 member associations (National University Sport Federations) from five continents. Between 1949 and 2011, it was based in Brussels (Belgium); it was relocated to Lausanne (Switzerland) since 2011.
The FISU stages its events every two years. They currently include two Universiades (summer and winter) and 34 World University Championships. It also organizes conferences, forums and seminars to promote sport as a component of the educational system. FISU sanctions other competitions open to university students, such as the biennial World University Bridge Championships in contract bridge, "played under the auspices of the FISU".In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FISU banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and national university sports federation officials from participating in FISU competitions and activities until at least the end of 2022, cancelled two FISU University World Cups in Russia and a FISU World University Championships in Belarus scheduled for 2022 (the FISU University World Cup Powerlifting from Moscow, the FISU University World Cup Rugby Sevens from Kazan, and the FISU World University Championship Waterski & Wakeboard from Belarus), and cancelled Russia's hosting of the FISU University World Cup Combat Sports and associated meetings scheduled for 2022. The FISU also suspended the hosting rights and postponed the 2023 Summer World University Games, to be held in Yekaterinburg.
Organization
A General Assembly elects an executive committee for a four-year term. Oleg Matytsin was elected president for 2015β2019, succeeding Claude-Louis Gallien. The secretary-general and CEO is Eric Saintrond; vice-presidents are Leonz Eder, Luciano Cabral, Marian Dymalski, Leopold Senghor and Liguo Yang.Past presidents include:
1949β1961: Paul Schleimer
1961β1999: Primo Nebiolo (ITA)
1999β2011: George E. Killian (USA)
2011β2015: ClaudeβLouis Gallien (FRA)
Events and sports
Universiade
The FISU World University Games, formerly and commonly referred to as the Universiade, is an international sporting event staged every two years in a different city. There were 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011, and 174 participating countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.The Summer Universiade includes 12 compulsory sports (15 compulsory disciplines):
The Winter Universiade includes eight compulsory sports and one to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
One to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
World University Championships
While the Universiades are held in odd years, the FISU World University Championships are held in even years. It includes individual/team sports, indoor/outdoor sports, combat sports, mind sports and summer/winter sports.
See also
FISU World University Games
Maison du Sport International
International Olympic Committee
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
Lausanne campus
International School Sport Federation
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"organization"
]
} |
The FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU, English: International University Sports Federation) is responsible for the organization and governance of worldwide sports competitions for student-athletes between the ages of 17 and 25. It was founded in 1949 as the world governing body of national university sports organizations and currently has 174 member associations (National University Sport Federations) from five continents. Between 1949 and 2011, it was based in Brussels (Belgium); it was relocated to Lausanne (Switzerland) since 2011.
The FISU stages its events every two years. They currently include two Universiades (summer and winter) and 34 World University Championships. It also organizes conferences, forums and seminars to promote sport as a component of the educational system. FISU sanctions other competitions open to university students, such as the biennial World University Bridge Championships in contract bridge, "played under the auspices of the FISU".In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FISU banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and national university sports federation officials from participating in FISU competitions and activities until at least the end of 2022, cancelled two FISU University World Cups in Russia and a FISU World University Championships in Belarus scheduled for 2022 (the FISU University World Cup Powerlifting from Moscow, the FISU University World Cup Rugby Sevens from Kazan, and the FISU World University Championship Waterski & Wakeboard from Belarus), and cancelled Russia's hosting of the FISU University World Cup Combat Sports and associated meetings scheduled for 2022. The FISU also suspended the hosting rights and postponed the 2023 Summer World University Games, to be held in Yekaterinburg.
Organization
A General Assembly elects an executive committee for a four-year term. Oleg Matytsin was elected president for 2015β2019, succeeding Claude-Louis Gallien. The secretary-general and CEO is Eric Saintrond; vice-presidents are Leonz Eder, Luciano Cabral, Marian Dymalski, Leopold Senghor and Liguo Yang.Past presidents include:
1949β1961: Paul Schleimer
1961β1999: Primo Nebiolo (ITA)
1999β2011: George E. Killian (USA)
2011β2015: ClaudeβLouis Gallien (FRA)
Events and sports
Universiade
The FISU World University Games, formerly and commonly referred to as the Universiade, is an international sporting event staged every two years in a different city. There were 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011, and 174 participating countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.The Summer Universiade includes 12 compulsory sports (15 compulsory disciplines):
The Winter Universiade includes eight compulsory sports and one to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
One to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
World University Championships
While the Universiades are held in odd years, the FISU World University Championships are held in even years. It includes individual/team sports, indoor/outdoor sports, combat sports, mind sports and summer/winter sports.
See also
FISU World University Games
Maison du Sport International
International Olympic Committee
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
Lausanne campus
International School Sport Federation
== References == | headquarters location | {
"answer_start": [
527
],
"text": [
"Lausanne"
]
} |
The FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU, English: International University Sports Federation) is responsible for the organization and governance of worldwide sports competitions for student-athletes between the ages of 17 and 25. It was founded in 1949 as the world governing body of national university sports organizations and currently has 174 member associations (National University Sport Federations) from five continents. Between 1949 and 2011, it was based in Brussels (Belgium); it was relocated to Lausanne (Switzerland) since 2011.
The FISU stages its events every two years. They currently include two Universiades (summer and winter) and 34 World University Championships. It also organizes conferences, forums and seminars to promote sport as a component of the educational system. FISU sanctions other competitions open to university students, such as the biennial World University Bridge Championships in contract bridge, "played under the auspices of the FISU".In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FISU banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and national university sports federation officials from participating in FISU competitions and activities until at least the end of 2022, cancelled two FISU University World Cups in Russia and a FISU World University Championships in Belarus scheduled for 2022 (the FISU University World Cup Powerlifting from Moscow, the FISU University World Cup Rugby Sevens from Kazan, and the FISU World University Championship Waterski & Wakeboard from Belarus), and cancelled Russia's hosting of the FISU University World Cup Combat Sports and associated meetings scheduled for 2022. The FISU also suspended the hosting rights and postponed the 2023 Summer World University Games, to be held in Yekaterinburg.
Organization
A General Assembly elects an executive committee for a four-year term. Oleg Matytsin was elected president for 2015β2019, succeeding Claude-Louis Gallien. The secretary-general and CEO is Eric Saintrond; vice-presidents are Leonz Eder, Luciano Cabral, Marian Dymalski, Leopold Senghor and Liguo Yang.Past presidents include:
1949β1961: Paul Schleimer
1961β1999: Primo Nebiolo (ITA)
1999β2011: George E. Killian (USA)
2011β2015: ClaudeβLouis Gallien (FRA)
Events and sports
Universiade
The FISU World University Games, formerly and commonly referred to as the Universiade, is an international sporting event staged every two years in a different city. There were 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011, and 174 participating countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.The Summer Universiade includes 12 compulsory sports (15 compulsory disciplines):
The Winter Universiade includes eight compulsory sports and one to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
One to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
World University Championships
While the Universiades are held in odd years, the FISU World University Championships are held in even years. It includes individual/team sports, indoor/outdoor sports, combat sports, mind sports and summer/winter sports.
See also
FISU World University Games
Maison du Sport International
International Olympic Committee
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
Lausanne campus
International School Sport Federation
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"International University Sports Federation"
]
} |
The FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU, English: International University Sports Federation) is responsible for the organization and governance of worldwide sports competitions for student-athletes between the ages of 17 and 25. It was founded in 1949 as the world governing body of national university sports organizations and currently has 174 member associations (National University Sport Federations) from five continents. Between 1949 and 2011, it was based in Brussels (Belgium); it was relocated to Lausanne (Switzerland) since 2011.
The FISU stages its events every two years. They currently include two Universiades (summer and winter) and 34 World University Championships. It also organizes conferences, forums and seminars to promote sport as a component of the educational system. FISU sanctions other competitions open to university students, such as the biennial World University Bridge Championships in contract bridge, "played under the auspices of the FISU".In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FISU banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and national university sports federation officials from participating in FISU competitions and activities until at least the end of 2022, cancelled two FISU University World Cups in Russia and a FISU World University Championships in Belarus scheduled for 2022 (the FISU University World Cup Powerlifting from Moscow, the FISU University World Cup Rugby Sevens from Kazan, and the FISU World University Championship Waterski & Wakeboard from Belarus), and cancelled Russia's hosting of the FISU University World Cup Combat Sports and associated meetings scheduled for 2022. The FISU also suspended the hosting rights and postponed the 2023 Summer World University Games, to be held in Yekaterinburg.
Organization
A General Assembly elects an executive committee for a four-year term. Oleg Matytsin was elected president for 2015β2019, succeeding Claude-Louis Gallien. The secretary-general and CEO is Eric Saintrond; vice-presidents are Leonz Eder, Luciano Cabral, Marian Dymalski, Leopold Senghor and Liguo Yang.Past presidents include:
1949β1961: Paul Schleimer
1961β1999: Primo Nebiolo (ITA)
1999β2011: George E. Killian (USA)
2011β2015: ClaudeβLouis Gallien (FRA)
Events and sports
Universiade
The FISU World University Games, formerly and commonly referred to as the Universiade, is an international sporting event staged every two years in a different city. There were 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011, and 174 participating countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.The Summer Universiade includes 12 compulsory sports (15 compulsory disciplines):
The Winter Universiade includes eight compulsory sports and one to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
One to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
World University Championships
While the Universiades are held in odd years, the FISU World University Championships are held in even years. It includes individual/team sports, indoor/outdoor sports, combat sports, mind sports and summer/winter sports.
See also
FISU World University Games
Maison du Sport International
International Olympic Committee
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
Lausanne campus
International School Sport Federation
== References == | has effect | {
"answer_start": [
633
],
"text": [
"Universiade"
]
} |
The FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU, English: International University Sports Federation) is responsible for the organization and governance of worldwide sports competitions for student-athletes between the ages of 17 and 25. It was founded in 1949 as the world governing body of national university sports organizations and currently has 174 member associations (National University Sport Federations) from five continents. Between 1949 and 2011, it was based in Brussels (Belgium); it was relocated to Lausanne (Switzerland) since 2011.
The FISU stages its events every two years. They currently include two Universiades (summer and winter) and 34 World University Championships. It also organizes conferences, forums and seminars to promote sport as a component of the educational system. FISU sanctions other competitions open to university students, such as the biennial World University Bridge Championships in contract bridge, "played under the auspices of the FISU".In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FISU banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and national university sports federation officials from participating in FISU competitions and activities until at least the end of 2022, cancelled two FISU University World Cups in Russia and a FISU World University Championships in Belarus scheduled for 2022 (the FISU University World Cup Powerlifting from Moscow, the FISU University World Cup Rugby Sevens from Kazan, and the FISU World University Championship Waterski & Wakeboard from Belarus), and cancelled Russia's hosting of the FISU University World Cup Combat Sports and associated meetings scheduled for 2022. The FISU also suspended the hosting rights and postponed the 2023 Summer World University Games, to be held in Yekaterinburg.
Organization
A General Assembly elects an executive committee for a four-year term. Oleg Matytsin was elected president for 2015β2019, succeeding Claude-Louis Gallien. The secretary-general and CEO is Eric Saintrond; vice-presidents are Leonz Eder, Luciano Cabral, Marian Dymalski, Leopold Senghor and Liguo Yang.Past presidents include:
1949β1961: Paul Schleimer
1961β1999: Primo Nebiolo (ITA)
1999β2011: George E. Killian (USA)
2011β2015: ClaudeβLouis Gallien (FRA)
Events and sports
Universiade
The FISU World University Games, formerly and commonly referred to as the Universiade, is an international sporting event staged every two years in a different city. There were 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011, and 174 participating countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.The Summer Universiade includes 12 compulsory sports (15 compulsory disciplines):
The Winter Universiade includes eight compulsory sports and one to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
One to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
World University Championships
While the Universiades are held in odd years, the FISU World University Championships are held in even years. It includes individual/team sports, indoor/outdoor sports, combat sports, mind sports and summer/winter sports.
See also
FISU World University Games
Maison du Sport International
International Olympic Committee
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
Lausanne campus
International School Sport Federation
== References == | Twitter username | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"FISU"
]
} |
The FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU, English: International University Sports Federation) is responsible for the organization and governance of worldwide sports competitions for student-athletes between the ages of 17 and 25. It was founded in 1949 as the world governing body of national university sports organizations and currently has 174 member associations (National University Sport Federations) from five continents. Between 1949 and 2011, it was based in Brussels (Belgium); it was relocated to Lausanne (Switzerland) since 2011.
The FISU stages its events every two years. They currently include two Universiades (summer and winter) and 34 World University Championships. It also organizes conferences, forums and seminars to promote sport as a component of the educational system. FISU sanctions other competitions open to university students, such as the biennial World University Bridge Championships in contract bridge, "played under the auspices of the FISU".In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FISU banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and national university sports federation officials from participating in FISU competitions and activities until at least the end of 2022, cancelled two FISU University World Cups in Russia and a FISU World University Championships in Belarus scheduled for 2022 (the FISU University World Cup Powerlifting from Moscow, the FISU University World Cup Rugby Sevens from Kazan, and the FISU World University Championship Waterski & Wakeboard from Belarus), and cancelled Russia's hosting of the FISU University World Cup Combat Sports and associated meetings scheduled for 2022. The FISU also suspended the hosting rights and postponed the 2023 Summer World University Games, to be held in Yekaterinburg.
Organization
A General Assembly elects an executive committee for a four-year term. Oleg Matytsin was elected president for 2015β2019, succeeding Claude-Louis Gallien. The secretary-general and CEO is Eric Saintrond; vice-presidents are Leonz Eder, Luciano Cabral, Marian Dymalski, Leopold Senghor and Liguo Yang.Past presidents include:
1949β1961: Paul Schleimer
1961β1999: Primo Nebiolo (ITA)
1999β2011: George E. Killian (USA)
2011β2015: ClaudeβLouis Gallien (FRA)
Events and sports
Universiade
The FISU World University Games, formerly and commonly referred to as the Universiade, is an international sporting event staged every two years in a different city. There were 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011, and 174 participating countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.The Summer Universiade includes 12 compulsory sports (15 compulsory disciplines):
The Winter Universiade includes eight compulsory sports and one to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
One to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
World University Championships
While the Universiades are held in odd years, the FISU World University Championships are held in even years. It includes individual/team sports, indoor/outdoor sports, combat sports, mind sports and summer/winter sports.
See also
FISU World University Games
Maison du Sport International
International Olympic Committee
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
Lausanne campus
International School Sport Federation
== References == | Facebook ID | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"FISU"
]
} |
The FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU, English: International University Sports Federation) is responsible for the organization and governance of worldwide sports competitions for student-athletes between the ages of 17 and 25. It was founded in 1949 as the world governing body of national university sports organizations and currently has 174 member associations (National University Sport Federations) from five continents. Between 1949 and 2011, it was based in Brussels (Belgium); it was relocated to Lausanne (Switzerland) since 2011.
The FISU stages its events every two years. They currently include two Universiades (summer and winter) and 34 World University Championships. It also organizes conferences, forums and seminars to promote sport as a component of the educational system. FISU sanctions other competitions open to university students, such as the biennial World University Bridge Championships in contract bridge, "played under the auspices of the FISU".In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FISU banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and national university sports federation officials from participating in FISU competitions and activities until at least the end of 2022, cancelled two FISU University World Cups in Russia and a FISU World University Championships in Belarus scheduled for 2022 (the FISU University World Cup Powerlifting from Moscow, the FISU University World Cup Rugby Sevens from Kazan, and the FISU World University Championship Waterski & Wakeboard from Belarus), and cancelled Russia's hosting of the FISU University World Cup Combat Sports and associated meetings scheduled for 2022. The FISU also suspended the hosting rights and postponed the 2023 Summer World University Games, to be held in Yekaterinburg.
Organization
A General Assembly elects an executive committee for a four-year term. Oleg Matytsin was elected president for 2015β2019, succeeding Claude-Louis Gallien. The secretary-general and CEO is Eric Saintrond; vice-presidents are Leonz Eder, Luciano Cabral, Marian Dymalski, Leopold Senghor and Liguo Yang.Past presidents include:
1949β1961: Paul Schleimer
1961β1999: Primo Nebiolo (ITA)
1999β2011: George E. Killian (USA)
2011β2015: ClaudeβLouis Gallien (FRA)
Events and sports
Universiade
The FISU World University Games, formerly and commonly referred to as the Universiade, is an international sporting event staged every two years in a different city. There were 10,622 participants in Shenzhen, China, in 2011, and 174 participating countries in Daegu, Korea, in 2003.The Summer Universiade includes 12 compulsory sports (15 compulsory disciplines):
The Winter Universiade includes eight compulsory sports and one to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
One to three optional sports are chosen by the host country.
World University Championships
While the Universiades are held in odd years, the FISU World University Championships are held in even years. It includes individual/team sports, indoor/outdoor sports, combat sports, mind sports and summer/winter sports.
See also
FISU World University Games
Maison du Sport International
International Olympic Committee
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
Lausanne campus
International School Sport Federation
== References == | operating area | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"worldwide"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | position held | {
"answer_start": [
262
],
"text": [
"Governor of Texas"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"politician"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"Edward Clark (governor)"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
146
],
"text": [
"Australia"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | family name | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"Clark"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Edward"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
626
],
"text": [
"English"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | writing language | {
"answer_start": [
626
],
"text": [
"English"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | name in native language | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"Edward Clark"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | different from | {
"answer_start": [
1454
],
"text": [
"Edward William Clark"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
1248
],
"text": [
"Philadelphia"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | native language | {
"answer_start": [
626
],
"text": [
"English"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | employer | {
"answer_start": [
944
],
"text": [
"BBC"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | sport | {
"answer_start": [
577
],
"text": [
"cricket"
]
} |
Edward or Ed Clark may refer to:
Politicians
Ed Clark (born 1930), American politician, Libertarian presidential candidate in 1980
Edward Clark (Australian politician) (1854β1933), Australian politician
Edward Clark (governor) (1815β1880), American politician, Governor of Texas
Edward Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1932), Canadian politician
Edward A. Clark (1906β1992), United States Ambassador to Australia, 1965β1968
Edward Henry Clark (1870β1932), New Zealand politician
Sports
Ed Clark (baseball) (Edmund C. Clark, 1863β1927), American baseball player
Nobby Clark (cricketer) (Edward Winchester Clark, 1902β1982), English cricketer
Others
Edward Clark (actor) (1878β1954), Russian-born American actor and songwriter
Edward Clark (architect) (1822β1902), American architect, Architect of the Capitol, 1865β1902
Edward Clark (artist) (1926β2019), American abstract painter
Edward Clark (conductor) (1888β1962), British conductor and BBC music producer
Ed Clark (photographer) (1911β2000), Life magazine photographer
Edward Cabot Clark (1811β1882), American businessman, co-founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company
Edward Severin Clark (1870β1933), his grandson, American builder
Edward Walter Clark Jr. (1858β1946), commodore of the Philadelphia Corinthian Yacht Club and senior partner in the E. W. Clark & Co. investment house
Edward White Clark (1828β1904), head of E. W. Clark & Company, a financial firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Edward William Clark (born 1946), American Roman Catholic bishop
Edward Winter Clark (1830β1913), American missionary in Nagaland, India
Edward Clark Carter (1878β1954), American educator
Edward Walter Clark III (1885β1939), investment banker
G. Edward Clark (1917β1984), American ambassador
See also
Edward Clarke (disambiguation)
Edwin Clark (disambiguation)
Edgar E. Clark (1856β1930), American attorney, government and union official
Edmund Clark, British photographer | title | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"Edward Clark"
]
} |
Matthew Lauria (born August 16, 1982) is an American actor and musician. He made his television debut on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in 2007. He is best known for his roles as Luke Cafferty on the NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, Ryan York on the NBC family drama Parenthood, and Ryan Wheeler on the Audience drama Kingdom. In 2021, Lauria appeared as a series regular on the crime television series CSI: Vegas.
Early life and education
Lauria was born in Virginia and moved to Ireland with his family when he was seven. His father was an animator and an artist. He has two sisters. He spent his formative years growing up in Dublin and moved back to the U.S. to attend high school. He received his formal acting training from the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in their drama conservatory, where he earned a BFA in drama.
Career
Within a few weeks of moving to New York City, Lauria successfully made his television debut as Winthrop on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. Soon after, he landed a recurring role on the NBC romantic sitcom Lipstick Jungle as Roy Merritt, where he co-starred with Brooke Shields, Andrew McCarthy and Robert Buckley.
Lauria landed his first starring role as Luke Cafferty, #44 of the East Dillon Lions, in the Emmy award-winning NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, for which he moved to Pflugerville, Texas in order to film. Lauria remained on the show until it ended in 2011. After finishing Friday Night Lights, Lauria moved to Chicago, Illinois after being cast as Caleb Evers in the Fox crime drama The Chicago Code. The show was cancelled after one season.He co-starred as Charlie Carnegie on the ABC drama pilot Gilded Lilys created and produced by Shonda Rhimes. From 2012 to 2015, Lauria had a recurring role as Ryan York, a veteran of the Afghanistan war, on the fourth, fifth and sixth seasons of the NBC family drama Parenthood, reuniting with former Friday Night Lights showrunner Jason Katims. He also starred as Ryan Wheeler on the DirecTV drama series Kingdom which premiered on the Audience Network in the fall of 2014. In 2019, he appeared in two action thrillers, opposite Gina Rodriguez and Ismael Cruz CΓ³rdova in Miss Bala, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, and Shaft, directed by Tim Story.In 2019 and 2020, he played the role of Jackson Pruitt on the TV series Tell Me A Story. In 2020, he also played the role of Bill on the TV series Little Birds.
Starting in 2021, he played the role of Josh Folsom on the hit show CSI: Vegas.
Personal life
Lauria is an avid electric guitarist. On August 26, 2006, he married musician Michelle Armstrong.
Filmography
Film
Television
Notes
References
External links
Matt Lauria at IMDb | educated at | {
"answer_start": [
733
],
"text": [
"University of North Carolina School of the Arts"
]
} |
Matthew Lauria (born August 16, 1982) is an American actor and musician. He made his television debut on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in 2007. He is best known for his roles as Luke Cafferty on the NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, Ryan York on the NBC family drama Parenthood, and Ryan Wheeler on the Audience drama Kingdom. In 2021, Lauria appeared as a series regular on the crime television series CSI: Vegas.
Early life and education
Lauria was born in Virginia and moved to Ireland with his family when he was seven. His father was an animator and an artist. He has two sisters. He spent his formative years growing up in Dublin and moved back to the U.S. to attend high school. He received his formal acting training from the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in their drama conservatory, where he earned a BFA in drama.
Career
Within a few weeks of moving to New York City, Lauria successfully made his television debut as Winthrop on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. Soon after, he landed a recurring role on the NBC romantic sitcom Lipstick Jungle as Roy Merritt, where he co-starred with Brooke Shields, Andrew McCarthy and Robert Buckley.
Lauria landed his first starring role as Luke Cafferty, #44 of the East Dillon Lions, in the Emmy award-winning NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, for which he moved to Pflugerville, Texas in order to film. Lauria remained on the show until it ended in 2011. After finishing Friday Night Lights, Lauria moved to Chicago, Illinois after being cast as Caleb Evers in the Fox crime drama The Chicago Code. The show was cancelled after one season.He co-starred as Charlie Carnegie on the ABC drama pilot Gilded Lilys created and produced by Shonda Rhimes. From 2012 to 2015, Lauria had a recurring role as Ryan York, a veteran of the Afghanistan war, on the fourth, fifth and sixth seasons of the NBC family drama Parenthood, reuniting with former Friday Night Lights showrunner Jason Katims. He also starred as Ryan Wheeler on the DirecTV drama series Kingdom which premiered on the Audience Network in the fall of 2014. In 2019, he appeared in two action thrillers, opposite Gina Rodriguez and Ismael Cruz CΓ³rdova in Miss Bala, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, and Shaft, directed by Tim Story.In 2019 and 2020, he played the role of Jackson Pruitt on the TV series Tell Me A Story. In 2020, he also played the role of Bill on the TV series Little Birds.
Starting in 2021, he played the role of Josh Folsom on the hit show CSI: Vegas.
Personal life
Lauria is an avid electric guitarist. On August 26, 2006, he married musician Michelle Armstrong.
Filmography
Film
Television
Notes
References
External links
Matt Lauria at IMDb | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"actor"
]
} |
Matthew Lauria (born August 16, 1982) is an American actor and musician. He made his television debut on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in 2007. He is best known for his roles as Luke Cafferty on the NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, Ryan York on the NBC family drama Parenthood, and Ryan Wheeler on the Audience drama Kingdom. In 2021, Lauria appeared as a series regular on the crime television series CSI: Vegas.
Early life and education
Lauria was born in Virginia and moved to Ireland with his family when he was seven. His father was an animator and an artist. He has two sisters. He spent his formative years growing up in Dublin and moved back to the U.S. to attend high school. He received his formal acting training from the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in their drama conservatory, where he earned a BFA in drama.
Career
Within a few weeks of moving to New York City, Lauria successfully made his television debut as Winthrop on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. Soon after, he landed a recurring role on the NBC romantic sitcom Lipstick Jungle as Roy Merritt, where he co-starred with Brooke Shields, Andrew McCarthy and Robert Buckley.
Lauria landed his first starring role as Luke Cafferty, #44 of the East Dillon Lions, in the Emmy award-winning NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, for which he moved to Pflugerville, Texas in order to film. Lauria remained on the show until it ended in 2011. After finishing Friday Night Lights, Lauria moved to Chicago, Illinois after being cast as Caleb Evers in the Fox crime drama The Chicago Code. The show was cancelled after one season.He co-starred as Charlie Carnegie on the ABC drama pilot Gilded Lilys created and produced by Shonda Rhimes. From 2012 to 2015, Lauria had a recurring role as Ryan York, a veteran of the Afghanistan war, on the fourth, fifth and sixth seasons of the NBC family drama Parenthood, reuniting with former Friday Night Lights showrunner Jason Katims. He also starred as Ryan Wheeler on the DirecTV drama series Kingdom which premiered on the Audience Network in the fall of 2014. In 2019, he appeared in two action thrillers, opposite Gina Rodriguez and Ismael Cruz CΓ³rdova in Miss Bala, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, and Shaft, directed by Tim Story.In 2019 and 2020, he played the role of Jackson Pruitt on the TV series Tell Me A Story. In 2020, he also played the role of Bill on the TV series Little Birds.
Starting in 2021, he played the role of Josh Folsom on the hit show CSI: Vegas.
Personal life
Lauria is an avid electric guitarist. On August 26, 2006, he married musician Michelle Armstrong.
Filmography
Film
Television
Notes
References
External links
Matt Lauria at IMDb | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
2669
],
"text": [
"Matt Lauria"
]
} |
Matthew Lauria (born August 16, 1982) is an American actor and musician. He made his television debut on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in 2007. He is best known for his roles as Luke Cafferty on the NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, Ryan York on the NBC family drama Parenthood, and Ryan Wheeler on the Audience drama Kingdom. In 2021, Lauria appeared as a series regular on the crime television series CSI: Vegas.
Early life and education
Lauria was born in Virginia and moved to Ireland with his family when he was seven. His father was an animator and an artist. He has two sisters. He spent his formative years growing up in Dublin and moved back to the U.S. to attend high school. He received his formal acting training from the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in their drama conservatory, where he earned a BFA in drama.
Career
Within a few weeks of moving to New York City, Lauria successfully made his television debut as Winthrop on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. Soon after, he landed a recurring role on the NBC romantic sitcom Lipstick Jungle as Roy Merritt, where he co-starred with Brooke Shields, Andrew McCarthy and Robert Buckley.
Lauria landed his first starring role as Luke Cafferty, #44 of the East Dillon Lions, in the Emmy award-winning NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, for which he moved to Pflugerville, Texas in order to film. Lauria remained on the show until it ended in 2011. After finishing Friday Night Lights, Lauria moved to Chicago, Illinois after being cast as Caleb Evers in the Fox crime drama The Chicago Code. The show was cancelled after one season.He co-starred as Charlie Carnegie on the ABC drama pilot Gilded Lilys created and produced by Shonda Rhimes. From 2012 to 2015, Lauria had a recurring role as Ryan York, a veteran of the Afghanistan war, on the fourth, fifth and sixth seasons of the NBC family drama Parenthood, reuniting with former Friday Night Lights showrunner Jason Katims. He also starred as Ryan Wheeler on the DirecTV drama series Kingdom which premiered on the Audience Network in the fall of 2014. In 2019, he appeared in two action thrillers, opposite Gina Rodriguez and Ismael Cruz CΓ³rdova in Miss Bala, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, and Shaft, directed by Tim Story.In 2019 and 2020, he played the role of Jackson Pruitt on the TV series Tell Me A Story. In 2020, he also played the role of Bill on the TV series Little Birds.
Starting in 2021, he played the role of Josh Folsom on the hit show CSI: Vegas.
Personal life
Lauria is an avid electric guitarist. On August 26, 2006, he married musician Michelle Armstrong.
Filmography
Film
Television
Notes
References
External links
Matt Lauria at IMDb | family name | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
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]
} |
Matthew Lauria (born August 16, 1982) is an American actor and musician. He made his television debut on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in 2007. He is best known for his roles as Luke Cafferty on the NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, Ryan York on the NBC family drama Parenthood, and Ryan Wheeler on the Audience drama Kingdom. In 2021, Lauria appeared as a series regular on the crime television series CSI: Vegas.
Early life and education
Lauria was born in Virginia and moved to Ireland with his family when he was seven. His father was an animator and an artist. He has two sisters. He spent his formative years growing up in Dublin and moved back to the U.S. to attend high school. He received his formal acting training from the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in their drama conservatory, where he earned a BFA in drama.
Career
Within a few weeks of moving to New York City, Lauria successfully made his television debut as Winthrop on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. Soon after, he landed a recurring role on the NBC romantic sitcom Lipstick Jungle as Roy Merritt, where he co-starred with Brooke Shields, Andrew McCarthy and Robert Buckley.
Lauria landed his first starring role as Luke Cafferty, #44 of the East Dillon Lions, in the Emmy award-winning NBC/DirecTV drama Friday Night Lights, for which he moved to Pflugerville, Texas in order to film. Lauria remained on the show until it ended in 2011. After finishing Friday Night Lights, Lauria moved to Chicago, Illinois after being cast as Caleb Evers in the Fox crime drama The Chicago Code. The show was cancelled after one season.He co-starred as Charlie Carnegie on the ABC drama pilot Gilded Lilys created and produced by Shonda Rhimes. From 2012 to 2015, Lauria had a recurring role as Ryan York, a veteran of the Afghanistan war, on the fourth, fifth and sixth seasons of the NBC family drama Parenthood, reuniting with former Friday Night Lights showrunner Jason Katims. He also starred as Ryan Wheeler on the DirecTV drama series Kingdom which premiered on the Audience Network in the fall of 2014. In 2019, he appeared in two action thrillers, opposite Gina Rodriguez and Ismael Cruz CΓ³rdova in Miss Bala, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, and Shaft, directed by Tim Story.In 2019 and 2020, he played the role of Jackson Pruitt on the TV series Tell Me A Story. In 2020, he also played the role of Bill on the TV series Little Birds.
Starting in 2021, he played the role of Josh Folsom on the hit show CSI: Vegas.
Personal life
Lauria is an avid electric guitarist. On August 26, 2006, he married musician Michelle Armstrong.
Filmography
Film
Television
Notes
References
External links
Matt Lauria at IMDb | given name | {
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OrciΓ¨res (French pronunciation: β[ΙΚsjΙΚ]) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"France"
]
} |
OrciΓ¨res (French pronunciation: β[ΙΚsjΙΚ]) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"Hautes-Alpes"
]
} |
OrciΓ¨res (French pronunciation: β[ΙΚsjΙΚ]) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Orcières"
]
} |
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