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Q: RandomForest IndexError: only integers, slices (`:`), ellipsis (`...`), numpy.newaxis (`None`) and integer or boolean arrays are valid indices I am working with sklearn on RandomForestClassifier: class RandomForest(RandomForestClassifier): def fit(self, x, y): self.unique_train_y, y_classes = transform_y_vectors_in_classes(y) return RandomForestClassifier.fit(self, x, y_classes) def predict(self, x): y_classes = RandomForestClassifier.predict(self, x) predictions = transform_classes_in_y_vectors(y_classes, self.unique_train_y) return predictions def transform_classes_in_y_vectors(y_classes, unique_train_y): cyr = [unique_train_y[predicted_index] for predicted_index in y_classes] predictions = np.array(float(cyr)) return predictions I got this Error message: IndexError: only integers, slices (`:`), ellipsis (`...`), numpy.newaxis (`None`) and integer or boolean arrays are valid indices A: It seems that y_classes holds values that are not valid indices. When you try to get access into unique_train_y with predicted_index than you get the exception as predicted_index is not what you think it is. Try to execute the following code: cyr = [unique_train_y[predicted_index] for predicted_index in range(len(y_classes))] # assuming unique_train_y is a list and predicted_index should be integer.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
1. Field of the Invention The invention is directed to a device for producing compacted or pressed articles with a main cylindrically-shaped element and a secondary helically-shaped element from powdered material such as powdered metal, and in particular for producing helical gearwheels in which the helical gearing or toothing is the secondary element. 2. Description of the Related Art A conventional device as described in European Patent Publication 0 528 761 A1 produces pressed articles, e.g., helical-toothed gearwheels, from metal powder. This known metal powder press has a linearly movable upper ram in which is supported a top punch which is rotatable about the longitudinal axis in the pressing direction and a bottom ram which is also moveable linearly against a bottom stop and in which a bottom punch is rotatably supported. A die plate forms a mold cavity and is movable linearly in the pressing cycle. The rotatable bottom punch and the rotatable top punch each have a toothing profile corresponding to the toothing profile or helical toothing of the mold shell or casing, i.e., the mold cavity. The bottom punch which is supported so as to be freely rotatable is constantly engaged with the profile of the mold cavity and therefore rotates compulsorily in a corresponding manner when linear relative movements occur between the bottom punch and die plate during the press cycle. In contrast, a rotational movement corresponding to the helical toothing is externally forced upon the top punch during the press cycle corresponding to its penetration depth in order to reduce the friction between the outer surfaces of the top punch and mold cavity of the female mold. The toothed-wheel mechanism provided for this purpose is driven via a mechanical linkage control corresponding to the desired helical toothing of the pressed article. The linkage control contains linkage cores, rigidly connected to a guide plate and guided in a positive engagement and in a sliding manner in the coaxially arranged driving wheels of the toothed-wheel mechanism. During the press cycle, the guide plate is temporarily rigidly coupled with the die plate and moves jointly therewith. A withdrawal process is used to remove the produced pressed articles from the mold. This known metal powder press gives rise to considerable costs with respect to mechanical construction and also retooling since for every different pressed article a set of linkage cores corresponding to this pressed article must be prepared and exchanged, aside from the special tool set including the female mold, top punch and bottom punch. Added to this is the cost of the guide plate and the mechanically operated locking device for rigidly coupling the guide plate to the die plate. There also remains the problem of friction between the bottom punch with respect to its rotational movement and the female mold, the bottom punch not being positively driven externally. This not only results in increased tool wear in this region, but also leads to an uneven density distribution in the pressed article. A press with electronically controlled movements which is used for the rotary press process is described in the publication entitled "Quality control through process monitoring of rotary forming press", Metal Powder industries Federation, Volume 6, May 6-11, 1994, 125-137. A press of this type is used for subsequent treatment of already sintered molded articles produced by powder metallurgy in order to give them a density in the range of 95% to 98% of the theoretically possible density of the material in question. The special construction of these presses makes it possible to generate extremely high local pressing pressures in the pressing tool with a comparatively low overall pressing force of the press. The special construction for this purpose includes an upper punch die that moves in a gyrating and rotating manner and applies locally defined extremely high pressing forces on the workpiece in order to compact the latter in directed manner. This reference contains no suggestion that the top punch and bottom punch, which participate directly in the shaping of the helically shaped secondary element of the article to be pressed, may be controlled with respect to their movement in the mold cavity of the female mold by electronic means for the purpose of producing compact with main cylindrically shaped elements and secondary helically shaped elements from powdered material.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
Cao Cao may refer to: Companies or organizations Air China Cargo, ICAO airline designator CAO CA Oradea, Romanian football club CA Osasuna, Spanish football club Canadian Association of Orthodontists Central Allocation Office, cross border electricity transmission capacity auction office Central Applications Office, Irish organisation that oversees college applications Civil Aviation Office of Poland Iran Civil Aviation Organization Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman Job titles Chief administrative officer of a company Chief accounting officer of a company Chief Academic Officer of a University, often titled the Provost Chief analytics officer of a company Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman, an independent office that reviews complaints Names Cao (Chinese surname) (曹) Cao (Vietnamese surname) People Cao Yupeng, a snooker player Cao Cao (died 220), founder of Cao Wei, China Diogo Cão, a 15th-century Portuguese explorer Joseph Cao (born 1967), United States politician Lady of Cao, a Moche mummy, Peru Longbing Cao (born 1969), data scientist Places Cao (state), a Chinese vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty (1046 - 221 BCE) Cao Wei, also called Wei, one of the regimes that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period (220 - 280 CE) Cao County, Shandong, China Other uses Cão!, an album by Portuguese band Ornatos Violeta CA Osasuna, a Spanish sport club Controller Access Object, as described in the ORiN robot interface The chemical symbol for calcium oxide Chlorophyllide-a oxygenase, an enzyme Cold air outbreak, an intense and/or prolonged cold weather wave of air	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Q: Allocating generic class in C++ I'm trying to write a Testbench that can test different implementations of an Interface. Coming from Java I would love to just specify an Interface, create some Classes that implement it and write a class Testbench<T extends MyInterface> Transforming this approach to C++ gives something like: // The Interface class Animal { public: Animal(int age) {}; virtual ~Animal() {}; virtual void Say(); }; // An Implementor class Cow : Animal { private: int age; public: Cow(int age) : Animal(age) { this.age = age; }; void Say() { std::cout << "I'm an " << age << " year old Cow" << std::endl; } } Next I define the templated class that can test different Animals: template<> void AnimalTestbench<class T> { static void TestSay(); } But when I try to implement the TestSay method, it gives me "Allocation of incomplete type T" template<> void AnimalTestbench<class T>::TestSay() { T animal = new T(5); animal->Say(); } Of course I didn't specify that T should be an Animal, this is my first question. The latter is: why does this code fail? I've heard that Templates are a fancy way for Macros that know about types, but if it's a Macro in a way, then the compiler should first replace T with my (complete) Type which he should be able to allocate and instantiate. A: There are a number of issues with your code: The Animal class should declare Say as pure virtual The Animal class uses this. instead of this-> The Cow class does not derive publicly from Animal The AnimalTestbench class does not use templates correctly, template<> defines a specialization, which is not what you want T animal = new T(5); is a memory leak, because a delete doesn't follow. we don't need to allocate at all, actually Fixed Animal class: class Animal { public: Animal(int) {}; virtual ~Animal() {}; virtual void Say() = 0; }; Fixed Cow class: class Cow : public Animal { private: int age; public: Cow(int age) : Animal(age) { this->age = age; }; void Say() override{ std::cout << "I'm an " << age << " year old Cow" << std::endl; } }; Fixed AnimalTestbench (we don't need to separate the impl of TestSay from the declaration, but I'm following your approach: template<class T> struct AnimalTestbench { static void TestSay(); }; template<class T> void AnimalTestbench<T>::TestSay() { T animal(5); Animal *animal_base = &animal; animal_base->Say(); } Usage: int main() { AnimalTestbench<Cow>::TestSay(); } TestSay could be a standalone templated function, but I presume there are other virtual functions you wish to test and it's convenient to put them all in a single test class. Demo	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Flat front end, dynamic design and impressive rear spoiler – it’s clear from the outset that the new Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport1 yearns for corners and challenging country roads. Pure and unadulterated. A genuine thoroughbred. Bugatti has been producing sports cars homologated for public roads for over 110 years. In the past, vehicles such as the Type 13 and Type 35 have claimed countless victories at international hill climbs and road races. The Chiron Pur Sport1 is no exception to this long-standing tradition. The new model is an uncompromising hypersports car for exactly those winding roads – a new aerodynamic configuration generates more downforce while the lower weight increases agility. Even travelling at average speeds will stimulate all the senses thanks to a close-ratio transmission, high-performance tyres with a new material mix geared towards extreme grip as well as an agile chassis and suspension setup. By contrast with the Chiron Super Sport 300+, the record-breaking car that exceeded the threshold of 300 miles per hour for the first time, the Chiron Pur Sport focuses on extraordinary, tangible performance throughout the entire range of speeds. Chiron Pur Sport “We spoke to customers and realised they wanted a vehicle that is geared even more towards agility and dynamic cornering. A hypersports car that yearns for country roads with as many bends as possible. An unadulterated, uncompromising driving machine. Consequently, the vehicle is called Chiron Pur Sport1”, explains Stephan Winkelmann, President of Bugatti. “By cutting the weight by 50 kilogrammes while simultaneously boosting the downforce and configuring an uncompromising, sporty chassis as well as suspension setup, the Chiron Pur Sport1 boasts incredible grip, sensational acceleration and extraordinarily accurate handling. It’s the most uncompromising yet agile Bugatti of recent times.” Extraordinary design The Chiron Pur Sport’s concept has been geared towards agility in every sense of the word. The Design Development department’s focus was to lend the Pur Sport a confident appearance. As a result, the front end is dominated by an intentionally dynamic expression. Very wide air inlets and an enlarged horseshoe panel at the bottom serve as perfect radiator air outlets. The vehicle’s striking splitter generates maximum downforce by protruding considerably at the front while also making the vehicle seem wider. Primary lines run across the air outlets on the front wing like tendons on a muscle, radiating the design image of a well-honed athlete. A new optional split paintwork design has been developed for the Chiron Pur Sport1. The entire bottom third of the vehicle features exposed carbon fibre to make the vehicle seem even lower. From the sides these dark surfaces merge with the colour of the road surface and make the Pur Sport appear even flatter. The rear of the Pur Sport proudly carries the vehicle’s rear spoiler spanning 1.90 metres to generate serious amounts of downforce, and the striking diffuser also significantly boosts the vehicle’s aerodynamics. In this process, angled wing mounts form a large X in conjunction with the rear apron, a feature that is inspired by elements of science fiction and motorsport . The design is rounded off by the extremely lightweight and highly temperature-resistant exhaust tailpipe made of 3D-printed titanium. This production method gives the components very thin walls, thus helping to save weight where it really matters. The vehicle interior is deliberately sporty and raw, and has been reduced to the absolute minimum. Large surfaces have been upholstered with Alcantara to save weight. Dynamic patterns have been lasered into the Alcantara door trim panels featuring contrasting fabric highlights with a metal look. Alcantara guarantees an ideal grip on the steering wheel and improves the side support on seats – even at extreme lateral acceleration levels. All trim and controls are made exclusively of either black, anodised aluminium or titanium. Contrasting cross-stitching adds colour highlights, as do the steering wheel’s 12 o’clock spoke and the blue centre spine. Sophisticated aerodynamics and exhaust system A large diffuser and fixed rear spoiler generate plenty of downforce at the back end, while also helping to boost agility. At the same time, doing away with the hydraulic component of the otherwise automatically extending spoiler reduces the weight by ten kilogrammes. Rear wing mounts and diffuser form an aggressive and sporty X-shaped design. “We focussed particularly on the agility of the Chiron Pur Sport1. The vehicle generates more downforce at the rear axle while the large, front splitter, air inlets, wheel-arch vents featuring optimised air outlets and a reduced vehicle height strike a clean balance at the front”, Frank Heyl, Head of Exterior Design and Deputy Head Designer at Bugatti, explains. New wheel design Frank Heyl and the Technical Development department teamed up to devise a magnesium wheel design featuring optional aero blades for the Pur Sport. Arranged in a ring, the blades guarantee ideal wheel ventilation while also boosting aerodynamics. While the vehicle is in motion the rings fitted to the rim extract air outwards from the wheel where it is immediately drawn towards the rear. This invention prevents adverse turbulence in the wheel area and also improves the flow across the side of the vehicle. A special cover on each of the five wheel nuts minimises turbulence and adds a final visual touch to the wheel’s design. Cutting the weight by a total of 16 kilogrammes results in a lower unladen weight and also reduces the unsprung masses of the already ultra-light Bugatti wheels. “All of the modifications make the Pur Sport’s handling more accurate, direct and predictable. Lower unsprung masses result in improved grip because the wheel maintains contact with the road surface more easily. Anyone behind the wheel will immediately feel its lightweight character through bends”, Jachin Schwalbe, Head of Bugatti Chassis Development, adds. An accomplished interpretation of “form follows performance”. New tyre development Bugatti and Michelin developed the new and exclusive Bugatti Sport Cup 2 R tyre in 285/30 R20 dimensions at the front and 355/25 R21 at the rear to match the new Aero wheel design. Thanks to a modified tyre structure and a rubber mix that creates more grip, this combination boosts the vehicle’s lateral acceleration by 10% to additionally increase its cornering speed. Magnesium wheel design featuring optional aero blades Uncompromising chassis and suspension setup Bugatti specifically configured the chassis and suspension to be uncompromising on winding roads – without any detrimental effect on comfort. A new chassis setup featuring 65% firmer springs at the front and 33% firmer springs at the rear, an adaptive damping control strategy geared towards performance as well as modified camber values (minus 2.5 degrees) guarantee even more dynamic handling and added agility in bends. Carbon-fibre stabilisers at the front and rear additionally minimise roll. “This setup makes the Chiron Pur Sport1 steer more directly and accurately through bends and maintains the grip levels for a very long time – even at high speeds. In conjunction with 19 kilogrammes of weight reduction of the unsprung masses the Pur Sport almost glides across roads”, Jachin Schwalbe explains. In addition to the wheels’ weight reduction totalling 16 kilogrammes, titanium brake pad base panels cut the vehicle’s weight by a further two kilogrammes while brake discs strike yet another kilogramme off the total weight. “These 19 kilogrammes fully contribute towards the performance. Less weight results in more grip and tangibly more comfort, as adaptive dampers are forced to deal with lower masses to thus be able to maintain the wheels’ contact with the road surface more easily”, Jachin Schwalbe adds. Engineers have guaranteed more direct contact with the road surface by making the connection between chassis, suspension and body 130% firmer at the front and 77% firmer at the rear. Apart from the four familiar EB, Motorway, Handling and Sport drive modes, the Chiron Pur Sport1 features the new Sport + drive mode to make this enhanced performance more emotionally tangible. In contrast to Sport mode, the traction control system kicks into action on dry race tracks at a significantly later point in the new mode aimed at more skilled cornering experts, making it possible for drivers to change their personal driving style even more than before from razor-sharp ideal lines to drifts, also through fast corners. New transmission development A new transmission featuring an overall gear ratio that has been configured 15% closer together guarantees even more dynamic handling and further improves the power distribution of the 8.0-litre W16 engine generating 1,500 horsepower and 1,600 newton metres of torque. The vehicle now unleashes its full power at 350 km/h. “We were forced to reduce the speed as a result of the vastly increased downforce, generated by the new rear spoiler”, Schwalbe explains. 80% of the transmission has been revised while the entire gear set including four shafts and seven forward gears has been adapted to the new conditions. “We reconfigured each gear and calibrated new ratios despite this iconic engine boasting an abundance of power. The gears are closer together now to enable shorter gear jumps and also benefit performance. Most of all when coming out of corners the Chiron Pur Sport1 accelerates even more aggressively in conjunction with the added grip as well as the more direct chassis and suspension”, Gregor Gries says as the Head of Major Assemblies at Bugatti. At the same time Bugatti has increased the maximum engine speed of the W16 unit by 200 rpm to 6,900 rpm. In conjunction with the closer overall gear ratio this creates significantly better elasticity. As a result, the Chiron Pur Sport accelerates from 60 to 120 km/h almost two seconds faster than the already lightning-fast Chiron2. All in all the elasticity values are 40% better compared with the Chiron2. Production output and cost 2020 will be a special year for Bugatti. The French manufacturer based in Molsheim will be delivering the first Bugatti Divo3 vehicles this year, a creation showcased at Pebble Beach in 2018, as part of a limited small-scale series totalling 40 units. Production of the Chiron Pur Sport1 will start in the second half of 2020. Limited to 60 units at three million euros excluding VAT. “With the Chiron Pur Sport1 we are showcasing an outstanding vehicle that makes your heart race shortly after having started the engine to push the limits of driving physics even further to the limit than any vehicle ever has done before. This means we have come full circle, back to the good, old Bugatti tradition”, Stephan Winkelmann adds confidently. 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358 F.2d 1002 Martha W. BROWN, Individually and as Agent and Attorney for William D. Brown, III, Grady W. Brown, Philip B. Brown and Martha Brown Wilsonv.The UNITED STATES. No. 141-65. United States Court of Claims. April 15, 1966. William D. Brown, Monroe, La., attorney of record, for plaintiffs. Theus, Grisham, Davis, Leigh & Brown, Monroe, La., of counsel. Edward L. Metzler, Washington, D. C., with whom was Asst. Atty. Gen., John W. Douglas, for defendant. Before COWEN, Chief Judge, and LARAMORE, DURFEE, DAVIS and COLLINS, Judges. PER CURIAM:* 1 According to the petition, which was filed on April 30, 1965, the plaintiffs are the widow and surviving children of William Dennis Brown, Jr., and, as such, they are the owners through inheritance of farmlands situated in East Carroll Parish, Louisiana. The lands in question are suitable for the production of rice; and prior to and during the crop year 1958, such lands received a rice acreage allotment of 307.5 acres in accordance with the provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended. This statute, prior to 1958 and during the early part of that year, provided (among other things) for the establishment by the Secretary of Agriculture, on a calendar year basis, of a national acreage allotment for rice (7 U.S.C. § 1352 (1952)), for the apportionment of the national acreage allotment among the several rice-producing States (7 U.S.C. § 1353(a) (1952)), and for the allocation of each State acreage allotment "to farms owned or operated by persons who have produced rice in the State in any one of the five calendar years immediately preceding the year for which such apportionment is made on the basis of past production of rice in the State by the producer on the farm taking into consideration the acreage allotments previously established in the State for such owners or operators; abnormal conditions affecting acreage; land, labor, and equipment available for the production of rice; crop rotation practices; and the soil and other physical factors affecting the production of rice * * " (7 U.S.C. § 1353(b) (1952, Supp. V)). 2 On June 4, 1958, the provision of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended, relating to the allocation of each State acreage allotment for rice at the farm level was further amended by Public Law 85-443 (72 Stat. 177). The petition alleges that, by virtue of this amendment, the rice acreage allotments for the geographical area in which the plaintiffs' lands are located were changed from the "farm" basis to the "producer" basis, and that the rice acreage allotment of 307.5 acres previously mentioned was divided between the plaintiffs and their tenants for the year 1959 and subsequent years, with the result that the plaintiffs were allocated only 79.9 acres for the production of rice in 1959 and subsequent years, the remaining 227.6 acres of the original 307.5-acre allotment being allocated to tenants who had theretofore participated in the gross proceeds of the rice produced from the plaintiffs' lands. This action, according to the petition, amounted to a taking of the plaintiffs' property for public use without just compensation, in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; and the plaintiffs seek to recover $68,280 as compensation in the present action. 3 The petition forthrightly states that the "Plaintiffs have also instituted suit before the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana, Monroe Division, seeking further redress and adjudication in connection with the circumstances here set forth * ." 4 The defendant filed a motion to dismiss the petition in this court, on the ground that the Court of Claims lacks jurisdiction of the case because of 28 U.S.C. § 1500 (1964), which declares that: 5 The Court of Claims shall not have jurisdiction of any claim for or in respect to which the plaintiff or his assignee has pending in any other court any suit or process against the United States or any person who, at the time when the cause of action alleged in such suit or process arose, was, in respect thereto, acting or professing to act, directly or indirectly under the authority of the United States. 6 A copy of the complaint filed by the plaintiffs in the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana was attached to the defendant's motion to dismiss. The complaint in the District Court case was filed on April 29, 1965, or the day before the plaintiffs filed their petition in the Court of Claims case. 7 The defendants in the District Court case were the United States, the Louisiana Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Committee, and the East Carroll Parish Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Committee. The respective committees administer the rice program under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended, in the State of Louisiana and in East Carroll Parish. The operative facts alleged in the District Court case are the same as the facts alleged in the petition in this court. However, in the District Court case, the plaintiffs asserted alternatively (1) that the administrative officials misconstrued and misapplied the amendment of June 4, 1958, in depriving the plaintiffs of 227.6 acres of the rice acreage allotment previously allocated to their lands and, accordingly, that the plaintiffs are entitled to a reinstatement of the full amount of the previous rice acreage allotment; or (2) that if the amendment of June 4, 1958, has been properly construed and applied by the administrative officials, then the provisions of the amendment, as so construed and applied, have deprived the plaintiffs of their property without just compensation, in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. In either event (according to the plaintiffs' allegations in the District Court case), they have been wrongfully deprived of 227.6 acres of their rice acreage allotment for 5 years, and they are entitled to recover compensation at the rate of $6,828 per year for each of the 5 years. The plaintiffs further said in the District Court case that they are asserting a separate claim for each year (doubtless having in mind the $10,000 limitation imposed by 28 U.S.C. § 1346(a) (2) (1964) on the jurisdiction of District Courts with respect to suits against the United States). 8 On October 1, 1965, this court, noting that "plaintiffs have previously filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana, Monroe Division, seeking, as one alternative relief, just compensation for the taking of their property which claim is identical in substance to that asserted in the petition in this court and which claim remains pending in the said District Court" [emphasis added], dismissed the petition, without prejudice, on the basis of 28 U.S.C. § 1500, supra. 9 Plaintiffs moved for rehearing (in October 1965) on the ground that, in the District Court, the Government had moved to dismiss the alternative claim for just compensation as beyond that court's jurisdiction. Thereafter the plaintiffs filed a supplemental motion for rehearing indicating that the District Court, on December 9, 1965, had sustained the Government's motion and had dismissed on jurisdictional grounds the plaintiffs' claim for compensation. This court has ascertained that no appeal has been taken from that ruling and that the period for appeal has now expired. At the present time, therefore, the only claim for just compensation pending in a court is that stated in the plaintiffs' petition in this court. 10 In these circumstances we grant the motions for rehearing, vacate our prior order dismissing the petition, and now deny the defendant's motion to dismiss. Our earlier order of dismissal was predicated on the fact that the other "claim remains pending in the said District Court." That is no longer true, and the claim is no longer "pending in any other court." In this situation, we do not believe that 28 U.S.C. § 1500 requires us to deprive plaintiffs of the only forum they have in which to test their demand for just compensation. The District Court has decided that this claim is beyond its jurisdiction and plaintiffs have acquiesced in that ruling. Unless they can proceed in this court they will be unable to attempt to obtain a determination of the merits of this monetary claim. Section 1500 was designed to require an election between two forums both of which could presumably grant the same type of relief. See Casman v. United States, 135 Ct.Cl. 647 (1956); Tecon Engineers, Inc. v. United States, 343 F.2d 943, 945 ff., 170 Ct.Cl. 389, 393 ff. (1965), cert. denied, 382 U.S. 976, 86 S.Ct. 545, 15 L.Ed.2d 468 (1966). But Section 1500 was not intended to compel claimants to elect, at their peril, between prosecuting their claim in this court (with conceded jurisdiction, aside from Section 1500) and in another tribunal which is without jurisdiction. Once the claim has been rejected by the other court for lack of jurisdiction, there is no basis in the policy or wording of the statute for dismissal of the claim pending here. The plaintiffs could undoubtedly file a new petition, without any bar through Section 1500; it does not seem fair or make sense to insist that that must be done — with the limitations difficulties it may well entail. Tecon Engineers, Inc., supra, teaches that the section should be given a reasonable and just construction, not a doctrinaire or purely technical one. In that light, plaintiffs should now be able to proceed in this court. 11 Our prior holdings do not call for any different result. In British American Tobacco Co. v. United States, 89 Ct.Cl. 438, 441 (1939), cert. denied, 310 U.S. 627, 60 S.Ct. 974, 84 L.Ed. 1398 (1940), the other suit could and did proceed on the merits; in fact, this court emphasized several times that the determination of the other court was on the merits. In Wessel, Duval & Co. v. United States, 124 F.Supp. 636, 637-638, 129 Ct.Cl. 464, 466 (1954), the district court suit was still pending and there was no reason at all to believe that that tribunal lacked jurisdiction.1 In those circumstances this court refused to defer action pending the outcome of the suit in the district court but applied 28 U.S.C. § 1500 to dismiss the Court of Claims suit at once. In Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp. v. United States, 152 F.Supp. 236, 138 Ct.Cl. 648 (1957), the district court plainly had jurisdiction of the claim and this court held that the plaintiff had elected that tribunal as the desired forum over the Court of Claims. National Cored Forgings Co. v. United States, 132 F.Supp. 454, 132 Ct.Cl. 11 (1955), also involved another pending suit clearly within the jurisdiction of the district court in which it was brought. All of these cases, and the others involving Section 1500, were quite different from this case in its present posture. 12 Plaintiffs' motions for rehearing are granted, the dismissal without prejudice of plaintiffs' petition ordered on October 1, 1965, is vacated and set aside, defendant's motion to dismiss the petition is denied, and the case is returned to the trial commissioner for further proceedings. Notes: The court has borrowed substantially from an opinion by Trial Commissioner Mastin G. White at an earlier stage of the case 1 This court held expressly that the district court had exclusive jurisdiction	{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }
% File src/library/base/man/any.Rd % Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org % Copyright 1995-2010 R Core Team % Distributed under GPL 2 or later \name{any} \title{Are Some Values True?} \usage{ any(\dots, na.rm = FALSE) } \alias{any} \description{ Given a set of logical vectors, is at least one of the values true? } \arguments{ \item{\dots}{zero or more logical vectors. Other objects of zero length are ignored, and the rest are coerced to logical ignoring any class.} \item{na.rm}{logical. If true \code{NA} values are removed before the result is computed.} } \details{ This is a generic function: methods can be defined for it directly or via the \code{\link[=S3groupGeneric]{Summary}} group generic. For this to work properly, the arguments \code{\dots} should be unnamed, and dispatch is on the first argument. Coercion of types other than integer (raw, double, complex, character, list) gives a warning as this is often unintentional. This is a \link{primitive} function. } \value{ The value is a logical vector of length one. Let \code{x} denote the concatenation of all the logical vectors in \code{...} (after coercion), after removing \code{NA}s if requested by \code{na.rm = TRUE}. The value returned is \code{TRUE} if at least one of the values in \code{x} is \code{TRUE}, and \code{FALSE} if all of the values in \code{x} are \code{FALSE} (including if there are no values). Otherwise the value is \code{NA} (which can only occur if \code{na.rm = FALSE} and \code{\dots} contains no \code{TRUE} values and at least one \code{NA} value). } \section{S4 methods}{ This is part of the S4 \code{\link[=S4groupGeneric]{Summary}} group generic. Methods for it must use the signature \code{x, \dots, na.rm}. } \references{ Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) \emph{The New S Language}. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. } \seealso{ \code{\link{all}}, the \sQuote{complement} of \code{any}. } \examples{ range(x <- sort(round(stats::rnorm(10) - 1.2, 1))) if(any(x < 0)) cat("x contains negative values\n") } \keyword{logic}	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
SQL Tutorial SQL tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of SQL. Our SQL tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals. SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to perform operations on the records stored in the database such as updating records, deleting records, creating and modifying tables, views, etc. SQL is just a query language; it is not a database. To perform SQL queries, you need to install any database, for example, Oracle, MySQL, MongoDB, PostGre SQL, SQL Server, DB2, etc. What is SQL SQL stands for Structured Query Language . . It is designed for managing data in a relational database management system (RDBMS). It is pronounced as S-Q-L or sometime See-Qwell . . SQL is a database language, it is used for database creation, deletion, fetching rows, and modifying rows, etc. SQL is based on relational algebra and tuple relational calculus. All DBMS like MySQL, Oracle, MS Access, Sybase, Informix, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server use SQL as standard database language. Why SQL is required SQL is required: To create new databases, tables and views To insert records in a database To update records in a database To delete records from a database To retrieve data from a database What SQL does With SQL, we can query our database in several ways, using English-like statements. With SQL, a user can access data from a relational database management system. It allows the user to describe the data. It allows the user to define the data in the database and manipulate it when needed. It allows the user to create and drop database and table. It allows the user to create a view, stored procedure, function in a database. It allows the user to set permission on tables, procedures, and views. SQL Index	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
apiVersion: v1 description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes name: certmanager version: 1.0.1 appVersion: 0.3.1 tillerVersion: ">=2.7.2"	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Next steps uncertain for women with dense breasts LAURAN NEERGAARD Dec. 08, 2014 WASHINGTON (AP) — More women are learning their breasts are so dense that it's more difficult for mammograms to spot cancer. But new research suggests automatically giving them an extra test isn't necessarily the solution. Screening isn't the only concern. Women whose breast tissue is very dense have a greater risk of developing breast cancer than women whose breasts contain more fatty tissue. Laws in 19 states require women to be told if they have dense breasts after a mammogram, with Missouri's and Massachusetts' requirements taking effect in January. Similar legislation has been introduced in Congress. What's not clear is what a woman who's told her breasts are dense should do next, if anything. Some of the laws suggest extra screening may be in order. Not so fast, a team of scientists reported Monday. They modeled what would happen if women with dense breasts routinely received an ultrasound exam after every mammogram, and calculated such a policy would cost a lot, in extra tests and false alarms, for a small benefit. For every 10,000 women who got supplemental screening between the ages of 50 and 74, three to four breast cancer deaths would be prevented — but 3,500 cancer-free women would undergo needless biopsies, the study concluded. "Not everybody with dense breasts is going to get cancer. There are people with dense breasts that are not at high risk," explained study co-author Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the University of California, San Francisco, who has long studied density. Among the questions: How to tell which women really are at high risk, and how to better examine that group. "We need to investigate alternative screening strategies for women with dense breasts," added epidemiologist Brian Sprague of the University of Vermont Cancer Center, who led the research published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine. Topping that list: Scientists are beginning to study if a newer tool, 3-D mammograms, might get around the density problem by essentially viewing breast tissue from more angles. Meanwhile, Sprague said his study could help women consider the trade-offs as they decide for themselves whether to pursue an ultrasound. Mammogram reports to doctors have long included information about breast density. But it wasn't routinely shared with women until some cancer survivors, outraged at not knowing, began spurring state disclosure laws starting in Connecticut in 2009. The advocacy group that started the movement tracks the laws at http://www.areyoudense.org . What's a woman to make of the information? Monday's study "reaffirms that we don't know exactly what the right thing to do is when a woman has dense breasts," said Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer for the American Cancer Society. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists doesn't recommend routine additional testing in women who have no symptoms or other risk factors. UCSF's Kerlikowske said the real issue in deciding whether any woman needs extra screening — from an ultrasound to a more expensive MRI — is her overall risk of breast cancer. Her team helped create an online risk calculator — https://tools.bcsc-scc.org/BC5yearRisk/ . Plug in age, breast density, if a close relative had breast cancer and a few other details. Putting the risk in perspective, the calculator compares the woman's chance of developing breast cancer over the next five years with that of an average woman the same age. But to answer, you have to know just how dense your breasts are. Radiologists divide density levels into four categories: Almost completely fatty, scattered areas of density, fairly widespread density and the less common extremely dense. There's no standard way to measure, cautioned the cancer society's Brawley. And those mailed notifications don't always give the woman's category, even though the cancer risk is highest for extremely dense tissue. Density tends to decrease with age, so a woman's risk will change over time, Kerlikowske said. It also can reflect some other long-known risk factors, she added. Someone who had children very young probably will have fattier breasts by mammography age than a woman whose first birth was in her 30s.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Solar electricity isn't the only renewable energy whipping boy out there. Wind power has also taken more than its share of lumps, frequently saddled with a reputation for excessive noise and energy inefficiency. Plus, if some of the rumors are true, wind harvesters of the world have steadily been turning the planet's bird population into an airborne puree of blood and feathers. To be fair, wind turbines do kill birds -- but so do vehicles, skyscrapers, pollution and the introduction of invasive species into their habitats. Humans have had bird blood on their hands for ages, and as daunting as a field of wind turbines may look, they're responsible for statistically few bird deaths -- less than 1 in every 30,000 [source: U.S. Department of Energy]. But even without the death cries of a thousand birds, aren't wind turbines a noise nuisance? Actually, modern turbine technology renders them relatively silent -- essentially no more than the soft, steady whine of wind through the blades. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, if you stand 750 feet (229 meters) away from a wind farm of multiple turbines, the noise would be no more than that of a working kitchen refrigerator. These aren't helicopter blades, after all. The Ontario Ministry of Environment breaks it down like this: If 0 decibels is the threshold of hearing and 140 is the threshold of pain, then a typical wind farm scores between 35 and 45, sandwiched between a quiet bedroom (35) and a 40-mile-per-hour (64-kilometer-per-hour) car (55). Finally, there's the issue of cost. Like any energy production facility, there are plenty of upfront costs to harvesting wind energy, but research indicates that the average wind farm pays back the energy used in its manufacture within three to five months of operation [source: BWEA]. Since wind farms depend on variable weather patterns, day-to-day operating costs tend to run higher. Simply put, the wind isn't going to blow at top speed year-round. If it did, a wind turbine would produce its maximum theoretical power. In reality, a turbine only produces 30 percent of this amount, though it produces different levels of electricity 70 to 85 percent of the time [source: BWEA]. This means that wind power requires back-up power from an alternative source, but this is common in energy production. Wind power demonstrates tremendous promise for the future -- and not just for the environment, but for the pocketbook as well. In 2005, the state of New York determined that a 10 percent addition of wind generation would reduce customer payments by $305 million in one year.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Effect of exercise on stability of chronically enlarged motor units. Chronic denervation syndromes such as the post-polio syndrome are associated with progressive muscle weakness and fatigue after motoneuron death. Neither the etiology nor the management of these syndromes is clear. To address this issue, we partially denervated rat hindlimb muscles for 1 or 12 months and examined whether chronically enlarged motor units (MUs) become destabilized with time and further destabilized by daily running on exercise wheels. MU enlargement, measured electrophysiologically and morphologically was significantly reduced at 12 months in extensively denervated muscles, and to a lesser extent in moderately denervated muscles, as compared to the findings at 1 month. A 1-month period of running exercise further reduced the size of the chronically enlarged MUs in the extensively denervated muscles. We have therefore (1) successfully established a rat model of time-related MU size reduction, in which destabilization of chronically enlarged MUs results in loss of axonal terminals, and (2) demonstrated that nonphysiological activity has small but significant effects of further destabilizing the chronically enlarged MUs.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Selective coupling with K+ currents of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in NG108-15 cells. The primary structures of two muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) species, designated as mAChR I and mAChR II, have been elucidated by cloning and sequence analysis of DNAs complementary to the porcine cerebral and cardiac messenger RNAs, respectively. mAChR I and mAChR II expressed in Xenopus oocytes differ from each other both in acetylcholine-induced response and in antagonist binding properties. These results, together with the differential tissue location of the two mAChR mRNAs, have indicated that pharmacologically distinguishable subtypes of the mAChR represent distinct gene products. The primary structures of two additional mammalian mAChR species, designated as mAChR III and mAChR IV, have subsequently been deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the cloned cDNAs or genomic DNAs. We report here that mAChR I and mAChR III expressed in NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells, but not mAChR II and mAChR IV, efficiently mediate phosphoinositide hydrolysis, activation of a Ca2+-dependent K+ current and inhibition of the M-current, a voltage-dependent K+ current sensitive to muscarinic agonists.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
/************************************************************* * * MathJax/localization/cy/HTML-CSS.js * * Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The MathJax Consortium * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. * */ MathJax.Localization.addTranslation("cy","HTML-CSS",{ version: "2.7.2", isLoaded: true, strings: { } }); MathJax.Ajax.loadComplete("[MathJax]/localization/cy/HTML-CSS.js");	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Q: mavenでビルドしたapache-tikaのサンプルコードがエラーになる javaとmavenの超初心者です。 Mavenを利用してapache-tikaの簡単なサンプルコードを実行させようとしましたが以下のようなエラーとなりました > java -jar target\tika-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar エラー: メイン・クラスne.katch.Appを初期化できません原因: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/tika/exception/TikaException どこかで初歩的なミスを犯しているのだとと思います。ご指摘をいただけたらと思います。環境 C:\>Users\yasu_>mvn -v Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd中略883f) Maven home: C:\maven\bin\.. Java version: 13.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: C:\jdk-13.0.1 Default locale: ja_JP, platform encoding: MS932 OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "windows" Mavenプロジェクトの生成 C:\>Users\yasu_>mvn archetype:generate （後略） C:\>Users\yasu_>mvn validate [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< ne.katch:tika-app >-------------------------- [INFO] Building tika-app 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 0.156 s [INFO] Finished at: 2020-05-09T18:10:01+09:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ pom.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>ne.katch</groupId> <artifactId>tika-app</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>tika-app</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tika</groupId> <artifactId>tika-core</artifactId> <version>1.24.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tika</groupId> <artifactId>tika-parsers</artifactId> <version>1.24.1</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> <configuration> <archive> <manifest> <addClasspath>true</addClasspath> <mainClass>ne.katch.App</mainClass> </manifest> </archive> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project> サンプルコード package ne.katch; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.StringWriter; import org.apache.tika.Tika; import org.apache.tika.exception.TikaException; public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { try { Tika tika = new Tika(); System.out.println(tika.parseToString(new File("C:\\sample.pdf"))); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TikaException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } mavenでのビルド c:\Users\yasu_\tika-app>mvn package [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------------< ne.katch:tika-app >-------------------------- [INFO] Building tika-app 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:resources (default-resources) @ tika-app --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory c:\Users\yasu_\tika-app\src\main\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:compile (default-compile) @ tika-app --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to c:\Users\yasu_\tika-app\target\classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:testResources (default-testResources) @ tika-app --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory c:\Users\yasu_\tika-app\src\test\resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ tika-app --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to c:\Users\yasu_\tika-app\target\test-classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.1:test (default-test) @ tika-app --- [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] T E S T S [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Running ne.katch.AppTest [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.065 s - in ne.katch.AppTest [INFO] [INFO] Results: [INFO] [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0 [INFO] [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:3.0.2:jar (default-jar) @ tika-app --- [INFO] Building jar: c:\Users\yasu_\tika-app\target\tika-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 7.051 s [INFO] Finished at: 2020-05-09T18:27:04+09:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ jarファイルの実行 c:\Users\yasu_\tika-app>java -jar target\tika-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar エラー: メイン・クラスne.katch.Appを初期化できません原因: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/tika/exception/TikaException A: 依存ライブラリーも含めて実行可能jarをつくりたいということであれば、Maven Assembly Pluginなどを使う必要がありますね。このページがなんかが分かりやすいですかね。 https://www.shookuro.com/entry/2018/03/03/172556 【参考】Apache Maven Assembly Plugin https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/index.html	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Satmar Rabbi in Kiryas Joel – Speaking in Code Satmar Rabbi Aaron Teitlebaum Speaking in Riddles to His Followers… Reporting to Civil Authorities Will Lead to Excommunication May 22, 2016 This past Saturday, May 21, 2016, Rabbi Aaron Teitlebaum, the Satmar Rabbi of Kiryas Joel, called an urgent meeting of members of his community (the men) to discuss the events surrounding the death of Rabbi Yitzchak Rosenberg (zl). During that meeting Rabbi Teitlebaum acknowledged that he had been, and will be again paid a visit by the FBI. He in riddles but in very certain terms stated that these visits are based upon outlandish ‘tales’ told by members of his community and then misconstrued by social media and the press. Rabbi Teitlebaum held the meeting on Shabbat; but was very cognizant that perhaps there was someone in his own ‘Kehilah’ (community) who might be taping something. This is, as he acknowledged, despite a religious prohibition against the use of electronics. The tone was one of mistrust; and his comments were tempered and encoded to provide his community, his children, with a clear warning: “I do not trust you.” Rabbi Teitlebaum commented that everything they say eventually winds up reaching the press; and sent a stern warning to members of his community not to speak with outsiders. He levied threats. He postulated that whomever it is in his Satmar community who might be taping his speech (informants), and who may be speaking to the FBI or otherwise ‘telling tales,’ would no longer be welcomed in the community. Rabbi Teitlebaum wanted his community to be clear that any member who chooses to involve the civil authorities in personal Satmar events would be ex-communicated, at best, [and something more nefarious at worst]. We have posted a partial translation of his speech from Yiddish to Hebrew, which was posted in a Hebrew Newspaper name, loosely translated, the “Secret Rooms.” bhol.co.il We will not even begin to try and translate the Hebrew into English because it would be an effort in futility, even for a speaker of all three of the languages. It is clear from the timing of the speech, from the references to certain passages in the bible and from the underlying riddles and tone that this was not a discussion to be taken lightly. 3 thoughts on “Satmar Rabbi in Kiryas Joel – Speaking in Code” Your reporting here is incoherent. What exactly did he say or not say? What is he afraid of? That a principal did some semi-molestation seen on the video? No skin off his back? He must be afraid of some real corruption, totaling in the tens of millions, that he squirreled away in Swiss Banks… and like Al Capone, that could be the only thing they’ll ever get him as the omerta in KJ all these years was airtight. Only now are cracks appearing…	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Tissue specific gene expression is central to the development of complex eukaryotes. This project addresses the long term goal of understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the tissue-specific expression of the zein family of maize seed storage protein genes. Molecular and genetic analyses have shown that the developmental and tissue-specific expression of zeins is dependent on the trans-acting regulatory locus, opaque-2 (o2). Our research has demonstrated that the product of this locus is a regulatory protein belonging to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) class of eukaryotic transcription factors. We have shown that O2 affects the expression of only certain members of this gene family through recognition of a specific binding site (the O2 box) in promoters of 22-kD zein genes. From characterizations of mutant o2 alleles, analyses of DN4 binding properties, and assays of transcriptional activation in yeast and maize cells, it appears that the capacity of O2 to bind to specific zein promoters in vivo is influenced by interactions with other endosperm proteins. As part of our efforts to understand how these proteins may affect the activity of O2, we have cloned the cDNAs encoding two proteins that, like O2, bind the O2 box in a sequence specific manner. One of these encodes a bZIP protein that forms DNA-binding heterodimers with O2. We intend to characterize these proteins as to their possible interaction with O2 in regulating zein gene expression. In addition, the question will be addressed as to what regulates the expression and activity of O2 in maize endosperm. We have determined that O2 is multiply phosphorylated in vivo, with phosphorylation affecting DNA binding. We will determine if this phosphorylation is influenced by the carbon-nitrogen balance or by availability of nitrogen or sulfur. This study may establish an important link between nutrient availability and storage protein gene activation. These studies will also include an analysis of O2 promoter activity in transgenic plants to identify regulatory elements important to the developmental expression of O2. Finally, new mutant alleles of O2 will be generated by transposon mediated mutagenesis to identify domains in this regulatory protein. The knowledge gained from these studies will not only contribute to our basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying seed storage protein gene expression, but should also provide insight into the general mechanism by which eukaryotes control the process of tissue specific gene expression.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Basophilic crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia: case report and literature review in Japan. A 37-year-old female with Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia developed basophilic crisis 11 months after diagnosis of the disease. Splenomegaly was absent throughout most of the course. The survival duration from the blastic crisis was 5.5 months. Eleven cases in Japanese literature are reviewed.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Agonist specific effects of guanine nucleotides on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat anterior pituitary membranes. The effects of guanine nucleotides on the binding affinity of muscarinic cholinergic receptors for muscarinic agents were studied in rat anterior pituitary membranes using direct ligand binding methods with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate, GTP and Gpp(NH)p at a concentration of 0.1 mM markedly decreased the binding affinity of the agonist, oxotremorine, for the receptors but had no effect on the binding of the antagonist, atropine. Mg2+ (1 mM) on the other had markedly increased the binding affinity of oxotremorine but not that of atropine. Thus, it is conceivable that the release of the growth hormone or the inhibition of prolactin release by acetylcholine, which we and others have previously shown, is modulated by the opposite actions of guanine nucleotides and divalent metal ions such as Mg2+.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Donald Trump will not become US president because the voters realise it is a serious job, Barack Obama said. Mr Obama contrasted the reality of being president with the rhetoric on the campaign trail, saying doing the job is not like hosting a reality show or a talk show. The president was speaking after hosting a summit with south-east Asian leaders, and warned that foreign observers are "troubled" by the Republican primaries and debates. Mr Obama said other countries count on the US to side with science and common sense, and he criticised Republican presidential candidates for harsh talk about Muslims and immigration and for questioning climate change. Expand Close U.S. President Barack Obama speaks about the death of Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia during a statement delivered in Rancho Mirage, California February 13, 2016. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque REUTERS / Facebook Twitter Email Whatsapp U.S. President Barack Obama speaks about the death of Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia during a statement delivered in Rancho Mirage, California February 13, 2016. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque Read More He said: "This is not just Mr Trump." Mr Obama predicted that US voters will "make a sensible choice in the end". Mr Trump hit back, saying the president's prediction that he will not be elected to the White House "actually is a great compliment". The billionaire developer outlined his complaints about Mr Obama's presidency, saying: "You look at our budgets, you look at our spending, we can't beat ISIS. Obamacare is terrible ... Our borders are like Swiss cheese." Answering questions at a campaign event at a school in Beaufort, South Carolina, he said Mr Obama "has done such a bad job, he's set us back so far, that for him to say that actually is a great compliment". Mr Trump added that Mr Obama was "lucky I didn't run last time, when Romney ran, because you would have been a one-term president". PA Media	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} {-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-} {-# LANGUAGE StrictData #-} {-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-} -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html module Stratosphere.ResourceProperties.DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule where import Stratosphere.ResourceImports import Stratosphere.ResourceProperties.DLMLifecyclePolicyCreateRule import Stratosphere.ResourceProperties.DLMLifecyclePolicyCrossRegionCopyRule import Stratosphere.ResourceProperties.DLMLifecyclePolicyFastRestoreRule import Stratosphere.ResourceProperties.DLMLifecyclePolicyRetainRule import Stratosphere.ResourceProperties.Tag -- \| Full data type definition for DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule. See -- 'dlmLifecyclePolicySchedule' for a more convenient constructor. data DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule = DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCopyTags :: Maybe (Val Bool) , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCreateRule :: Maybe DLMLifecyclePolicyCreateRule , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCrossRegionCopyRules :: Maybe [DLMLifecyclePolicyCrossRegionCopyRule] , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleFastRestoreRule :: Maybe DLMLifecyclePolicyFastRestoreRule , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleName :: Maybe (Val Text) , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleRetainRule :: Maybe DLMLifecyclePolicyRetainRule , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleTagsToAdd :: Maybe [Tag] , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleVariableTags :: Maybe [Tag] } deriving (Show, Eq) instance ToJSON DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule where toJSON DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule{..} = object $ catMaybes [ fmap (("CopyTags",) . toJSON) _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCopyTags , fmap (("CreateRule",) . toJSON) _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCreateRule , fmap (("CrossRegionCopyRules",) . toJSON) _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCrossRegionCopyRules , fmap (("FastRestoreRule",) . toJSON) _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleFastRestoreRule , fmap (("Name",) . toJSON) _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleName , fmap (("RetainRule",) . toJSON) _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleRetainRule , fmap (("TagsToAdd",) . toJSON) _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleTagsToAdd , fmap (("VariableTags",) . toJSON) _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleVariableTags ] -- \| Constructor for 'DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule' containing required fields -- as arguments. dlmLifecyclePolicySchedule :: DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule dlmLifecyclePolicySchedule = DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCopyTags = Nothing , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCreateRule = Nothing , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCrossRegionCopyRules = Nothing , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleFastRestoreRule = Nothing , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleName = Nothing , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleRetainRule = Nothing , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleTagsToAdd = Nothing , _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleVariableTags = Nothing } -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html#cfn-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule-copytags dlmlpsCopyTags :: Lens' DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule (Maybe (Val Bool)) dlmlpsCopyTags = lens _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCopyTags (\s a -> s { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCopyTags = a }) -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html#cfn-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule-createrule dlmlpsCreateRule :: Lens' DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule (Maybe DLMLifecyclePolicyCreateRule) dlmlpsCreateRule = lens _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCreateRule (\s a -> s { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCreateRule = a }) -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html#cfn-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule-crossregioncopyrules dlmlpsCrossRegionCopyRules :: Lens' DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule (Maybe [DLMLifecyclePolicyCrossRegionCopyRule]) dlmlpsCrossRegionCopyRules = lens _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCrossRegionCopyRules (\s a -> s { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleCrossRegionCopyRules = a }) -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html#cfn-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule-fastrestorerule dlmlpsFastRestoreRule :: Lens' DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule (Maybe DLMLifecyclePolicyFastRestoreRule) dlmlpsFastRestoreRule = lens _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleFastRestoreRule (\s a -> s { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleFastRestoreRule = a }) -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html#cfn-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule-name dlmlpsName :: Lens' DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule (Maybe (Val Text)) dlmlpsName = lens _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleName (\s a -> s { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleName = a }) -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html#cfn-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule-retainrule dlmlpsRetainRule :: Lens' DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule (Maybe DLMLifecyclePolicyRetainRule) dlmlpsRetainRule = lens _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleRetainRule (\s a -> s { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleRetainRule = a }) -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html#cfn-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule-tagstoadd dlmlpsTagsToAdd :: Lens' DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule (Maybe [Tag]) dlmlpsTagsToAdd = lens _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleTagsToAdd (\s a -> s { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleTagsToAdd = a }) -- \| http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule.html#cfn-dlm-lifecyclepolicy-schedule-variabletags dlmlpsVariableTags :: Lens' DLMLifecyclePolicySchedule (Maybe [Tag]) dlmlpsVariableTags = lens _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleVariableTags (\s a -> s { _dLMLifecyclePolicyScheduleVariableTags = a })	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
“This,” said New York Times media writer David Carr, interviewing actor Oliver Platt, “is like a little baby bird of a film festival.” The metaphor was apt. Opening on the very day the well-known 11th Tribeca Film Festival wrapped, the fledgling Montclair Film Festival, which has been discussed and organized and dreamed about for two years, finally cracked open its shell. The opening night crowd of 500 seemed almost like parents at a piano recital — anxious to laugh at every joke and applaud every speaker and let all the organizers know that yes, they had done a very good job. “The Oranges,” directed by Julian Farino, and boasting an ensemble cast that included Hugh Laurie and Allison Janney in addition to Oliver Platt, is a comedy set in West Orange, N.J. about two close families that implode over an extramarital affair. Janney is especially hilarious as a controlling middle-aged mom. If the audience was disappointed that, aside from an opening shot of a West Orange sign, the other locations seemed off (the Essex Fells Motel? Puh-leeze!), they mostly kept their disappointment in check. Although the film turned out to have been shot in New Rochelle, Carr did his best in the Q&A afterwards to keep it local by asking Platt which tunnel he’d taken to get from Manhattan to Montclair (Lincoln), and festival programmer Thom Powers — before dismissing the audience to the reception — reminded filmgoers their parking tickets would be validated, “something we love in New Jersey.” Photo by Michael Reitman Celebrities included rocker Dave Matthews, whose film company ATO Pictures distributed “The Oranges,” Stephen Colbert, who got off from work too late to make the film but managed to get there in time for the party, and of course Platt. Evelyn Colbert was a driving force behind the festival. When fellow baristas Georgette Gilmore, Kristen Kemp and I cornered Colbert, he made gracious small talk, told us he was a reader (!) and mentioned how important it was to grow up in a town with an arts festival. Then he quipped, “You’ll know it’s a real film festival when the filmmakers start having affairs with each other.” Late in the reception, Bob Feinberg, the festival’s founder, told me the opening night was almost exactly as he’d pictured it. “I thought about a banner across Bloomfield Avenue and I thought about all the signs and about doing an opening night in this theater,” Feinberg said. “I didn’t think about Dave Matthews, but that’s a nice plus.” The six-day festival will run 49 events altogether and utilize the services of 263 volunteers. Eighteen events are already sold out. Tickets are still available for Wednesday night’s tribute to film star Kathleen Turner. Featured Comment Bare bones is a good description of the Aldi. It follows a Costco model of not usually carrying competing brands, so there's usually just one choice for any product type. But it does have good prices, and it accepts WIC transactions.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Queen of MeanÂ” Michelle Obama has forced out another White House staffer Â– the First FamilyÂ’s personal chef! Kitchen magician Sam Kass got fed up with MichelleÂ’s snippy comments and told the Obamas to take his apron and shove it, insiders told The â€¨National ENQUIRER. Â“He just couldnÂ’t take it Â– the relentless nitpicking, over petty little details that drove him insane. She thinks sheÂ’s Marie Antoinette!Â” a White House insider told The ENQUIRER. Â“It has nothing to do with SamÂ’s cooking, which is superb. But you could be Wolfgang Puck and Michelle wouldnÂ’t be happy. SheÂ’ll find some reason... The executive pastry chef has given notice that he's leaving the White House in June after more than seven years of dessert-making. He plans to move to New York to teach about eating healthier, and join his husband... Yosses has said he was dubbed "The Crust Master" by President Barack Obama, who had a weakness for just about any fruit pie the chef turned out. Last Thanksgiving, for example, the Obama family and guests had their choice of six varieties of Yosses' pies - huckleberry, pecan, chocolate cream, sweet potato, banana cream or coconut cream. At Christmas, the roughly 300-pound... <p>FORMER PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON ON NOT CAPTURING BIN LADEN: 'At least I tried. That's the difference between me and some, including all the right wingers. They ridicule me for trying. They had eight months to try, they did not try. I tried. So I tried and failed'...</p> The president continues his working vacation in Crawford, Texas, with the esteemed Mrs. Bush. I haven't found new photos of them for today, but there are a few of other administration officials and employees. A new White House Chef has been hired: Chef Cristeta 'Cris' Comerford from the Philippines, who was hired to "give the White House menus a lighter, more American flair." Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld is in Latin America for three days; he is in Paraguay for two days. Welcome to Sanity Island! WACO, Texas - Kitchen duties may have traditionally been viewed as women's work, but not at the White House. Until now: Cristeta Comerford has been named executive chief. After an extensive six-month search, first lady Laura Bush announced Sunday that Comerford was chosen from hundreds of applicants to head the executive kitchen. A naturalized U.S. citizen from the Philippines, she will be the first woman and first minority to hold the post. The 42-year-old Comerford has been an assistant chef at the White House for 10 years. She worked under former executive chef Walter Scheib III, who resigned in February. Hail to the chef: Former White House pastry guru shares his sweet secretsImagine spending almost 25 years in the White House pastry kitchen as the executive pastry chef for five presidents and first families, doing your work surrounded by pounds of butter, chocolate, cream, fresh fruits and sugar. While the job may sound like a dessert lover's dream, it's not always as sweet as it seems. Just ask French-born patissier Roland R. Mesnier, who retired last July. Lately he's been traveling throughout the country promoting his first cookbook, "Dessert University" (Simon & Schuster; $40), which took four years to write... If there's one thing Americans won't abide in a White House chef, it's rude behavior. And acting snooty with First Lady Laura Bush over her tastes is just about as rude as it gets. "We've been trying to find a way to satisfy the first lady's stylistic requirements, and it has been difficult. Basically, I was not successful in my attempt," Walter Scheib III was quoted as saying, snootily, just after he was fired. Scheib Three said he would soon get a new job. "I'm not going to be running the local pancake house," he said, his nose in the... Fancy state dinners aren't all the new White House chef will need to do -- the Bushes are looking for someone who knows barbecue and other good old American fare. Laura Bush told Newsweek she doesn't expect that any of the celebrity chefs with books or television shows will be interested in becoming head chef at the presidential home. But she's looking to fill the job with someone who "can really showcase American foods." The previous White House chef, Walter Scheib III, has left to pursue new opportunities after nearly 11 years of cooking for two presidents, and the first... WASHINGTON - Fancy state dinners aren't all the new White House chef will need to do — the Bushes are looking for someone who knows barbecue and other good old American fare. Laura Bush told Newsweek she doesn't expect that any of the celebrity chefs with books or television shows will be interested in becoming head chef at the presidential home. But she's looking to fill the job with someone who "can really showcase American foods." The previous White House chef, Walter Scheib III, has left to pursue new opportunities after nearly 11 years of cooking for two presidents, and... Job constraints, politics make White House unappetizing to many Bay Area food stars - The White House is shopping for a new chef. But despite the Bay Area's national status as a culinary capital, no one really expects the search to focus here. "I don't think they'll be calling,'' says renowned chef Nancy Oakes of Boulevard in San Francisco. "I think my name is on a list of fund-raisers for John Kerry.'' Even food, it seems, comes in red and blue. The idea of going to the White House drew guffaws from many local chefs, staunch Democrats who say they...	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Introduction ============ Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein, which is mainly secreted from monocytes and macrophages in humans ([@b1-or-40-06-3392]--[@b3-or-40-06-3392]). It is associated with inflammation and malignant neoplasms ([@b4-or-40-06-3392]--[@b5-or-40-06-3392]). Blood resistin levels are demonstrated to be increased in certain cancer patients compared with healthy controls, including esophageal squamous cancer, gastric, colorectal, breast and endometrial cancer, and malignant lymphoma ([@b6-or-40-06-3392]--[@b12-or-40-06-3392]). Resistin is considered to be a risk factor for breast cancer ([@b9-or-40-06-3392],[@b13-or-40-06-3392]) and biomarker of disease progression of esophageal squamous cancer, gastric and colorectal cancer ([@b6-or-40-06-3392]--[@b8-or-40-06-3392]). It is an independent prognostic factor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ([@b5-or-40-06-3392]). Resistin can promote prostate cancer cell proliferation through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145 ([@b14-or-40-06-3392]). However, most of the reported studies only demonstrated the association between serum or plasma resistin and malignancy. Few reports measured the level of resistin expression in cancer tissues, even though it is less well studied and controversial in lung cancer. Certain reports demonstrated a higher concentration of resistin in the blood was demonstrated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with the controls ([@b15-or-40-06-3392]--[@b17-or-40-06-3392]). One of the reports assessed resistin expression in the marginal area of lung cancer tissue and non-cancer region by immunofluorescence staining in 10 cases ([@b17-or-40-06-3392]). Another revealed that blood resistin levels were similar between cancer group and non-cancer group ([@b18-or-40-06-3392]). Furthermore, the clinical significance and biological function remain largely unknown. However, lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with higher morbidity and poorer prognosis ([@b19-or-40-06-3392]--[@b20-or-40-06-3392]). The most common form of lung cancer is NSCLC, which includes lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. At present, lung adenocarcinoma replaces squamous carcinoma as the dominating type of NSCLC. The aim of the present study is to determine the resistin expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, clinical significance and biological function in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods ===================== ### Patients and tissue samples A total of 70 consecutive cases of newly diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma patients at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (Tianjin, China) from January to December 2008, with complete clinical and pathological data, were selected retrospectively in the present study and followed up for at least five years. Paired cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples, which were located more than 1 cm away from the tumor, were obtained through open surgeries. The paraffin-embedded tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and confirmed lung as adenocarcinoma again. The clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were recorded. The tumor staging of NSCLC was defined according to the tumor, node and metastasis system. The study was comprised of 70 cases of lung adenocarcinoma (38 male cases, 32 female cases), with an average age of 61 years old (36--77 years old). All patients received treatments (including operation, chemotherapy or radiotherapy), which conformed to the guidelines of NSCLC. ### Immunohistochemistry For immunohistochemical staining, 5-µm paraffin-embedded tissue sections were heated for 1 h at 70°C, deparaffinized with a xylene soak, followed by rehydration via the addition of alcohol at decreasing concentrations (100, 95, 85 and 75%) for 5 min/step. A 96°C water-bath was used for antigen retrieval in 0.01 mol/l sodium citrate buffer (10 mM, pH 6.0) for 20 min. Next, endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched by incubation in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 15 min at room temperature. Subsequently, slides were blocked with goat serum (cat. no. ZLI-9022; OriGene Technologies, Inc., Beijing, China; 1:1) at 37°C in a wet box for 30 min and then incubated by the primary antibody (rabbit polyclonal antibody against human resistin; cat. no. BS7730; Bioworld Technology, Inc., St. Louis Park, MN, USA; 1:100) overnight at 4°C in moist chambers. Following washing with 0.01 mol/L PBS (pH 7.2) three times, slides were incubated with a biotinylated secondary rabbit anti-mouse antibody (cat. no. PV-6000; OriGene Technologies, Inc.; 1:1) for 25 min at 37°C. Following incubating in horseradish peroxidase marked streptomycin avidin working fluid at 37°C for 30 min, slides were treated with avidin biotin-peroxidase complex using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine as a chromogen, and then counterstained with hematoxylin for 30 sec at room temperature and examined by light microscopy (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). PBS was used as a negative control instead of a primary antibody. ### Evaluation of immunohistochemical staining Existing tan or brown particles in the nucleus or cytoplasm indicated positive cells, which must conform to the following conditions: i) The cellular structure was clear; ii) the location of positive granules was accurate; iii) staining was significantly increased compared with the background. In a 400× high power filed, randomly selected from 10 different cancer cell fields of view, the percentage of (a) positively stained cells was calculated as follows: 0--5% positive cells, score 0; 6--25% positive cells, score 1; 26--50% positive cells, score 2; 51--75% positive cells, score 3; 76--100% positive cells, score 4. Then, the (b) staining intensity was evaluated: Colorless, score 0; light yellow, score 1; deep yellow and tan, score 2; brown, score 3. The expression of resistin was based on the product of (a) × (b): Score 0, negative (−); score 1--4, weakly positive (+); score 5--8, positive (++); score 9--12, strongly positive (+++). (−) and (+) were regarded as low expression group, (++) and (+++) were categorized as the high expression group ([Fig. 1A](#f1-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). The result of each specimen was independently evaluated by two qualified and expert pathologists, blinded to the patients\' clinical data. The few cases with discordant results were reevaluated and final scores were consensual. ### Cell culture Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1975 were obtained from the Committee of Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). The cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO~2~. Cells were divided according to transfection of overexpression resistin plasmid for the resistin group and empty vector for the control group. ### Transfection and isolation of stable transfectants Lipofectamine™ 2000 Reagent (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), endo-free maxiplasmid kit (Tiangen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China); pcDNA3.1-(+)/resistin plasmids were established by OriGene Technologies, Inc. (cat. no. RC210942) and the primers were as follows: Forward primer, 5′-CCCACCGAGAGGGATGAAAG-3′ and reverse primer, 5′-CAGTGACATGTGGTCTCGGC-3′; forward primer, 5′-CAGCTCACCATGGATGATGATATC-3′ and reverse primer, 5′-AAGCCGGCCTTGCACAT-3′ (β-actin). A fragment of the rat resistin cDNA fragment (285 bp) was inserted at the unique EcoRI site in the anti-sense orientation as determined by sequencing. The final concentration of resistin was 100 nM. A total of 2×10^6^ A549 and H1975 cells grown in 60 mm Petri dishes were transfected with 10 µg of the recombinant plasmid using lipofectamine, as described by the supplier (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). A total of 24 h later, fresh RPMI-1640 media containing 10% FBS was added and replaced 48 h later. Monoclonal cells were selected with NeoR. Then the cells were cultured for 24 h following transfection. ### Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) Total RNA was extracted from the cells by TRIzol (cat. no. 15596026; Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) according to the manufacturer\'s protocol. Prime Script RT reagent kit (DRR037A; Takara Bio, Inc., Otsu, Japan) were used for cDNA generation (42°C for 30--60 min, 70°C for 15 min). RT-qPCR was performed with Super Real PreMix (cat. no. FP204-01; Tiangen Biotech, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) by the following program: 95°C for 3 min in 1 cycle; 95°C for 5 sec, 58°C for 30 sec, and 72°C for 30 sec in 35 cycles. To ensure the DNA production, a melting curve analysis was performed according to ABI Step One system. The relative gene expression was normalized to the internal standard β-actin using 2^−ΔΔCq^ method ([@b4-or-40-06-3392],[@b17-or-40-06-3392],[@b21-or-40-06-3392]). The primers are 5′-TGGAGTGCCAGAGCGTCACCT-3′ (forward) and 5′-ACTGGCAGTGACATGTGGTCTC-3′ (reverse). ### Western blotting Western blotting was used to verify successful transfection. Whole cell extracts of A549 and H1975 were prepared with a CellLytic™ M reagent (cat. no. C2978; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), the protein was quantified by a Bicinchoninic acid (Pierce; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) assay. Then, the protein samples (50 µg) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE. The samples were blocked with goat serum (cat. no. ZLI-9022; OriGene Technologies, Inc.; 1:1) for 60 min at room temperature and detected by western blotting using rabbit polyclonal resistin antibody (cat. no. BS7730; Bioworld Technology, Inc.; 1:500), mouse anti-β-actin (cat. no. ab8226; Abcam, Cambridge, UK; 1:1,000), mouse anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; cat. no. ab29; Abcam; 1:500), rabbit anti-Ki67 (cat. no. ab16667; Abcam; 1:1,000), rabbit polyclonal to caspase-3 (cat. no. ab13847; Abcam; 1:500), rabbit monoclonal to caspase-7 (cat. no. ab32522; Abcam; 1:1,000), mouse anti-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 (cat. no. ab37150; Abcam; 1:1,000) and mouse anti-MMP9 (cat. no. ab38898; Abcam; 1:1,000) monoclonal antibodies at 4°C overnight, and the secondary antibody was goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase (cat. no. ZDR-5306; ZSGB-BIO; OriGene Technologies, Inc.; 1:10,000) for rabbit polyclonal resistin antibody, rabbit anti-Ki67, rabbit polyclonal to caspase-3, rabbit monoclonal to caspase-7 or goat anti-mouse IgG(H+L)-HRP (cat. no. LK2003; Tianjin Sungene Biotech Co., Ltd.; 1:5,000) for mouse anti-β-actin, mouse anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen, mouse anti-MMP2 and mouse anti-MMP9 monoclonal antibodies. The gray values (cat. no. C8420; Coomassie brilliant blue G-250, Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) were analyzed by using the Odyssey V3.0 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). ### Cell proliferation assay by colony formation A549 and H1975 Cells were cultured in 6-well plates, 300 cells/well prior to being fixed in methyl hydrate room temperature for 10 min. Then the colonies were stained by 1% Crystal Violet Staining Solution at room temperature for 5 min and counted with a light microscope (Inverted microscope; Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). ### MTT assay MTT assay was also used to observe and compare cell proliferation ability of A549 and H1975. A total of 2×10^3^ cells were plated into a well of 96-well plates and 10 ml, 5 mg/ml MTT was added to each well and continued to culture for 4 h. Then following dimethyl sulfoxide addition, the plates were placed on a microplate autoreader (Bio-Rad, Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, USA). Optical density was read at 570 nm wavelength and cell growth curves were determined according to the optical density value. ### Apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry The A549 and H1975 cells were dosed 24 h following plating and then tested according to the protocol of Biolegend kit (cat. no. 640906, Biolegend, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Cells were resuspended in Annexin V binding buffer at a concentration of 10^6^ cells/ml. Following transferring 100 µl cell suspension to 5 ml test tube, 5 ml of Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and 10 µl of propidium iodide solution were added to the cell suspension. A total of 400 µl binding buffer was added to each tube 15 min later, the apoptosis was analyzed using a flow cytometer (CytExpert analysis software 2.0; Beckman Coulter, Inc., Brea, CA, USA). ### Cell scratch assays The A549 and H1975 cells were seeded to full confluence in 6-well plates overnight. A scratch was introduced in the middle of the well with a sterile pipette tip the following day. The medium was discarded and replaced. The rate of migration towards the center of the wound was determined using calipers in the image under a light microscope 48 h later. ### Cell invasion assays The invasion assays were performed with an 8.0-µm pore inserts in a 24-well Transwell chambers (Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA). The A549 and H1975 cells (2×10^5^/well) and Dulbecco\'s modified Eagle\'s medium were added to the upper chamber of Transwell coated with Matrigel (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, CA, USA). The RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS was added to the lower chamber and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Cells that had migrated to the bottom of the filter were stained with a three-step stain kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at room temperature for 5 min. The cells were counted by light microscope from each chamber. A total of 5 fields of view were counted. ### Xenografts assays in vivo All surgery was performed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. A total of 3% sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection was used. Athymic BALB/c nude mice (16 female, aged 5 weeks, 25 g) were provided by Slac Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Mice were housed in a pathogen-free animal facility at 18--29°C. The humidity is 40--70%. The mice had access to food and water with 12-h light/dark cycle. They were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the A549 cell groups described above. There were 8 mice/group. A total of 0.1 ml serum-free RPMI-1640 with 2×10^6^ cells were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of each mouse. The control mice were injected with stable A549 cell lines transfected with empty vector. The tumors were measured by vernier caliper on day 14, 17, 21, 23, 26 and 29. Mice were sacrificed at 29 days post inoculation. The final volume of tumor tissues was calculated with the following equation: Tumor volume (mm^3^) = tumor length (mm) × tumor width (mm) × tumor height (mm)/2. ### Statistical analysis Each experiment was repeated three times. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 software (IBM, Corps., Armonk, NY, USA). The Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation of resistin expression with clinicopathological variables. Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival analysis and evaluate the differences between survival curves by log-rank test. The hazard ratio and confidence interval was calculated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression model. The experiments\' results in vitro and in vivo were recorded as the mean ± standard deviation. A student\'s two-sided t-test was used to compare values of test and control samples. P\<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results ======= ### The expression of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma tissues Lung adenocarcinoma tissues exhibited different levels of resistin expression and adjacent normal lung tissues/non-cancer tissues stained negative. A total of 41.4% of cancer tissues demonstrated high resistin expression (58.6% demonstrated low resistin expression; [Table I](#tI-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="table"}). The expression of resistin was different between ≤65 and \>65 years, tumor size ≤3 and \>3 cm, non-lymph node metastasis and lymph node metastasis as well as early stage and advanced stage ([Table I](#tI-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="table"}). ### The association between resistin expression and clinicopathological characteristics The expression of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly, positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node status and clinical stage (P\<0.05) and significantly, negatively correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS; P\<0.01). There is no correlation with age at diagnosis, smoking, drinking, body mass index (BMI) and blood type ([Table II](#tII-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="table"}). ### Survival analysis Increased PFS and OS were observed in the patients with low resistin expression and low expression groups as determined by the log-rank test. Comparing the low resistin expression group with the high one, the prognosis of the former was improved (P\<0.01; [Fig. 1B](#f1-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"} and [1C](#f1-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). Survival analysis demonstrated that factors were significantly associated with PFS and OS, including smoking, age, lymph node status, resistin expression, clinical stage and chemoradiotherapy (P\<0.05). The last three one were independent risk factors of PFS and OS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma ([Table III](#tIII-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="table"}). ### The influence of resistin on biological behavior of A549 and H1975 cell lines To test the influence of resistin on biological behavior of A549 and H1975 cell lines, the resistin overexpression cell lines was established through resistin plasmids. Although the expression of resistin in the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was demonstrated, in the reported studies, the level of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and chondrosarcoma cells was low ([@b17-or-40-06-3392],[@b21-or-40-06-3392]). The results of western blotting also indicated that the bands of resistin in cell lines A549 and H1975 were weak. In addition, one study reported that the resistin gene was transfected into the PC-3 cells to assess the effect of overexpression of resistin in prostate cancer cell line PC-3 ([@b14-or-40-06-3392]). Same as above, the lung adenocarcinoma cells are not resisitin-dominant expression cells and secretory cells, the resistin level using overexpression was manipulated rather than being knocked-down in A549 cells and H1975 cells. The level of resistin was detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting in A549 and H1975 cell lines, which demonstrated a significantly increased level compared with the control (P\<0.05; [Fig. 2](#f2-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). Then, colony formation and MTT assays were performed to test the proliferation of A549 and H1975 cells, and the results demonstrated that compared with the control cells, stable overexpressed resistin cells obviously increased the ability of proliferation in vitro ([Fig. 3A and B](#f3-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). Furthermore, to investigate the mechanism, the expression level of proliferation-associated proteins including PCNA and Ki67 were tested, and the results demonstrated that the protein expression of PCNA and Ki67 significantly increased in the group resistin compared with the control (P\<0.05; [Fig. 3C and D](#f3-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that resistin could regulate the proliferation by increasing the associated proteins including Ki67 and PCNA in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to detect alterations in cell apoptosis and the results indicated that the resistin overexpressing A549 and H1975 cells demonstrated significantly decreased apoptotic ability (P\<0.05; [Fig. 4A](#f4-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). Furthermore, the results were confirmed by detecting the level of the apoptosis associated proteins, including caspase-3 and caspase-7. A significantly decreased level in the resistin overexpression group was demonstrated compared with the control group (P\<0.05; [Fig. 4B and C](#f4-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). In addition, a scratch test and Transwell invasion assay was used to detect alterations in cell migration and invasion. The results were as follows: Compared with the control cells, the resistin overexpression cells demonstrated significantly reduced scratches and more invading cells through the membrane (P\<0.05; [Fig. 5A and B](#f5-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). Resistin promoted A549 and H1975 cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, to investigate the mechanism of the above, the expression level of the proteins that reflect invasion and metastasis including MMP2 and MMP9 was tested. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was demonstrated to be significantly increased in the resistin group compared with the control (P\<0.05; [Fig. 5C and D](#f5-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). In summary, the results indicated that resistin could strengthen the invasive capacity of cancer cells by regulating the associated proteins including MMP2 and MMP9. The results above indicated that resistin could promote A549 and H1975 cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as suppress apoptosis in vitro. ### The promotional effect of resistin for lung cancer in vivo The biological roles of resistin in lung cancer tumorigenesis were further examined by xenograft studies in nude mice. A549 cells transfected with resistin plasmids or an empty vector were inoculated subcutaneously into the upper back of nude mice. Following four weeks the tumor volume of resistin group was significantly larger compared with the control group (P\<0.05), as presented in [Fig. 6A and B](#f6-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}. To validate the expression of resistin in mice tumors, immunoblotting analysis was performed. The results revealed that the resistin protein level was significantly increased in the resistin plasmids group (P\<0.05; [Fig. 6C](#f6-or-40-06-3392){ref-type="fig"}). Taken together, these indicated the tumorigenic effect of resistin in vivo. Discussion ========== In the present study, the resistin expression of 70 patients with lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Resistin expression was demonstrated to be increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal lung tissues. It was in accordance with previous reports that NSCLC patients exhibited a higher blood level of resistin in contrast to controls ([@b15-or-40-06-3392]--[@b17-or-40-06-3392]). Compared with the non-cancerous regions, Kuo et al ([@b17-or-40-06-3392]) also demonstrated a higher level of resistin in the marginal areas of human lung cancer tissue by immunofluorescence staining. It was also similar to that presented in cancer tissues of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer ([@b5-or-40-06-3392],[@b13-or-40-06-3392]--[@b14-or-40-06-3392],[@b22-or-40-06-3392]). It was also demonstrated that the expression of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma tissues increased as the size of tumor and clinical stage of the cancer progressed. The resistin level was increased in patients with lymph node metastasis compared with the ones without lymph node metastasis. As well as in breast cancer tissues, the resistin expression was positively associated with tumor stage, tumor size and lymph node status ([@b13-or-40-06-3392],[@b23-or-40-06-3392]). In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, resistin expression was strongly and positively associated with tumor stage ([@b5-or-40-06-3392]). The blood level of resistin was also elevated with progression in tumor stage in patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer ([@b7-or-40-06-3392],[@b24-or-40-06-3392]). In general, resistin is correlated with poor clinicopathological status. It was also demonstrated that there was no correlation of resistin expression with sex, age at the point of diagnosis, smoking, drinking and blood type in patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the present study. To summarize the existing reports, resistin was associated with sex in certain types of cancer, which mainly occurred in females, including breast cancer and endometrial cancer ([@b10-or-40-06-3392],[@b11-or-40-06-3392]); but in certain cancer that mainly occurs in males, resistin level demonstrated no significant sex differences, including esophageal ([@b6-or-40-06-3392]), gastric ([@b7-or-40-06-3392],[@b25-or-40-06-3392]--[@b26-or-40-06-3392]), colorectal ([@b1-or-40-06-3392]--[@b2-or-40-06-3392],[@b8-or-40-06-3392],[@b27-or-40-06-3392]--[@b28-or-40-06-3392]) and pancreatic cancer ([@b29-or-40-06-3392]). Karapanagiotou et al ([@b16-or-40-06-3392]) also demonstrated that serum resistin level was unassociated with sex, age and BMI in NSCLC patients. In the present study, the expression of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma tissues also demonstrated no sex differences prior to and following being divided into low and high expression groups. This may be due to there being no significant sex differences for resistin in lung adenocarcinoma patients; or that the morbidity of lung cancer is increasing annually in female in recent years, the difference between male and female is decreasing; or that the sample size is small in the present study. Further research with an expanded sample size is required. Nevertheless, resistin expression level exhibited a negative correlation with PFS and OS by bulk analysis. Increased PFS and OS were observed in the patients with low resistin expression (−/+) and in the low resistin expression groups (− to +). The prognosis of the low expression group was improved compared with the high one (++ to +++). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that resistin expression, clinical stage and chemoradiotherapy were independent prognostic factors of PFS and OS in the patients with lung adenocarcinoma. To a certain extent, this was in line with a few reports. Higher resistin expression in cancer tissues was associated to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients ([@b13-or-40-06-3392],[@b23-or-40-06-3392]). It may be an independent prognostic factor of breast cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ([@b5-or-40-06-3392],[@b13-or-40-06-3392]). With respect to lung cancer, one report demonstrated that the serum resistin levels exhibited a trend of association with time to relapse, but it was not a predictive factor for OS ([@b15-or-40-06-3392]). Another study reported that it was unconnected with diagnosis and prognosis ([@b16-or-40-06-3392]). However, the present study\'s results were mainly discussing resistin level within the tumor tissues. Most researchers believed that the levels of adipokine (including leptin, resistin and adiponectin) in blood circulation cannot accurately reflect their true levels in human body ([@b30-or-40-06-3392]--[@b31-or-40-06-3392]). Resistin level in cancer tissues or the tumor microenvironments was higher than in blood circulation and more closely correlated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression ([@b30-or-40-06-3392]--[@b31-or-40-06-3392]). It demonstrated that NSCLC cancer tissue-specificity and is more reliable than circulating level. Furthermore, a series of in vitro and in vivo assays were performed. Resistin overexpression was verified in A549 and H1975 cell lines, and could promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as inhibit apoptosis in vitro, and serve a tumorigenic function of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo. The present study demonstrated suggested that resistin may work by increasing proliferation associated proteins Ki67 and PCNA, while decreasing the apoptosis associated proteins caspase-3 and caspase-7. In 2015, it was demonstrated that resistin could promote chondrosarcoma metastasis and MMP2 expression through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/p38 signaling pathway and downregulation of microRNA-519d expression ([@b21-or-40-06-3392]). Consistent with the above study, it was demonstrated that resistin may promoted lung adenocarcinoma migration and invasion by increasing MMP2 and MMP9. Resisitin also promoted breast cancer progression via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling ([@b23-or-40-06-3392]). Recently resistin was reported to be strongly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Resistin promoted lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via TLR4/Src/epidermal growth factor receptor/PI3K/NF-κB pathway ([@b32-or-40-06-3392]). These studies have important referential significance and value for the potential molecular mechanisms of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma. There were certain limitations in the present study. First, the study only investigated adenocarcinoma and not other pathological subtypes of NSCLC. Nevertheless, lung adenocarcinoma is considered as the main type of NSCLC at present. One study reported that the serum level of resistin was not correlated to the histological type of NSCLC ([@b15-or-40-06-3392]). Furthermore, in the present study, the potential molecular mechanism was only investigated in vitro. In conclusion, the expression of resistin in pathological tissues and its association with corresponding clinicopathological data in 70 consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma was studied for the first time to the best of our knowledge. It was demonstrated that high resistin expression was predominantly observed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. It is associated with a more malignant clinicopathological status and poorer survival. Analysis demonstrates resistin expression is an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Resistin could promote A549 and H1975 cell proliferation, migration and invasion while inhibit their apoptosis in vitro. Resistin also serves a tumorigenic function in vivo. The present study will be helpful to make clear the exact role of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma. Not applicable. Funding ======= The present study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 81401957) and Tumor translational medicine seed fund of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (grant no. 1317). Availability of data and materials ================================== The data used during the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Authors\' contributions ======================= CCZ, JC, RFN and CGZ conceived and designed the study. CCZ, JC and YL collected the data. CCZ, JC and RFN performed the data analysis and interpretation. CCZ and JC wrote the manuscript and revised the important intellectual content. All authors edited and approved the final manuscript. Ethics approval and consent to participate ========================================== The research involving human samples and animal experiments had been approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Cancer Hospital (Tianjin, China). All experiments were conducted according to relevant national and international guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Patient consent for publication =============================== Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Competing interests =================== The authors declare that they have no competing interests. ###### The expression of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and its association with survival. (A) Immunohistochemical staining of lung adenocarcinoma tissues with a resistin antibody. The low and high expression of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma tissues are presented (magnification, ×100). High resistin expression indicated poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. (B) PFS a curves of 70 patients with different level of resistin expression are presented. The PFS curves of age, smoking, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage are presented. (C) OS curves of 70 patients with different level of resistin expression are presented. The OS curves of age, smoking, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage are presented. PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; Cum, cumulative; (−) and (+), low expression group, (++) and (+++), high expression group. ![](OR-40-06-3392-g00) ![](OR-40-06-3392-g01) ![](OR-40-06-3392-g02) ![The mRNA and protein expression levels of resistin in the established stable A549 and H1975 cell lines. According to whether cells had been transfected with an empty vector or overexpression resistin plasmid, cells were divided into the control group or resistin group, respectively. The resistin mRNA and protein level of the groups was detected by RT-q-PCR and western blotting. (A) The mRNA expression level of resistin was demonstrated by RT-q-PCR. (B) The protein expression level of resistin is presented by western blotting. \P\<0.05 vs. the control. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR.](OR-40-06-3392-g03){#f2-or-40-06-3392} ![Influence of resistin on the proliferation of A549 and H1975 cells. (A) Colony formation and (B) MTT arrays were performed to investigate the proliferation of tumor cells. The colony numbers and OD value in resistin group were higher compared with the controls. The expression of the proliferation associated proteins (C) PCNA and (D) Ki67 were analyzed by western blotting. \P\<0.05 vs. the control. OD, optical density; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen.](OR-40-06-3392-g04){#f3-or-40-06-3392} ![Influence of resistin on the cell apoptosis. (A) Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the number of apoptotic cells in the resistin group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. The results of western blotting demonstrated that the expression of the apoptosis associated proteins (B) caspase-3 and (C) caspase-7 were significantly decreased in the resistin group compared with the control group. \P\<0.05 vs. the control.](OR-40-06-3392-g05){#f4-or-40-06-3392} ![Influence of resistin on the migration and invasion of A549 and H1975 cells. (A) A scratch assay demonstrated that the width in resistin group was decreased. (B) Transwell assay was used to measure the invasion of tumor cells. Compared with the controls, the number of cells within the lower chamber in resistin group was significantly increased (magnification, ×400). The results of western blot demonstrated that the expression of (C) MMP2 and (D) MMP9 proteins was upregulated in the resistin group. \P\<0.05 vs. the control.](OR-40-06-3392-g06){#f5-or-40-06-3392} ![The enhancing effect of resistin for lung adenocarcinoma in vivo. (A) The tumors in different groups were harvested following 4 weeks. The tumor size of resistin group was notably larger compared with the controls. (B) The growth curve of tumors was recorded 14, 17, 21, 23, 26 and 29 days following the injection of cells. The tumors grew faster in the resistin group and the size of tumors was also larger compared with those in the control group. (C) Western blotting was performed to confirm the effect of resistin overexpression in tumor tissues of nude mice. These results indicated the tumorigenic effect of resistin in vivo. \*P\<0.05 vs. the control.](OR-40-06-3392-g07){#f6-or-40-06-3392} ###### Difference of resistin expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathological characteristics All (n=70) Low expression (n=41) High expression (n=29) χ^2^ P-value ------------------------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------------------ ------- --------- Sex 0.721 0.396 Male 32 17 15 Female 38 24 14 Age at diagnosis (years) 9.587 0.002 ≤65 46 33 13 \>65 24 8 16 Smoking 0.170 0.681 Yes 39 22 17 No 31 19 12 Drinking 0.059 0.808 Yes 23 13 10 No 47 28 19 Tumor size (cm) 3.934 0.047 ≤3 34 24 10 \>3 36 17 19 Lymph node metastasis 4.749 0.029 Yes 28 12 16 No 42 29 13 Clinical stage 6.346 0.012 Early stage (I--II) 39 28 11 Advanced stage (III--IV) 31 13 18 ###### Correlation of resistin expression and clinicopathological characteristics. The expression of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma tissues ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- --------- -------- --------- Sex −0.036 0.768 −0.101 0.403 Age 0.199 0.099 −0.216 0.072 Smoking 0.191 0.425 0.049 0.686 Drinking 0.021 0.861 0.029 0.811 Blood type −0.158 0.192 −0.097 0.425 Body mass index −0.106 0.384 −0.077 0.527 Tumor size 0.307 0.010 0.237 0.048 Lymph node status 0.261 0.029 0.260 0.029 Clinical stage 0.408 \<0.001 0.394 0.001 PFS −0.419 \<0.001 −0.379 0.001 OS −0.429 \<0.001 −0.416 \<0.001 PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival. ###### Univariate and multivariate analysis of PFS and OS. PFS OS ----------------------- --------- ------- -------------- --------- --------- ------- -------------- ------- Sex 0.385 0.584 Drinking 0.536 0.617 Smoking 0.029 1.022 0.496--2.104 0.954 0.040 0.826 0.408--1.671 0.594 Age at diagnosis 0.001 1.595 0.835--3.045 0.157 0.002 1.190 0.597--2.370 0.621 Tumor size 0.019 1.725 0.936--3.176 0.080 0.016 1.659 0.860--3.198 0.131 Lymph node metastasis \<0.001 1.603 0.868--2.960 0.132 0.001 1.612 0.831--3.129 0.158 Clinical stage \<0.001 2.349 1.268--4.352 0.007 \<0.001 2.028 1.075--3.826 0.029 Resistin expression 0.002 1.856 1.003--3.436 0.049 0.007 1.895 1.005--3.574 0.048 Chemoradiotherapy \<0.001 0.059 0.013--0.256 \<0.001 \<0.001 0.027 0.004--0.210 0.001 PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. [^1]: Contributed equally	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }
Core Jackson Roll This is a wonderful round bolster-style, fiber-filled support pillow. It is versatile- use at home or when traveling, for tv watching or sleeping. With firmer support at the ends, it is really comfortable and provides great support!	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
<?php /** * @author Lajos Molnár <lajax.m@gmail.com> * * @since 1.0 / namespace lajax\translatemanager\models; use Yii; /* * This is the model class for table "language_translate". * * @property string $id * @property string $language * @property string $translation * @property LanguageSource $LanguageSource * @property Language $language0 / class LanguageTranslate extends \yii\db\ActiveRecord { /* * @var int Number of translated language elements. / public $cnt; /* * @inheritdoc / public static function getDb() { $dbMessageSources = Yii::getObjectVars(Yii::$app->i18n->getMessageSource('DbMessageSource')); return $dbMessageSources['db']; } /* * @inheritdoc / public static function tableName() { $dbMessageSources = Yii::getObjectVars(Yii::$app->i18n->getMessageSource('DbMessageSource')); return isset($dbMessageSources['messageTable']) ? $dbMessageSources['messageTable'] : '{{%message}}'; } /* * @inheritdoc / public function rules() { return [ [['id', 'language'], 'required'], [['id'], 'integer'], [['id'], 'exist', 'targetClass' => '\lajax\translatemanager\models\LanguageSource'], [['language'], 'exist', 'targetClass' => '\lajax\translatemanager\models\Language', 'targetAttribute' => 'language_id'], [['translation'], 'string'], [['language'], 'string', 'max' => 5], ]; } /* * @inheritdoc / public function attributeLabels() { return [ 'id' => Yii::t('model', 'ID'), 'language' => Yii::t('model', 'Language'), 'translation' => Yii::t('model', 'Translation'), ]; } /* * Returnes language object by id and language_id. If not found, creates a new one. * * @param int $id LanguageSource id * @param string $languageId Language language_id * * @return LanguageTranslate * * @deprecated since version 1.2.7 / public static function getLanguageTranslateByIdAndLanguageId($id, $languageId) { $languageTranslate = self::findOne(['id' => $id, 'language' => $languageId]); if (!$languageTranslate) { $languageTranslate = new self([ 'id' => $id, 'language' => $languageId, ]); } return $languageTranslate; } /* * @return array The name of languages the language element has been translated into. / public function getTranslatedLanguageNames() { $translatedLanguages = $this->getTranslatedLanguages(); $data = []; foreach ($translatedLanguages as $languageTranslate) { $data[$languageTranslate->language] = $languageTranslate->getLanguageName(); } return $data; } /* * Returns the language element in all other languages. * * @return LanguageTranslate[] / public function getTranslatedLanguages() { return static::find()->where('id = :id AND language != :language', [':id' => $this->id, 'language' => $this->language])->all(); } /* * @staticvar array $language_names caching the list of languages. * * @return string / public function getLanguageName() { static $language_names; if (!$language_names \|\| empty($language_names[$this->language])) { $language_names = Language::getLanguageNames(); } return empty($language_names[$this->language]) ? $this->language : $language_names[$this->language]; } /* * @return \yii\db\ActiveQuery * * @deprecated since version 1.4.5 / public function getId0() { return $this->hasOne(LanguageSource::className(), ['id' => 'id']); } /* * @return \yii\db\ActiveQuery / public function getLanguageSource() { return $this->hasOne(LanguageSource::className(), ['id' => 'id']); } /* * @return \yii\db\ActiveQuery */ public function getLanguage0() { return $this->hasOne(Language::className(), ['language_id' => 'language']); } }	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Camille Norment Camille Norment (born 1970 in Silver Spring, Maryland) is an Oslo-based multimedia artist who works with sound, installation, sculpture, drawing, performance and video. Norment also works as a musician and composer. She performs with Vegar Vårdal and Håvard Skaset in Camille Norment Trio. Education and career Norment studied interactive technologies at New York University and literary science and history of art at the University of Michigan. In the late 1990s, Norment worked at Interval Research, a research and development technology laboratory co-founded by Paul Allen and David Liddle. There, she worked on haptically manipulating media, among other projects. In 2015 the Office for Contemporary Art Norway (OCA) selected her to represent Norway in the Nordic Pavilion at the Venice Biennale, where she presented her work "Rapture". Additionally, Norment has completed several commissioned works to public spaces, amongst others the sound installation "Within the Toll" (2011) for Henie Onstad Kunstsenter and her 2008 work "Triplight", which in 2013 was featured at the entrance of the MoMA exhibition "Soundings: A Contemporary Score." In 2017 Camille Norment presented a solo exhibition at Oslo Kunstforening. This constituted her first solo presentation in Norway. Public art "Dead Room", 2000, The Project, New York. "Triplight", 2008, September Gallery, Berlin, Germany "Within the Toll", 2011, Henie Onstad Kunstsenter Musical work Within the Camille Norment Trio, Norment notably plays the glass armonica, electric guitar, and the Hardanger fiddle. Her own armonica is composed of 24 glass bowls ranging two octaves. Norment has described the sound of the armonica as "...extremely visceral. It's a very pure crystalline sound." References External links Official website Category:21st-century women artists Category:1970 births Category:Living people Category:New York University alumni Category:University of Michigan alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wheel of the Year The Wheel of the Year is an annual cycle of seasonal festivals, observed by many modern Pagans, consisting of the year's chief solar events (solstices and equinoxes) and the midpoints between them. While names for each festival vary among diverse pagan traditions, syncretic treatments often refer to the four solar events as "quarter days" and the four midpoint events as "cross-quarter days", particularly in Wicca. Differing sects of modern Paganism also vary regarding the precise timing of each celebration, based on distinctions such as lunar phase and geographic hemisphere. Observing the cycle of the seasons has been important to many people, both ancient and modern. Contemporary Pagan festivals that rely on the Wheel are based to varying degrees on folk traditions, regardless of actual historical pagan practices. Among Wiccans, each festival is also referred to as a sabbat (), based on Gerald Gardner's claim that the term was passed down from the Middle Ages, when the terminology for Jewish Shabbat was commingled with that of other heretical celebrations. Contemporary conceptions of the Wheel of the Year calendar were largely influenced by mid-20th century British Paganism. Origins Historical and archaeological evidence suggests ancient pagan and polytheist peoples varied in their cultural observations; Anglo-Saxons celebrated the solstices and equinoxes, while Celts celebrated the seasonal divisions with various fire festivals. In the 10th century Cormac Mac Cárthaigh wrote about "four great fires...lighted up on the four great festivals of the Druids...in February, May, August, and November." The contemporary Neopagan festival cycle, prior to being known as the Wheel of the Year, was influenced by works such as The Golden Bough by James George Frazer (1890) and The Witch-Cult in Western Europe (1921) by Margaret Murray. Frazer claimed that Beltane (the beginning of summer) and Samhain (the beginning of winter) were the most important of the four Gaelic festivals mentioned by Cormac. Murray used records from early modern witch trials, as well as the folklore surrounding European witchcraft, in an attempt to identify the festivals celebrated by a supposedly widespread underground pagan religion that had survived into the early modern period. Murray reports a 1661 trial record from Forfar, Scotland, where the accused witch (Issobell Smyth) is connected with meetings held "every quarter at Candlemas, Rud−day, Lambemas, and Hallomas." In The White Goddess (1948) Robert Graves claimed that, despite Christianization, the importance of agricultural and social cycles had preserved the "continuity of the ancient British festal system" consisting of eight holidays: "English social life was based on agriculture, grazing, and hunting" implicit in "the popular celebration of the festivals now known as Candlemas, Lady Day, May Day, Midsummer Day, Lammas, Michaelmas, All-Hallowe'en, and Christmas; it was also secretly preserved as religious doctrine in the covens of the anti-Christian witch-cult." By the late 1950s the Bricket Wood coven led by Gerald Gardner and the Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids led by Ross Nichols had both adopted eight-fold ritual calendars, in order to hold more frequent celebrations. Popular legend holds that Gardner and Nichols developed the calendar during a naturist retreat, where Gardner argued for a celebration of the solstices and equinoxes while Nichols argued for a celebration of the four Celtic fire festivals, and combined the two ideas into a single festival cycle. Though this coordination eventually had the benefit of more closely aligning celebrations between the two early Neopagan groups, Gardner's first published writings omit any mention of the solstices and equinoxes, focusing exclusively on the fire festivals. Gardner initially referred to these as "May eve, August eve, November eve (Hallowe'en), and February eve." Gardner further identified these modern witch festivals with the Gaelic fire festivals Beltene, Lugnasadh, Samhuin, and Brigid. By the mid-1960s, the phrase Wheel of the Year had been coined to describe the yearly cycle of witches' holidays. Aidan Kelly gave names to the summer solstice (Litha) and equinox holidays (Ostara and Mabon) of Wicca in 1974, and these were popularized by Timothy Zell through his magazine Green Egg. Popularization of these names happened gradually; in her 1978 book Witchcraft For Tomorrow influential Wiccan Doreen Valiente did not use Kelly's names, instead simply identifying the solstices and equinoxes ("Lesser Sabbats") by their seasons. Valiente identified the four "Greater Sabbats", or fire festivals, by the names Candlemas, May Eve, Lammas, and Hallowe'en, though she also identified their Irish counterparts as Imbolc, Beltane, Lughnassadh, and Samhain. Due to early Wicca's influence on Modern Paganism and the syncretic adoption of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic motifs, the most commonly used English festival names for the Wheel of the Year tend to be the Celtic ones introduced by Gardner and the mostly Germanic-derived names introduced by Kelly, even when the celebrations are not based on those cultures. The American Ásatrú movement has adopted, over time, a calendar in which the Heathen major holidays figure alongside many Days of Remembrance which celebrate heroes of the Edda and the Sagas, figures of Germanic history, and the Viking Leif Ericson, who explored and settled Vinland (North America). These festivals are not, however, as evenly distributed throughout the year as in Wicca and other Heathen denominations. Festivals In many traditions of modern Pagan cosmology, all things are considered to be cyclical, with time as a perpetual cycle of growth and retreat tied to the Sun's annual death and rebirth. This cycle is also viewed as a micro- and macrocosm of other life cycles in an immeasurable series of cycles composing the Universe. The days that fall on the landmarks of the yearly cycle traditionally mark the beginnings and middles of the four seasons. They are regarded with significance and host to major communal festivals. These eight festivals are the most common times for community celebrations. While the "major" festivals are usually the quarter and cross-quarter days, other festivals are also celebrated throughout the year, especially among the non-Wiccan traditions such as those of polytheistic reconstructionism and other ethnic traditions. In Wiccan and Wicca-influenced traditions, the festivals, being tied to solar movements, have generally been steeped in solar mythology and symbolism, centered on the life cycles of the sun. Similarly, the Wiccan esbats are traditionally tied to the lunar cycles. Together, they represent the most common celebrations in Wiccan-influenced forms of Neopaganism, especially in contemporary Witchcraft groups. Winter Solstice (Yule) Midwinter, known commonly as Yule or within modern Druid traditions as Alban Arthan, has been recognised as a significant turning point in the yearly cycle since the late Stone Age. The ancient megalithic sites of Newgrange and Stonehenge, carefully aligned with the solstice sunrise and sunset, exemplify this. The reversal of the Sun's ebbing presence in the sky symbolizes the rebirth of the solar god and presages the return of fertile seasons. From Germanic to Roman tradition, this is the most important time of celebration. Practices vary, but sacrifice offerings, feasting, and gift giving are common elements of Midwinter festivities. Bringing sprigs and wreaths of evergreenery (such as holly, ivy, mistletoe, yew, and pine) into the home and tree decorating are also common during this time. In Roman traditions additional festivities take place during the six days leading up to Midwinter. Imbolc (Candlemas) The cross-quarter day following Midwinter falls on the first of February and traditionally marks the first stirrings of spring. It aligns with the contemporary observance of Groundhog Day. It is time for purification and spring cleaning in anticipation of the year's new life. In Rome, it was historically a shepherd's holiday, while the Celts associated it with the onset of ewes' lactation, prior to birthing the spring lambs. For Celtic pagans, the festival is dedicated to the goddess Brigid, daughter of The Dagda and one of the Tuatha Dé Danann. Among Reclaiming tradition Witches, this is the traditional time for pledges and rededications for the coming year and for initiation among Dianic Wiccans. Spring Equinox (Ostara) Derived from a reconstruction produced by linguist Jacob Grimm of an Old High German form of the Old English goddess name Ēostre, Ostara marks the vernal equinox in some modern Pagan traditions. Known as Alban Eilir, meaning Light of the Earth, to modern Druid traditions, this holiday is the second of three spring celebrations (the midpoint between Imbolc and Beltane), during which light and darkness are again in balance, with light on the rise. It is a time of new beginnings and of life emerging further from the grips of winter. Beltane (May Eve) Traditionally the first day of summer in Ireland, in Rome the earliest celebrations appeared in pre-Christian times with the festival of Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers, and the Walpurgisnacht celebrations of the Germanic countries. Since the Christianisation of Europe, a more secular version of the festival has continued in Europe and America, commonly referred to as May Day. In this form, it is well known for maypole dancing and the crowning of the Queen of the May. Celebrated by many pagan traditions, among modern Druids this festival recognizes the power of life in its fullness, the greening of the world, youthfulness and flourishing. Summer Solstice (Litha) Midsummer is one of the four solar holidays and is considered the turning point at which summer reaches its height and the sun shines longest. Among the Wiccan sabbats, Midsummer is preceded by Beltane, and followed by Lammas or Lughnasadh. Some Wiccan traditions call the festival Litha, a name occurring in Bede's The Reckoning of Time (, 8th century), which preserves a list of the (then-obsolete) Anglo-Saxon names for the twelve months. (first or preceding ) roughly corresponds to June in the Gregorian calendar, and (following ) to July. Bede writes that "Litha means gentle or navigable, because in both these months the calm breezes are gentle and they were wont to sail upon the smooth sea". Modern Druids celebrate this festival as Alban Hefin, "Light of Summer." The sun in its greatest strength is greeted and celebrated on this holiday. While it is the time of greatest strength of the solar current, it also marks a turning point, for the sun also begins its time of decline as the wheel of the year turns. Arguably the most important festival of the Druid traditions, due to the great focus on the sun and its light as a symbol of divine inspiration. Druid groups frequently celebrate this event at Stonehenge. Lughnasadh (Lammas) Lammas or Lughnasadh () is the first of the three Wiccan harvest festivals, the other two being the autumnal equinox (or Mabon) and Samhain. Wiccans mark the holiday by baking a figure of the god in bread and eating it, to symbolise the sanctity and importance of the harvest. Celebrations vary, as not all Pagans are Wiccans. The Irish name Lughnasadh is used in some traditions to designate this holiday. Wiccan celebrations of this holiday are neither generally based on Celtic culture nor centered on the Celtic deity Lugh. This name seems to have been a late adoption among Wiccans. In early versions of Wiccan literature the festival is referred to as August Eve. The name Lammas (contraction of loaf mass) implies it is an agrarian-based festival and feast of thanksgiving for grain and bread, which symbolises the first fruits of the harvest. Christian festivals may incorporate elements from the Pagan Ritual. Autumn Equinox (Mabon) The holiday of the autumnal equinox, Harvest Home, Mabon, the Feast of the Ingathering, or (in Neo-Druid traditions), is a modern Pagan ritual of thanksgiving for the fruits of the earth and a recognition of the need to share them to secure the blessings of the Goddess and the God during the coming winter months. The name Mabon was coined by Aidan Kelly around 1970 as a reference to , a character from Welsh mythology. Among the sabbats, it is the second of the three Pagan harvest festivals, preceded by Lammas / Lughnasadh and followed by Samhain. Samhain (Hallowe'en) Samhain () is considered by Wiccans to be one of the four Greater Sabbats. Samhain is considered by some as a time to celebrate the lives of those who have passed on, and it often involves paying respect to ancestors, family members, elders of the faith, friends, pets, and other loved ones who have died. Aligned with the contemporary observance of Halloween and Day of the Dead. In some rituals the spirits of the departed are invited to attend the festivities. It is seen as a festival of darkness, which is balanced at the opposite point of the wheel by the festival of Beltane, which is celebrated as a festival of light and fertility. Many Pagans believe that at Samhain the veil between this world and the afterlife is at its thinnest point of the whole year, making it easier to communicate with those who have left this world. Minor festivals In addition to the eight major holidays common to most modern Pagans, there are a number of minor holidays during the year to commemorate various events. Germanic Some of the holidays listed in the "Runic Era Calender" of the Ásatrú Alliance: Vali's Blot, celebration dedicated to the god Váli and to love — 14 February Feast of the Einherjar, celebration to honor kin who died in battle — 11 November Ancestors' Blot, celebration of one's own ancestry or the common ancestors of a Germanic ethnicity — 11 November Yggdrasil Day, celebration of the world tree Yggdrasil, of the reality world it represents, of trees and nature — 22 April Winterfinding, celebration which marks the beginning of winter, held on a date between Haustblot and Winternights (mid-October) Summerfinding, celebration which marks the beginning of summer, held on a date between Ostara and Walpurgis Night (mid-April) Practice Celebration commonly takes place outdoors in the form of a communal gathering. Dates of celebration The precise dates on which festivals are celebrated are often flexible. Dates may be on the days of the quarter and cross-quarter days proper, the nearest full moon, the nearest new moon, or the nearest weekend for secular convenience. The festivals were originally celebrated by peoples in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Consequently, the traditional times for seasonal celebrations do not agree with the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere or near the equator. Pagans in the Southern Hemisphere often advance these dates by six months to coincide with their own seasons. Offerings Offerings of food, drink, various objects, etc. have been central in ritual propitiation and veneration for millennia. Modern Pagan practice strongly avoids sacrificing animals in favour of grains, herbs, milk, wines, incense, baked goods, minerals, etc. The exception being with ritual feasts including meat, where the inedible parts of the animal are often burned as offerings while the community eats the rest. Sacrifices are typically offered to gods and ancestors by burning them. Burying and leaving offerings in the open are also common in certain circumstances. The purpose of offering is to benefit the venerated, show gratitude, and give something back, strengthening the bonds between humans and divine and between members of a community. Narratives Celtic It is a misconception in some quarters of the Neopagan community, influenced by the writings of Robert Graves, that historical Celts had an overarching narrative for the entire cycle of the year. While the various Celtic calendars include some cyclical patterns, and a belief in the balance of light and dark, these beliefs vary between the different Celtic cultures. Modern preservationists and revivalists usually observe the four 'fire festivals' of the Gaelic Calendar, and some also observe local festivals that are held on dates of significance in the different Celtic nations. Slavic Slavic mythology tells of a persisting conflict involving Perun, god of thunder and lightning, and Veles, the black god and horned god of the underworld. Enmity between the two is initiated by Veles' annual ascent up the world tree in the form of a huge serpent and his ultimate theft of Perun's divine cattle from the heavenly domain. Perun retaliates to this challenge of the divine order by pursuing Veles, attacking with his lightning bolts from the sky. Veles taunts Perun and flees, transforming himself into various animals and hiding behind trees, houses, even people. (Lightning bolts striking down trees or homes were explained as results of this.) In the end Perun overcomes and defeats Veles, returning him to his place in the realm of the dead. Thus the order of the world is maintained. The idea that storms and thunder are actually divine battle is pivotal to the changing of the seasons. Dry periods are identified as chaotic results of Veles' thievery. This duality and conflict represents an opposition of the natural principles of earth, water, substance, and chaos (Veles) and of heaven, fire, spirit, order (Perun), not a clash of good and evil. The cosmic battle between the two also echoes the ancient Indo-European narrative of a fight between the sky-borne storm god and chthonic dragon. On the great night (New Year), two children of Perun are born, Jarilo, god of fertility and vegetation and son of the Moon, and Morana, goddess of nature and death and daughter of the Sun. On the same night, the infant Jarilo is snatched and taken to the underworld, where Veles raises him as his own. At the time of the spring equinox, Jarilo returns across the sea from the world of the dead, bringing with him fertility and spring from the evergreen underworld into the realm of the living. He meets his sister Morana and courts her. With the beginning of summer, the two are married bringing fertility and abundance to Earth, ensuring a bountiful harvest. The union of Perun's kin and Veles' stepson brings peace between two great gods, staving off storms which could damage the harvest. After the harvest, however, Jarilo is unfaithful to his wife and she vengefully slays him, returning him to the underworld and renewing enmity between Perun and Veles. Without her husband, god of fertility and vegetation, Morana – and all of nature with her – withers and freezes in the ensuing winter. She grows into the old and dangerous goddess of darkness and frost, eventually dying by the year's end only to be reborn again with her brother in the new year. Modern Wicca and Neo-druidism In Wicca, the narrative of the Wheel of the Year traditionally centres on the sacred marriage of the God and the Goddess and the god/goddess duality. In this cycle, the God is perpetually born from the Goddess at Yule, grows in power at the vernal equinox (as does the Goddess, now in her maiden aspect), courts and impregnates the Goddess at Beltane, reaches his peak at the summer solstice, wanes in power at Lammas, passes into the underworld at Samhain (taking with him the fertility of the Goddess/Earth, who is now in her crone aspect) until he is once again born from Her mother/crone aspect at Yule. The Goddess, in turn, ages and rejuvenates endlessly with the seasons, being courted by and giving birth to the Horned God. Many Wiccan, Neo-Druid, and eclectic Neopagans incorporate a narrative of the Holly King and Oak King as rulers of the waning year and the waxing year respectively. These two figures battle endlessly with the turning of the seasons. At the summer solstice, the Holly King defeats the Oak King and commences his reign. After the Autumn equinox the Oak King slowly begins to regain his power as the sun begins to wane. Come the winter solstice the Oak King in turn vanquishes the Holly King.After the spring equinox the sun begins to wax again and the Holly King slowly regains his strength until he once again defeats the Oak King at the summer solstice. The two are ultimately seen as essential parts of a whole, light and dark aspects of the male God, and would not exist without each other. The Holly King is often portrayed as a woodsy figure, similar to the modern Santa Claus, dressed in red with sprigs of holly in his hair and the Oak King as a fertility god. See also List of Neo-Pagan festivals and events Celtic calendar Gaelic calendar Welsh seasonal festivals Germanic calendar Runic calendar Hellenic calendars Attic calendar Ancient Macedonian calendar Roman calendar Roman festivals Ember days Medicine wheel—a metaphor for a variety of spiritual concepts in some Native American cultures. Solar terms—divisions of the year in China and East Asia References External links Ásatrú Alliance holidays Sacred Calendar of Asatru by Odin's Volk Norse Holidays and Festivals Seasons (astronomically) by Archaeoastronomy Guide to the Equinoxes and Solstices The Wheel of the Sun Year and Twelve Moon Months List of traditional Indo-European festivals Category:Neopagan holidays Category:Time in religion Category:Wicca cs:Sabat (wicca)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Immunostimulation with macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 increased survival in murine pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most prevalent causal pathogen identified in CAP. Impaired pulmonary host defense increases susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia. S. pneumoniae may up-regulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 expression and activate TLR-2, contributing to pneumococcus-induced immune responses. In the current study, the course of severe murine pneumococcal pneumonia after pulmonary TLR-2-mediated immunostimulation with synthetic macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) was examined. Intratracheal MALP-2 application evoked enhanced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release, resulting in recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), macrophages, and lymphocytes into the alveolar space in WT, but not in TLR-2-deficient mice. In murine lungs as well as in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549), MALP-2 increased TLR-2 expression at both mRNA and protein level. Blood leukocyte numbers and populations remained unchanged. MALP-2 application 24 hours before intranasal pneumococcal infection resulted in increased levels of CCL5 associated with augmented leukocyte recruitment, and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Clinically, MALP-2-treated as compared with untreated mice showed increased survival, reduced hypothermia, and increased body weight. MALP-2 also reduced bacteremia and improved bacterial clearance in lung parenchyma, as examined by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, pulmonary immunostimulation with MALP-2 before infection with S. pneumoniae improved local host defense and increased survival in murine pneumococcal pneumonia.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1} ============ The main goal of periodontal treatment is to control the inflammation in periodontal tissues and to regenerate the lost tissues predictably. To meet this goal it is critical to guide the tissues capable of regeneration.\[[@ref1][@ref2][@ref3]\] Guided tissue regeneration is an accepted method for enhancement of lost periodontal tissue. In this technique a barrier membrane is used to prevent epithelial cell migration and stabilization of the clot into the defect. This prevention results in the migration of periodontal ligament cells and osteoblasts into defect and these cells are known to be responsible for tissue regeneration.\[[@ref4]\] Different types of barrier membranes are introduced that had shown favorable results due to different studies.\[[@ref5]\] These membranes are different in composition and structure, but all of them prevent the migration of epithelial and gingival connective tissue cells into the defect and ideally, a barrier membrane should enhance the cell attachment and migration of the progenitor cells.\[[@ref5][@ref6][@ref7][@ref8][@ref9][@ref10]\] Wound healing is a complex process which includes cell migration, cell attachment to various extracellular matrix components, and cell proliferation.\[[@ref11][@ref12]\] Cell attachment process is a four-step sequence which includes adsorption of glycoproteins to the substrate surface, cell contact, attachment, and spreading.\[[@ref9][@ref10]\] Cell proliferation begins after these events.\[[@ref5]\] Tissue integration property ensures the stabilization of the wound and inhibits the migration of epithelial cells, which results in better gain of clinical attachment levels.\[[@ref13][@ref14][@ref15]\] According to their degradation characteristics, barrier membranes are divided into two groups of resorbable and non-resorbable membranes. Collagen is the most common material used as resorbable membranes.\[[@ref5]\] It facilitates hemostasis and wound stability by promotion of platelet aggregation along with fibroblast migration which accelerates wound closure,\[[@ref16][@ref17]\] but collagenous membranes are not stiff enough to resist soft tissue pressure during healing.\[[@ref16][@ref18]\] Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) is the main composition of non-resorbable membranes.\[[@ref19]\] Although their biocompatibility and positive effect on bone regeneration was shown, but a second surgery is required for their removal which may traumatize the newly formed immature periodontal tissue and causes patient discomfort and increases the treatment time and cost.\[[@ref20]\] Also, the membrane stiffness may result in tissue dehiscence which is the main reason of treatment failure 3 weeks after membrane placement and exposes the membrane which leads to bacterial infection and decrease in the levels of gained clinical attachment.\[[@ref21][@ref22][@ref23][@ref24]\] An alternative to an expanded PTFE membrane is a high-density polytetrafluroethylene (d-PTFE) membrane which is commercially available as TXT-200 and GBR-200. High-density polytetrafluroethylene membranes have small porosities, so bacterial contamination is eliminated and therefore there is no need of primary closure when they are being used and they can be left exposed to the oral cavity.\[[@ref25][@ref26][@ref27][@ref28]\] The acellular dermal matrix (Alloderm) was originally introduced in medicine for reconstructive plastic surgeries but is also used in dentistry in various periodontal procedures like root coverage and keratinized tissue augmentation around teeth and implants.\[[@ref29][@ref30][@ref31]\] It has many advantages, but the absence of cells and vessels makes tissue incorporation slower, therefore, attempts of culturing fibroblasts on Alloderm were performed to achieve early wound healing and decrease wound contraction in periodontium.\[[@ref32][@ref33][@ref34][@ref35]\] Fibroblasts play an important role in the healing process. It has been shown that the key factor in the success of regenerative treatment is the recruitment or delivery of cells to the defect site and the production of suitable extracellular matrix along with the periodontal tissues.\[[@ref36][@ref37]\] Introduction of specific cell adhesion molecules to the membrane surfaces may lead to specific tissue responses. Different growth factors and proteins have been introduced and one of them is enamel matrix derivatives. A commercially available product of enamel matrix derivatives is called Emdogain^®^ (EMD). It is an acidic extract of low molecular weight procine enamel proteins mainly amelogenin and a propylene glycol alginate vehicle.\[[@ref38][@ref39]\] Different studies showed that EMD enhances the adhesion, proliferation, and matrix production of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, stimulates cell growth, and production of insulin growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β1 in periodontal ligament cells although it has no appreciable effect on osteoblastic differentiation and has no effect on epithelial cells.\[[@ref37][@ref38]\] All of the described characteristics of EMD make it a suitable functional material for regenerative treatments. Therefore, its effects on cell adhesion to different materials were investigated in the present study. There was also no available study that had compared the fibroblast adhesion among TXT-200, GBR-200, Alloderm, and collagenous membrane (RTM Collagen, Cytoplast^®^) or the effect of EMD on fibroblast attachment to these common barrier membranes. The present study was performed to compare cell adhesion among the prementioned membranes and also to investigate the effect of EMD on gingival fibroblast attachment. MATERIALS AND METHODS {#sec1-2} ===================== For this experimental in vitro study, gingival fibroblast cells (NCBI Codece C165) were provided by Pasteur Institute of Iran. Cells were cultured in a culture flask and cultured in the presence of Dulbecco\'s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% Fetal Calf Serum and 100 μg/ml of penicillin, streptomycin, and amphotericin B. The flask was kept in 37°C in a 5% CO~2~ atmosphere in an incubator with humidity. The medium was changed twice a week. Cells were cultured for 3 weeks and passaged for five times. Four different barrier membranes were used in this study. Two non-resorbable dense polytetrafluoroethylene membranes GBR-200 (GBR1224, LOT: 2541) (Cytoplast®, Osteogenic Biomedical, Lubbock, TX, USA), TXT-200 (TXT1224, LOT: 3688) (Cytoplast®), RTM Collagen (RTM2030, LOT:C2030263) (Cytoplast®) and acellular dermal matrix (ADM, 302111, LOT: B42234) (Alloderm, Biohorizons, Birmingham, AL, USA). Each membrane was cut into two 6×6-mm pieces and washed with sterile saline solution according to the supplier\'s instructions. In RTM Collagen and ADM groups, membranes were washed with sterile saline solution until the protect paper was floating. A 48 wells culture plate was used in this experiment. Five groups of four close wells were selected. Four groups were used for membranes (each group containing four wells for each membrane). All of the membranes were adapted at the bottom of the selected group of wells. No membrane was added to the fifth group and it served as a control group to check the growth of seeded cells. 10 μg/mL of EMD (LOT: C2822, Emdogain®, Straumann, Malmö, Sweden) was added to two wells of each group (EMD+) and two wells were left without any EMD (EMD-). Cells were seeded at a density of 100,000 cell/well on the membranes. Plate was placed in a 37°C incubator with humidity and 5% CO~2~ atmosphere for 24 hours. The growth of seeded cells in the fifth group was evaluated by means of a light microscope. Then cells were washed four times with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) to remove non-adherent cells. The membranes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 hours, washed five times with distilled water for 20 minutes, treated with 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 hour, washed again five times with distilled water for 20 minutes and finally dehydrated through a series of graded ethanol solutions and left for 24 hours in room temperature to dry. To finish the process, they were coated with gold and analyzed with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (Hittachi s4160, Stanford, CA, USA). An operator not aware of the experimental set up analyzed the membranes with SEM. Each membrane was divided into four intellectual parts under SEM with ×300 magnifications and one image was taken from each part. Another two observers totally unaware of the experiment counted the cells on each image and if there was a difference, the least cell count was recorded. Data was analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and post hoc LSD test with SPSS18 (version 18;SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). P \< 0.05 in independent t-test analysis and P \< 0.001 in one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and post hoc LSD analysis was considered statistically significant. RESULTS {#sec1-3} ======= Figures [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}--[4](#F4){ref-type="fig"} illustrates the membranes in EMD- and EMD+ groups under SEM with ×300 magnifications and [Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"} shows the gained data after cell counting process by two observes. ![SEM illustration of GBR-200 membrane, a- EMD- group, b- EMD+ group](DRJ-11-429-g001){#F1} ![SEM illustration of TXT-200 membrane, a- EMD- group, b- EMD+ group](DRJ-11-429-g002){#F2} ![SEM illustration of RTM Collagen membrane, a- EMD- group, b- EMD+ group](DRJ-11-429-g003){#F3} ![SEM illustration of ADM, a- EMD- group, b- EMD+ group](DRJ-11-429-g004){#F4} ###### The mean of attached cells to membranes in EMD+ and EMD- groups ![](DRJ-11-429-g005) [Figure 5](#F5){ref-type="fig"} shows the mean of attached gingival fibroblasts to the barrier membranes used in this study in EMD+ and EMD- groups. ![Mean of attached cells to membranes in EMD+ and EMD- groups](DRJ-11-429-g006){#F5} Two-way ANOVA test showed the membrane type (P \< 0.001) and the presence of Emdogain (P = 0.04) affect the gingival fibroblast adhesion efficacy. The quality of cell adhesion to each membrane in EMD+ and EMD- groups was evaluated by independent t-test and it was shown that cell adhesion in GBR-200 was slightly higher in EMD- group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.060). On the other hand, cell adhesion to TXT-200 membrane was higher in EMD- group and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.020). Cell adhesion to RTM Collagen showed no significant difference between EMD+ and EMD- groups (P = 0.310). Unlike other membranes, ADM showed higher cell adhesion efficacy in EMD+ group and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.004). All of the above results are illustrated in [Figure 6](#F6){ref-type="fig"}. ![Mean of attached cells in EMD+ and EMD- groups to the studied membranes](DRJ-11-429-g007){#F6} One-way ANOVA also showed that ADM has the highest cell adhesion capacity in EMD+ group and the difference was statistically significant (P \< 0.001). It was also shown that in EMD- group gingival fibroblasts adhesion to TXT-200 and ADM is statistically significantly higher in comparison to GBR-200 and RTM Collagen (P \< 0.001). Post hoc LSD test was used to compare membranes two by two. As it is shown in [Figure 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}, this test revealed when EMD is present, cell adhesion to ADM is higher than GBR-200 (P \< 0.001), TXT-200 (P \< 0.001), and RTM Collagen (P \< 0.001). This test also showed when EMD is not present, cells significantly adhere to TXT-200 more than RTM Collagen (P \< 0.001) and GBR-200 (P \< 0.001). Also when EMD was not present, cell adhesion to TXT-200 was slightly higher than ADM, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.156). DISCUSSION {#sec1-4} ========== Tissue engineering represents very exciting advances in regenerative medicine; however, periodontal literature only contains few reports.\[[@ref40][@ref41][@ref42][@ref43][@ref44]\] ADM has been shown as an useful material in gingival augmentation.\[[@ref37]\] It has many advantages, but the absence of cells and vessels makes tissue incorporation slower.\[[@ref36]\] In an attempt to solve this problem, fibroblasts were cultured on Alloderm as an alternative to achieve early wound healing and decrease wound contraction in periodontium.\[[@ref32][@ref33][@ref34][@ref35]\] In this study, EMD was used to enhance the gingival fibroblast adhesion to different membranes including Alloderm. The highest cell efficacy in all of the studied groups belonged to TXT-200 in absence of EMD followed by ADM in the presence of EMD and then ADM in the absence of EMD. When EMD was not present, GBR-200 had slightly higher cell adhesion in comparison to the presence of EMD, but this difference was not significant (P = 0.060). Same happened to TXT-200, but the difference was significant (P = 0.02). Cell adhesion to RTM Collagen was slightly higher when EMD was present but the difference was not significant in comparison to the absence of EMD (P = 0.310). The difference in the cell adhesion efficacy when EMD is present can be related to its mitogenic properties. Bertl et al.\[[@ref45]\] observed that 0.1-50 μg/mL of EMD promotes cell migration in the wound healing process and it is inhibited at 100 μg/mL. Also, in other studies it was reported that the EMD with the concentration of 25 μg/mL and lower leads to better results,\[[@ref46][@ref47][@ref48]\] so in the present study the concentration of EMD was considered 10 μg/mL for the EMD+ groups. Hoang et al.\[[@ref49]\] had shown that under physiologically relevant conditions, amelogenin (the main composition of EMD) does not bind to collagen. Van der Pauw et al.\[[@ref48]\] declared that with collagen as a substratum, EMD has an inhibitory influence on periodontal ligament cells attachment and spreading. Lyngstadaas et al.\[[@ref50]\] found a five-fold increase in cell adhesion on plates coated with EMD. These conflicting results may be due to the higher concentration of EMD (500 μg/mL) which was used by these authors. In the present study, cell adhesion to RTM Collagenmembrane showed no significant difference in EMD+ and EMD- groups which was similar to some of the mentioned studies.\[[@ref49][@ref50]\] ADM which has a collagenous composition showed higher cell adhesion efficacy in the presence of EMD. This result was similar to Lyngstadaas et al.\[[@ref50]\] study but the concentration of EMD which was used in the present study (10 μg/mL) was different form theirs (500 μg/mL). It can be concluded that ADM, per se has a good cell adhesion efficacy. It is derived from human skin and is prepared by a controlled process that removes epidermis and the cells from the dermis but leaves the basement membrane and extracellular matrix organization and collagen and elastin fibers undamaged.\[[@ref29][@ref32]\] Although RTM Collagen is a collagenous membrane, but similarity of ADM structure to human skin may be the reason of its better cell adhesion efficacy in comparison with RTM Collagen. In EMD- groups, TXT-200 showed statistically higher cell adhesion in comparison to GBR-200 (P \< 0.001) but in the presence of EMD this difference was not significant (P = 0.118). Although their composition is the same and they are both made of dense polytetrafluoroethylene, but their surface texture is different. TXT-200 has a roughened surface that is caused by the presence of macro-porosities on its surface but GBR-200 lacks these porosities \[Figures [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} and [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}\]. It seems that EMD may cover the porosities of TXT-200and decrease the cell adhesion efficacy of this material. These results show that surface texture and material structure play an important role on the cell adhesion efficacy. Cell adhesion affects the tissue integrity efficacy of biomaterials and higher tissue integrity efficacy results in better gain of clinical attachment levels.\[[@ref13][@ref14][@ref15]\] CONCLUSION {#sec1-5} ========== Within the limits of the present study, it is shown that the membranes used in this study affect cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of gingival fibroblasts. Also, EMD may lower the cell adhesion efficacy of GBR-200, TXT-200, and RTM Collagen but it can promote this efficacy in ADM. When membranes are used without EMD, TXT-200 shows the highest cell adhesion efficacy followed by ADM without a statistically significant difference. This study also showed not only composition of biomaterials, but also their surface texture and internal structures may play an important role in their cell adhesion efficacy. The authors are grateful to Dr. Omid Moghaddas (Islamic Azad Dental School of Tehran, Iran) for his precious concepts and Dr. Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh, Dr. Farnaz Jafari and Eng. Mohammad Mohaghegh (Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran) for their cooperation in this study. Source of Support: Nil Conflict of Interest: None declared	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }
// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. package pkcs12 import ( "errors" "unicode/utf16" ) // bmpString returns s encoded in UCS-2 with a zero terminator. func bmpString(s string) ([]byte, error) { // References: // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7292#appendix-B.1 // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)#Basic_Multilingual_Plane // - non-BMP characters are encoded in UTF 16 by using a surrogate pair of 16-bit codes // EncodeRune returns 0xfffd if the rune does not need special encoding // - the above RFC provides the info that BMPStrings are NULL terminated. ret := make([]byte, 0, 2*len(s)+2) for _, r := range s { if t, _ := utf16.EncodeRune(r); t != 0xfffd { return nil, errors.New("pkcs12: string contains characters that cannot be encoded in UCS-2") } ret = append(ret, byte(r/256), byte(r%256)) } return append(ret, 0, 0), nil } func decodeBMPString(bmpString []byte) (string, error) { if len(bmpString)%2 != 0 { return "", errors.New("pkcs12: odd-length BMP string") } // strip terminator if present if l := len(bmpString); l >= 2 && bmpString[l-1] == 0 && bmpString[l-2] == 0 { bmpString = bmpString[:l-2] } s := make([]uint16, 0, len(bmpString)/2) for len(bmpString) > 0 { s = append(s, uint16(bmpString[0])<<8+uint16(bmpString[1])) bmpString = bmpString[2:] } return string(utf16.Decode(s)), nil }	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
The present invention relates to implantable tissue and, more particularly to a system and method for making a calotte-shaped sheath of implantable tissue. In various types of neurosurgery it is common to interpose a sheath of tissue between a patient""s brain and skull for dural substitution, such as for use in neurosurgical procedures. Typically the sheath is actual dura mater from a human cadaver that has been appropriately treated. Alternatively, a sheath of biocompatible tissue may be used. Because certain curved shapes are difficult to reproduce, a generally flat sheath of biocompatible tissue typically used. Therefore, a new approach is desirable that is able to produce curved implantable sheaths, such as generally semi-spherical (or calotte-shaped) sheaths. The present invention relates to system and method for making a calotte-shaped implantable sheath. A sheet of biological tissue, such as animal pericardium, is positioned onto a curved surface. A fixation solution is applied to a substantial portion of the tissue, as at least that portion is held generally flush against the curved surface. After the tissue has been appropriately fixed, peripheral portions of the sheath may be trimmed so as to form a calotte-shaped sheath of tissue suitable for implantation. The sheath conforms to the contour of the curved surface against which it was fixed. As a result, the sheath is able to conform to the shaped of a curved structure, such as an organ or brain, when implanted. One aspect of the present invention provides a system for creating a calotte-shaped implantable sheath. The system includes a curved tissue-engaging surface and means for holding a sheet of biological tissue against the tissue-engaging surface during fixation. A volume of a fixation solution is operable to fix at least a substantial portion of the tissue substantially to the shape of the tissue-engaging surface. Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for forming a calotte-shaped implantable sheath. A sheet of tissue is placed against a curved surface and fixed with a fixation solution while at least a substantial portion of the tissue is held against the curved surface so that at least that portion of the tissue conforms to the shape of the curved surface.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
Schizophrenia: A byproduct of the brain’s complex evolution? New genetic evidence, published in the journal Schizophrenia, suggests that the condition is an “unwanted side effect” of the evolution of the complex human brain. The human brain is complex, and in its equally complex evolution, schizophrenia may have come up as ‘an unwanted side effect.’ More and more studies have been illuminating the genetic components of schizophrenia, a condition that affects about 1 percent of the world’s population. The largest twin study of schizophrenia put 79 percent of the risk of the condition down to genes, while another believed that genetic mutations in the brain’s glial cells may be responsible for the disorder. Now, a new study conducted by three researchers from the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health in Parkville, Australia, finds genetic changes in a frontal brain area commonly linked with schizophrenia traits, supporting the theory that the condition may be an undesired side effect of the human brain’s evolution. Prof. Brian Dean, of Swinburne University’s Centre for Mental Health in Hawthorne, Australia, as well as the Florey Institute, is the new study’s corresponding author. Altered gene expression found in frontal pole Prof. Dean and colleagues conducted a postmortem examination of the brains of 15 people who had schizophrenia and 15 who did not. The scientists measured the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the frontal pole of the brain, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the cingulate cortex. Using mRNA levels, the researchers predicted genetic pathways “that would be affected by the changes in gene expression.” Schizophrenia risk gene plays key role in early brain development Scientists identify a risk gene for the condition. In the brains of people who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, the researchers found 566 instances of changes in genetic expression in the frontal pole of the brain and surrounding areas, which are regions known to be involved in schizophrenia-related traits. As the study authors explain, “The frontal pole is critical in maintaining the cognitive flexibility that underpins human reasoning and planning abilities,” which are two functions “that are impaired in individuals with [schizophrenia].” New genetic pathway uncovered The study also uncovered a genetic pathway in the brain’s so-called Brodmann area that comprised interactions between 97 genes. “A better understanding of changes in this pathway could suggest new drugs to treat the disorder,” says Prof. Dean. He goes on to explain the findings, saying, “It’s thought that schizophrenia occurs when environmental factors trigger changes in gene expression in the human brain.” Such potential environmental triggers for epigenetic changes include pregnancy and delivery complications, as well as psychosocial stressors such as growing up in a dysfunctional family. “Though this is not fully understood,” adds Prof. Dean, “our data suggest the frontal area of the brain is severely affected by such changes.” “There is the argument that schizophrenia is an unwanted side effect of developing a complex human brain and our findings seem to support that argument.” Prof. Brian Dean “A major finding of this study,” the authors continue, “is that […] no gene had altered levels of expression in all three regions of the cortex from subjects with [schizophrenia].” According to them, this means that in terms of gene expression, schizophrenia-related molecular changes are not uniform across the cortex. “These data also raise the possibility that the symptoms of [schizophrenia] that are thought to result from the dysfunction of different cortical regions could be due to changes in gene expression specific to the cortical region thought to be central to the genesis of a symptom,” they say.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
INDORE: In a grisly indicator of just how merciless the summer of 2019 is, 15 monkeys in ’s Punjapura Range have been killed after losing to another band of monkeys in a fight for control of a pond. This entire region has been baking in 45-plus heat for the past week. Denied water, these monkeys died as their organs shut down due to dehydration. Shocked, the forest department is carrying out a behavioural study of monkeys in the region and has made water arrangements for the group that lost the fight. A cowherd spotted the carcasses on Friday and rushed to the nearby beat office. The alarm went out and senior forest officers scrambled to the scene. Initial autopsy showed that all the monkeys died due to and consequent multi-organ failure. Foresters were puzzled because a pond was close by. Then, they saw a bigger band of monkeys, numbering 50-60, seemingly guarding the pond. “The water source was barely a few hundred meters from the cave where this group of monkeys lived. However, due to the dominance of another group, this group could not access the water source. To protect themselves from the heat, many monkeys entered the cave, but the rocks became hotter. Some of the weaker monkeys couldn’t get out of the cave, where they died,” DFO Dewas P N Mishra said. Forest officials have made provisions of water, and chickpeas for the defeated group. The carcasses were cremated, and viscera of some of the monkeys has been sent for forensic tests to Sagar to check for possible contagious infections. There are five to six groups of monkeys in the region where the deaths occurred. Foresters are surprised that territorial fights, or as in this case, a fight over water, could get so violent among monkeys. The Punjapura forest range has other herbivores, including deer, but no other fatalities due to dehydration have been reported. Forest officials have set up night vision trap-cameras to study the behaviour of monkeys and to check if any other factor contributed to the deaths.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
To create a new EventDomain this operation is used. If it is not possible to support the given QoSProperties or AdminProperties an exception is raised, which list the properties not supported. For more information see the cosNotification user's guide.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Q: Find a hypergraph such that $\|e\|$ even, $\|e\cap f\|$ odd, and $\|E\|>\|V\|$ Here is a problem I have been working on (it comes from the standard "odd-town" problem. The idea is to show that the analogy for "even-town" doesn't work). Find a hypergraph such that the edges have even size, the intersection of any two edges has odd size, and there are strictly more edges then vertices. Some things to note: any two edges must intersect, since empty intersection is even. In any intersecting linear space, $\|E\|=\|V\|$. Since our graph is intersecting, it must NOT be a linear space. That is, at least two vertices are not connected by any edge. The Fisher inequality says that if the intersection of any two edges is $\lambda>0$, then $\|E\|\le \|V\|$. Thus, there must be more than one possible "intersection size." From trying cases, I believe you need at least five vertices to find such a hypergraph. Any suggestions would be much appreciated. A: It turns out no such counterexample can exist. Look at theorem $2$ in this pdf	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Q: argument missing && \|\| operators in parenthesis but still working I have come across this piece of code where the if statement contains an argument without && and/or \|\| operators. if (event.target.scrollTop > 0 !== isViewScrolled) { //do something } How is it possible that this works? What is the logic contained in the parentheses? A: (event.target.scrollTop > 0 returns a bool, so javascript just checks if this bool is equal to isViewScrolled A: Check operator precedence https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Operator_Precedence According to the above > (greater than) has higher precedence than != (inequality) so the event.target.scrollTop > 0 !== isViewScrolled is equivalent to (event.target.scrollTop > 0) !== isViewScrolled Although both are equivalent it's best to include parentheses where the order of evaluation is not clear.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Q: find couple of objects from a dataframe How can I avoid the two for loops and optimize my code to be able to handle big data? import pandas as pd import numpy as np array = np.array([[1,'aaa','bbb'],[2,'ccc','bbb'],[3,'zzzz','bbb'],[4,'eee','zzzz'],[5,'ccc','bbb'],[6,'zzzz','bbb'],[7,'aaa','bbb']]) df= pd.DataFrame(array) l=[] for i in range(len(df)): for j in range(i+1,len(df)): if (df.loc[i][1] == df.loc[j][1]) & (df.loc[i][2] == df.loc[j][2]): l.append((df.loc[i][0],df.loc[j][0])) A: Group by the second and third column. Then use the combination function: chain and combinations. from itertools import combinations list(chain(df.groupby(by=[1, 2])[0].apply(lambda x: combinations(x, 2)))) [('1', '7'), ('2', '5'), ('3', '6')] Change the dataset a bit. array = np.array([[1,'aaa','bbb'],[2,'ccc','bbb'],[3,'zzzz','bbb'], [4,'eee','zzzz'],[5,'ccc','bbb'],[6,'zzzz','bbb'], [7,'aaa','bbb'], [8, "aaa", "bbb"], [9, 'zzzz','bbb']]) df = pd.DataFrame(array) list(chain(df.groupby(by=[1, 2])[0].apply(lambda x: combinations(x, 2)))) [('1', '7'), ('1', '8'), ('7', '8'), ('2', '5'), ('3', '6'), ('3', '9'), ('6', '9')] list(chain(*df.groupby(by=[1, 2])[0].apply(lambda x: combinations(x, 2)))) 1.67 ms ± 34.8 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Kanye West, born Kanye Omari West, is a genius lyricist and rapper and self-proclaimed "voice of a generation". He attended Chicago State University, but dropped out, stating that college was too easy for a genius of his caliber. When asked about his performance in high school, he responded by saying "Have you ever had sex with a Pharaoh? I put the pussy in a sarcophagus." Like all other rappers, he became famous due to someone more famous and talented, Jay-Z in this case. West was involved in a near-fatal car crash in 2002, when, on his was home, a phoenix fell from the sky and crashed into his car. In November, 2010, West released a documentary about the car crash called "Runaway". On an interview discussing the documentary, Kanye mentioned that becoming the greatest rapper ever was on his "bucket list" Rise to Yeast Kayne was named after Mae West as he had an inflated opinion of himself. Kanye was a producer for many no-names in the late 90's, most of whom are not even worth mentioning. We could sit here and list Kanye's small-time producing in this time period, but you've never heard of any of these people, we promise. So let's save both our time by fast forwarding to 2000. Kanye became famous through meeting Jay-Z, who quickly noticed Kanye's ass-kissing talent. Kanye always idolized Jay-Z, and told him how much he wanted to be just like him. Jay-Z, although already successful and famous, felt drawn in by Kanye's ass-kissing, which did wonders for Jay's ego. After all, who wouldn't want someone following them around telling them how great they are? This lead to Jay signing Kanye as a producer. Kanye has ever since felt that Jay-Z was his Big Brother. Kanye West's first career productions came on Jay-Z's 2001 debut album The Blueprint, released on September 11, 2001. West produced some of the greatest hits on that album, such as Heart of the City and I.Z.Z.O. Kanye also thought he was “the shit” (but nobody knew of him yet) and starting “smoking them miracle herbs” and developed an addiction to them. Kanye documents his rise to fame in a 13-hour interview named "Last Call" on his 2004 Album The College Dropout. Throughout the course of the interview, he frequently interrupts his story to yell "This is the last call for alcohol!!!", hence the title. < Fiamce Kanye was a producer for many no-names in the late 90's, most of whom are not even worth mentioning. We could sit here and list Kanye's small-time producing in this time period, but you've never heard of any of these people, we promise. So let's save both our time by fast forwarding to 2000. Kanye became famous through meeting Jay-Z, who quickly noticed Kanye's ass-kissing talent. Kanye always idolized Jay-Z, and told him how much he wanted to be just like him. Jay-Z, although already successful and famous, felt drawn in by Kanye's ass-kissing, which did wonders for Jay's ego. After all, who wouldn't want someone following them around telling them how great they are? This lead to Jay signing Kanye as a producer. Kanye has ever since felt that Jay-Z was his Big Brother. Kanye West's first career productions came on Jay-Z's 2001 debut album The Blueprint, released on September 11, 2001. West produced some of the greatest hits on that album, such as Heart of the City and I.Z.Z.O. Kanye also thought he was “the shit” (but nobody knew of him yet) and starting “smoking them miracle herbs” and developed an addiction to them. Kanye documents his rise to fame in a 13-hour interview named "Last Call" on his 2004 Album The College Dropout. Throughout the course of the interview, he frequently interrupts his story to yell "This is the last call for alcohol!!!", hence the title. Controversy What happened? In the midst of Hurricane Katrina, there was a well publicized event in which Kayne West accused the president of hating black people. This was untrue. However rumor has it that fellow actor (and rising rap starlet) Hurricane Katrina Jones professed to Kayne West that he does in fact hate the way black people are sometimes treated, and Mexicans, and Jews, and Arabs. The President later responded to West's comments with a note he wrote all by himself, and in early 2006 publicly asked Kanye if he would stop burning crosses on the White House lawn. Since December of 2006, no one knows if they even still talk to each other, which is sad, since they used to call each other every day.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Norman Peterkin George Norman Peterkin (Liverpool, 21 December 1886 - Guildford, 15 December 1982), known to all as Norman, was an English composer and music publisher. He is perhaps best known today for his brief song “I heard a piper piping”. Peterkin was born in Liverpool and was mostly self-taught in music. He started work with the local organ builder Rushworth & Dreaper in the late 1900s, moving to their Singapore office in 1911, and later to Hong Kong. While there he established himself as a pianist and also began to compose, much influenced by Cyril Scott. He returned to England in 1918. In 1924 he became second-in-command to Hubert Foss at the Oxford University Press Music Department (which had published some of his songs), taking over as head of department when Foss resigned in 1941. The strain of keeping things going almost alone throughout the war exhausted him, and he asked for early retirement at the end of 1947. He was succeeded at OUP by Alan Frank. As a composer, Peterkin wrote mostly songs and a few short piano pieces. Most of these were composed during his stay abroad, on his return to Liverpool in the early 1920s and then on to London. His contemporaries there were Peter Warlock and Bernard van Dieren. He also became friendly with Kaikhosru Sorabji and Elizabeth Poston, whom he encouraged. Sorabji dedicated four of his works to Peterkin. Recordings The Songs of Norman Peterkin Charlotte de Rothschild (soprano), Adrian Farmer (piano) Lyrita Records References Category:1886 births Category:1982 deaths Category:English composers See also Klemm, Gustav.Norman Peterkin: The Man and his Music, in Monthly Musical Record, 1933. Chisholm, Alastair. A tribute to Norman Peterkin, 1982.	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Deputies said the woman can be seen removing a large amount of silver necklaces from a spinning display rack and then concealing them in her purse. An inventory check revealed a total of 20 necklaces missing from the store, worth $504.80, deputies said. Authorities said the loss prevention employee told deputies copies of video from the Wells Road, Oakleaf and Ortega Target stores show the same woman stealing merchandise and leaving the store. Deputies described the woman as in her early 20s with a slim build, brown hair and wearing a black shirt and skirt with dark boots. Deputies said she was seen carrying two purses, one of which is large and gray with a black lower bottom portion. The store said she carried that bag when she was in the other Target stores as well, deputies said. She left the store's parking lot in a silver four-door car that had a missing hubcap on the front, deputies said. Anyone with information about the woman's identity is asked to contact the Clay County Sheriff's Office. Copyright 2012 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
LAUSD parents, teachers fight mainstreaming of disabled kids Protesters line Balboa Boulevard in front of the office of LAUSD board member Tamar Galatzan, Wednesday, July 24, 2013. Parents and Teachers United for Action picketed to oppose the district's transitioning of special education students to regular education campuses. (Michael Owen Baker/Staff Photographer) LAKE BALBOA - Waving signs and chanting "Our kids, our choice," scores of Los Angeles Unified parents and teachers protested the looming transfer of hundreds of disabled students from special-education centers to traditional schools, as the district complies with laws to integrate students who have physical and developmental challenges. The protesters oppose the merger of four special-education centers with nearby traditional schools, a move that will affect about 300 disabled youngsters when school starts next month. Opponents of the plan say the district will be segregating rather than integrating their kids by putting them in unsafe situations and setting them up for teasing or bullying. They say they want it to be their choice, not the district's, to transfer their kids to a traditional campus. "They are celebrated at special-education centers for their abilities, not their inabilities," said Rhonda Berrios of West Hills, whose 19-year-old son, Michael, is profoundly autistic. "They have dances, and basketball and baseball teams and cheerleading squads ... The district wants to throw them into a one-size-fits-all environment, and that would be a travesty if this happens." Advertisement Michael is now enrolled at Leichman Special Education Center in Reseda, which under the district's plan will begin shifting high school students to traditional campuses in 2014. Berrios and others demonstrated for about 90 minutes in the sweltering heat on behalf of their children and those who might lose what they see as the advantages of a protected environment. Tom Williamson of North Hills said his son Blair, who has Down syndrome, learned self-confidence and life skills during the years he spent at Leichman. Blair, now a 34-year-old actor, has credits that include roles on "CSI" and "Scrubs." "He learned to go from classroom to classroom, and to the cafeteria," Williamson said. "He was given freedom and independence that he wouldn't have had at a general education campus." The 100-or-so demonstrators targeted the office of school board member Tamar Galatzan, saying four of the district's 14 special-ed centers are located in her west San Fernando Valley district. Her office is also next door to the shuttered West Valley Special Ed Center, a building that now houses Daniel Pearl High. Protesters complained that Galatzan did nothing to block the closure of West Valley, although that was never a board decision. Galatzan was working at her full-time job as a city prosecutor on Wednesday and was not at her LAUSD office, a spokeswoman said. Questions were referred to Sharyn Howell, executive director of LAUSD's Special Education Division, which serves about 83,000 students.Howell noted that the district is bound by federal and state law, as well as a federal consent decree, to mainstream more special-education students and give handicapped youngsters more opportunities to interact with kids at traditional campuses. "We're talking about physical education, arts types of programs, computer labs and library time," she said. "This is a chance to get the students with their siblings, cousins and neighborhood kids at a general-education site." They will continue to have classroom lessons that are appropriate for their level of learning, along with the aides, nurses, therapists and other supports they've had in the past, she added. Los Angeles Unified spends nearly $1.5 billion annually on special-education programs, which have shifted over the years from stand-alone centers to mainstream classrooms. Beginning last year, preschoolers who might previously have been enrolled in special-ed centers started their education at a traditional school.Several demonstrators say they believe district officials are trying to whittle down the enrollment so they can eventually close all of the centers -- a move that Howell has previously denied.The district currently operates 14 special-ed centers, which last year served 2,190 students. Under the plan set to take effect in August, Miller Special Ed Center in Reseda will transfer about 100 students to Cleveland High but will continue to provide its career-training program for ages 18-22. About two dozen youngsters from Lull Special Education Center in Encino will enroll in Reseda High, the first step in transforming the facility to one for elementary students only. Next year, middle schoolers will go to Madison.Fifty kids at McBride School in Venice will go to Grand View Elementary, and Banneker School, near downtown L.A., will send 60 youngsters to Avalon Gardens.The Frances Blend School will merge with Van Ness Elementary in the Larchmont area, affecting about 40 blind and visually impaired students. This story has been updated to correct the district's plan for Leichman Special Education Center.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Russia puts sweeping ban on U.S., E.U. food imports Russia retaliated against western sanctions with a sweeping ban on food imports, marking a new low point in relations between the two since the end of the Cold War. Under instructions from President Vladimir Putin, the government said it would ban for a year all imports of meat and poultry, seafood, milk and dairy products including cheese, fruit, vegetables and vegetable oil-based products from the U.S., E.U., Australia and Norway–all of whom have imposed sanctions of their own on Russia for the annexation of Crimea and its perceived role in stoking the violent uprising in eastern Ukraine. There was no action to restrict the crucial flow of oil and gas exports, which are vital for the E.U. economy and for the Russian budget. Nor did the government announce any ban on overflight of Siberian airspace, although it did consider it. Even so, the step signals a radical departure from Russia’s previous policy of trying to avoid harm to its own economy, which has never recovered its pre-crisis rates of growth, and which stagnated in the first half of this year. “We hoped until the last minute that our colleagues would understand that sanctions are a blind alley that do no-one any good. But they didn’t understand and…we were forced to take reciprocal measures,” Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev told cabinet in a televised meeting. The move is extraordinary, in as much as Russia has found it much easier, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, to buy food than to produce it. It currently imports some 40% of its food, and the E.U. is its biggest trading partner, buying €3.3 billion ($4.4 billion) of fruit and vegetables last year and another €3.3 billion in meat and dairy products. The U.S. shipped $1.3 billion of food products to Russia last year, according to the USDA. But the ban seems likely to rebound on Russian consumers too, despite comments Wednesday by Putin urging the need to avoid that. Russia’s domestic producers are hardly in a position to replace all the items that will be lost over the next year (documented with curious delight here by state news agency Itar-Tass). Even if imports can be substituted, they will likelier be more expensive than what they have replaced, which is in itself a development that will hit ordinary Russians, who have grown used to Italian Mozzarella cheese and Norwegian shrimp. Inflation is already running above target at 7.5% and food accounts for 29% of the basket of goods and services tracked by statistics office Rosstat. The government claimed that the measures would be an opportunity for domestic producers, but such claims met with scorn by critics. “Those who think sanctions will help Russian producers – remember the car industry. They’ve been ‘helping’ it with duties for 20 years,” Alexei Navalny, an opposition blogger and politician, said via his Twitter account. Whatever else happens, there is a large chance that the sanctions could be undermined by either an unwillingness or an inability to enforce them. For example, there is little to stop Belarus–which sits between Poland and Russia–from re-exporting Polish fruit and vegetables to Russia, possibly by passing them off as its own. Neither Belarus nor Kazakhstan, which are both in a customs union with Russia, have announced any sanctions, and Belarus in particular is in such a parlous economic state that it can ill afford to pass up opportunities to make a fast buck with such tricks. The news agency RIA Novosti reported that Russian officials would meet with their counterparts in Belarus August 12 to discuss the matter.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
A TEENAGER who imported drugs on the dark web so he could 'experiment' with their effects was told to 'grow up' by a judge. Recorder Gareth Evans told Charlie Juson he did not believe the 19-year-old had imported the drugs entirely for his own use. However, he said the crown prosecution service had not charged Juson with intent to supply so he must proceed to sentence on the basis he sought the drugs for personal use. Juson's barrister, Silas Reid, said Juson had been described as a 'psychonaut' by a police expert which translates as a 'sailor of the soul', someone who experiments with altered states of consciousness. Juson admitted importing a drug of class A into the country from Holland, three counts of possession of a controlled drug of class A, three of possession of a controlled drug of class B and three of possession of a controlled drug of class C when he appeared at Worcester Crown Court on Friday. Christopher Lester, prosecuting, said Border Force intercepted a suspicious package from Holland bound for Juson's home address in Highmore Street, Hereford on October 24 last year. When it was opened MDMA ecstasy tablets were found inside and the package was passed to police who carried out a warrant at Juson's home. There they found more drugs, including 2.5g of ketamine worth about £50, £5 of amphetamines, a further wrap of ketamine worth £20 and three packages of drugs that contained hallucinogenic mushrooms and mephedrone. Juson, who had no previous convictions, made full admissions in interview. Police found evidence that Juson had accessed the dark web to get the drugs from Holland. Juson said people had contacted him asking about the drugs but he had never responded. Silas Reid, defending, said the case did not fit easily within the guidelines and described Juson as a 'psychonaut', 'someone who tries as many different drugs as they can get their hands on'. Mr Reid said Juson's father died at the age of 16 because of a condition the defendant had inherited. "His arrest was a salutary lesson and then some" he told the court. Juson had received counselling, a service which would be available to him in future. Recorder Gareth Evans QC said: "This is a very unusual case. "The first offence is, on the face of it, a very serious matter, importing drugs into this country but the crown prosecution service did not charge you with being in possession of any drugs with the intention of supplying. "The case always has been that they're all for personal use and I will sentence you on that basis but please don't think for one moment I believe it." He added: "It was an experiment. The experiment is over. Grow up." Recorder Evans sentenced him to eight months in prison suspended for two years and ordered him to pay £340 costs and a £140 victim surcharge. He must also complete 200 hours of unpaid work in the community. Recorder Evans further ordered the forfeiture and destruction of the drugs seized by police.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Microbial systems biology: new frontiers open to predictive microbiology. The field of Systems Biology is a rapidly evolving area of research. It follows on from the previous experimental and theoretical 'omics' revolution in biology. Now that we have through the use of these tools many 'indices' of biological systems available the next step is to actually start composing the systems that these indices specify. In this paper we will discuss the developments in the field of Systems Biology as they pertain to predictive food microbiology and give an example of state of the art current approaches. The data discussed in the case study deal with the resistance of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae towards environmental temperature changes through adaptation of its metabolism, protein signalling and gene-expression. The results are integrated and its implications for the definition of new experiments discussed; the iteration between experiment driven model definition and model driven experimentation being characteristic for contemporary Systems Biology approaches. The stress condition discussed represents in no way a practical situation in food microbiology but what it teaches may well be applied in such cases. We will indicate how the latter may be achieved.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Q: C program incrementing variable with for loop I am trying to learn the C programming language on my own and have to depend on the internet for some help. I am playing around with one variable and a for loop; incrementing the variable by 1, each iteration of the loop. In this example, I am confused by the fact that the variable is not 1 in the first iteration of the loop. It's like the arguement was skipped on the first pass. I don't understand. // This is a test of for loops #include <stdio.h> main () { int a; for (a = 0; a < 10; a++) { printf("%d\n", a); } return 0; } A: Maybe it's easiest to understand as follows. In C, a loop written like this: for (a = 0; a < 10; a++) { printf("%d\n", a); } is equivalent to this: a=0; while (a<10) { printf("%d\n", a); a++; } The for-loop notation is meant to collect up all of the loop control information at the top of the loop as written, but the parenthesized part after the keyword "for" is not executed as a group of statements before the body, it's treated as if it were written as shown in the while loop. You can also write an infinite loop like this in C: for (;;) { printf("Hello forever\n"); } which is equivalent to: while (1) { printf("Hello forever\n"); }	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Colón Department, Córdoba Colón Department is a department of Córdoba Province in Argentina. The provincial subdivision has a population of about 171,067 inhabitants in an area of , and its capital city is Jesús María, which is located from Buenos Aires. Settlements Agua de Oro Ascochinga Colonia Caroya Colonia Tirolesa Colonia Vicente Agüero Dumesnil El Manzano Estación General Paz Estación Juárez Celman Jesús María La Calera La Granja Malvinas Argentinas Mendiolaza Mi Granja Río Ceballos Saldán Salsipuedes Tinoco Unquillo Villa Allende Villa Cerro Azul Category:Departments of Córdoba Province, Argentina	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1. Technical Field The present invention relates generally to air conditioning systems and more particularly to an air conditioning system and a method which detects a low-charge state. 2. Discussion Modern air conditioning systems typically include a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device and an evaporator. Operation of the compressor adds heat to a gaseous refrigerant as well as increases its pressure. High-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant exiting the compressor is delivered to the condenser where excess heat is removed, causing the refrigerant to condense to a relatively low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant is then discharged to the expansion valve. The expansion valve meters the amount of refrigerant that is discharged to the evaporator, causing the low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant to change to a lower-temperature, low-pressure gaseous state. A blower forces air over a heat exchanger surface on the evaporator causing the gaseous refrigerant to absorb heat, cooling the air. Gaseous refrigerant is then returned to the compressor. To maintain the performance of the air conditioning system, it is necessary that the system be properly charged (i.e., the system must have a quantity of refrigerant that exceeds a predetermined minimum amount). If the air conditioning system looses a sufficient amount of refrigerant, the air conditioning system will not cool the air to the maximum extent possible. Furthermore, operation of the air conditioning system in a low-charge state may damage the compressor, which is typically the most expensive component of the air conditioning system. Conventional air conditioning systems do not include a means for detecting a low-charge state. Consequently, it is necessary to rely on the perception and judgment of the users of these systems to detect symptoms that are characteristic of a low-charge state. The symptom most readily detected with such systems is an output temperature of air exiting the evaporator that is xe2x80x9cwarmer than normalxe2x80x9d. Unfortunately, as the loss of refrigerant from an air conditioning system is usually gradual, the user is not likely to notice the change in the output temperature until a substantial amount of refrigerant has been lost from the system. Complicating matters is that technicians responsible for trouble-shooting and maintaining these air conditioning systems have no direct means for detecting a low-charge state. As such, the technician is typically forced to employ a decision-making process having several steps of relatively low reliability to develop a plan for dealing with the observations of the air conditioning system user. The process usually includes the verification that the output temperature is relatively high and the re-charging the air conditioning system. Recharging the air conditioning system is a time consuming process, requiring that the refrigerant in the air conditioning system first be evacuated and then a proper quantity of fresh refrigerant be delivered to the air conditioning system. This process typically requires several hours to complete, tying up not only the technician, but also other resources such as the tooling, equipment and possibly even a service bay. Considering modern standards of accuracy and repeatability, this trouble-shooting process renders it highly likely that some air conditioning systems are being recharged unnecessary. Furthermore, it is also likely that other air conditioning systems may not be being serviced when necessary. To avoid these situations, some air conditioning systems have proposed the use of a dedicated sensor in an attempt to more reliably detect a low-charge state. One such system relies on a low-pressure switch placed between the compressor and the evaporator. This system is premised on the fact that the liquid refrigerant delivered from the evaporator to the compressor will have a relatively lower pressure if the compressor is operated in a low-charge state. Not only does this approach add a considerable amount of cost to the air conditioning system, this approach requires a substantial reduction in the pressure of the refrigerant delivered to the compressor before a low-charge state is detected. Accordingly, it is possible in a system of this type that the low-charge state will go undetected for a considerable period of time, permitting the compressor to be operated repeatedly and damaged. A second system relies on a sub-cool temperature sensor placed between the expansion valve and the condenser which monitors the temperature of the gaseous refrigerant delivered to the expansion valve. While this arrangement has been shown to be effective at detecting a low-charge state, it is extremely costly, being approximately three times more expensive than the low-pressure switch discussed above. Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for an air conditioning system which is able to detect a low-charge condition in a reliable manner and at a relatively low cost. It is one object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting a low-charge state in an air conditioning system which provides early yet reliable results. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting a low-charge state in an air conditioning system which may be economically incorporated into an air conditioning system. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting a low-charge state in an air conditioning system which employs the slope of the difference between the ambient temperature and the evaporator temperature to determine the existence of a low-charge state. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting a low-charge state in an air conditioning system which employs the temperature of the evaporator to determine the existence of a low-charge state. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an air conditioning system which detects a low-charge state in a reliable yet economical manner. In one preferred form, the present invention provides a method for detecting a low-charge state in an air conditioning system. The method includes the steps of detecting a temperature of air exiting an evaporator and responsively producing an evaporator temperature signal; detecting an ambient air temperature and responsively producing an ambient air temperature signal; detecting at least one operational characteristic of the air conditioning system and responsively producing an operational signal in response thereto; and receiving the evaporator temperature signal, the ambient air temperature signal and the operational signal and responsively detecting a low-charge condition of the air conditioning system. An air conditioning system having a controller which prevents a compressor from cycling on the detection of a low-charge state is also provided.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
Broadening consent--and diluting ethics? Biobank research is potentially fruitful. It is argued that broad consent is acceptable for future research on biological material because a) the benefit is high, b) it pays respect to people's autonomy, c) it is consistent with current practices and d) because the risk is low. Furthermore, broad consent should be allowed if information is handled safely, people can withdraw and expanded research should be approved by an ethics review board. However, these arguments are flawed and the criteria for broad consent are either too restrictive to allow any research or fail to address important challenges with biobank research. Broad consent for biobank research can hide substantial ethical challenges and threaten trust in research. This does not mean that biobank research should be abandoned or that people cannot authorise future research on donated biological material.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (abbreviated Li-NMC, LNMC, NMC or NCM) are mixed oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt. They have the general formula LiNixMnyCozO2. The most important representatives have a composition with x + y + z = 1 and are closely related to lithium cobalt(III) oxide (LiCoO2) and have a layered structure like these. Nowadays, NMCs they are among the most important storage materials for lithium ions in lithium ion batteries. They are used there on the positive pole side, which acts as the cathode during discharge. Use of NMC accumulators NMC batteries are found in most electric cars. NMC batteries were installed in the BMW ActiveE in 2011/2011, and from 2013 in the BMW i8. Electric cars with NMC batteries include, as of 2020: Audi e-tron GE, BAIC EU5 R550, BMW i3, BYD Yuan EV535, Chevrolet Bolt, Hyundai Kona Electric, Jaguar I-Pace, Jiangling Motors JMC E200L, NIO ES6, Nissan Leaf S Plus, Renault ZOE, Roewe Ei5, VW e-Golf and VW ID.3. There are only a few electric car manufacturers that do not use NMC in their traction batteries. The most important exception is Tesla, as Tesla uses NCA batteries for its vehicles. However, the home storage Tesla Powerwall is said to be based on NMC. NMC is also used for mobile electronics such as mobile phones/smartphones, laptops in most pedelec batteries. For these applications, batteries with lithium cobalt oxide LCO were still used almost exclusively in 2008. Another application of NMC batteries are battery storage power stations. In Korea, for example, two such storage systems with NMC for frequency regulation were installed in 2016: one with 16 MW capacity and 6 MWh energy and one with 24 MW and 9 MWh. In 2017/2018, a battery with over 30 MW capacity and 11 MWh was installed and commissioned in Newman in the Australian state of Western Australia. Properties of NMC accumulators The cell voltage of lithium ion batteries with NMC is 3.6–3.7 V. References Category:Manganese compounds Category:Lithium compounds Category:Nickel compounds Category:Cobalt compounds Category:Oxygen compounds	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Q: How email sending works during user self registration in WSO2 IS? I checked the axi2.xml file and output-event-adapter.xml file. For email OTP, it is mentioned to configure email in axis2.xml file https://docs.wso2.com/display/IS570/Configuring+Email+OTP. But for user self-registration, it is asked to configure email in output-event adapter.xml file. https://docs.wso2.com/display/IS570/Self-Registration+and+Account+Confirmation. Why there are two places for email configuration? How sending email notification works in user self-registration in WSO2 IS 5.7.0? Thanks in advance! A: WSO2IS contains an email sending module with WSO2IS which is based on Axis2. This handles the email notifications in Email OTP.[1,2] Those configurations are stored in axis2.xml.But for instances like Ask Password Account Confirmation and user self-registration. WSO2 Is uses email event adapters[3]. These adapters get the configuration from output-event-adapter.xml. In the above image global adapter configs are defined in the output-event-adapters.xml. And each adapter created per tenant holds a connection with the configured smtp server. When a tenant needs to send an email it publish the content to the relevant stream[5] This stream creates the mapping to the relevant publisher using the stream wso2 is resolves the publisher. These publishers are defined in IS-HOME/repository/deployment/server/eventpublishers these publishers specify the relevant adapter which has a connection with the SMTP server. It sends the email using that connection. This is how email sending handled in user self-registration. This has been further explained in[4]. As WSO2 IS has those two different mechanisms to handle notification you have to configure in two places for email OTP and account confirmation.As WSO2IS deprecating the Axis2 Based notification model. if you enabled the property <Parameter name="useEventHandlerBasedEmailSender">true</Parameter> As per the documentation[6]. You can use the configurations in the output-event-adapter.xml for email otp. [7] But this supports after identity server 5.8.0. 1. https://github.com/wso2-extensions/identity-outbound-auth-email-otp/blob/f6ebf84f35d9da526077a0bfe220665e71baa7ec/component/authenticator/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/identity/authenticator/emailotp/EmailOTPAuthenticator.java#L1708 [2]. https://github.com/wso2/carbon-identity-framework/blob/34bb9053787020dbc901d17d7ee4290f075e6542/components/identity-mgt/org.wso2.carbon.identity.mgt/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/identity/mgt/mail/DefaultEmailSendingModule.java#L73 [3]. https://github.com/wso2/carbon-analytics-common/blob/5.2.x/components/event-publisher/event-output-adapters/org.wso2.carbon.event.output.adapter.email/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/event/output/adapter/email/EmailEventAdapter.java [4]. http://mail.wso2.org/mailarchive/architecture/2019-September/032587.html [5].https://github.com/wso2-extensions/identity-event-handler-notification/blob/master/components/event-handler-notification/org.wso2.carbon.identity.event.handler.notification/src/main/java/org/wso2/carbon/identity/event/handler/notification/DefaultNotificationHandler.java#L284 [6]. https://docs.wso2.com/display/IS580/Configuring+Email+OTP [7]. https://github.com/wso2-extensions/identity-outbound-auth-email-otp/pull/26/files#diff-868475e354da25fd06fae3b3a9ebe6e5R272	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
East Brunswick Township East Brunswick Township may refer to the following townships in the United States: East Brunswick Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey East Brunswick Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
/*************************************************************************/ / / / This file is part of Frama-C. / / / / Copyright (C) 2007-2019 / / CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies / / alternatives) / / / / you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU / / Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software / / Foundation, version 2.1. / / / / It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, / / but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of / / MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the / / GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. / / / / See the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 / / for more details (enclosed in the file licenses/LGPLv2.1). / / / /************************************************************************/ #ifndef _SYS_TIMEX_H #define _SYS_TIMEX_H 1 #include "features.h" #include "stdint.h" #include "time.h" __PUSH_FC_STDLIB __BEGIN_DECLS #define ADJ_OFFSET 0x0001 #define ADJ_FREQUENCY 0x0002 #define ADJ_MAXERROR 0x0004 #define ADJ_ESTERROR 0x0008 #define ADJ_STATUS 0x0010 #define ADJ_TIMECONST 0x0020 #define ADJ_TICK 0x4000 #define ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT 0x8001 #define MOD_OFFSET ADJ_OFFSET #define MOD_FREQUENCY ADJ_FREQUENCY #define MOD_MAXERROR ADJ_MAXERROR #define MOD_ESTERROR ADJ_ESTERROR #define MOD_STATUS ADJ_STATUS #define MOD_TIMECONST ADJ_TIMECONST #define MOD_CLKB ADJ_TICK #define MOD_CLKA ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT #define STA_PLL 0x0001 #define STA_PPSFREQ 0x0002 #define STA_PPSTIME 0x0004 #define STA_FLL 0x0008 #define STA_INS 0x0010 #define STA_DEL 0x0020 #define STA_UNSYNC 0x0040 #define STA_FREQHOLD 0x0080 #define STA_PPSSIGNAL 0x0100 #define STA_PPSJITTER 0x0200 #define STA_PPSWANDER 0x0400 #define STA_PPSERROR 0x0800 #define STA_CLOCKERR 0x1000 #define STA_RONLY (STA_PPSSIGNAL \| STA_PPSJITTER \| STA_PPSWANDER \| \ STA_PPSERROR \| STA_CLOCKERR) #define TIME_OK 0 #define TIME_INS 1 #define TIME_DEL 2 #define TIME_OOP 3 #define TIME_WAIT 4 #define TIME_ERROR 5 #define TIME_BAD TIME_ERROR struct timex { unsigned int modes; int64_t offset; int64_t freq; int64_t maxerror; int64_t esterror; int status; int64_t constant; int64_t precision; int64_t tolerance; struct timeval time; int64_t tick; int64_t ppsfreq; int64_t jitter; int shift; int64_t stabil; int64_t jitcnt; int64_t calcnt; int64_t errcnt; int64_t stbcnt; int tai; int32_t _padding[11]; }; extern int adjtimex(struct timex buf); extern int ntp_adjtime(struct timex *buf); __END_DECLS __POP_FC_STDLIB #endif	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Browse Forum Posts by Tags I guess it is time to share one of my shopping/husband stories. Ike and I have been married almost 40 years. several years ago on Superbowl Sunday I went to Joann's. When I got there they were having a 50% off on quilting fabric. I figured I could always use backing fabric so I bought 3 1/2 yard...	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
[Cytotoxic action of alkylating agents in human tumor cells and its relationship to apoptosis]. Various anticancer agents have been known to induce apoptosis in certain types of human tumor cells. The fact that a variety of agents, which attack different cellular targets, induce common apoptotic cell death suggests that the nature of initial damage is not directly involved in apoptosis. The mechanism by which a damage leads to apoptosis is not known. However, modulation of this process may affect the outcome of anticancer drug treatment. This article briefly reviewed the studies of endogenous as well as exogenous factors which modulate apoptosis, and then described the characteristics of cell death induced by alkylating agents. O6-Alkylguanine, a major cytotoxic DNA damage produced by simple alkylating agents, can be repaired by the cellular enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). About one-fifth of human tumor cell strains lack the MGMT activity and termed as Mer- cells. Mer- cells are hypersensitive to alkylating agents like chloroethyl nitrosoureas (CNUs), compared with repair-proficient Mer+ cells. It is suggested that identification of a factor which suppresses the MGMT gene expression in CNU-resistant Mer+ cells, may enable us to convert these Mer+ cells to Mer- phenotype, thus resulting in much higher sensitivity of Mer+ cells to CNUs.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Baseline Characteristics of the Fellow Eye in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Post Hoc Analysis of the VIEW Studies. The aim was to describe baseline characteristics of the fellow eye of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). A pooled, post hoc analysis of patients with nAMD enrolled in the VIEW studies was carried out. The VIEW studies compared intravitreal aflibercept (monthly or every 2 months after 3 monthly injections) with monthly ranibizumab. Baseline choroidal neovascularization (CNV) status of fellow eyes and baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and lens status of all eyes were evaluated. Additional analyses evaluated the presence of drusen and pigment in fellow eyes. When comparing both eyes, baseline BCVA was worse in 23.8% of fellow eyes and in 75.2% of study eyes. Lens status of fellow eyes and study eyes was similar. Baseline visual acuity of the study eye and that of the fellow eye were not correlated. Most fellow eyes had signs of early AMD, with 34.6% (n = 843) of fellow eyes having evidence of scarring. In patients in the VIEW studies, most fellow eyes had evidence of AMD, highlighting the importance of examining both eyes, with close follow-up thereafter, in order to detect and treat CNV earlier as needed.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
A program in Quickbasic for the estimation of cardiac output. The current program in Quickbasic provides a valid and reliable computational method for the estimation of cardiac output, using the CO2 rebreathe method. In addition, this program will save time through speed of execution. Furthermore, the program can be used with IBM microcomputers as well as IBM compatible microcomputers.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Weed Break Wednesday: Should Marijuana Be Legal? States like Oregon, Washington and Colorado have already passed legislation that directly contradicts federal law. At the federal level, marijuana is today still classified as a schedule 1 substance. Even though new rulings will aid in protecting marijuana patients and businesses from federal recourse, the debacle over marijuana’s future in the U.S. is far from over. Many support the legalization of marijuana for pragmatic reasons. Taxing marijuana sales brings much needed revenue to states and counties. Some argue regulating marijuana will help to snuff out the black market and undermine the vicious drug cartels cycle. Alternative medicine uses call for more improved access for research of cannabis health benefits. Some groups have aligned philosophically to argue, as was the case in Mexico, that access to cannabis is a basic human right, protected constitutionally. Generationally and over time, as indicated by Pew Research Center, marijuana legalization has gained support in public opinion polls. What do you think? Should Marijuana Be Legal? Why? Why not? For what purpose? Please add your comments below. We’d love to hear from you. We may even feature you.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo College of Architecture and Environmental Design The California Polytechnic State University College of Architecture and Environmental Design (or CAED) is one of Cal Poly San Luis Obispo's six colleges. Cal Poly's CAED program has nearly 1,900 students and is one of the largest programs in the United States. The college offers bachelor's degrees in five departments, as well as two master's degree programs. General information In the 2014 edition of "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools" published by the leading architecture and design journal DesignIntelligence, Cal Poly was rated the No. 1 undergraduate architecture program in the nation. The landscape architecture program is ranked No. 1 in the Western region and No. 4 in the nation. Departments Architectural Engineering Department Head Allan Estes. The Architectural Engineering department is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology to offer Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees. Architecture Department Head Margot McDonald.The Architecture department is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), and offers both Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) and Masters of Science in Architecture (MS-Arch) degrees. The undergraduate program is a five-year program. About one in twenty architects in the United States, and one in five in California, are graduates of Cal Poly. The journal DesignIntelligence has continually ranked the architecture program among the top 10 in the nation in its annual edition of "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools. More specifically, Cal Poly's undergraduate architecture program placed sixth in 2007, fourth in 2008, third in 2009, third in 2010, fourth in 2011, fourth in 2012, and fifth in 2013. In 2014, Cal Poly's program ranked first. City and Regional Planning Department Head Hemalata Dandekar.The City and Regional Planning department is accredited by the Planning Accreditation Board and offers Bachelor of Science in City and Regional Planning (BSCRP) and Master of City and Regional Planning (MCRP) degrees. Construction Management Department Head Allan J. Hauck.The Construction Management department is accredited by the American Council for Construction Education. Landscape Architecture Interim Department Head Omar Faruque.The Landscape Architecture department is accredited by the Landscape Architectural Accreditation Board and offers Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (BL Arch) degrees. Admissions For freshmen entering Fall 2017, the College of Architecture and Environmental Design accepted 38% of applicants (805 accepted/2,114 applied); entering freshmen had an average GPA of 3.97, average ACT Composite of 29, and average SAT score of 1314. See also Architecture Landscape architecture Urban planning Regional planning Environmental design California Polytechnic State University Notes References Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo - College of Architecture and Environmental Design, university-directory.eu External links California Polytechnic State University California Polytechnic State University College of Architecture & Environmental Design Category:Universities and colleges in San Luis Obispo County, California Category:Buildings and structures in San Luis Obispo, California Category:California Polytechnic State University Category:Architecture schools in California Category:Landscape architecture schools Category:Educational institutions established in 1948 Category:1948 establishments in California	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Path of Denominationalism: Authority in the Church Previously we examined the concept of a denomination as being an institution, or an organizational structure that exists independently of any individuals. We saw from the Scriptures that the church that Christ established was not to resemble such institutions but ought to remain simply the collective of Christians that exist (the “church universal”) or a collective of Christians that live in a specific geographical level (the “church local”). Let us now continue the discussion of the path of denomination where we left off and discuss the ways that authority is viewed within denominations and, if necessary, how to avoid such perceptions. All denominations will certainly claim that their authority is derived from the Scriptures and that they are the church that is presented in them; the truth of the matter, however, is more often than not much different. They may use the Scriptures and quote Scriptures to demonstrate their belief, but are their beliefs actually from the Bible or are they placed upon the Bible by the ideas of men? In practice, we may see that many denominations will use one of two different sources for authority: for simplicity’s sake, let us call these two sources a “cult of personality” and “collective determination.” We may define a “cult of personality” as the belief in the words of an individual or a collective of individuals that are believed to possess authority through an understanding that they may have received of through power supposedly granted by virtue of a position held. We see the first kind of a “cult of personality,” one or more who have received some form of understanding, in many groups that were founded by an individual or a group of individuals because of such ideas, like the Lutheran church or the many Calvinist churches that exist today. The members of these churches say that the Scriptures are their sole authority in their lives, yet the Lutherans consider the Book of Concord as authoritative, for example, and the Calvinists will often refer to the works of Calvin or other men like him for their belief system. The second kind of a “cult of personality,” involving power that supposedly is derived from a position held, is seen most clearly in groups with an “ecclesiastical hierarchy,” such as the Roman Catholic church and the Church of England. The “bishops” and other figures in these churches are seen as figures of authority, supposedly given the authority that was vested in Peter in Matthew 16:19: “I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; and whatever you bind on earth shall have been bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall have been loosed in heaven.” Therefore, the members of these denominations look up to these individuals as those holding keys of authority and will believe and do whatever these individuals tell them to do. We may define “collective determination” as the belief in the authority of a decision made when reached by a collective of individuals that represent the members of a denomination. This is seen especially in many Protestant denominations today, with “synods” of the “pastors” and other such individuals in a denomination meeting to make decisions and statements that are binding upon the whole denomination. Often times it will be said that these are not meetings of the denomination necessarily, but a meeting of the heads of individual “churches” that meet to determine what is truth, supposedly similar to the events of Acts 15. In reality, a meeting of the heads of various churches of a denomination to determine what is truth and a meeting of the heads of churches for the same reason is the exact same idea and really the exact same thing. Now that we have examined our terms, do we see that the church ought to place its authority in a “cult of personality” or in a “collective determination?” Let us see if it is so. Many may appeal to the account in Acts 15 about the meeting of the elders of Jerusalem and of the Apostles, yet this meeting was nothing like what goes on today: in Jerusalem, only the church of Jerusalem had representatives, and the decisions made in that meeting were not of the volition of the elders or the Apostles but of the Holy Spirit. Others may point to 1 Timothy 3:15, especially in defense of “collective determination”: but in case I am delayed, I write so that you will know how one ought to conduct himself in the household of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and support of the truth. It is argued that since the church is the pillar and support of the truth, the decisions made by the church are the truth. This verse says no such thing, however– it simply states that the church, the true collective of Christians that follow Christ and are known to Him, are the pillar and support of the truth. They do not receive the truth by being a part of the church, but are a part of the church because they have learned the truth and rejoice in it. The Scriptures teach in Colossians 3:17 where the authority for the Christian lay: Whatever you do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks through Him to God the Father. We are told further about where the authority for the Christian’s actions are in 2 Timothy 3:16-17: All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness; so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work. These truths are further exemplified by the attitude of Luke toward the Bereans in Acts 17:11: Now these were more noble-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they received the word with great eagerness, examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so. We have seen that the Scriptures have spoken: we must not do any action while on Earth unless it is done by the authority of the Lord Jesus. We read about His will and desire for us in the Scriptures, and we must examine the Scriptures to confirm the words that we shall hear. Unfortunately, Christians are always in danger of following after either a “cult of personality” or a “collective determination.” Many times we will look back and consider certain preachers or such men from the past with high esteem and will use his words almost as if they are authoritative because that individual spoke them. Some may even do this with individuals yet living, believing that a preacher or an elder perhaps is such a great Christian that whatever he says must be true. I have seen many times that Christians believe that a practice is justifiable because the elders of their local congregation have approved the action and therefore it must be okay. It is also very possible for Christians to believe something to be true or to believe that a practice ought not be done because every other Christian in their local area believes it. Brethren, we must constantly make sure that we do not walk down the path of denominationalism by following after the beliefs of an individual or believing something because everyone else believes it– if we are going to believe that something is true and right in the sight of God, we must do so because we have searched the Scriptures to see if it is so, and that we may perform the action in confidence that it is done properly in the name of our Lord. Goodreads Meta Today’s Scripture And God’s anger was kindled because he went; and the angel of YHWH placed himself in the way for an adversary against him. Now he was riding upon his ass, and his two servants were with him (Numbers 22:22). Today’s Meditation “Satan” conjures up a picture of a red satyr-like figure with horns and a trident. “Satan” is a Hebrew word meaning “adversary”; it is used to refer to the angel of YHWH who stood opposed to Balaam. It is also used to refer to human opponents. Satan is thus to be understood as our adversary.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
The 2012 Reds Hall of Fame Induction Weekend honored the first baseman Sean Casey, Dan Driessen and the late John Reilly, the members of the Class of 2012 with a host of activities and events including meet and greet sessions, a block party, an on-field question and answer program starring Big Red Machine Hall of Famers, an on-field induction ceremony and an extravagant Induction Gala. The weekend's event's kicked off on Friday night as the new inductees were joined by 15 returning Hall of Fame members for a meet and greet session in the museum. A second session took place Saturday morning. In total, close to 1,500 fans packed the museum for the two sessions. As the Saturday meet and greet session was underway, the second game day block party of the year featuring live music and refreshments was in full swing with thousands of fans gathering on the west side of the ballpark to enjoy the festivities. The loudest cheer from the crowd went to Sean Casey who made a brief appearance on stage to thank the fans for being there. With the block party moving along at full tilt, ballpark gates opened and the sold out crowd filed in, the first 25,000 receiving a commemorative Sean Casey bobblehead. The capacity crowd was treated to the official induction of Casey, Driessen and Reilly in a pre-game ceremony during which Driessen and Casey addressed the crowd and received their Hall of Fame plaques. The weekend was capped off by the Hall of Fame Induction Gala presented by cincyfavorites.com at the Duke Energy Convention Center. A sold-out audience of over 1,400 was treated to an elegant dinner and a memory and humor-filled program that brought the Reds past and present together like never before. Moving speeches from Driessen and Casey highlighted the evening which ended with the traditional red jacket presentation as the new inductees donned their jackets for the first time, surrounded by the other members of the Reds Hall of Fame fraternity. The audience stood as one as the red-jacketed assemblage of Hall of Famers smiled and waved, acknowledging the cheers that celebrated not only the triumphant end to the Gala and the weekend but much more so, the accomplishments of the men in the red jackets who have brought so much joy to generations of Reds fans. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Monday, August 29, 2011 Buying Liquor Online-A Cost-effective Solution With the changing lifestyle of individuals, several premium quality liquors have come into vogue. This growing popularity of varied adult beverages among youngsters has led to the increase in number of stores, which encourage the individuals to buy wine online as well as buy beer online. With these online stores, shopping has become an easy task, wherein the individuals do not have to leave their home for purchasing requisite items. In addition to clothes and other items, individuals nowadays are indulged in buying food and beverages such beer and wine online. There are several reasons why individuals prefer buying beer and wine online. In this era of internet shopping, the major advantage to buy beer online and buy wine online via the Internet is convenience. The convenience, which assures no need of leaving the house, is exactly why so many people are choosing online stores for buying liquor. Moreover, in addition to convenience and comfort of buying from home, individuals are also benefited with an availability of numerous options. In this virtual world, several online stores provide discounts for purchasing more bottles. Not only this, with the aid of online stores, individuals purchase different varieties of imported beverages, which are not easily available with the local dealers. Prior to making any final purchase from these stores, individuals can shop around the web for the best deals possible. These virtual online stores also facilitate the clients with free shipping services in least possible time frame. When individuals buy wine online they must make sure that the wine the delivery address is correctly mentioned along with other requisite details. For more information, log on to http://www.ebottleo.com.au/ About Me Interior Painting Dubai services design creatively styled wall coverings, that carry the potential to enhance the look and feel of an ambiance They also help the establishments of the hospitality sector by furnishing them with adequate Towel & Linen Supplies.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Clinical Science-linking basic science to disease mechanisms. For more than 50 years, Clinical Science has been at the interface linking basic science to disease mechanisms. Here, Rhian Touyz, the Editor-in-Chief, describes the journal, its aims and scope, and recent developments.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
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The Art of Making Pickles When Brian Crane (BA ’73) married Diana Long (BS ’73), she gave him the best possible dowry: her parents. Bud and Ardella Long, of Pocatello, Idaho, unintentionally became the models for Earl and Opal Pickles, the beloved stars of Crane’s nationally syndicated cartoon strip, Pickles. “As I started drawing Pickles, I began to recognize my in-laws’ personalities in Earl and Opal,” Crane explains. “They bicker back and forth but are totally devoted to each other and depend on each other for their happiness. They are always doing things that find their way into the strip.” His in-laws, for instance, once started wearing magnetic bracelets for their health, but whenever they ate, their silverware stuck to the bracelets. “It was hilarious and so typical,” Crane says. “Configurations of their magnetic adventure made it into 30 of my strips.” Another incident took place at the Long’s cabin. Bud discovered he hadn’t brought along any shaving cream, so he lathered his face with toothpaste. Opal: What were you doing in the bathroom for so long? Earl: Shaving. Opal: Is that a new aftershave you’re wearing? Earl: No. I was out of shaving cream, so I used toothpaste instead. Opal: Ah . . . That would explain why you smell so minty fresh. Decent Folks “I like his characters,” says Drabble cartoonist Kevin Fagan. “What I really like about Brian’s work is that he is funny and uplifting at the same time. You feel good about these characters. They are decent folks.” In the foreword to the first of Crane’s five Pickles books, legendary Peanuts cartoonist Charles Schulz reflected the same sentiment: “I think it would be very comforting to have Earl and Opal for neighbors.” Schulz also correctly predicted the comic strip’s longevity.Pickles premiered in 1990 and 21 years later remains a popular feature nationwide. According to Crane’s editor, Amy Lago of the Washington Post Writers Group, Pickles ranks in the top 10 in almost every market in which it appears and, more usually, in the top three, often coming in first. Pickles is found in nearly 800 markets, making it one of the most widely syndicated comic strips today. An Impossible Dream Crane’s success with the strip fulfills a childhood dream. He grew up reading and loving comic strips. His favorites were Al Capp’s Li’l Abner and Pogo by Walt Kelly. “They were really funny,” he says, “and as I got older, I liked them on a second level, where I could appreciate their brilliant political and social satire. I still think they are two of the greatest comic strips of all time.” He cannot remember a time when he did not want to join their ranks. “I broke my arm when I was 12, and the doctor tried to distract me by asking me what I wanted to be when I grew up. The first answer out of my mouth was ‘comic strip artist,’ but even as I said it, it seemed like an impossible dream.” Crane’s first drawings were for his own amusement, often funny faces drawn in the margins of his school papers. Around fifth grade, he showed a drawing to a friend who laughed so hard milk spurted from his nose. “That was probably the greatest single encouragement I ever got to pursue a career in cartooning,” Crane says. Earl: The phone company called to say our payment was declined. Opal: What?! Earl: The credit card company closed my account. They say according to their records, I’m deceased. Opal: Deceased? Really? Earl: Yeah, can you believe that? Opal: Well, you have to admit that’s an easy mistake to make. Launching the Pickles Family Crane’s fortunes began to change when a job creating greeting cards convinced him he had a talent for funny ideas. “I had never thought of myself as a writer,” Crane says, “but I actually enjoyed doing that as much or more than the artwork.” That pleasure, and his growing disillusionment with doing ads for companies and products in which he didn’t believe, made Crane reconsider his old dream of cartooning. “I was almost 40 and thought if I didn’t try now, I probably never would,” he says. Crane began to learn the process of getting syndicated by reading the autobiography of Mort Walker, known for the strip Beetle Bailey. As he read about making samples, sending submissions, trying to get a syndicate’s attention, and finding a market, he thought he would have better odds at the lottery. And he was right, says his editor. “The odds of being picked up for syndication are about 5,000 to 3,” Lago explains. “And being successful enough to make a nice living is like winning the Mega Millions.” Crane decided to give it a shot anyway, since the cost would be nothing more than a little ink and paper. “I figured it was a better midlife option than buying a red Ferrari,” he says. First he had to create his characters. “Trying to decide who I was going to write about was a major decision,” he says. “It’s not like writing a book with a set of characters you can leave behind after you’re finished. In a comic strip, you could be writing about these characters the rest of your life, so it’s important they have legs that can inspire you for a long time. I have always liked older people, because they remind me of grandparents. I drew an older lady and my personal lightbulb went on.” The first characters were more crotchety than Opal and Earl have become, and he tried to find a name, like Crabtree, that would depict a cranky old couple. Nothing seemed right until he watched a football game in which one of the players had the last name of Pickles. Thus the Pickles family was born. Crane sent samples of his cartoons to three major syndicates. The first rejected him. The second rejected him. “The third rejection really hurt his feelings,” says his wife, Diana, “because it felt so personal.” “It wasn’t a case of the third time is a charm. It was three strikes, you’re out,” he says. Crane was ready to abandon his dream, but his wife insisted he try again. “It’s really great to be married to someone who has more faith in your abilities than you do,” Crane says. “So I sent some examples to the Washington Post Writers Group.” The syndicate liked his work and sent samples to newspaper contacts nationwide for evaluation. Then he waited. “It takes considerable manpower to promote you, and there are many others from which to choose,” he says. “It’s a big commitment, and I wasn’t surprised when, after several months, I had not heard from the Washington Post group.” When the call finally came telling him they wanted him to sign a contract, Crane felt a combination of euphoria and uncertainty. He asked himself, “Can I really do this? Do I have the ideas to do this for a month, let alone years and years? I think I was having the art world’s version of writer’s block, but I was smart enough to portray a confidence I didn’t really feel.” Earl: So you’re saying that married men live about 10 years longer than unmarried men. . . . Therefore, in all likelihood I’d probably be dead now if it weren’t for you. Opal: Correct. Earl: Hmm. Opal: I believe the phrase you’re searching for is “thank you.” The Graying of America Crane believes he found a niche for the graying of America, and the editors saw the marketing potential for it. He was cautioned not to quit his day job, however, and when he asked an editor how many papers would run his strip, she said probably about 50. That would get them enough return on their investment, but not enough to ensure his security. He took their advice. Crane would work all day at the advertising agency, have dinner with his family, and head to an improvised studio in his garage, where he worked on the strip for four hours. When Pickles reached 60 papers, he cut his day job down to four days a week, and five years later he became a cartoonist full-time. Joining the ranks of professional cartoonists, Crane began meeting his new colleagues—at comic strip conventions and elsewhere. Among them was the late Charles Schulz. “He was very encouraging to me,” says Crane. “He used to have a Christmas ice-skating show in Santa Rosa [California], and he always had one night just for cartoonists. . . . He was generous and seemed surprised by his success.” “Brian is a gentle guy and very quiet,” says Schulz’ widow, Jean, who runs the Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center in Santa Rosa. Crane often loans original strips to the museum, and he has taught master classes and served as a cartoonist-in-residence at the center. “He does not possess a huge ego,” says Jean Schulz, “something that often happens with artists who become as successful as Brian.” Crane, born among the first wave of baby boomers, is also starting to get insights from the man in the mirror. “I inspire myself a lot, including a day I walked my dog in the park. After some time, I looked down and noticed I was holding an empty leash. My dog had slipped out of her collar without me noticing and was off sniffing a tree somewhere. Meanwhile, I was greeting others and holding an empty leash. People must have thought I was crackers.” Every morning Crane awakes ready to live his dream. He does not always know what the day will bring, but more than two decades of strips give him the confidence that his next idea is about to emerge. “I hope I can do this until I die,” he says. “I’m still pinching myself after 20 years. I would like nothing better than someday dropping dead into a bottle of ink.”	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
OUR WORKER Our carpenters are well known worldwide, many of them have traveled to some parts of the world just to reassembly our products in the countries of destination. They are full of experiences, incomparable. Trust and experience definitely maintain our quality. Contact us now Notice: JavaScript is required for this content. Bali SMB Carpenter A rapid demand from time to time whether we are able to manufacture other wooden products , not only selling raw material. To accommodate this demand and inquiry we think we should move on by set a new division which will focus on custom made wooden products. So here we are Bali SMB carpenter.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
A Victorian man has been arrested after horrifying footage of emus deliberately being mown down went viral on social media earlier this week. Ouyen police arrested a 20-year-old Cowangie man on Friday following the animal cruelty incident which occurred sometime during the past two weeks. The man has been interviewed and is expected to be charged on summons with aggravated cruelty to an animal, cruelty to an animal, torment to an animal, destruction of protected wildlife and a number of traffic-related offences including using a mobile phone while driving and speeding. During the incident, a number of emus were allegedly struck by a vehicle between September 1 and 20 on Pellaring Road, in the town of Cowangie, about 540 kilometres north-west of Melbourne. The video appeared on social media on Wednesday evening and has since been widely shared by horrified members of the public.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
--- name: Bug Report about: Create a report to help us improve --- ### Describe the bug A clear and concise description of what the bug is. ### To Reproduce Steps to reproduce the behavior: 1. Go to '...' 2. Click on '...' 3. Scroll down to '...' 4. See error ### Expected behavior A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen. ### Screenshots If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem. ### Desktop (please complete the following information): * OS: [e.g. iOS] * Browser [e.g. Chrome, Safari] * Version [e.g. 22] ### Smartphone (please complete the following information): * Device: [e.g. iPhone 8] * OS: [e.g. iOS 12.0.0] * Browser [e.g. Stock browser, Safari] * Version [e.g. 22] ### Additional context Add any other context about the problem here.	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
MEDLINE Search Strategies for Literature on Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders. PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The purpose of this study is to examine the professional health literature on Asian American/Pacific Islanders in MEDLINE, review the guiding indexing principles used in MEDLINE, and present suggestions on how to most effectively search for material in the database. SEARCH METHODS USED: The authors conducted database searches in MEDLINE and examined the National Library of Medicine indexing principles related to Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders to develop database search strategies. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FINDINGS: Two factors which contribute to the difficulty in identifying health literature on Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders are the small amount of material published when compared to other ethnic groups and the complex nature of indexing in MEDLINE that may create problems for less experienced database searchers. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Additional journal publications concerning Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, a more thorough understanding of how the literature on this group is best retrieved from MEDLINE, and the development of more userfriendly approaches to the National Library of Medicine databases will aid researchers interested in this ethnic group. KEY WORDS: Asian Americans, MEDLINE, periodicals, databases, bibliographic	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Q: Rails 3 extract the domain of a link with a regex and print it in parens, Rails -v 3.2.3 I'm working with an app that is supposed to display a description & url of a submitted link, I am using regex operators, which is something i am very new too. here is my views code: (<%= if link.url =~ /(:\/\/) ([^\/])/ then $2 else "wrong URL" end %>) however with every link i submit, the url is always wrong URL.... is this because $2 is the wrong regex operator? or is the /(:\/\/) ([^\/])/ section incorrect in Rails 3? A: Kill that space in the middle! The regex you're showing expects a space between the :// and the sub.domain.tld chunks; since no URLs have that, the regex won't match anything. The simplest change should be: /(:\/\/)([^\/])/ Or, to clean it up a little more (you don't need the first pair of parentheses): (<%= if link.url =~ /:\/\/([^\/])/ then $1 else "wrong URL" end %>) Hope that helps!	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
1. Field The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for driving a pneumatically operated implantable device, such as an artificial heart. 2. Discussion of Related Art Artificial hearts are typically constructed with right and left ventricles that function generally like and may replace the right and left ventricles of a native heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the subject's body and delivers this blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs of a subject and delivers this blood throughout the subject's body. Each ventricle of the artificial heart 100, like that shown in FIG. 1, includes a movable diaphragm 102 that is positioned between an air chamber 104 and a blood chamber 106 within the ventricle. The air chamber includes a single inlet/outlet 108 that is in fluid communication with a pneumatic driver. A blood inlet valve 110 provides a one-way entrance into the blood chamber 106 from the circulatory system of a subject and a blood outlet valve 112 provides a one-way outlet from the blood chamber. To replicate the systole of a native heart, pressurized air is provided to the air chamber in each ventricle of the artificial heart. The pressurized air displaces the diaphragm within the ventricle, reducing the volume of the blood chamber and causing blood to be ejected through the outlet valve and into the circulatory system of the subject. To replicate the diastole of a native heart, pressure is relieved from the air chamber of the ventricle, which allows blood to enter the blood chamber from the circulatory system of the subject. One example of an artificial heart is the CARDIOWEST Total Artificial Heart (TAH-t), as illustrated in FIG. 1. The TAH-t has left 114 and right 116 ventricles with a displacement of 70 cubic centimeters each. The TAH-t is used as a bridge-to-transplant type device, whereby the TAH-t is configured to replace a diseased heart on a temporary basis until a subject receives a transplanted human heart. The TAH-t may potentially, however, also be used as a permanent replacement for a native heart.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
On the mechanism of action of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The oxidation of 6-methyltetrahydropterin and tetrahydrobiopterin coupled to the formation of tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase generates a precursor species to the quinonoid product that is tentatively identified as a 4a-hydroxy adduct based on its spectral similarity to the 4a-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-deazatetrahydropterin. The rate of appearance of this intermediate and that of tyrosine are equal and hydroxylase catalyzed in accord with the completion of the hydroxylation event. This observation, which confirms and extends an earlier one by Kaufman [Kaufman, S. (1975) in Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines (Pfleiderer, W., Ed.) p 291, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin], serves to link the reaction courses followed by pterin and pyrimidine cofactor analogues and supports the hypothesis that the 4a position is a site of O2 attachment. Thus, as expected, no prereduction of the enzyme was observed in anaerobic experiments utilizing stoichiometric amounts of enzyme and tetrahydropterin in the presence or absence of 1 mM phenylalanine. Activation of the hydroxylase by 1 mM lysolecithin leads to oxidation of the tetrahydropterin in the absence of phenylalanine. A ring-opened pyrimidine analogue of the tetrahydropterin, 2,5-diamino-4-[(meso-1-methyl-2-aminopropyl)amino]-6-hydroxypyrimidine, was studied to examine the possibility of tetrahydropterin ring opening in the enzymatic reaction prior to 4a-hydroxy adduct formation. However, no hydroxylase-catalyzed ring closure was observed.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Death and Diamonds (film) Death and Diamonds () is a 1968 German thriller film directed by Harald Reinl and starring George Nader, Carl Möhner, and Heinz Weiss. It was part of the Jerry Cotton series of films about an FBI agent. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ernst H. Albrecht. Location shooting took place in Los Angeles, Berlin and the Dalmatian coast. Plot Jerry Cotton goes undercover to take out a criminal organisation including its bosses. Disguised as a British specialist for alarm systems he joins the gang which has a preference for diamonds. Taking part in their current activities he tries to get to their leaders. Although he works as prudent as he can he arouses suspicion and becomes a target himself. Cast References Bibliography External links Category:1968 films Category:West German films Category:1960s action thriller films Category:1960s heist films Category:1960s sequel films Category:1960s spy thriller films Category:German action thriller films Category:German sequel films Category:German spy thriller films Category:German heist films Category:German-language films Category:Films directed by Harald Reinl Category:Films set in the United States Category:Films based on crime novels Category:Films based on German novels Category:Constantin Film films Category:Films shot at Tempelhof Studios	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tiran, Iran Tiran (, also Romanized as Tīrān; also known as Tehrān, Tihrān, and Tirūn) is a city in and the capital of Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15,673, in 4,431 families. References Category:Populated places in Tiran and Karvan County Category:Cities in Isfahan Province	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Preliminary studies on the use of solid-phase immunosorbent techniques for the rapid detection of Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) IgM by haemagglutination-inhibition. Serum samples from 446 randomly selected persons belonging to different age groups and locations in Nigeria were tested for the presence of WSLV IgM using the flavivirus haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test adopted to the solid-phase immunosorbent technique (SPIT). 61 (14%) persons had IgM to WSLV only, while 9 (2%) persons had heterologous IgM to WSLV and two other flaviviruses, namely yellow fever and Uganda S viruses. There was a high prevalence of IgM in people of younger age groups than those in older groups. The majority of the IgM positive sera (67 (96%) of the 70 positive sera reacted to high titres (>21:80). With the conventional HI tests, 314 (70%) of the total sera tested had HI antibodies to one or more flaviviruses (yellow fever, West Nile, Potiskum, Zika and Uganda S) out of which 305/314 (97%) had antibodies to 3 or more flaviviruses used in the tests. Although SPIT may not be as sensitive as the conventional HI test, it was found to be more specific and could be adopted for the detection of early WSLV infections in flavivirus hyperendemic environments.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Claire Zulkey (Zulkey.com) joins Stephen, Andrew, Leonard and RJ to discuss tinned fish, the films of Peter Watkins and folk music. They then all complain about cellular smart-tele-phones like old people. 2011, EVERYONE! Oh – also, the show will now be produced every other week.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Car -1 -1 -10 575 171 597 191 1.51 1.59 3.86 -1.10 0.79 55.82 -1.57 0.01	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
I finished season three of Breaking Bad last night. Chris, I certainly wanted it to keep going and resolve some stuff, but I'm okay with waiting. I was still engaged through the season as a whole. Now I'm onto Mad Men. I just watched the BD version of FOTR. My overall impression was that it looked pretty good and noticeably better than the DVD version in some scenes. In the scenes I’ve demoed a lot I could tell that the audio was remixed so the voices weren’t drowned out by the music however, there were still several scenes where that still happened. There were only a couple scenes that looked abnormally blue mainly in the snow and in a few dark scenes. But otherwise it wasn’t distracting even though I was looking for it. OTOH the image sharpness seemed very inconsistent. Some scenes look crystal clear while the next one might look a little soft or hazy. IMO this was far more noticeable than any blue tinting. I felt it was downright distracting at times. Afterwards I popped the DVD version in my other Oppo and chaptered through doing an A/B comparison. For picture quality there is no comparison, the BD strikingly superior in every way both on my 134” screen and 46” HDTV, more noticeable on the screen of course. OTOH I didn’t notice nearly the same improvement in the audio quality. LFE and surround sound seemed the same. As I already noted there were some scenes where the music was toned down a bit on the BD version so that it didn’t overpower everything else but there were still a few places where it did. So based on what I saw and heard I would certainly upgrade for the picture quality alone but don’t do it if you’re looking only for a better audio experience. I've only watched select scenes from Fellowship so far, but they were enough to remind me how much the movies annoy me. I think I'm regretting my purchase. Ha ha. I finished season 4 of Mad Men. There sure are some compelling TV series these days. It's getting harder and harder to sit through movies when it feels so much more rewarding to watch shows that have the opportunity to develop the characters that much more. I can't remember what show I was going to work on next. Hmm.... I got my friend to start watching Friday Night Lights and Curb Your Enthusiasm with me, so it will be nice to revisit those. It's nice to be able to alternate between Larry David being a dork and the amped up drama of Friday Night Lights. I watched "Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole" last night. I was very impressed with the quality of this movie. The reviews had said that this movie had the best quality ever seen in both video and audio. I was a little reluctant to buy it because others had said that the story sucked, but I disagree. The story wasn't bad at all. I got this movie yesterday for $9.66 after store discount and using $10 worth of BB rewards coupons. I saw that "Falling Skies" was on after "Leverage". I didn't check it out yet, but I'll give it a shot and report back. EDIT: I'll tack on here. Has any anime fan watched either The Girl Who Leapt through Time, or Summer Wars? I'm thinking about give each of them a rent. I've watched both and like them both. The Girl Who Leapt through Time is funny at the beginning but a little bit sad in the end while Summer Wars is about family and love. Neither of them is for children. Highly recommended if you like Japanese anime. Talking about animes, I used to love them when I was younger but then haven't watched any in like 10 years. So a couple of weeks ago I decided to look on the net for a few recommendations. I ended up buying Evangelion 1.11 and Afro Samurai. I watched both this weekend. I really liked Afro Samurai. I's a 5 episodes movie that lasts about 2 hours. The story is very good with the development of both the main character and the plot so are the video and audio. As for Evangelion, I was expecting more. While the Video and Audio are top notch (a little more LFE wouldn't hurt), I found the story a bit confusing and not that rich. Given that I am not familiar with the older show, I might not understand everything and it seems that the whole story will be developed throughout 5 movies. I will most definitely buy Afro Samurai Resurrection and will probably download Evangelion 2.22 before buying it. Another that I just bought on Ebay is Paprika, supposedly a good scifi anime, I'll let you know.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
The reason that I was quite silent during the last days is called WACK. It is something that my colleague Manfred Weber and me here at coma2 are working on. We think that it might be quite useful. WACK means "Window Application Control Kit" and does what it says: Windows. But we think that it will do that quite well and flexible. It will be a component, it will be free and it will be available soon on quasimondo.com. Unfortunately I have to leave in a hurry, so here is something I quickly hacked together... Comments are welcome indeed. You guys might be interested in checking out my application framework for ideas and inspiration. I am currently building FlashOS2, which includes a set of flash RAD "modules", including: the OS (basically a resource and settings loading, initializing and management system), windows, menus, tooltips, content panes, debugger, screen manager, and more - all built around documented APIs. You will be able to view information on it within the next day or two at my site http://gskinner.com/ (which should be going live today or tomorrow - it's late by a few days grin). FlashOS2 is a complete re-write, and re-think of my FlashOS1 project (Flash 5), which is still accessible at http://zeroera.com/ This isn't meant to be a personal plug. Just thought you might be interested to see a similar project. Of course I know FlashOS - who doesn't? It's great and I guess that we will not get close to what you have already accomplished. I already wondered when you would release the MX version of it. I'm looking forward to see how you solved certain things... Finally got the new gskinner.com site up (though missing a lot of content). Has some limited info on FlashOS2, including some early screen shots, descriptions, and an older entity map. The new site is actually built in FlashOS2 - though it only uses a few of it's resources. I'll also be open-sourcing a lot of FlashOS1 (much to my own embarassment - it's not the best code on earth) in the near future, along with some of my other past projects. btw: your site isn't displaying properly today in IE5.2 for MacOS10.2. Can send you a screen grab if you'd like. I am going to be looking over both projects as we need this for a RAD template engine we need for an e-learning project. I have been watching closely FlashOS X :) but I would love to hear more on WACK.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
‘Why is Neymar not worth €600m?’ – Buffon puzzles over Barcelona star’s fee The veteran goalkeeper believes that things have gone crazy this summer and believes that some of the prices are entirely "random" star Gianluigi Buffon has admitted that he does not understand the fees that players are being bought and sold for in this transfer market. Get Juventus Serie A title odds Neymar, for example, has been associated with a €222 million move from to , while there has also been speculation that striker Kylian Mbappe could make a €180m transfer to , , PSG or Barcelona. “It all sounds fake,” the 39-year-old goalkeeper told Gazzetta dello Sport. “Why is Neymar worth €220m and not €600m? My grandfather always said: ‘Inflate and inflate, but the balloon will always burst.’ “I can’t understand the parameters for evaluating a player anymore. It’s all very random and everything is in the hands of the people who have the most money: today it’s 10 but tomorrow it’s 100.” The Juve legend believes that his side’s domestic dominance will be challenged by , purely because of the cash the San Siro club have splashed. “I think they’ll be competitors because they have spent so much money, even if there is a state of indefinite value in this market,” he said. Juventus in for Balde & Matuidi Juventus go into this campaign, which Buffon has said may be his last, seeking a seventh successive domestic crown, having claimed a record sixth in May.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
A case report of an adolescent with cluster headaches following neck trauma: Coincidence or trigger? Posttraumatic headaches usually have tension-type or migraine-like characteristics. A correlation between head trauma and cluster headaches (CH) has been previously reported. CH in children are rare and require thorough differential diagnosis. We present an original case of a 15-year-old boy with cluster headaches associated with allodynia probably evoked by a neck trauma. Severe headache attacks started one month after neck trauma. At the beginning clinical presentation of our patient's headaches was very misleading. Headaches were bilateral and associated with infection. Initial diagnosis of sinusitis was made. During further observation headaches have become unilateral with typical for CH associated symptoms and additionally with allodynia. Other causes of secondary CH like cervicogenic headaches, brain tumor and vascular malformation have been excluded. The boy has undergone prophylactic treatment based on flunarizine and gabapentin with good result. Possible pathogenesis of our patient's headaches has been proposed and diagnostic traps discussed.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Q: Update value in JSON object using NodeJS I've got a JSON object that's being submitted to a AWS Lambda NodeJS function. This JSON object has an apostrophe in one of the fields that I need to escape before it's being inserted into a MySQL database. The object needs to stay intact as it's being stored as a JSON object in the database. I've looked at string replace functions but those won't work since this is a JSON object natively. I'm sure there is a simple answer here, I'm just very new to NodeJS and haven't found a way after searching around for a few hours. Thanks in advance! The field I need to update is 2.1 below: Example of the BAD JSON Object: { "field1": "ABCD1234DEFG4567", "field2": "FBI", "fieldgroup": { "1.1": "ABCD", "1.2": 20170721, "1.3": "ABCD", "2.1": "L'astName, FirstName M" } } Example of the FINAL JSON object: { "field1": "ABCD1234DEFG4567", "field2": "FBI", "fieldgroup": { "1.1": "ABCD", "1.2": 20170721, "1.3": "ABCD", "2.1": "L''astName, FirstName M" } } A: const o = { "field1": "ABCD1234DEFG4567", "field2": "FBI", "fieldgroup": { "1.1": "ABCD", "1.2": 20170721, "1.3": "ABCD", "2.1": "L'astName, FirstName M" } }; const preparedObject = prepare(o); console.log(JSON.stringify(preparedObject, null, 4)); function prepare(o) { const replacedStrings = Object.keys(o) .filter(key => typeof o[key] === "string") .reduce((accu, key) => ({ ...accu, [key]: o[key].replace("'", "''") }), {}); const preparedChildren = Object.keys(o) .filter(key => typeof o[key] === "object") .reduce((accu, key) => ({ ...accu, [key]: prepare(o[key]) }), {}); return { ...o, ...replacedStrings, ...preparedChildren }; }	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Background {#Sec1} ========== Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a relatively infrequent but potentially fatal complication of pulmonary resection. BPF can be divided into peripheral or central, based on the location of the leakage, and BPF occurs in about 1.5 to 28 % of pneumonectomy cases, and is associated with high death rate \[[@CR9], [@CR30]\]. It is estimated that incidence of BPF after pneumonectomy and lobectomy for lung cancer is 4.5--20 % and 0.5 %, respectively, and the incidence of BPF is highest after right pulmonary resection and right lower lobectomy \[[@CR31]\]. The etiology of BPF includes incomplete tumor resection, use of steroids, intraoperative infection and prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation as major risk factors of BPF \[[@CR31]\]. The clinical manifestations of BPF can be frequently classified as acute, subacute, and chronic. An acute BPF presents as tension pneumothorax, with pleural cavity communicating abnormally with the airways, and is associated with purulent sputum expectoration, dyspnea, and reduction in established pleural effusion \[[@CR22]\]. The presentations of subacute and chronic BPF are commonly related to a pleural space with infection, manifesting as a more invisible form with fever, dry cough, and malaise with different levels of respiratory disorder \[[@CR33]\]. Traditional treatments of BPF include thoracotomy after drainage and primary repair, which is based on vascularized muscular flaps and omental grafts tissues \[[@CR20]\]. Amplatzer vascular plug, which was originally designed for the transcatheter closure of vascular structures, has also been reported as a safe and effective method to treat small postoperative BPF \[[@CR9]\]. Fruchter et al. also found that the technique of Amplatzer double-disk occluder implantation may be suitable for both large and small BPFs which originate from the main bronchi and lobar bronchi, respectively \[[@CR8]\]. Additionally, endoscopic approaches and bronchoscopy are common methods of treating BPF to avoid thoracotomy \[[@CR27], [@CR36]\]. Bronchofiberscope (BFS) is a precision instrument employed to diagnose bronchial diseases using of the light guide composed by the fine fibers formed by tens of thousands of high transmittance glass or acrylic resin \[[@CR12], [@CR16]\]. BFS is designed to offer advantageous features such as easy operation method, clear vision, mild trauma, tolerance of surgery by patients, and high safety profile, which reduces or avoids complications associated with tracheotomy and prevents local infection \[[@CR25], [@CR32]\]. Clinically, BFS has multiple uses, including removing foreign bodies, eliminating secretions, treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma, central lung cancer, alveolar cell carcinoma, esophageal fistula, hemoptysis, obstruction, assisting endotracheal intubation treatment and placing gastric tube \[[@CR1], [@CR11], [@CR21]\]. Previous studies have revealed that BFS is also an excellent diagnostic tool for early detection of various intrabronchial injuries, and the attached biopsy sampling feature is helpful in the identification of early lesions, and to carry out poly excision surgery for the studies on bronchus and lung diseases \[[@CR15], [@CR18], [@CR19]\]. Previous studies reported various treatment methods for BPF using BFS, and the methods include gelfoam, shot put plugs, and tissue adhesives. However, these methods have significant deficiencies, evident from the fact that treatment fistula under 3 mm was efficient using these methods, but they show poor efficacy in treatment of BPF beyond 3 mm, particularly those beyond 10 mm \[[@CR6], [@CR28], [@CR35], [@CR37]\]. Phenol, also named carbolic acid, is a sweet-smelling colorless liquid used to prepare resins, preservatives, fungicides, drugs (e.g., aspirin), and also is used to disinfect surgical instruments \[[@CR4], [@CR24], [@CR38]\]. 88 % carbolic acid was found to be efficacious with all alopecia areata patients and can be considered as a treatment of choice for stable alopecia areata \[[@CR3]\]. Moreover, spot peel with 88 % phenol can be a cost-effective procedure for idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, which can be combined with other medical therapies \[[@CR26]\]. There are no studies using carbolic acid to treat BPF with the help of BFS at present. Therefore, we investigated the efficiency of carbolic acid treatment of BPF in post-pulmonectomy patients, by instilled 100 % carbolic acid with the aid of BFS. Methods {#Sec2} ======= Ethics statement {#Sec3} ---------------- This study was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Review Board of Liaoning Tumor Hospital, Shenyang. The informed written consent was collected from each eligible patient and the whole study was performed based on the Declaration of Helsinki \[[@CR14]\]. Study population {#Sec4} ---------------- A total of 12 patients with post-pulmonectomy BPF were enrolled at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaoning Tumor Hospital, Shenyang between February 2009 and March 2012. Orificium fistulae were confirmed by bronchoscope and the average diameter was 4.5 mm. The eligible patients included eight males and three females, with an average age of 56 years (range, 45 \~ 71 years). Three patients had BPF after the right pneumonectomy, six after the left pneumonectomy, one after the right middle and low lobectomy and two after left upper lobectomy. Preoperotive preparation {#Sec5} ------------------------ Electrocardiogram, routine blood tests and biochemical examination were performed in all the patients. Patients were fasted for 4 \~ 6 h in preparation for surgery and received 10 mg diazepam and 1 mg atropine via intramuscular injection about 30 min before operation. In addition, 1 % lidocaine was used for nasopharyngeal anesthesia by nebulizer. Intraoperative methods {#Sec6} ---------------------- All patients were instructed to take supine position except 2 patients with short breath in sitting position. The BFS (Olympus BF1T40) was inserted into the trachea through nasal cavity. Heart rate, blood pressure and SpO2 was monitored. Patients received local nasopharyngeal anesthesia with 2 % lidocaine to alleviate irritant reaction. The bronchus around the suture was bubbling when the patient breathed deeply. The fistula was observed via BFS. After the drainage of secretion, hematocele or pus around the BPF, a bronchoscopy biopsy forceps was used for removing necrotic tissues and a 1.8 mm flexible tube was guided through the biopsy hole. The distal end of BFS was brought out and fixed 0.3 cm above the fistula. With breath holding, 100 % carbolic acid solution (0.5--1.0 ml) was instilled to bronchial mucosa through the BFS. The bronchial mucosa became pale after treatment and finally the flexible tube and bronchoscope were removed. Postoperative and histological observation {#Sec7} ------------------------------------------ After the surgery, the patients were treated with closed drainage of thoracic cavity, anti-inflammatory, symptomatic and supportive treatments. Gas discharge in thoracic drainage tube was observed, and fistula healing were measured via BFS. The treatments were repeated if there was gas discharge from thoracic drainage tube, or further observations were made. Patients could leave hospital after blood routine test showing no evidence of dyspnea, fever, positive culture of fluid drainage (3 times). Paraffin sections (4 \~ 6 μm) of bronchial stump were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the irritation of bronchial stump after instilled with carbolic acid solution. Results {#Sec8} ======= Outcome characteristics of BPF {#Sec9} ------------------------------ In the 12 patients with BPF, the median diameter of the BPF orifice was 4.5 mm, according to the intraoperative observation. Specifically, 3 patients showed a fistula diameter of 3 mm or smaller, 6 patients showed a fistula diameter of 3 \~ 5 mm, and 3 patients exhibited a fistula diameter of 5 mm or larger, 1 of whom had a fistula diameter of 7 mm (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}). Serious complications, such as haemorrhage, severe dyspnea and SpO2 declines, did not occur in all the 12 patients during bronchoscopic therapy. Of note, BPF orifices in 5 patients closed after 5 treatments with carbolic acid, 1 patient through 2 treatments, 1 patient through 3 treatments, 2 patients through 4 treatments and 3 patients through 7 treatments (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Follow-up was conducted for six months after bronchoscopy. Based on the data collected, the average treatment time of the 12 patients was calculated as 20 min and the average time of fistula closure was 30 days. Importantly, the cure rate was 100 %.Table 1Characteristics and outcomes of BPF patientsAge\ (y)GenderInitial symptomSurgical methodBronchopleural fistulaeSize (mm)Treatment timesCure time (d)Follow up148maleLow feverRight PNY3535alive256maleHigh feverRight PNY3.5535alive350maleBlood sputumLeft PNY1321alive471maleIrritating coughLeft upper LBY1.5428alive557femaleLow feverRight upper LBY4535alive665maleFever/air bubbleLeft PNY5749unknown764maleCough/feverLeft PNY7749alive859maleCough/feverRight PNY1214alive962maleLow feverLeft upper LBY4749alive1058maleFever/sputumLeft PNY5535alive1145maleLow feverLeft PNY3.5428alive1256malesputumLeft PNY4535aliveBPF bronchopleural fistula, y years, PNY pneumonectomy, LBY lobectomy, d daysFig. 1The treatment process of carbolic acid: a the BPF (about 1 mm); b infused by the carbolic acid; c BPF narrowed after 2 times instillation, and bubbles appeared after carbolic acid infused with saline; d repositioned the fistula, and three times later the BPF healed. Note: BPF, bronchopleural fistula HE staining {#Sec10} ----------- HE staining was performed to observe bronchial stumps stimulated by carbolic acid infusion. The biopsy showed that the white flat hyperplasia tissue (bronchial stumps tissue) after carbolic acid treatment was inflammatory granulation tissue. Furthermore, it was found that the tissue was loose and dropsical, with a small amount of proliferation of irregularly distributed fibroblast, small vascular proliferation, a large number of plasma cells and lymphocyte infiltration, and a small amount of irregularly arranged squamous epithelial hyperplasia, as shown in Fig. [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}.Fig. 2Results of HE staining observing bronchial stumps tissues stimulated by carbolic acid infusion. Note: HE, hematoxylin and eosin Discussion {#Sec11} ========== BPF is defined as an abnormal communication between a lobar or the main bronchus and the pleural space, and continues to be a severe surgery complication, which is related to high morbidity and mortality \[[@CR13]\]. Risk factors associated with BPF incidence are fever, steroid use, anemia, leukocytosis and tracheostomy, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Haemophilus influenzae in sputum and bronchoscopy for sputum suction or mucus plugging \[[@CR2]\]. Recently, a number of flexible bronchoscopic techniques have been used to seal BPFs. These materials include cyanoacrylate-based glues, absorbable gelatine sponge, vascular embolisation devices, and fibrin compounds \[[@CR7], [@CR10]\]. In this study, we describe a novel approach of using carbolic acid for the closure of fistulas. Carbolic acid has a strong reaction with mucosal tissues, and pure carbolic acid corrodes mucosa completely in 60 s. When carbolic acid contacts the mucosal surface, the mucosa tissues is rapidly degenerated (pale), and mucosal inflammation stimulate exudation and proliferation, finally resulting in the closure of fistula \[[@CR34]\]. Carbolic acid is widely used for disinfecting appendiceal stump in appendicitis operation and in the treatment of suspected TB contaminants in tuberculosis surgery \[[@CR5], [@CR17]\]. We describe a simple, safe and effective way to instill 100 % carbolic acid through BFS in the treatment of BPF. The 12 patients treated with carbolic acid successfully reached fistula closure, with the total effective rate at 100 % without any adverse reactions of hemoptysis and dyspnea. A reasonable explanation might be that carbolic acid is relatively safe, a small amount of acid liquid overflow will not cause serious injuries to normal mucosal \[[@CR29]\]. A number of advantages are embodied in the instillation of carbolic acid under BFS. First, this method is easy to perform and, based on it success rate in this study, likely to be readily accepted by the patients, and patient hospitalization is unnecessary if they are in good condition. Second, for patients who have larger fistula with significant pleural effusion and sputum, this therapeutic tool can rapidly relieve the symptoms and avoid aspiration pneumonia. Third, the fistula location, size, shape can be clearly orientated. Finally, it can help reduce operative risks, decrease mortality rate as well as the cost of treatment for BPF \[[@CR13]\]. Our results also revealed that the healing time of fistula is positively correlated to its size. Based on the clinical observations of series of cases, we summarize that fistula \< 5 mm healed in much shorter time compared to fistula ≥ 5 mm. However, if the size of fistula exceeded certain limit, it might be difficult to heal due to the potential lack of healthy mucosa to stimulate proliferation and regenerate tissue \[[@CR23]\]. Our study presents clear evidence that use of carbolic acid for BPF treatment under the inspection of BFS is safe and 100 % effective. However, our findings need to be interpreted with caution due to limitations in the study. A limitation is the small number of patients with BPF who underwent BFS. Therefore, our study contained a relatively smaller sample size, which might restrict the application of our results to a wider population. Further studies using large sample size and better study designs will be necessary to confirm our findings. Conclusion {#Sec12} ========== In conclusion, we achieved 100 % efficacy in treatment of BPF with carbonic acid through BFS, with BPF size ranging from 3--7 mm in diameter. The described procedure is simple, safe and an effective choice for BPF patients, with little pain and at relatively low cost. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions Z Wang and YY Liu carried out the molecular genetic studies, HB Yu participated in the sequence alignment and Q Luo drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. We would like to acknowledge the reviewers for their helpful comments on this paper.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }
South Korean ladies' soccer dynamo Park Eun-Seon is good at her sport. Real good. Like, man good. At least, according to a cabal of her fellow women's soccer league players, who have threatened to stop playing unless the league subjects Park to a humiliating gender test and releases the results to the public. »11/08/13 3:10pm 11/08/13 3:10pm	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Florida Department of CorrectionsJulie L. Jones, Secretary Average Sentence Length of Admissions: 4.7 Years Most (56.7%) of those admitted to prison this fiscal year were sentenced to three years or less. The average sentence for everyone admitted to prison this fiscal year was 4.7 years. For calculation purposes, those sentenced to 50 years or longer, life or death was coded as 50-year sentences. Men who received death sentences are housed on death row at either Union C. I. or Florida State Prison. Women on death row are located at Lowell Annex. Anyone sentenced to prison today for a crime committed on or after October 1, 1995 will have served 85% of their sentence or more by the time they are released. Sentence Length for Current Commitment Sentence Length White Males White Females Black Males Black Females Other Males Other Females Total Percent Cumulative Percent Gt 1 To 2 Years 6,447 1,480 5,971 751 497 48 15,194 39.2% 39.2% Gt 2 To 3 Years 2,936 496 2,791 287 221 23 6,754 17.4% 566% Gt 3 To 5 Years 3,179 428 3,275 213 273 11 7,379 19.0% 75.6% Gt 5 To 10 Years 2,137 220 2,283 135 192 11 4,978 12.8% 88.5% Gt 10 To 20 Years 1,160 91 1,298 64 119 5 2,737 7.1% 95.6% Gt 20 Years Or More 692 22 892 24 63 0 1,693 4.4% 100.0% Data Unavailable 282 64 201 39 32 1 619 Total 16,833 2,801 16,711 1,513 1,397 99 39,354 100.0% Average 4.6 2.7 5.2 3.1 5.0 2.8 4.7 Median 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.9 2.5 2.0 2.2 * GT - Greater than, LE - less than or equal to. ** Sentence lengths of 50 years or longer, life, and death are coded as 50 years for calculations of averages and medians. Sentence lengths for Whites remained about the same in FY 2008-09. The same measure increased slightly for Blacks. The average sentence lengths of "Others" such as Chinese, Native American, Japanese and those of Latin descent were the lowest this last fiscal year than any other year in the five year comparison.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
by G Edds / 0 Comments / 117 View / August 1, 2016 By Tony Adams Sports Editor Stratasys Direct Marketing, formerly know as Harvest Technologies, is a company that specializes in radid prototype design, three-dimensional computer-aided drafting (3D CAD), and the production of parts for multiple industries, such as the medical, aeronautic and aviation fields. Stratasys held a “Take Your Children to Work Day” to show some of the youth in the Belton area what Stratasys does and how they help make some of the things that we take for granted on an everyday basis better. Children were able to see how powder mixes were molded and baked into parts. They also got an opportunity to see how computers are used in the making of the parts. The pictures should tell you the amount of information the children processed and the interest level was at a high, especially with those on summer vacation preparing to return back to school. Related	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Patient-based surveying: a cost-effective approach for reaching large markets. Member-based surveying is an important tool for managed care companies to discern newer and better ways in which to keep their current members satisfied, develop products that will attract new members, and to gauge changes of course in health consumer opinion. This article discusses a consumer friendly and cost-effective method to survey members and the general public that has produced a very positive response for a modest investment. The response rate will likely improve over time as the method gains broader acceptance.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Singing is hard. But like anything else, practice helps — whether you’re a professionally trained vocalist or just want to sound less pitchy for your next karaoke outing. Besides, traditional vocal coaches are an expensive investment if you’re not planning on a career that’s musical in nature. Vanido is a new app that might be able to help, claiming to be a “personal singing coach” by offering personalized daily exercises to improve both your voice and your ability to recognize notes. The app is built around “real-time visual pitch detection” — i.e., detecting what note you’re singing and showing you the results visually as you sing it. Each day the app will give you a set of three exercises to try, broken up by four categories: agility, foundation, chest voice, and head voice. Vanido looks to gamify your daily practice by grading your performance on a three-star scale, and awarding experience and level ups (although right now, there’s no social features for comparing stats with friends). I spent some time trying out Vanido, but while the app is a cool concept when it works, it’s still very much a work in progress. Vanido fared well when it came to recognizing notes, and dialed in on my range pretty accurately. But I ran into some issues when it came to actually working through the exercises. While the voice recognition works seamlessly with the iPhone’s built-in microphone, the daily exercises require a pair of headphones with a mic, and despite my best efforts in trying (along with multiple pairs of headphones) I couldn’t get Vanido to smoothly process notes. That said, the app is incredibly well designed, with bright colors and a fun interface, and for what it’s worth, the developers fully acknowledge that things are still in active development. As it is, the exercise list has a note that “new games are added with each update,” and the main menu of the app has a grayed-out “Vocal Heat” warm-up that should be coming soon, so there’s clearly more to come. Vanido is available now on the App Store for iOS users, with an Android version also in the works. I’ve only really used the app for a single day, so it’s hard to tell at this whether or not the daily practice will actually extend my range or make me a better singer in the long run. Still, assuming the app continues to get updated and those mic issues get sorted out, I can see it being a fun addition to my daily schedule. And who knows, maybe some day I’ll finally be able to hit that high note in “Take On Me.”	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Q: Simple probability inequality to show How can I show that $ P(A \cup B) P(A\cap B) \le P(A) P(B)$ for any events A and B? I have tried using the inclusion/exclusion principle and using conditional probability but I keep going round in circles. Thanks A: Let $X=A\backslash B$, $Y=A\cap B$, $Z=B\backslash A$ be three disjoint events and $x=P(X)$, $y=P(Y)$, $z=P(Z)$ ($x,y,z \geq 0$). Then: $$P(A)=x+y\\P(B)=y+z\\P(A\cup B)=x+y+z\\P(A\cap B)=y$$ So $$P(A)P(B)-P(A\cup B)P(A\cap B)=\\(x+y)(y+z)-y(x+y+z)=\\xy+xz+y^2+yz-xy-y^2-yz = \\ xz \geq 0$$ Thus: $$P(A)P(B)\geq P(A\cup B)P(A\cap B)$$	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Norm Solomon on the Green Party’s Presidential Campaign The 2004 Presidential Race: Green Dreams The Green Party and the ’04 Presidential Campaign The Green Party makes no secret that it is different and radical: a multi-decade effort to bring justice and fairness into politics and into every facet of society. Norm Solomon simply won’t admit that the Green Party is unique, growing in a new paradigm that the old decaying parties refuse to acknowledge — and missing out on this truth leads Solomon to make mistakes in his views about the Greens. by Norman Solomon Activists have plenty of good reasons to challenge the liberal Democratic Party operatives who focus on election strategy while routinely betraying progressive ideals. Unfortunately, the national Green Party now shows appreciable signs of the flip side — focusing on admirable ideals without plausible strategy. Running Ralph Nader for president is on the verge of becoming a kind of habitual crutch — used even when the effect is more damaging than helpful. The Progress Report — Ralph Nader has run for president less often than Ronald Reagan, George Bush Sr., or Richard Nixon. So what? Is there a rule that says Nader is not allowed to run? It’s impossible to know whether the vote margin between Bush and his Democratic challenger will be narrow or wide in November 2004. I’ve never heard a credible argument that a Nader campaign might help to defeat Bush next year. A Nader campaign might have no significant effect on Bush’s chances — or it could turn out to help Bush win. With so much at stake, do we really want to roll the dice this way? The Progress Report — Who is this “we” that is rolling the dice? Each political party nominates a candidate for president. That’s their business. If you want to participate, join a party and be active. We’re told that another Nader campaign will help to build the Green Party. But Nader’s prospects of coming near his nationwide 2000 vote total of 2.8 million are very slim; much more probable is that a 2004 campaign would win far fewer votes — hardly an indicator of, or contributor to, a growing national party. The Progress Report — That is a reasonable point against nominating Nader, and Green Party members are taking it into consideration. Nader is not currently a Green Party member, and his selection as that party’s nominee for president is not at all certain. It appears to me that the entire project of running a Green presidential candidate in 2004 is counter-productive. Some faithful will be energized, with a number of predictably uplifting “super rallies” along the way, but many past and potential Green voters are likely to consciously drift away. Such a campaign will generate much alienation and bitterness from natural constituencies. Ironically, the current Green party-building agenda looks like a scenario for actually damaging the party. The Progress Report — How does Norm Solomon reach this conclusion? He does not say. Green organizers often insist that another presidential run is necessary so that the party can energize itself and stay on the ballot in various states. But it would be much better to find other ways to retain ballot access while running stronger Green campaigns in selected local races. Overall, I don’t believe that a Green Party presidential campaign in 2004 will help build a viable political alternative from below. Some activists contend that the Greens will maintain leverage over the Democratic Party by conveying a firm intention to run a presidential candidate. I think that’s basically an illusion. The prospect of a Green presidential campaign is having very little effect on the Democratic nomination contest, and there’s no reason to expect that to change. The Democrats are almost certain to nominate a “moderate” corporate flack (in which category Howard Dean should be included). A few years ago, Nader and some others articulated the theory that throwing a scare into the Democrats would move them in a more progressive direction. That theory was disproved after November 2000. As a whole, congressional Democrats have not become more progressive since then. The Progress Report — True, the Democrats have not indicated that they have learned much of anything from the 2000 or the 2002 elections. That is a rather telling point against the Democrats, not the Greens. There has been a disturbing tendency among some Greens to conflate the Democratic and Republican parties. Yes, the agendas of the two major parties overlap. But they also diverge. And in some important respects, any of the Democratic presidential contenders would be clearly better than Bush (with the exception of Joseph Lieberman, whose nomination appears to be quite unlikely). For the left to be “above the fray” would be a big mistake. It should be a matter of great concern — not indifference or mild interest — as to whether the Bush gang returns to power for four more years. I’m not suggesting that progressives mute their voices about issues. The imperative remains to keep speaking out and organizing. As Martin Luther King Jr. said on April 30, 1967: “When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, militarism and economic exploitation are incapable of being conquered.” The left should continue to denounce all destructive policies and proposals, whether being promoted by Republicans or Democrats. At the same time, we should not gloss over the reality that the Bush team has neared some elements of fascism in its day-to-day operations — and forces inside the Bush administration would be well-positioned to move it even farther to the right after 2004. We don’t want to find out how fascistic a second term of George W. Bush’s presidency could become. The current dire circumstances should bring us up short and cause us to re-evaluate approaches to ’04. The left has a responsibility to contribute toward a broad coalition to defeat Bush next year. The Progress Report — This talk about “right versus left” merely serves to divide people when they should be united. The old right-left distinction ceased to be meaningful long ago. As the Green Party of Ontario says, “Rather than Left-Right, the new axis can be described as a green-grey spectrum. Green values include decentralization, sustainability, community-control, and diversity, while grey values are centralization, unsustainable industrial processes, trans- national control, and monoculture.” There are some Green Party proposals for a “safe states” strategy, with the party’s presidential nominee concentrating on states that seem sure to go for either Bush or the Democrat. But it’s not always clear whether a state is “safe” (for instance, how about California?). And the very act of a Green campaign focusing on some “safe states” might render a few of those states more susceptible to a Bush upset win. An additional factor is that presidential campaigns are largely nationwide. In 2000, despite unfair exclusion from the debates and the vast majority of campaign news coverage, Nader did appear on national radio and TV to a significant extent. And of course, more than ever, the Internet is teeming with progressive websites, listservs and e-mail forwarding. It doesn’t seem very practical to run as a national candidate while effectively urging people in some states not to vote for you when they see your name on the ballot — even if the candidate is inclined toward such a strategy. And that’s a big “if.” For all its talk of democratic accountability, the Green Party is hooked into the old-fashioned notion that a candidate, once nominated, decides how and where to campaign. It’s ironic that the party is likely to end up with a presidential candidate who will conduct the campaign exactly as he chooses, with no built-in post-nomination accountability to any constituency or group decision-making. Kind of sounds like the major parties in that respect; choose the candidate and the candidate does whatever he wants from that point forward. The Progress Report — Whether Norm Solomon likes it or not, candidates’ campaigns are not mere puppets controlled by a centralized party. We concur that the “safe states” strategy is a pack of nonsense — no political party should have to tie itself in knots just to be seen as nice by other political parties. Why should the Green Party cut down its own campaigns just to help the Democrats? Remember, please — the Democrats in New Mexico attempted to ban the Green Party. The Democrats in Maine attampted to ban the Green Party. You can’t get much less friendly than that. What national Democrats have deplored those attempts? No doubt, too many Democratic Party officials have been arrogant toward Green Party supporters. “Democrats have to face reality and understand that if they move too far to the right, millions of voters will defect or vote for third-party candidates,” Tom Hayden pointed out in a recent article . “Democrats have to swallow hard and accept the right of the Green Party and Ralph Nader to exist and compete.” At the same time, Hayden added cogently, “Nader and the Greens need a reality check. The notion that the two major parties are somehow identical may be a rationale for building a third party, but it insults the intelligence of millions of blacks, Latinos, women, gays, environmentalists and trade unionists who can’t afford the indulgence of Republican rule.” The Progress Report — Norm Solomon cannot have it both ways. Sometimes he indicates that the Green Party is a trivial band of naive idealists, but at other times he implies that it has terrific power to determine the outcome of the 2004 election. Let’s be consistent, shall we? The presidency of George W. Bush is not a garden-variety Republican administration. By unleashing its policies in this country and elsewhere in the world, the Bush gang has greatly raised the stakes of the next election. The incumbent regime’s blend of extreme militarism and repressive domestic policy should cause the left to take responsibility for helping to oust this far-right administration — rather than deferring to dubious scenarios for Green party-building. The Progress Report — Again with this left-right trap. Greens have said it a thousand times — the Green Party is neither left nor right, but out in front. Norm Solomon’s descriptions and criticisms are off the mark, because the Greens do not fit into his left-right paradigm. Greens have recognized the new paradigm where “grey versus green” makes sense, not “left versus right.” When Norm Solomon finally gets his hands around this concept (and he will), his remarks will be sharper and clearer. In an August essay, Michael Albert of Z Magazine wrote: “One post election result we want is Bush retired. However bad his replacement may turn out, replacing Bush will improve the subsequent mood of the world and its prospects of survival. Bush represents not the whole ruling class and political elite, but a pretty small sector of it. That sector, however, is trying to reorder events so that the world is run as a U.S. empire, and so that social programs and relations that have been won over the past century in the U.S. are rolled back as well. What these parallel international and domestic aims have in common is to further enrich and empower the already super rich and super powerful.” Albert pointed out some of the foreseeable consequences of another Bush term: “Seeking international Empire means war and more war — or at least violent coercion. Seeking domestic redistribution upward of wealth and power, most likely means assaulting the economy via cutbacks and deficits, and then entreating the public that the only way to restore functionality is to terminate government programs that serve sectors other than the rich, cutting health care, social services, education, etc.” And Albert added: “These twin scenarios will not be pursued so violently or aggressively by Democrats due to their historic constituency. More, the mere removal of Bush will mark a step toward their reversal.” Looking past the election, Albert is also on target: “We want to have whatever administration is in power after Election Day saddled by a fired up movement of opposition that is not content with merely slowing Armageddon, but that instead seeks innovative and aggressive social gains. We want a post election movement to have more awareness, more hope, more infrastructure, and better organization by virtue of the approach it takes to the election process.” I’m skeptical that the Green Party’s leadership is open to rigorously pursue a thoroughgoing safe-states approach along the lines that Albert has suggested in his essay . Few of the prominent Green organizers seem sufficiently flexible. For instance, one Green Party leader who advocates “a Strategic States Plan” for 2004 has gone only so far as to say that “most” of the party’s resources should be focused on states “where the Electoral College votes are not ‘in play.’” Generally the proposals coming from inside the Green Party seem equivocal, indicating that most party leaders are unwilling to really let go of traditional notions of running a national presidential campaign. I’m a green. But these days, in the battle for the presidency, I’m not a Green. The Progress Report — Sorry, Norm Solomon, you are not a green or a Green, because you insist on seeing Greens as just a bunch of forward-thinking sincere Democrats. You need to open up a new space in your mind where the Greens fit. It is not convenient nor easy to do this, but more and more Americans are doing it each day. Here in the United States, the Green Party is dealing with an electoral structure that’s very different from the parliamentary systems that have provided fertile ground for Green parties in Europe. We’re up against the winner-take-all U.S. electoral system. Yes, there are efforts to implement “instant runoff voting,” but those efforts will not transform the electoral landscape in this decade. And we should focus on this decade precisely because it will lead the way to the next ones. By now it’s an open secret that Ralph Nader is almost certain to run for president again next year. Nader has been a brilliant and inspirational progressive for several decades. I supported his presidential campaigns in 1996 and 2000. I won’t in 2004. The reasons are not about the past but about the future. _____________________ Norman Solomon is co-author of “Target Iraq: What the News Media Didn’t Tell You.” For an excerpt and other information, go to: www.contextbooks.com/new.html#target We are Hanno Beck, Lindy Davies, Fred Foldvary, Mike O'Mara, Jeff Smith, and assorted volunteers, all dedicated to bringing you the news and views that make a difference in our species struggle to win justice, prosperity, and eco-librium. I think that Ralph Nader should run again. I mean there’s a chance that it might take away votes from the democratic party and give more to George Bush. But even the democrats have taken actions against the greens. Norm Solomon shouldn’t think of greens as naive, he is not a green, so he should just accept the greens as not being just another democratic party but a party of their own. Solomon is right. We can’t afford a Bush victory in 2004. There is a time for plurality, and there is a time for concensus. If Bush wins the next election, all HELL is liable to break loose before 2008. It is imperative that we (and here Fred, I am referring to moderates, liberals, and progressives alike) temporarily abandon our differences, and unite to GET BUSH OUT OF POWER. If we don’t, we and the whole rest of the world are in for big trouble. The leaders of the Green Party know this, or at least they should know it. I don’t see how they can in good conscience run a candidate in competition with Bush’s opposition, no matter how unsatisfactory that opposition might be. The Greens are long on ideals, and short on strategy. Good strategy for them at this point, would be to endorse wholeheartedly the Democrats’ Kucinich; to publicly avail Kucinich of all the Greens’ considerable resources of PR and enthusiasm. To make a Kucinich nomination the condition for Green support of the Democrats. This would put both Kucinich AND the Greens in the media spotlight, which is exactly where they both need to be. Also, it would exert considerable pressure on the Democratic nominating process. Then, even if Kucinich loses the nomination to Dean or Kerry (which he probably would), a broad and ideologically cogent coalition will have been formed. And the Greens would still be free to, at the last moment, urge their supporters to vote for WHOEVER is opposing George Bush. I like your call for unity and consensus. You remark that the Greens don’t seem to be very interested in that, but my question is, are the Democrats? The Democrats have a much larger political party, and so far, there has been no “unity” talk emanating from them to the Greens — instead there has been continued scolding, threats, inaction on issues such as instant runoff voting, and — worst of all — attempts to ban the Green Party outright. Dennis Kucinich is the best member of Congress and the best of the announced Democratic candidates for president. It would be very reasonable for Green Party members to support his campaign, except for one thing. The Green Party is a political party, not a pressure group. Can you name some occasions when the Democratic Party officially endorsed a non-Democrat? Or when the Republican Party officially endorsed a non-Republican? Each of those parties has had more than 100 years to set such precedents. But, whether we like it or not, the business of a political party is to promote its own candidates. If the Green Party has the right to exist at all, then it has the right to nominate a Green for president. More than a right, in fact — an obligation, to its own members and to the future of the world. If the Democrats want a different arrangement, they’d better change their behavior and sit down at the bargaining table. But I don’t expect that. Advertise here. Arts & Letters Geonomics is … a POV that Spain’s president might try. A few blocks from my room in Madrid at a book fair to promote literacy, Sr Zapatero, while giving autographs and high fives to kids, said books are very expensive and he’d see about getting the value added tax on them cut down to zero. (El Pais, June 4; see, politicians can grasp geo-logic.) But why do we raise the cost of any useful product? Why not tax useless products? Even more basic: is being better than a costly tax good enough? Our favorite replacement for any tax is no tax: instead, run government like a business and charge full market value for the permits it issues, such as everything from corporate charters to emission allowances to resource leases. These pieces of paper are immensely valuable, yet now our steward, the state, gives them away for nearly free, absolutely free in some cases. Government is sitting on its own assets and needs merely to cash in by doing what any rational entity in the economy does – negotiate the best deal. Then with this profit, rather than fund more waste, pay the stakeholders, we citizenry, a dividend. Thereby geonomics gets rid of two huge problems. It replaces taxes with full-value fees and replaces subsidies for special interests with a Citizens Dividend for people in general. Neither left nor right, this reform is what both nature lovers and liberty lovers need to promote, right now. shaped by reality. In the 1980′s, the Swedish government doubled its stock transfer tax. Tax receipts, however, rose only 15%, since traders simply fled to London exchanges. Fearing a further exodus, the Swedish government quickly rescinded the tax altogether. (The New York Times, April 20) That willingness to tax anything leads us astray. Pushing us astray is that unwillingness to pay what we owe: rent for land, our common heritage. Assuming land value is up for grabs, we speculate. We cap the property tax on both land and buildings and the rate at which assessments can go up; while real market values rise quicker, assessments can never catch up. Our stewards, the Bureau of Land Management, routinely sell and lease sites below market value, often to insiders, says the Government Accounting Office. Once we grasp that rent is ours to share, we’ll collect it all, rather than let it enrich a few, and quit taxing earnings, which do belong to the individual earner. That shift is geonomic policy. the study of the money we spend on the nature we use. When we pay that money to private owners, we reward both speculation and over-extraction. Robert Kiyosaki’s bestseller, Rich Dad’s Prophecy, says, “One of the reasons McDonald’s is such a rich company is not because it sells a lot of burgers but because it owns the land at some of the best intersections in the world. The main reason Kim and I invest in such properties is to own the land at the corner of the intersection. (p 200) My real estate advisor states that the rich either made their money in real estate or hold their money in real estate.” (p 141, via Greg Young) When government recovers the rents for natural advantages for everyone, it can save citizens millions. Ben Sevack, Montreal steel manufacturer, tells us (August 12) that Alberta, by leasing oil & gas fields, recovers enough revenue to be the only province in Canada to get by without a sales tax and to levy a flat provincial income tax. While running for re-election, provincial Premier Ralph Klein proposes to abolish their income tax and promises to eliminate medical insurance premiums and use resource revenue to pay for all medical expense for seniors. After all this planned tax-cutting and greater expense, they still expect a large budget surplus. Even places without oil and gas have high site values in their downtowns, and high values in their utility franchises. Recover the values of locations and privileges, displace the harmful taxes on sales, salaries, and structures, then use the revenue to fund basic government and pay residents a dividend, and you have geonomics in action. close to the policy of the Garden Cities in England. Founded by Ebenezer Howard over a century ago, residents own the land in common and run the town as a business. Letchworth, the oldest of the model towns, serves residents grandly from bucketfuls of collected land rent (as does the Canadian Province of Alberta from oil royalty). A geonomic town would pay the rent to residents, letting them freely choose personalized services, and also ax taxes. Both geonomics and Howard were inspired by American proto-geonomist Henry George. The movement launched by Howard today in the UK advances the shift of taxes from buildings to locations. A recent report from the Town and Country Planning Association proposes this Property Tax Shift and their journal published research in the potential of land value taxation by Tony Vickers (Vol. 69, Part 5, 2000). (Thanks to James Robertson) a new field of study offered in place of economics, as astronomy replaced astrology and chemistry replaced alchemy. Conventional economics, in which GNP can do well while people suffer, is a bit too superstitious for my renaissance upbringing. If I’m to propitiate unseen forces, it won’t be inflation or “the market”; let it be theEgyptian cat goddess. At least then we’d have fewer rats. Meanwhile, believing in reason leads to a new policy, also christened geonomics. That’s the proposal to share (a kind of management, the “nomics” part) the worth of Mother Earth (the “geo” part). If our economies are to work right, people need to see prices that tell the truth. Now taxes and subsidies distort prices, tricking people into squandering the planet. Using land dues and rent dividends instead lets prices be precise, guiding people to get more from less and thereby shrink their workweek. More free time ought to make us happy enough to evolve beyond economics, except when nostalgic for superstition. of interest to Dave Lakhani, President Bold Approach (Mar 8) and Matt Ozga (Jan 29): “I write for the Washington Square News, the student run newspaper out of New York University. Geonomics seems like it has great significance, especially in this area. When was geonomics developed, and by whom?” About 1982 I began. Two years later, Chilean Dr Manfred Max-Neef offered the term geonomics for Earth-friendly economics. In the mid-80s, a millionaire founded a Geonomics Institute on Middlebury College campus in Vermont re global trade. In the 1990s, CNBC cablecast a show, Geonomics, on world trade as it benefits world traders. My version of geonomics draws heavily from the American Henry George who wrote Progress & Poverty (1879) and won the mayoralty of New York but was denied his victory by Tammany Hall (1886). He in turn got lots from Brits David Ricardo, Adam Smith, and the French physiocrats of the 1700s. My version differs by focusing not on taxation but on the flow of rents for sites, resources, sinks, and government-granted privileges. Forgoing these trillions, we instead tax and subsidize, making waste cheap and sustainability expensive. To quit distorting price, replace taxes with “land dues” and replace subsidies with a Citizens Dividend. Matt: “This idea of sharing rents sounds, if not explicitly socialist, at least at odds with some capitalist values (only the strong survive & prosper, etc). Is it fair to say that geonomics has some basis in socialist theory?” A closer descriptor would be Christian. Beyond ethics into praxis, Alaska shares oil rent with residents, and they’re more libertarian than socialist. While individuals provide labor and capital, no one provides land while society generates its value. Rent is not private property but public property. Sharing Rent is predistribution, sharing it before an elite or state has a chance to get and misspend it, like a public REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) paying dividends to its stakeholders – a perfectly capitalist model. What we should leave untaxed are our sales, salaries, and structures, things we do produce. more transformation than reform; it’s a step ahead. Harvard economics students this year did petition to change the curriculum, in the wake of the English who caught the dissension from across The Channel. French reformers, who fault conventional economics for conjuring mathematical models of little empirical relevance and being closed to critical and reflective thought, reject this “autism” – or detachment from reality – and dub their offering “post-autistic economics”. Not a bad name, but again, academics define themselves by what they’re not, not by what they are, unlike geonomists. We track rent – the money we spend on the nature we use – and watch it pull all the other economic indicators in its wake. We see economies as part and parcel of the ecosystem, similarly following natural patterns and able to self-regulate more so than allowed, once we quit distorting prices. To align people and planet, we’d replace taxes and subsidies with recovering and sharing rents. an economic policy based on the earth’s natural patterns. Eco-systems self-regulate by using feedback loops to keep balance. Can economies do likewise? Why don’t they now produce efficiently and distribute fairly? The answers lie in the money we spend on the earth we use. To attain people/planet harmony, that financial flow from sites and resources must visit each of us. Our agent, government, must collect this natural rent via fees and disburse the collected revenue via dividends. And, it must forgo taxes on homes and earnings, and quit subsidies of either the needy or the greedy. As our steward, government must also collect Ecology Security Deposits, require Restoration Insurance, and auction off the occasional Emissions Permit. And that’s about it – were nature our model. a manual. The world did not come without a way for people to prosper, and the planet to heal and stay well; that way is geonomics. Economies are part of the ecosystem. Both generate surpluses and follow self-regulating feedback loops. A cycle like the Law of Supply and Demand is one of the economy’s on/off loops. Our spending for land and resources – things that nobody made and everybody needs – constitutes our society’s surplus. Those profits without production (remember, nobody produced Earth) can become our commonwealth. To share it, we could pay land dues in to the public treasury (wouldn’t oil companies love that?) and get rent dividends back, a la Alaska’s oil dividend. Doing so let’s us axe taxes and jettison subsidies. Taxes and subsidies distort price (the DNA of exchange), violate quid pro quo by benefiting the well-connected more than anyone else, reinforce hierarchy of state over citizen, and are costly to administer (you don’t really need so much bureaucracy, do you?). Conversely, land dues motivate people to not waste sites, resources, and the ecosystem while rent dividends motivate people to not waste themselves. Receiving this income supplement – a Citizens Dividend – people can invest in their favorite technology or outgrow being “economan” and shrink their overbearing workweek in order to enjoy more time with family, friends, community, and nature. Then in all that free time, maybe we could figure out just what we are here for. a discipline that, compared to economics, is as obscure as Warren Buffett’s investment strategy, compared to conventional investment theory, about which Buffett said, “You couldn’t advance in a finance department in this country unless you taught that the world was flat.” (The New York Times, Oct 29). The writer wondered, “But why? If it works, why don’t more investors use it?” Good question. Geonomics works, too. Every place that has used it has prospered while conserving resources. Yet it remains off the radar of many wanna-be reformers. Gradually, tho’, that’s changing. More are becoming aware of what geonomics studies – all the money we spend on the nature we use. Geonomics (1) as an alternative worldview to the anthropocentric, sees human economies as part of the embracing ecosystem with natural feedback loops seeking balance in both systems. (2) As an alternative to worker vs. investor, it sees our need for sites and resources making those who own land into landlords. (3)As an alternative to economics, it tracks the trillions of “rent” as it drives the “housing” bubble and all other indicators. And (4) as an alternative to left or right, it suggests we not tax ourselves then subsidize our favorites but recover and share society’s surplus, paying in land dues and getting back “rent” dividends, a la Alaska’s oil dividend. Letting rent go to the wrong pockets wreaks havoc, while redirecting it to everyone would solve our economic ills and the ills downstream from them. People must learn to stop whining so much and feel enough self-esteem to demand a fair share of rent, society’s surplus, the commonwealth.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
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Q: Difference between Formatter and Factory Function Hello, Please explain what is the difference between Factory and Formatter function. Because as I see both can be used to format or manipulate the output results. How to choose between both of them ? Regards, Mayank A: Factory functions allows you to create different types of controls in runtime. Let's assume that you have a list and you want to display different type of list items according to your list index for instance, or maybe to some value that you have in your model. Factory functions allows you to do it in the binding way. Formatters are some kind of an helper functions which receive and input and return an output. The most popular examples are date and time that you receive date in form A and return date in form B. formatter functions are defined on a property level so if you have a field in your list item which display a date you can use formatter in order to do a very simple manipulation to this date	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Share this post Link to post Question: do all users have to apply the fix specifically, or delete the file manually? Or is this going to be sorted out automatically for most people - if not it's true that it will put people off this product. do all users have to apply the fix specifically, or delete the file manually? Or is this going to be sorted out automatically for most people - if not it's true that it will put people off this product. You can either delete the file manually or use the utiility - the action will be the same. Unfortunately it is not going to be solved by itself for those, who updated from the bad updates. Share this post Link to post Sorry but I cant find any option labelled "self defense" Might it have any other label? I was not able to update and three times I have received the windows XP error notification and then Kaspersky has shut down. This is not just during updating but when the computer has not been connected to the internet. I have run the attachment on this forum and can now update but could the other 'shut downs' when not connected be related to this. Edited November 22, 2006 by macdaithi Share this post Link to post Sorry but I cant find any option labelled "self defense" Might it have any other label? I was not able to update and three times I have received the windows XP error notification and then Kaspersky has shut down. This is not just during updating but when the computer has not been connected to the internet. I have run the attachment on this forum and can now update but could the other 'shut downs' when not connected be related to this. 2. Make a folder called Kav 6.0 on the desktop and unzip KisKavRemove into this,, then uninstall Kaspersky, reboot into safemode and run the tool (doubleclick on "avp_remove.cmd" for the 6.0 tool). Only works if installed in the default c:\ location with windows! Link to post It gives me waring that some protection components failed to start, and i think its somthing about Web Anti-Virus. am attaching a pic so u can see wat am exactly meaning and i hope i can got a solution. Share this post Link to post Hi, I'm running KIS version 300 with b,c,d,e updates and have had no problems updateing at all today, my question is even though I have not had a problem do I still need to run the CleanupUpdCfg.zip posted earlier to prevent any further issues arrising later, also do I need to uncheck the Self-Defense box in services or do I just leave everything well alone if KIS is running OK. Important Information We use cookies to make your experience of our websites better. By using and further navigating this website you accept this. Detailed information about the use of cookies on this website is available by clicking on more information.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
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/* * Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Chelsio, Inc. All rights reserved. * * This software is available to you under a choice of one of two * licenses. You may choose to be licensed under the terms of the GNU * General Public License (GPL) Version 2, available from the file * COPYING in the main directory of this source tree, or the * OpenIB.org BSD license below: * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or * without modification, are permitted provided that the following * conditions are met: * * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following * disclaimer. * * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following * disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials * provided with the distribution. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS * BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN * ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE * SOFTWARE. / #ifndef T3_CPL_H #define T3_CPL_H #if !defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) && !defined(__BIG_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) # include <asm/byteorder.h> #endif enum CPL_opcode { CPL_PASS_OPEN_REQ = 0x1, CPL_PASS_ACCEPT_RPL = 0x2, CPL_ACT_OPEN_REQ = 0x3, CPL_SET_TCB = 0x4, CPL_SET_TCB_FIELD = 0x5, CPL_GET_TCB = 0x6, CPL_PCMD = 0x7, CPL_CLOSE_CON_REQ = 0x8, CPL_CLOSE_LISTSRV_REQ = 0x9, CPL_ABORT_REQ = 0xA, CPL_ABORT_RPL = 0xB, CPL_TX_DATA = 0xC, CPL_RX_DATA_ACK = 0xD, CPL_TX_PKT = 0xE, CPL_RTE_DELETE_REQ = 0xF, CPL_RTE_WRITE_REQ = 0x10, CPL_RTE_READ_REQ = 0x11, CPL_L2T_WRITE_REQ = 0x12, CPL_L2T_READ_REQ = 0x13, CPL_SMT_WRITE_REQ = 0x14, CPL_SMT_READ_REQ = 0x15, CPL_TX_PKT_LSO = 0x16, CPL_PCMD_READ = 0x17, CPL_BARRIER = 0x18, CPL_TID_RELEASE = 0x1A, CPL_CLOSE_LISTSRV_RPL = 0x20, CPL_ERROR = 0x21, CPL_GET_TCB_RPL = 0x22, CPL_L2T_WRITE_RPL = 0x23, CPL_PCMD_READ_RPL = 0x24, CPL_PCMD_RPL = 0x25, CPL_PEER_CLOSE = 0x26, CPL_RTE_DELETE_RPL = 0x27, CPL_RTE_WRITE_RPL = 0x28, CPL_RX_DDP_COMPLETE = 0x29, CPL_RX_PHYS_ADDR = 0x2A, CPL_RX_PKT = 0x2B, CPL_RX_URG_NOTIFY = 0x2C, CPL_SET_TCB_RPL = 0x2D, CPL_SMT_WRITE_RPL = 0x2E, CPL_TX_DATA_ACK = 0x2F, CPL_ABORT_REQ_RSS = 0x30, CPL_ABORT_RPL_RSS = 0x31, CPL_CLOSE_CON_RPL = 0x32, CPL_ISCSI_HDR = 0x33, CPL_L2T_READ_RPL = 0x34, CPL_RDMA_CQE = 0x35, CPL_RDMA_CQE_READ_RSP = 0x36, CPL_RDMA_CQE_ERR = 0x37, CPL_RTE_READ_RPL = 0x38, CPL_RX_DATA = 0x39, CPL_ACT_OPEN_RPL = 0x40, CPL_PASS_OPEN_RPL = 0x41, CPL_RX_DATA_DDP = 0x42, CPL_SMT_READ_RPL = 0x43, CPL_ACT_ESTABLISH = 0x50, CPL_PASS_ESTABLISH = 0x51, CPL_PASS_ACCEPT_REQ = 0x70, CPL_ASYNC_NOTIF = 0x80, / fake opcode for async notifications / CPL_TX_DMA_ACK = 0xA0, CPL_RDMA_READ_REQ = 0xA1, CPL_RDMA_TERMINATE = 0xA2, CPL_TRACE_PKT = 0xA3, CPL_RDMA_EC_STATUS = 0xA5, NUM_CPL_CMDS / must be last and previous entries must be sorted / }; enum CPL_error { CPL_ERR_NONE = 0, CPL_ERR_TCAM_PARITY = 1, CPL_ERR_TCAM_FULL = 3, CPL_ERR_CONN_RESET = 20, CPL_ERR_CONN_EXIST = 22, CPL_ERR_ARP_MISS = 23, CPL_ERR_BAD_SYN = 24, CPL_ERR_CONN_TIMEDOUT = 30, CPL_ERR_XMIT_TIMEDOUT = 31, CPL_ERR_PERSIST_TIMEDOUT = 32, CPL_ERR_FINWAIT2_TIMEDOUT = 33, CPL_ERR_KEEPALIVE_TIMEDOUT = 34, CPL_ERR_RTX_NEG_ADVICE = 35, CPL_ERR_PERSIST_NEG_ADVICE = 36, CPL_ERR_ABORT_FAILED = 42, CPL_ERR_GENERAL = 99 }; enum { CPL_CONN_POLICY_AUTO = 0, CPL_CONN_POLICY_ASK = 1, CPL_CONN_POLICY_DENY = 3 }; enum { ULP_MODE_NONE = 0, ULP_MODE_ISCSI = 2, ULP_MODE_RDMA = 4, ULP_MODE_TCPDDP = 5 }; enum { ULP_CRC_HEADER = 1 << 0, ULP_CRC_DATA = 1 << 1 }; enum { CPL_PASS_OPEN_ACCEPT, CPL_PASS_OPEN_REJECT }; enum { CPL_ABORT_SEND_RST = 0, CPL_ABORT_NO_RST, CPL_ABORT_POST_CLOSE_REQ = 2 }; enum { / TX_PKT_LSO ethernet types / CPL_ETH_II, CPL_ETH_II_VLAN, CPL_ETH_802_3, CPL_ETH_802_3_VLAN }; enum { / TCP congestion control algorithms / CONG_ALG_RENO, CONG_ALG_TAHOE, CONG_ALG_NEWRENO, CONG_ALG_HIGHSPEED }; enum { / RSS hash type / RSS_HASH_NONE = 0, RSS_HASH_2_TUPLE = 1, RSS_HASH_4_TUPLE = 2, RSS_HASH_TCPV6 = 3 }; union opcode_tid { __be32 opcode_tid; __u8 opcode; }; #define S_OPCODE 24 #define V_OPCODE(x) ((x) << S_OPCODE) #define G_OPCODE(x) (((x) >> S_OPCODE) & 0xFF) #define G_TID(x) ((x) & 0xFFFFFF) #define S_QNUM 0 #define G_QNUM(x) (((x) >> S_QNUM) & 0xFFFF) #define S_HASHTYPE 22 #define M_HASHTYPE 0x3 #define G_HASHTYPE(x) (((x) >> S_HASHTYPE) & M_HASHTYPE) / tid is assumed to be 24-bits / #define MK_OPCODE_TID(opcode, tid) (V_OPCODE(opcode) \| (tid)) #define OPCODE_TID(cmd) ((cmd)->ot.opcode_tid) / extract the TID from a CPL command / #define GET_TID(cmd) (G_TID(ntohl(OPCODE_TID(cmd)))) struct tcp_options { __be16 mss; __u8 wsf; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8:5; __u8 ecn:1; __u8 sack:1; __u8 tstamp:1; #else __u8 tstamp:1; __u8 sack:1; __u8 ecn:1; __u8:5; #endif }; struct rss_header { __u8 opcode; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 cpu_idx:6; __u8 hash_type:2; #else __u8 hash_type:2; __u8 cpu_idx:6; #endif __be16 cq_idx; __be32 rss_hash_val; }; #ifndef CHELSIO_FW struct work_request_hdr { __be32 wr_hi; __be32 wr_lo; }; / wr_hi fields / #define S_WR_SGE_CREDITS 0 #define M_WR_SGE_CREDITS 0xFF #define V_WR_SGE_CREDITS(x) ((x) << S_WR_SGE_CREDITS) #define G_WR_SGE_CREDITS(x) (((x) >> S_WR_SGE_CREDITS) & M_WR_SGE_CREDITS) #define S_WR_SGLSFLT 8 #define M_WR_SGLSFLT 0xFF #define V_WR_SGLSFLT(x) ((x) << S_WR_SGLSFLT) #define G_WR_SGLSFLT(x) (((x) >> S_WR_SGLSFLT) & M_WR_SGLSFLT) #define S_WR_BCNTLFLT 16 #define M_WR_BCNTLFLT 0xF #define V_WR_BCNTLFLT(x) ((x) << S_WR_BCNTLFLT) #define G_WR_BCNTLFLT(x) (((x) >> S_WR_BCNTLFLT) & M_WR_BCNTLFLT) #define S_WR_DATATYPE 20 #define V_WR_DATATYPE(x) ((x) << S_WR_DATATYPE) #define F_WR_DATATYPE V_WR_DATATYPE(1U) #define S_WR_COMPL 21 #define V_WR_COMPL(x) ((x) << S_WR_COMPL) #define F_WR_COMPL V_WR_COMPL(1U) #define S_WR_EOP 22 #define V_WR_EOP(x) ((x) << S_WR_EOP) #define F_WR_EOP V_WR_EOP(1U) #define S_WR_SOP 23 #define V_WR_SOP(x) ((x) << S_WR_SOP) #define F_WR_SOP V_WR_SOP(1U) #define S_WR_OP 24 #define M_WR_OP 0xFF #define V_WR_OP(x) ((x) << S_WR_OP) #define G_WR_OP(x) (((x) >> S_WR_OP) & M_WR_OP) / wr_lo fields / #define S_WR_LEN 0 #define M_WR_LEN 0xFF #define V_WR_LEN(x) ((x) << S_WR_LEN) #define G_WR_LEN(x) (((x) >> S_WR_LEN) & M_WR_LEN) #define S_WR_TID 8 #define M_WR_TID 0xFFFFF #define V_WR_TID(x) ((x) << S_WR_TID) #define G_WR_TID(x) (((x) >> S_WR_TID) & M_WR_TID) #define S_WR_CR_FLUSH 30 #define V_WR_CR_FLUSH(x) ((x) << S_WR_CR_FLUSH) #define F_WR_CR_FLUSH V_WR_CR_FLUSH(1U) #define S_WR_GEN 31 #define V_WR_GEN(x) ((x) << S_WR_GEN) #define F_WR_GEN V_WR_GEN(1U) # define WR_HDR struct work_request_hdr wr # define RSS_HDR #else # define WR_HDR # define RSS_HDR struct rss_header rss_hdr; #endif / option 0 lower-half fields / #define S_CPL_STATUS 0 #define M_CPL_STATUS 0xFF #define V_CPL_STATUS(x) ((x) << S_CPL_STATUS) #define G_CPL_STATUS(x) (((x) >> S_CPL_STATUS) & M_CPL_STATUS) #define S_INJECT_TIMER 6 #define V_INJECT_TIMER(x) ((x) << S_INJECT_TIMER) #define F_INJECT_TIMER V_INJECT_TIMER(1U) #define S_NO_OFFLOAD 7 #define V_NO_OFFLOAD(x) ((x) << S_NO_OFFLOAD) #define F_NO_OFFLOAD V_NO_OFFLOAD(1U) #define S_ULP_MODE 8 #define M_ULP_MODE 0xF #define V_ULP_MODE(x) ((x) << S_ULP_MODE) #define G_ULP_MODE(x) (((x) >> S_ULP_MODE) & M_ULP_MODE) #define S_RCV_BUFSIZ 12 #define M_RCV_BUFSIZ 0x3FFF #define V_RCV_BUFSIZ(x) ((x) << S_RCV_BUFSIZ) #define G_RCV_BUFSIZ(x) (((x) >> S_RCV_BUFSIZ) & M_RCV_BUFSIZ) #define S_TOS 26 #define M_TOS 0x3F #define V_TOS(x) ((x) << S_TOS) #define G_TOS(x) (((x) >> S_TOS) & M_TOS) / option 0 upper-half fields / #define S_DELACK 0 #define V_DELACK(x) ((x) << S_DELACK) #define F_DELACK V_DELACK(1U) #define S_NO_CONG 1 #define V_NO_CONG(x) ((x) << S_NO_CONG) #define F_NO_CONG V_NO_CONG(1U) #define S_SRC_MAC_SEL 2 #define M_SRC_MAC_SEL 0x3 #define V_SRC_MAC_SEL(x) ((x) << S_SRC_MAC_SEL) #define G_SRC_MAC_SEL(x) (((x) >> S_SRC_MAC_SEL) & M_SRC_MAC_SEL) #define S_L2T_IDX 4 #define M_L2T_IDX 0x7FF #define V_L2T_IDX(x) ((x) << S_L2T_IDX) #define G_L2T_IDX(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_IDX) & M_L2T_IDX) #define S_TX_CHANNEL 15 #define V_TX_CHANNEL(x) ((x) << S_TX_CHANNEL) #define F_TX_CHANNEL V_TX_CHANNEL(1U) #define S_TCAM_BYPASS 16 #define V_TCAM_BYPASS(x) ((x) << S_TCAM_BYPASS) #define F_TCAM_BYPASS V_TCAM_BYPASS(1U) #define S_NAGLE 17 #define V_NAGLE(x) ((x) << S_NAGLE) #define F_NAGLE V_NAGLE(1U) #define S_WND_SCALE 18 #define M_WND_SCALE 0xF #define V_WND_SCALE(x) ((x) << S_WND_SCALE) #define G_WND_SCALE(x) (((x) >> S_WND_SCALE) & M_WND_SCALE) #define S_KEEP_ALIVE 22 #define V_KEEP_ALIVE(x) ((x) << S_KEEP_ALIVE) #define F_KEEP_ALIVE V_KEEP_ALIVE(1U) #define S_MAX_RETRANS 23 #define M_MAX_RETRANS 0xF #define V_MAX_RETRANS(x) ((x) << S_MAX_RETRANS) #define G_MAX_RETRANS(x) (((x) >> S_MAX_RETRANS) & M_MAX_RETRANS) #define S_MAX_RETRANS_OVERRIDE 27 #define V_MAX_RETRANS_OVERRIDE(x) ((x) << S_MAX_RETRANS_OVERRIDE) #define F_MAX_RETRANS_OVERRIDE V_MAX_RETRANS_OVERRIDE(1U) #define S_MSS_IDX 28 #define M_MSS_IDX 0xF #define V_MSS_IDX(x) ((x) << S_MSS_IDX) #define G_MSS_IDX(x) (((x) >> S_MSS_IDX) & M_MSS_IDX) / option 1 fields / #define S_RSS_ENABLE 0 #define V_RSS_ENABLE(x) ((x) << S_RSS_ENABLE) #define F_RSS_ENABLE V_RSS_ENABLE(1U) #define S_RSS_MASK_LEN 1 #define M_RSS_MASK_LEN 0x7 #define V_RSS_MASK_LEN(x) ((x) << S_RSS_MASK_LEN) #define G_RSS_MASK_LEN(x) (((x) >> S_RSS_MASK_LEN) & M_RSS_MASK_LEN) #define S_CPU_IDX 4 #define M_CPU_IDX 0x3F #define V_CPU_IDX(x) ((x) << S_CPU_IDX) #define G_CPU_IDX(x) (((x) >> S_CPU_IDX) & M_CPU_IDX) #define S_MAC_MATCH_VALID 18 #define V_MAC_MATCH_VALID(x) ((x) << S_MAC_MATCH_VALID) #define F_MAC_MATCH_VALID V_MAC_MATCH_VALID(1U) #define S_CONN_POLICY 19 #define M_CONN_POLICY 0x3 #define V_CONN_POLICY(x) ((x) << S_CONN_POLICY) #define G_CONN_POLICY(x) (((x) >> S_CONN_POLICY) & M_CONN_POLICY) #define S_SYN_DEFENSE 21 #define V_SYN_DEFENSE(x) ((x) << S_SYN_DEFENSE) #define F_SYN_DEFENSE V_SYN_DEFENSE(1U) #define S_VLAN_PRI 22 #define M_VLAN_PRI 0x3 #define V_VLAN_PRI(x) ((x) << S_VLAN_PRI) #define G_VLAN_PRI(x) (((x) >> S_VLAN_PRI) & M_VLAN_PRI) #define S_VLAN_PRI_VALID 24 #define V_VLAN_PRI_VALID(x) ((x) << S_VLAN_PRI_VALID) #define F_VLAN_PRI_VALID V_VLAN_PRI_VALID(1U) #define S_PKT_TYPE 25 #define M_PKT_TYPE 0x3 #define V_PKT_TYPE(x) ((x) << S_PKT_TYPE) #define G_PKT_TYPE(x) (((x) >> S_PKT_TYPE) & M_PKT_TYPE) #define S_MAC_MATCH 27 #define M_MAC_MATCH 0x1F #define V_MAC_MATCH(x) ((x) << S_MAC_MATCH) #define G_MAC_MATCH(x) (((x) >> S_MAC_MATCH) & M_MAC_MATCH) / option 2 fields / #define S_CPU_INDEX 0 #define M_CPU_INDEX 0x7F #define V_CPU_INDEX(x) ((x) << S_CPU_INDEX) #define G_CPU_INDEX(x) (((x) >> S_CPU_INDEX) & M_CPU_INDEX) #define S_CPU_INDEX_VALID 7 #define V_CPU_INDEX_VALID(x) ((x) << S_CPU_INDEX_VALID) #define F_CPU_INDEX_VALID V_CPU_INDEX_VALID(1U) #define S_RX_COALESCE 8 #define M_RX_COALESCE 0x3 #define V_RX_COALESCE(x) ((x) << S_RX_COALESCE) #define G_RX_COALESCE(x) (((x) >> S_RX_COALESCE) & M_RX_COALESCE) #define S_RX_COALESCE_VALID 10 #define V_RX_COALESCE_VALID(x) ((x) << S_RX_COALESCE_VALID) #define F_RX_COALESCE_VALID V_RX_COALESCE_VALID(1U) #define S_CONG_CONTROL_FLAVOR 11 #define M_CONG_CONTROL_FLAVOR 0x3 #define V_CONG_CONTROL_FLAVOR(x) ((x) << S_CONG_CONTROL_FLAVOR) #define G_CONG_CONTROL_FLAVOR(x) (((x) >> S_CONG_CONTROL_FLAVOR) & M_CONG_CONTROL_FLAVOR) #define S_PACING_FLAVOR 13 #define M_PACING_FLAVOR 0x3 #define V_PACING_FLAVOR(x) ((x) << S_PACING_FLAVOR) #define G_PACING_FLAVOR(x) (((x) >> S_PACING_FLAVOR) & M_PACING_FLAVOR) #define S_FLAVORS_VALID 15 #define V_FLAVORS_VALID(x) ((x) << S_FLAVORS_VALID) #define F_FLAVORS_VALID V_FLAVORS_VALID(1U) #define S_RX_FC_DISABLE 16 #define V_RX_FC_DISABLE(x) ((x) << S_RX_FC_DISABLE) #define F_RX_FC_DISABLE V_RX_FC_DISABLE(1U) #define S_RX_FC_VALID 17 #define V_RX_FC_VALID(x) ((x) << S_RX_FC_VALID) #define F_RX_FC_VALID V_RX_FC_VALID(1U) struct cpl_pass_open_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be16 local_port; __be16 peer_port; __be32 local_ip; __be32 peer_ip; __be32 opt0h; __be32 opt0l; __be32 peer_netmask; __be32 opt1; }; struct cpl_pass_open_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 local_port; __be16 peer_port; __be32 local_ip; __be32 peer_ip; __u8 resvd[7]; __u8 status; }; struct cpl_pass_establish { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 local_port; __be16 peer_port; __be32 local_ip; __be32 peer_ip; __be32 tos_tid; __be16 l2t_idx; __be16 tcp_opt; __be32 snd_isn; __be32 rcv_isn; }; / cpl_pass_establish.tos_tid fields / #define S_PASS_OPEN_TID 0 #define M_PASS_OPEN_TID 0xFFFFFF #define V_PASS_OPEN_TID(x) ((x) << S_PASS_OPEN_TID) #define G_PASS_OPEN_TID(x) (((x) >> S_PASS_OPEN_TID) & M_PASS_OPEN_TID) #define S_PASS_OPEN_TOS 24 #define M_PASS_OPEN_TOS 0xFF #define V_PASS_OPEN_TOS(x) ((x) << S_PASS_OPEN_TOS) #define G_PASS_OPEN_TOS(x) (((x) >> S_PASS_OPEN_TOS) & M_PASS_OPEN_TOS) / cpl_pass_establish.l2t_idx fields / #define S_L2T_IDX16 5 #define M_L2T_IDX16 0x7FF #define V_L2T_IDX16(x) ((x) << S_L2T_IDX16) #define G_L2T_IDX16(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_IDX16) & M_L2T_IDX16) / cpl_pass_establish.tcp_opt fields (also applies act_open_establish) / #define G_TCPOPT_WSCALE_OK(x) (((x) >> 5) & 1) #define G_TCPOPT_SACK(x) (((x) >> 6) & 1) #define G_TCPOPT_TSTAMP(x) (((x) >> 7) & 1) #define G_TCPOPT_SND_WSCALE(x) (((x) >> 8) & 0xf) #define G_TCPOPT_MSS(x) (((x) >> 12) & 0xf) struct cpl_pass_accept_req { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 local_port; __be16 peer_port; __be32 local_ip; __be32 peer_ip; __be32 tos_tid; struct tcp_options tcp_options; __u8 dst_mac[6]; __be16 vlan_tag; __u8 src_mac[6]; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8:3; __u8 addr_idx:3; __u8 port_idx:1; __u8 exact_match:1; #else __u8 exact_match:1; __u8 port_idx:1; __u8 addr_idx:3; __u8:3; #endif __u8 rsvd; __be32 rcv_isn; __be32 rsvd2; }; struct cpl_pass_accept_rpl { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 opt2; __be32 rsvd; __be32 peer_ip; __be32 opt0h; __be32 opt0l_status; }; struct cpl_act_open_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be16 local_port; __be16 peer_port; __be32 local_ip; __be32 peer_ip; __be32 opt0h; __be32 opt0l; __be32 params; __be32 opt2; }; / cpl_act_open_req.params fields / #define S_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI 9 #define M_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI 0x3 #define V_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI(x) ((x) << S_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI) #define G_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI(x) (((x) >> S_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI) & M_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI) #define S_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI_VALID 11 #define V_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI_VALID(x) ((x) << S_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI_VALID) #define F_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI_VALID V_AOPEN_VLAN_PRI_VALID(1U) #define S_AOPEN_PKT_TYPE 12 #define M_AOPEN_PKT_TYPE 0x3 #define V_AOPEN_PKT_TYPE(x) ((x) << S_AOPEN_PKT_TYPE) #define G_AOPEN_PKT_TYPE(x) (((x) >> S_AOPEN_PKT_TYPE) & M_AOPEN_PKT_TYPE) #define S_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH 14 #define M_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH 0x1F #define V_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH(x) ((x) << S_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH) #define G_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH(x) (((x) >> S_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH) & M_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH) #define S_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH_VALID 19 #define V_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH_VALID(x) ((x) << S_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH_VALID) #define F_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH_VALID V_AOPEN_MAC_MATCH_VALID(1U) #define S_AOPEN_IFF_VLAN 20 #define M_AOPEN_IFF_VLAN 0xFFF #define V_AOPEN_IFF_VLAN(x) ((x) << S_AOPEN_IFF_VLAN) #define G_AOPEN_IFF_VLAN(x) (((x) >> S_AOPEN_IFF_VLAN) & M_AOPEN_IFF_VLAN) struct cpl_act_open_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 local_port; __be16 peer_port; __be32 local_ip; __be32 peer_ip; __be32 atid; __u8 rsvd[3]; __u8 status; }; struct cpl_act_establish { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 local_port; __be16 peer_port; __be32 local_ip; __be32 peer_ip; __be32 tos_tid; __be16 l2t_idx; __be16 tcp_opt; __be32 snd_isn; __be32 rcv_isn; }; struct cpl_get_tcb { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be16 cpuno; __be16 rsvd; }; struct cpl_get_tcb_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd; __u8 status; __be16 len; }; struct cpl_set_tcb { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __u8 reply; __u8 cpu_idx; __be16 len; }; / cpl_set_tcb.reply fields / #define S_NO_REPLY 7 #define V_NO_REPLY(x) ((x) << S_NO_REPLY) #define F_NO_REPLY V_NO_REPLY(1U) struct cpl_set_tcb_field { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __u8 reply; __u8 cpu_idx; __be16 word; __be64 mask; __be64 val; }; struct cpl_set_tcb_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd[3]; __u8 status; }; struct cpl_pcmd { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd[3]; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 src:1; __u8 bundle:1; __u8 channel:1; __u8:5; #else __u8:5; __u8 channel:1; __u8 bundle:1; __u8 src:1; #endif __be32 pcmd_parm[2]; }; struct cpl_pcmd_reply { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 status; __u8 rsvd; __be16 len; }; struct cpl_close_con_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 rsvd; }; struct cpl_close_con_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd[3]; __u8 status; __be32 snd_nxt; __be32 rcv_nxt; }; struct cpl_close_listserv_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd0; __u8 cpu_idx; __be16 rsvd1; }; struct cpl_close_listserv_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd[3]; __u8 status; }; struct cpl_abort_req_rss { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be32 rsvd0; __u8 rsvd1; __u8 status; __u8 rsvd2[6]; }; struct cpl_abort_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 rsvd0; __u8 rsvd1; __u8 cmd; __u8 rsvd2[6]; }; struct cpl_abort_rpl_rss { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be32 rsvd0; __u8 rsvd1; __u8 status; __u8 rsvd2[6]; }; struct cpl_abort_rpl { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 rsvd0; __u8 rsvd1; __u8 cmd; __u8 rsvd2[6]; }; struct cpl_peer_close { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be32 rcv_nxt; }; struct tx_data_wr { __be32 wr_hi; __be32 wr_lo; __be32 len; __be32 flags; __be32 sndseq; __be32 param; }; / tx_data_wr.flags fields / #define S_TX_ACK_PAGES 21 #define M_TX_ACK_PAGES 0x7 #define V_TX_ACK_PAGES(x) ((x) << S_TX_ACK_PAGES) #define G_TX_ACK_PAGES(x) (((x) >> S_TX_ACK_PAGES) & M_TX_ACK_PAGES) / tx_data_wr.param fields / #define S_TX_PORT 0 #define M_TX_PORT 0x7 #define V_TX_PORT(x) ((x) << S_TX_PORT) #define G_TX_PORT(x) (((x) >> S_TX_PORT) & M_TX_PORT) #define S_TX_MSS 4 #define M_TX_MSS 0xF #define V_TX_MSS(x) ((x) << S_TX_MSS) #define G_TX_MSS(x) (((x) >> S_TX_MSS) & M_TX_MSS) #define S_TX_QOS 8 #define M_TX_QOS 0xFF #define V_TX_QOS(x) ((x) << S_TX_QOS) #define G_TX_QOS(x) (((x) >> S_TX_QOS) & M_TX_QOS) #define S_TX_SNDBUF 16 #define M_TX_SNDBUF 0xFFFF #define V_TX_SNDBUF(x) ((x) << S_TX_SNDBUF) #define G_TX_SNDBUF(x) (((x) >> S_TX_SNDBUF) & M_TX_SNDBUF) struct cpl_tx_data { union opcode_tid ot; __be32 len; __be32 rsvd; __be16 urg; __be16 flags; }; / cpl_tx_data.flags fields / #define S_TX_ULP_SUBMODE 6 #define M_TX_ULP_SUBMODE 0xF #define V_TX_ULP_SUBMODE(x) ((x) << S_TX_ULP_SUBMODE) #define G_TX_ULP_SUBMODE(x) (((x) >> S_TX_ULP_SUBMODE) & M_TX_ULP_SUBMODE) #define S_TX_ULP_MODE 10 #define M_TX_ULP_MODE 0xF #define V_TX_ULP_MODE(x) ((x) << S_TX_ULP_MODE) #define G_TX_ULP_MODE(x) (((x) >> S_TX_ULP_MODE) & M_TX_ULP_MODE) #define S_TX_SHOVE 14 #define V_TX_SHOVE(x) ((x) << S_TX_SHOVE) #define F_TX_SHOVE V_TX_SHOVE(1U) #define S_TX_MORE 15 #define V_TX_MORE(x) ((x) << S_TX_MORE) #define F_TX_MORE V_TX_MORE(1U) / additional tx_data_wr.flags fields / #define S_TX_CPU_IDX 0 #define M_TX_CPU_IDX 0x3F #define V_TX_CPU_IDX(x) ((x) << S_TX_CPU_IDX) #define G_TX_CPU_IDX(x) (((x) >> S_TX_CPU_IDX) & M_TX_CPU_IDX) #define S_TX_URG 16 #define V_TX_URG(x) ((x) << S_TX_URG) #define F_TX_URG V_TX_URG(1U) #define S_TX_CLOSE 17 #define V_TX_CLOSE(x) ((x) << S_TX_CLOSE) #define F_TX_CLOSE V_TX_CLOSE(1U) #define S_TX_INIT 18 #define V_TX_INIT(x) ((x) << S_TX_INIT) #define F_TX_INIT V_TX_INIT(1U) #define S_TX_IMM_ACK 19 #define V_TX_IMM_ACK(x) ((x) << S_TX_IMM_ACK) #define F_TX_IMM_ACK V_TX_IMM_ACK(1U) #define S_TX_IMM_DMA 20 #define V_TX_IMM_DMA(x) ((x) << S_TX_IMM_DMA) #define F_TX_IMM_DMA V_TX_IMM_DMA(1U) struct cpl_tx_data_ack { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be32 ack_seq; }; struct cpl_wr_ack { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 credits; __be16 rsvd; __be32 snd_nxt; __be32 snd_una; }; struct cpl_rdma_ec_status { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd[3]; __u8 status; }; struct mngt_pktsched_wr { __be32 wr_hi; __be32 wr_lo; __u8 mngt_opcode; __u8 rsvd[7]; __u8 sched; __u8 idx; __u8 min; __u8 max; __u8 binding; __u8 rsvd1[3]; }; struct cpl_iscsi_hdr { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 pdu_len_ddp; __be16 len; __be32 seq; __be16 urg; __u8 rsvd; __u8 status; }; / cpl_iscsi_hdr.pdu_len_ddp fields / #define S_ISCSI_PDU_LEN 0 #define M_ISCSI_PDU_LEN 0x7FFF #define V_ISCSI_PDU_LEN(x) ((x) << S_ISCSI_PDU_LEN) #define G_ISCSI_PDU_LEN(x) (((x) >> S_ISCSI_PDU_LEN) & M_ISCSI_PDU_LEN) #define S_ISCSI_DDP 15 #define V_ISCSI_DDP(x) ((x) << S_ISCSI_DDP) #define F_ISCSI_DDP V_ISCSI_DDP(1U) struct cpl_rx_data { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 rsvd; __be16 len; __be32 seq; __be16 urg; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 dack_mode:2; __u8 psh:1; __u8 heartbeat:1; __u8:4; #else __u8:4; __u8 heartbeat:1; __u8 psh:1; __u8 dack_mode:2; #endif __u8 status; }; struct cpl_rx_data_ack { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 credit_dack; }; / cpl_rx_data_ack.ack_seq fields / #define S_RX_CREDITS 0 #define M_RX_CREDITS 0x7FFFFFF #define V_RX_CREDITS(x) ((x) << S_RX_CREDITS) #define G_RX_CREDITS(x) (((x) >> S_RX_CREDITS) & M_RX_CREDITS) #define S_RX_MODULATE 27 #define V_RX_MODULATE(x) ((x) << S_RX_MODULATE) #define F_RX_MODULATE V_RX_MODULATE(1U) #define S_RX_FORCE_ACK 28 #define V_RX_FORCE_ACK(x) ((x) << S_RX_FORCE_ACK) #define F_RX_FORCE_ACK V_RX_FORCE_ACK(1U) #define S_RX_DACK_MODE 29 #define M_RX_DACK_MODE 0x3 #define V_RX_DACK_MODE(x) ((x) << S_RX_DACK_MODE) #define G_RX_DACK_MODE(x) (((x) >> S_RX_DACK_MODE) & M_RX_DACK_MODE) #define S_RX_DACK_CHANGE 31 #define V_RX_DACK_CHANGE(x) ((x) << S_RX_DACK_CHANGE) #define F_RX_DACK_CHANGE V_RX_DACK_CHANGE(1U) struct cpl_rx_urg_notify { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be32 seq; }; struct cpl_rx_ddp_complete { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be32 ddp_report; }; struct cpl_rx_data_ddp { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be16 urg; __be16 len; __be32 seq; union { __be32 nxt_seq; __be32 ddp_report; }; __be32 ulp_crc; __be32 ddpvld_status; }; / cpl_rx_data_ddp.ddpvld_status fields / #define S_DDP_STATUS 0 #define M_DDP_STATUS 0xFF #define V_DDP_STATUS(x) ((x) << S_DDP_STATUS) #define G_DDP_STATUS(x) (((x) >> S_DDP_STATUS) & M_DDP_STATUS) #define S_DDP_VALID 15 #define M_DDP_VALID 0x1FFFF #define V_DDP_VALID(x) ((x) << S_DDP_VALID) #define G_DDP_VALID(x) (((x) >> S_DDP_VALID) & M_DDP_VALID) #define S_DDP_PPOD_MISMATCH 15 #define V_DDP_PPOD_MISMATCH(x) ((x) << S_DDP_PPOD_MISMATCH) #define F_DDP_PPOD_MISMATCH V_DDP_PPOD_MISMATCH(1U) #define S_DDP_PDU 16 #define V_DDP_PDU(x) ((x) << S_DDP_PDU) #define F_DDP_PDU V_DDP_PDU(1U) #define S_DDP_LLIMIT_ERR 17 #define V_DDP_LLIMIT_ERR(x) ((x) << S_DDP_LLIMIT_ERR) #define F_DDP_LLIMIT_ERR V_DDP_LLIMIT_ERR(1U) #define S_DDP_PPOD_PARITY_ERR 18 #define V_DDP_PPOD_PARITY_ERR(x) ((x) << S_DDP_PPOD_PARITY_ERR) #define F_DDP_PPOD_PARITY_ERR V_DDP_PPOD_PARITY_ERR(1U) #define S_DDP_PADDING_ERR 19 #define V_DDP_PADDING_ERR(x) ((x) << S_DDP_PADDING_ERR) #define F_DDP_PADDING_ERR V_DDP_PADDING_ERR(1U) #define S_DDP_HDRCRC_ERR 20 #define V_DDP_HDRCRC_ERR(x) ((x) << S_DDP_HDRCRC_ERR) #define F_DDP_HDRCRC_ERR V_DDP_HDRCRC_ERR(1U) #define S_DDP_DATACRC_ERR 21 #define V_DDP_DATACRC_ERR(x) ((x) << S_DDP_DATACRC_ERR) #define F_DDP_DATACRC_ERR V_DDP_DATACRC_ERR(1U) #define S_DDP_INVALID_TAG 22 #define V_DDP_INVALID_TAG(x) ((x) << S_DDP_INVALID_TAG) #define F_DDP_INVALID_TAG V_DDP_INVALID_TAG(1U) #define S_DDP_ULIMIT_ERR 23 #define V_DDP_ULIMIT_ERR(x) ((x) << S_DDP_ULIMIT_ERR) #define F_DDP_ULIMIT_ERR V_DDP_ULIMIT_ERR(1U) #define S_DDP_OFFSET_ERR 24 #define V_DDP_OFFSET_ERR(x) ((x) << S_DDP_OFFSET_ERR) #define F_DDP_OFFSET_ERR V_DDP_OFFSET_ERR(1U) #define S_DDP_COLOR_ERR 25 #define V_DDP_COLOR_ERR(x) ((x) << S_DDP_COLOR_ERR) #define F_DDP_COLOR_ERR V_DDP_COLOR_ERR(1U) #define S_DDP_TID_MISMATCH 26 #define V_DDP_TID_MISMATCH(x) ((x) << S_DDP_TID_MISMATCH) #define F_DDP_TID_MISMATCH V_DDP_TID_MISMATCH(1U) #define S_DDP_INVALID_PPOD 27 #define V_DDP_INVALID_PPOD(x) ((x) << S_DDP_INVALID_PPOD) #define F_DDP_INVALID_PPOD V_DDP_INVALID_PPOD(1U) #define S_DDP_ULP_MODE 28 #define M_DDP_ULP_MODE 0xF #define V_DDP_ULP_MODE(x) ((x) << S_DDP_ULP_MODE) #define G_DDP_ULP_MODE(x) (((x) >> S_DDP_ULP_MODE) & M_DDP_ULP_MODE) / cpl_rx_data_ddp.ddp_report fields / #define S_DDP_OFFSET 0 #define M_DDP_OFFSET 0x3FFFFF #define V_DDP_OFFSET(x) ((x) << S_DDP_OFFSET) #define G_DDP_OFFSET(x) (((x) >> S_DDP_OFFSET) & M_DDP_OFFSET) #define S_DDP_URG 24 #define V_DDP_URG(x) ((x) << S_DDP_URG) #define F_DDP_URG V_DDP_URG(1U) #define S_DDP_PSH 25 #define V_DDP_PSH(x) ((x) << S_DDP_PSH) #define F_DDP_PSH V_DDP_PSH(1U) #define S_DDP_BUF_COMPLETE 26 #define V_DDP_BUF_COMPLETE(x) ((x) << S_DDP_BUF_COMPLETE) #define F_DDP_BUF_COMPLETE V_DDP_BUF_COMPLETE(1U) #define S_DDP_BUF_TIMED_OUT 27 #define V_DDP_BUF_TIMED_OUT(x) ((x) << S_DDP_BUF_TIMED_OUT) #define F_DDP_BUF_TIMED_OUT V_DDP_BUF_TIMED_OUT(1U) #define S_DDP_BUF_IDX 28 #define V_DDP_BUF_IDX(x) ((x) << S_DDP_BUF_IDX) #define F_DDP_BUF_IDX V_DDP_BUF_IDX(1U) struct cpl_tx_pkt { WR_HDR; __be32 cntrl; __be32 len; }; struct cpl_tx_pkt_lso { WR_HDR; __be32 cntrl; __be32 len; __be32 rsvd; __be32 lso_info; }; / cpl_tx_pkt.cntrl fields / #define S_TXPKT_VLAN 0 #define M_TXPKT_VLAN 0xFFFF #define V_TXPKT_VLAN(x) ((x) << S_TXPKT_VLAN) #define G_TXPKT_VLAN(x) (((x) >> S_TXPKT_VLAN) & M_TXPKT_VLAN) #define S_TXPKT_INTF 16 #define M_TXPKT_INTF 0xF #define V_TXPKT_INTF(x) ((x) << S_TXPKT_INTF) #define G_TXPKT_INTF(x) (((x) >> S_TXPKT_INTF) & M_TXPKT_INTF) #define S_TXPKT_IPCSUM_DIS 20 #define V_TXPKT_IPCSUM_DIS(x) ((x) << S_TXPKT_IPCSUM_DIS) #define F_TXPKT_IPCSUM_DIS V_TXPKT_IPCSUM_DIS(1U) #define S_TXPKT_L4CSUM_DIS 21 #define V_TXPKT_L4CSUM_DIS(x) ((x) << S_TXPKT_L4CSUM_DIS) #define F_TXPKT_L4CSUM_DIS V_TXPKT_L4CSUM_DIS(1U) #define S_TXPKT_VLAN_VLD 22 #define V_TXPKT_VLAN_VLD(x) ((x) << S_TXPKT_VLAN_VLD) #define F_TXPKT_VLAN_VLD V_TXPKT_VLAN_VLD(1U) #define S_TXPKT_LOOPBACK 23 #define V_TXPKT_LOOPBACK(x) ((x) << S_TXPKT_LOOPBACK) #define F_TXPKT_LOOPBACK V_TXPKT_LOOPBACK(1U) #define S_TXPKT_OPCODE 24 #define M_TXPKT_OPCODE 0xFF #define V_TXPKT_OPCODE(x) ((x) << S_TXPKT_OPCODE) #define G_TXPKT_OPCODE(x) (((x) >> S_TXPKT_OPCODE) & M_TXPKT_OPCODE) /* cpl_tx_pkt_lso.lso_info fields / #define S_LSO_MSS 0 #define M_LSO_MSS 0x3FFF #define V_LSO_MSS(x) ((x) << S_LSO_MSS) #define G_LSO_MSS(x) (((x) >> S_LSO_MSS) & M_LSO_MSS) #define S_LSO_ETH_TYPE 14 #define M_LSO_ETH_TYPE 0x3 #define V_LSO_ETH_TYPE(x) ((x) << S_LSO_ETH_TYPE) #define G_LSO_ETH_TYPE(x) (((x) >> S_LSO_ETH_TYPE) & M_LSO_ETH_TYPE) #define S_LSO_TCPHDR_WORDS 16 #define M_LSO_TCPHDR_WORDS 0xF #define V_LSO_TCPHDR_WORDS(x) ((x) << S_LSO_TCPHDR_WORDS) #define G_LSO_TCPHDR_WORDS(x) (((x) >> S_LSO_TCPHDR_WORDS) & M_LSO_TCPHDR_WORDS) #define S_LSO_IPHDR_WORDS 20 #define M_LSO_IPHDR_WORDS 0xF #define V_LSO_IPHDR_WORDS(x) ((x) << S_LSO_IPHDR_WORDS) #define G_LSO_IPHDR_WORDS(x) (((x) >> S_LSO_IPHDR_WORDS) & M_LSO_IPHDR_WORDS) #define S_LSO_IPV6 24 #define V_LSO_IPV6(x) ((x) << S_LSO_IPV6) #define F_LSO_IPV6 V_LSO_IPV6(1U) struct cpl_trace_pkt { #ifdef CHELSIO_FW __u8 rss_opcode; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 err:1; __u8:7; #else __u8:7; __u8 err:1; #endif __u8 rsvd0; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 qid:4; __u8:4; #else __u8:4; __u8 qid:4; #endif __be32 tstamp; #endif / CHELSIO_FW / __u8 opcode; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 iff:4; __u8:4; #else __u8:4; __u8 iff:4; #endif __u8 rsvd[4]; __be16 len; }; struct cpl_rx_pkt { RSS_HDR __u8 opcode; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 iff:4; __u8 csum_valid:1; __u8 ipmi_pkt:1; __u8 vlan_valid:1; __u8 fragment:1; #else __u8 fragment:1; __u8 vlan_valid:1; __u8 ipmi_pkt:1; __u8 csum_valid:1; __u8 iff:4; #endif __be16 csum; __be16 vlan; __be16 len; }; struct cpl_l2t_write_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 params; __u8 rsvd[2]; __u8 dst_mac[6]; }; / cpl_l2t_write_req.params fields / #define S_L2T_W_IDX 0 #define M_L2T_W_IDX 0x7FF #define V_L2T_W_IDX(x) ((x) << S_L2T_W_IDX) #define G_L2T_W_IDX(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_W_IDX) & M_L2T_W_IDX) #define S_L2T_W_VLAN 11 #define M_L2T_W_VLAN 0xFFF #define V_L2T_W_VLAN(x) ((x) << S_L2T_W_VLAN) #define G_L2T_W_VLAN(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_W_VLAN) & M_L2T_W_VLAN) #define S_L2T_W_IFF 23 #define M_L2T_W_IFF 0xF #define V_L2T_W_IFF(x) ((x) << S_L2T_W_IFF) #define G_L2T_W_IFF(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_W_IFF) & M_L2T_W_IFF) #define S_L2T_W_PRIO 27 #define M_L2T_W_PRIO 0x7 #define V_L2T_W_PRIO(x) ((x) << S_L2T_W_PRIO) #define G_L2T_W_PRIO(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_W_PRIO) & M_L2T_W_PRIO) struct cpl_l2t_write_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 status; __u8 rsvd[3]; }; struct cpl_l2t_read_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be16 rsvd; __be16 l2t_idx; }; struct cpl_l2t_read_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __be32 params; __u8 rsvd[2]; __u8 dst_mac[6]; }; / cpl_l2t_read_rpl.params fields / #define S_L2T_R_PRIO 0 #define M_L2T_R_PRIO 0x7 #define V_L2T_R_PRIO(x) ((x) << S_L2T_R_PRIO) #define G_L2T_R_PRIO(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_R_PRIO) & M_L2T_R_PRIO) #define S_L2T_R_VLAN 8 #define M_L2T_R_VLAN 0xFFF #define V_L2T_R_VLAN(x) ((x) << S_L2T_R_VLAN) #define G_L2T_R_VLAN(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_R_VLAN) & M_L2T_R_VLAN) #define S_L2T_R_IFF 20 #define M_L2T_R_IFF 0xF #define V_L2T_R_IFF(x) ((x) << S_L2T_R_IFF) #define G_L2T_R_IFF(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_R_IFF) & M_L2T_R_IFF) #define S_L2T_STATUS 24 #define M_L2T_STATUS 0xFF #define V_L2T_STATUS(x) ((x) << S_L2T_STATUS) #define G_L2T_STATUS(x) (((x) >> S_L2T_STATUS) & M_L2T_STATUS) struct cpl_smt_write_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd0; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 mtu_idx:4; __u8 iff:4; #else __u8 iff:4; __u8 mtu_idx:4; #endif __be16 rsvd2; __be16 rsvd3; __u8 src_mac1[6]; __be16 rsvd4; __u8 src_mac0[6]; }; struct cpl_smt_write_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 status; __u8 rsvd[3]; }; struct cpl_smt_read_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __u8 rsvd0; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8:4; __u8 iff:4; #else __u8 iff:4; __u8:4; #endif __be16 rsvd2; }; struct cpl_smt_read_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 status; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 mtu_idx:4; __u8:4; #else __u8:4; __u8 mtu_idx:4; #endif __be16 rsvd2; __be16 rsvd3; __u8 src_mac1[6]; __be16 rsvd4; __u8 src_mac0[6]; }; struct cpl_rte_delete_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 params; }; / { cpl_rte_delete_req, cpl_rte_read_req }.params fields / #define S_RTE_REQ_LUT_IX 8 #define M_RTE_REQ_LUT_IX 0x7FF #define V_RTE_REQ_LUT_IX(x) ((x) << S_RTE_REQ_LUT_IX) #define G_RTE_REQ_LUT_IX(x) (((x) >> S_RTE_REQ_LUT_IX) & M_RTE_REQ_LUT_IX) #define S_RTE_REQ_LUT_BASE 19 #define M_RTE_REQ_LUT_BASE 0x7FF #define V_RTE_REQ_LUT_BASE(x) ((x) << S_RTE_REQ_LUT_BASE) #define G_RTE_REQ_LUT_BASE(x) (((x) >> S_RTE_REQ_LUT_BASE) & M_RTE_REQ_LUT_BASE) #define S_RTE_READ_REQ_SELECT 31 #define V_RTE_READ_REQ_SELECT(x) ((x) << S_RTE_READ_REQ_SELECT) #define F_RTE_READ_REQ_SELECT V_RTE_READ_REQ_SELECT(1U) struct cpl_rte_delete_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 status; __u8 rsvd[3]; }; struct cpl_rte_write_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8:6; __u8 write_tcam:1; __u8 write_l2t_lut:1; #else __u8 write_l2t_lut:1; __u8 write_tcam:1; __u8:6; #endif __u8 rsvd[3]; __be32 lut_params; __be16 rsvd2; __be16 l2t_idx; __be32 netmask; __be32 faddr; }; / cpl_rte_write_req.lut_params fields / #define S_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_IX 10 #define M_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_IX 0x7FF #define V_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_IX(x) ((x) << S_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_IX) #define G_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_IX(x) (((x) >> S_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_IX) & M_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_IX) #define S_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_BASE 21 #define M_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_BASE 0x7FF #define V_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_BASE(x) ((x) << S_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_BASE) #define G_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_BASE(x) (((x) >> S_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_BASE) & M_RTE_WRITE_REQ_LUT_BASE) struct cpl_rte_write_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 status; __u8 rsvd[3]; }; struct cpl_rte_read_req { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 params; }; struct cpl_rte_read_rpl { RSS_HDR union opcode_tid ot; __u8 status; __u8 rsvd0; __be16 l2t_idx; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8:7; __u8 select:1; #else __u8 select:1; __u8:7; #endif __u8 rsvd2[3]; __be32 addr; }; struct cpl_tid_release { WR_HDR; union opcode_tid ot; __be32 rsvd; }; struct cpl_barrier { WR_HDR; __u8 opcode; __u8 rsvd[7]; }; struct cpl_rdma_read_req { __u8 opcode; __u8 rsvd[15]; }; struct cpl_rdma_terminate { #ifdef CHELSIO_FW __u8 opcode; __u8 rsvd[2]; #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) __u8 rspq:3; __u8:5; #else __u8:5; __u8 rspq:3; #endif __be32 tid_len; #endif __be32 msn; __be32 mo; __u8 data[0]; }; / cpl_rdma_terminate.tid_len fields / #define S_FLIT_CNT 0 #define M_FLIT_CNT 0xFF #define V_FLIT_CNT(x) ((x) << S_FLIT_CNT) #define G_FLIT_CNT(x) (((x) >> S_FLIT_CNT) & M_FLIT_CNT) #define S_TERM_TID 8 #define M_TERM_TID 0xFFFFF #define V_TERM_TID(x) ((x) << S_TERM_TID) #define G_TERM_TID(x) (((x) >> S_TERM_TID) & M_TERM_TID) / ULP_TX opcodes / enum { ULP_MEM_READ = 2, ULP_MEM_WRITE = 3, ULP_TXPKT = 4 }; #define S_ULPTX_CMD 28 #define M_ULPTX_CMD 0xF #define V_ULPTX_CMD(x) ((x) << S_ULPTX_CMD) #define S_ULPTX_NFLITS 0 #define M_ULPTX_NFLITS 0xFF #define V_ULPTX_NFLITS(x) ((x) << S_ULPTX_NFLITS) struct ulp_mem_io { WR_HDR; __be32 cmd_lock_addr; __be32 len; }; / ulp_mem_io.cmd_lock_addr fields / #define S_ULP_MEMIO_ADDR 0 #define M_ULP_MEMIO_ADDR 0x7FFFFFF #define V_ULP_MEMIO_ADDR(x) ((x) << S_ULP_MEMIO_ADDR) #define S_ULP_MEMIO_LOCK 27 #define V_ULP_MEMIO_LOCK(x) ((x) << S_ULP_MEMIO_LOCK) #define F_ULP_MEMIO_LOCK V_ULP_MEMIO_LOCK(1U) / ulp_mem_io.len fields / #define S_ULP_MEMIO_DATA_LEN 28 #define M_ULP_MEMIO_DATA_LEN 0xF #define V_ULP_MEMIO_DATA_LEN(x) ((x) << S_ULP_MEMIO_DATA_LEN) #endif / T3_CPL_H */	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
London REPUBLICANS looking for a friendly shoulder to cry on in the coming months could do worse than look up their ideological cousins across the Atlantic. For the Conservative Party in Britain knows what it feels like to be wiped out in a watershed election by a charismatic opponent whose victory brings jubilant scenes on the streets and heady talk of a new dawn. For the Tories, the cataclysm came 11 years ago when Tony Blair buried them in a landslide. Since then, they have suffered two more general election defeats, enduring their longest spell in the parliamentary wilderness since the mid-19th century. What might panicked Republicans learn from the Tory experience? That apparently the first response to electoral disaster is denial. In the immediate aftermath of 1997, a few brave Tory souls dared venture that the party would have to undergo radical change, that it had to inch toward the center and demonstrate that it was not as out of touch as the critics alleged. The party’s new leader, William Hague, duly tried to prove his credentials as a modern chap by wearing a baseball cap a curious definition of modernity, admittedly, but let that stand as evidence of how passé the Tories circa 1997 seemed and by attending the Notting Hill Carnival, a big event for black Londoners. It was “compassionate conservatism,” British-style.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
1. Field of the Invention Embodiments of the present invention relate to an exhaust gas control system for an internal combustion engine. 2. Description of Related Art An air purifier has been known that includes: an air purification catalyst that is disposed in an air passage and purifies air; and a microwave irradiator that is disposed on an upstream side of the air purification catalyst in the air passage and irradiates the air purification catalyst with a microwave at a specified frequency, in which the air purification catalyst includes a carrier substrate and a catalytic substance that is disposed on the carrier substrate and purifies the air, in which the carrier substrate contains a heating body that can absorb the microwave, and in which the heating body absorbs the microwave from the microwave irradiator and thereby generates heat (see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-158947 (JP 2006-158947 A), for example). Typically, the catalytic substance does not function as a catalyst until it reaches an activation temperature or higher. Thus, in JP 2006-158947 A, the heating body generates the heat by using the microwave and heats the carrier substrate, and the catalytic substance on the carrier substrate is thereby heated to the activation temperature or higher.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
Tag: Prince Harry Two years of marriage in and the rest of a lifetime to go for Meghan Markle and Prince Harry. The famous pair officially rang in their second wedding anniversary on Wednesday while fans recalled their world-famous nuptials inside St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle on that picturesque day in May 2018. And, as royal enthusiasts well know, a lot has happened since the two officially tied the knot and became husband and wife, notably their first child, Archie Harrison, and more recently, their headline-making exit from life as senior royals. The family of three has since relocated to Calif., reportedly staying in a mansion owned by Tyler Perry. While it’s unclear whether they’re guests or renting the property for the time-being, the two have been keeping a low profile in recent months—particularly after retiring their @SussexRoyal Instagram account in late March—save for occasional glimpses of their ongoing virtual work with their patronages and charitable endeavors. Considering the nature of life right now amid the coronavirus pandemic, it’s no surprise the couple kept their anniversary celebrations fuss-free. “They are just powering down,” a royal insider told E! News. “No calls, no Zoom meetings, no work. Just hanging out as a family. Keeping things simple.” However, that doesn’t mean their anniversary went without gifts. David Fisher/Shutterstock “They generally follow traditional anniversary gift giving,” a source shared. “The second year is cotton and they each put their own spin on it. They are very thoughtful and romantic gift givers.” Cotton material is said to symbolize both comfort and strength and inspires the metaphor of married pairs becoming more woven together over time. The couple commemorated their first wedding anniversary publicly last year by sharing never-before-seen photos of their milestone day. “Thank you for all of the love and support from so many of you around the world,” they said in a joint statement on Instagram at the time. “Each of you made this day even more meaningful.” Prince William and Kate Middleton change their names on social media accounts – and it's praised by fans “This year, they both gave each other gifts based on cotton,” the insider told People. “Undoubtedly, it was a very creative and romantic gesture as all their gifts are to one another. “They love to do their own take on traditional wedding gifts,” the insider added. Archie's best moments as Prince Harry and Meghan celebrate his first birthday “The first anniversary was paper, and Meghan wrote out the wedding speech and had it framed for him.” According to wedding lifestyle website The Knot, cotton represents how close and interconnected a married couple will be in the beginning of their marriage and demonstrates how husbands and wives can become more flexible as they grow. Paper, meanwhile, represents the fragile beginnings of a marriage, but, if protected, can survive for “a lifetime”. It comes after reports that the couple are living in a £14.5million home owned by producer and actor Tyler Perry in Los Angeles. The eight bedroom house in Beverly Hills is owned by Diary Of A Mad Black Woman star Tyler Perry and is believed to cost $18million. Although Harry and Meghan have never been seen with Tyler, they are thought to have connected with him through their mutual friend Oprah Winfrey. Read More Prince Harry and Meghan Markle Prince Harry and Meghan Markle 'took… Meghan Markle 'baked strawberries an… Loose Women stars slam Meghan Markle… Prince Harry feels 'rudderless' afte… A source said: "Meghan and Harry have been extremely cautious to keep their base in LA under wraps. "Their team helped them choose the location for their transition to Los Angeles wisely. Inside Meghan Markle and Prince Harry's £14.7m LA house they are rumoured to be staying in owned by Tyler Perry Meghan Markle and Prince Harry set to face huge challenge that'll put their marriage to the test "Beverly Ridge has its own guarded gate and Tyler's property has a gate of its own which is watched by their security team. "Beverly Ridge is an excellent place to keep out of view. The neighbours are mostly old money and mega rich business types rather than show business gossips. "It goes without saying that the location is stunning – just one of the most beautiful and desirable areas in LA," the insider continued to tell Daily Mail TV. The Duke and Duchess of Sussex have just marked their second wedding anniversary and if last year is anything to go by, Prince Harry was in for a sweet surprise from wife Meghan. Much was said last year about Harry’s gift to his wife – an eternity ring – but Meghan’s gift was kept a secret, until now. Prince Harry and Meghan celebrated their second wedding anniversary in Los Angeles According to PEOPLE, Meghan, who has impeccable handwriting and was once a freelance calligrapher, wrote out their wedding speech and framed it for Harry – what a way to mark their paper wedding anniversary! Last year was definitely an anniversary to remember, not only was it their first but just weeks before they had welcomed their first child into the world – Archie Harrison. To mark his birth and their anniversary, Harry gifted Meghan an eternity ring, which she first wore when introducing their son to the world in Windsor Castle. The couple introduced their first child to the world weeks before their first anniversary New mum Meghan wore her sparkling accessory next to her Welsh gold wedding band and her three-stone diamond engagement ring. Eternity rings symbolize everlasting love and are usually given by a spouse to their wife to commemorate a milestone wedding anniversary or to celebrate the welcoming of a new child. The ring is also typically covered in diamonds in an infinite loop around the band. This year, the pair celebrated their seconf wedding anniversary in Los Angeles, where they are self-isolating with Archie since moving there from Canada in mid-March. The couple are residing at a £15million mansion owned by Tyler Perry in the Beverly Ridge Estate of LA and have been given small sneak peek’s inside. Most recently, Harry and Meghan showed off one of the mansion’s rooms during a video call with the Crisis Text Line team. Attendee Ricky Neil shared a picture on Instagram of the call and it showed Meghan and Harry sitting next to each other with two large black lamps visible from behind. A large painting could also be seen, as well as wooden panelling on the walls. Prince Harry and Meghan Markle are thought to be living in luxury inside the Beverly Hills mega-mansion owned by film tycoon Tyler Perry. It was reported recently that the couple, who relocated to Los Angeles when they stepped down from senior royal duties, have been staying in the Tuscan-style villa that is worth £14.7m ($18m). Along with eight bedrooms and 12 bathrooms, a glimpse inside the lavish abode provided by the film studio owner's Instagram page reveals that Harry and Meghan could be enjoying such features like a sunken bath, a separate chapel, a nursery and the sweeping views of the LA skyline. Get exclusive celebrity stories and fabulous photoshoots straight to your inbox with OK's daily newsletter. You can sign up at the top of the page. Tyler's property sits within a 22-acre plot of land in the ultra-exclusive Beverly Ridge Estates guard-gated community. And scrolling back through the 50-year-old's feed reveals an incredible insight into the sprawling home that Meghan, 38, and Harry, 35, may possibly have been staying during the coronavirus lockdown. Back in 2016 when celebrating his son Aman's christening, Tyler welcomed famous faces including his pal Oprah who is his son's godmother, to his specially built chapel. Meghan Markle's dazzling wedding day jewellery and how she may not be able to borrow from the Queen again The ceremony took place inside the building which sits within the 22 acres of his property and is a replica of a church his mother attended as a child. As well as that, there's an enormous pool which has stunning views of the city and surrounding hills. There's also plenty of space to host a soiree with restaurant style seating and umbrellas to protect guests from the LA sunshine. In another snap of the view, Tyler shared a picture from a terrace area he calls the "back deck" in 2013 of storm clouds gathered above. In the same year, the film studio owner also proved he had taste when it came to bathing in style, as he took a dip in a sunken bath. Situated in the middle of one of the 12 bathrooms the circular basin sits in the middle with a huge chandelier hanging above. There's also a nursery elsewhere in the property, that could be perfect as Archie's room, as it was once set up for Tyler's now 5-year-old son Aman who he shares with wife Gelila Bekele. Tyler proudly posted about his back garden which was overflowing with flowers and greenery, overlooking LA. And there's more than space to take his dogs on a long walk without ever leaving the property, which proves perfect for Meghan who has her two pet pooches. Download OK! magazine's FREE app and get all the latest gossip straight to your phone Get celebrity exclusives, at home tours, fashion and beauty news and clever cleaning hacks straight to your inbox! Despite being in lockdown there would be plenty of space to hold a party, as Tyler proved when he invited several of his famous friends round to celebrate his 45th birthday – and had Stevie Wonder play at his piano in his living room. Meanwhile the Duke and Duchess of Sussex have the option of several cosy nooks in Tyler's property, including a spacious room where the Diary Of A Mad Black Woman star puts up his Christmas tree. There's the huge kitchen with a centre island that would be the ideal spot for Meghan and Harry to whip up some family dinners. Especially as it goes largely unused by Tyler, who confessed he needed some cooking lessons when it came to making Thanksgiving dinner. And when Meghan and Harry are making phone calls as part of their remaining duties to raise spirits during the COVID-19 pandemic, there's a study for them which boasts incredible mahogany furniture and comfy leather chairs. Although Harry and Meghan have never been seen with Tyler and they have not confirmed they are living there, they are thought to have connected with him through their mutual friend Oprah Winfrey. A source said: "Meghan and Harry have been extremely cautious to keep their base in LA under wraps. Their team helped them choose the location for their transition to Los Angeles wisely. "Beverly Ridge has its own guarded gate and Tyler's property has a gate of its own which is watched by their security team. It is an excellent place to keep out of view. The neighbours are mostly old money and mega rich business types rather than show business gossips. "It goes without saying that the location is stunning – just one of the most beautiful and desirable areas in LA," the insider continued to tell Daily Mail TV. Meghan Markle and Prince Harry have been secretly volunteering at L.A. based charity Project Angel Food. Here’s how they’re helping the city’s most vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. On Wednesday, April 15, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle stepped out to deliver meals — and a smile — to some Los Angeles residents living with critical illnesses. But it wasn’t the first time they’ve volunteered at Project Angel Food, a non-profit charity that cooks, prepares and delivers meals to people in need. “The Duke and Duchess wanted to be of service on Easter, and they decided to volunteer at Project Angel Food and give our drivers a break that day,” Richard Ayoub, Project Angel Food’s executive director, told HollywoodLife EXCLUSIVELY. “They loved the experience so much that they came back on Wednesday, and did more deliveries.” “I think their whole goal was to be of service,” Richard explained to HL. “That was their main goal, their secondary goal was to relieve our drivers of some of their workload, because our drivers delivered to 50 to 60, people a day. Ant their third goal was to hopefully give someone a smile.” Richard, who was there to give Meghan and Harry the tour, called the couple “totally down to earth” and told HL that it was all a big surprise. “It was very surprising and really pretty spectacular that this is the first organization, not only in L.A., but in the United States, that they wanted to work with, and that happened to be Project Angel Food.” “I greeted them on Easter Sunday. It’s the best Easter Sunday I’ve ever had. And I gave them a tour of the kitchen. And they talked to our chefs. And they were very, very highly engaged. They asked questions, they asked about the meal production, about the medically tailored meals, about how many we do a week, who are the clients, and what are they going through. And then they talked to chefs and asked the chefs how long they had worked with us. They were really spectacular.” “One of the first questions I asked them, before we went into the kitchen, was how would you like to be referred to as Duke and Duchess? And they immediately interrupted me and said no, as Harry and Meghan.” Not only were they interested in learning all about the charity, they were also very hands on. “They drove in their own vehicle,” Richard told HL. “They took our food, a week’s worth of food delivered to each client. And they also took non perishable food, because we’re delivering it to every client, just in case of emergency and we can’t get to them, that they have food.” “I think that Meghan wants to show Harry L.A. through the eyes of philanthropy and through the eyes of Project Angel Food. They really are concerned about vulnerable people. You know, especially with COVID. Our clients are the ones who are most prone to get the virus. And if they get it. They may die because most are over the age of 60, and they have heart disease, lung disease, diabetes. And Meghan and Harry, they were really interested in meeting the clients and talking to them and seeing how they were doing.” Although Meghan was already familiar with Project Angel Food, Richard told HL that it was her mother, Doria Ragland, that suggested they help out at the highly respected charity. “Meghan says that because she lived in L.A. she knew about Project Angel Food. And they wanted to do something to volunteer on Easter, and she was talking to her mother and her mother said Project Angel Food needs help.” Richard told HL that helping out during COVID-19 is a big concern for the couple. “They really care about people and about making the world a better place. And COVID is going on, and so, I think they thought Project Angel Food takes care of these people, let’s go see some of them. And they were really impressed with the gratitude that they received on behalf of Project Angel Food, people were just gushing about how this service is so important to them right now. “When they came to see us they didn’t take any pictures or do anything for publicity. I think they just did it because those are the kinds of people they are, that’s what they do. Harry’s whole life has been service and that’s just who they are.” Although Meghan and Harry didn’t bring their 11-month-old son, Archie Harrison Mountbatten Windsor, along for their volunteering, as soon as they were done they back to playing with there beloved baby. “After Easter they called me and said well we did all our deliveries and we’re gonna go play with Archie now,” Richard told HL. Since it’s inception in 1989, Project Angel Food as served over 12 million meals to more than 20,000 people. But with COVID-19 the need is even greater. “Right now we’re feeding 1,600 people a day but we are going to be adding 400 more people this month,” Richard told HL, “so we’re really in need of donations right now.” This website uses cookies to improve your user experience and to provide you with advertisements that are relevant to your interests. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies.Ok	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
<ul> <li>br</li> <li>em</li> <li>strong</li> <li>code</li> <li>a</li> <li>img</li> <li>hr</li> <li>ul, ol</li> <li>pre</li> <li>div</li> <li>p</li> <li>blockquote</li> <li>h1 ~ h6</li> </ul>	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
The Alameda County Historical Society was founded in 1965 "to foster and encourage interest in the history of Alameda County; to publish and to aid in the publication of materials designed to preserve historical data and to increase the general knowledge of the history of the county; to provide opportunities for sociability among members of the Society; and to encourage coordination and cooperation with other history organizations." ACHS is recognized by the IRS as a 501(c)(3), a tax-exempt, non-profit organization. Hosting quarterly dinners with guest speakers on aspects of Alameda County history. Field trips to historically significant sites and communities in Alameda County, such as Mission San Jose, the USS Potomac, and Ardenwood Farm. Producing keepsake publications that are made available free to ACHS members. Keepsake booklets have included The Chinese Laborers of Lake Chabot and The Peraltas and Their Houses. Placing plaques at important Alameda County historic sites. ACHS plaques have been installed at several locations, including the Peralta houses in Oakland and San Leandro and at the Alameda County Courthouse. Assisting in the preservation of the Joaquin Miller Abbey, a National Historic Landmark located in the Oakland Hills. The Historical Society does not currently maintain a research library or archives. Any questions concerning original research should be directed to other, collecting institutions within Alameda County such as the Oakland History Room at the Oakland Public Library or the Berkeley Historical Society. Likewise, if you want to donate historical documents, photographs, or artifacts to an institution, your local historical society or museum can help you identify an appropriate repository for your donation.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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