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0 | The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease | The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease shows marked variations in time, geography, ethnicity, age, and sex. Internationally, prevalence has increased over and above demographic changes. There are several potential reasons for this increase, including the decline in other competing causes of death. Whether incidence is... | 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01419-8 | 312 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
1 | Neuroplasticity in Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder, affecting millions of people and rapidly increasing over the last decades. Even though there is no intervention yet to stop the neurodegenerative pathology, many efficient treatment methods are available, including for patients with advanc... | 10.1007/s00702-024-02813-y | 189 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
2 | A biological classification of Parkinson's disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria | With the hope that disease-modifying treatments could target the molecular basis of Parkinson's disease, even before the onset of symptoms, we propose a biologically based classification. Our classification acknowledges the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease by use of a three-component system (SynNeurGe): pres... | 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00404-0 | 212 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
3 | Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease is the most common serious movement disorder in the world, affecting about 1% of adults older than 60 years. The disease is attributed to selective loss of neurons in the substantia nigra, and its cause is enigmatic in most individuals. Symptoms of Parkinson's disease respond in varying degrees to d... | 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16305-8 | 129 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
4 | MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease: A promising direction of therapeutic strategies | Among the popular animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly used in research are those that employ neurotoxins, especially 1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). This neurotoxin exerts it neurotoxicity by causing a barrage of insults, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflamm... | 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5181 | 304 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
5 | Exercise-enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson's disease | Exercise interventions in individuals with Parkinson's disease incorporate goal-based motor skill training to engage cognitive circuitry important in motor learning. With this exercise approach, physical therapy helps with learning through instruction and feedback (reinforcement) and encouragement to perform beyond sel... | 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70123-6 | 185 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
6 | Probiotics and the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: An Update | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by motor and non-motor features. Although some progress has been made in conventional PD treatments, these breakthroughs have yet to show high efficacy in treating this neurodegenerative disease. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer... | 10.1007/s10571-021-01128-w | 180 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
7 | LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease: upstream regulation and therapeutic targeting | Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) to date. Dysfunction in LRRK2 enzymatic activities and elevated protein levels are associated with the disease. How is LRRK2 activated, and what downstream molecular and cellular processes does LRRK2 regulate? Addre... | 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.003 | 159 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
8 | Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease-dementia: current concepts and controversies | Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease-dementia (PDD), although sharing many clinical, neurochemical and morphological features, according to DSM-5, are two entities of major neurocognitive disorders with Lewy bodies of unknown etiology. Despite considerable clinical overlap, their diagnosis is based o... | 10.1007/s00702-017-1821-9 | 583 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
9 | Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease | Dementia is a frequent problem encountered in advanced stages of Parkinson disease (PD). In recent years, research has focused on the pre-dementia stages of cognitive impairment in PD, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Several longitudinal studies have shown that MCI is a harbinger of dementia in PD, although ... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.27 | 270 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
10 | Managing freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis | Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is one of the most disabling gait disorders affecting 80% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical guidelines recommend a behavioral approach for gait rehabilitation, but there is a wide diversity of behavioral modalities. Objective: The objective of this network meta-analy... | 10.1007/s00415-022-11031-z | 514 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
11 | NOX1 triggers ferroptosis and ferritinophagy, contributes to Parkinson's disease | The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). A newly emerging form of lytic cell death, ferroptosis, has been implicated in PD. However, it remains unclear in terms of PD-associated ferroptosis underlying causative genes and effective therapeutic approaches. ... | 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.007 | 216 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
12 | From the Gut to the Brain: The Role of Enteric Glial Cells and Their Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease | The brain-gut axis has been identified as an important contributor to the physiopathology of Parkinson's disease. In this pathology, inflammation is thought to be driven by the damage caused by aggregation of Ξ±-synuclein in the brain. Interestingly, the Braak's theory proposes that Ξ±-synuclein misfolding may originate ... | 10.3390/ijms25021294 | 347 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
13 | Parkinsonβs Disease: Basic knowledge | Pharmacotherapy in Parkinsonβs disease is complex and requires expertise in all health-care professions. Besides idiopathic Parkinsonβs disease (IPD) secondary parkinsonism, monogenetic Parkinsonβs disease and atypical syndromes need to be differentiated. The prevalence in the European population is estimated to be app... | null | 288 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
14 | Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation | Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used for the treatment of movement disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia and, to a lesser extent, certain treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rather than a single unifying mechanism, DBS likely a... | 10.1152/jn.00281.2015 | 148 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
15 | Parkinson's disease and translational research | Parkinson's disease (PD) is diagnosed when patients exhibit bradykinesia with tremor and/or rigidity, and when these symptoms respond to dopaminergic medications. Yet in the last years there was a greater recognition of additional aspects of the disease including non-motor symptoms and prodromal states with associated ... | 10.1186/s40035-020-00223-0 | 170 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
16 | OTUD5 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons by Promoting the Degradation of Ξ±-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease Model | Defective clearance and accumulation of Ξ±-synuclein (Ξ±-Syn) is the key pathogenic factor in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies emphasize the importance of E3 ligases in regulating the degradation of Ξ±-Syn. However, the molecular mechanisms by which deubiquitinases regulate Ξ±-Syn degradation are scarcely studied. ... | 10.1002/advs.202406700 | 248 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
17 | Teaching the basics of repurposing mitochondria-targeted drugs: From Parkinson's disease to cancer and back to Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer share common mutations in mitochondrial proteins: Parkin and PINK1. The overlapping of genes involved in PD and cancer implies that the two diseases might share a common pathogenic mechanism. There are other compelling rationales for a mechanistic link between these diseases. Mitocho... | 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101665 | 243 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
18 | The understanding of Parkinson's disease through genetics and new therapies | Introduction: Parkinson's disease is one of the progressive neurodegenerative diseases from which people suffer for years. The mechanism of this disease is associated with a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) while Lewy bodies are still present. As a result, both motor-ridity, t... | 10.1002/brb3.2577 | 388 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
19 | Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease: common pathophysiological links | Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease are chronic progressive disorders that mainly affect different organs: the gut and brain, respectively. Accumulating evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gastrointestinal inflammation and neurodegeneration, in accordance with the concept of the 'gut-brai... | 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322429 | 236 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
20 | New markers in Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by a variety of progressive motor and nonmotor symptoms. Currently, there is a dearth of diagnostic tools available to predict, diagnose or mitigate disease risk or progression, leading to a challenging dilemma withi... | 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.12.001 | 161 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
21 | Pain in Parkinson's disease and the role of the subthalamic nucleus | Pain is a frequent and poorly treated symptom of Parkinson's disease, mainly due to scarce knowledge of its basic mechanisms. In Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is a successful treatment of motor symptoms, but also might be effective in treating pain. However, it has been unclear ... | 10.1093/brain/awab001 | 307 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
22 | TDCS for parkinson's disease disease-related pain: A randomized trial | Objective: To evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on Parkinson's disease (PD)-related pain. Methods: This triple-blind randomized controlled trial included twenty-two patients (age range 38-85, 10 male) with PD-related pain. Eleven subjects received ten sessions of 20 minutes tDCS ove... | 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.01.011 | 361 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
23 | Parkinson's disease and osteoporosis: basic and clinical implications | Introduction : Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. Lewy bodies, the hallmark of this disease due to an accumulation of Ξ±-synuclein, lead to loss of dopamine-regulated motor circuits, concomitantly progressive immobilization and a broad range of nonmotor features. PD patients ... | 10.1080/17446651.2020.1756772 | 264 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
24 | A journey through cannabidiol in Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with no known cure characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms like cognitive impairment, mood disturbances, and sleep disorders often accompany the disease. Pharm... | 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.015 | 317 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
25 | Infection and Risk of Parkinson's Disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Bacterial or viral infection has been proposed as a potential risk factor, and there is supporting although not entirely consistent epidemiologic and basic science evidence to support its role. Encephalitis caused by... | 10.3233/JPD-202279 | 262 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
26 | Ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease -- The iron-related degenerative disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and advancing age-related neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Iron regional deposit in SNpc is a significant pathological characteristic of PD. Brain iron homeostasis is precisely regu... | 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102477 | 179 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
27 | Parkinson's Disease: Basic Pathomechanisms and a Clinical Overview | PD is a common and a debilitating degenerative movement disorder. The number of patients is increasing worldwide and as yet there is no cure for the disease. The majority of existing treatments target motor symptom control. Over the last two decades the impact of the genetic contribution to PD has been appreciated. Sig... | 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_3 | 104 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
28 | Risk of Dementia in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Estimates of the risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PDD) vary widely. We aimed to review the incidence of PDD and in a meta-analysis estimate the pooled annual incidence and relative risk of PDD while also exploring factors that may contribute to heterogeneity between studies. Preferred Reporting Items for System... | 10.1002/mds.29918 | 353 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
29 | Anosmia and Ageusia in Parkinson's Disease | Anosmia, the loss of sense of smell, is a common nonmotor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Ageusia, the loss of sense of taste, is additionally an underappreciated nonmotor feature of PD. The olfactory tract is involved early in PD as indicated by frequent occurrence of hyposmia or anosmia years or decades before m... | 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.028 | 247 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
30 | Adaptive deep brain stimulation: Retuning Parkinson's disease | A brain-machine interface represents a promising therapeutic avenue for the treatment of many neurologic conditions. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive, neuro-modulatory tool that can improve different neurologic disorders by delivering electric stimulation to selected brain areas. DBS is particularly successf... | 10.1016/B978-0-12-819410-2.00015-1 | 183 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
31 | Pain in Parkinson's disease: Mechanism-based treatment strategies | Purpose of review: Chronic pain, highly prevalent throughout the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), has been ranked as one of the top ten most bothersome symptoms people with Parkinson's (PwP) are experiencing. Yet, robust evidence-based treatment strategies are lacking. This unmet need is partly attributable to the m... | 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000546 | 355 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
32 | Parkinson's disease and Covid-19: The effect and use of telemedicine | As a result of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic the use of telemedicine and remote assessments for patients has increased exponentially, enabling healthcare professionals to reduce the need for in-person clinical visits and, consequently, reduce the exposure to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coro... | 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.04.002 | 265 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
33 | Mitophagy in Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Treatment | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The pathogenesis of PD is complicated and remains obscure, but growing evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. Mitophagy, the process of removing damaged mitochondria, is compromised in PD patients and mo... | 10.3390/cells8070712 | 205 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
34 | A Cleaning Crew: The Pursuit of Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder, neuropathologically characterized by the aggregation of misfolded Ξ±-synuclein (Ξ±-syn) protein, which appears to be central to the onset and progression of PD pathology. Evidence from pioneering studies has highly advocated the existence of i... | 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00244 | 325 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
35 | Correlation between head tremble and the severity of Parkinson's disease | Introduction: Parkinson's (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system. It affects more than 6 million individuals worldwide. The typical clinical manifestations include static tremor, slow movement, and unstable posture. However, the correlation between head tremor and the severity of PD remains... | 10.1111/cns.13753 | 258 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
36 | Developing dopaminergic cell therapy for Parkinson's disease--give up or move forward? | Despite 3 decades of basic and clinical studies, there is still no dopaminergic cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. Several arguments have been put forward why this approach, so far tested with transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic dopamine-rich tissue, will never be of clinical use and should be abandoned: (1... | 10.1002/mds.25378 | 228 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
37 | Role of homocysteine in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease | Homocysteine is an essential intermediate product of biochemical reactions that is present in various tissues of the human body. Homocysteine may be associated with the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. Plasma homocysteine levels in patients with Parkinson's disease are elevated compared to those of h... | 10.1002/acn3.51227 | 150 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
38 | Development of early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: Illusion or reality? | The fight against neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson's disease (PD), is a challenge of the 21st century. The low efficacy of treating patients is due to the late diagnosis and start of therapy, after the degeneration of most specific neurons and depletion of neuroplasticity. It is believed that... | 10.1111/cns.13429 | 261 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
39 | Disease continuum centered on Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease (PD), once viewed as a neurodegenerative disorder, is now increasingly recognized as part of a broader disease continuum, intricately linked to comorbidities across various organ systems. This study provides a snapshot of the disease continuum centered on PD, using a disease-wide association study (... | 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.01.002 | 229 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
40 | Moving beyond basic emotions in Parkinson's disease | Objective: Emotion recognition is a fundamental neurocognitive capacity that is a critical predictor of interpersonal function and, in turn, mental health. Although people with Parkinson's disease (PD) often exhibit difficulties recognizing emotions, almost all studies to date have focused on basic emotions (happiness,... | 10.1111/bjc.12354 | 475 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
41 | Sensory symptoms in Parkinson's disease: Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment | Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population and is typically manifested by motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms and signs. Nonmotor symptoms, such as sensory symptoms, have been regarded as the significant features of this disease. These symptoms often... | 10.1002/jnr.23729 | 166 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
42 | Role of Exosomes in the Pathogenesis and Theranostic of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease | Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) threatening the lives of millions of people worldwide, including especially elderly people. Currently, due to the lack of a timely diagnosis and proper intervention strategy, AD and PD largely remain incurable. I... | 10.3390/ijms241311054 | 330 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
43 | Treatment paradigms in Parkinson's Disease and Covid-19 | People with Parkinson's Disease (PwP) may be at higher risk for complications from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) due to older age and to the multi-faceted nature of Parkinson's Disease (PD) per se, presenting with a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. Those on advanced therapies may be particularly vulne... | 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.03.002 | 253 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
44 | Orexin and Parkinson's disease: A protective neuropeptide with therapeutic potential | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. PD is characterized by motor dysfunctions as well as non-motor disorders. Orexin (also known as hypocretin) is a kind of neuropeptide involved in the... | 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104754 | 214 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
45 | Controversy of TMEM230 Associated with Parkinson's Disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders including resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The key pathological features of PD are selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantial nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs). Mutations in ... | 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.004 | 283 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
46 | The zona incerta system: Involvement in Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system, resulting in progressive motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although most studies have focused on the basal ganglia network, recent evidence suggests that the zona incerta (ZI), a subthalamic structure composed of 4 neurochemicall... | 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114992 | 236 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
47 | The pharmacological management of the behavioral aspects of Parkinson's disease: an update | Introduction: Behavioural symptoms are common manifestations of Parkinson's disease and include depression, anxiety, impulse control disorders, hallucinations, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction. They remain inadequately addressed in many patients despite their relevance for quality of life and disability. This appli... | 10.1080/14656566.2023.2240228 | 257 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
48 | Retinal Changes in Parkinson's Disease: A Non-invasive Biomarker for Early Diagnosis | Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) which leads to the depletion of dopamine in the body. The lack of dopamine is mainly due to aggregation of misfolded Ξ±-synuclein which causes motor impairment in PD. Dopamine is also required for ... | 10.1007/s10571-023-01419-4 | 192 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
49 | Binding of Ξ±-synuclein to ACO2 promotes progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease models | The accumulation of Ξ±-synuclein (Ξ±-syn), a key protein in Parkinson's disease (PD), contributes to progressive neuronal damage associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and interactions with various proteins. However, the precise mechanism by which Ξ±-syn affects energy metabolism remains unclear. In our study, we used ... | 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103399 | 290 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
50 | Proteomics in human Parkinson's disease research | During the last decades, considerable advances in the understanding of specific mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease have been achieved, yet neither definite etiology nor unifying sequence of molecular events has been formally established. Current unmet needs in Parkinson's disease research in... | 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.07.007 | 271 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
51 | Parkinson's disease. Second of two parts | At no time in the past have the basic and clinical sciences applied to Parkinson's disease been so active. Experimental therapies under study at present promise to improve on the limitations of existing treatments. Future progress in understanding the causation and pathogenesis of the disorder will permit the developme... | 10.1056/NEJM199810153391607 | 81 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
52 | Molecular imaging of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease | Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are very common in neurodegenerative diseases and are a major contributor to disability and caregiver burden. There is accumulating evidence that NPS may be a prodrome and/or a "risk factor" of neurodegenerative diseases. The medications used to treat these symptoms in younger patients a... | 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.010 | 211 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
53 | Catechol-O-methyltransferase and Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the main causes of neurological disability in the elderly. Levodopa is the gold standard for treating this disease, but chronic levodopa therapy is complicated by motor fluctuation and dyskinesia. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors represent a new class of antiparkinso... | 10.18926/AMO/31725 | 268 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
54 | Targeting Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson's Disease | Neurodegeneration is among the most critical challenges that involve modern societies and annually influences millions of patients worldwide. While the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated, the role of mitochondrial is demonstrated. The in vitro and in vivo models and genome-wide association studi... | 10.1007/s10571-022-01265-w | 177 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
55 | Update: Descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson disease | We review the descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson disease (PD). PD is a prevalent neurologic disorder in high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) nations with rising prevalence in low and middle SDI nations. PD became a prevalent disorder in high SDI nations during the 20th century. Population growth, population aging, and... | 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106000 | 183 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
56 | The interaction between alpha-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder with the hallmark of abnormal aggregates of alpha-synuclein (Ξ±-syn) in Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs). Currently, pathogenic Ξ±-syn and mitochondrial dysfunction have been considered as prominent roles that give impetus to the PD onset... | 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107122 | 111 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
57 | Progress of immunotherapy of anti-Ξ±-synuclein in Parkinson's disease | Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of neurons and abnormal protein accumulation, including amyloid (A)Ξ² and tau in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy bodies and Ξ±-synuclein (Ξ±-syn) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence suggests that adaptive immunity plays an important role in PD, an... | 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108843 | 178 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
58 | Dyclonine relieves the Parkinson's disease progression in rotenone-induced Drosophila model | It has been estimated that there will be 930 million Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in 2030 in the whole world. However, no therapy has been effective for PD until now. Only levodopa is the available primary drug for the treatment of motor symptoms. Therefore, it is an urgent task to develop new drugs to inhibit the... | 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114561 | 211 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
59 | Light Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: Towards Mechanism-Based Protocols | A growing body of work is investigating the safety and efficacy of light in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we discuss the potential of this emerging therapy to improve both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. We also highlight directions for future basic, translational, and clinical research that are critical for the d... | 10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.002 | 75 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
60 | Molecular Imaging of the Serotonergic System in Parkinson's Disease | In the last decades, the main focus of molecular imaging of Parkinson's disease has been on non-dopaminergic systems involved in the disease alongside the pathognomonic dopaminergic changes. Molecular imaging can detect, in vivo, both presynaptic and postsynaptic serotonergic changes in the brain and has played a key r... | 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.08.002 | 270 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
61 | Iron Dysregulation in Parkinson's Disease: Focused on the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Although both iron accumulation and a defective autophagy-lysosome pathway contribute to the pathological development of PD, the connection between ... | 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00390 | 251 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
62 | Parkinson's disease: past, present, and future | The development of understanding of the pathophysiology and modes of treatment of Parkinson's disease represents one of the triumphs of modern medicine, encompassing astute clinical observation, utilization of basic research findings regarding dopamine to develop the first rational treatment of a degenerative disorder ... | 10.1038/npp.1993.39 | 390 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
63 | Recognition and characterising non-motor profile in early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) | Early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) has been recently defined as a clinical entity with subjects presenting with Parkinson's disease (PD) between the ages of 21-50 and replaces the term Young Onset PD (YOPD). Presentations in this age group are somewhat different to the typical Late Onset sporadic PD (LOPD) and gene... | 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107123 | 249 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
64 | Impact of Covid-19 on research and training in Parkinson's disease | The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic and the consequent restrictions imposed worldwide have posed an unprecedented challenge to research and training in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pandemic has caused loss of productivity, reduced access to funding, an oft-acute switch to digital platforms, and changes in... | 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.04.003 | 290 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
65 | Phytotherapy in treatment of Parkinson's disease: a review | Context : Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to gradual loss of dopaminergic nerves in the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain. PD leads to certain motor disorders including resting tremor, muscle stiffness and slow movement. Medicinal plants have shown positive pharmacological effects in tr... | 10.1080/13880209.2019.1618344 | 318 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
66 | Parkinson's disease: genetic versus toxin-induced rodent models | Parkinson's disease (PD), a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and neuronal proteinaceous aggregates called Lewy bodies (LBs). The etiology of PD is probably a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Recent progress in mo... | 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06302.x | 299 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
67 | Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease | The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is not easy. Developments in basic research have indicated pathophysiological links among parkinsonian syndromes that are still classified as independent entities. On the other hand, genetic studies are dividing forms that fit into the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The ... | 10.1007/s100720300032 | 88 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
68 | Parkinson's disease psychosis associated with accelerated multidomain cognitive decline | Background: Cognitive deficits are associated with poor quality of life and increased risk of development of dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) psychosis. The trajectory of cognitive decline in PD psychosis remains however unclear. Objective: We examined this using data from the Parkinson's Progression ... | 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301062 | 470 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
69 | Balancing Apoptosis and Autophagy for Parkinson's Disease Therapy: Targeting BCL-2 | Apoptosis and autophagy are important intracellular processes that maintain organism homeostasis and promote survival. Autophagy selectively degrades damaged cellular organelles and protein aggregates, while apoptosis removes damaged or aged cells. Maintaining a balance between autophagy and apoptosis is critical for c... | 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00356 | 190 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
70 | Under-reporting of Parkinson's disease on death certificates: a population-based study (NEDICES) | Background: Parkinson's disease is frequently omitted as a cause of death from death certificates. A limitation of previous studies that attempted to assess the validity of death certificates is that population-dwelling cases, with milder, undiagnosed Parkinson's disease were likely excluded. As a result, those studies... | 10.1016/j.jns.2014.08.048 | 345 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
71 | Update on Parkinson disease | This Update reviews developments in the pathophysiology and treatment of Parkinson disease during the past several years. In the area of pathophysiology, studies have addressed the contribution of environmental factors such as caffeine and pesticides. Large-scale epidemiologic studies have also expanded the role geneti... | 10.7326/0003-4819-138-8-200304150-00013 | 168 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
72 | Unmet Needs of Women Living with Parkinson's Disease: Gaps and Controversies | Personalized medicine considering sex, gender, and cultural context has become the vanguard of delivery of care. However, women's issues in Parkinson disease (PD), especially from a psychosocial standpoint, have been an overlooked field. The key research areas include women-inclusive drug and device studies and genetic... | 10.1002/mds.28921 | 327 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
73 | Wellness, sexual health, and nonmotor Parkinson's | Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) range from neuropsychiatric and cognitive to sleep, sensory, and genito-urinary disorders, and occur as a result of the disease process as well as due to side effects of drug treatment for PD. Sexual dysfunction is an important aspect of the nonmotor profile of Parkinson's ... | 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.12.006 | 198 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
74 | Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Therapy | Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks the second place among neurodegenerative diseases in terms of its morbidity, which affects 1-2% people aged over 65 years. In addition to genetics, some environmental factors may exert vital parts in PD occurrence as well. At present, more and more studies are conducted to elucidate the a... | 10.1177/17590914211016217 | 247 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
75 | Trajectories of prediagnostic functioning in Parkinson's disease | SEE BREEN AND LANG DOI101093/AWW321 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: At the time of clinical diagnosis, patients with Parkinson's disease already have a wide range of motor and non-motor features that affect their daily functioning. However, the temporal sequence of occurrence of these features remains larg... | 10.1093/brain/aww291 | 516 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
76 | Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized pathologically by dopaminergic neuron loss and the formation of Lewy bodies, which are enriched with aggregated Ξ±-synuclein (Ξ±-syn). PD currently has no cure, but therapeutic strategies are available to alleviate symptoms. Early diagnosis can ... | 10.14336/AD.2023.1005 | 160 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
77 | Can Berberine Serve as a New Therapy for Parkinson's Disease? | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration and deposition of alpha-synuclein. Mechanisms associated with PD etiology include oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and abnormalities in neurotransmission, to name a few. Drugs used to treat PD have shown sign... | 10.1007/s12640-022-00526-2 | 156 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
78 | Effects of safinamide on pain in patients with fluctuating Parkinson's disease | Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are integral to Parkinson's Disease (PD) and management remains a challenge. Safinamide is a novel molecule in relation to addressing NMS due to its multifocal mechanism of action with both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic properties. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of safin... | 10.1002/brb3.2336 | 445 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
79 | Multimodal data fusion reveals functional and neurochemical correlates of Parkinson's disease | Background: Neurotransmitter deficits and spatial associations among neurotransmitter distribution, brain activity, and clinical features in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. Better understanding of neurotransmitter impairments in PD may provide potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, we aimed to investigate t... | 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106527 | 285 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
80 | Benefits of Vitamins in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, which is clinically characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, abnormal posture balance, and hypermyotonia. Currently, the pathogenic mechanism of PD remains unclear. Numerous clinical studies as well as animal and cell exp... | 10.1155/2019/9426867 | 196 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
81 | Can we prevent parkinson's disease? | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1 million people in the United States. Although the cause of PD remains unknown, a number of factors that increase the risk of developing this disease have been identified. Other factors that may prevent or slow down PD development and pr... | 10.2741/3331 | 98 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
82 | Modulating Ξ±-synuclein propagation and decomposition: Implications in Parkinson's disease therapy | Ξ±-Synuclein (Ξ±-Syn) is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Under pathological conditions, the conformation of Ξ±-syn changes and different forms of Ξ±-syn lead to neurotoxicity. According to Braak stages, Ξ±-syn can propagate in different brain regions, inducing neurodegeneration and correspon... | 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102319 | 229 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
83 | Reading comprehension in Parkinson's disease | Purpose: Although individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) self-report reading problems and experience difficulties in cognitive-linguistic functions that support discourse-level reading, prior research has primarily focused on sentence-level processing and auditory comprehension. Accordingly, the authors investigated... | 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0087 | 273 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
84 | Insights into the roles of bacterial infection and antibiotics in Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which is accompanied with the classical motor symptoms and a range of non-motor symptoms. Bacterial infection affects the neuroinflammation associated with the pathology of PD and various antibiotics have also been confirmed to play an impo... | 10.3389/fcimb.2022.939085 | 100 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
85 | Common Mechanisms Underlying Ξ±-Synuclein-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurological movement disorder characterized by the selective and irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. While most cases are sporadic or environmental, about 10% of patients have a positiv... | 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167992 | 348 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
86 | [Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease and Current Concepts of Outpatient Care in Germany] | The ambulatory care of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in Germany has been established for a long time. As the prevalence of Parkinson's disease continues to increase, the outpatient neurological sector is becoming more and more important and needs to adapt itself to current needs. This includes an optimization ... | 10.1055/s-0043-103275 | 220 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
87 | MALAT1 lncRNA and Parkinson's Disease: The role in the Pathophysiology and Significance for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. PD is characterized by progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) region of brain tissue followed by the Ξ±-synuclein-based Lewy bodies' formation. These conditions are manifested by various motor ... | 10.1007/s12035-022-02899-z | 334 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
88 | Oxidative stress in genetic mouse models of Parkinson's disease | There is extensive evidence in Parkinson's disease of a link between oxidative stress and some of the monogenically inherited Parkinson's disease-associated genes. This paper focuses on the importance of this link and potential impact on neuronal function. Basic mechanisms of oxidative stress, the cellular antioxidant ... | 10.1155/2012/624925 | 187 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
89 | Treatment of early Parkinson's disease | The early treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) consists of nonpharmacologic treatment, consideration of neuroprotective therapy, and initial symptomatic treatment. Education for the patient and family, access to support groups, regular exercise, and good nutrition are essential to the overall management of PD. Disease... | 10.1212/wnl.58.suppl_1.s79 | 194 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
90 | Differentiated Embryo-Chondrocyte Expressed Gene1 and Parkinson's Disease: New Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives | Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene1 (DEC1), an important transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain, is ubiquitously expressed in both human embryonic and adult tissues. DEC1 is involved in neural differentiation and neural maturation in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies sugg... | 10.2174/1570159X21666230502123729 | 136 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
91 | How pain arises in Parkinson's disease? | In recent years, increasing attention has centred on pain in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pain in PD is heterogeneous in quality and body distribution. To clarify how the various pain types relate to PD and to propose plausible treatment strategies, in this paper we reviewed psychophysical, neurophysiological and imaging ... | 10.1111/ene.12260 | 197 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
92 | Parkinson's disease: insights from non-traditional model organisms | Parkinson's disease (PD) was one of the first neurological disorders to have aspects of the disease modeled faithfully in non-human animal species. A key feature of the disease is a diminished control over voluntary movement and progressive depletion of brain dopamine (DA) levels that stems from the large-scale loss of... | 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.09.001 | 351 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
93 | Prodromal Parkinson's Disease: A Snapshot of the Landscape | Early observations of specific nonmotor and subtle motor symptoms preceding clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) have paved the way for prodromal PD research, significantly propelling our understanding of early, subclinical stages of neurodegeneration. Prodromal PD has emerged as a complex concept with some r... | 10.1016/j.ncl.2024.12.004 | 135 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
94 | Basic science in Parkinson's disease: its impact on clinical practice | Failures in clinical studies that were aimed to prove disease-modifying effects of treatments in Parkinson's disease (PD) raise the question as to whether basic sciences have had an impact in clinical practice. This question implies that despite well-publicized results obtained by intensive genetic and pathogenetic res... | 10.1007/s00415-011-6040-y | 189 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
95 | Gene Signals and SNPs Associated with Parkinson's Disease: A Nutrigenomics and Computational Prospective Insights | Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disease. Neurological conditions for PD were influenced by a variety of epigenetic factors and SNPs in some of the coexisting genes that were expressed. This article focused on nutrigenomics of PD and the prospective highlighting of how these genes are... | 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.007 | 222 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
96 | Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1 and Its Role in Parkinson's Disease | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), also known as Parkinson's disease protein 5, is a highly expressed protein in the brain. It plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), where it acts as a deubiquitinase (DUB) enzyme. Being the smallest member of the UCH family of DUBs, it catalyze... | 10.3390/ijms25021303 | 371 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
97 | Effects of exercise on mobility in people with Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder for which only symptomatic treatment exists. Gait and balance disturbance is common in Parkinson's disease and is a major contributor to increased disability and decreased health-related quality of life and survival. Balance and gait deficits in Parkinson's ... | 10.1002/mds.25658 | 238 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
98 | Toxin-Induced Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease | The debilitating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) result primarily from the degenerative nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. To elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and evaluate therapeutic strategies for PD, numerous animal models have been developed. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these models ca... | 10.1101/cshperspect.a041643 | 168 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
99 | Parkinson's disease and brain insulin signaling: Mechanisms and potential role of GLP-1 mimetics | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The pathophysiology of PD is complex and multifactorial involving genetic factors, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein clea... | 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149738 | 262 | Parkinson | νν¨μ¨ μ§λ³μ μ΄ν΄ |
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