| { |
| "dataset_name": "PHOIBLE Phonological Inventories", |
| "last_updated": "2026-01-15", |
| "source": "PHOIBLE database (phoible.org) - cross-linguistic phonological inventory database", |
| "record_count": 105484, |
| "fields": { |
| "InventoryID": "Unique identifier for each language's phonological inventory", |
| "Glottocode": "Glottolog language identifier code", |
| "ISO6393": "ISO 639-3 language code", |
| "LanguageName": "Name of the language", |
| "SpecificDialect": "Dialect specification if applicable", |
| "GlyphID": "Unicode code point identifier for the phoneme glyph", |
| "Phoneme": "IPA representation of the phoneme", |
| "Allophones": "Allophonic variants of the phoneme", |
| "Marginal": "Whether the phoneme is marginal in the inventory", |
| "SegmentClass": "Classification as consonant or vowel", |
| "Source": "Source of the inventory data (e.g., spa, upsid, gm, aa, ph, ra, saphon, er)", |
| "tone": "Tonal feature value", |
| "stress": "Stress feature value", |
| "syllabic": "Syllabic feature value", |
| "short": "Short duration feature value", |
| "long": "Long duration feature value", |
| "consonantal": "Consonantal feature value", |
| "sonorant": "Sonorant feature value", |
| "continuant": "Continuant feature value", |
| "delayedRelease": "Delayed release feature value", |
| "approximant": "Approximant feature value", |
| "tap": "Tap/flap feature value", |
| "trill": "Trill feature value", |
| "nasal": "Nasal feature value", |
| "lateral": "Lateral feature value", |
| "labial": "Labial place feature value", |
| "round": "Lip rounding feature value", |
| "labiodental": "Labiodental feature value", |
| "coronal": "Coronal place feature value", |
| "anterior": "Anterior feature value", |
| "distributed": "Distributed feature value", |
| "strident": "Strident feature value", |
| "dorsal": "Dorsal place feature value", |
| "high": "High tongue body feature value", |
| "low": "Low tongue body feature value", |
| "front": "Front tongue body feature value", |
| "back": "Back tongue body feature value", |
| "tense": "Tense feature value", |
| "retractedTongueRoot": "Retracted tongue root (RTR) feature value", |
| "advancedTongueRoot": "Advanced tongue root (ATR) feature value", |
| "periodicGlottalSource": "Periodic glottal source (voicing) feature value", |
| "epilaryngealSource": "Epilaryngeal source feature value", |
| "spreadGlottis": "Spread glottis (aspiration) feature value", |
| "constrictedGlottis": "Constricted glottis feature value", |
| "fortis": "Fortis feature value", |
| "lenis": "Lenis feature value", |
| "raisedLarynxEjective": "Raised larynx ejective feature value", |
| "loweredLarynxImplosive": "Lowered larynx implosive feature value", |
| "click": "Click feature value" |
| }, |
| "notes": "Each row represents a single phoneme in a language's phonological inventory. Feature values use +/- notation or 0 for unspecified. Multiple inventories may exist per language from different sources. Contains 48 distinctive feature columns following a modified version of the Hayes (2009) feature system." |
| } |
|
|
