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6024ca85df3c7bce638f758b77252580 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ecole-des-Chartes | École des Chartes | École des Chartes
…was the founding of the École des Chartes (an institute for the training of French archivists) in Paris in 1821. During the next decades important collections of early-medieval French documents were printed in the Recueil des actes by a variety of eminent editors. But the greatest advances were made ... |
debf0581e584dcdd6be866a5c3f0a8e2 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ecorse | Ecorse | Ecorse
Ecorse, city, Wayne county, Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Detroit River and is one of several contiguous southern suburbs of Detroit known as downriver communities. Settled about 1795 on the site of a Native American camp and burial ground, it was called Grandport and developed in the early 20th century with... |
9eb89ca28743923908dae9cda9f058e7 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Edessa-Greece | Edessa | Edessa
Edessa, Modern Greek Édhessa, city and dímos (municipality), Central Macedonia (Modern Greek: Kendrikí Makedonía) periféreia (region), northern Greece. It is situated on a steep bluff above the valley of the Loudhiás Potamós (river). A swift, fragmented stream flowing through the city was known in ancient times... |
d20d537f08862a04a39bcfaf6523114f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt/Manufacturing | Manufacturing of Egypt | Manufacturing of Egypt
During the 20th century, manufacturing grew to be one of the largest sectors of Egypt’s economy, accounting (along with mining) for roughly one-fourth of the GDP by the 21st century. Domestic manufactures were weak from the late 19th century until about 1930 because of free trade policies that fa... |
4346cc2e89f67668722572c01c29985c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt/Rural-settlement | Rural settlement | Rural settlement
The settled Egyptian countryside, throughout the delta and the Nile valley to the High Dam, exhibits great homogeneity, although minor variations occur from north to south.
The typical rural settlement is a compact village surrounded by intensively cultivated fields. The villages range in population fr... |
fcc2118aadac8b8a4dac4bde2f1966c9 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt/Unrest-in-2011-January-25-Revolution | Unrest in 2011: January 25 Revolution | Unrest in 2011: January 25 Revolution
Days after a popular uprising in Tunisia, known as the Jasmine Revolution, forced Pres. Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali from power, protests against the Mubarak regime erupted on January 25, 2011. Thousands of protesters crowded into the main streets of downtown Cairo, chanting slogans aga... |
d83910fdc59712577858afc85d8d1136 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Einsiedeln | Einsiedeln | Einsiedeln
Einsiedeln, French Notre-Dame-des-Ermites, town, Schwyz canton, northeast-central Switzerland. It is located on the right bank of Alp Stream, northeast of Schwyz city. It developed around the Benedictine abbey, founded in 934. The abbey became a principality of the Holy Roman Empire in 1274 and belonged to ... |
1554d7e62e90f80199dd101a4f6ffea1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ejmiatsin | Ejmiatsin | Ejmiatsin
Ejmiatsin, also spelled Ejmiadzin, formerly Echmiadzin or (until 1945) Vagarshapat, city, west-central Armenia. It lies on the plain of the Aras River, 12 miles (20 km) west of Yerevan. Ejmiatsin is the seat of the supreme catholicos, or primate, of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
Ejmiatsin originated in the ... |
b370bbb09458b4b11b5c11b4a2987607 | https://www.britannica.com/place/El-Escorial-library | El Escorial library | El Escorial library
El Escorial library, founded by Philip II, houses a rare collection of more than 4,700 manuscripts, many of them illuminated, and 40,000 printed books. Pop. (2005) 13,768.
The Escorial library in Madrid, erected in 1584, had been the first to do away with the medieval book bays, which were set at ri... |
86d86e5b921d8fb7d93561ced75a187e | https://www.britannica.com/place/el-Kantara-Bridge | El-Kantara Bridge | El-Kantara Bridge
…of the city by the el-Kantara Bridge, a modern 420-foot (130-metre) structure built on the site of earlier bridges. North and south of the city are, respectively, a suspension bridge and a viaduct.
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80dafc18e89ccadcfe112d1089a90828 | https://www.britannica.com/place/el-Kelaa-des-Srarhna-province-Morocco | El-Kelaa des Srarhna | El-Kelaa des Srarhna
El-Kelaa des Srarhna province is bounded by the provinces of Settat (north), Beni Mellal (northeast), Azilal (southeast), Marrakech (south), Safi (southwest), and el-Jadida (northwest). It comprises the most arid area of Morocco west of the Atlas Mountains. The western part of the province is a…
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7048621b8565d66c49020a380c52a67a | https://www.britannica.com/place/El-Monte-California-United-States | El Monte | El Monte
El Monte, city, Los Angeles county, California, U.S. El Monte lies 12 miles (20 km) east of downtown Los Angeles. Spanish missionaries and soldiers inhabited the area in the 18th and early 19th centuries and named the location for its meadows (an archaic sense of the Spanish word monte). The site, on the bank... |
90262b5aaebdc8cc574c6d0f4350102f | https://www.britannica.com/place/el-Oued | El-Oued | El-Oued
El-Oued, town, largest of the Souf Oases in northeastern Algeria. It lies in the northern Sahara some 50 miles (80 km) west of the border with Tunisia. Surrounded by the sand dunes of the Grand Erg Oriental, the Souf Oases extend for 25 miles (40 km) northwest to southeast. A river (oued) once flowed to the ea... |
0e7494dba5774aacccf2c861bfbc4177 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Elektrostal | Elektrostal | Elektrostal
Elektrostal, formerly (until 1938) Zatishye, city, Moscow oblast (province), western Russia. It lies 36 miles (58 km) east of Moscow city. The name, meaning “electric steel,” derives from the high-quality-steel industry established there soon after the October Revolution in 1917. During World War II, parts... |
e30aaca08fca141c2ba6d9d63410af3f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Elis | Elis | Elis
Elis, also called Elea, modern Iliá, ancient Greek region and city-state in the northwestern corner of the Peloponnese, well known for its horse breeding and for the Olympic Games, which were allegedly founded there in 776 bc.
The region was bounded on the north by Achaea, on the east by Arcadia, and on the south... |
3c9362237040568e9ddfd174b42c8118 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Elista | Elista | Elista
Elista, formerly (1944–57) Stepnoy, city, capital of Kalmykia republic, southwestern Russia. It was founded in 1865 and became a city in 1930. In 1944, when the Kalmyks were exiled by Joseph Stalin for their alleged collaboration with the Germans, the republic was dissolved and the city became known as Stepnoy ... |
0c427ea98d894911d538711d2235081a | https://www.britannica.com/place/Elizabeth-City | Elizabeth City | Elizabeth City
Elizabeth City, city, seat (1799) of Pasquotank county, northeastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies on the Pasquotank River (an embayment of Albemarle Sound) at the southern end of Dismal Swamp Canal on the Intracoastal Waterway. Settlers had established a presence on the river in the 1660s, and the area ... |
5a59ba5afb4e238b99f1e371a5de0667 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Elizabethton | Elizabethton | Elizabethton
Elizabethton, city, seat (1796) of Carter county, northeastern Tennessee, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Doe and Watauga rivers, in the southern Appalachian Mountains, about 105 miles (170 km) northeast of Knoxville and just east of Johnson City. Situated in the valley of the Watauga, it is one of ... |
9c9c118652b8d2998adb93a5753e4002 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Elk-City-Oklahoma | Elk City | Elk City
Elk City, city, Beckham county, western Oklahoma, U.S., on Elk Creek. Laid out in 1901, the town was first called Busch after the St. Louis brewing family. It is now the service centre for an agricultural, oil, and livestock area and has industries that include oil refining, gas recycling, cotton-gin equipmen... |
dc7147c19b5045e854781d5e89dad044 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Elkhart-Indiana | Elkhart | Elkhart
Elkhart, city, Elkhart county, northern Indiana, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the St. Joseph and Elkhart rivers, 15 miles (24 km) east of South Bend. Elkhart was laid out in 1832 at the junction of Indian trails and derives its name from an island at the confluence of the rivers that was known by the Pota... |
54d47f4ec124244a5731d34795929a03 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ellora-Caves | Ellora Caves | Ellora Caves
Ellora Caves, Ellora also spelled Elura, a series of 34 magnificent rock-cut temples in northwest-central Maharashtra state, western India. They are located near the village of Ellora, 19 miles (30 km) northwest of Aurangabad and 50 miles (80 km) southwest of the Ajanta Caves. Spread over a distance of 1.... |
3d4d0b3b9cc0ff67f84d21bd6cc2faeb | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ellsworth-Land | Ellsworth Land | Ellsworth Land
Ellsworth Land, formerly Ellsworth Highland, region in Antarctica at the base of the Antarctic Peninsula, between the Ronne Ice Shelf and the Bellingshausen Sea, east of Marie Byrd Land. It embraces several mountain ranges, including the Ellsworth Mountains, the tallest peak of which, Vinson Massif (16,... |
6d11aef30fb0b86b40c83fc435fc07fb | https://www.britannica.com/place/Elmhurst-Illinois | Elmhurst | Elmhurst
Elmhurst, city, DuPage county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It is a suburb of Chicago, lying 16 miles (26 km) west of downtown. Potawatomi Indians were early inhabitants of the area. Settled in 1836, it was originally called Cottage Hill for the Hill Cottage, an inn built in 1843 midway between Chicago and the... |
540016b530940169f552c63b84015036 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ely-cathedral | Ely cathedral | Ely cathedral
1534) at Ely cathedral—show an extraordinary mixture of sculpture and tracery work more reminiscent, as an expression of taste, of Germany or Spain.
…the foundations of the present cathedral were laid by the first Norman abbot of Ely, Simeon (1081–94). The cathedral dominates both the town of Ely and the ... |
425e8e449a1f9c813f1983d5ac16691a | https://www.britannica.com/place/Emain-Macha | Emain Macha | Emain Macha
…at the site known as Navan Fort, served as the centre of a kingdom of Ulster extending to the Rivers Shannon and Boyne in the west and south. Also associated with that period is an ancient frontier earthwork, Black Pig’s Dyke. Following the decline of Ulster in the 4th century,…
Its political centre was at... |
6eec0ed43334295b6f285d2905578187 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Emden-Germany | Emden | Emden
Emden, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies near the Ems River estuary and the North Sea coast of Ostfriesland (East Frisia). Founded about 800, it developed as a port for trade with the Baltic countries. It became the capital of the county of Ostfriesland in the 15th century and receiv... |
7efffe65dc21d1861c723c678adff5c9 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Empire-of-Japan/Japan-under-U-S-occupation | Japan under U.S. occupation | Japan under U.S. occupation
During the war, the policies that would govern the occupation of Japan had been the subject of sharp debate in Washington. Although some advocated doing away with the influence of prewar Japanese moderates altogether, in the end a great deal was left to the initiative of the supreme commande... |
d291ebd254f65d25d35c1f2ccf3702b9 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Empire-of-Japan/Social-and-economic-changes | Social and economic changes | Social and economic changes
The development of industry drove many social and intellectual changes. After the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the government utilized the Chinese indemnity to subsidize the development of the Yawata Iron and Steel Works, which were established in 1897 and began production in 1901. Yawata signific... |
629a32691c9f667d7fb4249b2b6143b0 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Encamp | Encamp | Encamp
Encamp, village, Andorra, on a headstream of the Valira River. Its agricultural economy is supplemented by tourism, especially skiing. Encamp has a broadcasting transmitter of Radio Andorra. Above the village is Engolasters Lake, accessible by cable car. There are facilities for generating hydroelectric power. ... |
9762b59d437de89f06e266e9c3026906 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Enewetak | Enewetak | Enewetak
Enewetak, also spelled Eniwetok, atoll, northwestern end of the Ralik chain, Republic of the Marshall Islands, in the western Pacific Ocean. Circular in shape (50 miles [80 km] in circumference), it comprises 40 islets around a lagoon 23 miles (37 km) in diameter. During World War II it was captured from the ... |
f0291978c1c26037a0f6d25761e238b4 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Enfield-Connecticut | Enfield | Enfield
Enfield, town (township), Hartford county, northern Connecticut, U.S., on the Connecticut River at the Massachusetts border. It includes the industrial subdivisions of Thompsonville and Hazardville. The area was settled by a group from Salem, Massachusetts, in 1680 and was named for Enfield, England. A surveyo... |
5523471c4a6e84150515f872a1ac24a8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/English-Channel/Economic-aspects | Economic aspects | Economic aspects
Connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, the respective waters of which are rich in warm- and cold-water plankton, the English Channel is favoured from the latter with cod, herring, and whiting and from the former with hake, pilchard, and mullet. The traditional fishing industry declined in the... |
0bdc046f8c1ff64d8e0ad264c1d1f344 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ennedi | Ennedi | Ennedi
Ennedi, plateau region, northeastern Chad, central Africa, centred around the town of Fada. The terrain is primarily arid desert, with sandstone peaks rising to 4,756 ft (1,450 m). Wild game is abundant. The region has a sparse population of semi-nomads, chiefly Muslims who speak the Dazaga dialect. They live ... |
85b372c5148e13d07210759a3ae719bb | https://www.britannica.com/place/Enniskillen | Enniskillen | Enniskillen
Enniskillen, also spelled Inniskilling, Irish Inis Ceithleann, town, Fermanagh and Omagh district, southwestern Northern Ireland. Situated on Cethlin’s Island, it was a strategic crossing point of Lough Erne and an ancient stronghold of the Maguires of Fermanagh. Incorporated by the English king James I, i... |
c09b4771eb09b07e32a60bc4173fdd8f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Envigado | Envigado | Envigado
Envigado, city, Antioquia departamento, northwestern Colombia. It is situated near the Porce River, between the Occidental and Central ranges of the Andes Mountains, at an elevation of 5,085 feet (1,550 m) above sea level. Formerly a commercial and manufacturing centre for a fertile agricultural and pastoral ... |
7472629672bcfc36b02ebfeb493ca012 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Eolie-Islands | Eolie Islands | Eolie Islands
Eolie Islands, Italian Isole Eolie, Latin Insulae Aeoliae, also called Aeolian Islands or Lipari Islands, volcanic island group in the Tyrrhenian Sea (of the Mediterranean) off the north coast of Sicily, Italy. The group, with a total land area of 34 square miles (88 square km), consists of seven major i... |
c174778a80ccbfe5f85a5aa827a0f11e | https://www.britannica.com/place/Eridu | Eridu | Eridu
Eridu, ancient Sumerian city south of modern Ur (Tall al-Muqayyar), Iraq. Eridu was revered as the oldest city in Sumer according to the king lists, and its patron god was Enki (Ea), “lord of the sweet waters that flow under the earth.” The site, located at a mound called Abū Shahrayn, was excavated principally ... |
c91b63ddcb8f1da70d4e7837f4ea1e7f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Erode | Erode | Erode
Erode, city, northern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It lies on the Kaveri (Cauvery) River, roughly equidistant from Salem (northeast) and Tiruppur (southwest).
Temple inscriptions indicate the prominent role played by the town as early as the 10th century ce. Its name is associated with a Chola temple (907–1... |
13c153708ef4cbbe7bb021c8513b4051 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Erzurum | Erzurum | Erzurum
Erzurum, city, eastern Turkey. It lies 6,400 feet (1,950 metres) above sea level in a fertile plain surrounded by high mountains. On a caravan route from Anatolia to Iran, Erzurum has been a major commercial and military centre since antiquity and is now a major rail station on the route between Ankara and Ira... |
2d1d08483fab286ea1eafd6198a6200b | https://www.britannica.com/place/Esbjerg | Esbjerg | Esbjerg
Esbjerg, city, southwestern Jutland, Denmark, opposite Fanø island on the North Sea. Founded in 1868, after the loss of North Slesvig (Schleswig) to Germany, to provide a new export outlet for Jutland’s agricultural produce, it grew rapidly after the harbour was completed in 1874 and was chartered in 1899. Esb... |
e5a0a363bd614905bf24a52d7e1e3659 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Escondido | Escondido | Escondido
Escondido, city, San Diego county, southern California, U.S. It is situated about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of San Diego and 18 miles (29 km) inland. The area was the site of Spanish exploration, and in 1843 it became part of the Rancho Rincón del Diablo land grant made to Juan Bautista Alvarado. The town w... |
6c3fb3092b87e8dc3804edb7a25e1ba8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Escravos-River | Escravos River | Escravos River
Escravos River, distributary of the Niger River in the western Niger delta, southern Nigeria. Its 35-mile (56-kilometre) westerly course traverses zones of mangrove swamps and coastal sand ridges before entering the Bight of Benin of the Gulf of Guinea. There are no ports on the river, but the Escravos... |
67cda3cd05a6dc1f020da5d6c52880b4 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Essex-Anglo-Saxon-kingdom-England | Essex | Essex
Essex, one of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England; i.e., that of the East Saxons. An area of early settlement, it probably originally included the territory of the modern county of Middlesex; London was its chief town. Archaeological discoveries suggest that many of the new settlers were continental Saxons. Esse... |
2fd788c3892201e1b429745c5a87db69 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Estes-Park | Estes Park | Estes Park
Estes Park, town, Larimer county, north-central Colorado, U.S. The original town site lies in a large natural meadow (locally called a park) surrounded by a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. It is situated in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation of 7,522 feet (2,293 metres), on the Big T... |
17b4f398f253c476efd5a73bd4fbb19a | https://www.britannica.com/place/Estonia/Independence-lost | Independence lost | Independence lost
The fate of Estonia was decided by the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of August 1939 between Nazi Germany and the U.S.S.R. On September 28 the Soviet government imposed on Estonia a treaty of mutual assistance that conceded to the Soviet Union several Estonian military bases, which were occupied for... |
53ed6cbcd11e609fcc53d22e5132c5b8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Estrela-Mountains | Estrela Mountains | Estrela Mountains
Estrela Mountains, Portuguese Serra da Estrela (“Star Mountain Range”), highest mountains in continental Portugal. The range lies in the north-central part of the country, between the basins of the Tagus and Mondego rivers. The western continuation of the Central Sierras (Sistema Central) of Spain, t... |
082e7f3291cf3de3b47e551612b3663e | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/Ethnic-groups-and-languages | Ethnic groups and languages | Ethnic groups and languages
Ethiopians are ethnically diverse, with the most important differences on the basis of linguistic categorization. Ethiopia is a mosaic of about 100 languages that can be classified into four groups. The vast majority of languages belong to the Semitic, Cushitic, or Omotic groups, all part of... |
405e5e0194b419ccb3e36fb02d588c2b | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/Religion | Religion of Ethiopia | Religion of Ethiopia
Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia in the 4th century, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (called Tewahdo in Ethiopia) is one of the oldest organized Christian bodies in the world. The church has long enjoyed a dominant role in the culture and politics of Ethiopia, having served as the official... |
5a92a220bf7ac2e97052795b1745c1b7 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/Socialist-Ethiopia-1974-91 | Socialist Ethiopia (1974–91) | Socialist Ethiopia (1974–91)
The Derg borrowed its ideology from competing Marxist parties, all of which arose from the student movement. One of them, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party (EPRP), believed so strongly in civilian rule that it undertook urban guerrilla war against the military rulers, and anarchy e... |
d89a6326cb1c1ad9aa97ce19d4d53ae5 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/The-Zagwe-and-Solomonic-dynasties | The Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties | The Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties
As Christian shipping disappeared from the Red Sea, Aksum’s towns lost their vitality. The Aksumite state turned southward, conquering adjacent grain-rich highlands. Monastic establishments moved even farther to the south; for example, a major church was founded near Lake Hayk in the 9... |
c46df10f6c79b1ff60f7e0f681fe73b5 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Europa-Peaks | Europa Peaks | Europa Peaks
…the south, with the glaciated Europa Peaks established as a national park. Valleys run north to south, but Leitariegos Pass is the only easily accessible pass into the neighbouring region of Castile-León. Annual precipitation is high, exceeding 40 inches (1,000 mm). The climate is oceanic, with relatively... |
411d73c9c8f1d9cd8e149542b5f72a85 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Europe/Animal-life | Animal life | Animal life
With animals as with plants, the earlier Pleistocene range and variety has been much reduced by the expansion of human settlement. Wild fauna has been long in retreat since Upper Paleolithic times (beginning about 40,000 years ago), when, as cave drawings portray, small human groups held their own against s... |
e0024e61ccba7668325b26313634606a | https://www.britannica.com/place/Europe/Climate | Climate of Europe | Climate of Europe
As Francis Bacon, the great English Renaissance man of letters, aptly observed, “Every wind has its weather.” It is air mass circulation that provides the main key to Europe’s climate, the more so since masses of Atlantic Ocean origin can pass freely through the lowlands, except in the case of the Cal... |
e12d78c7c015fcd805c7e1f04bdf0a48 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Evanston-Illinois | Evanston | Evanston
Evanston, city, Cook county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on Lake Michigan, 13 miles (21 km) north of downtown Chicago. Illinois and later Potawatomi Indians were early inhabitants of the area. French explorers passed through the area in the 17th century and called it Grosse Pointe. In a series of trea... |
47921c77ac327ec8f9cbe17c84b3bc69 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Evanston-Wyoming | Evanston | Evanston
Evanston, city, seat (1870) of Uinta county, southwest Wyoming, U.S., on the Bear River. Founded in 1869 by the Union Pacific Railroad, it was named for railroad surveyor James A. Evans. Like the city of Rock Springs, Evanston was one of the Wyoming cities that had a relatively high population of Chinese immi... |
203ba00a601543ee3d6bb608d491f825 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Evry | Évry | Évry
Évry, new town (French ville nouvelle), département of Essonne, Île-de-France région in north-central France. Évry is approximately 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Paris and is one of several new towns developed outside the capital since 1965. Évry is linked to Paris by highway and railway. The new town encompasses... |
beaec8d2ee113a85e95c812c039a8f8c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Exposition-Internationale-des-Arts-Decoratifs-et-Industriels-Modernes | Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes | Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes
…name was derived from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, held in Paris in 1925, where the style was first exhibited. Art Deco design represented modernism turned into fashion. Its products included both indivi... |
38e299e963b2ffed3544820056bec7c2 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Eyjafjallajokull-volcano | Eyjafjallajökull volcano | Eyjafjallajökull volcano
Eyjafjallajökull volcano, also called Eyjafjallajökull, Eyjafjalla volcano, Eyjafjöll, or Eyjafjalla Glacier volcano, subglacial volcano, southern Iceland, lying within the country’s East Volcanic Zone. Its name is derived from an Icelandic phrase meaning “the island’s mountain glacier,” and t... |
3c5b68783305d05bb121fbd307d1043b | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fagaras-Mountains | Făgăraş Mountains | Făgăraş Mountains
Făgăraş Mountains, Romanian Munƫii Făgăraş, mountain range, the highest section of the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathian Mountains), south-central Romania. Their steep northern face rises above 8,000 feet (2,450 m) and overlooks the Făgăraş Depression, through which flows the Olt River over a g... |
2ec15703fbe7245b9a460e60342259cb | https://www.britannica.com/place/Falcon-state-Venezuela | Falcón | Falcón
Falcón, estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. It is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea, west by the Gulf of Venezuela, northwest by Zulia state, and south by Lara and Yaracuy states. It includes the Paraguaná Peninsula.
The coastal region was first explored and mapped in 1499 by Juan de la Cosa and Ame... |
5ea941212485950bf180556c28f01326 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Faleme-River | Falémé River | Falémé River
Falémé River, river in western Africa, rising in the uplands of northern Guinea, east of the Fouta Djallon massif, and flowing roughly north-northeast to enter Mali. It then turns northwest to form the Mali–Senegal border for the rest of its course to the Sénégal River, except for a slight detour across ... |
fe9eda2c0fa353098b4c4c099d741e96 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Falkirk-council-area-Scotland | Falkirk | Falkirk
Falkirk, council area, east-central Scotland, encompassing a mostly low-lying area extending inland from the south bank of the River Forth estuary. It lies about midway between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Most of the council area lies within the historic county of Stirlingshire, but its eastern portion, around Bo’n... |
4559fb8e91b390ff0aefcbae2a132c8c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Falkland-Current | Falkland Current | Falkland Current
Falkland Current, branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Southern Hemisphere, flowing northward in the South Atlantic Ocean along the east coast of Argentina to about latitude 30° to 40° S, where it is deflected eastward after meeting the southward-flowing Brazil Current. Characterized by... |
880436e94a9764df5798b8f7cb4f33b0 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Faridabad | Faridabad | Faridabad
Faridabad, city, southeastern Haryana state, northwestern India. It lies just west of the Yamuna River and adjoins the Delhi national capital territory to the north.
Faridabad was founded in 1607 by Shaikh Farīd, treasurer for the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr, to protect the high road between Delhi and Agra. It w... |
1364aa7e31684645968b40d5dc43b1a4 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Farne-Islands | Farne Islands | Farne Islands
Farne Islands, group of islets and reefs lying 1.5 to 6 miles (2.5 to 10 km) off the North Sea coast of Great Britain in the unitary authority and historic county of Northumberland, England. The islands are composed of resistant dolerite (lava) rocks. The largest of these islands, House (Inner Farne), sp... |
521008e2676efe286922f90256943390 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fatima | Fátima | Fátima
Fátima, village and sanctuary, central Portugal. It is located on the tableland of Cova da Iria, 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Leiria.
Fátima was named for a 12th-century Moorish princess, and since 1917 it has been one of the greatest Marian shrines in the world, visited by thousands of pilgrims annually. On M... |
253cffc56a30ff64665bfda05de36bbf | https://www.britannica.com/place/Faya | Faya | Faya
Faya, formerly Largeau, oasis town located in northern Chad, north-central Africa. It lies in the Sahara at the northern tip of the Bodélé geographic depression, 490 miles (790 km) northeast of the capital, N’Djamena.
Originally called Faya, the town was renamed Largeau following the capture in 1913 of Borkou by ... |
27367bd3cdcefa96b19b48bdb3a39596 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fayetteville-Arkansas | Fayetteville | Fayetteville
Fayetteville, city, seat of Washington county, northwestern Arkansas, U.S., in the Ozarks on the White River, adjacent to Springdale (north). No settlement existed there when the site, on the Overland Mail Route, was chosen as the county seat in 1828. The community, first named Washington Court House, was... |
7bdaf72275f221d3dd8723ab4c16fd50 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Federation-of-Malaya | Federation of Malaya | Federation of Malaya
Malaya’s independence was delayed until 1957 by a communist campaign of terror, quelled by both a sophisticated antiguerrilla campaign and a serious effort to win what the British General Sir Gerald Templer called “the hearts and minds of the Malayan people.”
…Union and later from the Federation of... |
5819c94c6912f46b22f87118ada02bde | https://www.britannica.com/place/Feldkirch | Feldkirch | Feldkirch
Feldkirch, town, western Austria. It lies along the Ill River, near the Liechtenstein border, about 48 miles (77 km) east-southeast of Zürich, Switzerland. First mentioned as Veldkirichae (Veldkirichum) in 830, the settlement belonged to the counts of Montfort from 1190 until it was sold to Austria in 1375. ... |
0d3c749de9780fd9c0073cff740804b9 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fergus-Falls | Fergus Falls | Fergus Falls
Fergus Falls, city, seat (1872) of Otter Tail county, west-central Minnesota, U.S. It lies along the Otter Tail River in a lake area, about 115 miles (185 km) northwest of St. Cloud and about 25 miles (40 km) east of the Minnesota–North Dakota border. The city was claimed in 1857 by Joseph Whitford, named... |
07ded103f32c2220f45f2e6d09eca4eb | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fergusson-Island | Fergusson Island | Fergusson Island
Fergusson Island, largest of the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The island lies 30 miles (50 km) across Ward Hunt Strait from the southeastern tip of New Guinea, in the Solomon Sea. It is separated from Goodenough Island (northwest) by Moresby Strait and ... |
9715891966dbd1b7752be8a5057f8a4f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fermanagh-and-Omagh | Fermanagh and Omagh | Fermanagh and Omagh
Fermanagh and Omagh, district, southwestern Northern Ireland. It is bounded to the north and northwest by the Derry City and Strabane district, to the east by the Mid Ulster district, and to the southeast, south, and northwest by the republic of Ireland. Administrative offices for the Fermanagh and... |
adef5a366298c1371c1eb1861d0f6ebf | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fernandina-Beach | Fernandina Beach | Fernandina Beach
Fernandina Beach, city, seat (1824) of Nassau county, extreme northeastern Florida, U.S. It is situated on Amelia Island (one of the Sea Islands), just south of the Georgia border and near the mouth of the St. Marys River, about 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Jacksonville.
The site was occupied by Timu... |
3a6c7d309bb0bf104b3088de784affcc | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ferrol | Ferrol | Ferrol
Ferrol, Spanish El Ferrol, port city, A Coruña provincia (province), in the northern section of the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Galicia, in extreme northwestern Spain. It is located on the Ferrol Inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. Named for a farol (lighthouse) that marked the entrance to its harbour... |
f914feb46438d30e89fa2d4b0d40e384 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Firuzabad | Fīrūzābād | Fīrūzābād
Fīrūzābād, ancient Gūr, town situated about 55 miles (88 km) south of Shīrāz, in the Fars region of south-central Iran. The town is said to have been founded by the Sāsānian king Ardashīr I (ad 224–241) in commemoration of his victory over the Parthian king Artabanus. The Sāsānian town was circular in plan a... |
5fc50066eb71935a559c3938b8136311 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fitchburg | Fitchburg | Fitchburg
Fitchburg, city, Worcester county, north-central Massachusetts, U.S. It lies along the Mohawk Trail scenic highway and a branch of the Nashua River, just northwest of Leominster and about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Boston. The site was first settled in 1740; originally known as Turkey Hills, it was later ... |
eb94215da87f488be442932d4d3acf07 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Florence-Arizona | Florence | Florence
Florence, town, seat (1875) of Pinal county, central Arizona, U.S., 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Phoenix. It lies on the Gila River in a farming area (mainly cotton) that is irrigated by means of the Ashurst-Hayden Diversion Dam. One of the oldest white settlements in the state, Florence was founded in 1866 ... |
c162bac3b981fee03f1c776a1be5e93f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Florence-South-Carolina | Florence | Florence
Florence, city, seat (1889) of Florence county, northeastern South Carolina, U.S. Established in the 1850s as a rail junction and transfer point for the Wilmington and Manchester, the Northwestern, and the Cheraw and Darlington railroads, it was called Wilds for a judge in the town but later renamed (c. 1859)... |
b8c113e42f3682950154834d973ae262 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Florence/History | History of Florence | History of Florence
Florentia (“The Flourishing Town”) was founded in 59 bce as a colony for soldiers of the armies of Rome and was laid out as a rectangular garrison town (castrum) below the hilltop Etruscan town of Faesulae. Its streets formed a pattern of rectangular blocks, with a central forum, a temple to Mars, a... |
f241a4210fbc8e12503c4dfa109a227c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Flores-Indonesia | Flores | Flores
Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara) provinsi (province), Indonesia. The last major island in the chain, which extends eastward from Java, it is long and narrow, 5,500 square miles (14,250 square km) in area, and has numerous inlets and bays. The island’s name is d... |
eea5c59d558ffda381e444b517457f12 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Flores-Sea | Flores Sea | Flores Sea
Flores Sea, Bahasa Indonesia Laut Flores, portion of the western South Pacific Ocean, bounded on the north by the island of Celebes (Sulawesi) and on the south by the Lesser Sunda Islands of Flores and Sumbawa. Occupying a total surface area of 93,000 square miles (240,000 square km), it opens northwest thr... |
b0433f3ee2d8a53dba31983dcae86678 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Florida | Florida | Florida
Florida, constituent state of the United States of America. It was admitted as the 27th state in 1845. Florida is the most populous of the southeastern states and the second most populous Southern state after Texas. The capital is Tallahassee, located in the northwestern panhandle.
Geographic location has been... |
7000424d069cf9de76ae09f04d60dc37 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Florida-Southern-College | Florida Southern College | Florida Southern College
…the campus and buildings of Florida Southern College at Lakeland (1940–49) were begun, and the V.C. Morris Shop (1948) in San Francisco was executed. Among Wright’s many late designs, executed and unexecuted, two major works stand out: the Guggenheim Museum in New York City and the Marin Count... |
2a87302c12dead48fb950ecfca7ac78b | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fond-du-Lac | Fond du Lac | Fond du Lac
Fond du Lac, city, seat (1844) of Fond du Lac county, east-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the Fond du Lac River, at the southern end of Lake Winnebago, about 55 miles (90 km) northwest of Milwaukee. Ho-Chunk Nation (Winnebago) Indians were early inhabitants of the area. The city originated in 1785 as a... |
08e7571d8c56a26a5fea03797c110cb7 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fontevrault-lAbbaye | Fontevrault-l'Abbaye | Fontevrault-l'Abbaye
Fontevrault-l’Abbaye, also spelled Fontevraud, village near Saumur, Maine-et-Loire département, Pays de la Loire région, western France. It lies near the confluence of the Vienne and Loire rivers and is surrounded by fields and woods.
Fontevrault-l’Abbaye is the site of the great abbey of Notre-Da... |
f06e74eb90a12bafed942e81b9824229 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Benton | Fort Benton | Fort Benton
Fort Benton, city, seat (1865) of Chouteau county, north-central Montana, U.S., on the Missouri River. A well-known American Fur Company outpost, it was founded (1846) as Fort Lewis by Major Alexander Culbertson and was renamed in 1850 for Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri. As the head of steamboat ri... |
a356a710694649977e2481de803240c8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Collins | Fort Collins | Fort Collins
Fort Collins, city, seat (1868) of Larimer county, northern Colorado, U.S. It lies along the Cache la Poudre River (the state’s “Trout Route”), in the eastern foothills of the Front Range, at an elevation of 5,004 feet (1,525 metres), 55 miles (89 km) north of Denver. The community developed after 1864 ar... |
951342594339ba483dcfdc24a005a0fd | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Dodge | Fort Dodge | Fort Dodge
Fort Dodge, city, seat (1856) of Webster county, north-central Iowa, U.S. It is situated on both sides of the Des Moines River at its juncture with Lizard Creek, about 90 miles (145 km) northwest of Des Moines. It originated around Fort Clarke, which was established in 1850 to protect settlers from the Siou... |
7c7a2b40d007455237d92ece486c2891 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Jesus | Fort Jesus | Fort Jesus
It is the site of Fort Jesus, built by the Portuguese (1593–95) and now a museum. There are Anglican and Roman Catholic cathedrals. A Hindu temple built in 1952 has a gilded dome. Mombasa’s many historical and cultural attractions have made it a popular tourist destination.
…set about building their great Fo... |
6a8c98c72d2523fd7cd45bcd1834d237 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Kent | Fort Kent | Fort Kent
Fort Kent, town, Aroostook county, northern Maine, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the St. John and Fish rivers, 50 miles (80 km) north-northwest of Presque Isle, and includes the communities of Fort Kent and Fort Kent Mills. The town is a port of entry linked by international bridge to Clair, New Brunswic... |
a73a2f428e107786a5c70e8a04808c65 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Morgan-Colorado-United-States | Fort Morgan | Fort Morgan
Fort Morgan, city, seat (1889) of Morgan county, northeastern Colorado, U.S., on a low plateau overlooking the South Platte River, 70 miles (113 km) northeast of Denver at an elevation of 4,240 feet (1,292 metres). The site, on the Overland Trail, was originally occupied by a fort (established in 1864 and ... |
39b78c0b6a0d2d1ae11fb20063c3f30e | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Pulaski | Fort Pulaski | Fort Pulaski
…the need for coastal defense, Fort Pulaski (named for the U.S. colonial army officer Kazimierz Pulaski) was built (1829–47). Following its completion, the fort remained ungarrisoned until it was seized by Confederate troops in January 1861, just before the outbreak of the American Civil War. It was bombar... |
b8dcdf23fe3b3f288b45e91b15bed9f5 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Riley | Fort Riley | Fort Riley
Fort Riley, near Junction City, was established in 1853 and was also a military outpost. In the 20th century, it became an important infantry-training centre, the home of the famous 1st Infantry Division (“the Big Red One”). McConnell Air Force Base at Wichita is a…
|
310c827b229566525603a5c658ed5701 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Saint-Angelo | Fort Saint Angelo | Fort Saint Angelo
…fortifications remain, including the historic Fort St. Angelo (870; renovated and extended 1530). The Palace of the Inquisitors and most of the 16th-century auberges (lodges of the Hospitallers) also survive. Pop. (2007 est.) 2,657.
|
cf1401fd97f3b80c97da9edfc5dbdec7 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fort-Sumter | Fort Sumter | Fort Sumter
…1860, and the capture of Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, by Confederates (April 12–14, 1861) precipitated the American Civil War. The city was blockaded by Union land and sea forces from July 10, 1863, to February 18, 1865, the siege ending only when General William Tecumseh Sherman’s advance forced the... |
d252559cc5045b0285a5c482f37792d1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fouta | Fouta | Fouta
Fouta, also called Futa, or Fouta-toro, semidesert region flanking the middle course of the Sénégal River and lying north of the Ferlo region, in northern Senegal. The banks of the Sénégal River are well-watered and fertile in the Fouta region, yet the thin, sandy clay of the region’s interior plains is infertil... |
1247a49032d4c5c67c587c7b36f99ce8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Fra-Mauro | Fra Mauro | Fra Mauro
Fra Mauro, crater on the Moon that appears to be heavily eroded; it was named for a 15th-century Italian monk and mapmaker. About 80 km (50 miles) in diameter, Fra Mauro lies at about 6° S, 17° W, in the Nubium Basin (Mare Nubium) impact structure.
The name is also applied to the extensive surrounding region... |
c31cdca38f65871b9b309066ef446ff8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Framingham | Framingham | Framingham
Framingham, town (township), Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies along the Sudbury River, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boston. Settled in 1650, it was incorporated in 1700 and derived its name from Framlingham, Suffolk, England. Framingham Center, just north of the downtown area, was the... |
24da8ab70b821ccfe513b1b30d115057 | https://www.britannica.com/place/France/Institutions | Institutions of France | Institutions of France
The institutions of government underwent great changes under the Frankish monarchs. Kingship was the basic institution in the Merovingian realm. Since Clovis’s reign, the power of the king had extended not only over a tribe or tribes but also over a territory inhabited by Germans of divergent bac... |
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