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1e19f62d1bd16b1fa8bda7476685746e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Serbo-Turkish-War | Serbo-Turkish War | Serbo-Turkish War
Serbo-Turkish War, (1876–78), military conflict in which Serbia and Montenegro fought the Ottoman Turks in support of an uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina and, in the process, intensified the Balkan crisis that culminated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. By the settlement of that conflict Serbi... |
1b40de02d98986fccfcbb56d63c14e03 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Seventeen-Article-Constitution | Seventeen Article Constitution | Seventeen Article Constitution
Seventeen Article Constitution, in Japanese history, code of moral precepts for the ruling class, issued in 604 ce by the regent Shōtoku Taishi, which set the fundamental spirit and orientation for the subsequent Chinese-based centralized reforms. Written at a time of disunity, when Japa... |
8f8e1bcf9330af5a7e930dd5b55dd132 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Shaanxi-province-earthquake-of-1556 | Shaanxi province earthquake of 1556 | Shaanxi province earthquake of 1556
Shaanxi province earthquake of 1556, (Jan. 23, 1556), massive earthquake in Shaanxi province in northern China, believed to be the deadliest earthquake ever recorded.
The earthquake (estimated at magnitude 8) struck Shaanxi and neighbouring Shanxi province to the east early on Jan. ... |
01d25b2e51bc05820bfe3c39f693d89c | https://www.britannica.com/event/Shelton-v-Tucker | Shelton v. Tucker | Shelton v. Tucker
Shelton v. Tucker, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on December 12, 1960, ruled (5–4) that an Arkansas statute which required all public school educators to disclose every organization to which they were affiliated over a five-year period was unconstitutional. The court held that the broad requir... |
c74bea853e8f4c2f88dbfa29b78a4d96 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Shimabara-Rebellion | Shimabara Rebellion | Shimabara Rebellion
Shimabara Rebellion, (1637–38), uprising of Japanese Roman Catholics, the failure of which virtually ended the Christian movement in 17th-century Japan and furthered government determination to isolate Japan from foreign influences.
The revolt began as a result of dissatisfaction with the heavy ta... |
b925ab18a14890335dac49bd2a0e5b92 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Sichuan-earthquake-of-2008 | Sichuan earthquake of 2008 | Sichuan earthquake of 2008
Sichuan earthquake of 2008, also called Wenchuan earthquake or Great Wenchuan Earthquake, Chinese Wenchuan dizhen or Wenchuan Da Dizhen, massive and enormously devastating earthquake that occurred in the mountainous central region of Sichuan province in southwestern China on May 12, 2008. Th... |
94e2aa6086dc624999ace40ac5334d46 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Sicilian-Vespers | Sicilian Vespers | Sicilian Vespers
Sicilian Vespers, (1282) massacre of the French with which the Sicilians began their revolt against Charles I, Angevin king of Naples and Sicily; it precipitated a French-Aragonese struggle for possession of that kingdom. Its name derives from a riot that took place in a church outside Palermo at the ... |
5883b791c7f764861e609e21d60d84d9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Aornos | Siege of Aornos | Siege of Aornos
Siege of Aornos, (327 bc), conflict in which Alexander the Great seized a nearly impregnable natural stronghold blocking his route to India. Aornos is evidently modern Pīr Sarāi, a steep ridge a few miles west of the Indus and north of the Buner rivers in modern Pakistan. Unable to storm the rock, Alex... |
7217a84ff0af8da3509484bdb951896a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Busanjin | Siege of Busanjin | Siege of Busanjin
Siege of Busanjin, (24 May 1592). In Japan’s Age of Warring States, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had reunited Japan by 1591, but in 1592 he ordered an invasion of Ming China to be carried out through Korea. The Koreans resisted, and a fierce war began. Busan, Korea’s most important port, was the first gain by ... |
fc87e6cff84561dd14e7e653313b11a0 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Constantinople-1422 | Siege of Constantinople | Siege of Constantinople
…in 1421, the days of Constantinople and of Hellenism were numbered. In 1422 Murad revoked all the privileges accorded to the Byzantines by his father and laid siege to Constantinople. His armies invaded Greece and blockaded Thessalonica. The city was then a possession of Manuel II’s son Androni... |
aacb660bb6622f217717c60071b2ea3e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Corfu-1716 | Siege of Corfu | Siege of Corfu
Siege of Corfu, (19 July–20 August 1716). The Siege of Corfu was a key encounter in the Ottoman-Venetian War (1714–18), the last in a series of wars between the two Mediterranean powers that stretched back to the fifteenth century. The failure to take Corfu by the Ottoman forces was hailed as a great v... |
46a39fb45f3b3f842c5568a77ec724ab | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Edessa | Siege of Edessa | Siege of Edessa
Siege of Edessa, (28 November–24 December 1144). The fall of the crusader city of Edessa to the Muslims was the spark that ignited the Second Crusade. The victory entrenched Zengi as leader of the Muslims in the Holy Land, a mantle that would be taken up by his son Nur ad-Din and then by Saladin.
Afte... |
3f1ae0466c1ed895e76d4cd02f2de21b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Leningrad | Siege of Leningrad | Siege of Leningrad
Siege of Leningrad, also called 900-day siege, prolonged siege (September 8, 1941–January 27, 1944) of the city of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) in the Soviet Union by German and Finnish armed forces during World War II. The siege actually lasted 872 days.
After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in... |
488a1b5b06b1f107272479687c4ff7ef | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Toulon | Siege of Toulon | Siege of Toulon
Siege of Toulon, also known as the Fall of Toulon, (Aug. 28–Dec. 19, 1793), military engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars, in which the young artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte won his first military reputation by forcing the withdrawal of the Anglo-Spanish fleet, which was occupying the south... |
540196229fcb930acff21c4f9b6c05b2 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Vienna-1683 | Siege of Vienna | Siege of Vienna
Siege of Vienna, (July 17–September 12, 1683), expedition by the Ottomans against the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Leopold I that resulted in their defeat by a combined force led by John III Sobieski of Poland. The lifting of the siege marked the beginning of the end of Ottoman domination in eastern Eur... |
5661fe340f22b34a4ddb671f20b9dec3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Sino-French-War | Sino-French War | Sino-French War
Sino-French War, conflict between China and France in 1883–85 over Vietnam, which disclosed the inadequacy of China’s modernization efforts and aroused nationalistic sentiment in southern China.
The French had already begun to encroach on Vietnam, China’s major protectorate in the south, and by 1880 Fr... |
d2ed6b9cb66d693292a3c886e752cc5d | https://www.britannica.com/event/sit-in-movement | Sit-in movement | Sit-in movement
Sit-in movement, nonviolent movement of the U.S. civil rights era that began in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960. The sit-in, an act of civil disobedience, was a tactic that aroused sympathy for the demonstrators among moderates and uninvolved individuals. African Americans (later joined by white ac... |
f383501981412154753bd457088ca38a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Six-Day-War | Six-Day War | Six-Day War
Six-Day War, also called June War or Third Arab-Israeli War or Naksah, brief war that took place June 5–10, 1967, and was the third of the Arab-Israeli wars. Israel’s decisive victory included the capture of the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, Old City of Jerusalem, and Golan Heights; the status of... |
2e98a688fcc69125524c35c7d16b5599 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Sochi-2014-Olympic-Winter-Games | Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games | Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games
Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in Sochi, Russia, that took place February 7–23, 2014. The Sochi Games were the 22nd occurrence of the Olympic Winter Games.
The Sochi Games marked the first time that the Winter Olympics were held in Russia. The country had previo... |
f2a599b47acd91fb59856bf10cbc101a | https://www.britannica.com/event/South-Africa-Act | South Africa Act | South Africa Act
South Africa Act, act of 1909 that unified the British colonies of the Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange River (see Orange Free State) and thereby established the Union of South Africa. It was the work of white delegates (who represented white electorates, less than one-fifth of the population... |
08b3f2c1114c7342a910684530f41214 | https://www.britannica.com/event/South-Sea-Bubble | South Sea Bubble | South Sea Bubble
South Sea Bubble, the speculation mania that ruined many British investors in 1720. The bubble, or hoax, centred on the fortunes of the South Sea Company, founded in 1711 to trade (mainly in slaves) with Spanish America, on the assumption that the War of the Spanish Succession, then drawing to a close... |
638897a104b09ba80de8e5dee16c6bdc | https://www.britannica.com/event/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan | Soviet invasion of Afghanistan | Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, invasion of Afghanistan in late December 1979 by troops from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union intervened in support of the Afghan communist government in its conflict with anti-communist Muslim guerrillas during the Afghan War (1978–92) and remained in A... |
bcea658bdde19af8e01e55961b8b8aed | https://www.britannica.com/event/Spanish-Civil-War | Spanish Civil War | Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War, (1936–39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. The National... |
3e0bf9cce30175ca7257ba781742c934 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Spiegel-affair | Spiegel affair | Spiegel affair
Spiegel affair, in full Der Spiegel affair, scandal in 1962, involving the weekly newsmagazine Der Spiegel and the West German government, that erupted after the magazine published an article about the country’s defense forces, evoking a harsh response from the federal authorities—particularly from Defe... |
f9572ccf1969a1020be0ddf27e5fcd62 | https://www.britannica.com/event/St-Louis-1904-Olympic-Games | St. Louis 1904 Olympic Games | St. Louis 1904 Olympic Games
St. Louis 1904 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in St. Louis, Mo., U.S., that took place July 1–Nov. 23, 1904. The St. Louis Games were the third occurrence of the modern Olympic Games.
Like the 1900 Olympics in Paris, the 1904 Games took a secondary role. The Games originally were sc... |
4ba84920f782f045d7d2c56401f8b511 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Stamp-Act-Great-Britain-1765 | Stamp Act | Stamp Act
Stamp Act, (1765), in U.S. colonial history, first British parliamentary attempt to raise revenue through direct taxation of all colonial commercial and legal papers, newspapers, pamphlets, cards, almanacs, and dice. The devastating effect of Pontiac’s War (1763–64) on colonial frontier settlements added to ... |
730a80d173774cfacd161c6ce2800fb3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Stanford-Prison-Experiment | Stanford Prison Experiment | Stanford Prison Experiment
Stanford Prison Experiment, a social psychology study in which college students became prisoners or guards in a simulated prison environment. The experiment, funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, took place at Stanford University in August 1971. It was intended to measure the effect o... |
1fddaad9be3503a38b28abda2ee3894a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Statute-of-Westminster | Statute of Westminster | Statute of Westminster
Statute of Westminster, (1931), statute of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that effected the equality of Britain and the then dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, and Newfoundland.
The statute implemented decisions made at British imperial conferences in 1926 ... |
c53b57c706a53107230e50dc06fbb35e | https://www.britannica.com/event/stock-market-crash-of-1929 | Stock market crash of 1929 | Stock market crash of 1929
Stock market crash of 1929, also called the Great Crash, a sharp decline in U.S. stock market values in 1929 that contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Great Depression lasted approximately 10 years and affected both industrialized and nonindustrialized countries in many part... |
d797f5ad350ba57ed2488128a3de17a1 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Stone-Age | Stone Age | Stone Age
Stone Age, prehistoric cultural stage, or level of human development, characterized by the creation and use of stone tools. The Stone Age, whose origin coincides with the discovery of the oldest known stone tools, which have been dated to some 3.3 million years ago, is usually divided into three separate per... |
be9894691740439a2637a125358086f1 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Stone-Age/The-Americas | The Americas | The Americas
The prehistoric sequence in the so-called New World shares many essential developmental features with the Old World and provides a test for generalizations about cultural development based upon Old World materials. In the New World there is evidence for an early horizon of early food collectors, followed b... |
4ad4f95fcdcaa9524a21d9cc23cd0cb8 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Stono-rebellion | Stono rebellion | Stono rebellion
Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. Slaves gathered, raided a firearms shop, and headed south, killing more than 20 white people as they went. Other slaves joined the rebellion until the group reache... |
fabd2417316d3039850127d2c58e135a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Suez-Crisis | Suez Crisis | Suez Crisis
Suez Crisis, (1956), international crisis in the Middle East, precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal had been owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests.
The Suez Crisis was provoked b... |
1a5a0fb937481d6fc74226691196c9bc | https://www.britannica.com/event/Superstorm-Sandy | Superstorm Sandy | Superstorm Sandy
Superstorm Sandy, also called Hurricane Sandy or Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy, massive storm that brought significant wind and flooding damage to Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, The Bahamas, and the U.S. Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern states in late October 2012. Flash flooding generated b... |
11964590efa20b140ee404a36c34cf79 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Sydney-2000-Olympic-Games | Sydney 2000 Olympic Games | Sydney 2000 Olympic Games
Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Sydney that took place September 15–October 1, 2000. The Sydney Games were the 24th occurrence of the modern Olympic Games.
Sydney was narrowly chosen over Beijing as host city of the 2000 Olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC)... |
03b0490ba29069def0837c6a30a16886 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Synod-of-Diamper | Synod of Diamper | Synod of Diamper
Synod of Diamper, council that formally united the ancient Thomas Christians of the Malabar Coast of southwestern India with the Roman Catholic Church. It was convoked in 1599 by Aleixo de Meneses, archbishop of Goa. The synod renounced Nestorianism, the heresy that believed in two persons rather than... |
f946dfd8537d682ce4eeade2ba936d36 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Syrian-Civil-War | Syrian Civil War | Syrian Civil War
In March 2011 Syria’s government, led by Pres. Bashar al-Assad, faced an unprecedented challenge to its authority when pro-democracy protests erupted throughout the country. Protesters demanded an end to the authoritarian practices of the Assad regime, in place since Assad’s father, Ḥafiz al-Assad, bec... |
c21e5313cd6b7e4e38ad41a6d8e231dd | https://www.britannica.com/event/Taiping-Rebellion | Taiping Rebellion | Taiping Rebellion
Taiping Rebellion, radical political and religious upheaval that was probably the most important event in China in the 19th century. It lasted for some 14 years (1850–64), ravaged 17 provinces, took an estimated 20 million lives, and irrevocably altered the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12).
The rebellion ... |
c702fa468b187be1c9d32fb6faf334ca | https://www.britannica.com/event/Tangshan-earthquake-of-1976 | Tangshan earthquake of 1976 | Tangshan earthquake of 1976
Tangshan earthquake of 1976, also called Great Tangshan Earthquake, earthquake on July 28, 1976, with a magnitude of 7.5, which nearly razed the Chinese coal-mining and industrial city of Tangshan, located about 68 miles (110 km) east of Beijing. The death toll, thought to be one of the lar... |
cae7d91cfff1b3f121f95668a74ce3fd | https://www.britannica.com/event/Tanzimat | Tanzimat | Tanzimat
Tanzimat, (Turkish: “Reorganization”), series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz. These reforms, heavily influenced by European ideas, were intended to effectuate a fundamental change of the empire from the old system ... |
f43a3cf90584d3031520dd035dcef167 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Tehran-Conference | Tehrān Conference | Tehrān Conference
Tehrān Conference, (November 28–December 1, 1943), meeting between U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehrān during World War II. The chief discussion centred on the opening of a “second front” in western Europe. Stalin ... |
e45ef7819366f6a7880028afa6715fc0 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Texas-Tower-shooting-of-1966 | Texas Tower shooting of 1966 | Texas Tower shooting of 1966
Texas Tower shooting of 1966, also called University of Texas clock tower shooting, mass shooting in Austin, Texas, on August 1, 1966, in which Charles Whitman, a student and ex-Marine, fired down from the clock tower on the campus of the University of Texas, killing 14 people and wounding... |
1aff61b463e30a252502d6e6f5696c62 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Texas-v-White | Texas v. White | Texas v. White
Texas v. White, (1869), U.S. Supreme Court case in which it was held that the United States is “an indestructible union” from which no state can secede. In 1850 the state of Texas received $10,000,000 in federal government bonds in settlement of boundary claims. In 1861 the state seceded from the Union... |
bcfbab42bf4b2fa4f6eca735fe46663d | https://www.britannica.com/event/the-Blitz | The Blitz | The Blitz
The Blitz, (September 7, 1940–May 11, 1941), intense bombing campaign undertaken by Nazi Germany against the United Kingdom during World War II. For eight months the Luftwaffe dropped bombs on London and other strategic cities across Britain. The attacks were authorized by Germany’s chancellor, Adolf Hitler,... |
18a9fb1cd52522e721509e39cc67bf72 | https://www.britannica.com/event/The-Fronde | The Fronde | The Fronde
The Fronde, French La Fronde, series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653, during the minority of Louis XIV. The Fronde (the name for the “sling” of a children’s game played in the streets of Paris in defiance of civil authorities) was in part an attempt to check the growing power of royal governme... |
185ff829b4eb26b2b93d4add45a8c72a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Three-Kingdoms-ancient-kingdoms-China | Three Kingdoms | Three Kingdoms
Three Kingdoms, Chinese (Pinyin) Sanguo, or (Wade-Giles romanization) San-kuo, (ad 220–280), trio of warring Chinese states that followed the demise of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220)
In ad 25, after a brief period of disruption, the great Han empire had been reconstituted as the Dong (Eastern) Han. How... |
dca9ed6dccf5b35fd99a89f3c1cd3509 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Tiananmen-Square-incident | Tiananmen Square incident | Tiananmen Square incident
Tiananmen Square incident, also called June Fourth incident or 6/4, series of protests and demonstrations in China in the spring of 1989 that culminated on the night of June 3–4 with a government crackdown on the demonstrators in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. Although the demonstrations and th... |
0c4a6f46f8f2cb84504d0818e41af1b3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Toggenburg-Succession | Toggenburg Succession | Toggenburg Succession
Toggenburg Succession, in Swiss history, a long territorial dispute that gave rise to the Old Zürich War (1436–50) and the Second Villmergen War (1712). In the Middle Ages the counts of Toggenburg, as vassals of the German kings or Holy Roman emperors, held extensive possessions in what is now no... |
97f9818ab52d220b0977b2c0a7f5af02 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Tonghak-Uprising | Tonghak Uprising | Tonghak Uprising
Tonghak Uprising, (1894) Korean peasant rebellion that sparked the first Sino-Japanese War (1894–95). Despite being persecuted for it, impoverished peasants turned increasingly to Tonghak (“Eastern Learning”; see Ch’ŏndogyo), a syncretic, nationalistic religion that opposed Western culture and espouse... |
48cb461b10733a588046a59520b355cf | https://www.britannica.com/event/Trade-Disputes-Act-United-Kingdom-1906 | Trade Disputes Act | Trade Disputes Act
Trade Disputes Act, (1906), British legislation that provided trade unions with immunity from liability for damages arising from strike actions. The background to the statute was a series of adverse court decisions affecting the capacity of trade unions to strike, culminating in the Taff Vale judgm... |
38645a34c4ab28faadc5bc529b789956 | https://www.britannica.com/event/treaties-of-Brest-Litovsk | Treaties of Brest-Litovsk | Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
Treaties of Brest-Litovsk, peace treaties signed at Brest-Litovsk (now in Belarus) by the Central Powers with the Ukrainian Republic (Feb. 9, 1918) and with Soviet Russia (March 3, 1918), which concluded hostilities between those countries during World War I. Peace negotiations, which the Sov... |
9f16a2f7d3f441cbf50ea3a114d0fbe3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaties-of-Nijmegen | Treaties of Nijmegen | Treaties of Nijmegen
Treaties of Nijmegen, Nijmegen also spelled Nimwegen, peace treaties of 1678–79 that ended the Dutch War, in which France had opposed Spain and the Dutch Republic (now the Netherlands). France gained advantages by arranging terms with each of its enemies separately.
Although negotiations had begun... |
68e4f04bca11bc56a325b183af3dd15c | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Amritsar | Treaty of Amritsar | Treaty of Amritsar
Treaty of Amritsar, (April 25, 1809), pact concluded between Charles T. Metcalfe, representing the British East India Company, and Ranjit Singh, head of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab. The treaty settled Indo-Sikh relations for a generation. The immediate occasion was the French threat to northwestern I... |
c3723a7b141aa1beab842825f8b3a6ae | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Ankara | Treaty of Ankara | Treaty of Ankara
Treaty of Ankara, also called Franklin-Bouillon Agreement, (Oct. 20, 1921), pact between the government of France and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey at Ankara, signed by the French diplomat Henri Franklin-Bouillon and Yusuf Kemal Bey, the Turkish nationalist foreign minister. It formalized the ... |
3ff1831a10ef78afec2668c200e7184b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Campo-Formio | Treaty of Campo Formio | Treaty of Campo Formio
Treaty of Campo Formio, (Oct. 17, 1797), a peace settlement between France and Austria, signed at Campo Formio (now Campoformido, Italy), a village in Venezia Giulia southwest of Udine, following the defeat of Austria in Napoleon Bonaparte’s first Italian campaign.
The treaty preserved most of t... |
3d95ab099a8f124053c5c6fa5a43ceec | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Chaumont | Treaty of Chaumont | Treaty of Chaumont
Treaty of Chaumont, (1814) treaty signed by Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Britain binding them to defeat Napoleon. The British foreign secretary Viscount Castlereagh played a leading part in negotiating the treaty, by which the signatories undertook not to negotiate separately, and promised to conti... |
f7f834cd7ddcd0ad92e7d475496d83c3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Dover | Treaty of Dover | Treaty of Dover
Treaty of Dover, (1670), pact by which Charles II of England promised to support French policy in Europe in return for a French subsidy that would free him from financial dependence on Parliament.
There were actually two treaties of Dover in 1670: one, which was secret (and known to only two of Charles... |
fed6d5c1690f973def93f2a7c69d795a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Edirne | Treaty of Edirne | Treaty of Edirne
Treaty of Edirne, also called Treaty of Adrianople, (Sept. 14, 1829), pact concluding the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29, signed at Edirne (ancient Adrianople), Tur.; it strengthened the Russian position in eastern Europe and weakened that of the Ottoman Empire. The treaty foreshadowed the Ottoman Empir... |
ab351440a6ecb07b7c4d01aa988a3ed3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Greenville | Treaty of Greenville | Treaty of Greenville
Treaty of Greenville, also called Treaty of Fort Greenville, (August 3, 1795), settlement that concluded hostilities between the United States and an Indian confederation headed by Miami chief Little Turtle by which the Indians ceded most of the future state of Ohio and significant portions of wha... |
d26f173f1b522f111f163998eac72578 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Guadalupe-Hidalgo | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, (Feb. 2, 1848), treaty between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican War. It was signed at Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo, which is a northern neighbourhood of Mexico City. The treaty drew the boundary between the United States and Mexico at the Rio Gr... |
906590238c18b2604336ec135ceb3099 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Jassy | Treaty of Jassy | Treaty of Jassy
Treaty of Jassy, (Jan. 9, 1792), pact signed at Jassy in Moldavia (modern Iaşi, Romania), at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92; it confirmed Russian dominance in the Black Sea.
The Russian empress Catherine II the Great had entered the war envisioning a partition of the Ottoman Empire ... |
a18f1e0082a9784a5835af5f5443bd62 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Kucuk-Kaynarca | Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca | Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, Küçük Kaynarca also spelled Kuchuk Kainarji, (July 10 [July 21, New Style], 1774), pact signed at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74 at Küçük Kaynarca, in Bulgaria, ending undisputed Ottoman control of the Black Sea and providing a diplomatic basis fo... |
51cbefb0b2a0b1420d4b536ff71c1f47 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Nanjing | Treaty of Nanjing | Treaty of Nanjing
Treaty of Nanjing, (August 29, 1842) treaty that ended the first Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers. China paid the British an indemnity, ceded the territory of Hong Kong, and agreed to establish a “fair and reasonable” tariff. British merchants,... |
6915dbdd24e636e6206024e439dd1cbb | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Nerchinsk | Treaty of Nerchinsk | Treaty of Nerchinsk
Treaty of Nerchinsk, (1689), peace settlement between Russia and the Manchu Chinese empire that checked Russia’s eastward expansion by removing its outposts from the Amur River basin. By the treaty’s terms Russia lost easy access to the Sea of Okhotsk and Far Eastern markets but secured its claim t... |
26ee57c33e8a7a200d3c3604da1221dd | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-New-Echota | Treaty of New Echota | Treaty of New Echota
In December 1835 the Treaty of New Echota, signed by a small minority of the Cherokee, ceded to the United States all Cherokee land east of the Mississippi River for \$5 million. The overwhelming majority of tribal members repudiated the treaty and took their case to the U.S. Supreme…
The Treaty of... |
ed4856843220362786fddcebad5feefa | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Paris-1898 | Treaty of Paris | Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris, (1898), treaty concluding the Spanish-American War. It was signed by representatives of Spain and the United States in Paris on Dec. 10, 1898.
Armistice negotiations conducted in Washington, D.C., ended with the signing of a protocol on Aug. 12, 1898, which, besides ending hostilities,... |
b4db12274963248764863c36cdbc62ca | https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Trianon | Treaty of Trianon | Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon, (1920), treaty concluding World War I and signed by representatives of Hungary on one side and the Allied Powers on the other. It was signed on June 4, 1920, at the Trianon Palace at Versailles, France.
The Allies’ presentation of their terms for peace with Hungary was delayed firs... |
575b993ec43e908fedba2d85d563e31f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Tulip-Mania | Tulip Mania | Tulip Mania
Tulip Mania, also called Tulip Craze, Dutch Tulpenwindhandel, a speculative frenzy in 17th-century Holland over the sale of tulip bulbs. Tulips were introduced into Europe from Turkey shortly after 1550, and the delicately formed, vividly coloured flowers became a popular if costly item. The demand for dif... |
87009e48c897e4e4728a9aead40be7ff | https://www.britannica.com/event/Twenty-one-Demands | Twenty-one Demands | Twenty-one Demands
Twenty-one Demands, (Jan. 18, 1915), claims made by the Japanese government to special privileges in China during World War I. The major European powers, which already enjoyed similar privileges in China, could not oppose Japan’s move because of their involvement in the war. On May 7 Japan delivered... |
34a8b820c68eca4250e23b595d4832a2 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Ultraism | Ultraism | Ultraism
Ultraism, Spanish Ultraísmo, movement in Spanish and Spanish American poetry after World War I, characterized by a tendency to use free verse, complicated metrical innovations, and daring imagery and symbolism instead of traditional form and content. Influenced by the emphasis on form of the French Symbolists... |
08c4d47242b421985075984aec92db44 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1796 | United States presidential election of 1796 | United States presidential election of 1796
United States presidential election of 1796, American presidential election held in 1796, in which Federalist John Adams defeated Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson.
The election of 1796 marked the emergence of the political party system in the United States. In the prev... |
0f8ab01459bef3dd8a179c06359a0857 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1800 | United States presidential election of 1800 | United States presidential election of 1800
United States presidential election of 1800, American presidential election held in 1800 in which Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson was elected as the country’s third president.
The Framers had viewed political parties with suspicion, but by the 1790s party politics had... |
656105d91e2a25f5efe653f05be317fd | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1812 | United States presidential election of 1812 | United States presidential election of 1812
United States presidential election of 1812, American presidential election held in 1812, in which James Madison defeated DeWitt Clinton.
Madison had won a first term overwhelmingly in 1808, and his presidency was—and would continue to be—dominated by foreign affairs. In 181... |
aa3532de8b6a0bb8dc58b58dd282586c | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1816 | United States presidential election of 1816 | United States presidential election of 1816
United States presidential election of 1816, American presidential election held in 1816, in which Democratic-Republican James Monroe defeated Federalist Rufus King with 183 electoral votes to King’s 34.
As James Madison prepared to leave office following his second term as ... |
cc207dd1365af6ebc91e94d871557077 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1828 | United States presidential election of 1828 | United States presidential election of 1828
United States presidential election of 1828, American presidential election held in 1828, in which Democrat Andrew Jackson defeated National Republican John Quincy Adams .
The results of the 1828 U.S. presidential election are provided in the t... |
fe5a40086e06c1619c10a0b70621681b | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1832 | United States presidential election of 1832 | United States presidential election of 1832
United States presidential election of 1832, American presidential election held in 1832, in which Democratic incumbent Andrew Jackson defeated National Republican candidate Henry Clay with 219 electoral votes to Clay’s 49.
Though Jackson was still a popular leader as he app... |
70e91a4adc8d04ed48531901b74ba267 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1836 | United States presidential election of 1836 | United States presidential election of 1836
United States presidential election of 1836, American presidential election held in 1836, in which Democrat Martin Van Buren defeated several Whig Party candidates led by William Henry Harrison .
As Pres. Andrew Jacks... |
55b2781a96a3a5c4f3d134a557b2139f | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1848 | United States presidential election of 1848 | United States presidential election of 1848
United States presidential election of 1848, American presidential election held on Nov. 7, 1848, in which Whig candidate Zachary Taylor defeated Democratic nominee Lewis Cass .
The results of the 1848 U.S. presidential election... |
de1e2a7b1a231ce92acb834e519691de | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1872 | United States presidential election of 1872 | United States presidential election of 1872
United States presidential election of 1872, American presidential election held November 5, 1872, in which Republican incumbent Ulysses S. Grant defeated Liberal Republican and Democratic candidate Horace Greeley with 286 electoral votes. Though 66 electoral votes had been ... |
2d7d57a1e55be69605141b6fb5a13f98 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1876 | United States presidential election of 1876 | United States presidential election of 1876
United States presidential election of 1876, disputed American presidential election held on November 7, 1876, in which Republican Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. Tilden led Hayes by more than 260,000 popular votes, and preliminary returns showed Tild... |
09739c2ec0c5a60398edaf500bd0291a | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1892 | United States presidential election of 1892 | United States presidential election of 1892
United States presidential election of 1892, American presidential election, held on November 8, 1892, in which Democrat Grover Cleveland defeated Republican incumbent Benjamin Harrison . In winning, Cleveland became the first former president ... |
d3688bbe5625d2c4ed887cd08aa4de2e | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1896 | United States presidential election of 1896 | United States presidential election of 1896
United States presidential election of 1896, American presidential election held on November 3, 1896, in which Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat-Populist William Jennings Bryan.
The presidential campaign of 1896 was one of the most exciting in American history. T... |
0a73cdc5ca41c512d2ed7f59ad90e700 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1900 | United States presidential election of 1900 | United States presidential election of 1900
United States presidential election of 1900, American presidential election held on November 6, 1900, in which Republican incumbent Pres. William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan, winning 292 electoral votes to Bryan’s 155.
In March 1898, two years into Will... |
11bc5c15d070638f0d56d002320c9d74 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1912 | United States presidential election of 1912 | United States presidential election of 1912
United States presidential election of 1912, American presidential election held on November 5, 1912, in which Democrat Woodrow Wilson defeated Bull Moose (Progressive) candidate and former Republican president Theodore Roosevelt and Republican incumbent president William Ho... |
677c408402e1e89cb446975b8178c8e3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1932 | United States presidential election of 1932 | United States presidential election of 1932
United States presidential election of 1932, American presidential election held on Nov. 8, 1932, in which Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Pres. Herbert Hoover. The 1932 election was the first held during the Great Depression, and it represented a dramatic... |
fe9a35dd34638511465449fd319f2ab3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1940 | United States presidential election of 1940 | United States presidential election of 1940
United States presidential election of 1940, American presidential election held on Nov. 5, 1940, in which Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Wendell L. Willkie. By becoming the first president to win a third term, Roosevelt broke the two-term precedent estab... |
86374cb39f557c55ee279a305425992f | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1952 | United States presidential election of 1952 | United States presidential election of 1952
United States presidential election of 1952, American presidential election held on November 4, 1952, in which Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower easily defeated Democrat Adlai E. Stevenson.
Without an incumbent candidate in the White House, there was intense interest in who wo... |
870c69444e06a1c2d903358685dda1a8 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1960 | United States presidential election of 1960 | United States presidential election of 1960
United States presidential election of 1960, American presidential election held on November 8, 1960, in which Democrat John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican Vice Pres. Richard M. Nixon. Kennedy thus became the first Roman Catholic and the youngest person ever elected... |
106cfa5eb97670e9a7d4014fed27e40c | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1964 | United States presidential election of 1964 | United States presidential election of 1964
United States presidential election of 1964, American presidential election held on November 3, 1964, in which Democratic Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson defeated Republican Barry Goldwater in one of the largest landslides in U.S. history.
The 1964 election occurred just less than o... |
1bafe988f7d4086b0d623602f0c5da8d | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1968 | United States presidential election of 1968 | United States presidential election of 1968
United States presidential election of 1968, American presidential election held on November 5, 1968, in which Republican Richard M. Nixon defeated Democrat Hubert H. Humphrey.
The run-up to the 1968 election was transformed in 1967 when Minnesota’s Democratic senator, Eugen... |
b24639453f0d57ac8210525d157baa7a | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1976 | United States presidential election of 1976 | United States presidential election of 1976
United States presidential election of 1976, American presidential election held on Nov. 2, 1976, in which Democrat Jimmy Carter defeated Republican Pres. Gerald R. Ford.
The campaign was conducted in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal that forced Pres. Richard M. Nixon ... |
20b5cbc63a382ce498266caa1c7a8289 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1980 | United States presidential election of 1980 | United States presidential election of 1980
United States presidential election of 1980, American presidential election held on Nov. 4, 1980, in which Republican Ronald Reagan defeated incumbent Democratic Pres. Jimmy Carter.
A onetime movie star and president of the Screen Actor’s Guild (1947–1952), Reagan was origin... |
32867cda5c52ab8fa56379cedb80e5bb | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2004 | United States presidential election of 2004 | United States presidential election of 2004
United States presidential election of 2004, American presidential election held on Nov. 2, 2004, in which Republican George W. Bush was elected to a second term, defeating Democrat John Kerry, a U.S senator from Massachusetts.
In the primary campaign, Bush faced little oppo... |
253a8754b72912c7b298ef90df93e912 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2008 | United States Presidential Election of 2008 | United States Presidential Election of 2008
On November 4, 2008, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Illinois senator Barack Obama their 44th president. The result was historic, as Obama, a first-term U.S. senator, became, when he was inaugurated on January 20, 2009, the country’s first Afr... |
bd431b2e0811daf43be79443c9bf5b57 | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-Presidential-Election-of-2012 | United States Presidential Election of 2012 | United States Presidential Election of 2012
American voters went to the polls on November 6, 2012, to determine—for the 57th time—their country’s president for the next four years. Incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama’s reelection bid was, from the outset, expected to be closely contested as the United States fa... |
c1a6e45c7d67ed22c87087b6fbbec7cf | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2020 | United States presidential election of 2020 | United States presidential election of 2020
…that he would run for president in 2020, Biden announced his candidacy in April 2019, joining a crowded Democratic field.
…Bennet announced his candidacy for president in 2020. He stated that one of his reasons for running was to “restore integrity to the government.” Shortl... |
603b38ba57f2333fc7fa2e63c546f53a | https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-v-Thomas | United States v. Thomas | United States v. Thomas
United States v. Thomas, U.S. legal case that was one of the first prosecutions involving the distribution of “obscene” material in cyberspace. The case was notable because it extended the concepts of “community” and “community standards” beyond physical location and into the Internet and virtu... |
4df5aaba39ed844071c4856924431497 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Vicksburg-Campaign | Vicksburg Campaign | Vicksburg Campaign
Vicksburg Campaign, (1862–63), in the American Civil War, the campaign by Union forces to take the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi, which lay on the east bank of the Mississippi River, halfway between Memphis (north) and New Orleans (south). The capture of Vicksburg divided the Conf... |
a7643496b17435f20d27c264f5c80f29 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Victorian-era | Victorian era | Victorian era
Victorian era, in British history, the period between approximately 1820 and 1914, corresponding roughly but not exactly to the period of Queen Victoria’s reign (1837–1901) and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to vote, a growing state and economy, and Britain’s stat... |
f949f32ec104e6adbb8afe45b8939881 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War | Vietnam War | Vietnam War
Vietnam War, (1954–75), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. Called the “American War” in Vietnam (or, in full, the “War Against... |
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