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a8ffcd140da010cc0afac61b3238f292 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Anzac-Cove | Anzac Cove | Anzac Cove
…won a bridgehead at “Anzac Cove,” north of Kaba Tepe, on the Aegean side of the peninsula, with some 20,000 men landing in the first two days. The British, meanwhile, tried to land at five points around Cape Helles but established footholds only at three of them and then…
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9ada0c1aae6390165d8ac9faae3b7b43 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Anzio | Anzio | Anzio
Anzio, Latin Antium, town, Roma province, Lazio (Latium) region, Italy, located on a peninsula jutting into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The town is of uncertain origin; according to legend, it was founded by Anteias, son of the Greek chieftain Odysseus, and the enchantress Circe. It was a stronghold of the Volsci, an an... |
94c91076423ccb5c0c2b935bf6912eb0 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ao-ancient-city-China | Ao | Ao
…with the Shang capital of Ao. The Shang, who continually moved their capital, left Ao, perhaps in the 13th century bce. The site, nevertheless, remained occupied; Zhou (post-1050 bce) tombs have also been discovered. Traditionally it is held that in the Western Zhou period (1111–771 bce) it became the fief…
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a7b014db4c7ad8572e06bb83b01e5538 | https://www.britannica.com/place/AO-Smith-Research-Building | A.O. Smith Research Building | A.O. Smith Research Building
…glass curtain wall was the A.O. Smith Research Building (1928) in Milwaukee by Holabird and Root; in it the glass was held by aluminum frames, an early use of this metal in buildings. But these were rare examples, and it was not until the development of air conditioning, fluorescent lighti... |
c1d493516db08a346f94c4391e0e0e91 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aomori-Japan | Aomori | Aomori
Aomori, city and capital of Aomori ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan. It is located on Aomori Bay, near the northern limit of the Tōhoku region.
One of Japan’s most important transportation centres, Aomori is the terminus of the main northern Honshu rail lines—including the Tōhoku branch of the Shinkanse... |
3635d6642a0c04b4eee333a498f9096f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aouelloul-Crater | Aouelloul Crater | Aouelloul Crater
Aouelloul Crater, large crater located 28 mi (45 km) southwest of Chinguetti, Mauritania, and thought to be of meteoritic origin. Discovered by air in 1951, it is 833 ft (250 m) in diameter and 33 ft in depth. A large amount of fused silica glass has been found in the area, but only one small meteori... |
5637b161ac24d1e9afc7b9332e722d13 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aouk | Aouk | Aouk
…its right bank by the Aouk, Kéita, and Salamat rivers, parallel streams that mingle in an immense floodplain. The Salamat, which rises in Darfur in Sudan, in its middle course is fed by the waters of Lake Iro. The river then divides into numerous branches that spread into a delta…
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4a116e0a0628ca9d85f361acb37779e5 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apa-River | Apa River | Apa River
Apa River, Portuguese Rio Apa, river rising in the Amambaí Mountains in southwestern Brazil, forming the Brazil-Paraguay border. It flows for about 160 miles (260 km) in a northwesterly direction to join the Paraguay River at the city of Corumbá.
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035ef44efff40289e14fd3fda8e08e0f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apalachee-Bay | Apalachee Bay | Apalachee Bay
Apalachee Bay, arm of the Gulf of Mexico indenting the coast of northern Florida, U.S., 25 miles (40 km) south of Tallahassee. It receives the Ochlockonee, St. Marks, Econfina, and Aucilla rivers, and its marshy coast forms St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge. In 1528 five boats were built in the bay by P... |
1fc383426ea40f7ab2d1768e4a07054b | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apalachicola | Apalachicola | Apalachicola
Apalachicola, city, seat (1832) of Franklin county, northwestern Florida, U.S. It lies on Apalachicola Bay (bridged) at the mouth of the Apalachicola River, on the Intracoastal Waterway, about 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Tallahassee.
Founded about 1820 as West Point (renamed Apalachicola in 1831), the ... |
06e8027708354a0d1692607758b0a1f2 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apapa-Quay | Apapa Quay | Apapa Quay
…port of Lagos consists of Apapa Quay, on the mainland, which serves as the principal outlet for Nigeria’s exports. The creeks and lagoons are plied by small coastal craft. The city is the western terminus of the country’s road and railway networks, and the airport at Ikeja provides local and…
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82238a4bfd5be76b80173356aa46e98d | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ape-Cave | Ape Cave | Ape Cave
4 kilometres) is Ape Cave on the flank of Mount St. Helens in Washington. The cave is located on the side of the volcano opposite that involved in the catastrophic eruption of 1980 and so survived the outburst. Ape Cave is only one fragment of a series of…
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81b2f1ccfb5e11105c91893cff56b887 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apeldoorn | Apeldoorn | Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn, gemeente (municipality), east-central Netherlands. It lies east of the sandy and wooded Veluwe Hills, on the edge of the Soeren (Suren) Forest. Noted traditionally for its many gardens, paper mills, and laundries, Apeldoorn is a residential and industrial town that manufactures pharmaceuticals, ch... |
4be1af10088ba8336790d10ab52782c7 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apennine-Range/Climate | Climate | Climate
The climate of the highest section of the Apennines is continental (as found in the interior of Europe) but ameliorated by Mediterranean influences. Snowfalls are frequent, with cold winters and hot summers (average July temperature 75°–95° F [24°–35° C]). Average rainfall—at between 40 and 80 inches (1,000 and... |
36e33cbdab4d0adb8da9f95194a4de82 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aphrodisias | Aphrodisias | Aphrodisias
Aphrodisias, ancient city of the Caria region of southwestern Asia Minor (Anatolia, or modern Turkey), situated on a plateau south of the Maeander River (modern Büyük Menderes). Remains of an Ionic temple of Aphrodite and of a stadium and portions of a bathhouse have long been evident, but, beginning in 19... |
10fd397e1bad931e3bbbc56d841216aa | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aplahoue-plateau | Aplahoué plateau | Aplahoué plateau
…the environs of Abomey, Kétou, Aplahoué (or Parahoué), and Zagnanado. The plateaus consist of clays on a crystalline base. The Abomey, Aplahoué, and Zagnanado plateaus are from 300 to 750 feet high, and the Kétou plateau is up to 500 feet in height.
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caafb1cd9527674a246c8d5ed66866d3 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apollonia-ancient-city-North-Africa | Apollonia | Apollonia
Apollonia, the port of Cyrene, became a city in its own right; Euhesperides was refounded as Berenice, and a new city, Ptolemais (Ṭulmaythah), was founded, while Barce declined; the term Pentapolis came to be used for the five cities Apollonia, Cyrene, Ptolemais, Taucheira, and Berenice.…
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2cc4dae2b55c203e8217f5015da8aaf3 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Appalachian-Geosyncline | Appalachian Geosyncline | Appalachian Geosyncline
Appalachian Geosyncline, Great downbuckle in the Earth’s crust in the region of the present Appalachian Mountains. It was in the Appalachians that James Hall first worked out the geosynclinal theory of mountain building (see geosyncline).
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cfdc289c3f855318aab411eead03441e | https://www.britannica.com/place/Appalachian-Orogenic-Belt | Appalachian orogenic belt | Appalachian orogenic belt
Appalachian orogenic belt, an old mountain range that extends for more than 3,000 km (1,860 miles) along the eastern margin of North America from Alabama in the southern United States to Newfoundland, Canada, in the north. The geosynclinal theory of mountain building was first worked out in t... |
07df7c1e295f5c74c2d5d0e739cc33f8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Appenzell-canton-Switzerland | Appenzell | Appenzell
Appenzell, canton, northeastern Switzerland, consisting of two autonomous half cantons. Appenzell is entirely surrounded by present-day Sankt Gallen canton. It was first mentioned by name in 1071 as Abbatis Cella, in reference to its rulers, the abbots (later prince abbots) of Sankt Gallen. As early as 1377... |
9e5907dfebb139498b73542e0b776e37 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Appleton | Appleton | Appleton
Appleton, city, Outagamie, Winnebago, and Calumet counties, seat (1852) of Outagamie county, east-central Wisconsin, U.S. The city lies along the Fox River just north of Lake Winnebago, about 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Green Bay. Menominee, Fox, and Ho-Chunk Nation (Winnebago) Indians originally inhabited ... |
5f7304df8cc48a6524c6536f906f5129 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apra-Harbor | Apra Harbor | Apra Harbor
Apra Harbor, also called Port Apra, port on the west coast of Guam, one of the Mariana Islands, northern Pacific Ocean. It is the best anchorage on the island and is located just west of Hagåtña (Agana). It is the port of entry and site of a U.S. naval base. The Apra Harbor complex includes a naval station... |
e5f0929f6417f6411212b99c1c2c96eb | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apuan-Alps | Apuan Alps | Apuan Alps
…include, to the west, the Apuane Alps, which are famous for their marbles; farther south, the Metallifere Mountains (more than 3,380 feet [1,030 metres]), abundant in minerals; then various extinct volcanoes occupied by crater lakes, such as that of Bolsena; then cavernous mountains, such as Lepini and Circ... |
325ef738265bd4d1473c3be0d7e95bfb | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apure-River | Apure River | Apure River
Apure River, Spanish Río Apure, river in western Venezuela. The major navigable tributary of the Orinoco River, it arises in the Cordillera de Mérida and flows for 510 miles (820 km) northeast and east through the heart of the Llanos (plains), Venezuela’s most important cattle-raising area. The river’s pri... |
60400e617b8c33e3307a3f945b7d4e9c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Apurimac-River | Apurímac River | Apurímac River
Apurímac River, Spanish Río Apurímac, river in southern Peru. Owing to its lengthy Andean tributaries, it is the farthermost source of the Amazon River. Arising at roughly 17,000 feet (5,200 m) from the snowmelts of Mount Mismi in Arequipa departamento, Peru, it flows northwest through the Andes, desce... |
e15cf95aae519e85ecaad7d802f3820e | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aqueduct-Bridge | Aqueduct Bridge | Aqueduct Bridge
…Reservoir as well as the Aqueduct Bridge, which was built on 15 stone arches and crossed the Harlem River. In 1846 Jervis served as the consulting engineer for the Boston water-supply system.
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0bf72bf648a663344031bde2b6f56667 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aquitaine-Basin | Aquitaine Basin | Aquitaine Basin
The Loire countryside links with the Aquitaine Basin of southwestern France through the gap known as the Gate of Poitou. The Aquitaine Basin is much smaller than the Paris Basin, and, while it is bounded in the south by the Pyrenees, in the…
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16bef9476300ac2be30061190a0d567d | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ara-India | Ara | Ara
Ara, also spelled Arrah, city, western Bihar state, northeastern India. It is situated on a tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River, about 30 miles (50 km) west of Patna.
The city is a major rail and road junction. Agricultural trade and oilseed milling are carried on there. It is the site of several colleges affili... |
fd177b61b18df7686492e6ed01802129 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ara-Metua | Ara Metua | Ara Metua
A second, inner road, Ara Metua, said to have been built by an ancient Polynesian chief, passes alongside the ring road near the town and, like Ara Tapu, also reaches most of the island’s periphery. Rarotonga Airport, located about 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Avarua, is the entry…
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7722fab8b2b753558790a596942dbd5b | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arab-Sarai | ʿArab Sarāʾī | ʿArab Sarāʾī
…in the gateway to the ʿArab Sarāʾī (guesthouse at Humāyūn’s tomb), Delhi (1560–61), the Ajmer fort (1564–73), the Lahore fort with its outstanding decoration (1586–1618), and the Allahabad fort (1583–84), now largely dismantled.
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f456f22c849d2a566a4dbcbe1b961299 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-Felix | Arabia Felix | Arabia Felix
Arabia Felix, (Latin: “Happy, or Flourishing, Arabia”) in ancient geography, the comparatively fertile region in southwestern and southern Arabia (in present-day Asir and Yemen), a region that contrasted with Arabia Deserta in barren central and northern Arabia and with Arabia Petraea (“Stony Arabia”) in ... |
7d805fd638b77b49d76ce84a742bfa44 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-Oy | Arabia Oy | Arabia Oy
and Gustavsberg in Sweden and Arabia Oy in Finland achieved a growing reputation for excellent design in the modern idiom. The emphasis on form in present-day pottery is to a great extent due to the import of Chinese wares of the Song dynasty (see below China: Song dynasty) during the…
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e649f5b25d802eb0fda06ef32569d729 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/Climate | Climate | Climate
The Tropic of Cancer virtually bisects the Arabian Peninsula, passing just south of Medina. The summer heat is intense everywhere, reaching as high as 129 °F (54 °C) in places. Much of the interior is dry, but along the coasts and in some of the southern highlands and deserts the humidity is extreme in the summ... |
492b26f19f595e9c1217df8c4f32e6ce | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/Economy | Economy | Economy
The mineral resource of greatest value is oil. The Arabian Peninsula has the largest oil reserves in the world. With the exception of deposits in Yemen, the Arabian oil fields lie in the same great sedimentary basin as the fields of Iran and Iraq. Although oil was discovered in Iran in 1908, the first field on ... |
bf44f6013abb5c716aab85ad55ebd02a | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/Land | Land | Land
Arabia may be described as a vast plateau, edged with deeply dissected escarpments on three sides and sloping gently northeastward from the Red Sea to the eastern lowlands adjoining the Persian Gulf. The peninsula’s highest peak, Al-Nabī Shuʿayb, at 12,008 feet (3,660 metres), is located approximately 20 miles nor... |
1fbfa91124bff72f0c58ba3194a6c217 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabian-Desert/Geology | Geology | Geology
The Arabian Desert consists of two major regions. The first, the ancient Arabian platform (a segment of the African Shield), is in the west. It is composed mainly of Precambrian gneiss (dated to between 2.6 billion and roughly 541 million years ago) and was assembled roughly 900 to 541 million years ago. The se... |
f0f5323b50241d521721e621801878ab | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabian-Platform | Arabian Platform | Arabian Platform
Southeastern Turkey between Gaziantep and the Tigris (Dicle) River rests on a stable massif called the Arabian platform. It is characterized by relatively gentle relief, with broad plateau surfaces descending to the south from about 2,500 feet (760 metres) at the mountain foot…
… (or East Siberian), In... |
f1b997084c30660959831f67a7546a4c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arad-Bahrain | ʿArād | ʿArād
…the village and fort of ʿArād; the fort was built by the Omanis during the brief (1799–1809) occupation of the country by the sultanate of Muscat and Oman. Pop. (2001) 91,307.
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4bb2913fb9aa02eafeb4c1f7e86e6350 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arad-county-Romania | Arad | Arad
Arad, judeƫ (county), western Romania, bounded on the west by Hungary. The Mureş and Crişul Alb rivers flow westward through the county, while the Western Carpathians, including the Zărand and Codru-Moma ranges, lie in the eastern portion. Settlements are found in the lowlands and intermontane valleys. Cereal gro... |
03cc7f9bfbe958219e171d8fbd37b7fa | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arafura-Shelf | Arafura Shelf | Arafura Shelf
…are the shallow 360,000-square-mile (930,000-square-km Arafura Shelf, covered by the Arafura Sea and Gulf of Carpentaria; the Sahul Shelf (120,000 square miles [310,800 square km]) under the Timor Sea; and the Rowley Shelf (120,000 square miles [310,800 square km]) underlying a part of the northwest Indi... |
3339fbf2c07bd023873d8084eafcac6a | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aragua | Aragua | Aragua
Aragua, estado (state), northern Venezuela. It is bounded to the north by the Caribbean Sea, to the east by the Distrito Federal and Miranda state, to the south by Guárico state, and to the west by Carabobo state.
Aragua consists largely of two Andean ranges separated by an intermontane basin, in which lies Lak... |
e33763ee3965086b9496fa90b4d46547 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arakan | Arakan | Arakan
Arakan, coastal geographic region in southern Myanmar (Burma). It comprises a long, narrow strip of land along the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal and stretches from the Nāf estuary on the border of the Chittagong Hills area (in Bangladesh) in the north to the Gwa River in the south. The Arakan region is ab... |
8aa86dab1d69e11cb8b4c5769c224d23 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aral-Sea | Aral Sea | Aral Sea
Aral Sea, Kazakh Aral Tengizi, Uzbek Orol Dengizi, a once-large saltwater lake of Central Asia. It straddles the boundary between Kazakhstan to the north and Uzbekistan to the south.
The shallow Aral Sea was once the world’s fourth largest body of inland water. The remnants of it nestle in the climatically in... |
d3daf039c7b173e02055f8b9325f206a | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aramis-anthropological-and-archaeological-site-Ethiopia | Aramis | Aramis
Aramis, site of paleoanthropological excavations in the Awash River valley in the Afar region of Ethiopia, best known for its 4.4-million-year-old fossils of Ardipithecus ramidus found in 1992 and named in 1994.
Ardipithecus is one of the earliest well-documented examples that resembles what would be expected i... |
af8c224bcad79de392c591e03e08fef2 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arao | Arao | Arao
Arao, city, northwestern Kumamoto ken (prefecture), west-central Kyushu, Japan. It faces Ariake Bay, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Kumamoto city.
Arao was a poor village until the opening of the Miike coal mine and the arrival of a major railway in the early 20th century. A military munitions factory was es... |
89bfee205591873ef15baa37a35b8ca2 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ararat-Plain | Ararat Plain | Ararat Plain
…the southwest, a large depression—the Ararat Plain—lies at the foot of Mount Aragats and the Geghama Range; the Aras River cuts this important plain into halves, the northern half lying in Armenia and the southern in Turkey and Iran.
…also are found in the Ararat Plain, the Shirak Steppe, and the southern... |
4a3ba8974576fc3d7075594c5b5647c1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ararat-Victoria | Ararat | Ararat
Ararat, city, southwestern Victoria, Australia, on the northern flanks of the Pyrenees Range, near the Hopkins River. The community and a nearby peak (2,020 feet [616 metres] high) were named in 1840 by a sheep farmer who likened his settling there to the legendary resting of Noah’s Ark on Mount Ararat in Turke... |
7dba5bf85a8673e0276e9e6d930c3915 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Aratta | Aratta | Aratta
…subjugation of a rival city, Aratta, it is now believed that two separate epics tell this tale. One is called Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta. The longest Sumerian epic yet discovered, it is the source of important information about the history and culture of the Sumero-Iranian border area. According…
…the anci... |
9a0e2e7b7da8de56abe65e12827db90c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arawa | Arawa | Arawa
Arawa, town, southeast coast of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. Arawa is a planned suburban town on flatland near Arawa Bay. It was built to house the employees of Bougainville Copper Ltd., a mining company established in the late 1960s to run an open-pit mine at nearby Panguna. After Papua New Guinea gai... |
5f9e0b731980660d39ac6a0f3e01b5a1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arbroath | Arbroath | Arbroath
Arbroath, royal burgh (town), North Sea fishing port, and holiday resort, Angus council area and historic county, Scotland. Arbroath Abbey, once the richest in Scotland, was founded in 1178 by King William I (the Lion) of Scotland, who is buried there. The Declaration of Arbroath, asserting the independence o... |
75cf793cda4a6eba6d20a7f4162ba663 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arch-of-Titus | Arch of Titus | Arch of Titus
(The Arch of Titus [81], still standing at the entrance to the Roman Forum, commemorated his victory.)
…Jerusalem by erecting the triumphal Arch of Titus.
…the menorah displayed on the Arch of Titus is no longer thought to be the Temple candelabra. Although the menorah disappeared and the Talmud forbade i... |
243f13717372fea0f20499b790e08fba | https://www.britannica.com/place/Archaeological-Museum-of-Istanbul | Archaeological Museum of Istanbul | Archaeological Museum of Istanbul
Hamdi Bey founded the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul and became its director in 1881. His taste and energy did much to establish the reputation of the museum and its impressive collection of Greco-Roman antiquities. Included among the treasures that he secured for the museum are the... |
e8edea949baf6dcad2dc0c32121baee0 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Archangel-Cathedral | Archangel Cathedral | Archangel Cathedral
Michael the Archangel, was rebuilt in 1505–08; in it are buried the princes of Moscow and the tsars of Russia (except Boris Godunov) up to the founding of St. Petersburg.
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25b04da7535fd2ebe6128ee089a173d5 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Archivo-General-del-Reino | Archivo General del Reino | Archivo General del Reino
This citadel is now the Archivo General del Reino, to which the national archives of Spain were removed by order of Philip II in 1563. It houses important private as well as state documents. Simancas is an agricultural trade centre, and poultry is raised there. Pop. (2007 est.) mun., 4,873.
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7bbc95436d9b67c300108193c6c4fcc9 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arcot | Arcot | Arcot
Arcot, town, northeastern Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India, on the Palar River. It is located at the point where the Palar River valley meets the Coromandel Coast region and commands the inland route from Chennai (Madras) to Bengaluru (Bangalore), between the Mysore Ghat and the Javadi Hills.
A fortified cap... |
aca4b97376ec9434c663684edba32239 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic-Archipelago | Arctic Archipelago | Arctic Archipelago
Arctic Archipelago, Group of Canadian islands, Arctic Ocean. They lie north of the Canadian mainland and have an area of about 550,000 sq mi (1,424,500 sq km). The southeastern islands are an extension of the Canadian Shield; the balance consists of the Arctic lowlands to the south and the Innuitian... |
5f228e629e00b8b01887d5e552e8ef4c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic-foothills | Arctic foothills | Arctic foothills
…the Brooks Range and the Arctic foothills, which extend the Rocky Mountains in an east-west arc from the border with Canada across northern Alaska. Central Alaska is characterized by highlands and basins drained by the great Yukon and Kuskokwim river systems. That area has been likened by some to a…
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6d323a8f1432d37652a8cad25f1108f0 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic-National-Wildlife-Refuge | Arctic National Wildlife Refuge | Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, vast natural area occupying the northeastern corner of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was established in 1960 as Arctic National Wildlife Range with an area of approximately 13,900 square miles (36,000 square km) and was expanded and renamed Arctic Nationa... |
a48adae50953817104e87cbb22561dfd | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic-Red-River | Arctic Red River | Arctic Red River
Where the Arctic Red River enters from the south, the Mackenzie again flows between steep rock walls, which rise up to 200 feet (60 metres) directly from the water.
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0465b10ce815a88186a0426542b23388 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/Animal-life | Animal life | Animal life
Animal life in the Arctic, compared with that of warmer parts, is poor in the number of species but often rich in individual numbers. This is generally considered to be the result of at least two factors: the comparative novelty of polar glacial climates, allowing only a limited time for adaptation since th... |
cfff595e1ab96feeff0c76691bb167f1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/Climate | Climate | Climate
The climates of polar lands vary greatly depending on their latitude, proximity of the sea, elevation, and topography; even so, they all share certain “polar” characteristics. Owing to the high latitudes, solar energy is limited to the summer months. Although it may be considerable, its effectiveness in raising... |
15a289b2be12282736fcd8b7732b1778 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/Greenland | Greenland | Greenland
Erik the Red founded a small Norse colony on Greenland in ad 986, although the Norse and the Thule people seem not to have interacted until the 13th century. The Norse colony was abandoned in the early 15th century, a time when a general climatic cooling trend probably made subsistence farming unsustainable t... |
cc483b96a4495ba50db1d7b5d9762bcb | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/Political-and-environmental-issues | Political and environmental issues | Political and environmental issues
The eight countries claiming Arctic territory—Russia, Canada, the United States, Denmark (Greenland), Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland—have different systems of central administration and therefore administer their northlands in different ways. All of them, it may be noted, are te... |
5ec5fa713267c2482550d28bd12c4f16 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/Study-and-exploration | Study and exploration | Study and exploration
The earliest references to Arctic exploration are shrouded in obscurity as a result both of inaccurate ideas of the shape of the Earth and of primitive navigation techniques, which make it difficult to interpret early maps and accounts of voyages. Probably the first to approach the Arctic regions ... |
58b5777834c16c3b6bdb042dc31fd208 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/The-Arctic-Ocean | The Arctic Ocean | The Arctic Ocean
It is a comment on the unimportance of the North Pole as an incentive to exploration that hardly any of the real exploration of the Arctic Ocean can be credited to the pole seekers. The great exception is Nansen, whose work in the Fram stood alone until the 1930s; but, although Nansen made a bid to rea... |
200e2464c396f1cca677edcde955dc86 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/The-people | The people | The people
The Arctic, or circumpolar, peoples are the indigenous inhabitants of the northernmost regions of the world. For the most part, they live beyond the climatic limits of agriculture, drawing a subsistence from hunting, trapping, and fishing or from pastoralism. Thus climatic gradients, rather than simple latit... |
6e7153bef3b8d43a3df7f53a07a0da0f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/The-Russian-Arctic | The Russian Arctic | The Russian Arctic
Between 1821 and 1824 Fyodor Petrovich Litke of the Russian navy made four voyages to Novaya Zemlya, surveying the west coast and improving the mapping of Matochkin Shar Strait and the White Sea coast, and in 1832–35 Pyotr Kuzmich Pakhtusov surveyed much of the east coast of Novaya Zemlya. In 1880 th... |
84d94653feb7c612e9ffc68cc5509a71 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic/Traditional-culture | Traditional culture | Traditional culture
With the exception of the Pacific coast, the Eurasian Arctic and subarctic correspond fairly precisely with the distribution of the reindeer. More than any other factor, the reindeer and its domestication lend some cultural unity to the region as a whole, as well as distinguish the region from the N... |
29260103948b671bb6251a0e118cb72c | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arda-River | Arda River | Arda River
Arda River, Greek Árdhas, river in Bulgaria, rising in the central Rhodope Mountains near the town of Smolyan and following a 180-mile (290-kilometre) course eastward past Kŭrdzhali and Ivaylovgrad to enter the Maritsa just west of Edirne, Tur., after a 23-mile (37-kilometre) course in Greece. The Bulgarian... |
84d3573a65c78b6048741548b39c2bc4 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ardeche-River | Ardèche River | Ardèche River
Although the tributaries—notably the Ardèche—rushing down into the Rhône from the Massif Central are formidable when in flood, the great Alpine rivers—the Isère and the Durance, joining the left bank—are the most important in their effect on riverbed deposits and on the volume of water. Below Mondragon th... |
09c02c67eff3ee76d9652f7a1d051996 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ardmore-Oklahoma | Ardmore | Ardmore
Ardmore, city, seat (1907) of Carter county, southern Oklahoma, U.S., north of the Red River, near Lake Texoma and the Texas state line. Founded in 1887 in Chickasaw Indian Territory after the arrival of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, the town was named for the Philadelphia suburb that was the hom... |
4ad43320a5ccb0f9408b3e46520646b1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arecibo | Arecibo | Arecibo
Arecibo, town, northern Puerto Rico. It lies on a small inlet near the mouth of the Arecibo River. One of the oldest municipalities in the commonwealth, it was authorized in 1537 by the Spanish crown and settled in 1556. In 1616 it was chartered as a town and in 1778 received the royal title villa. An official... |
9dce31fc268a490fed682c0786d9ebc9 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arena-Stage | Arena Stage | Arena Stage
Pioneering theatres such as the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., and the Alley Theatre in Houston, Texas, provided forums not only for a wide repertoire of world theatre but also for new playwrights and directors. As Broadway continued its decline, the regional theatres continued to grow in importance; “sch... |
fc2961b86da8b8a41d9fe13c2ef5c83f | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arenacum | Arenacum | Arenacum
…of the Roman settlement of Arenacum, it was first mentioned in 893. Chartered and fortified in 1233 by Otto II, count of Geldern, it joined the Hanseatic League in 1443. As the residence of the dukes of Geldern, it was often attacked by their Burgundian rivals and in 1543 fell…
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a349d2bd33508459fba74daffc04b013 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arendal | Arendal | Arendal
Arendal, town and port, southern Norway. Its excellent harbour is on Tromøy Sound, a protected sound sheltered by the offshore island of Tromøy. A port since the 14th century, Arendal had the largest fleet in Norway before the steamship era. From the 16th century it prospered from timber exports. Some timber i... |
c4fa9e6d727481901e75955d6df287e7 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arfersiorfik-Fjord | Arfersiorfik Fjord | Arfersiorfik Fjord
Arfersiorfik Fjord, fjord in western Greenland, extending east from Davis Strait to the inland icecap. It is 95 miles (152 km) long with a maximum width of 15 miles (24 km). Its arms receive several glaciers, including the Nordenskiölds. Niaqornaarsuk, a settlement on the northern shore near the fj... |
5faa10e08cc4abbd8e69ab212340cc0d | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arg-e-Bam | Arg-e Bam | Arg-e Bam
…of the ancient citadel (arg) Arg-e Bam, once one of the world’s largest mud-brick complexes. Located on a hilltop, the citadel consisted of a series of three concentric walls made of mud brick and palm timbers, the outer wall of which enclosed the old city. Bam’s highest point, the citadel…
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5b18ded00d82a33b32e6203d2b74af4d | https://www.britannica.com/place/Argenta | Argenta | Argenta
Argenta, town, Emilia-Romagna region, northeastern Italy, on the Fiume (river) Reno, southeast of Ferrara city. It has some fine medieval and Renaissance buildings, including the churches of S. Domenico and S. Francesco, and a notable picture gallery. The town was flooded by the German forces during World War ... |
b91b06d5119f992b1feb20750c47a6f1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Argenteuil | Argenteuil | Argenteuil
Argenteuil, town, Val-d’Oise département, Île-de-France région, northern France. It lies along the north bank of the Seine River, northwest of Paris.
The town’s name comes from silver (argent) deposits exploited there by the Gauls. Argenteuil grew up around a convent that was founded there in the 7th centur... |
1b5b8e2ba6364c69a0f8f54ee6e873d3 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Argentia | Argentia | Argentia
Argentia, former unincorporated community, southeastern Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is situated along the west coast of the Avalon Peninsula just to the north of the town of Placentia (into which Argentia was administratively incorporated in 1994) and overlooks Placentia Bay.
It was fo... |
c83b7b598c2b8deaf896f55c60d59ed3 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arges | Argeș | Argeș
Argeș, județ (county), southern Romania. The Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathians) and the sub-Carpathians rise above the settlement areas that are found in intermontane valleys. The county is drained eastward by the Argeș, Cotmeana, and Teleorman rivers. It was formerly included in feudal Walachia. Agricult... |
09eb9a1861725bc22563a70d2fbc4c3d | https://www.britannica.com/place/Argolis | Argolís | Argolís
Argolís, perifereiakí enótita (regional unit), periféreia (region) of Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos), southern Greece. It is a narrow, mountainous peninsula projecting eastward into the Aegean Sea between the Saronikós Gulf (to the northeast) and the Gulf of Argolís (Argolikós Kólpos; to the southwes... |
3eb779ae37fab86ec0f9cd955d885c91 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Argos | Árgos | Árgos
Árgos, city, seat of the dímos (municipality) of Argos-Mykínes in the northeastern portion of the periféreia (region) of Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos), Greece. It lies just north of the head of the Gulf of Argolís (Argolikós Kólpos).
The name Árgos apparently signified an agricultural plain and was ap... |
5927d507dd7a6117c2a24c576021c5e0 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Argun-River | Argun River | Argun River
Argun River, Chinese (Pinyin) Ergun He or (Wade-Giles romanization) O-erh-ku-na Ho, river rising in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, on the western slope of the Greater Khingan Range, where it is known as the Hailar River. Its length is 1,007 miles (1,620 km), of which about 600 miles (965 km... |
452f3b64ec1419f64f0e0cad4eb8a929 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arkansas-Post | Arkansas Post | Arkansas Post
Arkansas Post, historic village site, Arkansas county, southeastern Arkansas, U.S., on the Arkansas River, near its confluence with the Mississippi River. A fort, the first permanent European settlement in the lower Mississippi valley, was built there in 1686 by Henri de Tonty, a lieutenant of French exp... |
5164d0045c909370ea242e6550e18e78 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arlberg-mountain-pass-Austria | Arlberg | Arlberg
Arlberg, mountain pass and tunnel, at the northern end of the Rhaetian Alps, in western Austria. The pass (at 5,882 feet [1,793 m]) forms a divide between the Danube and Rhine river systems. The region is a noted winter sports area, and the Arlberg technique in skiing was perfected there by Hannes Schneider, w... |
d14854bdd2d1b339ea2618c2dc66055a | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arlington-Massachusetts | Arlington | Arlington
Arlington, town (township), Middlesex county, east-central Massachusetts, U.S. It is a northwestern suburb of Boston. Settled in 1635 as part of Cambridge, it was known as Menotomy (from an Algonquian word meaning “swift waters”) until separately incorporated as West Cambridge in 1807. It was renamed for Geo... |
4bf0fd41b4eeb611a74096ac90c1dcd4 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arlington-National-Cemetery | Arlington National Cemetery | Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington National Cemetery, U.S. national burial ground in Arlington county, Virginia, on the Potomac River directly opposite Washington, D.C. Located on the antebellum plantation of George Washington Parke Custis, the adopted son of George Washington, the first president of the United Sta... |
a81ef9cb1089fc353c2faecb001340f0 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Armagh-former-county-Northern-Ireland | Armagh | Armagh
Armagh, former (until 1973) county, Northern Ireland. It was bounded by Lake Neagh (north), former County Tyrone (northwest), former County Down (east), and by the Republic of Ireland (south and west).
In late prehistoric times and at the dawn of history, Armagh was an important populated area in Ulster. At the... |
58f84eb73e95cd2db38896003d72dfa9 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Armenia | Armenia | Armenia
Armenia, country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey. Naxçıvan, an ex... |
ee45a7273f5700da64a9d4622407dba1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arnhem | Arnhem | Arnhem
Arnhem, German Arnheim, gemeente (municipality), eastern Netherlands, on the north bank of the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) River. Possibly the site of the Roman settlement of Arenacum, it was first mentioned in 893. Chartered and fortified in 1233 by Otto II, count of Geldern, it joined the Hanseatic League in 144... |
e138513472e54ad752cb6432b30a87f1 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arta | Árta | Árta
Árta, city and dímos (municipality), Epirus (Modern Greek: Ípeiros) periféreia (region), western Greece. It is situated on the left bank of the Árachthos River north of the Gulf of Árta. The modern city stands on the site of Ambracia, an ancient Corinthian colony and the capital (from 294 bce) of Pyrrhus, king of... |
7fd8c1db9212bd753c9bf2cf0dfb4f13 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Artemisa | Artemisa | Artemisa
Artemisa, city, western Cuba, situated east of the Sierra del Rosario.
Artemisa is a key commercial and processing centre of the region. Sugarcane, tobacco, and pineapples and other fruits are its major agricultural products. Liquor and soap are made in the city, and sugar refineries are nearby. Artemisa lies... |
aea169de2e6bdefaa0264f0cb3cfc6d8 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Arthur-Illinois | Arthur | Arthur
Arthur, village, Douglas and Moultrie counties, east-central Illinois, U.S. It lies about 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Champaign. Founded in 1873 as a railroad switching point, it was originally called Glasgow but was soon renamed for a brother of Robert Hervey, president of the Paris and Decatur Railroad. Mem... |
f8cffc65bcaef772509384e0119da901 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Asheboro | Asheboro | Asheboro
Asheboro, city, seat (1796) of Randolph county, central North Carolina, U.S. It lies in the forested Uwharrie Mountains about 25 miles (40 km) south of Greensboro. Asheboro (originally Asheborough) was founded in 1796 on land that was once the home of Keyauwee Indians; a prehistoric Native American burial gro... |
feb1281a277afc99efa2e7861f34f4ed | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ashford-England | Ashford | Ashford
Ashford, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Kent, southeastern England. It was established in 1974 from the former urban district of Ashford, rural districts of East and West Ashford, and the metropolitan borough and rural district of Tenterden.
The old town of Ashford was grant... |
cbc5fdb85756aed0f7f77b37e5097c17 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ashland-Kentucky | Ashland | Ashland
Ashland, city, Boyd county, northeastern Kentucky, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River just below the mouth of the Big Sandy River. The city of Ashland forms a tristate industrial complex with Ironton, Ohio, and Huntington, West Virginia.
Settled in 1815 as Poage’s Settlement, it was renamed (1854) in honour of ... |
010e1d692d9600657ea82a275d8765bc | https://www.britannica.com/place/Ashland-Wisconsin | Ashland | Ashland
Ashland, city, seat (1860) of Ashland county, extreme northern Wisconsin, U.S. It is a port on Chequamegon Bay of Lake Superior, about 60 miles (100 km) southeast of the city of Superior. Several different Native American tribes lived in the area, notably the Ojibwa. About 1659, French fur traders arrived, and... |
c7c238755f72e0654f5b7d3c250a36a7 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Asia-ancient-Roman-province | Asia | Asia
Asia, ancient Roman province, the first and westernmost Roman province in Asia Minor, stretching at its greatest extent from the Aegean coast in the west to a point beyond Philomelium (modern Akşehır) in the east and from the Sea of Marmara in the north to the strait between Rhodes and the mainland in the south. ... |
d0f9494973486fbf6aa8d509835667ab | https://www.britannica.com/place/Asia/The-regions-of-Asia | The regions of Asia | The regions of Asia
It is common practice in geographic literature to divide Asia into large regions, each grouping together a number of countries. Those physiographic divisions usually consist of North Asia, including the bulk of Siberia and the northeastern edges of the continent; East Asia, including the continental... |
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