id
stringlengths
32
32
url
stringlengths
31
1.58k
title
stringlengths
0
1.02k
contents
stringlengths
92
1.17M
c03256b5a9cc54ce79b78c957fc00e7d
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Makridi-Bey
Theodore Makridi Bey
Theodore Makridi Bey …cooperation with the Turkish archaeologist Theodore Makridi Bey until 1912, revealing the remains of a city whose temples, palaces, fortifications, and gateways left little doubt that this was the site of a mighty capital. From his findings, Winckler was able to draw a preliminary outline of the h...
173c09e8d47ddd0bc5410868de565458
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Newton-Vail
Theodore Newton Vail
Theodore Newton Vail Theodore Newton Vail, (born July 16, 1845, Minerva, Ohio, U.S.—died April 16, 1920, Baltimore, Maryland), American executive who twice headed the Bell Telephone Company at critical times and played a major role in establishing telephone services in the United States. After a highly successful care...
83dd71a6238e75e5e7db719e5139cc18
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Parker
Theodore Parker
Theodore Parker Theodore Parker, (born August 24, 1810, Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S.—died May 10, 1860, Florence, Italy), American Unitarian theologian, pastor, scholar, and social reformer who was active in the antislavery movement. Theologically, he repudiated much traditional Christian dogma, putting in its plac...
0207dee4f1a6c4daebabff6a02ea1d0a
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Thomas
Theodore Thomas
Theodore Thomas Theodore Thomas, in full Theodore Christian Friedrich Thomas, (born October 11, 1835, Esens, East Friesland, Prussia [Germany]—died January 4, 1905, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.), German-born American conductor who was largely responsible for the role of symphony orchestras in many American cities. A violi...
8c64f45a5ab2362f6ac995304d7a3c0f
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-William-Richards
Theodore William Richards
Theodore William Richards Theodore William Richards, (born Jan. 31, 1868, Germantown, Pa., U.S.—died April 2, 1928, Cambridge, Mass.), American chemist whose accurate determination of the atomic weights of approximately 25 elements indicated the existence of isotopes and earned him the 1914 Nobel Prize for Chemistry....
efd547251d4a9ebc56bb11f50ca862ab
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodoret-of-Cyrrhus
Theodoret Of Cyrrhus
Theodoret Of Cyrrhus Theodoret Of Cyrrhus, (born c. 393, Antioch, Syria—died c. 458, /466), Syrian theologian-bishop, representative of Antioch’s historico-critical school of biblical-theological interpretation, whose writings were a moderating influence on the 5th-century Christological disputes and contributed to th...
12fb64009208d6d7184c44dcf8d3a644
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodoric-I-king-of-Reims
Theodoric I
Theodoric I Theodoric I, (born before 484—died late 533), Merovingian king of Reims from 511. Theodoric was the eldest son of Clovis I, but born of an unknown woman, unlike the other sons, whose mother was Clotilda. An able soldier, he played an important part in his father’s campaigns against the Visigoths. On Clovis...
f2f02841dbc618e1d65c78cb99b05613
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodoric-IV
Theodoric IV
Theodoric IV Theodoric IV, (born after 711—died 737), penultimate ruler of the Merovingian dynasty, the son of Dagobert III; he was king of the Franks from 721. A puppet who was controlled by Charles Martel, the grandfather of Charlemagne, Theodoric was totally ignored by chroniclers of the day.
79ecb90bc542d27439161aa1cdaaf382
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodoros-Pangalos
Theodoros Pangalos
Theodoros Pangalos Theodoros Pangalos, (born Jan. 11, 1878, Salamís, Greece—died Feb. 26, 1952, Athens), soldier and statesman who for eight months in 1926 was dictator of Greece. After service in World War I and the unsuccessful Greek campaign in western Turkey (1921–22), Pangalos was appointed minister of war short...
813c3056eb6ad901bfc4801165192cdd
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodosius-I
Theodosius I
Theodosius I Theodosius I, byname Theodosius the Great, in full Flavius Theodosius, (born January 11, 347 ce, Cauca, Gallaecia [now Coca, Spain]—died January 17, 395, Mediolanum [now Milan, Italy]), Roman emperor of the East (379–392) and then sole emperor of both East and West (392–395), who, in vigorous suppression ...
4626937169e97742e5f37f853285e84b
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodosius-II
Theodosius II
Theodosius II Theodosius II, (born April 10, 401, Constantinople [now Istanbul, Tur.]—died July 28, 450), Eastern Roman emperor from 408 to 450. He was a gentle, scholarly, easily dominated man who allowed his government to be run by a succession of relatives and ministers. The son of the Eastern emperor Arcadius (re...
c760ab1f83860990fad267f54d736bfb
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodule-Armand-Ribot
Théodule-Armand Ribot
Théodule-Armand Ribot Théodule-Armand Ribot, (born Dec. 18, 1839, Guingamp, Fr.—died Dec. 9, 1916, Paris), French psychologist whose endeavour to account for memory loss as a symptom of progressive brain disease, iterated in his Les Maladies de la mémoire (1881; Diseases of Memory), constitutes the most influential e...
9fe681076019a406789f7ffec477ed20
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theognis
Theognis
Theognis Theognis, (flourished 6th century bc, Megara [Greece]), ancient Greek elegiac poet whose work preserved a glimpse into Greek society in a time of turmoil. More than half of all surviving elegiac poetry in ancient Greek was transmitted under his name, preserved in a collection of elegiac couplets in two books...
1a45f88dbb415ccca199f9fdf9172599
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theophile-de-Viau
Théophile de Viau
Théophile de Viau Théophile de Viau, Viau also spelled Viaud, (born 1590, Clairac, near Agen, France—died Sept. 25, 1626, Paris), French poet and dramatist of the pre-Neoclassical period. Born into a Huguenot family of the minor nobility, Viau went to Paris, where he soon won a reputation as the leader of the freeth...
8d2a1c2fc9bda887872bfed673922230
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theophilus-Shepstone
Sir Theophilus Shepstone
Sir Theophilus Shepstone Sir Theophilus Shepstone, (born Jan. 8, 1817, Westbury-on-Trym, Gloucestershire, Eng.—died June 23, 1893, Pietermaritzburg, Natal [now in South Africa]), British official in Southern Africa who devised a system of administering Africans on which all later European field administrations in Af...
79894a57285cb4e4c2ac5713a3fd0732
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theophraste-Renaudot
Théophraste Renaudot
Théophraste Renaudot Théophraste Renaudot, (born 1586?, Loudun, France—died Oct. 25, 1653, Paris), physician and social-service administrator who, as the founder of France’s first newspaper, is considered the father of French journalism. In 1612 Renaudot traveled to Paris, where he became a protégé of Armand (later ...
bc37457abbf9135080a8c3ec6e6bb434
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theudis
Theudis
Theudis Theudis, (died June 548), the first Visigothic king of Spain (531–548), in the sense that he was the first to reside there permanently. An Ostrogoth, he had been sent to Spain with an army by Theodoric the Great. There he acquired great possessions in the valley of the Ebro by marriage with a Roman lady. Theod...
1fc7aa9b7d3e0cdd6d1e1679f065a47b
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thibaut-I
Thibaut I
Thibaut I …of count was assumed by Thibaut I the Old, or the Cheat (d. c. 977), who founded the hereditary house of Blois. He enlarged his domain until it extended from the Indre River to the Eure. …hands until about 940, when Theobald I (the Old) seized control of it and founded a line of counts of Blois. His successo...
8d6bab68ceeb4954c872b96dff696156
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thibaut-III
Thibaut III
Thibaut III At a tournament held by Thibaut III of Champagne, several prominent French nobles took the cross. Among them was Geoffrey of Villehardouin, author of one of the principal accounts of the Crusade; other important nobles joined later, and contact was made with Venice to provide transport.
265a2105d1cc3ff99b1fb85780e2a0e0
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Ades
Thomas Adès
Thomas Adès Thomas Adès, in full Thomas Joseph Edmund Adès, (born March 1, 1971, London, England), British composer, pianist, and conductor whose diverse compositional oeuvre, ranging from solo pieces to operas, established him as one of the most-skilled classical music artists of his generation. Trained as a pianist ...
f79de6ebc23d49ef4a8a542241505b90
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Andrew-Dorsey
Thomas Andrew Dorsey
Thomas Andrew Dorsey Thomas Andrew Dorsey, (born July 1, 1899, Villa Rica, Ga., U.S.—died Jan. 23, 1993, Chicago, Ill.), American songwriter, singer, and pianist whose many up-tempo blues arrangements of gospel music hymns earned him the title of “Father of Gospel Music.” Dorsey was the son of a revivalist preacher. ...
7a706e6b929df375892a590a4e83e778
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Anthony-Dooley
Thomas Anthony Dooley
Thomas Anthony Dooley Thomas Anthony Dooley, (born Jan. 17, 1927, St. Louis, Mo.—died Jan. 18, 1961, New York City), “jungle doctor” whose lectures and books recounted his efforts to supply medical aid to peoples of less developed countries, mainly in Southeast Asia. A graduate of St. Louis University medical school ...
fa26dc4018831cdb5101c788b817b2fc
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Arne
Thomas Arne
Thomas Arne Thomas Arne, in full Thomas Augustine Arne, (born March 12, 1710, London, Eng.—died March 5, 1778, London), English composer, chiefly of dramatic music and song. According to tradition, Arne was the son of an upholsterer in King Street, Covent Garden. Educated at Eton, he was intended for the law, but by ...
d61c6779454df7aa54b72e9107c434af
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Attwood
Thomas Attwood
Thomas Attwood Thomas Attwood, (born Oct. 6, 1783, Halesowen, Worcestershire, Eng.—died March 6, 1856, Great Malvern, Worcestershire), English economist and leader in the electoral reform movement. Attwood entered his father’s banking firm in Birmingham, Eng., in 1800. After his election, in 1811, as high bailiff of...
7a4db7870dbd82693b3bbaecb536fbf1
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Augustus-Watson
Thomas Augustus Watson
Thomas Augustus Watson Thomas Augustus Watson, (born January 18, 1854, Salem, Massachusetts, U.S.—died December 13, 1934, Passagrille Key, Florida), American telephone pioneer and shipbuilder, one of the original organizers of the Bell Telephone Company, who later turned to shipbuilding and constructed a number of ves...
37fb4e582cfb01beeaefc3cfa1385dc1
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Bangalter
Thomas Bangalter
Thomas Bangalter The two members were Thomas Bangalter (b. January 3, 1975, Suresnes, France) and Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo (b. February 8, 1974, Neuilly-sur-Seine).
9675f1fae6ac5640a047065d6fd9d664
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Berger
Thomas Berger
Thomas Berger Thomas Berger, in full Thomas Louis Berger, (born July 20, 1924, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.—died July 13, 2014, Nyack, New York), American novelist whose darkly comic fiction probes and satirizes the American experience. Berger graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1948. His first novel, Crazy in B...
ee3d751b6282b8254af87f04908f367b
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Blackburn
Thomas Blackburn
Thomas Blackburn Thomas Blackburn, (born Feb. 10, 1916, Hensingham, Cumberland, Eng.—died Aug. 13, 1977, Wales), English poet, novelist, and critic whose verse is notable for haunted self-examination and spiritual imagery. The son of a clergyman, Blackburn was educated at the University of Durham. In his autobiograph...
ff366d78946f17089d003905129d5c7e
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Brassey
Thomas Brassey
Thomas Brassey Thomas Brassey, (born Nov. 7, 1805, Buerton, near Chester, Cheshire, Eng.—died Dec. 8, 1870, Hastings, Sussex), early British railway contractor who built railway lines all over the world. Brassey began his career as a surveyor, afterward becoming a partner and finally sole manager of the business. In 1...
052413f6c58fc493eaa50f61ae76ac8d
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Bruce-7th-earl-of-Elgin
Thomas Bruce, 7th earl of Elgin
Thomas Bruce, 7th earl of Elgin Thomas Bruce, 7th earl of Elgin, (born July 20, 1766—died Nov. 14, 1841, Paris), British diplomatist and art collector, famous for his acquisition of the Greek sculptures now known as the “Elgin Marbles” (q.v.). Third son of Charles Bruce, the 5th earl (1732–71), he succeeded his broth...
4e926e8622114faa5b5833fba53181a3
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Cartwright
Thomas Cartwright
Thomas Cartwright …the leader of the Presbyterians, Thomas Cartwright, was forced to flee England after publishing “A Second Admonition to Parliament” in support of the first. The clergy who refused to conform to the compulsory form of worship that had been promulgated by Elizabeth in 1559 (as the Act of Uniformity) lo...
ee814f1aa7a58a200080d278071af2eb
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Cranmer-archbishop-of-Canterbury
Thomas Cranmer
Thomas Cranmer Thomas Cranmer, (born July 2, 1489, Aslacton, Nottinghamshire, England—died March 21, 1556, Oxford), the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury (1533–56), adviser to the English kings Henry VIII and Edward VI. As archbishop, he put the English Bible in parish churches, drew up the Book of Common Pray...
dda7e3084f525fd8f432f299fe1d7573
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Crawford
Thomas Crawford
Thomas Crawford Thomas Crawford, (born March 22, 1814, New York, New York, U.S.—died October 10, 1857, London, England), Neoclassical sculptor best known for his colossal Statue of Freedom, which was posthumously cast and hoisted atop the dome of the Capitol in Washington, D.C., amid great festivities in 1863. Crawfor...
2ab7b3bc1e40b9558ae3c183814421d9
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Dale
Sir Thomas Dale
Sir Thomas Dale …settler; both the Virginia governor, Sir Thomas Dale, and Chief Powhatan agreed to the marriage, which took place in April 1614. Following the marriage, peace prevailed between the English and the Native Americans as long as Chief Powhatan lived. According to Powhatan tradition and the account of one c...
9b39f6536b8159e559ed66511338b1b4
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Dangerfield
Thomas Dangerfield
Thomas Dangerfield Thomas Dangerfield, (born 1650, Waltham, Essex, Eng.—died 1685, London), British informer who falsely accused British Roman Catholics of conspiracy during the panic created by the fictitious Popish Plot of 1678, based on Titus Oates’s allegations that Catholics were plotting to murder King Charles...
adbf9d8ab2cb7dab0b1cd2786bab833d
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-DArcy-McGee
Thomas D'Arcy McGee
Thomas D'Arcy McGee Thomas D’Arcy McGee, (born April 13, 1825, Carlingford, County Louth, Ire.—died April 7, 1868, Ottawa, Ont., Can.), Irish-Canadian writer and chief political orator of the Canadian confederation movement. An Irish patriot, McGee was associated with The Nation (1846–48), the literary organ of the Y...
d049f79c512f55e4ba038583c99339d1
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Dartmouth-Rice
Thomas Dartmouth Rice
Thomas Dartmouth Rice Thomas Dartmouth Rice, bynames Jim Crow Rice and Daddy Rice, (born May 20, 1808, New York, N.Y., U.S.—died Sept. 19, 1860, New York City), American actor regarded as the father of the minstrel show. Rice was an itinerant actor until his song and dance Jump Jim Crow, first presented in Louisville ...
72339d67881f5b8450b81f37af125600
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Davis
Sir Thomas Davis
Sir Thomas Davis …Oceania was Makutu (1960) by Thomas Davis, a Cook Islander, and Lydia Henderson, his New Zealand-born wife. Like their earlier autobiography, Doctor to the Islands (1954), it was written in English. The novel, which deals with the cultural conflict between Pacific and Western values in an imaginary la...
3c73cb16cbeb077bfd0cde519a4181b5
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Day
Thomas Day
Thomas Day Some writers, such as Thomas Day, with his long-lived Sandford and Merton, were avowedly Rousseauist. Others took from him what appealed to them. Sarah Kirby Trimmer, whose Fabulous Histories specialized in piety, opposed the presumably free-thinking Rousseau on religious grounds but was in other respects st...
68e11dfdb2377b7633af6ebbb1613537
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Doane
Thomas Doane
Thomas Doane …along with electric firing, by Thomas Doane, the resident engineer. Even more important, the development of compressed-air drilling machinery on the Hoosac helped launch the American pneumatic-tool industry, which assumed immense significance in mining and construction. These innovations greatly accelerat...
af1210b8d11ccfb1339ae7b26276ce40
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Doggett
Thomas Doggett
Thomas Doggett Thomas Doggett, (born c. 1670, Dublin, Ire.—died September/October 1721, London, Eng.), English actor who excelled in low-comedy parts and is best remembered as a member of a famous actor-manager triumvirate of Cibber, Doggett, and Wilks at the Drury Lane Theatre, London. Doggett is said to have begun h...
c77b31c93c1e1c0d61444e1ba1065a00
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-DUrfey
Thomas D'Urfey
Thomas D'Urfey Thomas D’Urfey, (born 1653, Exeter?, Devon, Eng.—died February 1723, London), English dramatist, satirist, and songwriter with a light satirical touch whose plays were very popular in their time; his comedies, with complicated plots carried forward by lively dialogue, to some extent pointed the way to ...
32409645bea2ba960f41aac70cc521ff
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-East
Thomas East
Thomas East Thomas East, East also spelled Easte, Est, or Este, (born c. 1540, London, Eng.—died January 1609, London), prominent English music publisher whose collection of psalms (1592) was among the first part-music printed in score rather than as individual parts in separate books. East was licensed as a printer...
ed7356e1e149ebca613ad17b98ea814b
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Edison/Menlo-Park
Menlo Park
Menlo Park Although Edison was a sharp bargainer, he was a poor financial manager, often spending and giving away money more rapidly than he earned it. In 1871 he married 16-year-old Mary Stilwell, who was as improvident in household matters as he was in business, and before the end of 1875 they were in financial diffi...
848e4be35325ed793930e32ad521d858
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Edison/The-Edison-laboratory
The Edison laboratory
The Edison laboratory A widower with three young children, Edison, on February 24, 1886, married 20-year-old Mina Miller, the daughter of a prosperous Ohio manufacturer. He purchased a hilltop estate in West Orange, New Jersey, for his new bride and constructed nearby a grand, new laboratory, which he intended to be th...
4b89da48bfa4d1cf359fcb61567459c3
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Edward-Thorpe
Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe
Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe, (born Dec. 8, 1845, Manchester—died Feb. 23, 1925, Salcombe, South Devon, Eng.), chemist and director of British government laboratories (1894–1909) who, with a number of specialists, published A Dictionary of Applied Chemistry (1890–93). After obtaining his doctorate...
4423de0bc143b91189f723f9bc35dc35
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Emlyn
Thomas Emlyn
Thomas Emlyn Thomas Emlyn, (born May 27, 1663, Stamford, Lincolnshire, Eng.—died July 30, 1741, London), English Presbyterian minister and writer who first publicly adopted the name Unitarian to designate a liberal, rational approach to God as a single person (as opposed to Christian belief in the Trinity). Emlyn beg...
151d3ec6ce4f9237443752e6ae73028d
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Frye
Thomas Frye
Thomas Frye …this was an invention of Thomas Frye, a gifted Irish engraver who, with his partner, Edward Heylyn, had founded the factory.
9ade40ed9cd164281158a821660fb899
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-H-Ince
Thomas H. Ince
Thomas H. Ince Thomas H. Ince, in full Thomas Harper Ince, (born November 16, 1882, Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.—died November 19, 1924, Hollywood, California), pioneer American motion-picture director who was the first to organize production methods into a disciplined system of filmmaking. The son of a comedian, Ince ...
8f8b1be0a5ccd6f4fcf149977397a889
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Henderson
Thomas Henderson
Thomas Henderson Thomas Henderson, (born Dec. 28, 1798, Dundee, Angus, Scot.—died Nov. 23, 1844, Edinburgh), Scottish astronomer who, as royal astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope (1831–33), made measurements that later allowed him to determine the parallax of a star (Alpha Centauri). He announced his findings in 1839...
dd1af7143b95a698b49410d6ee61135a
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Henry-Huxley
Thomas Henry Huxley
Thomas Henry Huxley Thomas Henry Huxley, (born May 4, 1825, Ealing, Middlesex, England—died June 29, 1895, Eastbourne, Sussex), English biologist, educator, and advocate of agnosticism (he coined the word). Huxley’s vigorous public support of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary naturalism earned him the nickname “Darwin’s b...
eb4510b0607fd16400ecdf913176b617
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hiram-Holding
Thomas Hiram Holding
Thomas Hiram Holding …of modern recreational camping was Thomas Hiram Holding, who wrote the first edition of The Camper’s Handbook in 1908. His urge to camp derived from his experiences as a boy: in 1853 he crossed the prairies of the United States in a wagon train, covering some 1,200 miles (1,900 km)…
d3753b0b1ab9db00acfe958f71e3e595
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hitchcock-Jr
Thomas Hitchcock, Jr.
Thomas Hitchcock, Jr. Thomas Hitchcock, Jr., byname Tommy Hitchcock, (born February 11, 1900, Aiken, South Carolina, U.S.—died April 19, 1944, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England), American polo player, generally considered the greatest in the history of the sport. The son of an outstanding player, Hitchcock achieved a 10-g...
6b5cce6f92801aaf66eb4829e53fa50a
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hobbes/Political-philosophy
Political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes
Political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes Hobbes presented his political philosophy in different forms for different audiences. De Cive states his theory in what he regarded as its most scientific form. Unlike The Elements of Law, which was composed in English for English parliamentarians—and which was written with local p...
a4ba02e84759402844d68df5493b0b45
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hobbes/Return-to-England
Return to England
Return to England There are signs that Hobbes intended Leviathan to be read by a monarch, who would be able to take the rules of statecraft from it. A specially bound copy was given to Prince Charles while he was in exile in Paris. Unfortunately, Hobbes’s suggestion in Leviathan that a subject had the right to abandon ...
ddd79e28f841cfc159f1c2bcc26397de
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Holland-duke-of-Surrey-3rd-earl-of-Kent
Thomas Holland, duke of Surrey
Thomas Holland, duke of Surrey Thomas Holland, duke of Surrey, also called Thomas De Holand, (born 1374—died Jan. 7/8, 1400, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, Eng.), prominent English noble in the reign of Richard II. Son of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (1350–97), he aided in the arrest and destruction of Richard II’...
74af0e604db33bacae12f6037042ea82
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Howard-1st-earl-of-Suffolk
Thomas Howard, 1st earl of Suffolk
Thomas Howard, 1st earl of Suffolk Thomas Howard, 1st earl of Suffolk, (born Aug. 24, 1561—died May 28, 1626, London, Eng.), an English commander during the attack of the Spanish Armada and in other forays against the Spanish during the reign of Elizabeth I. He was also a councillor in the reign of James I. Howard wa...
30c35a7968fa3ba021680f93e611e8ec
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-J-Watson-Jr
Thomas J. Watson, Jr.
Thomas J. Watson, Jr. Thomas J. Watson, Jr., in full Thomas John Watson, Jr., (born January 8, 1914, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.—died December 31, 1993, Greenwich, Connecticut), American business executive who inherited the leadership of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) from his father, Thomas J. Watson, Sr., ...
6874e6dc385f496fe66b34f67c0c163f
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-James-Cobden-Sanderson
Thomas James Cobden-Sanderson
Thomas James Cobden-Sanderson Thomas James Cobden-Sanderson, (born Dec. 2, 1840, Alnwick, Northumberland, Eng.—died Sept. 7, 1922, London), English book designer and binder who contributed much to the success of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Though initially a barrister, he turned in 1883 to bookbinding, a field in w...
aeb1376291c3386a9f06d6a9b7f673e8
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Kinkade
Thomas Kinkade
Thomas Kinkade Thomas Kinkade, (born January 19, 1958, Sacramento, California, U.S.—died April 6, 2012, Monte Sereno, California), American artist who built a successful industry on his light-infused paintings of tranquil idyllic scenes. Kinkade studied art history and took studio classes for two years at the Universi...
1724202b5caf8772db0f7d607723fa3b
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Komnenus-Palaeologus
Thomas Komnenus Palaeologus
Thomas Komnenus Palaeologus …Komnenos Palaeologus, also known as Preljubovič, the son of the caesar Gregory Preljub, who had been the Serbian governor of Thessaly under Stefan Uroš IV Dušan. He was able to assert Serbian control over northern Epirus and fought with the Albanian lords of Árta (Ghin Bua Spata and Peter L...
8fbc05431dff5685d0254a7d32c332a1
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Kyd
Thomas Kyd
Thomas Kyd Thomas Kyd, (baptized Nov. 6, 1558, London, Eng.—died c. December 1594, London), English dramatist who, with his The Spanish Tragedy (sometimes called Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, after its protagonist), initiated the revenge tragedy of his day. Kyd anticipated the structure of many later plays, including the de...
707d877b9198a77be49f06b9c5bb3967
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Littleton
Sir Thomas Littleton
Sir Thomas Littleton Sir Thomas Littleton, Littleton also spelled Lyttelton or Luttelton, (born 1422, probably at Frankley, Worcestershire, England—died August 23, 1481, Frankley), jurist, author of Littleton on Tenures (or Treatise on Tenures), the first important English legal text neither written in Latin nor signi...
df59797cfe48eea6ef8cf7d875e0511d
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Love-Peacock
Thomas Love Peacock
Thomas Love Peacock Thomas Love Peacock, (born Oct. 18, 1785, Weymouth, Dorset, Eng.—died Jan. 23, 1866, Lower Halliford, Middlesex), English author who satirized the intellectual tendencies of his day in novels in which conversation predominates over character or plot. His best verse is interspersed in his novels. ...
3ec6b38efde763ac737f2874da7975eb
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Luckmann
Thomas Luckmann
Thomas Luckmann For example, Thomas Luckmann, a German-American sociologist, described the sacred in modern society as that “strata of significance to which everyday life is ultimately referred”; and this definition includes such themes as “the autonomous individual” and “the mobility ethos.”
6e293e13138547bf89bd76c724d7b0cd
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Lucy
Sir Thomas Lucy
Sir Thomas Lucy Sir Thomas Lucy, (born April 24, 1532, Charlecote, near Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, Eng.—died July 7, 1600, Charlecote), English squire whom William Shakespeare may possibly have caricatured as Justice Shallow in Henry IV, Part 2 and The Merry Wives of Windsor. At 16 Lucy married an heiress, Joyc...
8a1de3a93b1cc30af5c07fbf7ebb1db6
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Mackenzie
Sir Thomas Mackenzie
Sir Thomas Mackenzie Sir Thomas Mackenzie, (born March 10, 1854, Edinburgh—died Feb. 14, 1930, Dunedin, N.Z.), Scottish-born explorer, businessman, and politician who was for a short time prime minister of New Zealand (1912) and who later served as High Commissioner in London during World War I. Mackenzie’s family ha...
ea5736964a617313fa7b420bd9f64653
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Malory
Thomas Malory
Thomas Malory Thomas Malory, in full Sir Thomas Malory, (flourished c. 1470), English writer whose identity remains uncertain but whose name is famous as that of the author of Le Morte Darthur, the first prose account in English of the rise and fall of the legendary king Arthur and the fellowship of the Round Table. E...
a74081a252b47d33775c5c79af83b669
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Malthus
Thomas Malthus
Thomas Malthus Thomas Malthus, in full Thomas Robert Malthus, (born February 13/14, 1766, Rookery, near Dorking, Surrey, England—died December 29, 1834, St. Catherine, near Bath, Somerset), English economist and demographer who is best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food sup...
1c4da75607c9e14886979bca046e3cc0
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Mellon
Thomas Mellon
Thomas Mellon Following the discovery, Thomas Mellon built the Gulf refinery in Port Arthur, Texas. The firm continued to develop oil fields in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana, as well as in Mexico and Venezuela; by 1923 the Port Arthur refinery was the largest in the world. Gulf was the first… …was founded in 1869 by T...
ee34d467c13553b934c326350e2a3760
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Merton
Thomas Merton
Thomas Merton Thomas Merton, original name of Father M. Louis, (born January 31, 1915, Prades, France—died December 10, 1968, Bangkok, Thailand), Roman Catholic monk, poet, and prolific writer on spiritual and social themes, one of the most important American Roman Catholic writers of the 20th century. Merton was th...
e377b11676e68fb7ae518c66259a025a
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Midgley-Jr
Thomas Midgley, Jr.
Thomas Midgley, Jr. Thomas Midgley, Jr., (born May 18, 1889, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, U.S.—died November 2, 1944, Worthington, Ohio), American engineer and chemist who discovered the effectiveness of tetraethyl lead as an antiknock additive for gasoline. He also found that dichlorodifluoromethane (a type of fluoroc...
2eccae43fb6449bcc28c4f3e148d038d
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-More-English-humanist-and-statesman
Thomas More
Thomas More Thomas More, in full Sir Thomas More, also called Saint Thomas More, (born February 7, 1478, London, England—died July 6, 1535, London; canonized May 19, 1935; feast day June 22), English humanist and statesman, chancellor of England (1529–32), who was beheaded for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as hea...
5b787242e177e0d5b75ba4bb2c3b3249
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Mudge
Thomas Mudge
Thomas Mudge Thomas Mudge, (born Sept. 1717, Exeter, Devon, Eng.—died Nov. 14, 1794, Newington Place, Surrey), considered England’s greatest watchmaker, who was the inventor of the lever escapement, the most dependable and widely used device for regulating the movement of the spring-driven watch. Mudge served as appre...
ca2cafd72ea20d2c6f033c00f5b41b53
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Nagel
Thomas Nagel
Thomas Nagel …to Be a Bat?” (1974), Thomas Nagel pointed out that no matter how much someone might know about the objective facts about the brains and behaviour of bats and of their peculiar ability to echolocate (to locate distant or invisible objects by means of sound waves), that knowledge alone would… The American ...
f4e9bc7d9474af9b582ba6c78fbec706
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Osborne-Davis
Thomas Osborne Davis
Thomas Osborne Davis Thomas Osborne Davis, (born Oct. 14, 1814, Mallow, County Cork, Ire.—died Sept. 16, 1845, Dublin), Irish writer and politician who was the chief organizer and poet of the Young Ireland movement. A Protestant who resented the traditional identification of Irish nationalism with Roman Catholic inte...
3d80ece456a5833465183dfea8eb3047
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-R-Marshall
Thomas R. Marshall
Thomas R. Marshall Thomas R. Marshall, (born March 14, 1854, North Manchester, Ind., U.S.—died June 1, 1925, Washington, D.C.), 28th vice president of the United States (1913–21) in the Democratic administration of President Woodrow Wilson. He was the first vice president in almost a century to serve two terms in off...
63dfc764fbff6f23b59cd6912e464dd5
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Radcliffe-3rd-earl-of-Sussex
Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd earl of Sussex
Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd earl of Sussex Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd earl of Sussex, Radcliffe also spelled Ratclyffe, also called (1542–53) Viscount Fitzwalter, or(1553–57) Baron Fitzwalter, (born c. 1525—died June 9, 1583, London), English lord lieutenant of Ireland who suppressed a rebellion of the Roman Catholics in the fa...
b9e5e24da208e13b237605ac3cfce4b6
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Rainborow
Thomas Rainborow
Thomas Rainborow Thomas Rainborow, Rainborow also spelled Rainsborough, (died Oct. 29, 1648, Doncaster, Yorkshire, Eng.), English soldier and republican who fought for Parliament during the English Civil Wars. His father, Captain William Rainborow, had been an officer in the royal navy. Thomas commanded the Swallow i...
3b694895e47d7457f9c2b488960acfb3
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Ravenscroft
Thomas Ravenscroft
Thomas Ravenscroft Thomas Ravenscroft, (born c. 1582?, Sussex?, Eng.—died c. 1633, London?), composer remembered for his social songs and his collection of psalm settings. He took his bachelor of music degree at the University of Cambridge, possibly in 1605. From 1618 to 1622 he was music master at Christ’s Hospital. ...
443722ff8847ede6040ce31eb88ed290
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Reid
Thomas Reid
Thomas Reid Thomas Reid, (born April 26, 1710, Strachan, Kincardineshire, Scot.—died Oct. 7, 1796, Glasgow), Scottish philosopher who rejected the skeptical Empiricism of David Hume in favour of a “philosophy of common sense,” later espoused by the Scottish School. Reid studied philosophy at Marischal College, Aberde...
42664e5deb75f97a13dc7263deed1117
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Rudolphus-Dallmeyer
Thomas Rudolphus Dallmeyer
Thomas Rudolphus Dallmeyer His son Thomas Rudolphus Dallmeyer (1859–1906) introduced telephoto lenses into ordinary practice (patented 1891) and wrote a standard book on the subject (Telephotography, 1899).
76dc54947216bcf4ba1064e0a7b3d938
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Selle
Thomas Selle
Thomas Selle Matthew Passion setting of Thomas Selle (1599–1663) uses a double chorus extensively, while his setting of the St. John Passion incorporates instruments and a “distant choir.” Contrast between the interlocutors is achieved by assigning particular instruments or groups to different characters. Chorales, or ...
61717707461068fb44638c7888496c57
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Shadwell
Thomas Shadwell
Thomas Shadwell Thomas Shadwell, (born 1642?, Norfolk, England—died November 19, 1692, London), English dramatist and poet laureate, known for his broad comedies of manners and as the butt of John Dryden’s satire. Educated at Caius College, Cambridge, and at the Middle Temple, London, after the Restoration (1660) Shad...
5a9c3fb18f71b3c11a7ef95f23da50dc
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Shelton
Thomas Shelton
Thomas Shelton Thomas Shelton, (flourished 1598–1629, England), first English translator of Don Quixote. His work (1612 and 1620) was based not on Cervantes’s originals (1605 and 1615) but on the Velpius edition first published in Brussels in 1607.
c9f57c38171b1ff38077f14659f1885b
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Solly
Thomas Solly
Thomas Solly …in 1839 the English writer Thomas Solly presented an extensional logic in A Syllabus of Logic, though not an algebraic one.)
aca1caece34b889db0346e8da1f185be
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Story-Kirkbride
Thomas Story Kirkbride
Thomas Story Kirkbride Thomas Story Kirkbride, (born July 31, 1809, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, U.S.—died December 16, 1883, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), American psychiatrist and administrator best known for his influential ideas about the design and construction of hospitals for the mentally ill. Kirkbride was born ...
520ee38daeda2868fc5c0e5823bdc407
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Sumter
Thomas Sumter
Thomas Sumter Thomas Sumter, (born August 14, 1734, Hanover county, Virginia [U.S.]—died June 1, 1832, South Mount, South Carolina, U.S.), legislator and officer in the American Revolution, remembered for his leadership of troops against British forces in North and South Carolina, where he earned the sobriquet “the ...
de761a7c7a81d8040a80c373c5fc825a
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Telford
Thomas Telford
Thomas Telford Thomas Telford, (born Aug. 9, 1757, near Westerkirk, Dumfries, Scot.—died Sept. 2, 1834, London, Eng.), versatile Scottish civil engineer whose crowning achievement was the design and construction (1819–26) of the Menai Bridge in Wales. Telford began his career as a mason and educated himself to become ...
0c886ceeaf471576293e4ab7f5fbce8a
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-the-Rhymer
Thomas The Rhymer
Thomas The Rhymer Thomas The Rhymer, also called Thomas Learmont, or Thomas Of Erceldoune, (flourished 1220–97), Scottish poet and prophet who was likely the author of the metrical romance Sir Tristrem, a version of the widely diffused Tristan legend. The romance was first printed in 1804 by Sir Walter Scott from a ma...
c5e7dff29dd82283685ee42d91771cdd
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Venner
Thomas Venner
Thomas Venner …an armed uprising, led by Thomas Venner in April 1657, was easily suppressed. Venner attempted another, equally abortive uprising in January 1661. He and a number of others were executed, and the special doctrines of the sect died out.
bcf154447f0cd597dfd95db3c7822e18
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Walker-American-physician
Thomas Walker
Thomas Walker …1750s and ’60s, Virginian physician Thomas Walker and a survey party in 1750 established the region’s southern boundary—the so-called “Walker Line,” at 36°30′ N—as an extension of the Virginia–North Carolina boundary. (Kentucky was to remain part of Virginia until 1792.) The French and Indian War (1754–6...
be6f53b02a76e5a43195d537a25c3ebf
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Walker-British-inventor
Thomas Walker
Thomas Walker …at any time; another Englishman, Thomas Walker, introduced successive refinements of the patent log beginning in 1861. This form of log is still in use.
738116832e7c43dd946adf156bc43c25
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Wentworth-earl-of-Cleveland
Thomas Wentworth, earl of Cleveland
Thomas Wentworth, earl of Cleveland Thomas Wentworth, earl of Cleveland, also called (from 1593) 4th Baron Wentworth of Nettlestead, 4th Lord Le Despenser, (born 1591—died March 25, 1667), prominent Royalist during the English Civil Wars. The eldest son of Henry Wentworth (whom he succeeded as 4th Baron Wentworth and...
74c6f9448774aa74f1d4692622fcf38e
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Wentworth-Wills
Thomas Wentworth Wills
Thomas Wentworth Wills Concerned about off-season fitness, cricketer Thomas Wentworth Wills (1835–80), who was born in Australia but educated at Rugby School in England—where he captained the cricket team and excelled in football—believed that a football club should be formed to keep his teammates fit during winter. Th...
540535d823ea5a1b9bbd797c88501dc7
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Willis
Thomas Willis
Thomas Willis Thomas Willis, (born Jan. 27, 1621, Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, Eng.—died Nov. 11, 1675, London), British physicians, leader of the English iatrochemists, who attempted to explain the workings of the body from current knowledge of chemical interactions; he is known for his careful studies of the nervous sy...
768b85e65d79c78067068a190a2ef6d8
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Worthington
Thomas Worthington
Thomas Worthington …Martin (the chief translator), and Thomas Worthington, who provided the Old Testament annotations, was instrumental in its production. They undertook the work—initiated by Allen—in order to provide English-speaking Roman Catholics with an authoritative Roman Catholic version of the Bible, as an alte...
32419404c0931c5b4da0465594be210c
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Yayi-Boni
Thomas Yayi Boni
Thomas Yayi Boni …elections held in March 2006, Thomas Boni Yayi, former chief executive of the West African Development Bank and relatively new to national politics, running as an independent candidate, emerged victorious after two rounds of voting. The new president focused on economic development as well as the elim...
195846d61943d781a6ccf105ec33b686
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thoralf-Albert-Skolem
Thoralf Albert Skolem
Thoralf Albert Skolem In 1934 the Norwegian Thoralf Skolem gave an explicit construction of what is now called a nonstandard model of arithmetic, containing “infinite numbers” and infinitesimals, each of which is a certain class of infinite sequences. …and of the Norwegian mathematician Thoralf Skolem, a pioneer in met...
ecf6ed65b46d639eddc87b3cbe35e385
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thorbjorn-Egner
Thorbjørn Egner
Thorbjørn Egner …Mexico City and northern India; Thorbjørn Egner, who is the author of, among other books, a tiny droll fantasy, Karius and Baktus (1958; Eng. trans. 1962), which will actually persuade small children to brush their teeth; and Alf Prøysen, creator of Mrs. Pepperpot, a delightful little old lady who neve...