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87,600
Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in Los Angeles
Jerrett, M; Burnett, RT; Ma, R; Pope CA III; Krewski, D; Newbold, KB; Thurston, G; Shi, Y; Finkelstein, N; Calle, EE; Thun, MJ
2,005
BACKGROUND: The assessment of air pollution exposure using only community average concentrations may lead to measurement error that lowers estimates of the health burden attributable to poor air quality. To test this hypothesis, we modeled the association between air pollution and mortality using small-area exposure me...
0
180,341
Signalling and cell death in ozone-exposed plants
Kangasjarvi, J; Jaspers, P; Kollist, H
2,005
Experiments with Arabidopsis mutants and sensitive and tolerant pairs in several other species have elucidated the molecular basis of plant ozone sensitivity and ozone lesion development. They have indicated an important role for hormonal signalling in determining the outcome of ozone challenge at the cellular level. T...
1
88,898
Estimation of critical loads of acidity for lakes in northeastern United States and eastern Canada
Dupont, J; Clair, TA; Gagnon, C; Jeffries, DS; Kahl, JS; Nelson, SJ; Peckenham, JM
2,005
The New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers (NEG/ECP) adopted the Acid Rain Action Plan in June 1998, and issued a series of action items to support its work toward a reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in northeastern North America. One of these action items was the prepara...
0
87,892
Relation between ambient air quality and selected birth defects, seven county study, Texas, 1997-2000
Gilboa, SM; Mendola, P; Olshan, AF; Langlois, PH; Savitz, DA; Loomis, D; Herring, AH; Fixler, DE
2,005
population-based case-control study investigated the association between maternal exposure to air pollutants, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter <10 microm in aerodynamic diameter during weeks 3-8 of pregnancy and the risk of selected cardiac birth defects and oral clefts ...
1
74,344
The methodologic ozone effect
Goodman, SN
2,005
null
0
191,652
The role of ozone flux and antioxidants in the suppression of ozone injury by elevated CO2 in soybean
Booker, FL; Fiscus, EL
2,005
The projected rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to increase growth and yield of many agricultural crops. The magnitude of this stimulus will partly depend on interactions with other components of the atmosphere such as tropospheric O-3. Elevated CO2 concentrations often lessen the deleterious effects of...
0
80,112
ROS perception in Arabidopsis thaliana: the ozone-induced calcium response
Evans, NH; Mcainsh, MR; Hetherington, AM; Knight, MR
2,005
Ozone is responsible for more crop losses than any other air pollutant. The changes in gene expression, which occur in plants in response to ozone, have been well characterized, yet little is known about how ozone is perceived or the signal transduction steps that follow. The earliest characterized response to ozone is...
0
180,452
Effects of ozone exposure on nonspecific phagocytic capacity of pulmonary macrophages from an amphibian, Bufo marinus
Dohm, MR; Mautz, WJ; Andrade, JA; Gellert, KS; Salas-Ferguson, LJ; Nicolaisen, N; Fujie, N
2,005
Pulmonary macrophages are an important component of immune defense against inhaled foreign particles and microorganisms. In humans and other mammals, exposure to moderate amounts of ozone (O3) can inhibit functional capacities of alveolar macrophages. In many wilderness areas downwind of urban centers, ozone levels fre...
1
191,243
Beech leaf colonization by the endophyte Apiognomonia errabunda dramatically depends on light exposure and climatic conditions
Bahnweg, G; Heller, W; Stich, S; Knappe, C; Betz, G; Heerdt, C; Kehr, RD; Ernst, D; Langebartels, C; Nunn, AJ; Rothenburger, J; Schubert, R; Wallis, P; Muller-Starck, G; Werner, H; Matyssek, R; Sandermann, H
2,005
Ozone and light effects on endophytic colonization by Apiognomonia errabunda of adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) and their putative mediation by internal defence compounds were studied at the Kranzberg Forest free-air ozone fumigation site. A. errabunda colonization was quantified by "real-time PCR" (QPCR). A. errab...
0
74,322
Air pollution and daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in Windsor, Ontario
Fung, KY; Luginaah, I; Gorey, KM; Webster, G
2,005
OBJECTIVE: To examine the role that ambient air pollution plays in exacerbating cardiovascular disease hospitalization in Windsor, Ontario. METHODS: The number of daily cardiac hospital admissions was obtained from all Windsor hospitals from April 1, 1995 to December 31, 2000 and linked to concentrations of ambient air...
1
76,093
Ozone uptake by an evergreen mediterranean forest (Quercus ilex L.) in Italy-Part II: Flux modelling. Upscaling leaf to canopy ozone uptake by a process-based model
Vitale, M; Gerosa, G; Ballarin-Denti, A; Manes, F
2,005
#Ozone (O3) induces deleterious effects on plants by its oxidising capacity. Efforts have aimed at defining O3 critical loads which are based on O3 penetrating into the plant through the stomata, being an important mechanism of O3 removal. Recently, papers have proposed the use of process-based models for estimating th...
0
90,417
Measurements of reactive iodine species on the Isles of Shoals, Gulf of Maine
Pikelnaya, O; Hurlock, SC; Trick, S; Stutz, J
2,005
The chemistry of reactive iodine species has received considerable attention in the past five years. The presence of iodine oxides in the marine boundary layer (MBL) can influence ozone levels, either through well-known catalytic destruction cycles, or through its influence on NO/NO2 and OH/HO2 ratios. In addition, iod...
0
191,671
Short term effects of ozone on the plant-rhizosphere-bulk soil system of young beech trees
Schloter, M; Winkler, JB; Aneja, M; Koch, N; Fleischmann, F; Pritsch, K; Heller, W; Stich, S; Grams, TEE; Gottlein, A; Matyssek, R; Munch, JC
2,005
Plant growth largely depends on microbial community structure and function in the rhizosphere. In turn, microbial communities in the rhizosphere rely on carbohydrates provided by the host plant. This paper presents the first study on ozone effects in the plant-rhizosphere-bulk soil system of 4-year-old beech trees usin...
0
89,885
Should people be physically active outdoors on smog alert days?
Campbell, ME; Li, Q; Gingrich, SE; Macfarlane, RG; Cheng, S
2,005
BACKGROUND: Given the importance of physical activity to well-being, there is a need to encourage people to be physically active year-round. At the same time, many people are vulnerable to adverse health effects from air pollution, especially on smog alert days. This study was undertaken to determine when air pollutio...
0
596,393
CXCR2 is essential for maximal neutrophil recruitment and methacholine responsiveness after ozone exposure
Johnston, RA; Mizgerd, JP; Shore, SA
2,005
Ozone (O(3)), a common air pollutant, induces airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In mice, the neutrophil chemokines KC and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) are expressed in the lungs following O(3) exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CXCR2, the receptor for these chemo...
1
89,366
A GAM for daily ozone concentration in Seoul
Kim, J; Hong, J
2,005
This study focuses on ozone modeling using meteorological and air monitoring variables. Twenty seven (27) places in Seoul were measured for ozone values from January 1999 to December 1999. Air quality monitoring data consisted of CO, NO2, O-3, PM10, TSP while meteorology data consisted of the daily maximum temperature,...
0
131,594
Photochemical production and loss of organic acids in high Arctic aerosols during long-range transport and polar sunrise ozone depletion events
Kawamura, K; Imai, Y; Barrie, LA
2,005
Unique daily measurements of water-soluble organics in fine (&lt; 2 mum) and coarse (&gt; 2 mum) aerosols were conducted at Alert in the Canadian Arctic in winter to spring of 1992. They yield insight into photochemical production and loss of organics during long-range transport and ozone depletion events following pol...
0
92,068
1994-2004: 10 years of research on the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium
Jetten, MSM; Cirpus, I; Kartal, B; van Niftrik, L; van de Pas-Schoonen, KT; Sliekers, O; Haaijer, SCM; Van der Star, WRL; Schmid, M; Van de Vossenberg, J; Schmidt, I; Harhangi, HR; van Loosdrecht, M; Gijs Kuenen, J; Op den Ca
2,005
The obligately anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reaction with nitrite as primary electron acceptor is catalysed by the planctomycete-like bacteria Brocadio anammoxidans, Kuenenia stuttgortiensis and Scalindua sorokinii. The anammox bacteria use a complex reaction mechanism involving hydrazine as an intermediate. ...
0
78,044
Relationship between outdoor and indoor air quality in eight French schools
Blondeau, P; Iordache, V; Poupard, O; Genin, D; Allard, F
2,005
In the frame of the French national research program PRIMEQUAL (inter-ministry program for better air quality in urban environments), measurements of outdoor and indoor pollution have been carried out in eight schools in La Rochelle (France) and its suburbs. The buildings were naturally ventilated by opening the window...
1
606,112
Seasonal modelling assessment of ozone sensitivity to precursors in northern Italy
Gabusi, V; Volta, M
2,005
Abstract: One of the major thrusts of model application is to assess the relative importance of and VOC controls in reducing ozone levels; in this paper, the long-term assessment of ozone exposure and sensitivity to and VOC emissions, in terms of mean values and seasonal indicators, has been investigated over a complex...
0
69,998
Daytime formation of nitrous acid: A major source of OH radicals in a forest
Kleffmann J Gavriloaiei, T; Hofzumahaus, A; Holland, F; Koppmann, R; Rupp, L; Schlosser, E; Siese, M; Wahner, A
2,005
Daytime concentrations of HONO, NOx, OH and photolysis frequencies were measured during the ECHO field campaign in a mixed deciduous forest near Ju?lich, West-Germany, in summer 2003. Midday measurements show clear evidence for a large, yet unexplained daytime source of HONO (-500 pptv/h), which represents an important...
0
191,261
Cell death behind invisible symptoms: Early diagnosis of ozone injury
Faoro, F; Iriti, M
2,005
A simple histo-cytochemical method, combining Evans blue staining to assess cell death and in vivo 3,3'-diaminobenzidine uptake for H2O2 localisation, has been used to evaluate O-3 damages in leaf tissues of three Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars (Cannellino, BLF, Saxa) with different sensitivity to the pollutant. Bean ...
0
651,815
UV-B irradiation stimulates the promoter activity of the high-risk, cutaneous human papillomavirus 5 and 8 in primary keratinocytes
Akgul, B; Lemme, W; Garcia-Escudero, R; Storey, A; Pfister, HJ
2,005
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been implicated in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). HPV types 5 and 8 are strongly associated with NMSC in patients with the inherited disease Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (Ev). In these patients tumours arise predominantly on sun-exposed skin and consistently har...
0
76,649
Antioxidant-mediated augmentation of ozone-induced membrane oxidation
Ballinger, CA; Cueto, R; Squadrito, G; Coffin, JF; Velsor, LW; Pryor, WA; Postlethwait, EM
2,005
The pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) contains substrates, e.g., ascorbic acid (AH2), uric acid (UA), glutathione (GSH), proteins, and unsaturated lipids, which undergo facile reaction with inhaled ozone (O3). Reactions near the ELF gas/liquid interface likely provide the driving force for O3 absorption ("reactiv...
1
130,425
Influences of ozone exposure upon macrophage responsivity to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: Mobility and metabolic changes
Klestadt, D; Laval-Gilly, P; Foucaud, L; Falla, J
2,005
Alveolar macrophages represent one of the first lines of cell defence in the lungs. They employ several mechanisms, including phagocytosis and secretion of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. fMLP, a formylated peptide of bacterial origin, is a potent inducer of phagocyte chemotaxis and is also involved in generating...
1
191,293
Coupled carbon-water exchange of the Amazon rain forest, II. Comparison of predicted and observed seasonal exchange of energy, CO72, isoprene and ozone at a remote site in Rondonia
Simon, E; Meixner, FX; Rummel, U; Ganzeveld, L; Ammann, C; Kesselmeier, J
2,005
A one-dimensional multi-layer scheme describing the coupled exchange of energy and CO2, the emission of isoprene and the dry deposition of ozone is applied to a rain forest canopy in southwest Amazonia. The model was constrained using mean diel cycles of micrometeorological quantities observed during two periods in the...
0
79,172
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2003 Emergency Department Summary
McCaig, LF; Burt, CW
2,005
null
0
156,237
Long-range transport to Europe: Seasonal variations and implications for the European ozone budget
Auvray, M; Bey, I
2,005
We use a chemical transport model (GEOS-CHEM) to quantify the contribution of long-range transported pollution to the European ozone (O3) budget for the year 1997. The model reproduces the main features observed over Europe for O3, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxides, as well as two events of enhanced O3 of North Ame...
0
195,657
The epidemiology and genetics of asthma risk associated with air pollution
Peden, DB
2,005
The occurrence of asthma and allergic diseases has continued to increase in the United States and worldwide, despite general improvements in air quality over the past 40 years. This observation has led many to question whether air quality is truly a significant risk factor in the development and exacerbation of asthma ...
0
199,255
New Directions: Discussion of "A new generation of ozone critical levels for the protection of vegetation in Europe" by Ashmore et al. Reply - Response
Krause, G; Kollner, B; Grunhage, L; Jager, HJ; Bender, J; Weigel, HJ
2,005
null
0
74,091
Ozone air pollution is associated with acute myocardial infarction
Ruidavets, JB; Cournot, M; Cassadou, S; Giroux, M; Meybeck, M; Ferrieres, J
2,005
#BACKGROUND: Despite the diversity of the studied health outcomes, types and levels of pollution, and various environmental settings, there is substantial evidence for a positive link between urban air pollution and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to test the associations between air pollutants...
1
605,475
Simulated sensitivity of seasonal ozone exposure in the Great Lakes region to changes in anthropogenic emissions in the presence of interannual variability
Fast, JD; Heilman, WE
2,005
Abstract: A coupled meteorological and chemical modeling system with a 12-km horizontal grid spacing was used to simulate the evolution of ozone over the Great Lakes region between May and September of 1999 and 2001. The overall temporal and spatial variations in hourly ozone concentrations and ozone exposure from cont...
0
76,663
Ozone exposure in vivo and formation of biologically active oxysterols in the lung
Pulfer, MK; Taube, C; Gelfand, E; Murphy, RC
2,005
Ozone toxicity in the lung is thought to be mediated by products derived from the reaction of ozone with components of the lung epithelial lining fluid. Cholesterol is an abundant component of this epithelial lining fluid, and it is susceptible to ozonolysis, yielding several stable products including 3"Beta"-hydroxy-5...
1
117,680
BTX measurements in a medium-sized European city
Pilidis, GA; Karakitsios, SP; Kassomenos, PA
2,005
The BTX levels are significantly high compared to the EU directive for benzene in European cities with population around or higher one million. Since there are hundreds of towns in Europe with smaller population, it is important to know the levels of aromatics in these areas. <br> <br>This work presents the results of ...
0
80,683
The effect on human eye blink frequency of exposure to limonene oxidation products and methacrolein
Nojgaard, JK; Christensen, KB; Wolkoff, P
2,005
Oxidation products of terpenes (e.g. limonene) contain unidentified irritants, which may be responsible for a fraction of the reported eye and airway complaints in indoor environments. Here we report exposure to parts per billion (ppb) levels of limonene oxidation products (LOPs) and the terpene oxidation product metha...
0
87,580
Model evaluation and spatial interpolation by Bayesian combination of observations with outputs from numerical models
Fuentes, M; Raftery, AE
2,005
Constructing maps of dry deposition pollution levels is vital for air quality management, and presents statistical problems typical of many environmental and spatial applications. Ideally, such maps would be based on a dense network of monitoring stations, but this does not exist. Instead, there are two main sources of...
1
191,255
Biomonitoring of air pollution in a seasonally dry tropical suburban area using wheat transplants
Rajput, M; Agrawal, M
2,005
Air pollution has been identified as a serious problem throughout the world which causes tremendous loss to the crops by affecting plant growth and yield. Earlier, air pollution was restricted to urban and industrial regions. Over the last few decades, however, it has become evident that pollutants can be transported o...
0
89,884
The effects of air pollution and meteorological parameters on respiratory morbidity during the summer in Sao Paulo City
Goncalves, FLT; Carvalho, LMV; Conde, FC; Latorre, MRDO; Saldiva, PHN; Braga, ALF
2,005
Effects of meteorological variables and air pollutants on child respiratory morbidity are investigated during two consecutive summers (December-March 1992/1993 and 1993/1994) at the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP), Brazil. The MASP, with almost 17 million inhabitants, is considered the most populous region in Sou...
0
596,365
Ozone-induced paradoxical sleep decrease is related to diminished acetylcholine levels in the medial preoptic area in rats
Alfaro-Rodriguez, A; Gonzalez-Pi?a, R
2,005
Ozone (O3) produces significant effects on sleep, characterized specially by a decrease in paradoxical sleep (PS) and increase in slow-wave sleep (SWS), which in turn represent a sleep-wake cycle disruption. On the other hand, neuronal activity recorded in the cholinoceptive hypothalamic medial preoptic area (MPO) has ...
0
191,596
Ozone-induced programmed cell death in the Arabidopsis radical-induced cell death1 mutant
Overmyer, K; Brosche, M; Pellinen, R; Kuittinen, T; Tuominen, H; Ahlfors, R; Keinanen, M; Saarma, M; Scheel, D; Kangasjarvi, J
2,005
Short, high-concentration peaks of the atmospheric pollutant ozone (O-3) cause the formation of cell death lesions on the leaves of sensitive plants. Numerous similarities between the plant responses to O-3 and pathogens suggest that O-3 triggers hypersensitive response-like programmed cell death (PCD). We examined O-3...
1
57,409
Radiative forcing of climate change: Expanding the concept and addressing uncertainties
null
2,005
The Earth receives a continuous influx of energy from the Sun. Some of this energy is absorbed at the Earth?s surface or by the atmosphere, while some is reflected back to space. At the same time, the Earth and its atmosphere emit energy to space, resulting in an approximate balance between energy received and energy l...
1
90,359
Observations of entrainment in eastern Pacific marine stratocumulus using three conserved scalars
Faloona, E; Lenschow, D; Campos, T; Stevens, B; Van Zanten, M; Blomquist, B; Thornton, D; Bandy, A; Gerber, H
2,005
Fast measurements of three scalars, ozone, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and total water, are used to investigate the entrainment process in the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (STBL) observed over the eastern subtropical Pacific during the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus Experiment (DYCOMS-II). Dir...
0
74,084
Health-related benefits of attaining the 8-hr ozone standard
Hubbell, BJ; Hallberg, A; Mccubbin, DR; Post, E
2,005
During the 2000-2002 time period, between 36 and 56% of ozone monitors each year in the United States failed to meet the current ozone standard of 80 ppb for the fourth highest maximum 8-hr ozone concentration. We estimated the health benefits of attaining the ozone standard at these monitors using the U.S. Environment...
0
88,689
Traffic air pollution and hospital admission for asthma: a case-control approach in a Turin (Italy) population
Migliaretti, G; Cadum, E; Migliore, E; Cavallo, F
2,005
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship between traffic air pollution and asthma, using a case-control design applied to routinely collected data. METHODS: Subjects resident in Turin during the period 1997-1999 and admitted for asthma were defined as cases; patients admitted for causes other than respirato...
0
684,174
Fundamentals of atmospheric modeling
Jacobson, MZ
2,005
null
1
80,086
Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Taipei, Taiwan
Chang, CC; Tsai, SS; Ho, SC; Yang, CY
2,005
This study was undertaken to determine whether there is an association between air pollutants levels and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for CVD and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period 1997-2001. The relative risk of hospital ad...
1
88,216
Concentrations and trends of benzene in ambient air over New York State during 1990-2003
Aleksic, N; Boynton, G; Sistla, G; Perry, J
2,005
#Since 1990s, a systematic program to measure air toxics has been active in New York State with monitors located both in urban and rural areas. In this study we examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of benzene, a known human carcinogen that is emitted by many source categories. The analysis indicates that a...
0
42,647
What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2
Ainsworth, EA; Long, SP
2,005
Free-air CO(2) enrichment (FACE) experiments allow study of the effects of elevated [CO(2)] on plants and ecosystems grown under natural conditions without enclosure. Data from 120 primary, peer-reviewed articles describing physiology and production in the 12 large-scale FACE experiments (475-600 ppm) were collected an...
1
191,502
Leaf optical responses to light and soil nutrient availability in temperate deciduous trees
Baltzer, JL; Thomas, SC
2,005
Leaf optical parameters influence light availability at the cellular, leaf, and canopy scale of integration. While recent studies have focused on leaf optical responses to acute plant stress, the effects of changes in plant resources on leaf optics remain poorly characterized. We examined leaf optical and anatomical re...
0
80,269
A source-to-dose assessment of population exposures to fine PM and ozone in Philadelphia, PA, during a summer 1999 episode
Georgopoulos, PG; Wang, SW; Vyas, VM; Sun, Q; Burke, J; Vedantham, R; Mccurdy, T; Ozkaynak, H
2,005
A novel source-to-dose modeling study of population exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) was conducted for urban Philadelphia. The study focused on a 2-week episode, 11-24 July 1999, and employed the new integrated and mechanistically consistent source-to-dose modeling framework of MENTOR/SHEDS (...
1
191,307
Different signaling and cell death roles of heterotrimeric G protein alpha and beta subunits in the arabidopsis oxidative stress response to ozone
Joo, JH; Wang, SY; Chen, JG; Jones, AM; Fedoroff, NV
2,005
Arabidopsis thaliana plants with null mutations in the genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of the single heterotrimeric G protein are less and more sensitive, respectively, to O-3 damage than wild-type Columbia-0 plants. The first peak of the bimodal oxidative burst elicited by O-3 in wild-type plants is almost ...
1
191,515
Metrics matter: Conflicting air quality rankings from different indices of air pollution
Bell, ML; Hobbs, BF; Ellis, H
2,005
Comparisons of air quality policies involve numerous considerations such as cost, health, effects on vegetation and materials, and aesthetics. Such assessments require difficult scientific and value judgments. These difficulties can also characterize comparisons that consider only physical and chemical air quality indi...
0
73,851
Influence of air pollution on the incidence of respiratory tract neoplasm
Pereira, FAC; De Assuncao, JV; Saldiva, PHN; Pereira, LAA; Mirra, AP; Braga, ALF
2,005
To evaluate the possible influence of air pollutants on the incidence of respiratory tract neoplasm we studied 12 Sao Paulo City districts where air pollution is observed. We collected data on pollutants from 1981-1990 and correlated it with the incidence of larynx and lung neoplasms in 1997. Ozone was the pollutant th...
0
56,305
Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits
Peel, JL; Tolbert, PE; Klein, M; Metzger, KB; Flanders, WD; Todd, K; Mulholland, JA; Ryan, PB; Frumkin, H
2,005
Background: A number of emergency department studies have corroborated findings from mortality and hospital admission studies regarding an association of ambient air pollution and respiratory outcomes. More refined assessment has been limited by study size and available air quality data. Methods: Measurements of 5 pol...
1
87,916
Ambient particulate matter and health effects: Publication bias in studies of short-term associations
Anderson, HR; Atkinson, RW; Peacock, JL; Sweeting, MJ; Marston, L
2,005
BACKGROUND: Time-series studies have shown short-term temporal associations between low levels of ambient particulate air pollution and adverse health effects. It is not known whether or to what extent this literature is affected by publication bias. METHODS: We obtained effect estimates from time-series studies publis...
0
89,462
Does socio-demographic status influence the effect of pollens and molds on hospitalization for asthma? Results from a time-series study in 10 Canadian cities
Cakmak, S; Dales, RE; Stan Judek, S; Coates, F
2,005
PURPOSE: Social status influences asthma morbidity but the mechanisms are not well understood. To determine if sociodemographics influence the susceptibility to ambient aeroallergens, we determined the association between daily hospitalizations for asthma and daily concentrations of ambient pollens and molds in 10 larg...
0
455,871
Differential expression of melanoma-associated growth factors in keratinocytes and fibroblasts by ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B radiation
Brenner, M; Degitz, K; Besch, R; Berking, C
2,005
Background Besides the direct DNA-damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on cells, indirect effects on the microenvironment of the skin may facilitate melanoma development. A stimulation of growth factor production by cells in the immediate environment of melanocytes may lead to a paracrine activation and proli...
0
90,181
Characterization of a spatial gradient of nitrogen dioxide across a United States-Mexico border city during winter
Gonzales, M; Qualls, C; Hudgens, E; Neas, L
2,005
A gradient of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration is demonstrated across metropolitan El Paso, Texas (USA), a city located on the international border between the United States and Mexico. Integrated measurements of NO2 were collected over 7 days at 20 elementary schools and 4 air quality monitoring stations l...
0
191,292
Coordinated activation of metabolic pathways for antioxidants and defence compounds by jasmonates and their roles in stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Sasaki-Sekimoto, Y; Taki, N; Obayashi, T; Aono, M; Matsumoto, F; Sakurai, N; Suzuki, H; Hirai, MY; Noji, M; Saito, K; Masuda, T; Takamiya, K; Shibata, D; Ohta, H
2,005
Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), collectively termed jasmonates, are ubiquitous plant signalling compounds. Several types of stress conditions, such as wounding and pathogen infection, cause endogenous JA accumulation and the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes. Although jasmonates are important sig...
0
694,685
Air pollution assessment in Shiraz by passive sampling techniques
Hadad, K; Safavi, A; Tahon, R
2,005
The air quality in Shiraz was assessed based on a one-week passive sampling campaign. During the first week of the summer 2003, about 400 passive samplers were used in groups of two and three, so that 187 sampling stations covered all of Shiraz. Pollutant gases including SO2, NO2 and BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene) w...
0
191,688
Structural characterization of phytotoxic terpenoids from Cestrum parqui
D'Abrosca, B; DellaGreca, M; Fiorentino, A; Monaco, P; Natale, A; Oriano, P; Zarrelli, A
2,005
Isolation, chemical characterization and phytotoxicity of nine polyhydroxylated terpenes (five C-13 nor-isoprenoids, two sesquiterpenes, a spirostane and a pseudosapogenin) from Cestrum parqui L'Herr are reported. In this work we completed the phytochemical investigation of the terpenic fraction of the plant and descri...
0
483,658
Modulatory effects of ozone on THP-1 cells in response to SP-A stimulation
Janic, B; Umstead, TM; Phelps, DS; Floros, J
2,005
Ozone (O-3), a major component of air pollution and a strong oxidizing agent, can lead to lung injury associated with edema, inflammation, and epithelial cell damage. The effects of O-3 on pulmonary immune cells have been studied in various in vivo and in vitro systems. We have shown previously that O-3 exposure of sur...
0
88,677
Association of criteria pollutants with plasma hemostatic/inflammatory markers: A population-based study
Liao, D; Heiss, G; Chinchilli, VM; Duan, Y; Folsom, AR; Lin, HM; Salomaa, V
2,005
To elucidate the health effects of air pollution, the short-term association of criteria pollutants (particles <10 microm in diameter [PM(10)], O(3), CO, NO(2), and SO(2)) with hemostatic and inflammatory markers were examined using a population-based sample of 10,208 middle-age males and females of the biracial cohort...
1
2,095,457
Determining the frequency of open windows in residences: a pilot study in Durham, North Carolina during varying temperature conditions
Johnson, T; Long, T
2,005
Air pollution exposures in the residential microenvironment can be significantly affected by air exchange rate (AER). A number of studies have shown that AER in residences is significantly affected by the number and location of open windows and doors. A pilot study was conducted in Durham, North Carolina, to determine ...
0
670,422
Sun exposure, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and risk of advanced prostate cancer
John, EM; Schwartz, GG; Koo, J; Van Den Berg, D; Ingles, SA
2,005
Substantial experimental evidence indicates that the hormonal form of vitamin D promotes the differentiation and inhibits the proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis of human prostatic cancer cells. Results from epidemiologic studies of vitamin D status and/or vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and prostate can...
0
57,015
Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models for summer ozone exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality
Huang, Y; Dominici, F; Bell, ML
2,005
In this article we develop Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models for estimating associations between daily variations in summer ozone levels and daily variations in cardiovascular and respiratory (CVDRESP) mortality counts for 19 large U.S. cities included in the National Morbidity, Mortality and Air Pollution S...
0
695,349
Air quality impacts of the October 2003 Southern California wildfires
Phuleria, HC; Fine, PM; Zhu, YF; Sioutas, C
2,005
In Southern California, dry summers followed by hot and dry westerly wind conditions contribute to the region's autumn fire season. In late October 2003, 13 large Southern California wildfires burned more than 750,000 acres of land, destroyed over 3500 structures, and displaced approximately 100,000 people. The fire ep...
0
191,477
Integrated approaches to climate-crop modelling: needs and challenges
Betts, RA
2,005
This paper discusses the need for a more integrated approach to modelling changes in climate and crops, and some of the challenges posed by this. While changes in atmospheric composition are expected to exert an increasing radiative forcing of climate change leading to further warming of global mean temperatures and sh...
0
90,801
Brief exposures to NO2 augment the allergic inflammation in asthmatics
Barck, C; Lundahl, J; Hallden, G; Bylin, G
2,005
Exposure to high ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) enhances the airway reaction in humans to allergen, measured as decreased pulmonary function. We tested whether this NO2 effect is associated with an increased inflammatory response to allergen in the airways. To mimic real-life conditions, in which exposure to ...
0
87,784
North American pollution outflow and the trapping of convectively lifted pollution by upper-level anticyclone
Li, Q; Jacob, DJ; Park, R; Wang, Y; Heald, C
2,005
We examine the major outflow pathways for North American pollution to the Atlantic in summer by conducting a 4-year simulation with the GEOS-CHEM global chemical transport model, including a coupled ozone-aerosol simulation with 1 degree I 1 degree horizontal resolution for summer 2000. The outflow is driven principall...
0
191,373
Elevated CO2 protects poplar (Populus trichocarpa x P-deltoides) from damage induced by O-3: identification of mechanisms
Gardner, SDL; Freer-Smith, PH; Tucker, J; Taylor, G
2,005
CO2 concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere will rise to between 550 and 700 mu L L-1 by 2100 (IPCC 2001). In much of the world, ozone (O-3) is the air pollutant most likely to be having adverse effects on the growth of plants. Here we describe the impacts of CO2 and O-3 episodes ( rising to 100 nL L-1), singly and in...
0
191,608
Physiological and foliar symptom response in the crowns of Prunus serotina, Fraxinus americana and Acer rubrum canopy trees to ambient ozone under forest conditions
Schaub, M; Skelly, JM; Zhang, JW; Ferdinand, JA; Savage, JE; Stevenson, RE; Davis, DD; Steiner, KC
2,005
The crowns of five canopy dominant black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), five white ash (Fraxinus arnericana L.), and six red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees on naturally differing environmental conditions were accessed with scaffold towers within a mixed hardwood forest stand in central Pennsylvania. Ambient ozone concen...
1
191,524
Monitoring and modelling of biosphere/atmosphere exchange of gases and aerosols in Europe
Erisman, JW; Vermeulen, A; Hensen, A; Flechard, C; Dammgen, U; Fowler, D; Sutton, M; Grunhage, L; Tuovinen, JP
2,005
Monitoring and modelling of deposition of air pollutants is essential to develop and evaluate policies to abate the effects related to air pollution and to determine the losses of pollutants from the atmosphere. Techniques for monitoring wet deposition fluxes are widely applied. A recent intercomparison experiment, how...
0
596,394
Role of interleukin-6 in murine airway responses to ozone
Johnston, RA; Schwartzman, IN; Flynt, L; Shore, SA
2,005
This study sought to examine the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ozone (O(3))-induced airway injury, inflammation, and hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Subacute (72 h) exposure to 0.3 ppm O(3) significantly elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, neutrophils, and soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in wil...
1
76,006
Compensation processes of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill) to oxone exposure and drought stress
Inclan, R; Gimeno, BS; Dizengremel, P; Sanchez, M
2,005
A long-term experiment was performed to study the effects of O3 and drought-stress (DS) on Aleppo pine seedlings (Pinus halepensis Mill.) exposed in open-top chambers. Ozone reduced gas exchange rates, ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity (Rubisco), aboveground C and needle N concentrations and C/N r...
0
77,211
Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphisms and ozone-induced change in lung function
Yang, IA; Holz, O; Jorres, RA; Magnussen, H; Barton, SJ; Rodriguez, S; Cakebread, JA; Holloway, JW; Holgate, ST
2,005
#Ozone is a major air pollutant with adverse health effects which exhibit marked inter-individual variability. In mice, regions of genetic linkage with ozone-induced lung injury include the tumor necrosis factor- (TNF), lymphotoxin- (LTA), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and glutathione peroxi...
1
199,243
Contrasting effects of ozone under different water supplies in two Mediterranean tree species
Ribas, A; Penuelas, J; Elvira, S; Gimeno, BS
2,005
The effects of ozone (O-3) exposure under different water availabilities were studied in two Mediterranean tree species: Quercus ilex and Ceratonia siliqua. Plants were exposed to different O-3 concentrations in open top chambers (charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF)) and non-filtered air plus 40 ppb(nu) o...
0
199,211
The mechanism of the ozone-induced changes in thermoluminescence glow curves of barley leaves
Skotnica, J; Gilbert, M; Weingart, I; Wilhelm, C
2,005
The changes in thermoluminescence (TL) signals induced by short-term ozone exposure of leaves are characterized by a down-shift of the peak-temperature of the TL B-band and an increase of a TL band at 55 degrees C. We investigated the relationship of these changes to photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemistry. The changes were...
0
191,313
Ecological background of crown condition, growth and nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Bavarian Alps
Ewald, J
2,005
Using a representative sample of stands from a cross section through the Bavarian portion of the northern Calcareous Alps, this study evaluates the plausibility and significance of causal hypotheses for an explanation of the poor crown condition of Norway spruce in mountain forests: (1) ozone exposure in conjunction wi...
0
989,767
Nitrogen uptake in relation to excess supply and its effects on the lichens Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach and Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr
Gaio-Oliveira, G; Dahlman, L; Palmqvist, K; Martins-Louc?o, MA; Maguas, C
2,005
The aim of this study was to compare the physiological responses to increased nitrogen (N) supply between the nitrophytic lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. and the acidophytic lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. The two lichens were exposed to a weekly dosage of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 or 2.4 g N m(-2) for 2 months, a...
0
87,537
A three-level model for binary time-series data: the effects of air pollution on school absences in the southern California Children's Health Study
Rondeau, V; Berhane, K; Thomas, DC
2,005
A three-level model is proposed to simultaneously examine the effects of daily exposure to air pollution and individual risk factors on health outcomes without aggregating over subjects or time. We used a logistic transition model with random effects to take into account heterogeneity and overdispersion of the observat...
0
191,212
Accumulation of phenolic compounds in birch leaves is changed by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone
Peltonen, PA; Vapaavuori, E; Julkunen-Tiitto, R
2,005
Atmospheric change may affect plant phenolic compounds, which play an important part in plant survival. Therefore, we studied the impacts of CO2 and O-3 on the accumulation of 27 phenolic compounds in the short-shoot leaves of two European silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones (clones 4 and 80). Seven-year-old soil...
0
191,433
Global food insecurity. Treatment of major food crops with elevated carbon dioxide or ozone under large-scale fully open-air conditions suggests recent models may have overestimated future yields
Long, SP; Ainsworth, EA; Leakey, ADB; Morgan, PB
2,005
Predictions of yield for the globe's major grain and legume arable crops suggest that, with a moderate temperature increase, production may increase in the temperate zone, but decline in the tropics. In total, global food supply may show little change. This security comes from inclusion of the direct effect of rising c...
0
695,418
Bivariate spatial process modeling for constructing indicator or intensity weighted spatial CDFs
Short, M; Carlin, BP; Gelfand, AE
2,005
A spatial cumulative distribution function (SCDF) gives the proportion of a spatial domain D having the value of some response variable less than a particular level w. This article provides a fully hierarchical approach to SCDF modeling, using a Bayesian framework implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods...
0
191,218
Amelioration of Indian urban air pollution phytotoxicity in Beta vulgaris L. by modifying NPK nutrients
Singh, A; Agrawal, SB; Rathore, D
2,005
Air pollution levels are increasing at an alarming rate in many developing countries, including India and causing a potential threat to crop production. Field experiments were conducted to examine the impact of urban air pollutants on biomass (yield) and some physiological and biochemical parameters of palak (Beta vulg...
0
597,504
An Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) extract protects mice against ozone-induced lung inflammation
Cisneros, FJ; Jayo, M; Niedziela, L
2,005
Ozone (O(3)) inhalation has been associated with respiratory tract inflammation and lung functional alterations. To characterize the O(3)-induced lung inflammation in mice, the effective dose and exposure time were determined. Total protein levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cytological smears, and lung his...
0
90,204
Sampling of airborne pollutants: strategies and developments
Vogel, M
2,005
null
0
92,759
Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends
Hassan, R; Scholes, R; Ash, N
2,005
null
0
195,747
A study of the energetics of antioxidant action of p-phenylenediamines
Klein, E; Cibulkova, Z; Lukes, V
2,005
A study of seven N,N'-substituted p-phenylenediamine antioxidants is presented. Antioxidants and their radical structures were studied using the PM3 quantum-chemical method in order to calculate the enthalpies of formation of the molecules and of the radicals formed by hydrogen atom abstraction from three possible reac...
0
191,647
Rising temperatures are likely to reduce crop yields
Porter, JR
2,005
[Letter]
0
612,719
Naphthalene distributions and human exposure in Southern California
Lu, R; Wu, J; Turco, RP; Winer, AM; Atkinson, R; Arey, J; Paulson, SE; Lurmann, FW; Miguel, AH; Eiguren-Fernandez, A
2,005
The regional distribution of, and human exposure to, naphthalene are investigated for Southern California. A comprehensive approach is taken in which advanced models are linked for the first time to quantify population exposure to the emissions of naphthalene throughout Southern California. Naphthalene is the simplest ...
0
79,176
Exposure and measurement contributions to estimates of acute air pollution effects
Sheppard, L; Slaughter, JC; Schildcrout, J; Liu, JS; Lumley, T
2,005
Air pollution health effect studies are intended to estimate the effect of a pollutant on a health outcome. The definition of this effect depends upon the study design, disease model parameterization, and the type of analysis. Further limitations are imposed by the nature of exposure and our ability to measure it. We d...
1
191,501
Leaf morphology and chemistry in Fagus sylvatica (beech) trees as affected by site factors and ozone: Results from CONECOFOR permanent monitoring plots in Italy
Bussotti, F; Pancrazi, M; Matteucci, G; Gerosa, G
2,005
During summer 2001, leaf samples were collected from seven beech stands that are part of the Italian network of permanent monitoring plots (CONECOFOR). In each plot, sun leaves from the upper crown were collected from five trees and subjected to chemical analysis (C, N, P, S, K, Ca and Mg) and morphological analysis (a...
0
74,336
A Bayesian semiparametric model for random-effects meta-analysis
Burr, D; Doss, H
2,005
In meta-analysis, there is an increasing trend to explicitly acknowledge the presence of study variability through random-effects models. That is, one assumes that for each study there is a study-specific effect and one is observing an estimate of this latent variable. In a random-effects model, one assumes that these ...
0
180,451
Natural ozone scavenger prevents asthma in sensitized rats
Keinan, E; Alt, A; Amir, G; Bentur, L; Bibi, H; Shoseyov, D
2,005
The assumption that ozone is not only a strong oxidant, but also an important inflammatory mediator, is heavily supported by the ample literature on the pulmonary toxicity and biological effects of environmental ozone and by the recent discovery that antibodies, human neutrophils, and inflammatory lesions catalyze the ...
0
199,329
Effects of tropospheric ozone on potato plants protected by the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA)
Carrasco-Rodriguez, JL; Asensi-Fabado, A; Del Valle-Tascon, S
2,005
To assess the protective effects of diphenylamine (DPA) on yield, DPA- and non-DPA-treated plants of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria) were exposed to ambient air at a rural site in Spain. Concentrations of ambient ozone were high at the site. Untreated plants served as controls. The DPA treatments did not have a ...
0
91,926
Global distribution and sources of dissolved inorganic nitrogen export to the coastal zone: Results from a spatially explicit, global model
Dumont, E; Harrison, JA; Kroeze, C; Bakker, EJ; Seitzinger, SP
2,005
Here we describe, test, and apply a spatially explicit, global model for predicting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export by rivers to coastal waters (NEWS-DIN). NEWS-DIN was developed as part of an internally consistent suite of global nutrient export models. Modeled and measured DIN export values agree well (cali...
0
80,376
Pavirker dipyridamolinfusion ventilationen hos patienter med kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom [Does the administration of dipyridamole affect the ventilatory capacity of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease]?
Nojgaard, C; Sondergaard, SB; Madsen, JL; Moller, S
2,005
null
0
74,096
Air pollution, weather, and respiratory emergency room visits in two northern New England cities: an ecological time-series study
Wilson, AM; Wake, CP; Kelly, T; Salloway, JC
2,005
Daily emergency room (ER) visits for all respiratory (ICD-9 460-519) and asthma (ICD-9 493) were compared with daily sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and weather variables over the period 1998-2000 in Portland, Maine (population 248,000), and 1996-2000 in Manchester, New Hampshire (population 176,000). Seasonal variab...
0
90,976
Clean Air Act, section 302: Definitions, 42 USC ? 7602
null
2,005
null
0