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674,145
Decreased arginine bioavailability and increased serum arginase activity in asthma
Morris, CR; Poljakovic, M; Lavrisha, L; Machado, L; Kuypers, FA; Morris, SM, Jr
2,004
Recent studies suggest that a nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and elevated arginase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although much attention has been directed toward measurements of exhaled NO in asthma, no studies to date have evaluated levels of plasma arginase or arginine, the substrate for NO pr...
1
80,429
Ambient ozone in forests of the Central and Eastern European mountains
Bytnerowicz, A; Godzik, B; Grodzinska, K; Fraczek, W; Musselman, R; Manning, W; Badea, O; Popescu, F; Fleischer, P
2,004
Ambient ozone (O3) concentrations in the forested areas of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) mountains measured on passive sampler networks and in several locations equipped with active monitors are reviewed. Some areas of the Carpathian Mountains, especially in Romania and parts of Poland, as well as the Sumava a...
0
87,578
Formation of oligomers in secondary organic aerosol
Tolocka, M; Jang, PM; Ginter, JM; Cox, FJ; Kamens, RM; Johnston, MV
2,004
#The formation of oligomeric molecules, an important step in secondary organic aerosol production, is reported. Aerosols were produced by the reaction of -pinene and ozone in the presence of acid seed aerosol and characterized by exact mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry. Oligomeric products between 200 and ...
0
57,313
Air pollution and lung function [author's reply]
Gauderman, WJ; Avol, E; Gilliland, F
2,004
N/A.
0
57,184
Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin
Matsumura, Y; Ananthaswamy, HN
2,004
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation present in sunlight is an environmental human carcinogen. The toxic effects of UV from natural sunlight and therapeutic artificial lamps are a major concern for human health. The major acute effects of UV irradiation on normal human skin comprise sunburn inflammation (erythema), tanning, an...
0
130,143
Ozone exposure enhances antigen-presenting activity of interstitial lung cells in rats
Koike, E; Kobayashi, T
2,004
Ozone (O(3)) as a major component of photochemical air pollutants can increase the levels of allergen-specific antibody and may aggravate allergic symptoms. Antigen presentation is one of the factors contributing to allergic symptoms. Our present study is designed to clarify whether O(3) may increase the antigen-presen...
0
88,711
Satellite mapping of rain-induced nitric oxide emissions from soils
Jaegle, L; Martin, RV; Chance, K; Steinberger, L; Kurosu, TP; Jacob, DJ; Modi, AI; Yoboue, V; Sigha-Nkamdjou, L; Galy-Lacaux, C
2,004
We use space-based observations of NO2 columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) to map the spatial and seasonal variations of NO sub(x) emissions over Africa during 2000. The GOME observations show not only enhanced tropospheric NO2 columns from biomass burning during the dry season but also comparabl...
0
87,890
Particulate air pollution and panel studies in children: a systematic review
Ward, DJ; Ayres, JG
2,004
BACKGROUND: Panel studies have been used to investigate the short term effects of outdoor particulate air pollution across a wide range of environmental settings. AIMS: To systematically review the results of such studies in children, estimate summary measures of effect, and investigate potential sources of heterogenei...
0
55,603
Relationship between air pollution and daily mortality in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan
Yang, CY; Chang, CC; Chuang, HY; Tsai, SS; Wu, TN; Ho, CK
2,004
Air pollution has been associated with daily mortality in numerous studies over the past decade. However most of these studies were conducted in the United States and Europe with relatively few done in Asia. In the current study, the association between ambient air pollution and daily mortality in Taipei, Taiwan's larg...
0
95,787
Air pollution and neonatal deaths in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Lin, CA; Pereira, LAA; Nishioka, DC; Conceicao, GMS; Graga, ALF; Saldiva, PHN
2,004
Air pollution has been associated with health effects on different age groups. The present study was designed to assess the impact of daily changes in air pollutants (NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and particle matter (PM10)) on total number of daily neonatal deaths (those that occur between the first and the 28th days of life) in ...
1
651,851
Human papillomavirus type 77 E6 protein selectively inhibits p53-dependent transcription of proapoptotic genes following UV-B irradiation
Giampieri, S; Garcia-Escudero, R; Green, J; Storey, A
2,004
DNA damage, such as that elicited by UV-B, can induce either a cell cycle arrest or apoptosis that can be signalled by the p53 protein through the activation of a number of downstream cellular target genes. In contrast to oncogenic anogenital human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which mediate proteolytic degradation of p53, ...
0
1,003,213
Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere--a review for applicability to hazardous releases
Renard, JJ; Calidonna, SE; Henley, MV
2,004
The physical and chemical mechanisms responsible for the removal of ammonia from the atmosphere have been reviewed. Capture by atmospheric moisture (clouds, rain, fog), surface water (rivers, lakes, seas), and deposition on vegetation and soil constitute the main pathways for ammonia removal from the troposphere. Ammon...
0
89,515
Visits to the emergency room for asthma attacks and short-term variations in air pollution A case-crossover study
Boutin-Forzano, S; Adel, N; Gratecos, L; Jullian, H; Garnier, JM; Ramadour, M; Lanteaume, A; Hamon, M; Lafay, V; Charpin, D
2,004
BACKGROUND: The 'case-crossover' design is a strategy fitted to studying transient effects of intermittent exposure on acute-onset disease occurring shortly after exposure. It has the important advantage of eliminating most confounding variables, allowing a stronger causality inference. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the...
0
191,461
Importance of changing CO2, temperature, precipitation, and ozone on carbon and water cycles of an upland-oak forest: incorporating experimental results into model simulations
Hanson, PJ; Wullschleger, SD; Norby, RJ; Tschaplinski, TJ; Gunderson, CA
2,005
Observed responses of upland-oak vegetation of the eastern deciduous hardwood forest to changing CO2, temperature, precipitation and tropospheric ozone (O-3) were derived from field studies and interpreted with a stand-level model for an 11-year range of environmental variation upon which scenarios of future environmen...
1
80,662
DNA adducts from acetaldehyde: Implications for alcohol-related carcinogenesis
Brooks, P; Theruvathu, J
2,005
Alcoholic beverage consumption is classified as a known human carcinogen, causally related to an increased risk of cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The formation of acetaldehyde from ethanol metabolism seems to be the major mechanism underlying this effect. Acetaldehyde is carcinogenic in rodents and causes ...
0
137,964
Involvement of the thylakoidal NADH-plastoquinone-oxidoreductase complex in the early responses to ozone exposure of barley (Hordeum vulgare L) seedlings
Guera, A; Calatayud, A; Sabater, B; Barreno, E
2,005
oxidoreductase (Ndh) complex in the response against ozone-mediated oxidative stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves was investigated. After a 4 h treatment, exposure of barley seedlings to moderate ozone concentrations produced leaf-age- dependent increases in lipid peroxidation, peroxidase, and Ndh complex...
0
87,413
Air pollution and hospitalization due to angina pectoris in Tehran, Iran: A time-series study
Hosseinpoor, AR; Forouzanfar, MH; Yunesian, M; Asghari, F; Naieni, KH; Farhood, D
2,005
BACKGROUND: Health effects of air pollution have been studied in many different parts of the world. Although a fairly large number of studies have explored the cardiovascular impacts of air pollution, because of its unique location we studied the association between air pollutants and hospital admissions due to angin...
1
191,573
Ozone effects on vegetation in three different localities of Campania region (southern Italy)
Forlani, A; Merola, G; Fagnano, M
2,005
Ozone is a secondary pollutant with a mobility and distribution higher than its precursors (VOCs, NOx), which causes injuries to vegetation in rural areas. The experiment was carried out over three years (2000-2002) in three localities of the Campania region characterized by different elevations (plain and hill) and at...
0
88,673
Effects of ambient particulate matter on peak expiratory flow rates and respiratory symptoms of asthmatics during Asian dust periods in Korea
Park, JW; Lim, YH; Kyung, SY; An, CH; Lee, SP; Jeong, SH; Ju, YS
2,005
OBJECTIVE: Dust generating events frequently produce ambient dust particles that are less than 10 microm in diameter, and these have been linked to adverse effects in the general population. However, the evidence linking these particles to adverse effects on the airways of asthmatic individuals is limited. The objectiv...
1
87,828
Coarse particulate matter and hospitalization for respiratory infections in children younger than 15 years in Toronto: A case-crossover analysis
Lin, M; Stieb, DM; Chen, Y
2,005
Objectives.The purpose of this study was to examine the association between ambient air pollution and hospitalization for respiratory infections among children who were younger than 15 years in Toronto during a 4-year period (1998-2001). Methods.Exposures averaged during periods that varied from 1 to 7 days were used ...
1
655,490
UVB activated pathways in pterygium pathogenesis
Coroneo, MT; Di Girolamo, N; Wakefield, D
2,005
null
0
81,079
Air pollution-associated changes in lung function among asthmatic children in Detroit
Lewis, TC; Robins, TG; Dvonch, JT; Keeler, GJ; Yip, FY; Mentz, GB; Lin, X; Parker, EA; Israel, BA; Gonzalez, L; Hill, Y
2,005
In a longitudinal cohort study of primary-school-age children with asthma in Detroit, Michigan, we examined relationships between lung function and ambient levels of particulate matter </= 10 'mu'm and </= 2.5 'mu'm in diameter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone at varying lag intervals using generalized estimating equations. ...
1
191,581
Ozone has dramatic effects on the regulation of the prechorismate pathway in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel W3)
Janzik, I; Preiskowski, S; Kneifel, H
2,005
The accumulation of aromatic secondary metabolites is a well-known element of the plant response to ozone. Most of these metabolites are synthesized via the three aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Before branching, the biosynthetic pathway to the three amino acids shares seven enzymatic steps...
1
126,581
On the prediction of air and pollutant exchange rates in street canyons of different aspect ratios using large-eddy simulation
Liu, CH; Leung, DYC; Barth, MC
2,005
This study employs a large-eddy simulation (LES) technique to predict the air exchange rate (ACH) and pollutant exchange rate (PCH) for street canyons of aspect ratio (h/b, building-height-to-street-width) 0.5, 1, and 2.0 at a Reynolds number (Re) of 12,000 and a Schmidt number (Sc) of 0.72. The air ventilation and pol...
0
158,021
Integrated Assessment Modeling of Atmospheric Pollutants in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Part I: Hourly and Seasonal Ozone
Boylan, JW; Odman, MT; Wilkinson, JG; Russell, AG; Doty, KG; Norris, WB; Mcnider, RT
2,005
Recently, a comprehensive air quality modeling system was developed as part of the Southern Appalachians Mountains Initiative (SAMI) with the ability to simulate meteorology, emissions, ozone, size- and compositionresolved particulate matter, and pollutant deposition fluxes. As part of SAMI, the RAMS/EMS-95/URM-1ATM mo...
0
778,756
Tropospheric bromine chemistry and its impacts on ozone: A model study
Yang, X; Cox, RA; Warwick, NJ; Pyle, JA; Carver, GD; O'connor, FM; Savage, NH
2,005
An off-line three-dimensional tropospheric chemical transport model, parallel Tropospheric Off-Line Model of Chemistry and Transport (p-TOMCAT), has been extended by incorporating a detailed bromine chemistry scheme that contains gas-phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions on both cloud particles and background aer...
1
199,280
Monoterpene emissions from Beech (Fagus sylvatica) in a French forest and impact on secondary pollutants formation at regional scale
Moukhtar, S; Bessagnet, B; Rouil, L; Simon, V
2,005
Biogenic emissions from forest, crops, and grasslands are now considered major compounds in photochemical processes. Air quality analyses require more and more accurate input data, particularly emissions. Unfortunately, depending on the type of vegetation, these emissions are not always reliably defined. For example, F...
0
78,309
Genetic aspects of pulmonary responses to inhaled pollutants
Kleeberger, SR
2,005
Air pollution continues to be a major public health concern in industrialized cities throughout the world. Recent population and epidemiological studies that have associated ozone and particulate exposures with morbidity and mortality outcomes underscore the important detrimental effects of these pollutants on the lung...
0
78,340
Epithelial and inflammatory responses in the airways of laboratory rats coexposed to ozone and biogenic substances: Enhancement of toxicant-induced airway injury
Harkema, JR; Wagner, JG
2,005
People are often concurrently exposed to more than one air pollutant whether they are in outdoor or indoor environments. Therefore, inhalation studies that are designed to examine the toxicity of coexposures to two or more airborne toxicants may be more relevant for assessing human health risks than those studies that ...
1
1,083,245
[The role of measurement of exhaled nitric oxide in asthma patients]
Zietkowski, Z; Bodzenta-Lukaszyk, A; Tomasiak, MM; Skiepko, R
2,005
The aim of the study was to evaluate exhaled nitric oxide levels (F(ENO)) in asthmatics and to establish the possible correlation of these measurements with clinical symptoms, disease severity, anti-inflammatory treatment and spirometric indices. The measurement of exhaled NO was performed using NO analyser model 280i,...
0
191,413
Forest remnants along urban-rural gradients: Examining their potential for global change research
Carreiro, MM; Tripler, CE
2,005
Over the next century, ecosystems throughout the world will be responding to rapid changes in climate and rising levels of carbon dioxide, inorganic N and ozone. Because people depend on biological systems for water, food and other ecosystem services, predicting the range of responses to global change for various ecosy...
0
88,154
Changes in motor vehicle emissions on diurnal to decadal time scales and effects on atmospheric composition
Harley, RA; Marr, LC; Lehner, JK; Giddings, SN
2,005
Emissions from gasoline and diesel engines vary on time scales including diurnal, weekly, and decadal. Temporal patterns differ for these two engine types that are used predominantly for passenger travel and goods movement, respectively. Rapid growth in diesel fuel use and decreasing NOx emission rates from gasoline en...
1
156,592
Monitor-to-monitor temporal correlation of air pollution in the contiguous US
Ito, K; De Leon, S; Thurston, GD; Nadas, A; Lippmann, M
2,005
Numerous studies have reported short-term associations between ambient air pollution concentrations and mortality and morbidity. Particulate matter (PM) was often implicated as the most significant predictor of the health outcomes among the various air pollutants. However, a question remains as to the potential role pl...
0
87,554
Differential regulation of the lung endothelin system by urban particulate matter and ozone
Thomson, E; Kumarathasan, P; Goegan, P; Aubin, RA; Vincent, R
2,005
Periodic elevation of ambient particulate matter and ozone levels is linked to acute cardiac morbidity and mortality. Increased plasma levels of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin (ET)-1, a prognostic indicator of cardiac mortality, have been detected in both animal models and humans after exposure to air pollutants...
1
90,436
Iodine oxide in the Dead Sea Valley: evidence for inorganic sources of boundary layer IO
Zingler, J; Platt, U
2,005
The importance of iodine oxide (IO) in tropospheric boundary layer chemistry has been well established in the last decade. Iodine-containing radicals have been detected in regions of high biological productivity. To date, most explanations assume biogenic precursors (e.g., emission of iodocarbons). In a 2 week field ca...
0
90,126
Influence of tree species on forest nitrogen retention in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA
Templer, PH; Lovett, GM; Weathers, KC; Findlay, SE; Dawson, TE
2,005
This study examines the effect of four tree species on nitrogen (N) retention within forested catchments of the Catskill Mountains, New York (NY). We conducted a 300-day 15N field tracer experiment to determine how N moves through soil, microbial, and plant pools under different tree species and fertilization regimes. ...
0
81,080
Acute blood pressure responses in healthy adults during controlled air pollution exposures
Urch, B; Silverman, F; Corey, P; Brook, JR; Lukic, KZ; Rajagopalan, S; Brook, RD
2,005
Exposure to air pollution has been shown to cause arterial vasoconstriction and alter autonomic balance. Because these biologic responses may influence systemic hemodynamics, we investigated the effect of air pollution on blood pressure (BP). Responses during 2-hr exposures to concentrated ambient fine particles (parti...
1
190,596
Efficacy of climate forcings
Hansen, J; Sato, M; Ruedy, R; Nazarenko, L; Lacis, A; Schmidt, GA; Russell, G; Aleinov, I; Bauer, M; Bauer, S; Bell, N; Cairns, B; Canuto, V; Chandler, M; Cheng, Y; Del Genio, A; Faluvegi, G; Fleming, E; Friend, A; Hall, T; Jackman, C; Kelley, M; Kiang, N; Koch, D; Lean, J; Lerner, J; Lo, K; Menon, S; Miller, R; Minnis...
2,005
We use a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many climate forcing agents for producing climate change. We find a substantial range in the 'efficacy' of different forcings, where the efficacy is the global temperature response per unit forcing relative to the response to CO sub(2) forcing. Anthropogenic...
1
597,607
Effects of ambient ozone on the procoagulant status and systemic inflammatory response
Hermans, C; Deneys, V; Bergamaschi, E; Bernard, A
2,005
null
0
195,268
The evaluation of electrical energy per order (E(Eo)) for photooxidative decolorization of four textile dye solutions by the kinetic model
Daneshvar, N; Aleboyeh, A; Khataee, AR
2,005
Photooxidative decolorization of four textile dyestuffs, C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7), C.I. Acid Orange 8 (AO8), C.I. Acid Orange 52 (AO52) and C.I. Acid Blue 74 (AB74), by UV/H2O2 was investigated in a laboratory scale photoreactor equipped with a 15 W low pressure mercury vapour lamp. The decolorization of the dyes was f...
0
596,378
Brain thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in rats after short periods of ozone exposure
Escalante-Membrillo, C; Gonzalez-Maciel, A; Reynoso-Robles, R; Gonzalez-Pina, R
2,005
It has been proposed that molecules derived from reactions that occur between the ozone and the lung tissue mediate nonpulmonary effects caused by ozone exposure. Free radicals are among those proposed molecules that flow throughout the bloodstream to other organs producing lipid peroxidation. In order to elucidate on ...
0
651,822
DNA lesions induced by UV A1 and B radiation in human cells: Comparative analyses in the overall genome and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene
Besaratinia, A; Synold, TW; Chen, HH; Chang, C; Xi, BX; Riggs, AD; Pfeifer, GP
2,005
The UV components of sunlight (UVA and UVB) are implicated in the etiology of human skin cancer. The underlying mechanism of action for UVB carcinogenicity is well defined; however, the mechanistic involvement of UVA in carcinogenesis is not fully delineated. We investigated the genotoxicity of UVA1 versus UVB in the o...
0
196,942
Meteorological factors and air pollution in Lithuanian forests: Possible effects on tree condition
Ozolincius, R; Stakenas, V; Serafinaviciute, B
2,005
This study investigates changes in tree condition and environmental factors in Lithuania during the active growing season in 1991-2001. The average crown defoliation and the proportion of healthy trees of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Alnus incana, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, and ...
0
672,965
Impacts of greenhouse gases on epicuticular waxes of Populus tremuloides Michx.: Results from an open-air exposure and a natural O3 gradient
Mankovska, B; Percy, KE; Karnosky, DF
2,005
Epicuticular waxes of three trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones differing in O3 tolerance were examined over six growing seasons (1998?2003) at three bioindicator sites in the Lake States region of the USA and at FACTS II (Aspen FACE) site in Rhinelander, WI. Differences in epicuticular wax structure we...
1
74,335
The importance of weak absorption features in promoting tropospheric radical production
Sinha, A; Matthews, J; Francisco, JS
2,005
Atmospheric field measurement and modeling studies have long noted discrepancies between observation and predictions of OH and HO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Novel photochemical mechanisms have been proposed to explain these differences. Although inclusion of these additional sources improves agreement, they are...
0
199,433
California black oak response to nitrogen amendment at a high O3, nitrogen-saturated site
Grulke, NE; Dobrowolski, W; Mingus, P; Fenn, ME
2,005
in a nitrogen (N) saturated forest downwind from Los Angeles, California, the cumulative response to long-term background-N and N-amendment on black oak (Quercus kelloggii) was described in a below-average and average precipitation year. Monthly measurements of leaf and branch growth, gas exchange, and canopy health at...
1
75,930
Effects of simultaneous ozone exposure and nitrogen loads on carbohydrate concentrations, biomass, and growth of young spruce trees (Picea abies)
Thomas, VFD; Braun, S; Fluckiger, W
2,005
Spruce saplings were grown under different nitrogen fertilization regimes in eight chamberless fumigation systems, which were fumigated with either charcoal-filtered (F) or ambient air (O3). After the third growing season trees were harvested for biomass and non-structural carbohydrate analysis. Nitrogen had an overal...
1
180,173
Does living in elevated CO2 ameliorate tree response to ozone? A review on stomatal responses
Paoletti, E; Grulke, NE
2,005
Short-term elevated O3 reduces photosynthesis, which reduces stomatal conductance ( gs) in response to increased substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci). Further exposure causes stomata to become sluggish in response to environmental stimuli. Exposure to elevated CO2 stimulates rapid stomata closure in response to increased...
1
187,019
Establishing a cause and effect relationship for ambient ozone exposure and tree growth in the forest: Progress and an experimental approach
Manning, W
2,005
Much has been written about the effects of ambient ozone on tree growth. Cause and effect has been established with seedlings in chambers. Results from multi-year studies with older tree seedlings, in open-top chambers, have been inconclusive, due to chamber effects. Extrapolation of results from chambers to trees in t...
0
82,983
Chemical characterization of emissions from advanced technology light-duty
Graham, L
2,005
Results of detailed emissions measurements of seven 2000 model year advanced technology vehicles are reported. Six of the seven vehicles were imported from Europe and Japan and are not yet available for sale in Canada. Three of the vehicles were with direct injection diesel (DDI) technology, three with gasoline direct ...
0
193,194
Net radiative forcing due to changes in regional emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors
Naik, V; Mauzerall, D; Horowitz, L; Schwarzkopf, MD; Ramaswamy, V; Oppenheimer, M
2,005
The global distribution of tropospheric ozone (O3) depends on the emission of precursors, chemistry, and transport. For small perturbations to emissions, the global radiative forcing resulting from changes in O3 can be expressed as a sum of forcings from emission changes in different regions. Tropospheric O3 is conside...
1
196,430
Sputum induction and bronchoscopy for assessment of ozone-induced airway inflammation in asthma
Arjomandi, M; Schmidlin, I; Girling, P; Boylen, K; Ferrando, R; Balmes, J
2,005
BACKGROUND: Neutrophilic airway inflammation, as defined by cell counts in respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF), is a key end point in many studies of respiratory toxicity in both healthy and asthmatic subjects. BAL and sputum induction (SI) are the most common methods of sampling RTLF in such studies. However, the co...
0
191,651
Role of ethylene in the regulation of cell death and leaf loss in ozone-exposed European beech
Nunn, AJ; Anegg, S; Betz, G; Simons, S; Kalisch, G; Seidlitz, HK; Grams, TEE; Haberle, KH; Matyssek, R; Bahnweg, G; Sandermann, H; Langebartels, C
2,005
To test the involvement of ethylene in mediating ozone-induced cell death and leaf loss in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), tree seedlings were exposed to proportionally increased or decreased field ozone levels for up to 6 months. Ozone treatment caused cell death and accelerated leaf loss at higher than ambient l...
0
595,174
Learning to see the invisible: Discovery and measurement of ozone
Farrell, AE
2,005
Ozone is a key trace constituent of the atmosphere that is interesting for multiple reasons, including its ability to serve both as a screen against harmful solar radiation and as an aggressor against human health. However, methods for accurately detecting and measuring ozone were required before the behavior of ozone ...
0
86,323
A case-crossover analysis of out-of-hospital coronary deaths and air pollution in Rome, Italy
Forastiere, F; Stafoggia, M; Picciotto, S; Bellander, T; D'Ippoliti, D; Lanki, T; Von Klot, S; Nyberg, F; Paatero, P; Peters, A; Pekkanen, J; Sunyer, J; Perucci, CA
2,005
RATIONALE: Out-of-hospital coronary heart disease death is a major public health problem, but the association with air pollution is not well understood. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between daily ambient air pollution levels (particle number concentration [PNC]--a proxy for ultrafine particles [diameter < 0...
0
694,805
The search for non-linear exposure-response relationships at ambient levels in environmental epidemiology
Lippmann, M
2,005
Environmental exposures to ambient air particulate matter (PM), ozone (O(3)), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and to dioxin and related compounds are of considerable public health concern, and risk assessments for them have generally been based on linear, non-threshold models derived from epidemiological study data....
0
89,878
Airflow limitation and changes in pulmonary function among bleachery workers
Mehta, AJ; Henneberger, PK; Toren, K; Olin, AC
2,005
This study investigated whether chronic airflow limitation and rapid decline in pulmonary function were associated with peak exposures to ozone and other irritant gases in pulp mills. Bleachery workers potentially exposed to irritant gassings (n = 178) from three Swedish pulp mills, and a comparison group of workers no...
0
191,383
Estimation of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in subtropical island - Taiwan
Chang, KH; Chen, TF; Huang, HC
2,005
Elevated tropospheric ozone is harmful to human health and plants. It is formed through the photochemical reactions involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The elevated ozone episodes occur mainly in summer months in the United States, while the high-ozone episodes frequently occur during...
0
87,438
The short-term effects of air pollution on hospital admissions in four Australian cities
Simpson, R; Williams, G; Petroeschevsky, A; Best, T; Morgan, G; Denison, L; Hinwood, A; Neville, G
2,005
#BACKGROUND: This paper examines the short-term health effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions in Australian cities (those considered comprise more than 50% of the Australian population) for the period 1996-99. METHODS: The study used a similar protocol to overseas studies and derived single city and pool...
1
87,439
The short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality in four Australian cities
Simpson, R; Williams, G; Petroeschevsky, A; Best, T; Morgan, G; Denison, L; Hinwood, A; Neville, G; Neller, A
2,005
Objective: To examine the short-term health effects of air pollution on daily mortality in four Australian cities (Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney), where more than 50% of Australians reside. Methods: The study used a similar protocol to APHEA2 (Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach) study and derived si...
0
616,420
Clearing the air: A model for investigating indoor air quality in Texas schools
Petronella, SA; Thomas, R; Stone, JA; Goldblum, RM; Brooks, EG
2,005
This pilot project focused on the assessment of indoor air quality at a local high school in Galveston, Texas, using methods based on guidelines for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools program. Tools for Schools, developed for evaluating and ensuring acceptable air quality fo...
0
90,270
The Steubenville Comprehensive Air Monitoring Program (SCAMP): analysis of short-term and episodic variations in PM25 concentrations using hourly air monitoring data
Connell, DP; Withum, JA; Winter, SE; Statnick, RM
2,005
One-hour average ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 um (PM2.5) were determined in Steubenville, OH, between June 2000 and May 2002 with a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). Hourly average gaseous copollutant [carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitr...
0
191,693
Temporal evolution of the Arabidopsis oxidative stress response
Mahalingam, R; Shah, N; Scrymgeour, A; Fedoroff, N
2,005
We have carried out a detailed analysis of the changes in gene expression levels in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0) plants during and for 6 h after exposure to ozone (O-3) at 350 parts per billion (ppb) for 6 h. This O-3 exposure is sufficient to induce a marked transcriptional response and an oxidative b...
1
631,198
Redox homeostasis and antioxidant signaling: A metabolic interface between stress perception and physiological responses
Foyer, CH; Noctor, G
2,005
Low molecular weight antioxidants, such as ascorbate, glutathione, and tocopherol, are information-rich redox buffers that interact with numerous cellular components. In addition to crucial roles in defense and as enzyme cofactors, cellular antioxidants influence plant growth and development by modulating processes fro...
1
191,667
Senescing grass crops as regional sources of reactive volatile organic compounds
Karl, T; Harren, F; Warneke, C; de Gouw, J; Grayless, C; Fall, R
2,005
[1] Grass crop species, rice and sorghum, that are widely grown in the southeastern Texas region were analyzed for release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated leaf-drying/senescence experiments. VOC release was measured by both online proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and proton...
0
79,874
Measurement of particle-bound reactive oxygen species in Rubidoux aerosols
Venkatachari, P; Hopke, PK; Grover, BD; Eatough, DJ
2,005
The diurnal variations in the concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various size fractions were determined for ambient particles in Rubidoux, CA. Sampling of particles was conducted at 3 h intervals using a cascade impactor. The collected particles were reacted with dichlorofluorescin ( DCFH), a non-fluore...
0
90,184
Effect of short-term exposure to low levels of gaseous pollutants on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations
Yang, Q; Chen, Y; Krewski, D; Burnett, RT; Shi, Y; McGrail, KM
2,005
We examined the associations between gaseous pollutants and hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) among elderly people living in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, a city in which ambient air pollution levels are relatively low. We regressed the logarithm of daily counts of acute COPD hosp...
1
195,842
Comparative simulation of gas transport in airway models of rat, dog, and human
Tsujino, I; Kawakami, Y; Kaneko, A
2,005
Although a number of animal studies have been conducted to investigate the toxic effects of gaseous pollutants on human airways, the anatomical and physiological differences between animals and humans represent a challenge in extrapolating the animal data to humans. The aim of this study was to examine how interspecies...
1
89,443
Increased resting heart rate with pollutants in a population based study
Ruidavets, JB; Cassadou, S; Cournot, M; Bataille, V; Meybeck, M; Ferrieres, J
2,005
BACKGROUND: Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular mortality. Changes in the autonomic nervous system may contribute to cardiac arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality. This study investigated the relations between air pollutant concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O2), nitric dioxide (NO2), and re...
1
191,555
Oxidant and antioxidant signalling in plants: A re-evaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context
Foyer, CH; Noctor, G
2,005
While the chemical nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dictates that they are potentially harmful to cells, recent genetic evidence suggests that in planta purely physicochemical damage may be much more limited than previously thought. The most potentially deleterious effect of ROS under most conditions is that at ...
1
121,742
Hydrocarbon emissions from industrial release events in the Houston-Galveston area and their impact on ozone formation
Murphy, CF; Allen, DT
2,005
Ambient measurements have shown that ozone formation in the Houston-Galveston area of Texas is frequently much more rapid than in other urban areas. One of the contributing factors is believed to be short-term episodic or "event" emissions from industrial facilities, particularly releases that contain significant mass ...
0
179,965
Predicting the effects of tropospheric ozone on regional productivity of ponderosa pine and white fir
Weinstein, DA; Laurence, JA; Retzlaff, WA; Kern, JS; Lee, EH; Hogsett, WE; Weber, J
2,005
We simulated forest dynamics of the regional ponderosa pine?white fir conifer forest of the San Bernadino and Sierra Nevada mountains of California to determine the effects of high ozone concentrations over the next century and to compare the responses to our similar study for loblolly pine forests of the southeast. As...
1
87,789
Summertime ambient formaldehyde in five US metropolitan areas: Nashville, Atlanta, Houston, Philadelphia, and Tampa
Dasgupta, PK; Li, J; Zhang, G; Luke, WT; Mcclenny, WA; Stutz, J; Fried, A
2,005
First, we briefly review the atmospheric chemistry and previous intercomparison measurements for HCHO, with special reference to the diffusion scrubber Hantzsch reaction based fluorescence instrument used in the field studies reported herein. Then we discuss summertime HCHO levels in five major U.S. cities measured ove...
0
88,377
Management of tropospheric ozone by reducing methane emissions
West, JJ; Fiore, AM
2,005
#Background concentrations of tropospheric ozone are increasing and are sensitive to methane emissions, yet methane mitigation is currently considered only for climate change. Methane control is shown here to be viable for ozone management. Identified global abatement measures can reduce ~10% of anthropogenic methane e...
0
191,295
Cultivar-specific impairment of strawberry growth, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and nitrogen accumulation by ozone
Keutgen, AJ; Noga, G; Pawelzik, E
2,005
In a 2-year study, fruiting plants of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. `Korona' and `Elsanta' were exposed for 2 months to 78 ppb ozone on average or filtered air without ozone in controlled environment chambers. Plant growth, photosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation, and macronutrient concentrations were in...
1
87,895
Impact of ambient air pollution on birth weight in Sydney, Australia
Mannes, T; Jalaludin, B; Morgan, G; Lincoln, D; Sheppeard, V; Corbett, S
2,005
BACKGROUND: Studies in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have provided evidence that ambient air pollution may have an adverse effect on birth weight, although results are not consistent. METHODS: Average exposure during pregnancy to five common air pollutants was estimated for births in metropolitan Sydney between 1998 a...
1
191,523
Modulation of plant ion channels by oxidizing and reducing agents
Scholz-Starke, J; Gambale, F; Carpaneto, A
2,005
Ion channels are proteins forming hydrophilic pathways through the membranes of all living organisms. They play important roles in the electrogenic transport of ions and metabolites. Because of biophysical properties Such as high selectivity for the permeant ion, high turnover rate, and modulation by physico-chemical p...
0
75,897
Comparison of ozone uptake and sensitivity between a phytotron study with young beech and a field experiment with adult beech (Fagus sylvatica)
Nunn, AJ; Kozovits, AR; Reiter, IM; Heerdt, C; Leuchner, M; Lutz, C; Liu, X; Low, M; Winkler, JB; Grams, TEE; Haberle, KH; Werner, H; Fabian, P; Rennenberg, H; Matyssek, R
2,005
#Chamber experiments on juvenile trees have resulted in severe injury and accelerated loss of leaves along with reduced biomass production under chronically enhanced O3 levels. In contrast, the few studies conducted on adult forest trees in the field have reported low O3 sensitivity. In the present study, young beech i...
0
93,257
Ozone air pollution and daily mortality in Genoa, Italy between 1993 and 1996
Parodi, S; Vercelli, M; Garrone, E; Fontana, V; Izzotti, A
2,005
The association between ozone (O3) and daily mortality was investigated in Genoa, an Italian city characterized by a Mediterranean climate and a high prevalence of elderly inhabitants. The O3 effect, adjusted for long time trend, seasonality and weather, was assessed using Poisson regression modelling, allowing for ove...
0
651,838
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: Atypical presentation of HIV
De Silva, DJ; Tumuluri, K; Joshi, N
2,005
Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the conjunctiva is uncommon in Western countries. A Nigerian patient who presented with right lower lid swelling treated as a chalazion is described here. She re-presented 5 months later with widespread metastatic conjunctival SCC and positive HIV serology. Conjunctival SCC m...
0
87,962
Inhalation of concentrated particulate matter produces pulmonary inflammation and systemic biological effects in compromised rats
Cassee, FR; Boere, AJF; Fokkens, PHB; Leseman, DLAC; Sioutas, C; Kooter, IM; Dormans, JAMA
2,005
Although significant progress has been made over the past few years, there is still debate on the causal fractions that are responsible for particulate matter (PM)-associated adverse health effects. A series of 1-d inhalation exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) were performed in compromised rats, focusin...
0
597,593
Sequential exposures to ozone and lipopolysaccharide in postnatal lung enhance or inhibit cytokine responses
Johnston, CJ; Holm, BA; Finkelstein, JN
2,005
Sequential exposures to inhaled environmental pollutants may result in injuries/responses not predicted by evaluating exposures to an individual toxicant. This may indicate that the lung is damaged or primed by earlier events, so exposure to a nontoxic dose of an environmental pollutant may be sufficient to trigger adv...
0
73,849
Air pollution and childhood asthma emergency hospital admissions: estimating intra-city regional variations
Erbas, B; Kelly, AM; Physick, B; Code, C; Edwards, M
2,005
In recent years childhood asthma has increased. Although the precipitants of childhood asthma are yet to be established possible contributing factors are local ambient air pollutants. This study aims to assess associations of regional ambient air pollutants on emergency department childhood asthma presentations across ...
0
75,848
Effects of elevated ozone on leaf "delta"13C and leaf conductance of plant species grown in semi-natural grassland with or without irrigation
Jaggi, M; Saurer, M; Volk, M; Fuhrer, J
2,005
Stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) and leaf conductance (g(s)) were measured (2002, 2003) in Holcus lanatus L., Plantago lanceolata L. Ranunculus friesianus (Jord.), and Trifolium pratense L. at two levels of ozone (O-3) with or without irrigation. In non-irrigated control plots, R. friesianus showed the least n...
0
91,031
Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space
Richter, A; Burrows, JP; Nuss, H; Granier, C; Niemeier, U
2,005
Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning reduce local air quality and affect global tropospheric chemistry. Nitrogen oxides are emitted by all combustion processes and play a key part in the photochemically induced catalytic production of ozone, which results in summer smog and has increased levels of ...
0
93,082
Unifying susceptibility, exposure, and time: discussion of unifying analytic approaches and future directions
Kunzli, N
2,005
This article reviews design and analysis concepts associated with the following major issues in air pollution epidemiology: (1) time-related determinants of health effects, including duration of exposure and disentangling acute effects and total life-shortening associated with long-term exposure; and (2) the role of ge...
0
79,326
Acute air pollution effects: Consequences of exposure distribution and measurements
Sheppard, L
2,005
Acute effect air pollution studies estimate the effect of short-term change in exposure on a health outcome. The two designs most commonly used in air pollution epidemiology are panel studies and time-series studies. Typically, both designs rely on ambient concentration measurements and not the personal exposures of in...
1
95,555
Ozone effects on forest ecosystems under a changing global environment
Karnosky, DF
2,005
null
0
87,386
Mortality and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution: ongoing analyses based on the American Cancer Society cohort
Krewski, D; Burnett, R; Jerrett, M; Pope, CA; Rainham, D; Calle, E; Thurston, G; Thun, M
2,005
This article provides an overview of previous analysis and reanalysis of the American Cancer Society (ACS) cohort, along with an indication of current ongoing analyses of the cohort with additional follow-up information through to 2000. Results of the first analysis conducted by Pope et al. (1995) showed that higher av...
0
87,912
Revised analyses of the national morbidity, mortality, and air pollution study: Mortality among residents of 90 cities
Dominici, F; McDermott, A; Daniels, M; Zeger, SL; Samet, JM
2,005
This article presents findings from updated analyses of data from 90 U.S. cities assembled for the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS). The data were analyzed with a generalized additive model (GAM) using the gamfunction in S-Plus (with default convergence criteria previously used and with m...
0
191,548
On the different sensitivity of white clover clones to ozone: Physiological and biochemical parameters in a multivariate approach
Nali, C; Pucciariello, C; Mills, G; Lorenzini, G
2,005
This study analyses the physiological and biochemical basis of chronic ozone exposure (60 ppb for 56 days, 5 h day(-1)) on NC-S (sensitive) and NC-R (resistant) white clover clones. Analyses were performed after 0, 14, 28 and 56 days of fumigation which corresponded to AOT40 s of 0, 1400, 2800 and 5600 ppb. h, respecti...
0
86,296
Glutathione-S-transferase M1, obesity, statins, and autonomic effects of particles: gene-by-drug-by-environment interaction
Schwartz, J; Park, SK; O'Neill, MS; Vokonas, PS; Sparrow, D; Weiss, S; Kelsey, K
2,005
Rationale: Air pollution by particulate matter (PM) has been associated with cardiovascular deaths, although the mechanism of action is unclear. One proposed pathway is through disturbances of the autonomic control of the heart. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that such disturbances are mediated by PM increasing ...
0
595,105
Improvement in real time detection and selectivity of phthalocyanine gas sensors dedicated to oxidizing pollutants evaluation
Brunet, J; Pauly, A; Mazet, L; Germain, J; Bouvet, M; Malezieux, B
2,005
A sensor microsystem prototype, using copper phthalocyanine thin film as sensitive layer, and dedicated to ozone evaluation, was developed. The methodology implemented is based on cyclic sensor recalibrations by thermal cleaning of the sensitive membrane, and on pollutant concentration quantification according to the k...
0
186,928
Future effects of ozone on carbon sequestration and climate change policy using a global biogeochemical model
Felzer, B; Reilly, J; Melillo, J; Kicklighter, D; Sarofim, M; Wang, C; Prinn, R; Zhuang, Q
2,005
Exposure of plants to ozone inhibits photosynthesis and therefore reduces vegetation production and carbon sequestration. The reduced carbon storage would then require further reductions in fossil fuel emissions to meet a given CO2 concentration target, thereby increasing the cost of meeting the target. Simulations wit...
1
191,345
Effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O-3 on decomposition of fine roots
Chapman, JA; King, JS; Pregitzer, KS; Zak, DR
2,005
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration ([CO2]) could alter terrestrial carbon (C) cycling by affecting plant growth, litter chemistry and decomposition. How the concurrent increase in tropospheric ozone (O-3) concentration ([O-3]) will interact with rising atmospheric [CO2] to affect C cycling is unknown...
1
195,718
Uptake of ozone in human lungs and its relationship to local physiological response
Reeser, WH; Lee, GM; Taylor, A; Wang, L; Arnold, SF; Ultman, JS; Ben-Jebria, A
2,005
To investigate whether intersubject variations in the dose of inhaled ozone (O3) cause corresponding variations in the physiological response, 28 female and 32 male nonsmokers participated in a 1-h continuous inhalation of clean air or 0.25 ppm O3 while exercising on a cycle ergometer at a constant ventilation rate of ...
1
79,142
Comparative responses of container- versus ground-grown soybean to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone
Booker, FL; Miller, JE; Fiscus, EL; Pursley, WA; Stefanski, LA
2,005
In studies of CO2?enrichment effects on plants, the applicability of results derived from experiments using container-grown plants for predictions of future crop performance in a CO2?enriched atmosphere has been questioned. Concerns also have been expressed about plant growth studies with the air pollutant O3 in pot-gr...
0
630,287
Tropospheric ozone evolution between 1890 and 1990
Lamarque, JF; Hess, P; Emmons, L; Buja, L; Washington, W; Granier, C
2,005
In this study, we have performed a set of simulations to detail the evolution of tropospheric ozone from 1890 to 1990. The simulations are compared with available measurements for present-day conditions and earlier. Using our best estimates of ozone precursors emissions (based on the work by van Aardenne et al. (2001))...
1
191,703
Tropospheric ozone and winter wheat production in England and Wales: A note
Shankar, B; Neeliah, H
2,005
Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant thought to reduce crop yields across Europe. Much experimental scientific work has been completed or is currently underway to quantify yield effects at ambient ozone levels. In this research, we seek to directly evaluate whether such effects are observed at the farm level. This is...
0
88,988
Association between nitrogen dioxide and heart rate variability in a susceptible population
Chan, CC; Chuang, KJ; Su, TC; Lin, LY
2,005
BACKGROUND: Panel studies have shown a consistent association between changes in the cardiac autonomic nervous system with particulate matters (PM) but less with gaseous pollutants. This study examined the linkage between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and heart rate variability (HRV) in a susceptible population. METHODS: We r...
1