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88,089
Air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants
null
2,006
Tropospheric or surface-level ozone (O3) is one of six major air pollutants regulated by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) under the U.S. Clean Air Act. As mandated by the Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must periodically review the scientific bases (or criteria) for the vario...
1
695,450
Influence of ozone-limonene reactions on perceived air quality
Tamas, G; Weschler, CJ; Toftum, J; Fanger, PO
2,006
This study conducted short-term assessments of perceived air quality (PAQ) for six different realistic concentrations of ozone and limonene, separately or together, in room air. The impact of filtration and the influence of the ozone generation method were also examined. The evaluations were made in four identical 40 m...
0
89,190
Estimating contributions of outdoor fine particles to indoor concentrations and personal exposures: Effects of household characteristics and personal activities
null
2,006
A study of personal, indoor, and outdoor exposure to PM2.5 and associated elements has been carried out for 37 residents of the Research Triangle Park area in North Carolina. Participants were monitored for 7 consecutive days in each of four seasons. One goal of the study was to estimate the contribution of outdoor PM2...
1
133,972
Local and regional contributions to springtime ozone in the Osaka metropolitan area, estimated from aircraft observations
Itano, Y; Wakamatsu, S; Hasegawa, S; Ohara, T; Sugata, S; Hayasaki, M; Moriya, T; Kobayashi, S
2,006
Vertical profiles of springtime ozone (O-3) over the Osaka metropolitan area in Japan were investigated by means of aircraft-based observations in March 2001 (Period 1) and March 2003 (Period 11). The observations in Period I were carried out during an episode of high O-3 concentration under stagnant meteorological con...
0
89,806
Alaskan and Canadian forest fires exacerbate ozone pollution over Houston, Texas, on 19 and 20 July 2004
Morris, GA; Hersey, S; Thompson, AM; Pawson, S; Nielsen, JE; Colarco, PR; Mcmillan, WW; Stohl, A; Turquety, S; Warner, J; Johnson, BJ; Kucsera, TL; Larko, DE; Oltmans, SJ; Witte, JC
2,006
On Monday, 19 July, and Tuesday, 20 July 2004, the air over Houston, Texas, appeared abnormally hazy. Transport model results and data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), the Measurement of Ozone by Airbus In-service airCraft (MOZAIC) experiment, and the T...
0
651,813
The new epidemiology of cataract
Abraham, AG; Condon, NG; West Gower, E
2,006
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Smoking, diabetes, and exposure to UVB light consistently have been identified as risk factors for cataract development. Recently, new factors have been identified. Further research into other previously identified risk factors has suggested that these initial assoc...
0
90,760
Correlation between air pollution and postneonatal mortality in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan
Yang, CY; Hsieh, HJ; Tsai, SS; Wu, TN; Chiu, HF
2,006
With growing evidence of the association between daily mortality and air pollution exposure in adults, it is important to investigate whether infants are also susceptible. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between air pollution exposure and postneonatal, defined as infant of more than 27 d and l...
1
199,430
Responses of anti-oxidative system in leaves of Ginkgo biloba to elevated ozone concentration in urban area
He, XY; Ruan, YN; Chen, W; Lu, T
2,006
To study the effects of elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations on the anti-oxidative systems of trees, the O-2(-) generating rate, H2O2 content, activities of SOD and all enzymes in the Halliwell-Asada pathway and ascorbic acid content were periodically analyzed in leaves of Ginkgo biloba grown in open-top chambers...
1
694,412
A new model of heavy metal transport in the soil using nonlinear artificial neural networks
Buszewski, B; Kowalkowski, T
2,006
The contamination of the soil by heavy metals is still of great interest to environmental scientists because of further metal mobilization and the possibility of groundwater and surface water pollution. One of the most efficient tools for risk assessment is a combination of an ex situ column leaching experiment with co...
0
597,550
Regulatory peptides modulate adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to bronchial epithelial cells through regulation of interleukins, ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB/IkappaB
Zhang, JS; Tan, YR; Xiang, Y; Luo, ZQ; Qin, ZQ
2,006
A complex network of regulatory neuropeptides controls airway inflammation reaction, in which airway epithelial cells adhering to and activating leukocytes is a critical step. To study the effect of intrapulmonary regulatory peptides on adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to bronchial epithelial cells (BECs...
0
191,705
Tropospheric ozone-induced structural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls in grapevine plants
Ljubesic, N; Britvec, M
2,006
The structural changes in leaves of grapevine plants ( Vitis vinifera L.) exposed to different ozone concentrations were investigated. Ozone fumigations were performed in open-top chambers at four different ozone levels (charcoal-filtered air (F), ambient air (N), ambient air + 25 mm(3) m(-3) ozone (O-25) and ambient a...
0
191,269
Chemical composition and decomposition of silver birch leaf litter produced under elevated CO2 and O3
Kasurinen, A; Riikonen, J; Oksanen, E; Vapaavuori, E; Holopainen, T
2,006
Two field-growing silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones (clone 4 and 80) were exposed to elevated CO2 and O-3 over three growing seasons (1999-2001). In each year, the nutrients and cell wall chemistry of naturally abscised leaf litter were analyzed in order to determine the possible CO2- and O-3-induced changes in...
1
90,065
Estimating the dynamics of ecosystem CO2 flux and biomass production in agricultural fields on the basis of synergy between process models and remotely sensed signatures
Inoue, Y; Olioso, A
2,006
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of synergy between biophysical/ecophysiological models and remote sensing for the dynamic estimation of biomass and net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEECO2). We obtained a long-term data set of micrometeorological, plant, and remote sensing measurements over we...
0
607,080
Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature)
Guenther, A; Karl, T; Harley, P; Wiedinmyer, C; Palmer, PI; Geron, C
2,006
Reactive gases and aerosols are produced by terrestrial ecosystems, processed within plant canopies, and can then be emitted into the above-canopy atmosphere. Estimates of the above-canopy fluxes are needed for quantitative earth system studies and assessments of past, present and future air quality and climate. The Mo...
1
651,819
In situ profiling and quantification of cytokines released during ultraviolet B-induced inflammation by combining dermal microdialysis and protein microarrays
Averbeck, M; Beilharz, S; Bauer, M; Gebhardt, C; Hartmann, A; Hochleitner, K; Kauer, F; Voith, U; Simon, JC; Termeer, C
2,006
In skin, an evolving inflammatory or immune response is triggered by early release of a cytokine cascade into the extracellular space. Investigation of extracellular cytokine secretion in situ has been limited by low cut-off filtering membranes and sample volume size and the inability to monitor changes in cytokine pro...
0
140,974
Trace gas exchange and gas phase chemistry in a Norway spruce forest: A study with a coupled 1-dimensional canopy atmospheric chemistry emission model
Forkel, R; Klemm, O; Graus, M; Rappengluck, B; Stockwell, WR; Grabmer, W; Held, A; Hansel, A; Steinbrecher, R
2,006
Numerical modelling is an efficient tool to investigate the role of chemical degradation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) and the effect of dynamical processes on BVOC and product mixing ratios within and above forest canopies. The present study shows an application of the coupled canopy-chemistry model CA...
0
100,617
Analysis of the seasonal variation of ozone in the boundary layer in East Asia using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model: What controls surface ozone levels over Japan?
Yamaji, K; Ohara, T; Uno, I; Tanimoto, H; Kurokawa, JI; Akimoto, H
2,006
Ozone (O-3) concentrations in East Asia were simulated using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model and their reproducibility was confirmed by comparing with observation data at Japanese monitoring sites. The model can reproduce the seasonal variation of surface O-3 over Japan. In particular, for the southern part...
0
651,896
Is a differentiated advice by season and region necessary?
Sliney, DH; Wengraitis, S
2,006
The ultraviolet radiation component in the solar spectrum varies greatly with season. In the summer, the significant short-wavelength (UV-B) radiation at midday can produce erythema in sensitive skin in less than 20min in middle latitudes, and yet in winter months, the same midday exposure dose would require hours of e...
1
89,618
Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to secondary organic aerosol coated on magnetic nanoparticles
Jang, M; Ghio, AJ; Cao, G
2,006
Toxicological investigation suggests that exposures to complex secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products can result in adverse health effects in biological systems. However, the mechanism of adverse health effects is not yet understood. One of the major restrictions in studies of health effects of SOA is a particle expo...
0
595,095
Nitrous acid in the urban area of Rome
Acker, K; Febo, A; Trick, S; Perrino, C; Bruno, P; Wiesen, P; Moller; Wieprecht, W; Auel, R; Giusto, M; Geyer, A; Platt, U; Allegrini, I
2,006
Nitrous acid (HNO2) and a large variety of other components were simultaneously measured in the city centre of Rome (Italy) during the NITROCAT ground based field experiment in May/June 2001. The highest HNO2 concentrations were found under high-pressure conditions with high nocturnal atmospheric stability and high val...
1
186,961
Physiological and developmental effects of O3 on cottonwood growth in urban and rural sites
Gregg, JW; Jones, CG; Dawson, TE
2,006
Previously we found that cloned cottonwood saplings (Populus deltoides) grew twice as large in New York, New York, USA, compared to surrounding rural environments and that soils, temperature, CO2, nutrient deposition, and microclimatic variables could not account for the greater urban plant biomass. Correlations ...
1
196,512
[Respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations associated with air pollution in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil]
Gouveia, N; de Freitas, CU; Martins, LC; Marcilio, IO
2,006
The recognition that current air pollution levels cause harmful health effects makes the definition of the air quality regulatory process imperative. This study examines the association between exposure to air pollution and hospital admissions in the city of Sao Paulo, aiming to support the development of measures to r...
0
89,384
Comparison of 7 years of satellite-borne and ground-based tropospheric NO2 measurements around Milan, Italy
Ordo?ez, C; Richter, A; Steinbacher, M; Zellweger, C; Nu?, H; Burrows, JP; Prevot, ASH
2,006
[1] Tropospheric NO(2) vertical column densities (VCDs) over the Lombardy region were retrieved from measurements of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) spectrometer for the period 1996 - 2002 using a differential optical absorption method. This data set was compared with in situ measurements of NO(2) at arou...
0
191,388
Evaluation of ambient air pollution impact on carrot plants at a sub urban site using open top chambers
Tiwari, S; Agrawal, M; Marshall, FM
2,006
The present experiment was done to evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution on carrot (Dacus carota var. Pusa Kesar) plants using open top chambers (OTCs) ventilated with ambient (NFCs) or charcoal filtered air (FCs) at a suburban site of Varanasi, India. Various morphological, physiological and biochemical charact...
0
778,744
Impact of meteorology and emissions on methane trends, 1990?2004
Fiore, AM; Horowitz, LW; Dlugokencky, EJ; West, JJ
2,006
Over the past century, atmospheric methane (CH4) rose dramatically before leveling off in the late 1990s. The processes controlling this trend are poorly understood, limiting confidence in projections of future CH4. The MOZART-2 global tropospheric chemistry model qualitatively captures the observed CH4 trend ( i...
0
98,248
Effect of air pollution on asthma-related hospital admissions for children by socioeconomic status associated with area of residence
Lee, JT; Son, JY; Kim, H; Kim, SY
2,006
The authors evaluated whether the effects of air pollution on asthma in children differed by the regional socioeconomic status (SES) associated with the area in which children resided. They analyzed data on air pollution, asthma-related hospitalization, weather conditions, and SES collected from 25 subregions in Seoul ...
1
145,122
CH3OCF2CHFCl and CHF2OCF2CHFCl: Reaction with Cl atoms, atmospheric lifetimes, ozone depletion and global warming potentials
Dalmasso, PR; Taccone, RA; Nieto, JD; Teruel, MA; Lane, SI
2,006
The relative rate technique has been used to determine the rate constants of the reactions of Cl atoms with 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl-methyl-ether (CH3OCF2CHFCl) and 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl-difluoromethyl-ether (CHF2OCF2CHFCl). Experiments were carried out at 296 +/- 2K and atmospheric pressure using nitrogen...
0
92,007
Response of the herbaceous layer of forest ecosystems to excess nitrogen deposition
Gilliam, FS
2,006
1 This review brings into focus what is known about the response of the herbaceous layer of forest ecosystems to increasing nitrogen deposition. The emphasis on forests in general is important for two reasons. First, forests often occupy areas receiving high rates of atmospheric deposition of N. Second, compared with h...
0
199,299
Chronic ozone exposure affects leaf senescence of beech: a chlorophyll fluorescence imaging approach
Gielen, B; Ceulemans, R; Valcke, R; Low, M; Metzger, U; Matyssek, R
2,006
null
0
196,506
Relationships of daily mortality and hospital admissions to air pollution in Castilla-Leon, Spain
De Pablo, F; Lopez, A; Soriano, LR; Tomas, C; Diego, L; Gonzalez, M; Barrueco, M
2,006
We examined the possible relationships between pollutant concentrations and mortality at seven different locations of Castilla-Leon, Spain, and the relationships between such concentration levels and emergency admissions (morbidity) at four hospitals in the region, taking into account the possible masking effect of oth...
1
88,218
Traffic density as a surrogate measure of environmental exposures in studies of air pollution health effects: Long-term mortality in a cohort of US veterans
Lipfert, FW; Wyzga, RE; Baty, JD; Miller, JP
2,006
Vehicular traffic is an ubiquitous source of air pollution in developed nations, yet relatively few epidemiology studies have considered its long-term health effects. This paper uses an areal measure of traffic density as a surrogate index of exposure to vehicular traffic. We present associations between county-level t...
1
191,227
AOT40 as preliminary indicator for ozone induced forest injury on Mountain Medvednica near Zagreb
Cvitas, T; Kezele, N; Klasinc, L; Sorgo, G
2,006
The phytotoxic effect of ozone has been known for decades and accumulated exposure to ozone above a threshold (AOT) is an attempt to assess the rise of forest injuries due to ozone attach. Ozone levels have been monitored for 16 years at Puntijarka site and AOT values are calculated for each growing season. Recent rese...
0
197,795
Oxysterols in biological systems: Sources, metabolism and pathophysiological relevance
van Reyk, DM; Brown, AJ; Hult'en, LM; Dean, RT; Jessup, W
2,006
Oxysterols are the 27-carbon products of cholesterol oxidation by both enzymic and non-enzymic mechanisms. Their roles in cholesterol homeostasis, as well as in diseases in which oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation are implicated (e.g. atherosclerosis), have been investigated extensively. However, there are a numbe...
0
90,187
The air quality impacts of road closures associated with the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston
Levy, JI; Baxter, LK; Clougherty, JE
2,006
BACKGROUND: The Democratic National Convention (DNC) in Boston, Massachusetts in 2004 provided an opportunity to evaluate the impacts of a localized and short-term but potentially significant change in traffic patterns on air quality, and to determine the optimal monitoring approach to address events of this nature. It...
0
595,172
Oxidative stress and genetic and epidemiologic determinants of oxidant injury in childhood asthma
Ercan, H; Birben, E; Dizdar, EA; Keskin, O; Karaaslan, C; Soyer, OU; Dut, R; Sackesen, C; Besler, T; Kalayci, O
2,006
BACKGROUND: The factors contributing to the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in asthma are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with oxidative stress including asthma severity and the genotype of the antioxidant enzymes. METHODS: A total of 196 children with mild asthma, 116 children wit...
1
191,549
On the induction of volatile organic compound emissions by plants as consequence of wounding or fluctuations of light and temperature
Loreto, F; Barta, C; Brilli, F; Nogues, I
2,006
Among the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants, some are characteristic of stress conditions, but their biosynthesis and the metabolic and environmental control over the emission are still unclear. We performed experiments to clarify whether (1) the emission following wounding can occur at distance from ...
0
90,999
Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies: Evaluation number 15
null
2,006
This is the fifteenth in a series of evaluated sets of rate constants and photochemical cross sections compiled by the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation. The data are used primarily to model stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes, with particular emphasis on the ozone layer and its possible perturbation by anthrop...
0
196,513
Analysing the causes of chronic cough: relation to diesel exhaust, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and other environmental factors
Groneberg-Kloft, B; Kraus, T; Mark, A; Wagner, U; Fischer, A
2,006
Air pollution remains a leading cause of many respiratory diseases including chronic cough. Although episodes of incidental, dramatic air pollution are relatively rare, current levels of exposure of pollutants in industrialized and developing countries such as total articles, diesel exhaust particles and common cigaret...
0
191,337
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on foliar proanthocyanidins in Betula platyphylla, Betula ermanii, and Fagus crenata seedlings
Karonen, M; Ossipov, V; Ossipova, S; Kapari, L; Loponen, J; Matsumura, H; Kohno, Y; Mikami, C; Sakai, Y; Izuta, T; Pihlaja, K
2,006
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) or condensed tannins are a major group of phenolic compounds in the leaves of birch trees and many other woody and herbaceous plants. These compounds constitute a significant allocation of carbon in leaves and are involved in plant responses to environmental stress factors, such as pathogens or ...
0
93,267
Seasonality in pediatric asthma admissions: the role of climate and environmental factors
Xirasagar, S; Lin, HC; Liu, TC
2,006
BACKGROUND: Population-based data from Taiwan are used to examine seasonality in pediatric asthma admissions (proxy for asthma exacerbations) and associations with air pollutants and climatic factors. Monthly admission rates per 100,000 population, classified into three age groups, 0 approximately 2, 2 approximately 5,...
0
595,121
Colorimetric determination of ambient ozone using indigo blue droplet
Felix, EP; Cardoso, AA
2,006
A simple and sensitive method based on a liquid droplet is described for the measurement of atmospheric ozone. A 30 microL drop of indigo blue solution is suspended in a flowing-air sampling stream. The ozone collected reacts with the indigo solution resulting in its decolorization. The colorimetric sensor is composed ...
0
90,741
Contaminantes atmosfericos y su correlacion con infecciones agudas de las vias respiratorias en ninos de Guadalajara, Jalisco [Air pollutants and their correlation with medical visits for acute respiratory infections in children less than five years of age in urban Guadalajara, Mexico].
Ramirez-Sanchez, HU; Andrade-Garcia, MD; Gonzalez-Castaneda, ME; Celis-de la Rosa Ade, J
2,006
OBJECTIVE: To describe the correlation between the concentration levels of atmospheric air pollutants and the number of medical visits to IMSS, ISSSTE and of SSJ healthcare facilities of the Urban Area of Guadalajara between 2000-2002 by children under five years suffering from acute respiratory infections. MATERIAL AN...
0
195,677
Ozone induces oxidative stress in rat alveolar type II and type I-like cells
Wang, , JR; Wang, SL; Manzer, RW; Mcconville, G; Mason, RJ
2,006
Ozone is a highly reactive gas present in urban air, which penetrates deep into the lung and causes lung injury. The alveolar epithelial cells are among the first cell barriers encountered by ozone. To define the molecular basis of the cellular response to ozone, primary cultures of rat alveolar type II and type I-like...
0
90,175
Laboratory and field comparison of measurement obtained using the available diffusive samplers for ozone and nitrogen dioxide in ambient air
Gerboles, M; Buzica, D; Amantini, L; Lagler, F
2,006
This study presents an evaluation of the extent of differences between measurements performed by O3 and NO2 diffusive samplers and by the reference methods for diffusive samplers commercially available. The tests were performed in an exposure chamber under extreme conditions of controlling factors and under field condi...
0
612,729
Evolving trend and self-similarity of ozone pollution in central Hong Kong ambient during 1984-2002
Lu, WZ; Wang, XK
2,006
The evolving pattern of ozone level in Hong Kong urban air has undergone various changes and corresponds to the regional urban and economic development. We assess such changes by reviewing and analyzing the original ozone pollutant database monitored in central Hong Kong downtown area during the period of 1984-2002. Bo...
0
133,717
Environmental control of profiles of ozone concentration in a grassland canopy
Jaggi, M; Ammann, C; Neftel, A; Fuhrer, J
2,006
In multi-species grassland communities, ozone exposure of individual species may differ due to their location inside the canopy. In this study, it was tested how the ozone profile inside a grassland canopy is influenced by the vertical distribution of leaf area (LAI) and by meteorological parameters, specifically by th...
0
191,529
Negative impact of ozone on the stem basal area increment of mature Norway spruce in south Sweden
Karlsson, PE; Orlander, G; Langvall, O; Uddling, J; Hjorth, U; Wiklander, K; Areskoug, B; Grennfelt, P
2,006
The relative annual basal area increment of mature Norway spruce trees in south-central Sweden during 9 years was used as the response variable and analysed in relation to ozone exposure, meteorological conditions, soil moisture and stand characteristics. The method used was a modified multiple regression analysis, all...
0
689,698
The Effect of Air Pollution on Yield and Quality of Mung Bean Grown in Peri-Urban Areas of Varanasi
Agrawal, M; Singh, B; Agrawal, SB; Bell, JNB; Marshall, F
2,006
null
0
651,857
The likely role of vitamin D from solar ultraviolet-B irradiance in increasing cancer survival
Grant, WB
2,006
BACKGROUND: Solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) and vitamin D have been found inversely correlated with cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates in many studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this work, two sets of cancer data were used: age-adjusted cancer incidence and mortality rates in 2002 for 21 Western developed countr...
0
88,875
The ozone monitoring instrument
Levelt, PF; Ven Den Oord, GHJ; Dobber, MR; Malkki, A; Visser, H; De Vries, J; Stammes, P; Lundell, JOV; Saari, H
2,006
The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) flies on the National Aeronautics and Space Adminsitrations Earth Observing System Aura satellite launched in July 2004. OMI is a ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) nadir solar backscatter spectrometer, which provides nearly global coverage in one day with a spatial resolution of 13 km x...
0
91,422
Influence of nutrition and stress on sugar maple at a regional scale
Hallett, RA; Bailey, SW; Horsley, SB; Long, RP
2,006
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline disease on the Allegheny Plateau (region 1) resulted in high levels of mortality during the 1990s. Sugar maple was predisposed to decline because of an imbalance in Mg, Ca, and Mn nutrition and incited to decline by repeated defoliation. We sampled 33 stands in New York, Verm...
0
100,648
Forecasting of ozone level in time series using MLP model with a novel hybrid training algorithm
Wang, D; Lu, WZ
2,006
As far as the impact of tropospheric ozone (O-3) On human heath and plant life are concerned, forecasting its daily maximum level is of great importance in Hong Kong as well as other metropolises in the world. This paper proposed a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model with a novel hybrid training method to perform the fo...
0
199,412
Ozone sensitivity of currant tomato (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium), a potential bioindicator species
Iriti, M; Belli, L; Nali, C; Lorenzini, G; Gerosa, G; Faoro, F
2,006
The wild tomato species Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (currant tomato) was exposed to different O-3 concentration, both in controlled environment fumigation facilities and in open-top chambers, to assess its sensitivity and to verify its potential as a bioindicator plant. Plants appeared particularly sensitive to O-3 a...
0
191,603
Photosynthetic rates and antioxidant enzyme activity of Platanus occidentalis growing under two levels of air pollution along the streets of Seoul
Woo, SY; Je, SM
2,006
We investigated the net photosynthetic rates and antioxidative enzyme activity in Platanus occidentalis trees growing on two separate streets in Seoul, and representing different degrees of air pollution. in general, concentrations of SO2, NO2, and PM10 decreased from May to September. The photosynthetic rate was reduc...
0
191,446
Identification of a new member of the WRKY family in tobacco. Involved in ozone-induced gene regulation?
Heidenreich, B; Bieber, E; Sandermann, H; Ernst, D
2,006
Recent studies showed, that ozone-induced acne expression occurs via at least two different signalling mechanisms that are ethylene-dependent (beta-1,3-glucanases) and ethylene-independent independent (stilbene synthase). To identify trans-acting factors involved in ozone-induced gene expression we analyzed a 150 bp PC...
0
195,285
Development of a one-stage process for pretreatment and cationisation of cotton fabric
Hashem, MM
2,006
A one-stage process for cationisation and pretreatment of cotton fabric was developed. Cationisation of cotton cellulose was carried out with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, whereas pretreatment comprised enzymatic and oxidative desizing, scouring, bleaching with hydrogen peroxide, combined desizing...
0
196,563
Ozone and daily mortality in Shanghai, China
Zhang, Y; Huang, W; London, SJ; Song, G; Chen, G; Jiang, L; Zhao, N; Chen, B; Kan, H
2,006
BACKGROUND: Controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient ozone and mortality worldwide. In mainland China, the largest developing country, there has been no prior study investigating the acute effect of O3 on death risk. Given the changes in types of air pollution from conventional coal combustion to ...
0
197,796
A product of ozonolysis of cholesterol alters the biophysical properties of phosphatidylethanolamine membranes
Wachtel, E; Bach, D; Epand, RF; Tishbee, A; Epand, RM
2,006
There is evidence that some products of the reaction of ozone with cholesterol contribute to atherosclerosis. One of these compounds is 3beta-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al. We have synthesized this compound and have demonstrated that it reacts with phosphatidylethanolamine to form a Schiff base. The 3beta-hydrox...
0
199,277
Experiments on forest/atmosphere exchange: Climatology and fluxes during two summer campaigns in NE Bavaria
Klemm, O; Held, A; Forkel, R; Gasche, R; Kanter, HJ; Rappengluck, B; Steinbrecher, R; Muller, K; Plewka, A; Cojocariu, C; Kreuzwieser, J; Valverde-Canossa, J; Schuster, G; Moortgat, GK; Graus, M; Hansel, A
2,006
During two summer field campaigns in 2001 and 2002, biosphere/atmosphere exchange fluxes of energy, gases, and particles were quantified in a Norway spruce forest in NE Bavaria at 775 m a.s.l. The overall goal of the BEWA campaigns was to study the influence of the emissions of reactive biogenic volatile organic compou...
0
180,183
The health benefits of reduced tropospheric ozone in California
Ostro, BD; Tran, H; Levy, JI
2,006
Californians are exposed daily to concentrations of ozone (O3) that are among the highest in the United States. Recently, the state adopted a new 8-hr ambient standard of 0.070 ppm, more stringent than the current federal standard. The new standard is based on controlled human studies and on dozens of epidemiologic stu...
0
194,093
Dietary calcium as a potential modifier of the relationship of lead burden to blood pressure
Elmarsafawy, SF; Jain, NB; Schwartz, J; Sparrow, D; Nie, HL; Hu, H
2,006
Background: Cumulative lead burden and low dietary calcium have been independently associated with increased risk of hypertension. There is evidence of an interaction between these factors. We tested the hypothesis that dietary calcium intake modifies the relationship between lead burden and hypertension. Methods: A to...
0
89,819
Air pollution and infant death in southern California, 1989-2000
Ritz, B; Wilhelm, M; Zhao, Y
2,006
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the influence of outdoor air pollution on infant death in the South Coast Air Basin of California, an area characterized by some of the worst air quality in the United States. METHODS: Linking birth and death certificates for infants who died between 1989 and 2000, we identified all infant death...
1
89,444
Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity
Westerling, AL; Hildalgo, HG; Cayan, DR; Swetnam, TW
2,006
Western United States forest wildfire activity is widely thought to have increased in recent decades, yet neither the extent of recent changes nor the degree to which climate may be driving regional changes in wildfire has been systematically documented. Much of the public and scientific discussion of changes in wester...
0
191,605
Physiological and biochemical response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kara) to O-3 and antioxidant chemicals: possible roles of antioxidant enzymes
Hassan, IA
2,006
An Egyptian cultivar of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kara) was grown in the field at two locations in northern Egypt: a 'rural' and a 'suburban' site, from October 2000 and November 2002. The antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU) and the fungicide chlorothalonil (1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile-2,4,5,6 tetrachloroisophthalnit...
0
191,271
Chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging of ozone-stressed Brassica napus L. plants differing in glucosinolate concentrations
Gielen, B; Vandermeiren, K; Horemans, N; D'Haese, D; Serneels, R; Valcke, R
2,006
Brassicaceae are characterised by glucosinolates (GS), which appear to be involved not only in biotic but also in abiotic stress responses of plants. We investigated the effect of O-3 stress on leaf GS concentrations in two lines of Brassica napus L., differing in GS content. Ozone fumigation decreased GS concentration...
1
199,226
Impacts of summer ozone exposure on the growth and overwintering of UK upland vegetation
Hayes, F; Mills, G; Williams, P; Harmens, H; Buker, P
2,006
The effects of ozone exposure on species of an upland grassland were assessed. Thirty-three species from Snowdonia, North Wales, UK, were exposed for 10 weeks to a weekly episodic ozone regime in solardomes representing predicted future concentrations. Two solardomes were used as controls, with ozone added to charcoal-...
0
196,919
Ozone pollution and ozone biomonitoring in European cities. Part I: Ozone concentrations and cumulative exposure indices at urban and suburban sites
Klumpp, A; Ansel, W; Klumpp, G; Calatayud, V; Garrec, JP; He, S; Penuelas, J; Ribas, A; Ro-Poulsen, H; Rasmussen, S; Sanz, MJ; Vergne, P
2,006
In the frame of a European research project on air quality in urban agglomerations, data on ozone concentrations from 23 automated urban and suburban monitoring stations in 11 cities from seven countries were analysed and evaluated. Daily and summer mean and maximum concentrations were computed based on hourly mean val...
0
90,722
Impact of urban atmospheric pollution on coronary disease
Maitre, A; Bonneterre, V; Huillard, L; Sabatier, P; de Gaudemaris, R
2,006
Recent epidemiological findings have suggested that urban atmospheric pollution may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system as well as on the respiratory system. We carried out an exhaustive search of published studies investigating links between coronary heart disease and urban atmospheric pollution. The rev...
0
694,556
Is it true that ozone is always toxic? The end of a dogma
Bocci, V
2,006
There are a number of good experimental studies showing that exposure by inhalation to prolonged tropospheric ozone damages the respiratory system and extrapulmonary organs. The skin, if extensively exposed, may also contribute to the damage. The undoubtful strong reactivity of ozone has contributed to establish the do...
0
191,725
Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics on grapevine under climate change
Salinari, F; Giosue, S; Tubiello, FN; Rettori, A; Rossi, V; Spanna, F; Rosenzweig, C; Gullino, ML
2,006
As climate is a key agro-ecosystem driving force, climate change could have a severe impact on agriculture. Many assessments have been carried out to date on the possible effects of climate change (temperature, precipitation and carbon dioxide concentration changes) on plant physiology. At present however, likely effec...
0
619,574
Indoor secondary pollutants from cleaning product and air freshener use in the presence of ozone
Singer, BC; Coleman, BK; Destaillats, H; Hodgson, AT; Lunden, MM; Weschler, CJ; Nazaroff, WW
2,006
This study investigated the formation of secondary pollutants resulting from household product use in the presence of ozone. Experiments were conducted in a 50-m(3) chamber simulating a residential room. The chamber was operated at conditions relevant to US residences in polluted areas during warm-weather seasons: an a...
0
199,381
Visible foliar injury caused by ozone alters the relationship between SPAD meter readings and chlorophyll concentrations in cutleaf coneflower
Neufeld, HS; Chappelka, AH; Somers, GL; Burkey, KO; Davison, AW; Finkelstein, PL
2,006
The ability of the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter to quantify chlorophyll amounts in ozone-affected leaves of cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata) was assessed in this study. When relatively uninjured leaves were measured (percent leaf area affected by stipple less than 6%), SPAD meter readings were linea...
0
191,498
Landscape-scale spatial patterns of winter injury to red spruce foliage in a year of heavy region-wide injury
Lazarus, BE; Schaberg, PG; Hawley, GJ; Dehayes, DH
2,006
Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) winter injury is caused by freezing damage that results in the abscission of the most recent foliar age-class. Injury was widespread and severe in the northeastern United States in 2003 and was assessed at Multiple elevations at 23 sites in Vermont and adjacent states. This paper present...
0
91,196
Results of Raleigh Ozone PEM study
Johnson, T; Long, T
2,006
null
0
89,241
The effect of increased N deposition on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide fluxes from unmanaged forest and grassland communities in Michigan
Ambus, P; Robertson, GP
2,006
#Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is anticipated to increase over the next decades with possible implications for future forest-atmosphere interactions. Increased soil N2O emissions, depressed CH4 uptake and depressed soil respiration CO2 loss is considered a likely response to increased N deposition. This study examine...
0
156,918
Photochemical oxidation and changes in molecular composition of organic aerosol in the regional context
Robinson, AL; Donahue, NM; Rogge, WF
2,006
This paper presents evidence that condensed-phase organic compounds are significantly oxidized in regional air masses and in locations affected by regional transport, especially during the summer. The core of the paper examines a large data set of ambient organic aerosol concentrations for removal of reactive compounds...
0
191,315
The ectopic expression of the rice Osmyb4 gene in Arabidopsis increases tolerance to abiotic, environmental and biotic stresses
Vannini, C; Iriti, M; Bracale, M; Locatelli, F; Faoro, F; Croce, P; Pirona, R; Di Maro, A; Coraggio, I; Genga, A
2,006
The Osmyb4 rice gene encodes a Myb transcription factor involved in cold acclimation. Its constitutive expression in Arabidopsis thaliana results in improved cold and freezing tolerance. Osmyb4 up-regulated 254 genes, 22% of which encode proteins involved in gene expression regulation and signal transduction, suggestin...
0
191,532
NIR-spectroscopic investigation of foliage of ozone-stressed Fagus sylvatica trees
Gab, M; Hoffmann, K; Lobe, M; Metzger, R; van Ooyen, S; Elbers, G; Kollner, B
2,006
Near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was tested as a fast method for characterizing the toxic effects of air pollution on trees. Fagus sylvatica was exposed to known, different levels of ozone during summer of: 2003 in plant chambers. Leaves were taken from the plants and NIR spectra were recorded. In order to ...
0
651,845
Adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation: A brief review
Gallagher, RP; Lee, TK
2,006
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has always been part of the environment of man. UVB is required for the conversion of 7-deoxycholesterol to vitamin D, which is critically important in the maintenance of healthy holies and research is making clear that it has other potential roles in maintenance of human health. Expos...
0
196,979
Productivity losses in barley attributable to ambient atmospheric pollutants in Pakistan
Wahid, A
2,006
The productivity responses of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (Haider-93, Haider-91, Jou-87, Jou-85) to air pollution were investigated during 2004-2005 season using open-top chambers with charcoal-filtered air (FA), unfiltered air (UFA) and unchambered field plots (AA) at a semi-urban site in Lahore, Pakist...
0
596,324
Peptide ozonolysis: Product structures and relative reactivities for oxidation of tyrosine and histidine residues
Lloyd, JA; Spraggins, JM; Johnston, MV; Laskin, J
2,006
Angiotensin II (DRVYIHPF) and two analogs, (DRVYIAPA and DRVAIHPA), were used as model systems to study the ozonolysis of peptides containing tyrosine and histidine residues. The ESI mass spectrum of angiotensin II following exposure to ozone showed the formation of adducts containing one, three, and four oxygen atoms....
0
614,494
The spatial distribution of pollutant transport to and from indoor surfaces
Morrison, GC; Zhao, P; Kasthuri, L
2,006
Spatial distributions in surface flux and concentrations complicate the assessment of indoor mass-transfer coefficients and can bias the resulting estimates of indoor exposure. To better understand these phenomena, we quantify the spatial...
0
90,969
GSTM1 and GSTP1 and respiratory health in asthmatic children exposed to ozone
Romieu, I; Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Moreno-Macias, H; Del Rio-Navarro, BE; David, G; Marzec, J; Hernandez-Avila, M; London, S
2,006
Acute exposure to ozone has been related to a wide spectrum of health effects in susceptible individuals. Genetic factors may influence interindividual variation in ozone response. The current authors investigated the relationships between common polymorphisms in two genes involved in response to oxidative stress, i.e....
1
199,343
Biological monitoring of ozone: the twenty-year Italian experience
Nali, C; Francini, A; Lorenzini, G
2,006
Tropospheric ozone is a growing environmental menace in Italy and in the whole Mediterranean basin. The importance of active biomonitoring of this pollutant with hypersensitive Bel-W3 tobacco plants is stressed, and several examples of field studies carried out in Italy with this technique are presented. Current limita...
0
191,735
Solar spectral actinic flux and photolysis frequency measurements in a deciduous forest
Bohn, B
2,006
[ 1] Within the Emission and Chemical Transformation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ( ECHO) project the photochemistry of biogenic organic compounds in a forest was investigated. In this context, two spectroradiometers were used to determine solar spectral actinic flux and photolysis frequencies within and abov...
0
91,510
Using meta-analysis for benefits transfer: theory and practice
Bergstrom, JC; Taylor, LO
2,006
Meta-analysis, or the ostudy of studieso, attempts to statistically measure systematic relationships between reported valuation estimates for an environmental good or service and attributes of the study that generated the estimates including valuation methods, human population and sample characteristics, and characteri...
0
201,543
Photosynthesis and substrate supply for isoprene biosynthesis in poplar leaves
Magel, E; Mayrhofer, S; Muller, A; Zimmer, I; Hamppa, R; Schnitzler, JP
2,006
Gray poplar leaves emit high amounts of isoprene. In this context, we investigated the degree to which photosynthesis delivers necessary precursors for chloroplast isoprene biosynthesis, and whether this energy-consuming pathway could be involved in protecting the photosynthetic electron transport system. Such protecti...
0
191,642
Responses of biomass production and reproductive development to ozone exposure differ between european wild plant species
Bender, J; Bergmann, E; Weigel, HJ
2,006
A screening study with 25 common European wild plant species were performed over three consecutive growing seasons to investigate the effects of ozone on plant growth, reproductive development, and resource allocation. Species were grown from seedling stage until the flowering stage or seed maturity, respectively, in o...
0
90,339
Comparison of model-simulated tropospheric NO2 over China with GOME-satellite data
Ma, J; Richter, A; Burrows, JP; Nuss, H; Van
2,006
Tropospheric NO2 column densities over China simulated with a regional model using different emission inventory input are compared with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite data. These emission inventories include (i) emission estimates for the year 1995 from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric ...
0
694,786
Physico-chemical characterization of indoor/outdoor particulate matter in two residential houses in Oslo, Norway: measurements overview and physical properties - URBAN-AEROSOL Project
Lazaridis, M; Aleksandropoulou, V; Smolik, J; Hansen, JE; Glytsos, T; Kalogerakis, N; Dahlin, E
2,006
Indoor/outdoor measurements have been performed in the Oslo metropolitan area during summer and winter periods (2002-2003) at two different residential houses. The objective of the measurement study was to characterize, physically and chemically, the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants associated with actual...
0
97,439
Postnatal lung development: Immediate-early gene responses post ozone and LPS exposure
Johnston, C; Holm, B; Gelein, R; Finkelstein, J
2,006
Exposure to environmental pollutants may severely affect lung growth and development. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that lung damage caused either by ozone or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) occurs through distinct early responses, which are age dependent in the postnatal lung. C57Bl/6 mice ages 4, 10,...
0
101,228
Evaluation of the Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with observations obtained during the TRACE-P experiment: Comparison of ozone and its related species
Zhang, M; Uno, I; Zhang, R; Han, Z; Wang, Z; Pu, Y
2,006
The Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with meteorological fields calculated by the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was applied to East Asia to investigate the transport and photochemical transformation of tropospheric ozone during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the...
0
651,846
Reference limits for erythema-effective UV doses
Gambichler, T; Moussa, G; Tomi, NS; Paech, V; Altmeyer, P; Kreuter, A
2,006
Diagnostic phototesting, including the determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED), is a useful procedure to detect abnormal sensitivity to UV radiation. We aimed to estimate the reference limits (RLs) of the MED in a reasonably large reference sample of white individuals. Skin phototypes and MED values for broadb...
0
199,438
Factors affecting stomatal uptake of ozone by different canopies and a comparison between dose and exposure
Zhang, LM; Vet, R; Brook, JR; Legge, AH
2,006
Measured ozone (O-3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) Concentrations and fluxes over five different canopies (mixed coniferous-deciduous forest, deciduous forest, corn, soybean and pasture) in the eastern USA were analyzed to investigate the stomatal uptake of O-3. It was found that the ambient O-3 concentration levels had lit...
0
709,144
Effects of changing power plant NOx emissions on ozone in the eastern United States: Proof of concept
Frost, GJ; Mckeen, SA; Trainer, M; Ryerson, TB; Neuman, JA; Roberts, JM; Swanson, A; Holloway, JS; Sueper, DT; Fortin, T; Parrish, DD; Fehsenfeld, FC; Flocke, F; Peckham, SE; Grell, GA; Kowal, D; Cartwright, J; Auerbach, N; Habermann, T
2,006
[ 1] Recent decreases in nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions from eastern U. S. power plants and their effects on regional ozone are studied. Using the EPA 1999 National Emission Inventory as a reference emission data set, NOx and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates at selected power plants are updated to their s...
0
191,543
O-2(-) activates leaf injury, ethylene and salicylic acid synthesis, and the expression of O-3-induced genes in O-3-exposed tobacco
Ogawa, D; Nakajima, N; Tamaoki, M; Aono, M; Kubo, A; Kamada, H; Saji, H
2,006
O-3 is the major component of photochemical oxidants and gives rise to visible injuries on plant leaves. In O-3-exposed plants, O-2(-) is produced before the formation of the injury, but the role that O-2(-) plays in plant response to O-3 exposure is still unknown. To clarify its role, we observed the behavior of plant...
0
145,287
Markers of heterogeneous reaction products in alpha -pinene ozone secondary organic aerosol
Czoschke, NM; Jang, M
2,006
A gas chromatograph iontrap mass spectrometer (GC-ITMS) was used to analyze the gas-and particle-phase products of ?-pinene ozone oxidation in the presence of three different inorganic seed aerosols: sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate only, and ammonium sulfate with sulfuric acid. Products of ?-pinene ozone oxidation co...
0
596,381
Ozone exposure impairs antigen-specific immunity but activates IL-7-induced proliferation of CD4-CD8- thymocytes in BALB/c mice
Feng, R; He, W; Ochi, H; Castranova, V
2,006
It is well known that ozone (O3), a potent reactive oxidant and air pollutant, induces respiratory inflammation and hyperresponsiveness upon inhalation. It was previously shown that O3 exposure (0.6 ppm, 10 h/day for 15 days) not only results in local bronchial inflammation, but also affects the nervous system and thym...
1
694,810
Estimating contributions of indoor and outdoor sources to indoor carbonyl concentrations in three urban areas of the United States
Liu, W; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Turpin, BJ; Welsel, CP; Morandi, MT; Stock, TH; Colome, S; Korn, LR
2,006
Exposure to carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) can produce adverse health effects. It is known that various sources of carbonyls are often present inside residences but little is known about their indoor source strengths. In the present paper, we used a database established in the relationships of indoor, outdoor, and p...
0
191,493
Isoprene emission from tropical trees in Okinawa Island, Japan
Tambunan, P; Baba, S; Kuniyoshi, A; Iwasaki, H; Nakamura, T; Yamasaki, H; Oku, H
2,006
This study surveyed isoprene emission from 42 indigenous and exotic tropical trees in subtropic Okinawa, Japan. Of the 42 trees studied, 4 emitted isoprene at a rate in excess of 20 mu g g(-1) h(-1), and 28 showed the rates of 1-10 mu g g(-1) h(-1). The remainder emitted less than 1 mu g g(-1) h(-1). The majority of tr...
0