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655,508
Comparison of UVB induced gene expression profiles in whole skin from melanoma patients and healthy controls
Crone, K; Soden, C; Wilson, M; Cornelius, L
2,006
Background: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation increases melanoma risk by poorly understood molecular events. Recent studies have used DNA microarrays to study transcriptional responses to UVB irradiation in cultures of pure keratinocytes or melanocytes alone. To better understand whether such changes are relevant in the con...
0
89,244
Ecosystem recovery: heathland response to a reduction in nitrogen deposition
Power, SA; Green, ER; Barker, CG; Bell, JNB; Ashmore, MR
2,006
#Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen is responsible for widespread changes in the structure and function of sensitive seminatural ecosystems. The proposed reduction in emissions of nitrogenous pollutants in Europe under the Gothenburg Protocol raises the question of whether affected ecosystems have the potential to reco...
0
597,949
Aldehyde measurements in indoor environments in Strasbourg (France)
Marchand, C; Bulliot, B; Le Calve, S; Mirabel, P
2,006
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations have been measured in indoor environments of various public spaces (railway station, airport, shopping center, libraries, underground parking garage, etc.) of Strasbourg area (east of France). In addition, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde propionaldehyde and hexanal concentrations...
0
156,656
Nasal responses in asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects following exposure to diesel exhaust particles
Kongerud, J; Madden, MC; Hazucha, M; Peden, D
2,006
Asthma rates have been increasing worldwide, and exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may be implicated in this increase. DEP may also play a role in the increased morbidity and mortality associated with ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) exposure. Two types of nasal responses have been reported for human s...
0
89,598
Tropospheric ozone and El Nino--southern oscillation: influence of atmospheric dynamics, biomass burning emissions, and future climate change
Doherty, RM; Stevenson, DS; Johnson, CE; Collins, WJ; Sanderson, MG
2,006
[ 1] We investigate how El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences tropospheric ozone and its precursors in a coupled climate-chemistry model. As shown in similar studies, tropospheric column ozone (TCO) decreases in the central and east Pacific and increases in the west Pacific/Indonesia in response to circulation...
0
96,920
Health effects of metropolitan traffic-related air pollutants on street vendors
Kongtip, P; Thongsuk, W; Yoosook, W; Chantanakul, S
2,006
Traffic-related air pollutants are a commonly important source of air pollution. Research on the effects of multiple traffic-related air pollutants on street vendors is scarce. This study evaluated the health effect of traffic-related air pollutants in street vendors. It was designed as a panel study, covering 61 d of ...
0
88,271
Ozone and PM2.5 exposure and acute pulmonary health effects: A study of hikers in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Girardot, SP; Ryan, PB; Smith, SM; Davis, WT; Hamilton, CB; Obenour, RA; Renfro, JR; Tromatore, KA; Reed, GD
2,006
To address the lack of research on the pulmonary health effects of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on individuals who recreate in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and to replicate a study performed at Mt. Washington, NH, we conducted an observational study of adult (18-82 years) day hikers of the ...
1
191,304
Erratum to "Diagnosis of abiotic and biotic stress factors using the visible symptoms in foliage" (Environ. Pollut., 137, 455-465)
Vollenweider, P; Gumnthardt-Georg, MS
2,006
Visible symptoms in the foliage of trees are recorded to monitor the effects of abiotic and biotic stress. Difficulties are reported in diagnosing the origin of stress. The present paper discusses several diagnostic criteria which are usable in different species for a better determination of the stress factor type. A n...
0
138,449
Examination of pollution trends in Santiago de Chile with cluster analysis of PM sub(10) and Ozone data
Gramsch, E; Cereceda-Balic, F; Oyola, P; Von Baer, D
2,006
Because of the high levels of pollution that Santiago de Chile experiences every year in winter, the government has set up an air quality monitoring network. Information from this network is employed to alert people about the quality of air and to enforce several control strategies in order to limit pollution levels. T...
0
651,865
Human keratinocytes acquire cellular cytotoxicity under UV-B irradiation. Implication of granzyme B and perforin
Hernandez-Pigeon, H; Jean, C; Charruyer, A; Haure, MJ; Titeux, M; Tonasso, L; Quillet-Mary, A; Baudouin, C; Charveron, M; Laurent, G
2,006
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is widely considered as a major cause of human skin photoaging and skin cancer. Granzyme B (GrB) and perforin (PFN) are two proteins contained in granules and implicated in one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells exert their cytotoxicity agai...
0
140,056
Evaluation of peroxide exchanges over a coniferous forest in a single-column chemistry-climate model
Ganzeveld, L; Valverde-Canossa, J; Moortgat, GK; Steinbrecher, R
2,006
A single-column chemistry-climate model has been applied to evaluate peroxide exchanges measured over a coniferous forest during the BEWA2000 field campaign, July-August 2001. Simulations indicate that for suppressed nocturnal turbulent mixing, the H2O2 mixing ratios are sensitive to the representation of sources and s...
0
655,520
Skin taurine levels determine the sensitivity to UVB radiation-induced membrane damage leading to immunosuppression
Schade, N; Esser, C; Warskulat, U; Floegel, U; Schwarz, A; Schwarz, T; Yarosh, D; Grether-Beck, S; Haeussinger, D; Krutmann, J
2,006
We have previously shown that taurine transporter (TAUT) deficient mice are significantly more sensitive to UVB-induced immunosuppression (IS) than wild type mice. Taut ko mice have more than 90% reduction of taurine levels in the skin. Thus, taurine uptake might be involved in skin protection against UVB-induced IS. I...
0
195,331
Thermal, ozone and gamma ageing of styrene butadiene rubber and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) blends
Radhakrishnan, CK; Alex, R; Unnikrishnan, G
2,006
Ageing behaviour of SBR/EVA blends due to the effects of heat, ozone, and gamma radiation was studied with reference to blend ratio, three crosslinking systems (sulfur, peroxide and mixed) and a compatibiliser (SEBS-g-MA). It was found that an increase in the EVA content of the blends enhanced the ageing characteristic...
0
191,427
Genetic profiling of bacterial communities from the rhizospheres of ozone damaged Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae)
Dohrmann, AB; Tebbe, CC
2,006
The phytotoxicity of tropospheric ozone at elevated concentrations can cause severe effects on plant vegetation. This study analyzed whether ozone-damaged plants transmit signals into the soil, and thereby affect the structural diversity of bacteria inhabiting the rhizosphere. To generate highly stressful conditions, M...
0
620,682
Factors affecting ozone removal rates in a simulated aircraft cabin environment
Tamas, G; Weschler, CJ; Bako-Biro, Z; Wyon, DP; Strom-Tejsen, P
2,006
Ozone concentrations were measured concurrently inside a simulated aircraft cabin and in the airstream providing ventilation air to the cabin. Ozone decay rates were also measured after cessation of ozone injection into the supply...
0
655,511
UVB induces melanoma cell motility via induction of IL-8
Gebhardt, C; Averbeck, M; Viertel, A; Kauer, F; Saalbach, A; Anderegg, U; Simon, JC
2,006
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to be a factor involved in the initiation and pathogenesis of malignant melanoma. Many studies have focused on the initiation of melanoma, but less is known about the effect of UVR on tumor cells. Here we show that after UV-B irradiation, melanoma cells are able to secrete autocrine...
0
88,756
PM2.5 constituents and related air quality variables as predictors of survival in a cohort of U.S. military veterans
Lipfert, FW; Baty, JD; Miller, JP; Wyzga, RE
2,006
Air quality data on trace metals, other constituents of PM2.5, and criteria air pollutants were used to examine relationships with long-term mortality in a cohort of male U.S. military veterans, along with data on vehicular traffic density (annual vehicle-miles traveled per unit of land area). The analysis used county-...
1
191,318
The effect of air pollution on yield and quality of mung bean grown in peri-urban areas of Varanasi
Agrawal, M; Singh, B; Agrawal, SB; Bell, JNB; Marshall, F
2,006
There is growing concern that air pollution may have adverse impacts on crops in developing countries, yet this has been little studied. This paper addresses this issue, for a major leguminous crop of the Indian sub continent, examining the effect of air pollution in and around an Indian city. A field study was conduct...
0
191,400
Field surveys of ozone symptoms on spontaneous vegetation. Limitations and potentialities of the European programme
Bussotti, F; Cozzi, A; Ferretti, M
2,006
Within the European intensive forest monitoring programme, the native vegetation on permanent Level II plots has been monitored for visible ozone injuries. The main purpose of the programme is to assess the potential risks for the forest vegetation and the natural ecosystems at the intensive monitoring plots. During th...
0
199,418
Response to an ozone gradient of growth and enzymes implicated in tolerance to oxidative stress in Acer saccharum (Marsh.) seedlings
Gaucher, C; Costanzo, N; Widden, P; Renaud, JP; Dizengremel, P; Mauffette, Y; Chevrier, N
2,006
Two-year-old sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings were exposed in open top chambers to an extensive gradient of O-3 ( 0 to 300 nL.L-1) during 85 days under two light environments ( 20% and 80% of full sun at noon on a sunny day). The growth of truncated seedlings ( with one flush of leaves) and episodic seedl...
0
694,609
Immune parameters in female workers exposed to urban pollutants
Ciarrocca, M; Tomei, F; Bernardini, A; Capozzella, A; Fiore, P; Amicarelli, V; Sancini, A; Perugi, F; Firullo, E; Rosati, MV; Pimpinella, B; Monti, C; Tomei, G
2,006
Urban outside workers, such as traffic police, are daily exposed to air pollutants and psychosocial stressors: for these workers, the working environment corresponds to the living environment of the general population. Studies in the literature have shown that immune parameters could be affected by chronic exposure to ...
0
191,627
Quantification of jasmonic acid by SPME in tomato plants stressed by ozone
Zadra, C; Borgogni, A; Marucchini, C
2,006
Jasmonates are signalling molecules induced in plants as a response to various biotic and/or abiotic stresses. As ozone is known to activate defense responses in plants, we have monitored the concentration of jasmonic acid in tomato leaves during and after an acute exposure to this abiotic elicitor. In this experiment,...
0
89,770
The effects of air pollution on hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease in elderly people in Australian and New Zealand cities
Barnett, AG; Williams, GM; Schwartz, J; Best, TL; Neller, AH; Petroeschevsky, AL; Simpson, RW
2,006
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to estimate the associations between outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular hospital admissions for the elderly. DESIGN: Associations were assessed using the case-crossover method for seven cities: Auckland and Christchurch, New Zealand; and Brisbane, Canberra, Melbourne, Perth, ...
1
195,304
Effects of ozone method treating carbon fibers on mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites
Jin, Z; Zhang, ZQ; Meng, LH
2,006
Ozone method was used to modify surface activity of carbon fiber to improve the compressive strength and flexural strength of carbon/carbon composites. The SEM photos of composites fracture shows that ozone method treatment of carbon fiber improved the interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix, which was the reaso...
0
595,117
Design and performance of a low-temperature-multi-pass-cell for absorbance measurements of atmospheric gases. Application to ozone
El Helou, Z; Erba, B; Churassy, S; Wannous, G; Neri, M; Bacis, R; Boursey, E
2,006
Accurate experimental measurements of the absorption spectra of atmospheric gases are of primary importance for chemical transport modelization of the tropospheric atmosphere. We present a special multi-pass-White-cell design adapted for the measurement of absorption cross-sections of corrosive gases in the visible, a...
0
191,610
Physiological responses of saplings of Caesalpinia echinata Lam., a Brazilian tree species, under ozone fumigation
Moraes, RM; Bulbovas, P; Furlan, CM; Dorningos, M; Meirelles, ST; Delitti, WBC; Sanz, MJ
2,006
The effects induced by long-term (30 day) and short-term (6 h) exposures to ozone on the physiological parameters in young plants of Caesalpinia echinata Lam., a Brazilian tree species, were determined. Potted plants were maintained in open-top chambers in Valencia, Spain, under charcoal filtered air (mean O-3 level: 2...
0
88,594
Chronic exposure to urban air Pollution induces structural alterations in murine pulmonary and coronary arteries
Lemos, M; Mohallen, S; Macchione, M; Dolhnikoff, M; Assunc?o, J; Godleski, J; Saldiva, P
2,006
Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective markers of cardiovascular risk have also been associated with increases in ambient pollution. This study was designed to assess whether prolonged exposure to ambient levels of air pollution may induce struc...
0
597,598
Effects of ozone on the nasal mucosa (epithelial cells)
Dokic, D; Howarth, HP
2,006
Ozone is a significant public health concern worldwide. Despite increasing evidence for the role of the bronchial epithelial cells in the generation of proinflammatory cytokines there is little information on the biological relevance of ozone induced release of cytokines in nasal airway inflammation. We have investigat...
0
193,222
Remote sensing of in-use heavy-duty diesel trucks
Burgard, DA; Bishop, GA; Stedman, DH; Gessner, VH; Daeschlein, C
2,006
On-road measurements in 2005 of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide from 1641 individually identified heavy-duty diesel trucks at two locations in Colorado are reported. Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide show increasing emissions with increased altitude. Oxides of nitro...
1
195,643
Kinetics of ozone reaction with uric acid, ascorbic acid, and glutathione at physiologically relevant conditions
Kermani, S; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS
2,006
This study quantified the reaction kinetics of O-3 With three low molecular weight antioxidants-uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AH(2)), and glutathione (GSH)-found in respiratory mucous. Using a semi-batch reactor in which a 500 ml/min flow of air containing 1-5 parts per million of O-3 contacted 3 ml of well-stirred ph...
1
196,941
Effects of ozone on root development and leaf temperature in subterranean clover
Otterholt, E; Eriksen, A; Vollsnes, A; Futsaether, C; Oxaal, U
2,006
null
0
655,510
Does deficiency of solar ultraviolet B or vitamin D play a background role in risk of endometrial cancer?
Garland, CF; Mohr, SB; Gorham, ED; Grant, WB; Garland, FC
2,006
The role of exogenous estrogens in the etiology of endometrial cancer is well established, as is a role of endogenous estrogens. However, other factors might also be involved. Populations at higher latitudes tend to have higher incidence and mortality rates of cancers of the breast (1) and ovary (2), suggesting that vi...
0
651,903
Lower vitamin-D production from solar ultraviolet-B irradiance may explain some differences in cancer survival rates
Grant, WB
2,006
Black Americans diagnosed with cancer generally have lower survival rates than white Americans, even after adjustment for stage of cancer at time of discovery and level of treatment received. The hypothesis developed in this work is that these lower cancer survival rates may be due to lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [2...
0
191,672
Short-term drought response of two white clover clones, sensitive and tolerant to O-3
Bermejo, R; Irigoyen, JJ; Santamaria, JM
2,006
In order to study observed differences in water status between Trifolium repens L. cv. Regal NC-R and NGS biotypes, tolerant and sensitive to ozone, respectively, and trying to identify possible environmental strains for this widely used ozone biomonitoring system, the response of these two biotypes to a short-term dro...
0
89,427
Leaf fluxes of NO and NO2 in four herbaceous plant species: the role of ascorbic acid
Teklemariam, TA; Sparks, JP
2,006
#Nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) are a common group of nitrogen-containing trace gases that interact significantly with plant canopies and play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry including the formation of ozone, smog and nitric acid. The controls over leafuatmosphere exchange of NOx (NOx=NO+NO2) have been character...
0
93,274
Low-level ozone exposure and respiratory symptoms in infants
Triche, EW; Gent, JF; Holford, TR; Belanger, K; Bracken, MB; Beckett, WS; Naeher, L; Mcsharry, JE; Leaderer, BP
2,006
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies indicate that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ozone standards may not protect sensitive individuals. In this study we examined respiratory effects of ozone in infants who may be vulnerable, particularly if they are children of asthmatic mothers. DESIGN: Women delivering babies a...
1
93,264
Analysis of short-term influences of ambient aeroallergens on pediatric asthma hospital visits
Zhong, W; Levin, L; Reponen, T; Hershey, GK; Adhikari, A; Shukla, R; Lemasters, G
2,006
The objective of our study was to investigate the association between daily pediatric asthma hospital visits and daily concentrations of aeroallergens and their specific species. Records of daily asthma visits in Cincinnati area were retrieved from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and aeroallergen sampling...
0
90,213
The effect of nitrogen dioxide on particle formation during ozonolysis of two abundant monoterpenes indoors
N?jgaard, JK; Bilde, M; Stenby, C; Nielsen, OJ; Wolkoff, P
2,006
The effect of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration on particle formation during ozonolysis of two abundant monoterpenes indoors, ?-pinene and d-limonene, was studied in dry air in 1000 l Tedlar bags at 21?2 ?C and ambient pressure. Particle size distributions were measured during 1 h after the reaction was initiate...
0
93,016
Quantifying the seasonal and interannual variability of North American isoprene emissions using satellite observations of the formaldehyde column
Palmer, PI; Abbot, DS; Fu, TM; Jacob, DJ; Chance, K; Kurosu, TP; Guenther, A; Wiedinmyer, C; Stanton, JC; Pilling, MJ; Pressley, SN; Lamb, B; Sumner, AL
2,006
Quantifying isoprene emissions using satellite observations of the formaldehyde (HCHO) columns is subject to errors involving the column retrieval and the assumed relationship between HCHO columns and isoprene emissions, taken here from the GEOS-CHEM chemical transport model. Here we use a 6-year (1996-2001) HCHO colum...
0
128,262
Concentration variation of isoprene and its implications for peak ozone concentration
Lee, BS; Wang, JL
2,006
null
0
509,662
Heavy metal pollution assessment in sediments of the Izmit Bay, Turkey
Pekey, H
2,006
Surface sediments in the fraction < 63 mu m collected from eight stations along the north coastline of Izmit Bay, north-eastern Marmara Sea, Turkey, were analyzed for major (organic carbon, Al, Ba, Fe and Mg) and trace (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) elements by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission ...
0
196,536
Vitamin supplementation does not protect against symptoms in ozone-responsive subjects
Mudway, IS; Behndig, AF; Helleday, R; Pourazar, J; Frew, AJ; Kelly, FJ; Blomberg, A
2,006
Vitamin supplements have been reported to reduce the magnitude of symptoms in subjects exposed to oxidant air pollution. To confirm whether supplementation with vitamins C and E could reduce lung function decrements, airway inflammation, and epithelial injury in subjects sensitive to ozone, a double-blinded, crossover ...
1
90,489
Ambient particulate air pollution and cardiac arrhythmia in a panel of older adults in Steubenville, Ohio
Sarnat, SE; Suh, HH; Coull, BA; Schwartz, J; Stone, PH; Gold, DR
2,006
Objectives: Ambient particulate air pollution has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pathways by which particles may act involve autonomic nervous system dysfunction or inflammation, which can affect cardiac rate and rhythm. The importance of these pathways may vary by partic...
1
147,636
Ozone variations through vehicle emissions reductions based on air quality monitoring data in Taipei City, Taiwan, from 1994 to 2003
Chang, SC; Lee, CT
2,006
The ozone (O-3) ambient air quality is evaluated using two indices in Taiwan: the daily maximum O-3 concentration (O-3,O-max) greater than 120ppb and the daily 8-h O-3 moving average (O-3,O-8h) greater than 60ppb. Results of air quality monitoring data from 1994 to 2003 in Taipei City indicate that the 99th percentile ...
0
191,694
Testing the unifying theory of ozone sensitivity with mature trees of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies
Nunn, AJ; Wieser, G; Reiter, IM; Haberle, KH; Grote, R; Havranek, WM; Matyssek, R
2,006
The broad range in plant responses to chronic O-3 exposure compels a search for integrative, underlying principles. One such approach is the unifying theory proposed by Reich (1987), which combines the O-3 response of contrasting physiognomic classes of plants on the basis of their intrinsic leaf diffusive conductance ...
0
89,569
Relationship between flux and resident concentrations for anomalous dispersion
Zhang, Y; Baeumer, B; Benson, DA
2,006
A concentration measurement in the field or laboratory will be most closely related to either the resident or the flux concentration. The former describes all solute particles present at some point while the latter describes solute particles that have moved irrevocably past some point. In addition, either measurement m...
0
191,439
Growth and visible injuries of four Centaurea jacea L. ecotypes exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide
Ramo, K; Slotte, H; Kanerva, T; Ojanpera, K; Manninen, S
2,006
We studied the variation in the responses of brown knapweed (Centaureajacea) ecotypes from Finland and Switzerland to elevated 03 and CO2 and, the possible role of CO2 as a factor modifying O-3 sensitivity. Individuals of four C jacea ecotypes were exposed to elevated O-3 (40 ppb) and CO2 (450 ppm) alone or in combinat...
0
191,407
Foliage surface ozone deposition: A role for surface moisture?
Altimir, N; Kolari, P; Tuovinen, JP; Vesala, T; Back, J; Suni, T; Kulmala, M; Hari, P
2,006
This paper addresses the potential role of surface wetness in ozone deposition to plant foliage. We studied Scots pine foliage in field conditions at the SMEARII field measurement station in Finland. We used a combination of data from flux measurement at the shoot ( enclosure) and canopy scale (eddy covariance), inform...
0
119,950
An observational and numerical study of the effects of the late sea breeze on ozone distributions in the Busan metropolitan area, Korea
Oh, IB; Kim, YK; Lee, HW; Kim, CH
2,006
null
0
191,377
Enhanced tolerance to ozone and drought stresses in transgenic tobacco overexpressing dehydroascorbate reductase in cytosol
Eltayeb, AE; Kawano, N; Badawi, GH; Kaminaka, H; Sanekata, T; Morishima, I; Shibahara, T; Inanaga, S; Tanaka, K
2,006
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is a potent antioxidant protecting plants against oxidative damage imposed by environmental stresses such as ozone and drought. Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR; EC 1.8.5.1) is one of the two important enzymes functioning in the regeneration of ascorbate (AsA). To examine the protective role of DH...
1
121,678
A critical review and analysis of the use of exposure- and flux-based ozone indices for predicting vegetation effects
Musselman, RC; Lefohn, AS; Massman, WJ; Heath, RL
2,006
Early studies of plant response to ozone (O3) utilized concentration-based metrics, primarily by summarizing the commonly monitored hourly average data sets. Research with the O3 concentration parameter led to the recognition that both peak concentrations and cumulative effects are important when relating plant respons...
1
600,436
Estimating long term urban exposure to particulate matter and ozone in Europe
Arvanitis, A; Moussiopoulos, N
2,006
Abstract: OFIS is a robust and efficient model for simulating the formation of photochemical pollutants in an urban plume. In this paper we present applications of the recent further development of OFIS for calculating both particulate matter and ozone concentrations. In particular, we refer to the analysis of the mode...
0
180,226
Dog ownership enhances symptomatic responses to air pollution in children with asthma
Mcconnell, R; Berhane, K; Molitor, J; Gilliland, F; Kunzli, N; Thorne, PS; Thomas, D; Gauderman, WJ; Avol, E; Lurmann, F; Rappaport, E; Jerrett, M; Peters, J
2,006
BACKGROUND: Experimental data suggest that asthma exacerbation by ambient air pollutants is enhanced by exposure to endotoxin and allergens; however, there is little supporting epidemiologic evidence. METHODS: We evaluated whether the association of exposure to air pollution with annual prevalence of chronic cough, phl...
0
191,545
O3 impacts on plant development: A meta-analysis of root/shoot allocation and growth
Grantz, DA; Gunn, S; Vu, HB
2,006
The mechanism of O-3 action on plants remains poorly characterized. Symptoms include visible lesions on the leaf surface, reduced growth and a hypothesized reduction in allocation of carbohydrate to roots. The generality of this latter phenomenon has not been demonstrated. Here, a meta-analysis is performed of all avai...
1
93,284
Interannual climatic variation mediates elevated CO2 and O3 effects on forest growth
Kubiske, ME; Quinn, VS; Heilman, WE; Mcdonald, EP; Marquardt, PE; Teclaw, RM; Friend, AL; Karnoskey, DF
2,006
We analyzed growth data from model aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest ecosystems grown in elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]; 518 mu L L-1) and ozone concentrations ([O-3]; 1.5 x background of 30-40 nL L-1 during daylight hours) for 7 years using free-air CO2 enrichment technology to determine how intera...
1
90,804
Airway hyperresponsiveness as a determinant of the early asthmatic response to inhaled allergen
Cockcroft, DW; Davis, BE
2,006
null
0
191,391
Evidence for potential impacts of ozone on Pinus cembra L. at mountain sites in Europe: An overview
Wieser, G; Manning, WJ; Tausz, M; Bytnerowicz, A
2,006
We summarize what is known about the impact of ozone (O-3) on Pinus cembra in the timberline ecotone of the central European Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. In the central European Alps exposure to ambient and two-fold ambient O-3 throughout one growing season did neither cause any visible injury nor affect the phot...
1
613,669
Awareness of and compliance with air pollution advisories: A comparison of parents of asthmatics with other parents
Mcdermott, M; Srivastava, R; Croskell, S
2,006
Objectives. To determine parents' awareness of and compliance with air pollution advisories, and to compare the awareness and compliance of parents' of asthmatics to that of other parents. Methods. Responses of 240 parents surveyed at pediatric clinic visits were compared. Results. A total of 88% of parents were aware ...
1
89,818
Maternal exposure to low levels of ambient air pollution and preterm birth in Brisbane, Australia
Hansen, C; Neller, A; Williams, G; Simpson, R
2,006
Background? There is evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Objective? To assess preterm birth (PTB) in relation to maternal exposure to ambient air pollution. Design? Retrospective cohort. Setting? Brisbane, Australia. Sample? A total of...
1
625,253
The preterm parturition syndrome
Romero, R; Espinoza, J; Kusanovic, JP; Gotsch, F; Hassan, S; Erez, O; Chaiworapongsa, T; Mazor, M
2,006
The implicit paradigm that has governed the study and clinical management of preterm labour is that term and preterm parturition are the same processes, except for the gestational age at which they occur. Indeed, both share a common pathway composed of uterine contractility, cervical dilatation and activation of the me...
1
190,531
International consortium for atmospheric research on transport and transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe: Overview of the 2004 summer field study
Fehsenfeld, FC; Ancellet, G; Bates, TS; Goldstein, AH; Hardesty, RM; Honrath, R; Law, KS; Lewis, AC; Leaitch, R; Mckeen, S; Meagher, J; Parrish, DD; Pszenny, AAP; Russell, PB; Schlager, H; Seinfeld, J; Talbot, R; Zbinden, R
2,006
In the summer of 2004 several separate field programs intensively studied the photochemical, heterogeneous chemical and radiative environment of the troposphere over North America, the North Atlantic Ocean, and western Europe. Previous studies have indicated that the transport of continental emissions, particularly fro...
1
630,275
Radiative forcing since preindustrial times due to ozone change in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere
Gauss, M; Myhre, G; Isaksen, ISA; Grewe, V; Pitari, G; Wild, O; Collins, WJ; Dentener, FJ; Ellingsen, K; Gohar, LK; Hauglustaine, DA; Iachetti, D; Lamarque, JF; Mancini, E; Mickley, LJ; Prather, MJ; Pyle, JA; Sanderson, MG; Shine, KP; Stevenson, DS; Sudo, K; Szopa, S; Zeng, G
2,006
Changes in atmospheric ozone have occurred since the preindustrial era as a result of increasing anthropogenic emissions. Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, ozone changes between 1850 and 2000 are assessed for the troposphere and the lower stratosphere (up to 30 km) by a variety of seven chemistry-climate...
1
91,241
Air pollution: to the heart of the matter
Nawrot, TS; Nemmar, A; Nemery, B
2,006
#Air pollution consists of both gaseous and particulate-matter pollutants. The former include nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The latter consist of particulate matter of varying aerodynamic diameter, as defined by cutoff pointsufor example, particles with diameters of ,10 mm (PM10) or ,2....
0
147,125
Formulating the relationship between ozone pollution features and the transition value of photochemical indicators
Chen, TF; Chang, KH
2,006
null
0
191,468
Influence of atmospheric pollutants on agriculture in developing countries: A case study with three new wheat varieties in Pakistan
Wahid, A
2,006
The performance of three wheat varieties (Inqilab-91, Punjab-96, Pasban-90) was investigated in open-top chambers with charcoal-filtered air (FA), unfiltered air (UFA) and unchambered field plots (AA) during the 2003-2004 season at a semi-urban site in Lahore, Pakistan. The 8-h daily mean O-3, NO2 and SO2 concentration...
0
88,292
Intraurban-scale dispersion modelling of particulate matter concentrations: applications for exposure estimates in cohort studies
Wilson, JG; Zawar-Reza, P
2,006
#Epidemiological studies relating air pollution to health effects often estimate personal exposure to particulate matter using values from a central ambient monitoring site as a proxy. However, when there is a significant amount of variation in particulate concentrations across an urban area, the use of central sites m...
0
146,112
Dependence of ozone sensitivity analysis on grid resolution
Cohan, DS; Hu, Y; Russell, AG
2,006
We examine the extent to which the sensitivity of ground-level ozone concentrations to precursor emissions varies with grid resolution in a regional air quality model. Nested grids of 36-, 12- and 4-km resolution are applied to model an air pollution episode in Georgia. A direct sensitivity analysis method is used to c...
0
199,272
A relaxed-eddy-accumulation method for the measurement of isoprenoid canopy-fluxes using an online gas-chromatographic technique and PTR-MS simultaneously
Graus, M; Hansel, A; Wisthaler, A; Lindinger, C; Forkel, R; Hauff, K; Klauer, M; Pfichner, A; Rappengluck, B; Steigner, D; Steinbrecher, R
2,006
A relaxed-eddy-accumulation set-up using an online gas-chromatographic technique and proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry was applied to determine isoprenoid fluxes above a Norway spruce forest in July 2001/2002. The system was quality assured and its suitability for determination of canopy fluxes of isoprenoids ...
0
121,149
Modeling the impacts of emission events on ozone formation in Houston, Texas
Nam, J; Kimura, Y; Vizuete, W; Murphy, C; Allen, DT
2,006
The Houston/Galveston region has a large number of industrial point sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx, and observational data have shown that high concentrations of ozone are formed rapidly in the plumes of these industrial facilities. Some of the highly reactive VOC emissions from these facilities c...
0
91,258
A case-crossover study of fine particulate matter air pollution and onset of congestive heart failure symptom exacerbation leading to hospitalization
Symons, JM; Wang, L; Guallar, E; Howell, E; Dominici, F; Schwab, M; Ange, BA; Samet, J; Ondov, J; Harrison, D; Geyh, A
2,006
Persons with congestive heart failure may be susceptible to ambient air pollution. The authors evaluated the association between exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 microm (PM2.5) and onset of symptom exacerbation leading to hospital admission in Baltimore, Maryland. They used a case-cro...
1
90,157
Deposition and emissions of reactive nitrogen over European forests: a modelling study
Simpson, D; Butterbach-Bahl, K; Fagerli, H; Kesik, M; Skiba, U; Tang, S
2,006
#The EMEP MSC-W Eulerian chemical transport model is used to investigate a number of features concerning the concentrations and depositions of reactive nitrogen species over Europe, with a focus on forest ecosystems and soil emissions. We illustrate the relative contributions of oxidised versus reduced nitrogen, and of...
0
596,388
Increased susceptibility of the lungs of hyperthyroid rats to oxidant injury: Specificity of effects
Huffman, LJ; Beighley, CM; Frazer, DG; Mckinney, WG; Porter, DW
2,006
Results from previous studies indicate that hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity. This observation raised the possibility that pulmonary damage from other oxidant substances might be greater in a hyperthyroid state. To address this hypothesis, pulmonary responses to crystalline silica, a pa...
1
92,747
Ten-year effect of dolomitic lime on the nutrition, crown vigor, and growth of sugar maple
Moore, JD; Ouimet, R
2,006
In a base-poor northern hardwood stand in Quebec, subjected to high acid deposition, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) nutrition, growth, and crown vigor were evaluated 10 years after application of 0-50 t center dot ha(-1) of CaMg(CO3)(2) in 1994. One decade after treatment, foliar calcium and magnesium concentratio...
0
89,812
Ambient air pollution and asthma exacerbations in children: An eight-city analysis
Schildcrout, JS; Sheppard, L; Lumley, T; Slaughter, JC; Koenig, JQ; Shapiro, GG
2,006
The authors investigated the relation between ambient concentrations of five of the Environmental Protection Agency's criteria pollutants and asthma exacerbations (daily symptoms and use of rescue inhalers) among 990 children in eight North American cities during the 22-month prerandomization phase (November 1993-Septe...
1
146,585
Anticipated yield loss in field-grown soybean under elevated ozone can be avoided at the expense of leaf growth during early reproductive growth stages in favourable environmental conditions
Christ, MM; Ainsworth, EA; Nelson, R; Schurr, U; Walter, A
2,006
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent which is responsible for more damage to vegetation than any other air pollutant. In this study, leaf growth, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate content were analysed during the seed-filling growth stage of field-grown soybeans exposed to ambient air and 1.2 times ambient ozone concentr...
0
91,423
Calcium addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest reduced winter injury to red spruce in a high-injury year
Hawley, GJ; Schaberg, PG; Eagar, C; Borer, CH
2,006
Laboratory experiments have verified that acid-deposition-induced calcium (Ca) leaching reduces the foliar cold tolerance of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) current-year foliage, increasing the risk of winter injury and crown deterioration. However, to date no studies have shown that ambient losses in soil Ca have resu...
0
694,269
Influences of man-made emissions and climate changes on tropospheric ozone, methane, and sulfate at 2030 from a broad range of possible futures
Unger, N; Shindell, DT; Koch, DM; Amann, M; Cofala, J; Streets, DG
2,006
[ 1] We apply the Goddard Institute for Space Studies composition-climate model to an assessment of tropospheric O-3, CH4, and sulfate at 2030. We compare four different anthropogenic emissions forecasts: A1B and B1 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios and Current Leg...
0
88,596
Toxicological interactions in the respiratory system after inhalation of ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol mixtures
Kleinman, M; Phalen, R
2,006
A factorial design study was performed to examine the acute effects of inhaled acid particles alone and in mixtures with ozone to test the hypothesis that acid particles and ozone would act synergistically. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only for a single 4-h period to all 9 possible combinations of purified air...
0
689,505
Introduction to the errata: ?Diagnosis of abiotic and biotic stress factors using the visible symptoms in foliage?
Vollenweider, P; Gunthardt-Goerg, MS
2,006
null
0
89,802
Effects of instrument precision and spatial variability on the assessment of the temporal variation of ambient air pollution in Atlanta, Georgia
Wade, KS; Mulholland, JA; Marmur, A; Russell, AG; Hartsell, B; Edgerton, E; Klein, M; Waller, L; Peel, JL; Tolbert, PE
2,006
Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System, the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization database, and the Assessment of Spatial Aerosol Composition in Atlanta database for 1999 through 2002 have been used to characterize error associated with instrument precision and spatial variab...
0
191,448
Identification of late O-3-responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by cDNA microarray analysis
D'Haese, D; Horemans, N; De Coen, W; Guisez, Y
2,006
To better understand the response of a plant to O-3 stress, an integrated microarray analysis was performed on Arabidopsis plants exposed during 2 days to purified air or 150 nl l(-1) O-3, 8 h day-1. Agilent Arabidopsis 2 Oligo Microarrays were used of which the reliability was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR o...
0
191,412
Food for thought: Lower-than-expected crop yield stimulation with rising CO2 concentrations
Long, SP; Ainsworth, EA; Leakey, ADB; Nosberger, J; Ort, DR
2,006
Model projections suggest that although increased temperature and decreased soil moisture will act to reduce global crop yields by 2050, the direct fertilization effect of rising carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) will offset these tosses. The CO2 fertilization factors used in models to project future yields were der...
0
513,418
Lead contamination of an old shooting range affecting the local ecosystem: A case study with a holistic approach
Rantalainen, ML; Torkkeli, M; Strommer, R; Setala, H
2,006
The aim of this case study was to uncover the consequences of lead pellet-derived heavy lead contamination at a cast-off shooting range in southern Finland, covering aspects from soil chemistry and biology up to ecosystem level. The observed changes in the soil properties of the most contaminated areas suggest that the...
0
191,663
Seasonal variation of mono- and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine
Hakola, H; Tarvainen, V; Back, J; Ranta, H; Bonn, B; Rinne, J; Kulmala, M
2,006
The seasonal variation of mono-and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine was measured from April to October in 2004. The emission rates were measured daily in the afternoons with the exception of weekends. Emissions were measured from two branches; one of them was debudded in May (branch A), while the other was al...
0
92,065
Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems: Evolving views over three decades
Howarth, RW; Marino, R
2,006
The first special volume of Limnology and Oceanography, published in 1972, focused on whether phosphorus (P) or carbon (C) is the major agent causing eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. Only slight mention was made that estuaries may behave differently from lakes and that nitrogen (N) may cause eutrophication in estu...
0
595,161
Atmospheric pollution measurement with a multi-materials sensing device
Kamionka, M; Breuil, P; Pijolat, C
2,006
The aim of this work is to realize a device with semiconductor gas sensors for the measurement of the two more important air pollution components: ozone and ?automotive traffic? pollution. This device is made with three different thick film layers deposited on an alumina heating substrate. Electrical conductivities are...
0
196,965
Physiological and biochemical stress responses in grassland species are influenced by both early-season ozone exposure and interspecific competition
Scebba, F; Canaccini, F; Castagna, A; Bender, J; Weigel, HJ; Ranieri, A
2,006
The effects of two-year early season ozone exposure on physiological and biochemical stress response were investigated in model plant communities. Achillea millefolium and Veronica chamaedrys target plants were grown in monocultures and in mixed cultures with Poa pratensis (phytometer) and exposed in open-top chambers ...
0
107,698
Chemical characterization of air pollution in Eastern China and the Eastern United States
Tie, X; Brasseur, GP; Zhao, CS; Granier, C; Massie, S; Qin, Y; Wang, PC; Wang, G; Yang, PC; Richter, A
2,006
Satellite data (MODIS, GOME, and MOPITT) together with a chemical transport global model of the atmosphere (MOZART-2) are used to characterize air pollution in Eastern China and the Eastern US to assess the differences between the photochemical conditions in these two regions. Observations show that aerosol concentrati...
0
651,817
Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2005
Andrady, A; Aucamp, PJ; Bais, AF; Ballare, CL; Bjorn, LO; Bornman, JF; Caldwell, M; Cullen, AP; Erickson, DJ; de Gruijl, FR; Hader, DP; Ilyas, M; Kulandaivelu, G; Kumar, HD; Longstreth, J; Mckenzie, RL; Norval, M; Redhwi, HH; Smith, RC; Solomon, KR; Sulzberger, B; Takizawa, Y; Tang, XY; Teramura, AH; Torikai, A; van De...
2,006
Since the first assessments in 1989, the complexity of the linkages between ozone depletion, UV- B radiation and climate change has become more apparent. This makes it even clearer than before that we are dealing with long-term developments, which can be complicated by large year-to-year variability.
0
680,101
Survey of levels of phthalate ester plasticizers in a sewage lagoon effluent and a receiving stream
Ogunfowokan, AO; Torto, N; Adenuga, AA; Okoh, EK
2,006
In this study, samples from a sewage treatment lagoon and those from a receiving stream were analyzed for their phthalate esters content. Knowledge of the distribution of ubiquitous phthalate esters in the sewage lagoon and the receiving stream was necessary because of the reports of their subtle toxicity to aquatic bi...
0
89,172
Nocturnal odd-oxygen budget and its implications for ozone loss in the lower troposphere
Brown, SS; Neuman, JA; Ryerson, TB; Trainer, M; Dube, WP; Holloway, JS; Warneke, C; De Gouw, JA; Donnelly, SG; Atlas, E; Matthew, B; Middlebrook, AM; Peltier, R; Weber, RJ; Stohl, A; Meagher, JF; Fehsenfeld, FC; Ravishankara, AR
2,006
Nitrogen oxides are important to the regulation of ozone throughout the Earths atmosphere. Of particular interest for regional air quality is photochemical production and nocturnal destruction of O-3 in the lower troposphere in high NOx(= NO + NO2) environments. Nocturnal tropospheric odd oxygen (O-x), defined as O-3 +...
0
191,480
Interaction between ozone exposure and iron nutrition in two tobacco cultivars
Alcantara, E; de la Guardia, MD; Montilla, I; Romera, FJ
2,006
The initial objective was to confirm evidence, obtained from field grown plants, for iron (Fe) accumulation in leaves under ozone exposure. Tobacco plants were grown in pots under either open air or growth chamber conditions. The ozone-sensitive cultivar Bel W3 showed symptoms of ozone injury only when grown outside, w...
0
191,699
Transcriptomic footprints disclose specificity of reactive oxygen species signaling in Arabidopsis
Gadjev, I; Vanderauwera, S; Gechev, TS; Laloi, C; Minkov, IN; Shulaev, V; Apel, K; Inze, D; Mittler, R; Van Breusegem, F
2,006
Reactive oxygen species ( ROS) are key players in the regulation of plant development, stress responses, and programmed cell death. Previous studies indicated that depending on the type of ROS ( hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, or singlet oxygen) or its subcellular production site ( plastidic, cytosolic, peroxisomal, or ...
0
87,785
NIST chemical kinetics database on the web
null
2,006
The NIST Chemical Kinetics Database includes essentially all reported kinetics results for thermal gas-phase chemical reactions. The database is designed to be searched for kinetics data based on the specific reactants involved, for reactions resulting in specified products, for all the reactions of a particular specie...
0
191,609
Physiological responses of forest trees to heat and drought
Rennenberg, H; Loreto, F; Polle, A; Brilli, F; Fares, S; Beniwal, RS; Gessler, A
2,006
The heat wave of summer 2003 was the largest and the most persistent ever experienced in Central Europe and has fuelled concern about the effects of climate change on European ecosystems. Since forests constitute the most important European ecosystems, in this review article we assess current knowledge on the effects o...
0
87,817
Multilevel zero-inflated Poisson regression modelling of correlated count data with excess zeros
Lee, AH; Wang, K; Scott, JA; Yau, KKW; McLachlan, GJ
2,006
null
0
191,325
Effect of surface ozone exposure on vegetation in the rural area of Aliartos, Greece
Paliatsos, AG; Koronakis, PS; Kaldellis, IK
2,006
The critical level of air pollutants in the atmosphere is the concentration above which adverse effects occur on sensitive receptors, such as plants and ecosystems. Ozone is the most important air pollutant in Europe affecting vegetation and forest ecosystems and its increase in the last decades is significant. The cur...
0
97,647
Spatial association between speciated fine particles and mortality
Fuentes, M; Song, HR; Ghosh, SK; Holland, DM; Davis, JM
2,006
Particulate matter (PM) has been linked to a range of serious cardiovascular and respiratory health problems, including premature mortality. The main objective of our research is to quantify uncertainties about the impacts of fine PM exposure on mortality. We develop a multivariate spatial regression model for the esti...
0
100,571
High-resolution spatial patterns of long-term mean concentrations of air pollutants in Haifa Bay area
Yuval; Broday, DM
2,006
High-resolution maps of the mean concentrations of SO2, NO, NO2, PM10, and PM10 in the period 2002-2004 were produced using half-hourly data from the local air quality monitoring network in Haifa Bay area, Israel. The network consists of 20 monitoring stations within an area of 206 km, which encompasses a major industr...
0
91,011
Meta-analysis of studies of alcohol and breast cancer with consideration of the methodological issues
Key, J; Hodgson, S; Omar, RZ; Jensen, TK; Thompson, SG; Boobis, AR; Davies, DS; Elliott, P
2,006
OBJECTIVE: To give an up-to-date assessment of the association of alcohol with female breast cancer, addressing methodological issues and shortfalls in previous overviews. METHODS: Meta-analysis of studies (any language) providing original data on incidence of first primary breast cancer and alcohol. Two reviewers inde...
0