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647,301
United States: Population by race
null
2,010
On the 2000 Census questionnaire, "race" and "Hispanic ethnicity" are listed as separate questions. A person of Hispanic ethnicity is anyone who identifies with that social group, and so can be of any race. This can make data on race and ethnicity difficult to interpret. Race data is also difficult to compare from Cen...
1
384,790
Estimation of short-term effects of air pollution on stroke hospital admissions in southern Sweden
Oudin, A; Stromberg, U; Jakobsson, K; Stroh, E; Bjork, J
2,010
Background: Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution can increase stroke risk. In this study we investigated the short-term effects of air pollution on hospital admissions for stroke in a setting where pollutant levels are rather low. We also addressed methodological issues in evaluating the short-term effec...
1
647,298
United States: Age distribution
null
2,010
When drawn as a "population pyramid," age distribution can hint at patterns of growth. A top heavy pyramid, like the one for Grant County, North Dakota, suggests negative population growth that might be due to any number of factors, including high death rates, low birth rates, and increased emigration from the area. A ...
1
667,866
Vital signs: State-specific obesity prevalence among adults - United States, 2009
Sherry, B; Blanck, HM; Galuska, DA; Pan, L; Dietz, WH; Balluz, L
2,010
Background: Obesity is a costly condition that can reduce quality of life and increases the risk for many serious chronic diseases and premature death. The U.S. Surgeon General issued the Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity in 2001, and in 2007, no state had met the Healthy People 2010 objecti...
1
644,392
Growth and physiological responses to ozone and mild drought stress of tree species with different ecological requirements
Pollastrini, M; Desotgiu, R; Cascio, C; Bussotti, F; Cherubini, P; Saurer, M; Gerosa, G; Marzuoli, R
2,010
An open-top chamber experiment was carried out in Curno (Northern Italy) in 2004 and 2005 on seedlings of Fagus sylvatica (FS), Quercus robur (QR), and an ozone-sensitive Populus (POP) clone, to investigate the role of two stress factors: tropospheric ozone and water shortage. Treatments were filtered air to achieve a ...
1
596,479
Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on forests: Phytochemistry, trophic interactions, and ecosystem dynamics
Lindroth, RL
2,010
"Prominent among the many factors now affecting the sustainability of forest ecosystems are anthropogenically-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O-3). CO2 is the substrate for photosynthesis and thus can accelerate tree growth, whereas O-3 is a highly reactive oxygen species and interferes with basic physiologic...
1
677,203
Erratum: Exposure error masks the relationship between traffic-related air pollution and heart rate variability
Suh, HH; Zanobetti, A
2,010
We examined whether more precise exposure measures would better detect associations between traffic-related pollution, elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and heart rate variability (HRV).<br /><br /> Repeated 24-hour personal and ambient PM2.5, EC, and NO2 were measured for 30 people living in Atlanta, GA. ...
1
644,278
Advances of air pollution science: From forest decline to multiple-stress effects on forest ecosystem services
Paoletti, E; Schaub, M; Matyssek, R; Wieser, G; Augustaitis, A; Bastrup-Birk, AM; Bytnerowicz, A; Gunthardt-Goerg, MS; Muller-Starck, G; Serengil, Y
2,010
Over the past 20 years, the focus of forest science on air pollution has moved from forest decline to a holistic framework of forest health, and from the effects on forest production to the ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems. Hence, future research should focus on the interacting factorial impacts and res...
0
758,738
Resolving intercontinental pollution plumes in global models of atmospheric transport
Rastigejev, Y; Park, R; Brenner, MP; Jacob, DJ
2,010
Synoptic?scale pollution plumes in the free troposphere can preserve their identity as well?defined structures for a week or more while traveling around the globe. Eulerian chemical transport models (CTMs) have difficulty reproducing these layered structures due to numerical plume dissipation. We show that this dissipa...
1
644,379
Advances in understanding ozone impact on forest trees: Messages from novel phytotron and free-air fumigation studies
Matyssek, R; Karnosky, DF; Wieser, G; Percy, K; Oksanen, E; Grams, TEE; Kubiske, M; Hanke, D; Pretzsch, H
2,010
Recent evidence from novel phytotron and free-air ozone (O-3) fumigation experiments in Europe and America on forest tree species is highlighted in relation to previous chamber studies. Differences in O-3 sensitivity between pioneer and climax species are examined and viewed for trees growing at the harsh alpine timber...
0
380,839
Ozone fluxes in a Pinus ponderosa ecosystem are dominated by non-stomatal processes: Evidence from long-term continuous measurements
Fares, S; Mckay, M; Holzinger, R; Goldstein, AH
2,010
Ecosystems remove ozone from the troposphere through both stomatal and non-stomatal depositions. The portion of ozone taken up through stomata has an oxidative effect causing damage. We used a multi-year dataset to assess ozone deposition to a ponderosa pine plantation near Blodgett Forest, Georgetown, California. Envi...
1
677,539
MOBILE6 vehicle emission modeling software
null
2,010
This Web page provides the MOBILE6 Vehicle Emission Modeling Software and related presentations and training resources. MOBILE6 is an emission factor model for predicting gram per mile emissions of Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Particulate Matter (PM), and toxics...
1
677,487
Air quality data branch main page
null
2,010
null
1
785,538
Pollution influences on atmospheric composition and chemistry at high northern latitudes: Boreal and California forest fire emissions
Singh, HB; Anderson, BE; Brune, WH; Cai, C; Cohen, RC; Crawford, JH; Cubison, MJ; Czech, EP; Emmons, L; Fuelberg, HE
2,010
We analyze detailed atmospheric gas/aerosol composition data acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) airborne campaign performed at high northern latitudes in spring (ARCTAS-A) and summer (ARCTAS-B) and in California in summer (ARCTAS-CAR...
1
628,524
Gas exchange, antioxidants and foliar injuries in saplings of a tropical woody species exposed to ozone
Pina, JM; Moraes, RM
2,010
Ozone (O3) reaches phytotoxical concentrations in the tropics, but the sensitivity of tropical plant species to O3 remains unknown. Visible foliar injuries, carbon assimilation (Asat), stomatal conductance, superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) activity and ascorbic acid concentration (AA) were evaluated in different-aged ...
0
644,383
Combining sap flow and eddy covariance approaches to derive stomatal and non-stomatal O-3 fluxes in a forest stand
Nunn, AJ; Cieslik, S; Metzger, U; Wieser, G; Matyssek, R
2,010
Stomatal O-3 fluxes to a mixed beech/spruce stand (Fagus sylvatica/Picea abies) in Central Europe were determined using two different approaches. The sap flow technique yielded the tree-level transpiration, whereas the eddy covariance method provided the stand-level evapotranspiration. Both data were then converted int...
0
386,512
Ozone exposure enhances mast-cell inflammation in asthmatic airways despite inhaled corticosteroid therapy
Stenfors, N; Bosson, J; Helleday, R; Behndig, AF; Pourazar, J; Tornqvist, H; Kelly, FJ; Frew, AJ; Sandstrom, T; Mudway, IS; Blomber, A
2,010
Asthmatics are recognised to be more susceptible than healthy individuals to adverse health effects caused by exposure to the common air pollutant ozone. Ozone has been reported to induce airway neutrophilia in mild asthmatics, but little is known about how it affects the airways of asthmatic subjects on inhaled cortic...
1
644,256
Effect of ambient-level gas-phase peroxides on foliar injury, growth, and net photosynthesis in Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus)
Chen, X; Aoki, M; Takami, A; Chai, F; Hatakeyama, S
2,010
To investigate the effects of ambient-level gas-phase peroxides concurrent with O-3 on foliar injury, photosynthesis, and biomass in herbaceous plants, we exposed Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus) to clean air, 50 ppb O-3, 100 ppb O-3, and 2-3 ppb peroxides + 50 ppb O-3 in outdoor chambers. Compared with exposure to 1...
0
595,124
Simultaneous DOAS and mist-chamber IC measurements of HONO in Houston, TX
Stutz, J; Oh, HJ; Whitlow, SI; Anderson, C; Dibb, JE; Flynn, JH; Rappengluck, B; Lefe, B
2,010
Nitrous acid is an important component of nighttime N-oxide chemistry, and provides a significant source of both OH and NO in polluted urban air masses shortly after sunrise. Several recent studies have called for new sources of HONO to account for daytime levels much higher than are consistent with current understandi...
1
595,444
Ambient air pollution and respiratory health effects in mail carriers
Karakatsani, A; Kapitsimadis, F; Pipikou, M; Chalbot, MC; Kavouras, IG; Orphanidou, D; Papiris, S; Katsouyanni, K
2,010
Mail carriers represent an occupational group suffering from respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment. Although environmental conditions may play role, information on the effects of air pollution exposure in this population is lacking. The present study was conducted in Athens, Greece, in order to investigate ...
0
644,679
Performance of the invasive weevil Polydrusus sericeus is influenced by atmospheric CO2 and host species
Hillstrom, ML; Vigue, LM; Coyle, DR; Raffa, KF; Lindroth, RL
2,010
Natural forest systems constitute a major portion of the world's land area, and are subject to the potentially negative effects of both global climate change and invasion by exotic insects. A suite of invasive weevils has become established in the northern hardwood forests of North America. How these insects will respo...
1
733,102
Ozone exposure differentially affects oxidative stress parameters in distinct Phaseolus vulgaris L. varieties
Caregnato, F; Clebsch, C; Rocha, R; Feistauer, L; Oliveira, P; Divan junior, A; Moreira, J
2,010
Different oxidative stress parameters of four Brazilian varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris exposed to toxic O3 concentrations were compared with the well-established bioindicator variety Pinto 111. Analysis of catalase (CAT) activity, lipoperoxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels demonstrated that the varieties pr...
0
386,275
Variability in antioxidant and metabolite levels, growth and yield of two soybean varieties: An assessment of anticipated yield losses under projected elevation of ozone
Singh, E; Tiwari, S; Agrawal, M
2,010
Global mean tropospheric ozone concentration is expected to increase by more than 20% by 2050. Although the present levels of ozone may not induce visible symptoms in most of the plants, they can result in substantial production losses and reproductive output. There are wide variations in ozone sensitivity among variet...
1
377,143
Ozone activates airway nerves via the selective stimulation of TRPA1 ion channels
Taylor-Clark, TE; Undem, BJ
2,010
Inhalation of ozone is a major health risk in industrialized nations. Ozone can impair lung function and induce respiratory symptoms through sensory neural-mediated pathways, yet the specific interaction of ozone with airway sensory nerves has yet to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate, using a vagally-innervated ex viv...
1
689,737
The potential of biomonitoring of air quality using leaf characteristics of white willow (Salix alba L.)
Wuytack, T; Verheyen, K; Wuyts, K; Kardel, F; Adriaenssens, S; Samson, R
2,010
In this study, we assess the potential of white willow (Salix alba L.) as bioindicator for monitoring of air quality. Therefore, shoot biomass, specific leaf area, stomatal density, stomatal pore surface, and stomatal resistance were assessed from leaves of stem cuttings. The stem cuttings were introduced in two region...
0
386,859
Baseline repeated measures from controlled human exposure studies: Associations between ambient air pollution exposure and the systemic inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and fibrinogen
Thompson, AM; Zanobetti, A; Silverman, F; Schwartz, J; Coull, B; Urch, B; Speck, M; Brook, JR; Manno, M; Gold, DR
2,010
INTRODUCTION: Systemic inflammation may be one of the mechanisms mediating the association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen are biomarkers of systemic inflammation that are independent risk factors for cardio-vascular disease. OBJECTIVE: We i...
1
202,867
Global sources of local pollution: An assessment of long-range transport of key air pollutants to and from the United States
null
2,010
Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted ...
1
597,250
Reduction in heart rate variability with traffic and air pollution in patients with coronary artery disease
Zanobetti, A; Gold, DR; Stone, PH; Suh, HH; Schwartz, J; Coull, BA; Speizer, FE
2,010
Introduction: Ambient particulate pollution and traffic have been linked to myocardial infarction and cardiac death risk. Possible mechanisms include autonomic cardiac dysfunction.Methods: In a repeated-measures study of 46 patients 4375 years of age, we investigated associations of central-site ambient particulate pol...
1
625,576
In vivo root growth dynamics of ozone exposed Trifolium subterraneum
Vollsnes, AV; Kruse, OMO; Eriksen, AB; Oxaal, U; Futsaether, CM
2,010
Although leaves are the primary sites of tropospheric ozone exposure, it has been postulated that ozone may cause greater and earlier disruption of below-ground growth with long-term consequences for productivity. As plant roots are hidden in soil, the time-course of ozone-induced below-ground changes remains poorly ch...
1
380,846
Increased lung resistance after diesel particulate and ozone co-exposure not associated with enhanced lung inflammation in allergic mice
Farraj, AK; Boykin, E; Ledbetter, A; Andrews, D; Gavett, SH
2,010
Exposure to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP) exacerbates asthma. Likewise, similar effects have been reported with exposure to the oxidizing air pollutant ozone (O(3)). Since levels of both pollutants in ambient air tend to be simultaneously elevated, we investigated the possible synergistic effect of these agen...
1
387,967
Who is affected more by air pollution-sick or healthy? Some evidence from a health survey of schoolchildren living in the vicinity of a coal-fired power plant in Northern Israel
Yogev-Baggio, T; Bibi, H; Dubnov, J; Or-Hen, K; Carel, R; Portnov, BA
2,010
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of exposure to air pollution by NO(x) and SO(2) on the development of pulmonary function of children, characterized by different health status. METHODS: A cohort of 1181 schoolchildren from the 2nd to 5th grades, residing near a major coal-fired power plant in the Hadera district of I...
0
387,104
Attribution of climate forcing to economic sectors
Unger, N; Bond, TC; Wang, JS; Koch, DM; Menon, S; Shindell, DT; Bauer, S
2,010
A much-cited bar chart provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change displays the climate impact, as expressed by radiative forcing in watts per meter squared, of individual chemical species. The organization of the chart reflects the history of atmospheric chemistry, in which investigators typically focuse...
1
632,794
Potential ozone impacts of excess NO2 emissions from diesel particulate filters for on- and off-road diesel engines
Bar-Ilan, A; Johnson, JR; DenBleyker, A; Chan, LT; Yarwood, G; Hitchcock, D; Pinto, JP
2,010
This study considers potential impacts of increased use of diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) and catalyzed diesel particulate filters (DPFs) on ozone formation in the Dallas/ Fort Worth (DFW) area. There is concern that excess nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions from vehicles equipped with these devices could increase amb...
0
689,706
Soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization following deposition of insect frass and greenfall from forests under elevated CO2 and O3
Hillstrom, M; Meehan, TD; Kelly, K; Lindroth, RL
2,010
Elevated CO2 and O3 alter tree quality and the quality of herbivore inputs, such as frass, to forest soil. Altered quality or quantity of herbivore inputs to the forest floor can have large impacts on belowground processes. We collected green leaves and frass from whitemarked tussock moth caterpillars from aspen-birch ...
1
625,685
Identification of novel susceptibility genes in ozone-induced inflammation in mice
Bauer, AK; Travis, EL; Malhotra, SS; Rondini, EA; Walker, C; Cho, HY; Trivedi, S; Gladwell, W; Reddy, S; Kleeberger, SR
2,010
Ozone (O3) remains a prevalent air pollutant and public health concern. Inf2 is a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on murine chromosome 17 that contributes to susceptibility to O3-induced infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the lung, but the mechanisms of susceptibility remain unclear. Th...
0
387,706
Air pollution-related peak expiratory flow rates among asthmatic children in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Wiwatanadate, P; Trakultivakorn, M
2,010
The severity of air pollution in northern Thailand has long been recognized; in spite of that there have been no epidemiological studies regarding the associations between the air pollution and health effects in the area. The authors followed a cohort of 31 asthmatic children (4-11 years of age) residing in Muang distr...
1
647,079
Facing the Future: Evidence from Joint Aspen FACE, SoyFACE and SFB 607 Meeting
Percy, KE; Matyssek, R; King, JS
2,010
null
0
387,113
Concentrated ambient fine particles and not ozone induce a systemic interleukin-6 response in humans
Urch, B; Speck, M; Corey, P; Wasserstein, D; Manno, M; Lukic, KZ; Brook, JR; Liu, L; Coull, B; Schwartz, J; Gold, DR; Silverman, F
2,010
Epidemiological studies have established significant associations between ambient pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and ozone (O(3)), and cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. One mechanism that has been proposed is a pulmonary/systemic inflammatory response. Although controlled human exposure ...
1
670,423
Are there urban signatures in the tropospheric ozone column products derived from satellite measurements?
Kar, J; Fishman, J; Creilson, JK; Richter, A; Ziemke, J; Chandra, S
2,010
In view of the proposed geostationary satellite missions to monitor air quality from space, it is important to first assess the capability of the current suite of satellite instruments to provide information on the urban scale pollution. We explore the possibility of detecting urban signatures in the tropospheric colum...
1
644,184
Impacts of elevated CO2 and O3 on aspen leaf litter chemistry and earthworm and springtail productivity
Meehan, TD; Crossley, MS; Lindroth, RL
2,010
Human alteration of atmospheric composition affects foliar chemistry and has possible implications for the structure and functioning of detrital communities. In this study, we explored the impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaf litter chemistry, earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)...
1
594,252
Outdoor air pollution and uncontrolled asthma in the San Joaquin Valley, California
Meng, YY; Rull, RP; Wilhelm, M; Lombardi, C; Balmes, J; Ritz, B
2,010
Background: The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) in California ranks among the worst in the United States in terms of air quality, and its residents report some of the highest rates of asthma symptoms and asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalizations in California. Using California Health Interview Survey...
1
383,413
Short-term effect of concentrations of fine particulate matter on hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory causes among the over-75 age group in Madrid, Spain
Linares, C; Diaz, J
2,010
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to analyse the effect of daily mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (diameter <2.5 microm; PM(2.5)) on hospital admissions due to circulatory and respiratory causes among an elderly population (>75 years) in Madrid between 2003 and 2005. STUDY DESIGN: Ecological longitudinal time...
1
733,091
Responses of evergreen and deciduous Quercus species to enhanced ozone levels
Calatayud, V; Cervero, J; Calvo, E; Garcia-Breijo, FJ; Reig-Armi?ana, J; Sanz, MJ
2,011
Plants of one evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) and three deciduous oaks (Q. faginea, with small leaves; Q. pyrenaica and Q. robur, with large leaves) were exposed both to filtered air and to enhanced ozone levels in Open-Top Chambers. Q. faginea and Q. pyrenaica were studied for the first time. Based on visible injury, gas...
0
674,869
Lung function and inflammatory responses in healthy young adults exposed to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours
Kim, CS; Alexis, NE; Rappold, AG; Kehrl, H; Hazucha, MJ; Lay, JC; Schmitt, MT; Case, M; Devlin, RB; Peden, DB; Diaz-Sanchez, D
2,011
Rationale: Exposure to ozone causes a decrease in spirometric lung function and an increase in airway inflammation in healthy young adults at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm close to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ground level ozone. Objectives: To test whether airway effects occur below the current oz...
1
670,295
Three days after a single exposure to ozone the mechanism of airway hyperreactivity is dependent upon substance P and nerve growth factor
Verhein, KC; Hazari, MS; Moulton, BC; Jacoby, IW; Jacoby, DB; Fryer, AD
2,011
Ozone causes persistent airway hyperreactivity in humans and animals. One day after ozone airway hyperreactivity is mediated by release of eosinophil major basic protein that inhibits neuronal M(2) muscarinic receptors, resulting in increased acetylcholine release and increased smooth muscle contraction in guinea pigs....
1
749,271
Ozone induces inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells
Song, H; Tan, W; Zhang, X
2,011
Ozone is a main component of secondary pollutants of vehicle exhausts, and ozone exposure to children in urban areas may be associated with the development of asthma. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which ozone affects human airway epithelium and subsequent airway inflammation.<br /><br /> Human bron...
0
699,873
Genetic variations in nitric oxide synthase and arginase influence exhaled nitric oxide levels in children
Salam, M; Bastain, T; Rappaport, E; Islam, T; Berhane, K; Gauderman, W; Gilliland, F
2,011
Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a biomarker of airway inflammation. In the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis pathway, nitric oxide synthases (encoded by NOS1, NOS2A, and NOS3) and arginases (encoded by ARG1 and ARG2) compete for L-arginine. Although FeNO levels are higher in children with asthma/allergy, influence of these co...
0
783,827
Effects of elevated ozone concentration on yield of four Chinese cultivars of winter wheat under fully open-air field conditions
Zhu, X; Feng, Z; Sun, T; Liu, X; Tang, H; Zhu, J; Guo, W; Kobayashi, K
2,011
Four modern cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown under elevated ozone concentration (E-O3) in fully open-air field conditions in China for three consecutive growth seasons from 2007 to 2009. Results indicated that a mean 25% enhancement above the ambient ozone concentration (A-O3, 45.7 p.p.b.) si...
0
733,090
The physiological, transcriptional and genetic responses of an ozone-sensitive and an ozone tolerant poplar and selected extremes of their F2 progeny
Street, NR; James, TM; James, T; Mikael, B; Jaakko, K; Mark, B; Taylor, G
2,011
Relatively little is known about the transcriptional response or genetic control of response and adaptation of trees to tropospheric ozone exposure. Such understanding is needed as up to 50% of forests, globally, may be subjected to phytotoxic concentrations of ozone. The physiological, transcriptional and genetic resp...
1
783,826
Overexpression of SlGMEs leads to ascorbate accumulation with enhanced oxidative stress, cold, and salt tolerance in tomato
Zhang, C; Liu, J; Zhang, Y; Cai, X; Gong, P; Zhang, J; Wang, T; Li, H; Ye, Z
2,011
GDP-Mannose 3',5'-epimerase (GME; EC 5.1.3.18) catalyses the conversion of GDP-D-mannose to GDP-L-galactose, an important step in the ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis pathway in higher plants. In this study, two members of the GME gene family were isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Both SlGME genes encode 376...
0
2,992,017
Visitor attitudes toward fire and wind disturbances in wilderness
Dvorak, RG; Small, ED
2,011
null
0
666,323
Vascular and cardiac impairments in rats Inhaling ozone and diesel exhaust particles
Kodavanti, UP; Thomas, R; Ledbetter, AD; Schladweiler, MC; Shannahan, JH; Wallenborn, JG; Lund, AK; Campen, MJ; Butler, EO; Gottipolu, RR; Nyska, A; Richards, JE; Andrews, D; Jaskot, RH; Mckee, J; Kotha, , SR; Patel, RB; Parianandi, NL
2,011
Background ? Mechanisms of cardiovascular injuries from exposure to gas and particulate air pollutants are unknown. Objective - We hypothesized that episodic exposure of rats to ozone or diesel exhaust particles (DEP) will cause differential cardiovascular impairments, which will be exacerbated by ozone+DEP. Methods an...
1
787,134
Environmental assessment levels for ozone effects on vegetation
Grunhage, L; Bender, J; Jager, HJ; Matyssek, R; Weigel, HJ
2,011
Tropospheric ozone poses a critical threat for human health as well as for vegetation. In the context of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) concentration-based and stomatal flux-based critical levels for vegetation were defined above which direct adverse effects on sensitive vegetation may...
0
664,486
Particulate-matter induced health effects: Who is susceptible?
Sacks, JD; Stanek, LW; Luben, TJ; Johns, DO; Buckley, BJ; Brown, JS; Ross, M
2,011
Objective: To identify populations potentially at greatest risk for particulate matter (PM)-related health effects by evaluating epidemiologic studies that examined various characteristics that may influence susceptibility, while using results from controlled human exposure and toxicological studies as supporting evide...
1
677,060
Trends in relative risk estimates for the association between air pollution and mortality in The Netherlands, 1992?2006
Fischer, PH; Marra, M; Ameling, CB; Janssen, N; Cassee, FR
2,011
BACKGROUND: Daily variations in the levels of air pollution are well known to be associated with daily variations in mortality counts. Given the large number of time-series studies, there is little need for simple replication of these results in additional locations. However, additional analyses of time-series data mig...
0
783,797
Reduced ozone by air filtration consistently improved grain yield in wheat
Pleijel, H
2,011
This study considered effects of reduced [O(3)] on wheat yield. Open-top chamber charcoal filtered air treatments were compared with non-filtered treatments for field-grown wheat. 30 experiments meeting requirements were found, representing nine countries in North America, Europe and Asia. 26 experiments reported impro...
0
783,811
Limited potential of crop management for mitigating surface ozone impacts on global food supply
Teixeira, E; Fischer, G; Van Velthuizen, H; Van Dingenen, R; Dentener, F; Mills, G; Walter, C; Ewert, F
2,011
Surface ozone (O(3)) is a potent phytotoxic air pollutant that reduces the productivity of agricultural crops. Growing use of fossil fuel and climate change are increasing O(3) concentrations to levels that threaten food supply. Historically, farmers have successfully adapted agricultural practices to cope with changin...
0
677,632
Electrocardiographic ST-segment depression and exposure to traffic?related aerosols in elderly subjects with coronary artery disease
Delfino, RJ; Gillen, DL; Tjoa, T; Staimer, N; Polidori, A; Arhami, M; Sioutas, C; Longhurst, J
2,011
Background: Air pollutants have not been associated with ambulatory electrocardiographic evidence of ST-segment depression ? 1 mm (probable cardiac ischemia). We previously found that markers of primary (combustion-related) organic aerosols and gases were positively associated with circulating biomarkers of inflammatio...
1
782,680
The extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Gettelman, A; Hoor, P; Pan, LL; Randel, WJ; Hegglin, MI; Birner, T
2,011
The extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (Ex-UTLS) is a transition region between the stratosphere and the troposphere. The Ex-UTLS includes the tropopause, a strong static stability gradient and dynamic barrier to transport. The barrier is reflected in tracer profiles. This region exhibits complex dy...
0
783,774
The relationships between air pollutants, meteorological parameters and concentration of airborne fungal spores
Grinn-Gofron, A; Strzelczak, A; Wolski, T
2,011
Fungal spores are an important component of bioaerosol and also considered to act as indicator of the level of atmospheric bio-pollution. Therefore, better understanding of these phenomena demands a detailed survey of airborne particles. The objective of this study was to examine the dependence of two the most importan...
0
670,847
Residential air pollution and otitis media during the first two years of life
MacIntyre, EA; Karr, CJ; Koehoorn, M; Demers, PA; Tamburic, L; Lencar, C; Brauer, M
2,011
BACKGROUND: Otitis media is the leading reason young children receive antibiotics or visit a physician. We evaluated the impact of ambient air pollution on outpatient physician visits for otitis media in a population-based birth cohort. METHODS: All children born in southwestern British Columbia during 1999-2000 were f...
0
749,248
Persistent rhinitis and epithelial remodeling induced by cyclic ozone exposure in the nasal airways of infant monkeys
Carey, SA; Ballinger, CA; Plopper, CG; Mcdonald, RJ; Bartolucci, AA; Postlethwait, EM; Harkema, , JR
2,011
Children chronically exposed to high levels of ozone (O(3)), the principal oxidant pollutant in photochemical smog, are more vulnerable to respiratory illness and infections. The specific factors underlying this differential susceptibility are unknown but may be related to air pollutant-induced nasal alterations during...
1
783,806
Annual and seasonal trends of ambient ozone concentration and its impact on forest vegetation in Mercantour National Park (South-eastern France) over the 2000-2008 period
Sicard, P; Dalstein-Richier, L; Vas, N
2,011
In the South-Eastern French Mediterranean region, high ozone concentrations were measured since many years and specific symptoms like chlorotic mottles were detected on Arolla pines. We presented results for the 2000-2008 period concerning the trend analysis for ambient ozone concentrations and related forest damages, ...
0
783,327
Soil nitrogen transformations under elevated atmospheric CO? and O? during the soybean growing season
Pujol Pereira, EI; Chung, H; Scow, K; Sadowsky, MJ; van Kessel, C; Six, J
2,011
We investigated the influence of elevated CO(2) and O(3) on soil N cycling within the soybean growing season and across soil environments (i.e., rhizosphere and bulk soil) at the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) experiment in Illinois, USA. Elevated O(3) decreased soil mineral N likely through a redu...
1
676,712
Spirometric tests to assess the prevalence of childhood asthma at Portuguese rural areas: Influence of exposure to high ozone levels
Sousa, SI; Ferraz, C; Alvim-Ferraz, MC; Martins, FG; Vaz, LG; Pereira, MC
2,011
The study here reported aimed to: i) evaluate the prevalence of childhood asthma at a Portuguese rural area with high ozone concentrations through lung function tests, validating the previously estimated one assessed through questionnaires (similar to those of the ISAAC); ii) compare the achieved prevalence with the on...
1
699,141
Fine particulate matter constituents associated with cardiovascular hospitalizations and mortality in New York City
Ito, K; Mathes, R; Ross, Z; Nadas, A; Thurston, G; Matte, T
2,011
Background: Recent time-series studies have indicated that both cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations were associated with particulate matter (PM). However, seasonal patterns of PM associations with these outcomes are not consistent, and PM components responsible for these associations have not been determined....
0
783,788
How to select the best tree planting locations to enhance air pollution removal in the MillionTreesNYC initiative
Morani, A; Nowak, DJ; Hirabayashi, S; Calfapietra, C
2,011
Highest priority zones for tree planting within New York City were selected by using a planting priority index developed combining three main indicators: pollution concentration, population density and low canopy cover. This new tree population was projected through time to estimate potential air quality and carbon ben...
0
733,093
Tropospheric ozone effects on chemical composition and decomposition rate of Quercus ilex L. leaves
Baldantoni, D; Fagnano, M; Alfani, A
2,011
We determined the effects of tropospheric ozone on the chemical composition of Quercus ilex L. leaves and their decomposition, with a view to assessing the influence of ozone on nutrient cycling and the sustainability of Mediterranean holm oak forests. Forming one of the most widespread thermophilous vegetation communi...
1
831,215
Anthropogenic impact assessment of Niangziguan karst water
Wang, Y; Xing, X; Hu, Q(; Yu, Q; Ma, T
2,011
As the biggest karst spring system in northern China, the Niangziguan karst water system is the major source of water supply for Yangquan city, one of the most important bases of coal production in China. In this study, the chemical composition of karst groundwater was investigated with particular emphasis on identifyi...
0
783,761
Effect of elevated O3 associated with Bt cotton on the abundance, diversity and community structure of soil Collembola
Chang, L; Liu, X; Ge, F
2,011
A strain of cotton that was modified to express a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to combat cotton bollworm was extensively planted in China. Meanwhile, tropospheric ozone (O-3) concentrations have increased alongside rapid industrialization and urbanization. Four treatments including two co...
0
749,391
Secondary organic aerosol from ozonolysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds: Chamber studies of particle and reactive oxygen species formation
Chen, X; Hopke, PK; Carter, WP
2,011
The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced from ?-pinene, linalool, and limonene by ozonolysis was examined using a dynamic chamber system that allowed the simulation of ventilated indoor environments. Experiments were conducted at typical room temperatures and air exchange rates. Limonene ozonolysis pro...
1
749,394
Air pollution toxicology--a brief review of the role of the science in shaping the current understanding of air pollution health risks
Stanek, LW; Brown, JS; Stanek, J; Gift, J; Costa, DL
2,011
Human and animal toxicology has had a profound impact on our historical and current understanding of air pollution health effects. Early animal toxicological studies of air pollution had distinctively military or workplace themes. With the discovery that ambient air pollution episodes led to excess illness and death, t...
0
677,233
Ambient air pollution and risk of congenital anomalies: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Vrijheid, M; Martinez, D; Manzanares, S; Dadvand, P; Schembari, A; Rankin, J; Nieuwenhuijsen, M
2,011
Objective: To systematically review epidemiological studies on ambient air pollution and congenital anomalies and conduct meta-analyses for a number of air pollutant-anomaly combinations. Data sources and extraction: From bibliographic searches we extracted ten original epidemiological studies that examined the assoc...
1
674,678
Relationship between surface and free tropospheric ozone in the Western U.S
Jaffe, D
2,011
Ozone is an important air pollutant that affects lung function. In the U.S., the EPA has reduced the allowable O(3) concentrations several times over the last few decades. This puts greater emphasis on understanding the interannual variability and the contributions to surface O(3) from all sources. We have examined O(3...
0
787,128
Application of a multidimensional linear model to compare degrees of tobacco leaf injury caused by tropospheric ozone at rural and urban exposure sites
Budka, A; Borowiak, K; Zbierska, J; Kayzer, D; Krzesinski, W
2,011
Tropospheric ozone is one of the most phytotoxic air pollutants. Its concentration has doubled over the last few decades. Ozone may cause visible injuries on plants and biomass losses, which is especially dangerous for crop plants. Bioindicator plants are used for detecting the occurrence of ozone at phytotoxic levels....
0
749,265
Postnatal episodic ozone results in persistent attenuation of pulmonary and peripheral blood responses to LPS challenge
Maniar-Hew, K; Postlethwait, EM; Fanucchi, MV; Ballinger, CA; Evans, MJ; Harkema, , JR; Carey, SA; Mcdonald, RJ; Bartolucci, AA; Miller, LA
2,011
Early life is a dynamic period of growth for the lung and immune system. We hypothesized that ambient ozone exposure during postnatal development can affect the innate immune response to other environmental challenges in a persistent fashion. To test this hypothesis, we exposed infant rhesus macaque monkeys to a regime...
1
749,393
Ozonated sesame oil enhances cutaneous wound healing in SKH1 mice
Valacchi, G; Lim, Y; Belmonte, G; Miracco, C; Zanardi, I; Bocci, V; Travagli, V
2,011
Ozone is well recognized as a bactericidal agent and its beneficial effect on wound healing could be a consequence of this property. Because ozone itself does not penetrate the cells but immediately reacts with polyunsaturated fatty acids, its effects should be the results of oxidative reaction. For this reason, ozonat...
0
723,764
Ambient air pollution and birth weight in full-term infants in Atlanta, 1994-2004
Darrow, LA; Klein, M; Strickland, MJ; Mulholland, JA; Tolbert, PE
2,011
Background: An emerging body of evidence suggests that ambient levels of air pollution during pregnancy are associated with fetal growth.Objectives: We examined relationships between birth weight and temporal variation in ambient levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone, particulat...
1
670,832
A method for detection of residual confounding in time-series and other observational studies
Flanders, WD; Klein, M; Darrow, LA; Strickland, MJ; Sarnat, SE; Sarnat, JA; Waller, LA; Winquist, A; Tolbert, PE
2,011
BACKGROUND: : A difficult issue in observational studies is assessment of whether important confounders are omitted or misspecified. In this study, we present a method for assessing whether residual confounding is present. Our method depends on availability of an indicator with 2 key characteristics: first, it is condi...
0
700,062
Air pollution and birth outcomes: A systematic review
Shah, PS; Balkhair, T
2,011
BACKGROUND: Several mechanisms are suspected to underlie adverse birth outcomes among mothers exposed to air pollutants, including inflammation, direct toxic effects on fetuses and the placenta, displacement of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, and formation of DNA adducts. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review t...
0
783,824
Ozone flux over a Norway spruce forest and correlation with net ecosystem production
Zapletal, M; Cudlin, P; Chroust, P; Urban, O; Pokorny, R; Edwards-Jonasova, M; Czerny, R; Janous, D; Taufarova, K; Vecera, Z; Mikuska, P; Paoletti, E
2,011
Daily ozone deposition flux to a Norway spruce forest in Czech Republic was measured using the gradient method in July and August 2008. Results were in good agreement with a deposition flux model. The mean daily stomatal uptake of ozone was around 47% of total deposition. Average deposition velocity was 0.39 cm s(-1) a...
0
729,662
L-arginine promotes DNA repair in cultured bronchial epithelial cells exposed to ozone: Involvement of the ATM pathway
Cui, Y; Gao, CQ; Sun, G; Zhou, Y; Qu, F; Tang, C; Yu, F; Guan, C
2,011
Ozone may lead to DNA breaks in airway epithelial cells. p-ATM (phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated) plays a pivotal role in DNA repair. Derivatives of NO (nitric oxide) are regulators of the phosphorylation, and NO is increased under oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to study the effect of NO dono...
0
676,697
Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells
Vivier, E; Raulet, DH; Moretta, A; Caligiuri, MA; Zitvogel, L; Lanier, LL; Yokoyama, WM; Ugolini, S
2,011
Natural killer (NK) cells were originally defined as effector lymphocytes of innate immunity endowed with constitutive cytolytic functions. More recently, a more nuanced view of NK cells has emerged. NK cells are now recognized to express a repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors that is calibrated to ensure ...
1
831,296
Measurements of atmospheric aerosols with diameters greater than 10 ?m and their contribution to fixed nitrogen deposition in coastal urban environment
Matsumoto, K; Tominaga, S; Igawa, M
2,011
Annual measurements of the number concentrations and chemical composition of the particles with diameters greater than 10 mu m (PM&gt;10) were conducted at a coastal urban site in Japan. The number concentrations of the PM&gt;10 showed an annual mean of 2.14 x 10(3) m(-3), and synchronously varied with those of the par...
0
749,396
The effect of air pollution on spatial dispersion of myocardial repolarization in healthy human volunteers
Sivagangabalan, G; Spears, D; Masse, S; Urch, B; Brook, RD; Silverman, F; Gold, DR; Lukic, KZ; Speck, M; Kusha, M; Farid, T; Poku, K; Shi, E; Floras, J; Nanthakumar, K
2,011
We tested the hypothesis that exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAP) and/or ozone (O(3)) would increase dispersion of ventricular repolarization.<br /><br /> Elevated levels of air pollution are associated with cardiac arrhythmias through mechanisms yet to be elucidated.<br /><br /> Each of 25 volunteers (18 ...
1
749,281
Ambient ozone and pulmonary innate immunity
Al-Hegelan, M; Tighe, RM; Castillo, C; Hollingsworth, JW
2,011
Ambient ozone is a criteria air pollutant that impacts both human morbidity and mortality. The effect of ozone inhalation includes both toxicity to lung tissue and alteration of the host immunologic response. The innate immune system facilitates immediate recognition of both foreign pathogens and tissue damage. Emergin...
1
733,094
How the redox state of tobacco 'Bel-W3' is modified in response to ozone and other environmental factors in a sub-tropical area
Dias, AP; Dafre, M; Rinaldi, MC; Domingos, M
2,011
This study intended to determine whether the redox state in plants of Nicotiana tabacum 'Bel-W3' fluctuates in response to the environmental factors in a sub-tropical area contaminated by ozone (S?o Paulo, SE-Brazil) and which environmental factors are related to this fluctuation, discussing their biomonitoring efficie...
0
677,062
Are both air pollution and noise driving adverse cardiovascular health effects from motor vehicles?
Allen, RW; Adar, SD
2,011
null
0
689,858
Ambient air pollution exposure and damage to male gametes: Human studies and in situ 'sentinel' animal experiments
Somers, CM
2,011
Globally there is concern that adverse reproductive outcomes and fertility impairment in humans may be caused by exposure to environmental contaminants. Air pollution in particular has been linked to DNA damage, abnormal sperm morphology, and reduced sperm performance in men. Experimental studies using model species (m...
0
735,950
Measurements of personal exposure to NO2 and modelling using ambient concentrations and activity data
Physick, W; Powell, J; Cope, M; Boast, K; Lee, S
2,011
This study was undertaken with the aim of estimating true personal exposures from data that are less costly and more easily obtained than in detailed measurement programs. We present an evaluation of simple methodologies for estimating true personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) that take into account spatiotempor...
0
749,389
RNA interference-mediated silencing of Foxo3 in antigen-presenting cells as a strategy for the enhancement of DNA vaccine potency
Wang, ST; Chang, CC; Yen, MC; Tu, CF; Chu, CL; Peng, YT; Chen, DY; Lan, JL; Lin, CC
2,011
The transcription factor Forkhead box O3 (Foxo3) has a critical role in suppressing the expansion of antigen-specific effector T-cell populations; hence, Foxo3 is a potential target for enhancing the antitumor immunity of cancer vaccines. In this report, we evaluated the potential of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated si...
0
749,390
Ozone the one and only drug
Alberto, PO
2,011
Experience based on evidence shows the use of one drug over time.Ozone has great therapeutic properties. Nowadays, hardly anyone questions its effectiveness.We treated 270 patients with discal hernia of one or multiple levels in a minimally invasive way and under fluoroscopic control in real time, between 1 and 7 ml in...
0
783,804
Plant phenology, growth and nutritive quality of Briza maxima: responses induced by enhanced ozone atmospheric levels and nitrogen enrichment
Sanz, J; Bermejo, V; Muntifering, R; Gonzalez-Fernandez, I; Gimeno, BS; Elvira, S; Alonso, R
2,011
An assessment of the effects of tropospheric ozone (O(3)) levels and substrate nitrogen (N) supplementation, singly and in combination, on phenology, growth and nutritive quality of Briza maxima was carried out. Two serial experiments were developed in Open-Top Chambers (OTC) using three O(3) and three N levels. Increa...
0
749,270
Intra-peritoneal application of catechins and EGCG as in vivo inhibitors of ozone-induced oxidative stress
Simos, Y; Karkabounas, S; Verginadis, I; Charalampidis, P; Filiou, D; Charalabopoulos, K; Zioris, I; Kalfakakou, V; Evangellou, A
2,011
Oxidative stress is considered as a prominent feature of many acute and chronic diseases as well as of the normal aging process. We examined the effects of intra-peritoneal administration of catechins and EGCG as in vivo inhibitors of oxidative stress induced by ozone administration in two groups of Wistar rats. The fi...
0
749,395
Comparison of hyperbaric oxygen and medical ozone therapies in a rat model of experimental distal colitis
Altinel, O; Demirbas, S; Cakir, E; Yaman, H; Ozerhan, IH; Duran, E; Cayci, T; Akgul, EO; Ersoz, N; Uysal, B; Kurt, B; Yasar, M; Oter, S; Peker, Y
2,011
Previous studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is effective in reducing the severity of acute distal colitis (ADC). Ozone therapy (OT) reduces inflammation in several pathological conditions. We aimed to compare the effects of HBO therapy and OT in an experimental ADC rat model.<br /><br /> Forty rats were ra...
0
749,388
MAPK signaling in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts exposed to cholesterol secoaldehyde--role of hydrogen peroxide
Laynes, L; Raghavamenon, AC; D'Auvergne, O; Achuthan, V; Uppu, RM
2,011
3?-Hydroxy-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (cholesterol secoaldehyde or ChSeco), an oxysterol known to be formed in ozone- and singlet oxygen-mediated oxidations of cholesterol, has been detected in the atherosclerotic plaque and in the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. Previously, we ...
0
783,771
Diseases in tropical and plantation crops as affected by climate changes: Current knowledge and perspectives
Ghini, R; Bettiol, W; Hamada, E
2,011
Tropical and plantation crops include important crops for food security and alternative energy resources. Even so, there are few studies on the impact of climate change on diseases of these crops. Findings from previous studies concerning some climate-change effects on diseases of coffee, sugarcane, eucalyptus, cassava...
0
749,185
The effect of ambient air pollution on exhaled nitric oxide in the Children's Health Study
Berhane, K; Zhang, Y; Linn, WS; Rappaport, EB; Bastain, TM; Salam, MT; Islam, T; Lurmann, F; Gilliland, FD
2,011
We assessed the effect of daily variations in ambient air pollutants on exhaled nitric oxide fraction (F(eNO)) using data from a cohort of school children with large differences in air pollutant exposures from the Children's Health Study. Based on a cohort of 2,240 school children from 13 Southern Californian communiti...
1
782,683
Improved estimate of the policy-relevant background ozone in the United States using the GEOS-Chem global model with 1/2? ? 2/3? horizontal resolution over North America
Zhang, L; Jacob, DJ; Downey, NV; Wood, DA; Blewitt, D; Carouge, CC; van Donkelaar, A; Jones, DBA; Murray, LT; Wang, Y
2,011
The policy-relevant background (PRB) ozone is defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the surface ozone concentration that would be present over the US in the absence of North American anthropogenic emissions. It is intended to provide a baseline for risk and exposure assessments used in setting the ...
1
732,093
Sample size requirements to detect gene-environment interactions in genome-wide association studies
Murcray, CE; Lewinger, JP; Conti, DV; Thomas, DC; Gauderman, WJ
2,011
Many complex diseases are likely to be a result of the interplay of genes and environmental exposures. The standard analysis in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) scans for main effects and ignores the potentially useful information in the available exposure data. Two recently proposed methods that exploit environm...
0