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1
741,990
Climate change and its effects on terrestrial insects and herbivory patterns
Cornelissen, T
2,011
Climate change and extreme weather events affect plants and animals and the direct impact of anthropogenic climate change has been documented extensively over the past years. In this review, I address the main consequences of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations, elevated temperature and changes in rainfall patterns on t...
1
732,548
Short-term effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone on daily mortality in Lisbon, Portugal
Garrett, P; Casimiro, E
2,011
Introduction Urban ambient air pollution exposures continue to be a global public health concern. Although air quality targets are often exceeded in Lisbon, the largest city in Portugal, there is currently no study that has assessed the quantitative impact of these pollutants on daily mortality. Materials and method...
0
749,414
Air pollution and airway disease
Kelly, FJ; Fussell, JC
2,011
Epidemiological and toxicological research continues to support a link between urban air pollution and an increased incidence and/or severity of airway disease. Detrimental effects of ozone (O(3) ), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2) ) and particulate matter (PM), as well as traffic-related pollution as a whole, on respiratory sy...
0
749,260
AMP-activated protein kinase deficiency reduces ozone-induced lung injury and oxidative stress in mice
Hulo, S; Tiesset, H; Lancel, S; Edme, JL; Viollet, B; Sobaszek, A; Neviere, R
2,011
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Acute ozone exposure causes lung oxidative stress and inflammation leading to lung injury. At least one mechanism underlying the lung toxicity of ozone involves excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates such as peroxynitrite. In addition and beyond its major prooxidant pro...
0
749,435
Isoprostanes and asthma
Voynow, JA; Kummarapurugu, A
2,011
Isoprostanes are prostaglandin (PG)-like compounds generated in vivo following oxidative stress by non-enzymatic peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid. They are named based on their prostane ring structure and by the localization of hydroxyl groups on the carbon side chain; these struc...
0
836,740
Nitrogen Balance in the Ecosystem of the Cystic Fibrosis Lung
Marozkina, NV; Gaston, B
2,011
null
0
749,413
Airway purinergic responses in healthy, atopic nonasthmatic, and atopic asthmatic subjects exposed to ozone
Esther, CR; Peden, DB; Alexis, NE; Hernandez, ML
2,011
Context: Ozone exposure triggers airway inflammatory responses that may be influenced by biologically active purine metabolites. Objective: To examine the relationships between airway purine metabolites and established inflammatory markers of ozone exposure, and to determine if these relationships are altered in indivi...
1
732,556
Associations between ozone and morbidity using the spatial synoptic classification system
Hanna, AF; Yeatts, KB; Xiu, A; Zhu, Z; Smith, RL; Davis, NN; Talgo, KD; Arora, G; Robinson, PJ; Meng, Q; Pinto, JP
2,011
Background: Synoptic circulation patterns (large-scale tropospheric motion systems) affect air pollution and, potentially, air-pollution-morbidity associations. We evaluated the effect of synoptic circulation patterns (air masses) on the association between ozone and hospital admissions for asthma and myocardial infarc...
0
783,785
Elevated carbon dioxide and/or ozone concentrations induce hormonal changes in Pinus tabulaeformis
Li, XM; Zhang, LH; Ma, LJ; Li, YY
2,011
We investigated endogenous plant hormones and needle growth in Pinus tabulaeformis plants grown in open-top chambers and exposed to ambient or elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and/or ozone (O(3)). Exposure to elevated CO(2) for 100 days significantly increased the change in fresh needle weight, indole-...
0
749,274
GSTM1 modulation of IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to ozone
Wu, W; Doreswamy, V; Diaz-Sanchez, D; Samet, JM; Kesic, M; Dailey, L; Zhang, W; Jaspers, I; Peden, DB
2,011
Exposure to the major air pollutant ozone can aggravate asthma and other lung diseases. Our recent study in human volunteers has shown that the glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1)-null genotype is associated with increased airway neutrophilic inflammation induced by inhaled ozone. The aim of this study was to examin...
1
749,436
Emerging pathways in asthma: Innate and adaptive interactions
Lin, KW; Li, J; Finn, PW
2,011
BACKGROUND: Allergic asthma is a complex and chronic airway inflammatory disorder, and the prevalence of asthma has increased. Adaptive antigen-dependent immunity is a classical pathway of asthmatic pathology. Recent studies have focused on innate antigen-independent immunity in asthma. SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review dis...
0
677,550
Ozone biomonitoring program
null
2,011
In 1994, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA: http://fia.fs.fed.us) and Forest Health Monitoring (FHM: http://fhm.fs.fed.us) programs of the USDA Forest Service implemented a national ozone biomonitoring program to demonstrate their commitment to sustainable forest management and The Montreal Process (http://www.mpc...
1
783,763
Soil microbial responses to elevated CO2 and O3 in a nitrogen-aggrading agroecosystem
Cheng, L; Booker, FL; Burkey, KO; Tu, C; Shew, HD; Rufty, TW; Fiscus, EL; Deforest, JL; Hu, S
2,011
Climate change factors such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO?) and ozone (O?) can exert significant impacts on soil microbes and the ecosystem level processes they mediate. However, the underlying mechanisms by which soil microbes respond to these environmental changes remain poorly understood. The prevailing...
0
785,513
Influence of tropospheric ozone control on exposure to ultraviolet radiation at the surface
Madronich, S; Wagner, M; Groth, P
2,011
Improving air quality by reducing ambient ozone (O(3)) will likely lower O(3) concentrations throughout the troposphere and increase the transmission of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation to the surface. The changes in surface UV radiation between two control scenarios (nominally 84 and 70 ppb O(3) for summer 2020) in th...
1
783,819
The Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) Model ? Part 1: Model description and characterization
Wolfe, GM; Thornton, JA
2,011
We present the Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) model, a vertically-resolved 1-D chemical transport model designed to probe the details of near-surface reactive gas exchange. CAFE integrates all key processes, including turbulent diffusion, emission, deposition and chemistry, throughout the forest canopy ...
0
782,681
Atmospheric chemistry in stereo: A new look at secondary organic aerosols from isoprene
Noziere, B; Gonzalez, NJD; Borg-Karlson, AK; Pei, Y; Redeby, JP; Krejci, R; Dommen, J; Prevot, ASH; Anthonsen, T
2,011
Isoprene, a compound emitted by vegetation, could be a major contributor to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. The main evidence for this contribution were the 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraols, or 2-methyltetrols (2-methylerythritol and 2-methylthreitol) present in ambient aerosols. In this work, the fo...
1
696,635
Subalpine grassland carbon dioxide fluxes indicate substantial carbon losses under increased nitrogen deposition, but not at elevated ozone concentration
Volk, M; Obrist, D; Novak, K; Giger, R; Bassin, S; Fuhrer, J
2,011
Ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition affect plant carbon (C) dynamics and may change ecosystem C-sink/-source properties. We studied effects of increased background [O3] (up to [ambient] ? 2) and increased N deposition (up to +50 kg ha?1 a?1) on mature, subalpine grassland during the third treatment year. During 10 d...
1
202,800
The use of alternative pollutant metrics in time-series studies of ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits
Darrow, LA; Klein, M; Sarnat, JA; Mulholland, JA; Strickland, MJ; Sarnat, SE; Russell, AG; Tolbert, PE
2,011
Various temporal metrics of daily pollution levels have been used to examine the relationships between air pollutants and acute health outcomes. However, daily metrics of the same pollutant have rarely been systematically compared within a study. In this analysis, we describe the variability of effect estimates attribu...
1
1,533,560
Air quality trends in Europe over the past decade: a first multi- model assessment
Colette, A; Granier, C; Hodnebrog, O; Jakobs, H; Maurizi, A; Nyiri, A; Bessagnet, B; D'Angiola, A; D'Isidoro, M; Gauss, M; Meleux, F; Memmesheimer, M; Mieville, A; Rouil, L; Russo, F; Solberg, S; Stordal, F; Tampieri, F
2,011
We discuss the capability of current state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models to reproduce air quality trends and interannual variability. Documenting these strengths and weaknesses on the basis of historical simulations is essential before the models are used to investigate future air quality projections. To ac...
0
783,778
Estimation of stomatal ozone uptake of deciduous trees in East Asia
Hoshika, Y; Hajima, T; Shimizu, Y; Takigawa, M; Omasa, K
2,011
To assess ozone risks to temperate deciduous forest trees in East Asia, the stomatal ozone uptake was estimated based on a flux-based modeling approach. In this model, key parameters were obtained from scientific literatures on deciduous tree species in East Asia. In addition, regional characteristics of the leaf...
0
786,101
Measurement of western U.S. baseline ozone from the surface to the tropopause and assessment of downwind impact regions
Cooper, OR; Oltmans, SJ; Johnson, BJ; Brioude, J; Angevine, W; Trainer, M; Parrish, DD; Ryerson, TR; Pollack, I; Cullis, PD; Ives, MA; Tarasick, DW; Al-Saadi, J; Stajner, I
2,011
Since 1997, baseline ozone monitoring from the surface to the tropopause along the U. S. west coast has been limited to the weekly ozonesondes from Trinidad Head, California. To explore baseline ozone at other latitudes, an ozonesonde network was implemented during spring 2010, including four launch sites along the Cal...
1
783,793
Ecosystem-scale biosphere?atmosphere interactions of a hemiboreal mixed forest stand at Jarvselja, Estonia
Noe, SM; Kimmel, V; Huve, K; Copolovici, L; Portillo-Estrada, M; Puttsepp, U; J?giste, K; Niinemets, U; Hortnagl, L; Wohlfahrt, G
2,011
During two measurement campaigns, from August to September 2008 and 2009, we quantified the major ecosystem fluxes in a hemiboreal forest ecosystem in Jaryselja, Estonia. The main aim of this study was to separate the ecosystem flux components and gain insight into the performance of a multi-species multilayered tree s...
0
749,704
Impacts of HOx regeneration and recycling in the oxidation of isoprene: Consequences for the composition of past, present and future atmospheres
Archibald, AT; Levine, JG; Abraham, NL; Cooke, MC; Edwards, PM; Heard, DE; Jenkin, ME; Karunaharan, A; Pike, RC; Monks, PS; Shallcross, DE; Telford, PJ; Whalley, LK; Pyle, JA
2,011
A global chemistry-climate model is used to assess the impact on atmospheric composition of the regeneration and recycling of HO x in the photo-oxidation of isoprene. The impact is explored subject to present-day, pre-industrial and future climate/emission scenarios. Our calculations show that, in all cases, the inclus...
1
2,083,860
Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and acetic acids
Paulot, F; Wunch, D; Crounse, JD; Toon, GC; Millet, DB; Decarlo, PF; Vigouroux, C; Deutscher, NM; Abad, GG; Notholt, J; Warneke, T; Hannigan, JW; Warneke, C; de Gouw, JA; Dunlea, EJ; De Maziere, M; Griffith, DWT; Bernath, P; Jimenez, JL; Wennberg, PO
2,011
We present a detailed budget of formic and acetic acids, two of the most abundant trace gases in the atmosphere. Our bottom-up estimate of the global source of formic and acetic acids are similar to 1200 and similar to 1400 Gmol yr(-1), dominated by photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, in par...
0
783,801
Effects of ambient O3 on wheat during reproductive development: Gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbohydrates
Rai, R; Agrawal, M; Agrawal, SB
2,011
The current concentrations of O-3 have been shown to cause significant negative effects on crop yield. The present levels of ozone may not induce visible symptoms in most of plants, but can result in substantial losses in reproductive output. This paper considers the impact of ambient O-3 on gas exchange, photosy...
0
758,736
The importance of stratospheric?tropospheric transport in affecting surface ozone concentrations in the western and northern tier of the United States
Lefohn, AS; Wernli, H; Shadwick, D; Limbach, S; Oltmans, SJ; Shapiro, M
2,011
Stratospheric?tropospheric exchange (STE) processes contribute at both high and low-elevation monitoring sites to background ozone (O3) concentrations. This study addresses the importance of stratospheric intrusions contributing to enhanced hourly average surface O3 concentrations (i.e., ?50 ppb) at 12 O3 monitoring st...
1
757,888
Impacts of tropospheric ozone and climate change on net primary productivity and net carbon exchange of China's forest ecosystems
Ren, W; Tian, H; Tao, B; Chappelka, A; Sun, G; Lu, C; Liu, M; Chen, G; Xu, X
2,011
Aim <br> <br>We investigated how ozone pollution and climate change/variability have interactively affected net primary productivity (NPP) and net carbon exchange (NCE) across China's forest ecosystem in the past half century. <br> <br>Location <br> <br>Continental China. <br> <br>Methods <br> <br>Using the dynamic lan...
0
783,326
China's terrestrial carbon balance: Contributions from multiple global change factors
Tian, H; Melillo, J; Lu, C; Kicklighter, D; Liu, M; Ren, W; Xu, X; Chen, G; Zhang, C; Pan, S; Liu, J; Running, S
2,011
The magnitude, spatial, and temporal patterns of the terrestrial carbon sink and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain and need to be investigated. China is important in determining the global carbon balance in terms of both carbon emission and carbon uptake. Of particular importance to climate-change policy and c...
0
677,549
U.S. Census Bureau
null
2,011
null
1
759,127
Human health risk in relation to air quality in two municipalities in an industrialized area of Northern Italy
Fattore, E; Paiano, V; Borgini, A; Tittarelli, A; Bertoldi, M; Crosignani, P; Fanelli, R
2,011
Air quality is one of the major environmental issues related to human health, and people and authorities are increasingly aware and concerned about it, asking to be involved in decisions whose fallout can have consequences on their health. The objectives of the present study were to provide quantitative data on the imp...
0
787,141
[Ground-level ozone - A threat for biodiversity?]
Weigel, HJ; Dauber, J; Bender, J
2,011
The concentrations of various compounds in the atmosphere such as tropospheric ozone have rapidly changed during the last century, and they continue to change. While it has been shown that ozone concentrations have significant adverse effects on crop yields, forest growth and species composition, the impacts of ozone o...
0
785,545
Recent decreases in fossil-fuel emissions of ethane and methane derived from firn air
Aydin, M; Verhulst, KR; Saltzman, ES; Battle, MO; Montzka, SA; Blake, DR; Tang, Q; Prather, MJ
2,011
Methane and ethane are the most abundant hydrocarbons in the atmosphere and they affect both atmospheric chemistry and climate. Both gases are emitted from fossil fuels and biomass burning, whereas methane (CH(4)) alone has large sources from wetlands, agriculture, landfills and waste water. Here we use measurements in...
0
785,554
Errata in 'Contributions of natural emissions to ozone and PM 2.5 as simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model'
Mueller, SF; Mallard, JW
2,011
null
1
832,590
Do Some NO(x) Emissions Have Negative Environmental Damages? Evidence and Implications for Policy
Fraas, A; Lutter, R
2,011
null
0
832,996
Can algal uptake stop NO3(-) pollution
Baulch, HM; Stanley, EH; Bernhardt, ES
2,011
null
0
733,109
Changes in the proteome of juvenile European beech following three years exposure to free-air elevated ozone
Kerner, R; Winkler, J; Dupuy, J; Jurgensen, M; Lindermayr, C; Ernst, D; Muller-Starck, G
2,011
Abstract: Tropospheric ozone, one of the most phytotoxic air pollutants, may specially impose in long-lived forest trees substantial reduction in productivity and biomass. European beech saplings grown in lysimeter around areas were used to monitor proteomic changes upon elevated ozone concentrations following four veg...
1
786,574
Semi?long-term mortality effects of ozone
Ito, K
2,011
null
0
837,313
Comment on &quot;Do Some NO(x) Emissions Have Negative Environmental Damages? Evidence and Implications for Policy&quot
Fann, NL; Phillips, DS; Jang, DC; Akhtar, DF
2,011
null
0
852,471
A small change in FVC but a big change for IPF: Defining the minimal clinically important difference
Behr, J
2,011
null
0
834,902
Lung function decrements with 0.06 ppm ozone exposure are of limited clinical and public health significance
Prueitt, RL
2,011
Kim and coworkers (1) exposed 59 healthy, exercising young adults to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours under controlled chamber conditions and observed a mean percent-change in FEV1 (clean-air adjusted) of ?1.75 (95% confidence interval, ?3.0 to ?0.5) and an increase in neutrophilic inflammation of the airways, with no stat...
0
778,742
Ozone database in support of CMIP5 simulations: results and corresponding radiative forcing
Cionni, I; Eyring, V; Lamarque, JF; Randel, WJ; Stevenson, DS; Wu, F; Bodeker, GE; Shepherd, TG; Shindell, DT; Waugh, DW
2,011
A continuous tropospheric and stratospheric vertically resolved ozone time series, from 1850 to 2099, has been generated to be used as forcing in global climate models that do not include interactive chemistry. A multiple linear regression analysis of SAGE I+II satellite observations and polar ozonesonde measurements i...
0
677,545
SMOKE
null
2,011
This is the official SMOKE website hosted by the Center for Environmental Modeling for Policy Development (CEMPD) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. SMOKE is an active open-source development project supported and distributed by the CEMPD through the Community Modeling and Analysis System Center.
1
749,707
Contributions of natural emissions to ozone and PM 2.5 as simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model
Mueller, SF; Mallard, JW
2,011
The relative roles of natural and anthropogenic sources in determining ozone and fine particle concentrations over the continental United States (U.S.) are investigated using an expanded emissions inventory of natural sources and an updated version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Various 12-month ...
1
749,252
Identification of candidate genes downstream of TLR4 signaling after ozone exposure in mice: A role for heat shock protein 70
Bauer, AK; Rondini, EA; Hummel, KA; Degraff, LM; Walker, C; Jedlicka, AE; Kleeberger, SR
2,011
Background. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in ozone (O3)-induced pulmonary hyperpermeability and inflammation, though the downstream signaling events are unknown. Objectives. The aims of our study were to determine the mechanism through which TLR4 modulates O3-induced pulmonary responses and to utilize transcr...
1
749,415
Hypomethylating agents reactivate FOXO3A in acute myeloid leukemia
Thepot, S; Lainey, E; Cluzeau, T; Sebert, M; Leroy, C; Ades, L; Tailler, M; Galluzzi, L; Baran-Marszak, F; Roudot, H; Eclache, V; Gardin, C; de Botton, S; Auberger, P; Fenaux, P; Kroemer, G; Boehrer, S
2,011
The deregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) can contribute to leukemogenesis and favor the progression from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since hypomethylating agents-notably azacitidine-constitute an efficient therapy for patients with high-risk MDS, we assessed whether such com...
0
757,782
Acute effects of air pollution on peak expiratory flow rates and symptoms among asthmatic patients in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Wiwatanadate, P; Liwsrisakun, C
2,011
The open burnings and forest fires have been recognized as the major sources of severe air pollution in the upper north of Thailand; however, there have been no clear evidences to show the associations between the air pollution and health effects in the area. We assessed the effects of air pollutants on the peak expira...
1
749,269
Effect of maternal exposure to ozone on reproductive outcome and immune, inflammatory, and allergic responses in the offspring
Sharkhuu, T; Doerfler, DL; Copeland, C; Luebke, RW; Gilmour, MI
2,011
There is growing concern that exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy affects health outcomes in the offspring due to alterations in the development of immune and other homeostatic processes. To assess the risks of maternal inhalation exposure to ozone (O(3)), timed pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to different co...
1
749,246
Do corticosteroids have a role in preventing or reducing acute toxic lung injury caused by inhalation of chemical agents
de Lange, DW; Meulenbelt, J
2,011
To assess the evidence that treatment with corticosteroids improves the outcome in those exposed to lung-damaging agents.<br /><br /> We searched Pubmed, Toxnet, Cochrane database, Google Scholar, and Embase from 1966 to January 2010 using the search terms "steroid", "corticosteroid", "lung injury", "lung damage", and ...
0
699,417
Ambient temperature, air pollution, and heart rate variability in an aging population
Ren, C; Park, S; O'Neill, M; Sparrow, D; Vokonas, P; Schwartz, J
2,011
Studies show that ambient temperature and air pollution are associated with cardiovascular disease and that they may interact to affect cardiovascular events. However, few epidemiologic studies have examined mechanisms through which ambient temperature may influence cardiovascular function. The authors examined whether...
0
735,953
Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study: Design and methods validation of personal, indoor, and outdoor air pollution monitoring
Wheeler, AJ; Xu, X; Kulka, R; You, H; Wallace, L; Mallach, G; Van Ryswyk, K; Macneill, M; Kearney, J; Rasmussen, PE; Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E; Wang, D; Poon, R; Williams, R; Stocco, C; Anastassopoulos, A; Miller, JD; Dales, R; Brook, , JR
2,011
The Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study evaluated the contribution of ambient air pollutants to personal and indoor exposures of adults and asthmatic children living in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. In addition, the role of personal, indoor, and outdoor air pollution exposures upon asthmatic children's respiratory h...
0
785,562
Using a chemistry transport model to account for the spatial variability of exposure concentrations in epidemiologic air pollution studies
Valari, M; Menut, L; Chatignoux, E
2,011
Environmental epidemiology and more specifically time-series analysis have traditionally used area-averaged pollutant concentrations measured at central monitors as exposure surrogates to associate health outcomes with air pollution. However, spatial aggregation has been shown to contribute to the overall bias in the e...
0
749,439
Epithelial, dendritic, and CD4(+) T cell regulation of and by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in allergic sensitization
Ckless, K; Hodgkins, SR; Ather, JL; Martin, R; Poynter, ME
2,011
Background While many of the contributing cell types and mediators of allergic asthma are known, less well understood are the factors that induce allergy in the first place. Amongst the mediators speculated to affect initial allergen sensitization and the development of pathogenic allergic responses to innocuous inhal...
0
677,486
Quality indicator assessment reports
null
2,011
null
0
749,438
Epigenetics of asthma
Durham, AL; Wiegman, C; Adcock, IM
2,011
Asthma is caused by both heritable and environmental factors. It has become clear that genetic studies do not adequately explain the heritability and susceptibility to asthma. The study of epigenetics, heritable non-coding changes to DNA may help to explain the heritable component of asthma. Additionally, epigenetic mo...
0
749,437
Nox enzymes in allergic airway inflammation
Der Vliet, AV
2,011
Chronic airway diseases such as asthma are linked to oxidative environmental factors and are commonly associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, it is commonly assumed that oxidative stress is an important contributing factor to asthma disease pathogenesis and that antioxidant str...
0
783,762
The OzT8 locus in rice protects leaf carbon assimilation rate and photosynthetic capacity under ozone stress
Chen, CP; Frei, M; Wissuwa, M
2,011
Tropospheric ozone (O?) is a phytotoxic air pollutant whose current background concentrations in parts of East Asia have caused estimated rice yield losses of up to 20%; currently, however, little is known about the mechanisms of O? tolerance in rice. We previously identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in rice ca...
0
783,817
Water, heat, and airborne pollutants effects on transpiration of urban trees
Wang, H; Ouyang, Z; Chen, W; Wang, X; Zheng, H; Ren, Y
2,011
Transpiration rates of six urban tree species in Beijing evaluated by thermal dissipation method for one year were correlated to environmental variables in heat, water, and pollutant groups. To sort out colinearity of the explanatory variables, their individual and joint contributions to variance of tree transpiration ...
0
785,524
Portable Ozone Monitoring Systems (POMS)
null
2,011
A new option for ozone monitoring recently became available when a small low-power ozone analyzer was offered commercially. The National Park Service (NPS) has configured the analyzers with a datalogger, weather measurements, and solar-power on an open-frame system that is transportable and has low site impact. Two POM...
0
749,401
[Genetic polymorphisms and xenobiotic exposure in infantile asthma]
Mu?oz Soto, RB; Albores Medina, A
2,011
Together with industrial development in Mexico has come a major increase in the generation of air pollutants. Some of these pollutants include compounds such as ozone, that like tobacco smoke, are related to the severity of certain respiratory diseases such as asthma. Although asthma affects people of all ages, it has ...
0
783,760
Physiological, anatomical and biomass partitioning responses to ozone in the Mediterranean endemic plant Lamottea dianae
Calatayud, V; Garcia-Breijo, FJ; Cervero, J; Reig-Armi?ana, J; Sanz, MJ
2,011
Ozone effects on the perennial forb Lamottea dianae were studied in an open-top chamber experiment. Ozone was found to induce reductions in CO? assimilation and water use efficiency in the leaves of this species. These reductions were mainly related to a decline in the in vivo CO? fixation capacity of Rubisco (V(c,max)...
0
757,785
Estimation of age-related vulnerability to air pollution: assessment of respiratory health at local scale
Namdeo, A; Tiwary, A; Farrow, E
2,011
This paper demonstrates association of short-term variation in pollution and health outcomes within the same geographical area for a typical urban setting in the northern part of the UK from time series analysis. It utilises publicly available datasets for regulated air pollutants (PM??, NO?, SO?, CO and O?), meteorolo...
0
749,667
Ambient air pollution and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in survivors of myocardial infarction
Bruske, I; Hampel, R; Baumgartner, Z; Ruckerl, R; Greven, S; Koenig, W; Peters, A; Schneider, A
2,011
Background: Increasing evidence suggests a proatherogenic role for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). A meta-analysis of published cohorts has shown that Lp-PLA2 is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events and stroke.Objective: In this study, we investigated whether the association betw...
0
749,272
A model of chronic inflammation and pulmonary emphysema after multiple ozone exposures in mice
Triantaphyllopoulos, K; Hussain, F; Pinart, M; Zhang, M; Li, F; Adcock, I; Kirkham, P; Zhu, J; Chung, KF
2,011
Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of emphysema through the activation of tissue proteases and apoptosis. We examined the effects of ozone exposure by exposing BALB/c mice to either a single 3-h exposure or multiple exposures over 3 or 6 wk, with two 3-h exposures per week. Compared with air-exposed m...
0
749,440
Leukotrienes and airway inflammation
Okunishi, K; Peters-Golden, M
2,011
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness. Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators that contribute to many aspects of asthma pathogenesis. As the LT pathway is relatively steroid-resistant, its blockade by alternative strategies is a desira...
0
749,266
Prolonged ozone exposure effects behaviour, hormones and respiratory muscles in young female rats
Martrette, JM; Thornton, SN; Trabalon, M
2,011
This study evaluated behavioural and physiological (hormonal status, muscle structure) affects of prolonged ozone exposure in young females rats. Female Wistar rats were exposed at 0.12ppm of ozone during 6h per day for 15days. Prolonged ozone exposure, though not continuous, produced remarkable behavioural disturbance...
1
2,652,698
Evaluation of the ozone-related risk for winter wheat at local scale with the CRO3PS model
Grunhage, L; Braden, H; Bender, J; Burkart, S; Lehmann, Y; Schroder, M
2,011
Tropospheric ozone poses a critical threat and a challenging problem to present and future, e.g. food security. In the recent years a stomatal flux-based risk evaluation methodology at leaf level was established in the context of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) for crops, forest trees a...
0
737,603
Biochemical effects of ozone on asthma during postnatal development
Auten, RL; Foster, WM
2,011
BACKGROUND: Ozone exposure during early life has the potential to contribute to the development of asthma as well as to exacerbate underlying allergic asthma. SCOPE OF REVIEW: Developmentally regulated aspects of sensitivity to ozone exposure and downstream biochemical and cellular responses. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Develop...
1
733,096
Investigations on N-rich protein (NRP) of Arabidopsis thaliana under different stress conditions
Hoepflinger, MC; Pieslinger, AM; Tenhaken, R
2,011
Stress response and adaptation are important physiological mechanisms in plants. As plants are not able to avoid stressful environments by moving away, as animals, they have developed diverse mechanisms to respond to stressful situations. One of the genes involved in these mechanisms is NRP (Asparagine-rich protein or ...
0
749,443
Glutathione biochemistry in asthma
Reynaert, NL
2,011
Oxidative stress in an important hallmark of asthma, and much research has therefore focused on the predominant antioxidant in the lungs, namely the tripeptide glutathione. In lung samples of patients with asthma increased levels of glutathione are typically observed, which appear to relate to the level of pulmonary in...
0
783,772
Growth at elevated ozone or elevated carbon dioxide concentration alters antioxidant capacity and response to acute oxidative stress in soybean (Glycine max)
Gillespie, KM; Rogers, A; Ainsworth, EA
2,011
Soybeans (Glycine max Merr.) were grown at elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]) or chronic elevated ozone concentration ([O(3)]; 90 ppb), and then exposed to an acute O(3) stress (200 ppb for 4 h) in order to test the hypothesis that the atmospheric environment alters the total antioxidant capacity of plants...
0
749,399
The effect of rectal ozone on the portal vein oxygenation and pharmacokinetics of propranolol in liver cirrhosis (a preliminary human study)
Zaky, S; Fouad, EA; Kotb, HI
2,011
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rectal ozone on portal vein oxygenation and the pharmacokinetic changes of propranolol in patients with liver cirrhosis.<br /><br /> Fifteen patients with liver cirrhosis were included They were given a fixed oral dose of propranolol 80mg on the morning of day 1 af...
0
778,755
Impacts of changes in land use and land cover on atmospheric chemistry and air quality over the 21st century
Wu, S; Mickley, LJ; Kaplan, JO; Jacob, DJ
2,011
The effects of future land use and land cover change on the chemical composition of the atmosphere and air quality are largely unknown. To investigate the potential effects associated with future changes in vegetation driven by atmospheric CO2 concentrations, climate, and anthropogenic land use over the 21st century, w...
0
783,766
What can enzymes of C? photosynthesis do for C? plants under stress
Doubnerova, V; Ryslava, H
2,011
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), and pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (PPDK) participate in the process of concentrating CO? in C? photosynthesis. Non-photosynthetic counterparts of these enzymes, which are present in all plants, play important roles in the maintenance of pH and replenis...
0
749,442
Viruses and asthma
Dulek, DE; Peebles, RS
2,011
BACKGROUND: Viral respiratory infection has long been known to influence the occurrence of asthma exacerbations. Over the last 20years much effort has been put into clarifying the role that viral respiratory infections play in the eventual development of asthma. SCOPE OF REVIEW: In this review we give a general backgro...
0
682,413
Acute effects of air pollution on pediatric asthma exacerbation: Evidence of association and effect modification
Samoli, E; Nastos, PT; Paliatsos, AG; Katsouyanni, K; Priftis, KN
2,011
We investigated the short-term previous termeffectsnext term of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 ?g/m3 (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) on previous termpediatric asthmanext term emergency admissions in Athens, Greece over the period 2001?2004. We explored previous term...
0
758,859
Spatial heterogeneity of PM10 and O3 in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and implications for human health studies
Bravo, MA; Bell, ML
2,011
Developing exposure estimates is a challenging aspect of investigating the health effects of air pollution. Pollutant levels recorded at centrally located ambient air quality monitors in a community are commonly used as proxies for population exposures. However, if ample intraurban spatial variation in pollutants exist...
1
749,663
The international collaboration on air pollution and pregnancy outcomes: Initial results
Parker, JD; Rich, DQ; Glinianaia, SV; Leem, JH; Wartenberg, D; Bell, ML; Bonzini, M; Brauer, M; Darrow, L; Gehring, U; Gouveia, N; Grillo, P; Ha, E; van den Hooven, EH; Jalaludin, B; Jesdale, BM; Lepeule, J; Morello-Frosch, R; Morgan, GG; Slama, R; Pierik, FH; Pesatori, AC; Sathyanarayana, S; Seo, J; Strickland, M; Tam...
2,011
Background: The findings of prior studies of air pollution effects on adverse birth outcomes are difficult to synthesize because of differences in study design.Objectives: The International Collaboration on Air Pollution and Pregnancy Outcomes was formed to understand how differences in research methods contribute to v...
0
689,856
Short-term association between exposure to ozone and mortality in Oporto, Portugal
de Almeida, SP; Casimiro, E; Calheiros, J
2,011
Exposures to air pollution in developed countries have generally decreased over the last two decades. However, many recent epidemiological studies have consistently shown positive associations between low-level exposure to air pollutants and health outcomes. In Portugal, very few studies have analysed the acute effect ...
0
749,441
T(H)17 cells in asthma and inflammation
Aujla, SJ; Alcorn, JF
2,011
The chronic airway disease asthma causes significant burden to patients as well as the healthcare system with limited options for prevention or cure. Inadequate treatment strategies are most likely due to the complex heterogeneous nature of asthma. Furthermore, the severe asthma phenotype is characterized by the lack o...
0
749,267
Effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning on different hepatic biomarkers of oxidative stress in endotoxic shock in mice
Rodriguez, ZZ; Guanche, D; Alvarez, RG; Martinez, Y; Alonso, Y; Schulz, S
2,011
In endotoxic shock, variations are known to occur in different biochemical parameters of oxidative stress. Ozone oxidative preconditioning (OOP) is a good candidate to restore the redox balance on different tissue. This investigation examined the effect of OOP on different biomarkers of oxidative stress in hepatic tiss...
0
688,909
Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma
Ege, MJ; Mayer, M; Normand, AC; Genuneit, J; Cookson, WOCM; Braun-Fahrlander, C; Heederik, D; Piarroux, R; von Mutius, E
2,011
Background: Children who grow up in environments that afford them a wide range of microbial exposures, such as traditional farms, are protected from childhood asthma and atopy. In previous studies, markers of microbial exposure have been inversely related to these conditions. Methods: In two cross-sectional studies, we...
0
699,956
Does exposure to air pollution in urban parks have socioeconomic, racial or ethnic gradients
Su, J; Jerrett, M; de Nazelle, A; Wolch, J
2,011
Little is known about the levels of air pollution at public parks where regular exercise takes place or in park-adjacent neighborhoods where people have easy access to parks. In this study we investigated the ambient concentrations of criteria pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), fine particulate (PM(2.5)) and ozone (O...
0
749,402
SB-656933, a novel CXCR2 selective antagonist, inhibits ex-vivo neutrophil activation and ozone-induced airway inflammation in humans
Lazaar, AL; Sweeney, LE; Macdonald, AJ; Alexis, NE; Chen, C; Tal-Singer, R
2,011
What is already known about this subject Receptor antagonists that block the binding of chemokines such as CXCL8 (IL-8) are effective in animals models of neutrophil-mediated inflammation. It has been hypothesized that selective inhibition of neutrophil trafficking and activation may be a useful adjunct for the treatme...
0
783,802
Cellulose and lignin biosynthesis is altered by ozone in wood of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula ? alba)
Richet, N; Afif, D; Huber, F; Pollet, B; Banvoy, J; El Zein, R; Lapierre, C; Dizengremel, P; Perre, P; Cabane, M
2,011
Wood formation in trees is a dynamic process that is strongly affected by environmental factors. However, the impact of ozone on wood is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of ozone on wood formation by focusing on the two major wood components, cellulose and lignin, and analysing a...
0
749,259
In utero tobacco smoke exposure alters pulmonary responses of newborn rats to ozone
Han, SG; Bhoopalan, V; Akinbiyi, T; Gairola, CG; Bhalla, DK
2,011
Prenatal tobacco smoke (TS) exposure has been implicated in various adverse health outcomes in the offspring, including poor development of lung and immune system, which in turn can alter the response of neonates to environmental challenges. This study was performed to determine whether in utero exposure to TS influenc...
1
749,258
Ozone inhalation activates stress-responsive regions of the CNS
Gackiere, F; Saliba, L; Baude, A; Bosler, O; Strube, C
2,011
J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 961-972. ABSTRACT: Ozone (O(3) ), a major component of air pollution, has considerable impact on public health. Besides the well-described respiratory tract inflammation and dysfunctions, there is accumulating evidence indicating that O(3) exposure affects brain functions. However, the mechani...
1
783,759
Growth of soybean at future tropospheric ozone concentrations decreases canopy evapotranspiration and soil water depletion
Bernacchi, CJ; Leakey, AD; Kimball, BA; Ort, DR
2,011
Tropospheric ozone is increasing in many agricultural regions resulting in decreased stomatal conductance and overall biomass of sensitive crop species. These physiological effects of ozone forecast changes in evapotranspiration and thus in the terrestrial hydrological cycle, particularly in intercontinental interiors....
0
749,407
In vitro stability and metabolism of O2', O3', O5'-tri-acetyl-N(6)-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine in rat, dog and human plasma: Chemical hydrolysis and role of plasma esterases
Liu, Y; He, J; Abliz, Z; Zhu, H
2,011
O2', O3', O5'-tri-acetyl-N(6)-(3-hydroxylaniline)adenosine (WS070117), a new structure-type lipid regulator, is being developed in pre-clinical study. In order to monitor drug kinetics it is essential to understand pre-analytical factors that may affect drug assay. In vitro stability and metabolism were investigated us...
0
757,783
Outdoor air pollution and asthma in children
Tzivian, L
2,011
Background. Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, is associated with reversible airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness to triggers; clinical symptoms include wheezing, episodic cough, shortness of breath, and increased mucous production. Ambient or outdoor environmental exposure to ozone, particula...
0
696,634
Elevated ozone reduces methane emissions from peatland mesocosms
Toet, S; Ineson, P; Peacock, S; Ashmore, M
2,011
Although the effects of elevated ozone on aboveground carbon (C) assimilation are well understood, its effects on soil C fluxes are less certain. Mesocosms taken from a lowland raised bog in northern England were exposed in open-top chambers for 2 years to ambient air or ambient air plus ozone elevated for 8 h day-1 by...
1
783,792
Growth, leaf traits and litter decomposition of roadside hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L.? P. tremuloides Michx.) clones
Nikula, S; Manninen, S; Vapaavuori, E; Pulkkinen, P
2,011
Road traffic contributes considerably to ground-level air pollution and is therefore likely to affect roadside ecosystems. Differences in growth and leaf traits among 13 hybrid aspen (Populus tremula ? P. tremuloides) clones were studied in relation to distance from a motorway. The trees sampled were growing 15 and 30 ...
0
757,784
Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD
Peacock, JL; Anderson, HR; Bremner, SA; Marston, L; Seemungal, TA; Strachan, DP; Wedzicha, JA
2,011
Objectives Time series studies have shown adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on mortality and hospital admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but panel studies have been inconsistent. This study investigates short-term effects of outdoor nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, p...
1
783,780
Highly contrasting effects of different climate forcing agents on terrestrial ecosystem services
Huntingford, C; Cox, PM; Mercado, LM; Sitch, S; Bellouin, N; Boucher, O; Gedney, N
2,011
Many atmospheric constituents besides carbon dioxide (CO(2)) contribute to global warming, and it is common to compare their influence on climate in terms of radiative forcing, which measures their impact on the planetary energy budget. A number of recent studies have shown that many radiatively active constituents als...
0
749,409
Efficacy of the pan-selectin antagonist Bimosiamose on ozone-induced airway inflammation in healthy subjects - A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial
Kirsten, A; Watz, H; Kretschmar, G; Pedersen, F; Bock, D; Meyer-Sabellek, W; Magnussen, H
2,011
Selectins, a family of cell adhesion molecules, are involved in the activation and extravasation of leukocytes in inflammatory diseases. Inhalation of ozone induces an inflammation of the airways, which is dominated by neutrophils. We investigated the effect of repeated inhalations of the pan-selectin antagonist Bimosi...
0
733,688
Particulate air pollution exposure and C-reactive protein during early pregnancy
Lee, PC; Talbott, EO; Roberts, JM; Catov, JM; Sharma, RK; Ritz, B
2,011
BACKGROUND: It is not well understood how air pollution leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes. One pathway may be through C-reactive protein, a biomarker of systemic inflammation that has been reported to increase the risk of preterm delivery. We examined whether air pollution influences serum concentrations of C-reactiv...
0
786,832
Kinetics of the reactions of OH radicals with 2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, diethylamine, and 1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxan-1-ol at 298 ? 2 K
Tuazon, EC; Martin, P; Aschmann, SM; Arey, J; Atkinson, R
2,011
Rate constants for the reactions of 2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, diethylamine, and 1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxan-1-ol with OH radicals have been measured at 298 +/- 2 K using a relative rate method. The measured rate constants (cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) are (1.54 +/- 0.21) x 10(-12) for 2-methoxy-6-(trifluor...
0
783,786
Cadmium pollution enhanced ozone damage to winter wheat: Biochemical and physiological evidences
Li, Y; Li, C; Zheng, Y; Wu, G; Wuyun, T; Xu, H; He, X; Jiang, G
2,011
Combined effects of ozone (O3) and cadmium (Cd) on growth and physiology of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. JM22) were determined. Wheat plants were grown without or with Cd and exposed to charcoal-filtered air (< 10 ppb O3) or elevated O3 (80 ? 5 ppb, 7 hr/day) for 20 days. Results showed that O3 considerably d...
0
758,519
Surface reaction rate and probability of ozone and alpha-terpineol on glass, polyvinyl chloride, and latex paint surfaces
Shu, S; Morrison, GC
2,011
Ozone can react homogeneously with unsaturated organic compounds in buildings to generate undesirable products. However, these reactions can also occur on indoor surfaces, especially for low-volatility organics. Conversion rates of ozone with ?-terpineol, a representative low-volatility compound, were quantified on sur...
1
749,410
Exposure to 1-bromopropane causes degeneration of noradrenergic axons in the rat brain
Mohideen, SS; Ichihara, G; Ichihara, S; Nakamura, S
2,011
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been used as an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents. Previous studies showed that 1-BP is neurotoxic in animals and humans. In humans, exposure to 1-BP caused various neurological and neurobehavioral symptoms or signs including depressive or irritated mood. However, the neurobiological cha...
0
749,268
Comparison of ozone-specific (OZAC) and oxygen radical (ORAC) antioxidant capacity assays for use with nasal lavage fluid
Rutkowski, JM; Santiag, LY; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS
2,011
Antioxidants in respiratory mucus protect the underlying airway epithelium from damage by ozone (O(3)), a common outdoor air pollutant. To understand O(3)-antioxidant interactions and the variation of these interactions among individuals, in vitro assays are needed to measure the total antioxidant capacity of airway la...
1