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38,173
Variations in asthma hospitalizations and deaths in New York City
Carr, W; Zeitel, L; Weiss, K
1,992
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Recent reports have identified New York City as having asthma mortality rates that are substantially higher than expected based on US rates. This study investigates the problems of asthma morbidity and mortality in New York City.<br /><br /><strong>METHODS: </strong>Data on asthma hospitali...
0
43,799
Seasonal response of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var elliottii Engelm) photosynthesis to long-term exposure to ozone and acidic precipitation
Byres, DP; Johnson, JD; Dean, TJ
1,992
Four half-sib families of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) were planted in open-top chambers and exposed to ozone and simulated acidic precipitation (3:7 molar ratio of nitric and sulphuric acids). The 4 ozone treatments were (1) charcoal-filtered air, (2) unfiltered ambient air, (3) twice ambient and (4) th...
0
42,814
Regional respiratory tract absorption of inhaled reactive gases
Miller, FJ; Overton, JH; Kimbell, JS; Russell, ML
1,992
Highly reactive gases present unique problems due to the number of factors which must be taken into account to determine regional respiratory tract uptake. The authors reviewed some of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that affect dose and that must be understood to interpret toxicological data, to evaluat...
0
42,815
Long-term effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the metabolism and population of alveolar macrophages
Mochitate, K; Ishida, K; Ohsumi, T; Miura, T
1,992
To investigate how alveolar macrophages adapt themselves to oxidative pollutants in the long term, rats were exposed to a strong oxidant, ozone (O3), or a weak oxidant, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), for a maximum duration of 12 wk. After exposures, alveolar macrophages were collected by pulmonary lavage. Throughout 11 wk of ...
0
38,072
Synergistic interaction of nitrogen dioxide and ozone on rat lungs: acute responses
Gelzleichter, TR; Witschi, H; Last, JA
1,992
Rats were exposed for 6 hr per day to either ozone alone (0.2-0.8 ppm), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) alone (3.6-14.4 ppm), or to combinations of these two oxidant air pollutants. Their response was quantified by changes in the total protein content of lung lavage supernatants or by changes in the content of specific cell typ...
0
34,576
Nitrogen cycling and nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems
Aber, JD
1,992
The last decade has seen a dramatic shift in the focus of nitrogen cycling research in forest ecosystems. Concerns over nitrogen deficiencies and effects of removal in harvest have given way to concerns over excess nitrogen availability and the potential for forest decline and surface water pollution. Driving this para...
0
39,619
National air pollutant emission estimates, 1900-1991
null
1,992
null
0
38,415
Endotoxin treatment protects rats against ozone-induced lung edema: with evidence for the role of manganese superoxide dismutase
Rahman, I; Massaro, D
1,992
Ozone is a strong oxidizing agent that can cause lung damage and edema. There is evidence that it does so by causing peroxidation of membrane lipids. However, the elevation in lung activity of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu, ZnSOD), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) during exposure to ozone suggests tha...
0
42,708
Relation of peak expiratory flow rates and symptoms to ambient ozone
Krzyzanowski, M; Quackenboss, JJ; Lebowitz, MD
1,992
The temporal association between peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) and ambient ozone (O3) was studied in a group of 287 children and 523 nonsmoking adults in Tucson. In children, noon PEFRs were decreased on days when there was a higher O3 concentration; children with physician-confirmed asthma experienced the greates...
0
38,131
Spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric nitric acid and particulate nitrate concentrations in the Los Angeles area
Solomon, PA; Salmon, LG; Fall, T; Cass, GR
1,992
#A 1-year atmospheric measurement program was conducted throughout the South Coast Air Basin in the greater Los Angeles area during 1986 to determine the long-term average concentration patterns of gaseous HNO3 and aerosol nitrates. Upwind of the air basin at San Nicolas Island, HNO3 levels are very low, averaging 0.3 ...
0
28,565
Emission of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds from sawdust and lumber, different wood-based panels, and other building materials: a comparative study
Sundin, EB; Risholm-Sundman, M; Edenholm, K
1,992
A number of commonly used building and fitting materials have been studied with regard to the emission of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde. Tested materials included planed pine lumber, coated and raw particle board of different ages, MDF, hardboard, plywood, and gypsum board. Sawdust and shavings have also ...
0
91,048
Nitric oxide, an inhibitor of lipid oxidation by lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and hemoglobin
Kanner, J; Harel, S; Granit, R
1,992
The present study demonstrated that nitric oxide, which is an important mammalian metabolite, can inhibit oxidation by lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and hemoglobin. The inhibition is manifested as a lag-phase that is reversible. The inhibitory effect of nitric oxide on lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase seems to derive fro...
0
37,945
Indoor ozone and nitrogen dioxide: a potential pathway to the generation of nitrate radicals, dinitrogen pentaoxide, and nitric acid indoors
Weschler, CJ; Brauer, M; Koutrakis, P
1,992
Outdoors, in the absence of direct sunlight, significant concentrations of the nitrate radical can result from the reaction between ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The nitrate radical will rapidly equilibrate with dinitrogen pentaoxide, and both of these species can further react to produce nitric acid. We suggest that sim...
0
43,334
Spatial variation in ozone resistance of British populations of Plantago major L
Reiling, K; Davison, AW
1,992
The relative ozone resistance of samples from 28 British Plantago major L. populations, grown from seed, was measured by exposure to charcoal-filtered air or air containing 70 nl l-1 O3 (7 h d-1) over 2 wk. Mean relative growth rate (RBAR) and the allometric root/shoot coefficient (K) were measured. Ozone resistance wa...
0
42,688
Inhaled toxicants and airway hyperresponsiveness
Farley, JM
1,992
null
0
42,772
Ozone is mutagenic in Salmonella
Dillon, D; Combes, R; Mcconville, M; Zeiger, E
1,992
Ozone is a highly reactive gas that has been tested for genotoxicity in a number of systems. Induced genetic damage resulting from ozone treatment may not be readily observed because of the high toxicity of the chemical and difficulties in generating and administering controlled concentrations. The mutagenicity of ozon...
0
42,664
Chronic exposure to ozone and respiratory health of children [letter]
Schmitzberger, R; Rhomberg, K; Kemmler, G
1,992
null
0
42,786
Age-dependence of responses to acute ozone exposure in rats
Gunnison, AF; Wiedeman, PA; Sobo, M; Koenig, KL; Chen, LC
1,992
Previous work from this laboratory demonstrated that neonatal rats and postweanling rabbits are more sensitive to ozone-induced stimulation of pulmonary arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism than are young adults (Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.15, 779.) In the study reported here, we have extended our initial investigation to inclu...
0
44,396
Sulfuric acid aerosol exposure in humans assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage
Frampton, MW; Voter, KZ; Morrow, PE; Roberts, NJ, Jr; Culp, DJ; Cox, C; Utell, MJ
1,992
Electric Power Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Division of Research Resources. #Epidemiologic and experimental evidence suggests that exposure to acidic aerosols may affect human health. Brief exposures to acidic aerosols alter mucocillary clearance and increase airway responsiveness, but effects on ...
0
42,837
Particulate air pollution and hospitalization for asthma
Tseng, RYM; Li, CK; Spinks, JA
1,992
Glaxo; Astra Pharmaceuticals. #Age-specific quarterly asthmatic hospital discharge rates in Hong Kong during 1983 to 1989 were examined in relation to mean levels of six pollutants: sulfur dioxide (SO9, ozone (03), total suspended particles (TSP), respiratory suspended particles (RSP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitro...
0
28,423
Characterizing emissions and health effects of sources of indoor air contaminants
Tucker, WG
1,992
null
0
87,568
Interpolation with uncertain spatial covariances: a Bayesian alternative to Kriging
Le, ND; Zidek, JV
1,992
null
0
42,727
Exposure of rats to ozone: evidence of damage to heart and brain
Rahman, IU; Massaro, GD; Massaro, D
1,992
Ozone is a strong oxidizing agent, and in many locations it is a major atmospheric pollutant. It is phytotoxic and an important cause of lung dysfunction in humans. Recently, a significant association has been established between total atmospheric oxidants, of which ozone is one, and daily cardiovascular mortality rate...
0
53,172
Forest Health in the Blue Mountains: the influence of insects and diseases
Wickman, BE
1,992
A science perspective of forest health in the Blue Mountains is summarized by using both historical and biological information. Many of the current pest problems are related to human activities that have occurred over the last 90 years. The almost complete loss of periodic low-intensity fires since 1900 plus extensive ...
0
52,734
Reaction of ozone with glycophorin in solution and in lipid vesicles
Banerjee, SK; Mudd, JB
1,992
Glycophorin from human red blood cells was exposed to ozone in aqueous solution. Amino acid analysis of glycophorin exposed to a 10-fold molar excess of ozone showed that the only residue affected was methionine. Both methionine residues of the protein were oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. Exposure of the oxidized pr...
0
42,731
Air pollution and the duration of acute respiratory symptoms
Schwartz, J
1,992
The possibility that air pollution exposure can extend the duration of respiratory symptoms was examined in a diary study of student nurses. This diary study has already shown associations between air pollution and incidence rates of respiratory symptoms. After individual risk factors and temperature were controlled fo...
0
43,208
Effects of genotype on the response of Populus tremuloides Michx to ozone and nitrogen deposition
Karnosky, DF; Gagnon, ZE; Reed, DD; Witter, JA
1,992
null
0
42,699
Ozone-induced acute tracheobronchial epithelial injury: relationship to granulocyte emigration in the lung
Hyde, DM; Hubbard, WC; Wong, V; Wu, R; Pinkerton, K; Plopper, CG
1,992
To investigate the relationship between granulocyte emigration and epithelial injury in specific airway generations of the tracheobronchial tree following short-term ozone exposure, we exposed rhesus monkeys for 8 h to 0.00 (controls) or 0.96 ppm ozone with post-exposure periods of 1, 12, 24, 72, and 168 h in filtered ...
1
43,967
Measurements of NOy, NOx, and NO2 using a new converter-sequencer and sensitive Luminox(R) detection
Drummond, JW; Shepson, PB; Mackay, GI; Schiff, HI
1,992
null
0
42,795
Combined exposure to NO2, O3 and H2SO4-aerosol and lung tumor formation in rats
Ichinose, T; Sagai, M
1,992
Summary The promoting effects of a combined exposure to two pollutants (NO2, O3 or H2,SO4-aerosol) at near ambient levels on lung tumorigenesis induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropvl) nitrosamine (BHPN) were investigated in male Wistar rats. The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of BHPN (0.5 g per kg body ...
0
44,109
User's guide for the urban airshed model, volume IV: user's manual for the emissions preprocessor system 20 Part A: core FORTRAN system Part B: interface and emission display system
null
1,992
null
0
36,436
Sleep-wake disorganization in cats exposed to ozone
Paz, C; Bazan-Perkins, B
1,992
The effects of the exposure to ozone in the central nervous system are unknown, as it is doubtful if ozone enters beyond the respiratory tract. However, ozone exposure impairs human performance and induces subjective complaints such as fatigue, lethargy and headache. We studied electrographic aspects of sleep-wake orga...
1
13,762
Kinetics and enzyme involvement in the metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in microsomes of rat lung and nasal mucosa
Smith, TJ; Guo, Z; Hong, JY; Ning, SM; Thomas, PE; Yang, CS
1,992
National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Science.
0
90,023
Non specific environmental factors and asthma development
Gorski, P; Tarkowski, M
1,992
Environmental pollutants seem to be responsible for dramatical increase of allergic disorders that have been observed lately. The best documented environmental factors facilitating allergy development are: ozone, diesel-exhaust particulate matter and tobacco smoke. Formaldehyde and SO2 seem to be also very important bu...
0
43,344
Use of a non-linear model in examining growth responses of loblolly pine to ozone and acid precipitation
Somerville, MC; Shadwick, DS; Meldahl, RS; Chappelka, AH; Lockaby, BG
1,992
null
0
55,189
Impact of recent total ozone changes on tropospheric ozone photodissociation, hydroxyl radicals, and methane trends
Madronich, S; Granier, C
1,992
Trends in total atmospheric ozone from 1979-1989 were analyzed to derive the corresponding changes in the tropospheric photodissociation rate coefficient Ji for the reaction o3+ hv (X < 330 nm) -> O2+ O(1D). Zonally and annually integrated trends in J1 are +3.8 ? 2.9% per decade in the Northern hemisphere and +4.1 ? 2...
0
42,983
Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1991 [preprint]
null
1,992
null
0
79,115
Peer review workshop report on a framework for ecological risk assessment
null
1,992
null
0
28,769
Measuring the TVOC contributions of carpet using environmental chambers
Black, MS
1,992
null
0
44,035
Statistical analysis of trends in urban ozone air quality
Rao, ST; Sistla, G; Henry, R
1,992
null
0
43,173
Effect of an anti-mo1 MAb on ozone-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs
Li, Z; Daniel, EE; Lane, CG; Arnaout, MA
1,992
Ozone inhalation causes neutrophil migration into the airway and airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs. The leukocyte adhesion molecule Mo1 (CD11b/CD18) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein the expression of which is necessary for neutrophil adhesion to endothelium. To evaluate the contribution of Mo1 to ozone-induced neutroph...
0
42,995
Temporal patterns in air pollution and hospital admissions
Lipfert, FW; Hammerstrom, T
1,992
A 6-year data set of daily counts of admissions to 79 acute care hospitals in Southern Ontario was analyzed in relation to concurrent measurements of air pollution and weather pooled over the same regions, using progressively more sophisticated statistical techniques. The diagnoses studied included a group of respirato...
0
54,797
Alterations in carbohydrate levels in leaves of Populus due to ambient air pollution
Bucker, J; Ballach, HJ
1,992
Cuttings of Populus nigra L. cv. Loenen and Populus maximowiczii Henri x Populus nigra L. cv. Rochester were exposed for 6 weeks in open-top Chambers to investigate effects of realistic mixtures of ozone, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides on carbohydrate levels. Whereas the total main nonstructural carbohydrates in ...
0
40,529
Air pollution and daily mortality: associations with particulates and acid aerosols
Dockery, DW; Schwartz, J; Spengler, JD
1,992
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Electric Power Research Institute; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #The association between total daily mortality and air pollution was investigated for a 1-year period (September 1985 through August 1986) in St. Louis and in the counties in eastern Tennessee s...
0
42,789
Effects of steady-state and variable ozone concentration profiles on pulmonary function
Hazucha, MJ; Folinsbee, LJ; Seal, E, Jr
1,992
Measurements of ambient ozone (O2) concentration during daylight hours have shown a spectrum of concentration profiles, from a relatively stable to a variable pattern usually reaching a peak level in the early afternoon. Several recent studies have suggested that in estimating exposure dose (O3 concentration [C] x expo...
1
83,809
Exposures of older adults with chronic respiratory illness to nitrogen dioxide: a combined laboratory and field study
Hackney, JD; Linn, WS; Avol, EL; Shamoo, DA; Anderson, KR; Solomon, JC; Little, DE; Peng, RC
1,992
We combined field and laboratory experimentation to evaluate the effects of nitrogen dioxide in a panel of Los Angeles area residents with chronic respiratory illness, 15 men and 11 women aged 47 to 69. All had heavy smoking history, chronic symptoms, and low FEV1; some also had low FVC. During the fall-winter high-NO2...
0
55,041
The impact of air-pollution in an urban area on the amount of solar ultraviolet radiation at the surface
Cartalis, C; Varotsos, C; Feidas, H
1,992
Measured and calculated values of solar ultraviolet radiation (SUVR) at the surface in the Athens area show significant negative correlation between the SUVR values and the level of ozone. This negative correlation supports the hypothesis that increased levels of ozone in the lower troposphere may protect the surface f...
0
46,795
Ecology and decline of red spruce in the eastern United States
Eagar, C; Adams, MB
1,992
null
0
42,816
Environmental influence: potential interactions
Naclerio, RM; Togias, AG
1,992
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN OZONE AIR POLLUTION ALLERGY UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
0
13,764
Nitric oxide circulates in mammalian plasma primarily as an S-nitroso adduct of serum albumin
Stamler, JS; Jaraki, O; Osborne, J; Simon, DI; Keaney, J; Vita, J; Singel, D; Valeri, CR; Loscalzo, J
1,992
National Institutes of Health. We have recently shown that nitric oxide or authentic endothelium-derived relaxing factor generated in a biologic system reacts in the presence of specific protein thiols to form S-nitrosoprotein derivatives that have endothelium-derived relaxing factor-like properties. The single free cy...
0
43,335
The response of native, herbaceous species to ozone: growth and fluorescence screening
Reiling, K; Davison, AW
1,992
Ozone concentrations in many parts of Europe exceed the proposed UN-ECE Critical Levels for the protection of ecosystems but there is so little known about the effects on native, herbaceous species, that it is presently impossible to judge what effect, if any, these concentrations are having on this group of plants. Th...
0
32,504
Airshed calculation of the sensitivity of pollutant formation to organic compound classes and oxygenates associated with alternative fuels
Mcnair, L; Russell, A; Odman, MT
1,992
In response to the desire to allow the use of cleaner-burning automotive fuels, and at the same time to provide an equitable regulatory framework for comparing specific fuel/vehicle combinations, recent action by the California Air Resources Board Proposed a reactivity-weighting for calculating the allowable automobile...
0
42,831
Long-term intermittent exposure to sulfuric acid aerosol, ozone and their combination: alterations in tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance and epithelial secretory cells
Schlesinger, RB; Gorczynski, JE; Dennison, J; Richards, L; Kinney, PL; Bosland, MC
1,992
Understanding the effects from long-term exposure to individual ambient air pollutants and mixtures of pollutants is necessary for adequate assessment of health risk. This study examined quantitative and temporal alterations in tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance function and bronchial epithelial secretory cells in ...
0
43,083
Estimates of ozone response to various combinations of NOx and VOC emission reductions in the eastern United States
Roselle, SJ; Schere, KL; Chu, SH
1,992
null
0
43,879
Crop responses to ozone
Runeckles, VC; Chevone, BI
1,992
null
0
43,363
A survey of data from the continuous sites of the 1990 Atlanta ozone precursor study
Shreffler, JH
1,992
null
0
43,773
The effects of sulphur dioxide and ozone on the mycorrhizas of Scots pine and Norway spruce in a field fumigation system
Shaw, PJA; Dighton, J; Poskitt, J; McLeod, AR
1,992
The work described below was performed in an open air fumigation experiment in which young conifers were exposed to controlled levels of the pollutant gases sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3). The mycorrhizal community was analysed both by fruitbody counts and root harvests for morphotype analysis throughout the 6 yr...
0
67,266
Prevention of occupational lung disease
Bates, DV; Gotsch, AR; Brooks, S; Hankinson, JL; Merchant, JA
1,992
null
0
42,773
Carbohydrate cytochemistry of bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) nasal epithelium: Response to ambient levels of ozone
Dimitriadis, VK
1,992
The main purpose of this study was to determine whether exposures to ambient levels of ozone induced changes in the carbohydrate content in the anterior nasal cavity of bonnet monkey. Monkeys were exposed to 0.00. 0.15, or 0.30 ppm of ozone for 6 or 90 days, 8 hours/day. Monkeys treated for 90 days to 0.15 or 0.30 ppm ...
1
43,596
Sensitivity of four hardwood species to ambient ozone in north central Pennsylvania
Simini, M; Skelly, JM; Davis, DD; Savage, JE; Comrie, AC
1,992
Studies were performed to determine the injury and growth response of four native tree species to ambient ozone on ridgetop sites of the Allegheny Plateau of north central Pennsylvania. Open top chambers were established at each of three sites located in Clear Creek State Park, Jefferson County (41-degrees-9'39""...
0
38,922
The effect of ozone associated with summertime photochemical smog on the frequency of asthma visits to hospital emergency departments
Cody, RP; Weisel, CP; Birnbaum, G; Lioy, PJ
1,992
null
0
80,697
Aqueous-phase photochemical formation of peroxides, peroxyl radicals, and singlet molecular oxygen in authentic cloud waters [abstract]
Faust, BC; Allen, JM; Anastasio, C
1,992
null
0
43,558
The response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) to ozone at higher elevations III Responses of leaf and canopy gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence to ozone flux
Grandjean Grimm, A; Fuhrer, J
1,992
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Albis) was grown in open-top chambers and exposed to four different levels of ozone (O3) from the three-leaf stage until maturity. The aim was to examine changes in leaf and canopy gas exchange, and in chlorophyll fluorescence, in response to O3 flux. Measurements were carried ou...
0
44,365
Health effects of air pollution: a review of clinical studies
Gong, H, Jr
1,992
The database for the acute health effects of common outdoor air pollutants is rapidly increasing but important gaps still exist. Greater technical efforts and innovative studies are required to adequately characterize health effects and understand the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. Controlled human exposures provid...
0
91,562
The combined effect of mineral nutrition and soluble aluminum on Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings
Ilvesniemi, H
1,992
In this study the toxic effect of soluble inorganic aluminium on Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings was tested at five aluminium (0, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg Al l-1) and two nutritional levels. Mineral nutrients and aluminium were both given via the irrigation water. The nutrients were supplied at the optimal ratio suggest...
0
44,407
The effects of air pollution on allergic bronchial responsiveness
Molfino, NA; Slutsky, AS; Zamel, N
1,992
null
0
43,592
Photosynthesis, growth, and yield response of `Casselman' plum to various ozone partial pressures during orchard establishment
Retzlaff, WA; Williams, LE; Dejong, TM
1,992
Nursery stock of plum (Prunus salicina Lindel., Casselman) was planted 1 Apr. 1988 in an experimental orchard at the Kearney Agricultural Center, Univ. of California, near Fresno. The trees were enclosed in open-top fumigation chambers on 1 May 1989 and exposed to three atmospheric ozone partial pressures (charcoal-fil...
0
43,994
A new method for exposing mature trees to ozone episodes
Wiltshire, JJJ; Wright, CJ; Unsworth, MH
1,992
null
0
38,163
Delayed effects of NO2 exposure on alveolar permeability and glutathione peroxidase in healthy humans
Rasmussen, TR; Kjaergaard, SK; Tarp, U; Pedersen, OF
1,992
#Potential toxic effects of prolonged NO2 exposure below the current threshold limit value (TLV) were examined in 14 healthy, nonsmoking adults. The subjects were exposed to 2.3 ppm NO2 and to clean air for 5 h with a 1-wk interval between exposures. Physiologic and biochemical measurements were obtained during the exp...
0
43,243
Emissions of volatile organic compounds from vegetation and the implications for atmospheric chemistry
Fehsenfeld, F; Calvert, J; Fall, R; Goldan, P; Guenther, AB; Hewitt, CN; Lamb, B; Liu, S; Trainer, M; Westberg, H; Zimmerman, P
1,992
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Vegetation provides a major source of reactive carbon entering the atmosphere. These compounds play an important role in (1) shaping global tropospheric chemistry, (2) regional photochemical oxidant formation, (3) balancing the global carbon cycle, and (4) production of organic acids which...
0
55,150
Annual and semiannual waves in ozone as derived from SBUV vertical global ozone profiles
Varotsos, C; Helmis, C; Cartalis, C
1,992
#Global averages of monthly ozone profile data obtained using the solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument, are analyzed for the period from November 1978 to September 1985. Differences between ozone profile data for Umkehr layers 4 to 10 - from 19 km to 53 km, approximately - and the deseasonalized ozone data a...
0
52,933
Sensitivity of forest soils in the western US to acidic deposition
Binkley, D
1,992
Introduction Air pollutants, including acidic deposition, may affect forests through direct impacts on leaves, or through indirect effects on soil chemistry, microbiology, and tree roots. A great deal of interest and research has been focused on the effects of acidic deposition on forest soils; for reviews see Berden...
0
38,673
Photochemical ozone creation potentials: a study of different concepts
Andersson-Skold, Y; Grennfelt, P; Pleijel, K
1,992
Photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCP) have been calculated for 75 organic compounds and carbon monoxide. The creation potentials are calculated using different concepts; peak ozone concentrations and the average formation of ozone, including the amount deposited, during two or four days. The calculations were ...
0
77,547
The effect of nitric acid vapor alone, and in combination with ozone in exercising, healthy subjects as assessed by bronchoalveolar and proximal lavage
Aris, R; Christian, D; Hearne, PQ; Balmes, JR
1,992
null
0
42,590
Surface-level ozone: climate change and evidence for trends
Lefohn, AS; Shadwick, DS; Feister, U; Mohnen, VA
1,992
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
0
44,155
Experimental methodology for studying the effects of ozone on crops and trees
Manning, WJ; Krupa, SV
1,992
null
1
95,553
Relationships between leaf anatomy and ozone sensitivity for Fraxinus pennsylvanica marsh and Prunus serotina Ehrh
Bennett, JP; Rassat, P; Berrang, P; Karnosky, DF
1,992
It is well known that there are genetic differences in sensitivity of broad-leaved tree species to ozone (O3). It would be helpful to know if individual trees in the field could be classified as sensitive or tolerant based on properties of sensitivity other than the presence/absence of foliar injury symptoms. We hypo...
0
43,256
Atlanta ozone precursor monitoring study data report
Purdue, LJ; Reagan, JA; Lonneman, WA; Lawlass, TC; Drago, RJ; Zalaquet, GM; Holdren, MW; Smith, DL; Pate, AD; Buxton, BE; Spicer, CW
1,992
Monitoring was conducted during the summer of 1990 to address the measurement of ozone (O3) and ozone precursors in Atlanta, Georgia. Data were collected using automated gas chromatography. Resolved individual species were detected via a flame ionization detector (FID) and an electron capture detector (ECD). The study ...
0
27,065
The ecology and economics of biodiversity loss: the research agenda
Perrings, C; Folke, C; Maler, KG
1,992
As the UNCED process draws global attention to the potentially enormous welfare implications of biodiversity loss, it is useful to take stock of what is and is not known about the problem. Combining the insights from the disciplines of economics and ecology, this paper outlines the most urgent questions for research in...
0
28,399
Air monitoring of volatile organic materials architectural coatings
Gozdan, WJ
1,992
The Rohm and Haas Company is a major supplier of raw materials to the Architectural Coatings industry. To ensure the overall quality of our products we have established a Product Stewardship Program for each of our business groups. The Product Safety Committee is a key element of this program and oversees the safety of...
0
52,285
Assessment of pollutant emission inventories by principal component analysis of ambient air measurements
Buhr, MP; Trainer, M; Parrish, DD; Sievers, RE; Fehsenfeld, FC
1,992
The emission ratios of [CO]/[NOx] and [SO2]/[NOx] in point and area type sources in the northeastern United States are estimated through a combination of principal component and bivariate regression analyses of concurrent measurements of [CO], [SO2], [NOx], and [NOy] made at a rural Pennsylvania field site during the s...
0
85,991
Recent evidence on the distribution of air pollution effects
Brajer, V; Hall, JV
1,992
null
0
43,588
Yield and quality of spring barley, Hordeum vulgare L, exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers
Pleijel, H; Skarby, L; Ojanpera, K; Sellden, G
1,992
Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Lina) was exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers (OTCs) for 6 weeks following anthesis at a site located in south-west Sweden during the summer of 1989. The chambers were placed in a field of commercially grown barley. The treatments were charcoal-filter...
0
625,299
Oxidative damage to plasma constituents by ozone
Cross, CE; Motchnik, PA; Bruener, BA; Jones, DA; Kaur, H; Ames, BN; Halliwell, B
1,992
The reaction of ozone (O3) with human blood plasma was studied to help understand possible events that could occur in the respiratory tract. Uric acid (quantitatively the most important scavenger) and ascorbic acid were oxidized quickly, protein-SH groups were lost more slowly, and there was no loss of bilirubin or alp...
1
13,801
Urban air pollution in megacities of the world
null
1,992
null
0
11,876
Air pollution and short-term health effects in an industrialized area in Norway Estimating individual air pollution exposure
Clench-Aas, J; Harstad, A; Aarnes, MJ; Bartonova, A; Braathen, OA; Gronskei, KE; Hagen, LO
1,992
Norwegian Ministry of the Environment; Norwegian State Pollution Control Authority. SUMMARY: The Ministry of the Environment and the Norwegian State Pollution Control Authority initiated in 1988 an investigation of the short term health effects of air pollution in Grenland, an industrialized area of Norway. A cohort s...
0
43,259
Nonlinear regression with variance components: Modeling effects of ozone on crop yield
Gumpertz, ML; Rawlings, JO
1,992
Split-plot experimental designs are common in studies of the effects of air pollutants on crop yields. Nonlinear functions such as the Weibull function have been used extensively to model the effect of ozone (O3) exposure on yield of several crop species. The usual nonlinear regression model, which assumes independent ...
1
91,442
Estimating the total value of forest quality in high-elevation spruce-fir forests
Haefele, M; Kramer, RA; Holmes, TP
1,992
The protection of forest resources is currently one of the most important policy issues in the U.S. This paper reports the results of a study to determine the nonmarket benefits of protecting forest quality in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The contingent valuation method is used to estimate the total value of for...
0
42,725
How far does ozone penetrate into the pulmonary air/tissue boundary before it reacts?
Pryor, WA
1,992
A simple method is suggested for calculating the time it takes ozone to traverse a biological region, such as a bilayer or a cell, and comparing this time to the halflife of ozone within that region. For a bilayer the calculations suggest that most of the ozone reacts within a bilayer, but a fraction may exit unreacted...
1
14,586
Global change at the local level: assessing the vulnerability of vertebrate species to climatic warming
Herman, TB; Scott, FW
1,992
We present an approach for analyzing vulnerability of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates in Nova Scotia to climatic warming. Most global circulation models predict decreased summer precipitation, increased winter precipitation (especially rainfall) and higher average winter temperatures in this region. We adapted the ...
0
42,526
Ozone-induced changes in RuBPCase from potato and hybrid poplar
Eckardt, NA; Landry, LG; Pell, EJ
1,992
null
0
47,551
Structure of stratospheric intrusions into the troposphere
Appenzeller, C; Davies, HC
1,992
SUMMARY. FLOW phenomena that link the stratosphere and the troposphere are a key component of mid-latitude weather systems1, and can influence substantially the distribution of atmospheric gases and aerosols2,3. Little is known, however, about the detailed structure of these features. Here we combine satellite measur...
0
37,941
Effect of nitric acid vapor on the response to inhaled ozone
Nadziejko, CE; Nansen, L; Mannix, RC; Kleinman, MT; Phalen, RF
1,992
Studies concerned with the adverse health effects of acidic atmospheres have focused primarily on sulfuric acid aerosols and other acid sulfates. Little information is available on the health effects of nitric acid (HNO3), an important atmospheric pollutant in southern California. The purpose of this study was to inves...
0
42,762
Attenuation of ozone-induced airway permeability in rats by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide, FPL 55712, and indomethacin
Bhalla, DK; Daniels, DS; Luu, NT
1,992
Exposure of rats to ozone (O3) produces an increase in airway permeability and a concomitant influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lung. These observations raise the possibility that the inflammatory cells play a role in the cellular injury and increased airway permeability after O3 exposure. This study was the...
0
42,825
Cholesterol ozonation products as biomarkers for ozone exposure in rats
Pryor, WA; Wang, K; Bermudez, E
1,992
null
0
43,876
Growth and water relationships of red spruce seedlings exposed to atmospheric deposition and drought
Roberts, BR; Cannon, WN, Jr
1,992
null
0
38,786
The effect of air pollution on the mechanism of stomatal control
Maier-Maercker, U; Koch, W
1,992
null
0
43,901
Comparative biochemistry of airway lining fluid
Hatch, GE
1,992
null
1
42,867
Determination of some atmospheric pollutants inside a museum: relationship with the concentration outside
De Santis, F; Di Palo, V; Allegrini, I
1,992
Indoor and outdoor pollutant concentrations were measured simultaneously in the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence. SO2, HNO3. HONO and O3 in the gas phase and sulphate, nitrate and ammonium in particulate matter were measured. Indoor and outdoor values were similar. The indoor/outdoor ratios for all the pollutants, wit...
0
42,253
Respiratory and cardiovascular changes associated with toxic doses of a peptide antagonist of vasopressin in the rat
Murphy, DJ; Joran, ME
1,992
SK&F 101926 is a synthetic octapeptide which was designed to promote free water excretion by antagonizing the action of antidiuretic hormone. The clinical and pathologic changes in rats resulting from lethal doses of SK&F 101926 have suggested that death is associated with respiratory failure and/or cardiovascular coll...
0