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42,621
A national program (NCLAN) to assess the impact of ozone on agricultural resources
Heck, WW; Heagle, AS; Miller, JE; Rawlings, JO
1,991
null
1
42,511
Influence of dietary-induced copper and manganese deficiency on ozone-induced changes in lung and liver antioxidant systems
Zidenberg-Cherr, S; Han, B; Dubick, MA; Keen, CL
1,991
The influence of an animal's copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) status on its response to ozone was investigated in weanling mice. Control, Cu-deficient and Mn-deficient mice were exposed continuously to 1.2 ppm O3 or filtered air for 7 days. In control mice, ozone exposure resulted in higher lung activities of CuZnSOD, ...
0
26,346
Growth responses induced by pathogens and other stresses
Ayres, PG
1,991
INTRO.The interactions among plants, their pathogens, and the abiotic environment can be illustrated as a disease triangle, or as a pyramid if the influence of ontogeny or another temporal aspect is included (Fig. 1). Each of the relationships is two-way, although a plant's ability to modify its abiotic environment is ...
0
28,104
Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, total reduced sulfur, chlorinated hydrocarbons and photochemical oxidants in southern California museums
Hisham, MWM; Grosjean, D
1,991
Indoor and outdoor concentrations of the air pollutants ozone, NO2, SO2, H2S, total reduced sulfur (TRS), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), methyl chloroform and tetrachloroethylene, have been measured at three southern California museums. Indoor maxima were 175 ppb for NO2, 77 ppb for O3, 0.7 ppb for PAN, 1.2 ppb for C2Cl4,...
0
43,285
Evolution in relation to environmental stress
Bradshaw, AD; Mcneilly, T
1,991
null
0
43,375
Adaptation of a white clover population to ozone stress
Heagle, AS; Mclaughlin, MR; Miller, JE; Joyner, RL; Spruill, SE
1,991
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) 'Regal' and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) 'Kentucky 31' were grown together in a field and exposed for two seasons in open-top chambers to six ozone (O3) regimes ranging from 0.59 to 1.95 times the ambient O3 concentration. Plants that survived were propagated clonally an...
0
42,460
Increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of environmental decisions: benefit-cost analysis and effluent fees - a critical review
Lave, L; Gruenspecht, H
1,991
null
0
43,097
Photochemical modeling of two 1984 SCCCAMP oxidant episodes
Tesche, TW; McNally, DE
1,991
Data collected during the 1984 SCCCAMP Exploratory Study were used to develop two multiple-day ozone modeling episodes for the Urban Airshed Model (UAM). An operational model performance evaluation was performed for the 5-7 and 16-17 September 1984 episodes. Peak 1-h average ozone concentrations were reproduced on th...
0
12,373
National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards
null
1,991
Office of the Federal Register.
0
28,197
Two indoor air exposure modeling studies: CONTAM modeling results, and serial correlation effects
Stogner, RE; Irwin, JS; Petersen, WB; Aissa, M; Lansari, A
1,991
Two studies are reported on factors influencing indoor pollution levels. In the first, two mass balance computer models, CONTAM87 and CONTAM88, were used to estimate indoor pollution levels for a hypothetical four story building exposed to measured outdoor ozone (O3) concentrations for a 24-hour period. The building co...
0
57,444
Sensory neuropeptides and airway function
Solway, J; Leff, AR
1,991
Sensory nerves synthesize tachykinins and calcitonin-gene related peptide and package these neuropeptides together in synaptic vesicles. Stimulation of these C-fibers by a range of chemical and physical factors results in afferent neuronal conduction that elicits central parasympathetic reflexes and in antidromic condu...
0
684,254
Swimming navigation and structural variations of the infrapyramidal mossy fibers in the hippocampus of the mouse
Schopke, R; Wolfer, DP; Lipp, HP; Leisinger-Trigona, MC
1,991
The extent of the infrapyramidal mossy fiber projection in CA3 (IIP-MF) at the midseptotemporal level correlates negatively with two-way avoidance learning and positively with performance in the radial maze, both tasks known to be sensitive to hippocampal lesions. If hippocampal structural variations are causing behavi...
1
43,955
Direct-read passive dosimetry of nitrogen dioxide and ozone
Kirollos, KS; Attar, AJ
1,991
null
0
43,536
Carryover effects of acid rain and ozone on the physiology of multiple flushes of loblolly pine seedlings
Sasek, TW; Richardson, CJ; Fendick, EA; Bevington, SR; Kress, LW
1,991
null
0
37,661
Experimental studies on tumor promotion by nitrogen dioxide
Ichinose, T; Fujii, K; Sagai, M
1,991
The effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on promotion of lung tumorigenesis induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (BHPN) were investigated in male Wistar rats. In a preliminary study, the highest non-effective dose of BHPN was found to be 0.5 g per kg body weight. Rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection...
0
42,730
Inflammatory cell influx into ozone-exposed guinea pig lung interstitial and airways spaces
Schultheis, AH; Bassett, DJP
1,991
As a model of non-immunological lung inflammation, guinea pigs were exposed to 2.0 ppm ozone for 4 hours. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) rapidly accumulated in lung interstitium but declined from 147 +/- 34 million cells to control values (33 +/- 6 million cells) within the first 24 hours. Bronchoalveolar lavage (...
0
42,615
Acute respiratory effects of prolonged ambient ozone
Lebowitz, MD; Quackenboss, JJ; Krzyzanowski, M
1,991
The effect of ambient air pollutants, pollens, and mold spores on respiratory health was studied in an area with low concentrations of chemical pollutants and abundant aeroallergens. A panel of 40 asthmatic subjects living near East Moline, Illinois, reco
0
42,709
Effects of ambient inhaled ozone on vocal fold mucosa in Bonnet monkeys
Leonard, RJ; Charpied, GL; Faddis, B
1,991
Deleterious effects of ambient ozone (O3) on the nasal and lower airways is well documented. However, no investigations have considered possible effects on vocal fold mucosa. To this end, six macaque monkeys were exposed to 0.64 ppm O3 for 8 h/day for a total of 7 days. Three monkeys were killed 12 h postexposure, and ...
1
54,111
Simulation of ozone intrusion caused by a tropopause fold and cut-off low
Ebel, A; Hass, H; Jakobs, JH; Laube, M; Memmesheimer, M; Oberreuter, A
1,991
A tropopause fold and cut-off low developed over Europe at the end of April 1982 and enhance the exchange of air between the stratosphere and troposphere. The episode has been simulated using the EURAD model which has been designed for long-range transport simulation for European conditions. Applying a linear relations...
0
43,389
Ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide trends at rural sites located in the United States
Lefohn, AS; Shadwick, DS
1,991
We have investigated the existence of trends for ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide at rural sites in the U.S. For the ozone analysis, at 54 of the 77 sites (70%) for the 10-year analysis (1979-1988) and at 118 of 147 sites (80%), with at least 4 years of data for the 5-year analysis (1984-1988), there was no ...
0
42,425
1 Autonomic nerves and airway smooth muscle: effect of inflammatory mediators on airway nerves and muscle
Daniel, EE; O'Byrne, P
1,991
null
0
42,873
The emission of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate and other oxygenated hydrocarbons from agricultural plant species
Arey, J; Winer, AM; Atkinson, R; Aschmann, SM; Long, WD; Morrison, CL
1,991
The oxygenated hydrocarbon species identified as emissions from 29 agricultural and natural plant species found in California's Central Valley are reported. Prevalent as emissions from these agricultural crops were (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and (Z)-3-hexenylacetate, with the latter compound often the dominant hydrocarbon emiss...
0
44,031
An assessment of current and future human exposure to ozone in the South Coast Air Basin
Lurmann, F; Colome, S
1,991
null
0
42,409
Ozone, air pollution, and respiratory health
Beckett, WS
1,991
Of the outdoor air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act of 1970 (and recently revised in 1990), ozone has been the one pollutant most difficult to control within the federal standards. The known human health effects are all on the respiratory system. At concentrations of ozone which occur during summer air-polluti...
0
94,337
Decrease of summer tropospheric ozone concentrations in Antarctica
Schnell, RC; Liu, SC; Oltmans, SJ; Stone, RS; Hofmann, DJ; Dutton, EG; Deshler, T; Sturges, WT; Harder, JW; Sewell, SD; Trainer, M; Harris, JM
1,991
As an oxidant and a precursor for other highly reactive oxidants, ozone plays an important role in tropospheric photochemistry. In the upper troposphere, ozone absorbs infrared radiation and is thus an effective greenhouse gas 1. Here we show that surface ozone concentrations at the South Pole in the austral summer dec...
0
43,490
Ambient cloud deposition reduces cold tolerance of red spruce seedlings
DeHayes, DH; Thornton, FC; Waite, CE; Ingle, MA
1,991
null
0
42,399
Ozone: Too much in the wrong place
null
1,991
null
0
42,925
Chemical composition of emissions from urban sources of fine organic aerosol
Hildemann, LM; Markowski, GR; Cass, GR
1,991
A dilution source sampling system was used to collect primary fine aerosol emissions from important sources of urban organic aerosol, including a boiler burning No. 2 fuel oil, and home fireplace, a fleet of catalyst-equipped and noncatalyst automobiles, heavy-duty diesel trucks, natural gas home appliances, and meat c...
0
42,718
Effects of ozone on cellular ATP levels in rat and mouse alveolar macrophages
Oosting, RS; Van Rees-Verhoef, M; Verhoef, J; Van Golde, LMG; Van Bree, L
1,991
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is thought to be a major intermediate in the toxicity of ozone. In a previous study we demonstrated that ATP depletion may play an important role in the H2O2-induced inhibition of the phagocytic functions of alveolar macrophages. Ozone exposure can adversely affect the phagocytic capacities of ...
0
13,418
National air quality and emissions trends report, 1990
null
1,991
The report presents national and regional trends in air quality from 1981 through 1990 for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lead. Air quality trends are also presented for 15 metropolitan areas. Both national and regional trends in each of these pollutants are examined. N...
0
42,483
Rat lung antioxidant enzyme induction by ozone
Rahman, IU; Clerch, LB; Massaro, D
1,991
null
0
42,395
Effects of ozone combined with components of acid fogs on breathing pattern, metabolic rate, pulmonary surfactant composition, and lung injury in rats
Mautz, WJ; Finlayson-Pitts, BJ; Messer, K; Kleinman, MT; Norgren, MB; Quirion, J
1,991
The pulmonary responses to components of acid fogs, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMSA), in combination with ozone (04 were measured to determine if the acid components altered the course of inflammatory res onses to the oxidant. Rats were exposed 4 h to 0.4 pprn 0, 0.4 pprn O3 + 0.7 mglm P H...
0
43,430
Heterogeneous loss of gaseous H2O2 in an atmospheric air sampling system
Lee, JH; Chen, Y; Tang, IN
1,991
The extent of gaseous H2O2 losses in the sampling line of a fluorometric detector was investigated extensively. In some cases, as much as 90% of the gaseous H2O2 was lost by surface reactions taking place at the inlet region of the sampling line. Gaseous H2O2 measurement was found to be dependent not only on the samp...
0
92,028
Effects of riparian community structure, sediment size, and water-quality on the macroinvertebrate communities in a small, suburban stream
Hachmoller, B; Matthews, RA; Brakke, DF
1,991
We studied the relationships between benthic macroinvertebrates, water quality, sediment characteristics, and riparian community structure in Padden Creek, a second-order stream in Bellingham, Washington, to look for patterns in the macroinvertebrate community structure between upstream and downstream sites. Padden Cr...
0
14,862
Genetics of the resistance of plants to pollutants: commentary to chapter 5
Macnair, MR
1,991
Introduction. The study of the genetic architecture of resistance to pollutants can be useful in a number of fields. If the nature and magnitude of the genetic variance for resistance is known, it is possible to predict whether, and how fast, truly resistant races of a species can evolve. Only a genetic study can disti...
0
42,379
Effect of low concentrations of ozone on inhaled allergen responses in asthmatic subjects
Molfino, NA; Wright, SC; Katz, I; Tarlo, S; Silverman, F; Mcclean, PA; Szalai, JP; Raizenne, M; Slutsky, AS; Zamel, N
1,991
The relation between inhalation of ambient concentrations of ozone and airway reactivity to inhaled allergens may be important in asthma, since both agents can produce inflammatory changes in the airways. Seven asthmatic patients (mean age 40 [SD 13] years), with seasonal symptoms of asthma and positive skin tests for ...
1
42,402
Air pollution health effects and air quality objectives
Abramson, M
1,991
null
0
47,396
Probing planetary pollution from space
Fishman, J
1,991
null
0
42,384
Respiratory response of humans exposed to low levels of ozone for 6.6 hours
McDonnell, WF; Kehrl, HR; Abdul-Salaam, S; Ives, PJ; Folinsbee, LJ; Devlin, RB; O'Neil, JJ; Horstman, DH
1,991
Recent evidence suggests that prolonged exposures of exercising men to 0.08 m ozone (O3) result in significant decrements in lung function, induction of respiratory symptoms, and increases in nonspecific airway reactivity. The purpose of this study was to confirm or refute these findings by exposing 38 healthy young me...
1
43,497
Effects of ozone and ammonium sulphate on carbon partitioning to mycorrhizal roots of juvenile Douglas fir
Gorissen, A; Joosten, NN; Jansen, AE
1,991
In this study the impact of two components of air pollution, i.e., ozone and ammonium sulphate, on carbon transport to mycorrhizal roots of Douglas fir was investigated. Juvenile Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) were inoculated with Rhizopogon vinicolor A. H. Smith and Lactarius rufus (Scop.: Fr.) Fr....
0
43,382
Responses of closely related Bush Blue Lake snap bean cultivars to increasing concentrations of ozone
Eason, G; Reinert, RA
1,991
null
0
42,405
Ozone stress initiates acute perturbations of secreted surfactant membranes
Balis, JU; Paterson, JF; Lundh, JM; Haller, EM; Shelley, SA; Montgomery, MR
1,991
null
0
42,487
Structural and biochemical effects in lungs of Japanese quail following a 1-week exposure to ozone
Rombout, PJA; Dormans, JAMA; van Bree, L; Marra, M
1,991
null
0
43,790
Response of nitrogen metabolism in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) after exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide, alone and in sequence
Bender, J; Weigel, HJ; Jager, HJ
1,991
Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were exposed to low levels of ozone (O3) and/or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in open-top chambers during the growing seasons of 1988 and 1989. Treatments consisted of charcoal-filtered (CF) air, and CF air enriched with either O3 (50-60 nl l-1), NO2 (30-40 nl l-1) or both gases. A dai...
0
42,908
Ion-assisted tropospheric OH measurements
Eisele, FL; Tanner, DJ
1,991
null
0
734,040
Regulation of pulmonary surfactant secretion and clearance
Wright, JR; Dobbs, LG
1,991
null
0
42,912
Three-dimensional model synthesis of the global methane cycle
Fung, I; John, J; Lerner, J; Matthews, E; Prather, M; Steele, LP; Fraser, PJ
1,991
null
0
48,290
Photochemical ozone production in tropical squall line convection during NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment/Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment 2A
Pickering, KE; Thompson, AM; Scala, JR; Tao, WK; Simpson, J; Garstang, M
1,991
We have examined the role of convection in trace gas transport and ozone production in a tropical dry season squall line sampled on August 3, 1985, during NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment/Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment 2A (NASA GTE/ABLE 2A) in Amazonia, Brazil. Two types of analyses were performed. (1) Transient ...
0
42,618
Effects of ozone inhalation on lungs of juvenile monkeys: Morphometry after a 12 month exposure and following a 6 month post-exposure period
Tyler, WS; Tyler, NK; Magliano, DJ; Hinds, DM; Tarkington, B; Julian, MD; Hyde, DM; Plopper, CG; Dungworth, DL
1,991
null
0
79,901
Pathogenesis-related protein 4 is structurally homologous to the carboxy-terminal domains of hevein, Win-1 and Win-2
Friedrich, L; Moyer, M; Ward, E; Ryals, J
1,991
The extracellular, acidic pathogenesis-related protein, PR-4, was purified to homogeneity from leaves of Nicotiana tabacum infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and characterized by partial amino acid sequencing. Complementary DNA clones encoding PR-4 were isolated using an oligonucleotide probe based on the sequenc...
0
14,835
Plant ecological genetics and air pollution stress: a commentary on implications for natural populations: commentary to chapter 11(A)
Parsons, DJ; Pitelka, LF
1,991
Introduction. The concept of preserving examples of natural ecosystems has traditionally focused on protecting native biotic communities from the direct impacts of local human activities (Leopold et al. 1963; Graber 1983). Increasing levels of atmospheric pollutants and potential global scale changes in climate, radiat...
0
42,736
The role of ozone in tracheal cell transformation
Thomassen, DG; Harkema, JR; Sun, JD; Stephens, ND; Griffith, WC
1,992
This project examined the potential role of ozone as a respiratory carcinogen by characterizing its ability to induce or modulate the preneoplastic transformation of rat tracheal epithelial cells. The chemical reactivity of ozone and the types of damage it can cause suggest that it may have a role in environmental carc...
0
1,720,788
Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene .2. The ozone-isoprene reaction
Paulson, SE; Flagan, RC; Seinfeld, JH
1,992
A series of experiments have been performed to study the ozone-isoprene reaction in a smog chamber by adding externally produced O3 to the hydrocarbon in the dark. A chemical tracer, methyl cyclohexane, was added to probe the OH formation in the system. O(3P) formation was also examined using the known distribution o...
0
43,353
Has inadvertent selection by plant breeders affected the O3 sensitivity of modern Greek cultivars of spring wheat?
Velissariou, D; Barnes, JD; Davison, AW
1,992
null
0
38,787
Histological examination of spruce needles from a long-term gas exchange experiment in pure and polluted air in the field
Maier-Maercker, U; Koch, W
1,992
At the end of a 4-year period of gas exchange measurements in a natural stand in the Lower Bavarian Forest, needles of an adult spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] were harvested from two chambers, one with pure air and the other with ambient air. The needles were examined as to their histological properties in the stomat...
0
36,401
National air quality and emissions trends report, 1991
null
1,992
The report presents national and regional trends in air quality from 1982 through 1991 for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lead. Air quality trends are also presented for 15 metropolitan areas. Both national and regional trends in each of these pollutants are examined. N...
0
42,759
Acute effects of ozone on EEG activity, sleep-wakefulness and heart rate in rats
Arito, H; Uchiyama, I; Yokoyama, E
1,992
Effects of exposure to O3 on EEG activity, sleep-wakefulness and heart rate were examined using conscious rats which had been chronically implanted with electrodes for EEG, EMG and ECG recordings. Exposure to 0.5 ppm O3 for 6 hrs and 1.0 ppm O3 for 3 hrs suppressed amounts of wakefulness (W) and paradoxical sleep (PS) ...
1
43,610
Ozone effects on the growth of grafted mature and juvenile red spruce
Rebbeck, J; Jensen, KF; Greenwood, MS
1,992
null
0
43,557
The response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) to ozone at higher elevations: I measurement of ozone and carbon dioxide fluxes in open-top field chambers
Grandjean Grimm, A; Fuhrer, J
1,992
The flux of O3 was determined in open-top chambers (OTC) used to investigate its effect on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L, cv Albis) in 1989 and 1990 The experimental site was located at 900 m above sea level at Zimmerwald, near Bern (Switzerland) The aims were to evaluate the use of OTCs for O3 flux measurements un...
0
44,080
A novel algorithm for chromatogram matching in qualitative analysis
Mason, JP; Kirk, I; Windsor, CG; Tipler, A; Spragg, RA; Rendle, M
1,992
null
0
43,554
Comparison of structural changes in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg) during cold hardening in mature trees and in seedlings used in pollutant exposure studies
Fincher, J
1,992
null
0
42,605
Pulmonary responses of asthmatic and normal subjects to different temperature and humidity conditions in an environmental chamber
Eschenbacher, WL; Moore, TB; Lorenzen, TJ; Weg, JG; Gross, KB
1,992
Determining the possible adverse health effects of air pollutants can be complicated by differences in the environmental conditions of temperature and humidity. To evaluate the potentially confounding effects of differences in temperature and humidity, we exposed 8 normal male subjects and 8 male subjects with asthma t...
0
42,790
Time trends in repeated spirometry in children
Hoek, G; Brunekreef, B
1,992
In a study on acute health effects of air pollution in the Netherlands, pulmonary function has been measured repeatedly in children aged 7-11 yrs. In study periods of approximately 3 months, 6-10 tests have been made in a group of 1,621 children. The spirometric data have been examined for the presence of trends of pul...
0
42,793
Simulation of ozone uptake distribution in the human airways by orthogonal collocation on finite elements
Hu, SC; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS
1,992
Ozone transport in a rigid single-pathway anatomic model of the lung was analyzed by a stable convergent numerical algorithm, the method of orthogonal collocation on finite elements. The simulations predicted the dynamic behavior of gas phase concentration profiles for both ozone and an insoluble inert gas. An internal...
0
42,680
Histopathologic changes of the nasal mucosa in Southwest metropolitan Mexico City inhabitants
Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Osorno-Velaquez, A; Bravo-Alvarez, H; Delgado-Chavez, R; Barrios-Marquez, R
1,992
Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) is one of the most polluted urban areas in the world The authors characterized the morphologic nasal mucosal changes in short-term (less than 30 days) and long-term (more than 60 days) exposures to the polluted southwest MMC atmosphere with high levels of ozone and other contaminants vers...
0
43,494
Activity of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from potato cultivars with differential response to ozone stress
Enyedi, AJ; Eckardt, NA; Pell, EJ
1,992
The effect of ozone (O3) on the carboxylation activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) from the fifth youngest leaf of four cultivars of Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) was investigated. Ozone-tolerant cultivars `Superior' (SP) and `Norgold Russet' (NR), and O3-sensitive cultivars `Cherokee' ...
0
28,413
Long term emissions from two glued carpets with different backings measured in indoor air
Rothweiler, H; Wager, PA; Schlatter, C
1,992
#The organic emissions caused by identical carpets, which had different backings (polyurethane and latex) and had been glued to the floor with the same waterborne glue in an inhabitated older house were studied. Quantitatively the most important compounds were cyclohexane at levels of 3-7 mg u3 and 1,2-propyleneglycol ...
0
1,706,397
[Effect of inhaled environmental pollutants on the mucous membrane of the upper airways]
Terrahe, K; Potrafke, T
1,992
Diseases of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract have increased in the last few decades. In epidemiological studies, an increase in the rate of allergies has especially been noticed. The offensive particles from the environment meet human organism in the respiratory mucosa of the nose: the function of the mucosa d...
0
42,884
Evidence for photochemical control of ozone concentrations in unpolluted marine air
Ayers, GP; Penkett, SA; Gillett, RW; Bandy, B; Galbally, IE; Meyer, CP; Elsworth, CM; Bentley, ST; Forgan, BW
1,992
OZONE in the troposphere is an important greenhouse gas, and a key participant in the oxidation of other trace species, but the mechanisms for its formation and destruction are not fully understood. In polluted regions of the Northern Hemisphere, seasonal increases in ozone concentration have been observed1,2; such cha...
0
43,816
Ozone, acidic precipitation and soil Mg impacts on soil and loblolly pine seedling nutrient status after three growing seasons
Edwards, GS; Kelly, JM; Mays, PA
1,992
Recent studies have suggested that the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) has declined in the southeastern United States, possibly due to acidic deposition and air pollutants, especially under conditions of low nutrient availability. Consequently, the potential for individual and synergistic impacts of O3, acidic...
0
42,955
Atmospheric photochemical oxidation of 1-octene: OH, O3 and O(3P) reactions
Paulson, SE; Seinfeld, JH
1,992
The photooxidation chemistry of 1-octene is examined in detail. Formation of OH from the O3 reaction was examined with the use of methylcyclohexane as an OH radical tracer. The O3-1-octene reaction is found to produce, apparently directly, significant quantities of OH, 0.45 +/- 0.2 on a per molecule of reacted 1-octene...
0
43,645
Foliar sensitivity of eight eastern hardwood tree species to ozone
Davis, DD; Skelly, JM
1,992
As part of a larger 3-yr study, container-grown seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina) red maple (Acer rubrum) red oak (Quercus rubra), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), white ash (Fraxinus americana), white oak (Quercus alba), yellow-poplar (Lirodendron tulipifera), and yellow birch (Betula allegheniensis) were...
0
43,030
EPA's third generation modeling system (Models-3): an overview
Dennis, RL; Novak, JH
1,992
null
0
43,264
Forest hydrocarbon emissions: relationships between fluxes and ambient concentrations
Khalil, MAK; Rasmussen, RA
1,992
Louisiana Department of Environment Quality. FIRST PARAGRAPH. In recent years there has been growing interest in natural hydrocarbon emissions from trees and other foliage. It is known that, if transported to urban areas, natural hydrocarbon emissions can add to man-made ozone and haze. Whether the contribution of natu...
0
57,753
Solar and ultraviolet radiation
null
1,992
null
0
44,014
Technical support document for proposed amendments to the criteria for designating areas of California as nonattainment, attainment, or unclassified for state ambient air quality standards
null
1,992
null
0
25,257
Geographic patterns of prostate cancer mortality
Hanchette, CL; Schwartz, GG
1,992
Background. Prostate cancer is the most prevalent nonskin cancer among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. The cause of prostate cancer remains obscure. Recently it was hypothesized that low levels of vitamin D, a hormone with potent antitumor properties, may increase the ...
0
43,565
Growth response of four species of eastern hardwood tree seedlings exposed to ozone, acidic precipitation, and sulfur dioxide
Davis, DD; Skelly, JM
1,992
null
0
43,241
Stomatal conductance, whole-tree water use, and foliar carbohydrate status of red spruce saplings exposed to ozone, acid precipitation, and drought
Woodbury, PB; Amundson, RG; Kohut, RJ; Laurence, JA
1,992
null
0
43,269
Linking surface-level ozone exposures in the United States with potential vegetation effects
Lefohn, AS; Foley, JK; Spence, J; Shadwick, DS
1,992
In the United States, national ambient air quality standards are designed to protect the public health (primary) and welfare (secondary) from any known or anticipated adverse effects associated with the presence of criteria air pollutants. As reported in the literature, the current form of the 03 standard is not approp...
0
38,395
Air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants: call for information
null
1,992
null
0
2,251,951
Biological diversity and biological integrity: current concerns for lakes and streams
Hughes, RM; Noss, RR
1,992
In discussing various concepts of biological diversity and biological integrity, we trace development of the terms from a focus on species to a consideration of ecosystems. We urge the public to extend its concern with species extinction and tropical rain forests to include temperate aquatic assemblages. Examples of lo...
0
42,902
Tropospheric OH: local measurements and their interpretations
Comes, FJ; Armerding, W; Grigonis, R; Herbert, A; Spiekermann, M; Walter, J
1,992
Recently two campaigns have been conducted on the "Schauinsland" (Black Forest, Germany). The concentration of tropospheric OH and its diurnal variation was measured for a number of consecutive days. Together with it the concentrations of O3, H2O, NO(x), and the intensity of the UV were monitored to obtain the necessar...
0
44,161
Ozone production potential following convective redistribution of biomass burning emissions
Pickering, KE; Thompson, AM; Scala, JR; Tao, WK; Simpson, J
1,992
The effects of deep convection on the potential for forming ozone ("ozone production potential") in the free troposphere have been simulated for regions where the trace gas composition is influenced by biomass burning. Cloud dynamical and photochemical simulations based on observations in 1980 and 1985 Brazilian campai...
0
43,254
The response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) to ozone at higher elevations: II changes in yield, yield components and grain quality in response to ozone flux
Fuhrer, J; Grimm, AG; Tschannen, W; Shariat-Madari, H
1,992
The effect of ozone on the yield, yield components and grain composition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Albis) was investigated in 1989 and 1990 at 900 m above sea level. Plants were grown from the three-leaf stage until harvest in open-top chambers ventilated with charcoal-filtered air (CF), unfiltered air...
0
34,579
A generalized, lumped-parameter model of photosynthesis, evapotranspiration and net primary production in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems
Aber, JD; Federer, CA
1,992
PnET is a simple, lumped-parameter, monthly- time-step model of carbon and water balances of forests built on two principal relationships: 1) maximum photosynthetic rate is a function of foliar nitrogen concentration, and 2) stomatal conductance is a function of realized photosynthetic rate. Monthly leaf area display a...
0
42,904
Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling: evaluation number 10
DeMore, WB; Sander, SP; Golden, DM; Hampson, RF; Kurylo, MJ; Howard, CJ; Ravishankara, AR; Kolb, CE; Molina, MJ
1,992
null
0
48,218
Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: a parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models
Moorthi, S; Suarez, MJ
1,992
ABSTRACT A simple implementation of the Arakawa and Schubert (1974) cumulus parameterization is presented. The major simplification made is to "relax" the state toward equilibrium each time the parameterization is invoked, rather than requiring that the final state be balanced, as in the original Arakawa-Schubert im...
0
52,840
The antiozonant ethylenediurea does not act via superoxide dismutase induction in bean
Pitcher, LH; Brennan, E; Zilinskas, BA
1,992
ABSTRACT It has been proposed that the mode of action of ethylenediurea, a very effective antiozonant, is via an increase in the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (EH Lee, JH Bennett [1982] Plant Physiol 69: 1444-1449). Data presented here refute that hypothesis. No ethylenediurea-associated increases in Cu/Zn-...
0
43,406
Photochemical pollution at two southern California smog receptor sites
Grosjean, D; Williams EL, II
1,992
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A one-year survey of air quality has been carried out at two southern California (USA) inland locations, Perri sand Palm Springs (90 km E-SE and 120 km E of Los Angeles) to evaluate transport of photochemical smog from the Los Angeles area and to assess population exposure to toxic air pol...
0
43,838
Modifications in the alkane composition of cuticular waxes from spruce needles (Picea abies) and ivy leaves (Hedera helix) exposed to ozone fumigation and acid fog: comparison with needles from declining spruce trees
Kerfourn, C; Garrec, JP
1,992
null
0
42,998
Ozone standards and their relevance for protecting vegetation
Lefohn, AS
1,992
null
0
43,819
The effects of ambient air on a semi-natural grassland community
Evans, PA; Ashmore, MR
1,992
The effect of filtering ambient air pollution on biomass production and population dynamics of a semi-natural grassland in rural southern Britain was studied over two successive seasons using open-top chambers. No effects were observed in 1988 when ozone concentrations were relatively low, but in 1989 when ozone level...
0
43,012
A gas exchange system to study the effects of leaf surface wetness on the deposition of ozone
Fuentes, JD; Gillespie, TJ
1,992
A leaf chamber system has been developed for measuring the uptake of ozone (O3) by whole plant leaves artificially wetted with dew or raindrops. Tests showed negligible amounts of O3 being lost on internal walls of the chamber, and good heat and mass transfer characteristics without the use of internal mixing fans. The...
0
43,134
Three-year growth responses of Pinus taeda L to simulated rain chemistry, soil magnesium status, and ozone
Edwards, NT; Edwards, GL; Kelly, JM; Taylor, GE, Jr
1,992
Height, diameter, and biomass were measured for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) seedlings grown in soil containing 15 or 35-mu-g Mg g-1 and exposed from May to October in 1987, 1988, and 1989 to three O3 concentrations (sub-ambient, ambient, or twice-ambient) and to rain pH levels of 3.8 or 5.2. Reduction in biomass accu...
0
38,777
Biochemical composition of loblolly pine reflects pollutant exposure
Friend, AL; Tomlinson, PT; Dickson, RE; O'Neill, EG; Edwards, NT; Taylor, GE, Jr
1,992
Under experimental conditions, the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is often responsive to ozone at near-ambient concentrations. However, little is known of the biochemical changes associated with this or other pollutants. Loblolly pine seedlings in open-top chambers were exposed to combinations of ozone (sub-a...
0
42,743
Time course of permeability changes and PMN flux in rat trachea following O3 exposure
Young, C; Bhalla, DK
1,992
null
0
93,785
Implications of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth's surface
Madronich, S
1,992
Recent satellite measurements of total atmospheric ozone were analyzed to deduce the changes in biologically active ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earths surface from 1979 to 1989. The calculated increases are on average substantially larger than earlier estimates, particularly at mid and high latitudes of bot...
0
74,165
Differences between adults and children affecting exposure assessment
Plunkett, LM; Turnbull, D; Rodricks, JV
1,992
null
0
42,387
Epithelial injury and interstitial fibrosis in the proximal alveolar regions of rats chronically exposed to a simulated pattern of urban ambient ozone
Chang, LY; Huang, Y; Stockstill, BL; Graham, JA; Grose, EC; Menache, MG; Miller, FJ; Costa, DL; Crapo, JD
1,992
Electron microscopic morphometry was used to study the development of lung injury during and after chronic (78 weeks) exposure to a pattern of ozone (O3) designed to simulate high urban ambient concentrations that occur in some environments. The daily exposure regimen consisted of a 13-hr background of 0.06 ppm, an exp...
1