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911
dd8532960fc2aea02e8c276e55b5105463b379d2
Bird
Ninety-five percent of bird species are socially monogamous. These species pair for at least the length of the breeding season or—in some cases—for several years or until the death of one mate. Monogamy allows for both paternal care and biparental care, which is especially important for species in which females require...
How does infidelity manifest?
{ "text": [ "Males of species that engage in extra-pair copulations will closely guard their mates to ensure the parentage of the offspring that they raise" ], "answer_start": [ 1002 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Ninety-five percent of bird species are socially monogamous. These species pair for at least the length of the breeding season or—in some cases—for several years or until the death of one mate. Monogamy allows for both paternal care and biparental care, which is especially important for sp...
Males of species that engage in extra-pair copulations will closely guard their mates to ensure the parentage of the offspring that they raise
d98ed9526d473a9cb2d7e540cf4645a91dec6efe
Bird
The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around t...
When did the first true birds appear?
{ "text": [ "around 100 million years ago" ], "answer_start": [ 221 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds div...
around 100 million years ago
e40d67a93267b3ad8e8e2443d8ae2011089c6051
Bird
The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around t...
When did the Aves class begin?
{ "text": [ "the Cretaceous" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds div...
the Cretaceous
c15989fac40994f8a0f3b8778bf47342ec46fb90
Bird
The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around t...
What group gave rise to birds?
{ "text": [ "theropod group" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds div...
theropod group
7ccb8b26ede26b43854a4733ad6f308d911caf1b
Bird
The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around t...
Archaeopteryx is part of what group?
{ "text": [ "Avialae" ], "answer_start": [ 665 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds div...
Avialae
b1f4c4d7374bddffbe6dba07551d3d58022e49cb
Bird
The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around t...
Aves are what?
{ "text": [ "birds" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds div...
birds
dae8173403c37258105b283ac37519af9b2fe913
Bird
Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight skeleton, two large flight muscl...
Which of the following is not a use of flight: feeding, breeding, or a lightweight skeleton?
{ "text": [ "lightweight skeleton" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight sk...
lightweight skeleton
ee70c16e8847f3c2244ff0f95ce8ed30a69dec52
Bird
Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight skeleton, two large flight muscl...
What type of flight takes the most energy?
{ "text": [ "powered, flapping flight" ], "answer_start": [ 577 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight sk...
powered, flapping flight
9a71dd0d6df7539bec4a0b4e7607b77132ca5ed6
Bird
Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight skeleton, two large flight muscl...
Which of the following is a flight muscle: the pectoralis, the skeleton, or the forelimb?
{ "text": [ "pectoralis" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight sk...
pectoralis
474fa3d5b1d25cf483e12640b20a8b942f0d9d8d
Bird
Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ...
If a blue tit has an ultraviolet patch on it's head, then what is it?
{ "text": [ "Male" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which...
Male
49a8a0c761ecfddf02bd6452d73024b83c2cf1a1
Bird
Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ...
What kind of birds resemble humans more?
{ "text": [ "birds with eyes on the front of their heads" ], "answer_start": [ 1018 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which...
birds with eyes on the front of their heads
6539976fe7c8f83675c9706be0a448dfa2ca6d5c
Bird
Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ...
What hides the hole that a bird senses sounds out of?
{ "text": [ "feathers" ], "answer_start": [ 1190 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which...
feathers
3378f3aa19838a8a0cff9c1363d28407bc34ec84
Bird
Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ...
What is a kestrel?
{ "text": [ "bird" ], "answer_start": [ 779 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which...
bird
e8657c8476720cb08a60eb2522715f1aed5d7377
Bird
Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ...
What is invisible to the human eye?
{ "text": [ "ultraviolet" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which...
ultraviolet
8b21ff2b7f5af29135bea35569c549216ae6189b
Bird
Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ...
What moves horizontally?
{ "text": [ "a third eyelid" ], "answer_start": [ 640 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which...
a third eyelid
8e148fdb5a761e9d6b3a705e27459265676bbe3d
Bird
Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ...
What is unique about owls?
{ "text": [ "have binocular vision and can estimate the depth of field" ], "answer_start": [ 1077 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which...
have binocular vision and can estimate the depth of field
4daa5af72debf7997612c145814f888b5b30a190
Bird
Like the reptiles, birds are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia through the ureters into the intestine. Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) u...
What is not prominent?
{ "text": [ "penis" ], "answer_start": [ 1044 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Like the reptiles, birds are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia through the ureters into the intestine. Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (wi...
penis
41fd3a12a8022bcd58b8dcd3135541ccb1ca65bb
Bird
Like the reptiles, birds are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia through the ureters into the intestine. Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) u...
What is named after a fruit?
{ "text": [ "kiwis" ], "answer_start": [ 900 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Like the reptiles, birds are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia through the ureters into the intestine. Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (wi...
kiwis
8c05949bd63b137df2193928946beff8c00acfcf
Bird
Like the reptiles, birds are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia through the ureters into the intestine. Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) u...
Who is unique in secretions?
{ "text": [ "hummingbirds" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Like the reptiles, birds are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia through the ureters into the intestine. Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (wi...
hummingbirds
3a9334e72e1487ca5cb654ca412f628e69044e0f
Bird
Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs through brood patches, areas of ...
Which is not a species of bird: passerine, kiwi, or chick?
{ "text": [ "chick" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs th...
chick
6aff8b8388d916ff0e8e4921b0e66e05b3fca157
Bird
Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs through brood patches, areas of ...
Which is not a part of birds' bodies: breast, brood, or abdomen?
{ "text": [ "brood" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs th...
brood
e0c0beed2c879ba6f6e2b8bf20bb26d261b6de31
Bird
Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs through brood patches, areas of ...
Which is not a source of warmth for incubation: the sun, volcanic sources, or megapodes?
{ "text": [ "megapodes" ], "answer_start": [ 584 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs th...
megapodes
ec1bdd1540b89381075c0f531fd3be09b7108d4a
Bird
The ability of birds to return to precise locations across vast distances has been known for some time; in an experiment conducted in the 1950s a Manx shearwater released in Boston returned to its colony in Skomer, Wales, within 13 days, a distance of 5,150 km (3,200 mi). Birds navigate during migration using a variety...
Birds live on the?
{ "text": [ "Earth" ], "answer_start": [ 720 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The ability of birds to return to precise locations across vast distances has been known for some time; in an experiment conducted in the 1950s a Manx shearwater released in Boston returned to its colony in Skomer, Wales, within 13 days, a distance of 5,150 km (3,200 mi). Birds navigate du...
Earth
a287703bbef844c4b20ed92dbe9873a716b6bb62
Bird
Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists. Birds' feeding strategies vary by species. Many birds glean for insects, i...
A nectar feeding bird would be called what?
{ "text": [ "specialists" ], "answer_start": [ 233 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists. Birds' feeding strategies vary by species. M...
specialists
063d1d1c3aeeefb6fb06465b4963571cb11a5bd3
Bird
Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists. Birds' feeding strategies vary by species. Many birds glean for insects, i...
Which swimming birds eat fish?
{ "text": [ "Loons, diving ducks, penguins and auks" ], "answer_start": [ 907 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists. Birds' feeding strategies vary by species. M...
Loons, diving ducks, penguins and auks
cde3ab049d4db77307a57c3bff2733239de9a941
Immaculate_Conception
Mary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:22) prompted him to consider th...
Which of the following is not an Orthodox author from the 2nd millennium: Nicholas Cabasilas, Joseph Bryennius, or Sophronios?
{ "text": [ "Sophronios" ], "answer_start": [ 1270 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Mary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:2...
Sophronios
1c9b6a211b4cdafd50f2931e43b7c12c6c186a5d
Immaculate_Conception
Mary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:22) prompted him to consider th...
Which of the following people has a book of the Bible named after them: Mary, Luke or Jesus?
{ "text": [ "Luke" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Mary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:2...
Luke
16b44354e5f67894610bf9a213d0777307c0bd9f
Immaculate_Conception
Mary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:22) prompted him to consider th...
Which of the following people was not purified: Mary, Jesus or Luke?
{ "text": [ "Luke" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Mary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:2...
Luke
8ae558084210c307168efe1625595e9bd964a4e2
Immaculate_Conception
Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught...
What occurred in the 39th year of the 15th century?
{ "text": [ "the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w...
the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith
d995ddba8d5e3f42789eb7fd13827f3f899b45eb
Immaculate_Conception
Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught...
Who, between Mary and Aquinas, was NOT Doctor Angelicus in 1567?
{ "text": [ "Mary" ], "answer_start": [ 204 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w...
Mary
1d2defc380237945975e1003c6ef8b74328624e9
Immaculate_Conception
Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught...
What occurred in the 4th year of the 1320s?
{ "text": [ "Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w...
Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised
010e415326bd49d5d3697f056b9579205ef20dfe
Immaculate_Conception
Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught...
Who stood behind the celebration of Mary's immaculate conception?
{ "text": [ "Council of Basel" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w...
Council of Basel
3d7b815e0dcf8675ebfc6c8133a81f8ac0a82e59
Immaculate_Conception
Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught...
What Church declared Aquinas a doctor?
{ "text": [ "Catholic" ], "answer_start": [ 231 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w...
Catholic
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Immaculate_Conception
Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught...
Who didn't agree?
{ "text": [ "Thomas Aquinas" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief w...
Thomas Aquinas
23a0075cd9837b0dc5cf504e40ed7a83a61d9836
Immaculate_Conception
The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of d...
What was written in the document?
{ "text": [ "the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M...
the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman
f6ffd9348b08f717ceaeb069311643d9a5506ca8
Immaculate_Conception
The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of d...
How does this change dogma?
{ "text": [ "Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M...
Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him
3d41b171875459c23ea11433021eb58109da92cc
Immaculate_Conception
The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of d...
How is this different from what it written?
{ "text": [ "It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's \"wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence\" \"in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the ear...
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M...
It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence" "in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose...
4b006994366bae2bf1edf6e8b8c778dc1ef1d70f
Immaculate_Conception
The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of d...
How does this matter in religion?
{ "text": [ "patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M...
patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman
9b04a203b6b5c5cddb523ca8e00a240b62aa2dc6
Immaculate_Conception
The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of d...
How does this relate to biblical creatures?
{ "text": [ "Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of M...
Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him
6bbc68c93791b1ad1388dd1ff341be1be83b99bd
Immaculate_Conception
The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of ...
Who is the second composer listed that composed the Gregorian chant music
{ "text": [ "Pablo Casals" ], "answer_start": [ 709 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mar...
Pablo Casals
acc3c53dc95abf841ca38a821ad891babca6d199
Immaculate_Conception
The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of ...
Who is the third composer listed that composed the Gregorian chant music
{ "text": [ "Maurice Duruflé" ], "answer_start": [ 723 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mar...
Maurice Duruflé
f5913b0d4fc476be9e9664ad4ca801698cf31250
Immaculate_Conception
The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of ...
Who is the fourth composer listed that composed the Gregorian chant music
{ "text": [ "Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki" ], "answer_start": [ 740 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mar...
Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki
66aeb4235661329a000a6f7789d8cbab6545088c
Immaculate_Conception
It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. ...
What word was not used to describe Mary: unstained, grace, or innocent?
{ "text": [ "grace" ], "answer_start": [ 1229 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in...
grace
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Immaculate_Conception
It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. ...
What description was not used to describe Mary: accursed or holy?
{ "text": [ "holy" ], "answer_start": [ 632 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in...
holy
7b1d45e2481b49de3b42c6932a8c677f506b8633
Immaculate_Conception
It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. ...
What do men have that Mary may not?
{ "text": [ "sufficient grace to overcome sin \"of every sort\"" ], "answer_start": [ 1218 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in...
sufficient grace to overcome sin "of every sort"
3b15e28ddd48c7c4bf81a41362863d2a1fb7fe42
Immaculate_Conception
It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. ...
Who was brought up in the conversation of Mary's holiness?
{ "text": [ "Eve" ], "answer_start": [ 677 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in...
Eve
6728079cfbbbdbd0e0728c7adb49a070550ab5f2
Immaculate_Conception
Some Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones", George Sale stated: "It is not improbable that the pr...
the devil is also called the evil
{ "text": [ "spirit" ], "answer_start": [ 603 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Some Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones", George Sale stated: "It...
spirit
a5f6b3591c898516937838556f38f3ece286d236
Immaculate_Conception
Some Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones", George Sale stated: "It is not improbable that the pr...
who cries out
{ "text": [ "every person" ], "answer_start": [ 441 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Some Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones", George Sale stated: "It...
every person
74de4ec037c227f86a87bc08b2351593b723555f
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instru...
What does the C in COATS stand for?
{ "text": [ "Cadet" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS ar...
Cadet
d907edcda3652bbdf28f52b163fb5c79c915de59
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instru...
What does the O in COATS stand for?
{ "text": [ "Organizations" ], "answer_start": [ 10 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS ar...
Organizations
8a15c690d0bcf2a7a55db0f3b889e838187f32a5
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instru...
What does the A in COATS stand for?
{ "text": [ "Administration" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS ar...
Administration
6a342115c27fce6e4e0764ba00709839a61d1e70
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instru...
What does the T in COATS stand for?
{ "text": [ "Training" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS ar...
Training
1c14f9c6d0232127ff924d151c05876b7049aab5
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instru...
What does the S in COATS stand for?
{ "text": [ "Service" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS ar...
Service
386054f16ec99f2e4a3abbdf85d0cc2b9911cd24
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit S...
What did a ranking member likely matriculate from including the official military college?
{ "text": [ "Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian F...
Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada
29afd499e374d176b60b0361ef83b0f6871d67d7
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit S...
Besides formal institutions, where else do soldiers acquire knowledge?
{ "text": [ "Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world" ], "answer_start": [ 556 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian F...
Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world
ad9f5b314688647406f5b16fe961a047828663eb
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit S...
What is common ground for committed soldiers regardless of their rank?
{ "text": [ "Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian F...
Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
2cbb69748e91d316f30aac066bff4b3ebef05192
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit S...
If you need to know how to do a certain skill where will you likely learn how?
{ "text": [ "at a variety of institutions throughout Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 605 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian F...
at a variety of institutions throughout Canada
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Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit S...
Besides specific element and trade training, what other type of training do soldiers receive after leaving the Royal Military College or a civilian university?
{ "text": [ "basic" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian F...
basic
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Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit S...
After graduation, officers can directly enter this school to obtain preliminary army instruction.
{ "text": [ "Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian F...
Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School
4ef965d9f95e2765a077bdd84e39508c8fa0cdae
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit S...
To a greater extent specific element and trade training can be obtained where?
{ "text": [ "Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 645 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian F...
Canada
00c6ba5dc7293650f13b510519d33e7d2c5bdf6c
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit S...
Officers will generally receive what upon graduation from a civilian university?
{ "text": [ "degree" ], "answer_start": [ 434 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian F...
degree
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Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
what is been discussed?
{ "text": [ "The Canadian Army" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headq...
The Canadian Army
37141479632a4477b77fb9ac2fea87f2507c3981
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
the 2nd DIvision is part of?
{ "text": [ "four divisions" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headq...
four divisions
1643f8e02c312c98bad80b910d9a93db495244af
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
where is the Central command?
{ "text": [ "5th Canadian Division" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headq...
5th Canadian Division
6ac43d16d5d1fe675b8764772bf8907267e6a3ad
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
what department is responsible for administration?
{ "text": [ "Army Headquarters" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headq...
Army Headquarters
e18be21cb812bca5d463e98cf0c24006f0e027a1
Canadian_Armed_Forces
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment...
How was the CAF struggling?
{ "text": [ "Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers" ], "answer_start": [ 399 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds wer...
Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers
28adca730d3a84f517dc9e04f98c5dc03d77594f
Canadian_Armed_Forces
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment...
How were the funds distributed afterwards?
{ "text": [ "purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds wer...
purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment
af4ccd30302708ab367bc4dc786334e3903f5a47
Canadian_Armed_Forces
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment...
Why was the CF recruiting strongly?
{ "text": [ "facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually" ], "answer_start": [ 956 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds wer...
facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually
a19463fd0b3f62a86fea15efcdf239f97c54a96b
Canadian_Armed_Forces
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment...
Even though seen as peacekeepers by Canadians, what did they approve of?
{ "text": [ "the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters" ], "answer_start": [ 626 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds wer...
the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters
e7a6298b99bb47cb1e2259f5359c02496e744e0d
Canadian_Armed_Forces
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment...
What was the rate of loss of existing members twelve years ago?
{ "text": [ "9.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 1065 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds wer...
9.2%
0b77cca96f13c2592b5c5a110143b4c1229aca4b
Canadian_Armed_Forces
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment...
Which country did NOT get invaded?
{ "text": [ "Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds wer...
Canada
96e891b416f9972cd51984ad21eac1fa814baae7
Canadian_Armed_Forces
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment...
Which of the following of is not part of Canada's defense strategy: the Canadian Armed Forces, Afghanistan or the Canadian Special Operations Regiment?
{ "text": [ "Afghanistan" ], "answer_start": [ 673 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds wer...
Afghanistan
a915a961017381cb7b0a06200bf87fbeeaad881b
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca...
What is the country north of the United States?
{ "text": [ "Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces...
Canada
e5f9dc2c3e62700d2fc7290b5a2820013dbb1ff4
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca...
What entity used by the country just north of the United States that deals with management of the armed forces?
{ "text": [ "Canada First Defence Strategy" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces...
Canada First Defence Strategy
fdfae4edea22faa34410e31f01f432b99c86f158
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca...
What is the most expansive area that the Canada First Defense Strategy cover?
{ "text": [ "globally" ], "answer_start": [ 241 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces...
globally
925c854f722444a2a05a10be9f749c3ad75c7a80
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca...
What is the term used to define how a country equips itself to resist attack?
{ "text": [ "defence" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces...
defence
0d9d42e715e223f86a30d81c2785db0c74596150
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca...
What is another general term for the armed forces of a country?
{ "text": [ "military" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces...
military
38f107967476b7000de59b430d16596256513696
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under c...
Something that is in use for a limited period of time, and is not permenant is given what description?
{ "text": [ "temporarily" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, o...
temporarily
b4a6e09006b30943226122c859dfb0a9377272cf
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under c...
What adjective refers to being equipped with weapons?
{ "text": [ "Armed" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, o...
Armed
37b04ad89c4aaba937a95d692dec2b6586911407
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under c...
What is the name for a point of contact where two bones come together in the body?
{ "text": [ "Joint" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, o...
Joint
d05cef3e973ed2825f621a396ae07bdd03a3757c
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under c...
In the US, Coors and Budweiser are what kind of beer?
{ "text": [ "domestic" ], "answer_start": [ 250 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, o...
domestic
5f70265c4411501f825c40da293cc52a3b58c3c7
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under c...
Groups of troops sent away on a seperate mission are generally called?
{ "text": [ "detachments" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, o...
detachments
48346dc92aa8a756a30503e65196eb2d2756a6cd
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 suppl...
Is the military force described considered quite large.
{ "text": [ "presently ranked 74th in size" ], "answer_start": [ 82 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, ...
presently ranked 74th in size
5d8ec1a449bcf9d6e76725b6dc97cd2ab926db22
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 suppl...
What military force is composed mostly of First Nations troops?
{ "text": [ "Rangers" ], "answer_start": [ 295 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, ...
Rangers
a69bf870976762e2d77a457fff17dd9895d4d8d3
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each con...
This army's culture is?
{ "text": [ "Canadian" ], "answer_start": [ 99 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcar...
Canadian
dd7a3d3bbb0298a9f8b25444c90e962498199d5f
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each con...
This army can deploy in the?
{ "text": [ "field" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcar...
field
a33dcd1ee8c938317b143fde3847d67a4284b2de
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each con...
What is a form of interaction?
{ "text": [ "signals" ], "answer_start": [ 511 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcar...
signals
f10c7a13ec0a78cd83b99eca5f66126c2adbbde9
Pharmaceutical_industry
Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r...
What's the disease mentioned that a vaccine was created for
{ "text": [ "rabies" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul ...
rabies
0e239a7ac568a08c189c2bf35131d96b751919f8
Pharmaceutical_industry
Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r...
When was the second vaccine mentioned created
{ "text": [ "1914" ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul ...
1914
f8a891babdf4e1565f1c4cc2b5f452d625c6ee40
Pharmaceutical_industry
Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r...
What was the first vaccine
{ "text": [ "rabies" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul ...
rabies
95d49dcf4e8cb3c5dc97b8f25473c8201e1a839d
Pharmaceutical_industry
Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r...
What was the second vaccine produced
{ "text": [ "diphtheria" ], "answer_start": [ 345 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul ...
diphtheria
762f3e8f1aa46affd6436f51dcd8bec725b059ff
Pharmaceutical_industry
In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National...
Who does not conduct the evaluation of drug use in the UK?
{ "text": [ "Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in th...
Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
304c6ee9078d706b1c9ba3b83d5add04d6822e92
Pharmaceutical_industry
In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National...
An adjective that describes anything relating or covering a nation is called?
{ "text": [ "National" ], "answer_start": [ 312 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in th...
National
f1e6d3daaf192fd0a6162b26e0161547d33469cb
Pharmaceutical_industry
In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National...
Which country voted to leave the European Union in 2016?
{ "text": [ "UK" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in th...
UK
57f860b760ce3f29f8711bf705bdd0de3b95a36d
Pharmaceutical_industry
In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National...
The central part of an item or concept is called?
{ "text": [ "core" ], "answer_start": [ 539 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in th...
core
d65255a5cb8985eb96a6e226c5c845705f91a1db
Pharmaceutical_industry
In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National...
What is the full name of the agency or institute with the longest acronym mentioned in the text?
{ "text": [ "Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in th...
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
26afba14d52127453a8e73ec92b9deb7d85a4c41
Pharmaceutical_industry
There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because medical research and developme...
What is the most common method for any type of manufacturer to gain market exclusivity?
{ "text": [ "patents" ], "answer_start": [ 572 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because ...
patents
9d7b999766252b581f6f582174251563e323235c
Pharmaceutical_industry
There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because medical research and developme...
What type of company can gain market exclusivity through the Orphan Drug Act?
{ "text": [ "drug" ], "answer_start": [ 486 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because ...
drug
82c22ccd1bfd10bee93c3da15e3586e7784915f7
Pharmaceutical_industry
There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because medical research and developme...
Which of the following is a benefit granted by the Orphan Drug Act: patents, fee waivers, or medical research?
{ "text": [ "fee waivers" ], "answer_start": [ 442 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because ...
fee waivers
f92f554a8d1236084086a5687c6169b371d6820d
Pharmaceutical_industry
In the United States, new pharmaceutical products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being both safe and effective. This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials. Following IND approva...
How does the FDA ensure the public's safety?
{ "text": [ "This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "RoBERTa-Large" }
answer_the_following_q
{% if metadata.split != "test" %} Given the following passage "{{context}}", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: {{question}} ||| {{answers.text | choice}} {% endif %}
Given the following passage "In the United States, new pharmaceutical products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being both safe and effective. This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human...
This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials