text stringlengths 2 350 | source stringlengths 9 49 |
|---|---|
* [Ù¾ÙجابÛ](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C "Ù
Ø´ÛÙÛ Ø¢Ù
ÙØ²Û â Western Punjabi")
* [Ù¾ÚتÙ](https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87_%DA%A9%DA%93%D9%87 "Ù
اشÙ٠زد٠کÚÙ â Pashto") | ml.md_0_64 |
* [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uczenie_maszynowe "Uczenie maszynowe â Polish")
* [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprendizado_de_m%C3%A1quina "Aprendizado de máquina â Portuguese")
* [Qaraqalpaqsha](https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashinal%C4%B1q_oq%C4%B1t%C4%B1w "Mashinalıq oqıtıw â Ka... | ml.md_0_65 |
* [RomânÄ](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Env%C4%83%C8%9Bare_automat%C4%83 "ÃnvÄÈare automatÄ â Romanian")
* [Runa Simi](https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallwa_yachaqay "Qallwa yachaqay â Quechua") | ml.md_0_66 |
* [Ð ÑÑÑкий](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5 "ÐаÑинное обÑÑение â Russian") | ml.md_0_67 |
* [á±¥á±á±±á±á±á±²á±¤](https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D "ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ á±á±á±¨á±±á±¤á± â Santali")
* [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABsimi_makinerik "Mësimi makinerik â Albanian") | ml.md_0_68 |
* [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning "Machine learning â Simple English")
* [SlovenÅ¡Äina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strojno_u%C4%8Denje "Strojno uÄenje â Slovenian") | ml.md_0_69 |
* [Ú©ÙردÛ](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95 "ÙÛربÙÙÙÛ Ù
ÛÚ©ÛÙÛ â Central Kurdish") | ml.md_0_70 |
* [СÑпÑки / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5 "ÐаÑинÑко ÑÑеÑе â Serbian")
* [Srpskohrvatski / ÑÑпÑкоÑ
ÑваÑÑки](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1insko_u%C4%8Denje "MaÅ¡insko uÄenje â Serbo-Croa... | ml.md_0_71 |
* [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koneoppiminen "Koneoppiminen â Finnish")
* [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskininl%C3%A4rning "Maskininlärning â Swedish")
* [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagkatuto_ng_makina "Pagkatuto ng makina â Tagalog") | ml.md_0_72 |
* [தமிழà¯](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D "à®à®¯à®¨à¯à®¤à®¿à®° à®à®±à¯à®±à®²à¯ â Tamil") | ml.md_0_73 |
* [à°¤à±à°²à±à°à±](https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E "మర à°ªà±à°°à°à±à° â Telugu") | ml.md_0_74 |
* [à¹à¸à¸¢](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87 "à¸à¸²à¸£à¹à¸£à¸µà¸¢à¸à¸£à¸¹à¹à¸à¸à¸à¹à¸à¸£à¸·à¹à¸à¸ â Thai") | ml.md_0_75 |
* [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makine_%C3%B6%C4%9Frenimi "Makine öÄrenimi â Turkish")
* [УкÑаÑнÑÑка](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F "ÐаÑинне навÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ â Ukrainian") | ml.md_0_76 |
* [اردÙ](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C "Ù
Ø´Û٠آÙ
ÙØ²Û â Urdu")
* [ئÛÙغÛرÚÛ / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82_%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B4 "Ù
اشÙÙÙÙ٠ئÛÚ¯ÙÙÙØ´... | ml.md_0_77 |
* [Tiếng Viá»t](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Dc_m%C3%A1y "Há»c máy â Vietnamese")
* [Võro](https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massinoppus "Massinoppus â Võro")
* [å´è¯](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0 "æºå¨å¦ä¹ â Wu") | ml.md_0_78 |
* [ç²µèª](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92 "æ©æ¢°å¸ç¿ â Cantonese")
* [ä¸æ](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0 "æºå¨å¦ä¹ â Chinese") | ml.md_0_79 |
[Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2539#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links")
* [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning "View the content page \[c\]")
* [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Machine_learning "Discuss improvements to the content page \[t\]") | ml.md_0_80 |
English
* [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning)
* [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Machine_learning&action=edit "Edit this page \[e\]")
* [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Machine_learning&action=history "Past revisions of this page \[h\]") | ml.md_0_81 |
Tools
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* [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Machine_learning&action=history) | ml.md_0_82 |
General
* [What links here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Machine_learning "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page \[j\]")
* [Related changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Machine_learning "Recent changes in pages linked from this page \... | ml.md_0_83 |
* [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard "Upload files \[u\]")
* [Permanent link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Machine_learning&oldid=1290064243 "Permanent link to this revision of this page") | ml.md_0_84 |
* [Page information](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Machine_learning&action=info "More information about this page")
* [Cite this page](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Machine_learning&id=1290064243&wpFormIdentifier=titleform "Information on how to cite this page") | ml.md_0_85 |
* [Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMachine_learning)
* [Download QR code](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMachine_learning) | ml.md_0_86 |
Print/export
* [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Machine_learning&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file")
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In other projects
* [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Machine_learning)
* [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Machine_learning)
* [Wikiversity](https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Machine_learning) | ml.md_0_88 |
* [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2539 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata \[g\]") | ml.md_0_89 |
Appearance
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Study of algorithms that improve automatically through experience
For the journal, see [_Machine Learning_ (journal)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Learning_\(journal\) "Machine Learning \(journal\)"). | ml.md_0_90 |
"Statistical learning" redirects here. For statistical learning in linguistics, see [statistical learning in language acquisition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_learning_in_language_acquisition "Statistical learning in language acquisition").
Part of a series on
--- | ml.md_0_91 |
Part of a series on
---
Machine learningand [data mining](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mining "Data mining")
Paradigms
* [Supervised learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning "Supervised learning")
* [Unsupervised learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsupervised_learning "Unsupervi... | ml.md_0_92 |
* [Semi-supervised learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-supervised_learning "Semi-supervised learning")
* [Self-supervised learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-supervised_learning "Self-supervised learning")
* [Reinforcement learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_learning "Reinforceme... | ml.md_0_93 |
* [Meta-learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-learning_\(computer_science\) "Meta-learning \(computer science\)")
* [Online learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_machine_learning "Online machine learning")
* [Batch learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batch_learning "Batch learning") | ml.md_0_94 |
* [Curriculum learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum_learning "Curriculum learning")
* [Rule-based learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule-based_machine_learning "Rule-based machine learning")
* [Neuro-symbolic AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro-symbolic_AI "Neuro-symbolic AI") | ml.md_0_95 |
* [Neuromorphic engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromorphic_engineering "Neuromorphic engineering")
* [Quantum machine learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_machine_learning "Quantum machine learning") | ml.md_0_96 |
Problems
* [Classification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_classification "Statistical classification")
* [Generative modeling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_model "Generative model")
* [Regression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_analysis "Regression analysis") | ml.md_0_97 |
* [Clustering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis "Cluster analysis")
* [Dimensionality reduction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionality_reduction "Dimensionality reduction")
* [Density estimation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_estimation "Density estimation") | ml.md_0_98 |
* [Anomaly detection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomaly_detection "Anomaly detection")
* [Data cleaning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_cleaning "Data cleaning")
* [AutoML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_machine_learning "Automated machine learning") | ml.md_0_99 |
* [Association rules](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_rule_learning "Association rule learning")
* [Semantic analysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_analysis_\(machine_learning\) "Semantic analysis \(machine learning\)")
* [Structured prediction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_predictio... | ml.md_0_100 |
* [Feature engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_engineering "Feature engineering")
* [Feature learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_learning "Feature learning")
* [Learning to rank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_to_rank "Learning to rank") | ml.md_0_101 |
* [Grammar induction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar_induction "Grammar induction")
* [Ontology learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_learning "Ontology learning")
* [Multimodal learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimodal_learning "Multimodal learning") | ml.md_0_102 |
[Supervised learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning "Supervised learning")(**[classification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_classification "Statistical classification")** ⢠**[regression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_analysis "Regression analysis")**) | ml.md_0_103 |
* [Apprenticeship learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprenticeship_learning "Apprenticeship learning")
* [Decision trees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree_learning "Decision tree learning")
* [Ensembles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble_learning "Ensemble learning") | ml.md_0_104 |
* [Bagging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrap_aggregating "Bootstrap aggregating")
* [Boosting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boosting_\(machine_learning\) "Boosting \(machine learning\)")
* [Random forest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_forest "Random forest") | ml.md_0_105 |
* [_k_ -NN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm "K-nearest neighbors algorithm")
* [Linear regression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regression "Linear regression")
* [Naive Bayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier "Naive Bayes classifier") | ml.md_0_106 |
* [Artificial neural networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network "Artificial neural network")
* [Logistic regression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_regression "Logistic regression")
* [Perceptron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron "Perceptron") | ml.md_0_107 |
* [Relevance vector machine (RVM)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_vector_machine "Relevance vector machine")
* [Support vector machine (SVM)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_vector_machine "Support vector machine") | ml.md_0_108 |
[Clustering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis "Cluster analysis")
* [BIRCH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIRCH "BIRCH")
* [CURE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURE_algorithm "CURE algorithm")
* [Hierarchical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_clustering "Hierarchical clustering") | ml.md_0_109 |
* [_k_ -means](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means_clustering "K-means clustering")
* [Fuzzy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_clustering "Fuzzy clustering")
* [Expectationâmaximization (EM)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation%E2%80%93maximization_algorithm "Expectationâmaximization algorithm") | ml.md_0_110 |
* [DBSCAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBSCAN "DBSCAN")
* [OPTICS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPTICS_algorithm "OPTICS algorithm")
* [Mean shift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_shift "Mean shift") | ml.md_0_111 |
[Dimensionality reduction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionality_reduction "Dimensionality reduction")
* [Factor analysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_analysis "Factor analysis")
* [CCA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_correlation "Canonical correlation") | ml.md_0_112 |
* [ICA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_component_analysis "Independent component analysis")
* [LDA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_discriminant_analysis "Linear discriminant analysis")
* [NMF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-negative_matrix_factorization "Non-negative matrix factorization") | ml.md_0_113 |
* [PCA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis "Principal component analysis")
* [PGD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_generalized_decomposition "Proper generalized decomposition")
* [t-SNE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding "T-distributed stochastic ... | ml.md_0_114 |
* [SDL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_dictionary_learning "Sparse dictionary learning") | ml.md_0_115 |
[Structured prediction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_prediction "Structured prediction")
* [Graphical models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_model "Graphical model")
* [Bayes net](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_network "Bayesian network") | ml.md_0_116 |
* [Conditional random field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_random_field "Conditional random field")
* [Hidden Markov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Markov_model "Hidden Markov model") | ml.md_0_117 |
[Anomaly detection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomaly_detection "Anomaly detection")
* [RANSAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_sample_consensus "Random sample consensus")
* [_k_ -NN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm "K-nearest neighbors algorithm") | ml.md_0_118 |
* [Local outlier factor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_outlier_factor "Local outlier factor")
* [Isolation forest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_forest "Isolation forest") | ml.md_0_119 |
[Artificial neural network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network "Artificial neural network")
* [Autoencoder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoencoder "Autoencoder")
* [Deep learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning "Deep learning") | ml.md_0_120 |
* [Feedforward neural network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedforward_neural_network "Feedforward neural network")
* [Recurrent neural network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_neural_network "Recurrent neural network")
* [LSTM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_short-term_memory "Long short-term memor... | ml.md_0_121 |
* [GRU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_recurrent_unit "Gated recurrent unit")
* [ESN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_state_network "Echo state network")
* [reservoir computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir_computing "Reservoir computing") | ml.md_0_122 |
* [Boltzmann machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_machine "Boltzmann machine")
* [Restricted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_Boltzmann_machine "Restricted Boltzmann machine")
* [GAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network "Generative adversarial network") | ml.md_0_123 |
* [Diffusion model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_model "Diffusion model")
* [SOM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organizing_map "Self-organizing map")
* [Convolutional neural network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_neural_network "Convolutional neural network") | ml.md_0_124 |
* [U-Net](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Net "U-Net")
* [LeNet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeNet "LeNet")
* [AlexNet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet "AlexNet")
* [DeepDream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeepDream "DeepDream") | ml.md_0_125 |
* [Neural radiance field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_radiance_field "Neural radiance field")
* [Transformer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_\(machine_learning_model\) "Transformer \(machine learning model\)")
* [Vision](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_transformer "Vision transformer") | ml.md_0_126 |
* [Mamba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamba_\(deep_learning_architecture\) "Mamba \(deep learning architecture\)")
* [Spiking neural network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiking_neural_network "Spiking neural network")
* [Memtransistor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memtransistor "Memtransistor") | ml.md_0_127 |
* [Electrochemical RAM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_RAM "Electrochemical RAM") (ECRAM) | ml.md_0_128 |
[Reinforcement learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_learning "Reinforcement learning")
* [Q-learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-learning "Q-learning")
* [SARSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%E2%80%93action%E2%80%93reward%E2%80%93state%E2%80%93action "Stateâactionârewardâstateâac... | ml.md_0_129 |
* [Temporal difference (TD)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_difference_learning "Temporal difference learning")
* [Multi-agent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-agent_reinforcement_learning "Multi-agent reinforcement learning") | ml.md_0_130 |
* [Self-play](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-play_\(reinforcement_learning_technique\) "Self-play \(reinforcement learning technique\)") | ml.md_0_131 |
Learning with humans
* [Active learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_learning_\(machine_learning\) "Active learning \(machine learning\)")
* [Crowdsourcing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdsourcing "Crowdsourcing")
* [Human-in-the-loop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-in-the-loop "Human-in-the-loo... | ml.md_0_132 |
* [RLHF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback "Reinforcement learning from human feedback") | ml.md_0_133 |
Model diagnostics
* [Coefficient of determination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_determination "Coefficient of determination")
* [Confusion matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusion_matrix "Confusion matrix") | ml.md_0_134 |
* [Learning curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_curve_\(machine_learning\) "Learning curve \(machine learning\)")
* [ROC curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic "Receiver operating characteristic") | ml.md_0_135 |
Mathematical foundations
* [Kernel machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_machines "Kernel machines")
* [Biasâvariance tradeoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias%E2%80%93variance_tradeoff "Biasâvariance tradeoff") | ml.md_0_136 |
* [Computational learning theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_learning_theory "Computational learning theory")
* [Empirical risk minimization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_risk_minimization "Empirical risk minimization")
* [Occam learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam_learning "Occ... | ml.md_0_137 |
* [PAC learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_approximately_correct_learning "Probably approximately correct learning")
* [Statistical learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_learning_theory "Statistical learning theory") | ml.md_0_138 |
* [VC theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapnik%E2%80%93Chervonenkis_theory "VapnikâChervonenkis theory")
* [Topological deep learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_deep_learning "Topological deep learning") | ml.md_0_139 |
Journals and conferences
* [ECML PKDD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECML_PKDD "ECML PKDD")
* [NeurIPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference_on_Neural_Information_Processing_Systems "Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems") | ml.md_0_140 |
* [ICML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Conference_on_Machine_Learning "International Conference on Machine Learning")
* [ICLR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Conference_on_Learning_Representations "International Conference on Learning Representations") | ml.md_0_141 |
* [IJCAI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Joint_Conference_on_Artificial_Intelligence "International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence")
* [ML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Learning_\(journal\) "Machine Learning \(journal\)") | ml.md_0_142 |
* [JMLR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Machine_Learning_Research "Journal of Machine Learning Research") | ml.md_0_143 |
Related articles
* [Glossary of artificial intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence "Glossary of artificial intelligence")
* [List of datasets for machine-learning research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research "List of datasets for mach... | ml.md_0_144 |
* [List of datasets in computer vision and image processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_datasets_in_computer_vision_and_image_processing "List of datasets in computer vision and image processing")
* [Outline of machine learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_machine_learning "Outline of machine ... | ml.md_0_145 |
* [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Machine_learning "Template:Machine learning")
* [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Machine_learning "Template talk:Machine learning")
* [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Machine_learning "Special:EditPage/Template:Machine learning") | ml.md_0_146 |
Part of a series on
---
[Artificial intelligence (AI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence "Artificial intelligence") | ml.md_0_147 |
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dall-e_3_\(jan_%2724\)_artificial_intelligence_icon.png) | ml.md_0_148 |
[Major goals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#Goals "Artificial intelligence")
* [Artificial general intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence "Artificial general intelligence")
* [Intelligent agent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_agent "Intelligent... | ml.md_0_149 |
* [Recursive self-improvement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive_self-improvement "Recursive self-improvement")
* [Planning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_planning_and_scheduling "Automated planning and scheduling")
* [Computer vision](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision "Computer vision") | ml.md_0_150 |
* [General game playing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_game_playing "General game playing")
* [Knowledge representation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning "Knowledge representation and reasoning") | ml.md_0_151 |
* [Natural language processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing "Natural language processing")
* [Robotics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics "Robotics")
* [AI safety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_safety "AI safety") | ml.md_0_152 |
Approaches
* Machine learning
* [Symbolic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_artificial_intelligence "Symbolic artificial intelligence")
* [Deep learning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning "Deep learning")
* [Bayesian networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_network "Bayesian network") | ml.md_0_153 |
* [Evolutionary algorithms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm "Evolutionary algorithm")
* [Hybrid intelligent systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_intelligent_system "Hybrid intelligent system") | ml.md_0_154 |
* [Systems integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_systems_integration "Artificial intelligence systems integration") | ml.md_0_155 |
[Applications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence "Applications of artificial intelligence")
* [Bioinformatics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning_in_bioinformatics "Machine learning in bioinformatics")
* [Deepfake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepfake "Deepfake") | ml.md_0_156 |
* [Earth sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning_in_earth_sciences "Machine learning in earth sciences")
* [ Finance ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence#Finance "Applications of artificial intelligence") | ml.md_0_157 |
* [Generative AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence "Generative artificial intelligence")
* [Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art "Artificial intelligence art")
* [Audio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_audio "Generative audio") | ml.md_0_158 |
* [Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_and_artificial_intelligence "Music and artificial intelligence")
* [Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_government "Artificial intelligence in government") | ml.md_0_159 |
* [Healthcare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare "Artificial intelligence in healthcare")
* [Mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_mental_health "Artificial intelligence in mental health") | ml.md_0_160 |
* [Industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_industry "Artificial intelligence in industry")
* [Translation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_translation "Machine translation")
* [ Military ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_arms_race "Artificial intelligence arms ... | ml.md_0_161 |
* [Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning_in_physics "Machine learning in physics")
* [Projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artificial_intelligence_projects "List of artificial intelligence projects") | ml.md_0_162 |
[Philosophy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence "Philosophy of artificial intelligence")
* [Artificial consciousness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_consciousness "Artificial consciousness")
* [Chinese room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room "Chinese room") | ml.md_0_163 |
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