id stringlengths 1 7 | text stringlengths 154 333k |
|---|---|
7100 | word:
blow
word_type:
adj
expansion:
blow (comparative blower or more blow, superlative blowest or most blow)
forms:
form:
blower
tags:
comparative
form:
more blow
tags:
comparative
form:
blowest
tags:
superlative
form:
most blow
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
Blow
etymology_text:
From Middle English blo, bloo, from Old English blāw (“blue”), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue, grey, black”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with Latin flavus (“yellow”). Doublet of blue.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Blue.
senses_topics:
|
7101 | word:
blow
word_type:
noun
expansion:
blow (plural blows)
forms:
form:
blows
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Blow
etymology_text:
From Middle English blowe, blaw, northern variant of blēwe, from Proto-Germanic *blewwaną (“to beat”) (compare Old Norse blegði (“wedge”), German einbläuen, Middle Dutch blouwen). Related to block.
senses_examples:
text:
A fabricator is used to direct a sharp blow to the surface of the stone.
type:
example
text:
During an exchange to end round 13, Duran landed a blow to the midsection.
type:
example
text:
A further blow to the group came in 1917 when Thomson died while canoeing in Algonquin Park.
type:
example
text:
Norwich returned to second in the Championship with victory over Nottingham Forest, whose promotion hopes were dealt another blow.
ref:
2011 April 15, Saj Chowdhury, “Norwich 2 - 1 Nott'm Forest”, in BBC Sport
type:
quotation
text:
Click goes his shears; click, click, click. / Wide are the blows, and his hand is moving quick, / The ringer looks round, for he lost it by a blow, / And he curses that old shearer with the bare belled ewe.
ref:
1891 December 5, The Bacchus Marsh Express, Victoria, page 7, column 7
type:
quotation
text:
"Blows" of quartz, crop out above the layers of slate, granite, and sandstone formation.
ref:
1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 315
type:
quotation
text:
The blow is important because it transitions the reader and eventually the audience from one scene to another.
ref:
2014, Martie Cook, Write to TV: Out of Your Head and onto the Screen, page 105
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The act of striking or hitting.
A sudden or forcible act or effort; an assault.
A damaging occurrence.
A cut made to a sheep's fleece by a shearer using hand-shears.
An outcrop of quartz from surrounding rock, thought to indicate mineral deposits below.
Synonym of button (“the punchy or suspenseful line of dialogue that concludes a scene”)
senses_topics:
broadcasting
media
television |
7102 | word:
blow
word_type:
verb
expansion:
blow (third-person singular simple present blows, present participle blowing, simple past blew, past participle blown)
forms:
form:
blows
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
blowing
tags:
participle
present
form:
blew
tags:
past
form:
blown
tags:
participle
past
wikipedia:
Blow
etymology_text:
From Middle English blowen, from Old English blōwan, from Proto-Germanic *blōaną (compare Dutch bloeien, German blühen), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (compare Latin florēre (“to bloom”)).
senses_examples:
text:
Boys are at best but pretty buds unblown, / Whose scent and hues are rather guessed than known;
ref:
1784, William Cowper, Tirocinium; or, A Review of Schools
type:
quotation
text:
Irám indeed is gone with all its Rose,
And Jamshýd's Sev'n-ring'd Cup where no one knows;
But still the Vine her ancient Ruby yields,
And still a Garden by the Water blows.
ref:
1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2
type:
quotation
text:
Romanesco is slow to blow and more forgiving to grow than most cauliflowers, while being perhaps the most delicious and certainly the nuttiest-flavoured of the lot.
ref:
2015 January 26, Mark Diacono, “How to grow and cook cauliflower, 2015's trendiest veg”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening)
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To blossom; to cause to bloom or blossom.
senses_topics:
|
7103 | word:
blow
word_type:
noun
expansion:
blow (plural blows)
forms:
form:
blows
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Blow
etymology_text:
From Middle English blowen, from Old English blōwan, from Proto-Germanic *blōaną (compare Dutch bloeien, German blühen), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (compare Latin florēre (“to bloom”)).
senses_examples:
text:
[…] for that he believed he could shew me such a blow of tulips as was not to be matched in the whole country.
ref:
1710, Joseph Addison, “From my own apartment, August 29”, in The Tatler, page 181
type:
quotation
text:
[…] Passing the apple-tree blows of white and pink in the orchards, / Carrying a corpse to where it shall rest in the grave, / Night and day journeys a coffin.
ref:
1865, Walt Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, in Sequel to Drum-Taps: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d and other poems
type:
quotation
text:
roses in full blow
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A mass or display of flowers; a yield.
A display of anything brilliant or bright.
A bloom, state of flowering.
senses_topics:
|
7104 | word:
underwritten
word_type:
verb
expansion:
underwritten
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of underwrite
senses_topics:
|
7105 | word:
undid
word_type:
verb
expansion:
undid
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past of undo
senses_topics:
|
7106 | word:
rang
word_type:
verb
expansion:
rang
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past of ring (only in senses related to a bell — etymology 2)
senses_topics:
|
7107 | word:
unbind
word_type:
verb
expansion:
unbind (third-person singular simple present unbinds, present participle unbinding, simple past unbound, past participle unbound or (rare) unbounden)
forms:
form:
unbinds
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
unbinding
tags:
participle
present
form:
unbound
tags:
past
form:
unbound
tags:
participle
past
form:
unbounden
tags:
participle
past
rare
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English unbinden, from Old English unbindan, onbindan (“to unbind; untie”), from Proto-West Germanic *andabindan, from Proto-Germanic *andabindaną, equivalent to un- + bind. Cognate with Dutch ontbinden, German entbinden, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (andbindan).
senses_examples:
text:
Unbinds the specified key from a command
ref:
2013, Douglas Chick, Minecraft Secrets Book Cheat Codes, page 23
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To take bindings off.
To set free from a debt, contract or promise.
To disable some kind of connection in software, such as a key binding.
senses_topics:
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences |
7108 | word:
upheld
word_type:
verb
expansion:
upheld
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of uphold
senses_topics:
|
7109 | word:
undertaken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
undertaken
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of undertake
senses_topics:
|
7110 | word:
simulate
word_type:
verb
expansion:
simulate (third-person singular simple present simulates, present participle simulating, simple past and past participle simulated)
forms:
form:
simulates
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
simulating
tags:
participle
present
form:
simulated
tags:
participle
past
form:
simulated
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Inherited from Middle English symulat (“feigned, similar”), from Latin simulātus, past participle of simulō (“make like, imitate, copy, represent, feign”), from similis (“like”). See similar.
senses_examples:
text:
We will use a smoke machine to simulate the fog you will actually encounter.
type:
example
text:
This video game simulates a pinball machine.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To model, replicate, duplicate the behavior, appearance or properties of.
senses_topics:
|
7111 | word:
simulate
word_type:
adj
expansion:
simulate (comparative more simulate, superlative most simulate)
forms:
form:
more simulate
tags:
comparative
form:
most simulate
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Inherited from Middle English symulat (“feigned, similar”), from Latin simulātus, past participle of simulō (“make like, imitate, copy, represent, feign”), from similis (“like”). See similar.
senses_examples:
text:
under simulate religion
ref:
1545, John Bale, The Image of Both Churches
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Feigned; pretended.
senses_topics:
|
7112 | word:
waked
word_type:
verb
expansion:
waked
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of wake
senses_topics:
|
7113 | word:
underlie
word_type:
verb
expansion:
underlie (third-person singular simple present underlies, present participle underlying, simple past underlay, past participle underlain)
forms:
form:
underlies
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
underlying
tags:
participle
present
form:
underlay
tags:
past
form:
underlain
tags:
participle
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English underlien, underliggen, from Old English underliċġan (“to underlie, to be subject to, give way to”), equivalent to under- + lie. Cognate with Dutch onderliggen (“to lie below, lie on the bottom of”), German unterliegen (“to lie under, be subject to, succumb”).
senses_examples:
text:
A stratum of clay underlies the surface gravel.
type:
example
text:
a doctrine underlying a theory
text:
[…] she was carved into the bole of a red cedar tree. Sun and storm had bleached the wood, moss here and there softened the crudeness of the modelling; sincerity underlay every stroke.
ref:
1941, Emily Carr, chapter 6, in Klee Wyck
type:
quotation
text:
Some poems, echoing the purpose of early poetic treatises on scientific principles, attempt to elucidate the mathematical concepts that underlie prime numbers. Others play with primes’ cultural associations. Still others derive their structure from mathematical patterns involving primes.
ref:
2013 July-August, Sarah Glaz, “Ode to Prime Numbers”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To lie in a position directly beneath something.
To lie under or beneath.
To serve as a basis of; form the foundation of.
To be subject to; be liable to answer, as a charge or challenge.
To underlay.
senses_topics:
business
mining |
7114 | word:
ambiguous
word_type:
adj
expansion:
ambiguous (comparative more ambiguous, superlative most ambiguous)
forms:
form:
more ambiguous
tags:
comparative
form:
most ambiguous
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin ambiguus (“moving from side to side, of doubtful nature”), from ambigere (“to go about, wander, doubt”), from ambi- (“around, about, on both sides”) + agere (“to drive, move”).
senses_examples:
text:
The politician was criticized for his ambiguous statements and lack of precision.
type:
example
text:
And forasmuch as in this same question I am ambiguous, and Simplicius is resolute....
ref:
1662, Thomas Salusbury, (Please provide the book title or journal name)
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Open to multiple interpretations.
Hesitant; uncertain; not taking sides.
senses_topics:
|
7115 | word:
arbitrary
word_type:
adj
expansion:
arbitrary (comparative more arbitrary, superlative most arbitrary)
forms:
form:
more arbitrary
tags:
comparative
form:
most arbitrary
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English arbitrarie, Latin arbitrārius (“arbitrary, uncertain”), from arbiter (“witness, on-looker, listener, judge, overseer”).
senses_examples:
text:
Benjamin Franklin's designation of "positive" and "negative" to different charges was arbitrary.
type:
example
text:
The decision to use 18 years as the legal age of adulthood was arbitrary, as both age 17 and 19 were reasonable alternatives.
type:
example
text:
1937/1938, Albert Einstein, letter to Max Born
The Russian trials were Stalin's purges, with which he attempted to consolidate his power. Like most people in the West, I believed these show trials to be the arbitrary acts of a cruel dictator.
type:
quotation
text:
The bromide conforms to everything sanctioned by the majority, and may be depended upon to be trite, banal, and arbitrary.
ref:
1906, Gelett Burgess, Are You a Bromide?
type:
quotation
text:
The equation is true for an arbitrary value of x.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.
Determined by impulse rather than reason; sometimes heavy-handed.
Any, out of all that are possible.
Determined by independent arbiter.
Not representative or symbolic; not iconic.
senses_topics:
mathematics
sciences
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences |
7116 | word:
arbitrary
word_type:
noun
expansion:
arbitrary (plural arbitraries)
forms:
form:
arbitraries
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English arbitrarie, Latin arbitrārius (“arbitrary, uncertain”), from arbiter (“witness, on-looker, listener, judge, overseer”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Anything arbitrary, such as an arithmetical value or a fee.
senses_topics:
|
7117 | word:
asylum
word_type:
noun
expansion:
asylum (plural asylums or asyla)
forms:
form:
asylums
tags:
plural
form:
asyla
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin asylum, from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A place of safety or refuge.
The protection, physical and legal, afforded by such a place (as, for example, for political refugees).
A place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill.
senses_topics:
|
7118 | word:
thrown
word_type:
verb
expansion:
thrown
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English throwen, from Old English þrāwen, ġeþrāwen, from Proto-Germanic *þrēanaz, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną. Doublet of thran.
Morphologically throw + -n.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of throw
senses_topics:
|
7119 | word:
thrown
word_type:
adj
expansion:
thrown (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English throwen, from Old English þrāwen, ġeþrāwen, from Proto-Germanic *þrēanaz, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną. Doublet of thran.
Morphologically throw + -n.
senses_examples:
text:
a thrown weapon
text:
I was totally thrown by his bizarre remarks.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Launched by throwing.
Twisted into a single thread, as silk or yarn.
Confused; perplexed.
senses_topics:
|
7120 | word:
aesthetic
word_type:
adj
expansion:
aesthetic (comparative more aesthetic, superlative most aesthetic)
forms:
form:
more aesthetic
tags:
comparative
form:
most aesthetic
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From German Ästhetik or French esthétique, both from New Latin aesthēticus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós, “of sense perception”), from αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “I feel”); Analysable as aesthe(sis) + -tic.
Cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Latin audiō.
senses_examples:
text:
Coordinate term: cosmetic
text:
It works well enough, but the shabby exterior offends his aesthetic sensibilities.
type:
example
text:
If you're anxious for to shine in the high aesthetic line as a man of culture rare,
You must get up all the germs of the transcendental terms, and plant them everywhere.
ref:
1881, W. S. Gilbert, Patience, act I
type:
quotation
text:
If Euston is not typically English, St. Pancras is. Its façade is a nightmare of improbable Gothic. It is fairly plastered with the aesthetic ideals of 1868, and the only beautiful thing about it is Barlow's roof. It is haunted by the stuffier kind of ghost. Yet there is something about the ordered whole of St. Pancras that would make demolition a terrible pity.
ref:
1941 August, C. Hamilton Ellis, “The English Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 358
type:
quotation
text:
But he was also a natural chronicler: one senses that, even as his schemes collapsed, this aesthetic Arab Quixote knew the stories would make great material for his witty, sharp, melancholic writings.
ref:
2011, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Jerusalem: The Biography – A History of the Middle East, page 268
type:
quotation
text:
The design of the lobby cannot be considered particularly aesthetic.
type:
example
text:
The station was rebuilt yet again by British Rail in 1967, when large chunks of the 19th century station were demolished and replaced with 'modern' buildings that were less than aesthetic.
ref:
2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Wakefield Kirkgate”, in RAIL, number 948, page 28
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Concerned with beauty, artistic effect, or appearance.
Beautiful or appealing to one's sense of beauty or art.
senses_topics:
|
7121 | word:
aesthetic
word_type:
noun
expansion:
aesthetic (plural aesthetics)
forms:
form:
aesthetics
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From German Ästhetik or French esthétique, both from New Latin aesthēticus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós, “of sense perception”), from αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “I feel”); Analysable as aesthe(sis) + -tic.
Cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Latin audiō.
senses_examples:
text:
Her most recent works have this quirky, nonchalant ’90s teen culture–inspired aesthetic.
type:
example
text:
I really like the goth aesthetic you've got going there.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The study of art or beauty.
That which appeals to the senses.
The artistic motifs defining a collection of things, especially works of art; more broadly, their aura or “vibe”.
senses_topics:
|
7122 | word:
underwrite
word_type:
verb
expansion:
underwrite (third-person singular simple present underwrites, present participle underwriting, simple past underwrote, past participle underwritten or (archaic, rare) underwrit)
forms:
form:
underwrites
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
underwriting
tags:
participle
present
form:
underwrote
tags:
past
form:
underwritten
tags:
participle
past
form:
underwrit
tags:
archaic
participle
past
rare
wikipedia:
underwrite
etymology_text:
From Middle English underwriten, from Old English underwrītan (“to write at the foot of, write under, subscribe”), equivalent to under- + write. Compare Dutch onderschrijven (“to endorse”), German unterschreiben (“to sign; endorse”), Danish underskrive (“to sign; endorse”).
senses_examples:
text:
Dr. Beeching's obvious intent is that if Scottish—and similarly unprofitable English and Welsh—railways are to be maintained, it must be done by an unconcealed subsidy; he is determined that the railways shall no longer be preoccupied with—and derided for—immense deficits which include the burden of social services the State must openly underwrite, if it wants them.
ref:
1962 October, “Talking of Trains: Passed to you, Mr. Macmillan”, in Modern Railways, page 220
type:
quotation
text:
The broker who procures the insurance […]ought not, by underwriting the policy, to deprive the parties of his unbiased testimony.
ref:
1810, Samuel Marshall, Of marine insurance
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To write below or under; subscribe.
To subscribe (a document, policy etc.) with one's name.
To sign; to put one's name to.
To agree to pay by signing one's name; subscribe.
Specifically, to assume financial responsibility for something, and guarantee it against failure.
To act as an underwriter.
To support, lend support to, guarantee the basis of.
To submit to; put up with.
senses_topics:
business
insurance
|
7123 | word:
filibuster
word_type:
noun
expansion:
filibuster (plural filibusters)
forms:
form:
filibusters
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Claude Rains
James Stewart
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
United States Senate
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Spanish filibustero (“pirate”), from French flibustier, ultimately from Dutch vrijbuiter (“freebooter”), from vrij (“free”) + buit (“booty”) + -er (“agent”). The alteration in the first syllable in French is due to the word's being somewhat conflated with vlieboot (“light, flat-bottomed cargo vessel with two or three masts”) when it was borrowed into French or another language from Dutch. The word is cognate and analogous to English freebooter.
senses_examples:
text:
These duties involved prodigious physical and mental exertion, in a climate deadly to Europeans. They also involved much voyaging in waters haunted by filibusters and buccaneers. But nothing appears to daunt Labat. As for the filibusters, he becomes their comrade and personal friend;—he even becomes their chaplain, and does not scruple to make excursions with them.
ref:
1890, Lafcadio Hearn, Two Years in the French West Indies, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Bros., →OCLC
type:
quotation
text:
Mexico's War of Independence (1810–1821) encouraged an increase in the activity of filibusters in northern Mexico, particularly Texas. Spain's concentration on repressing independence movements within Mexico created opportunities for filibusters to seize control of its northern frontier regions.
ref:
2002, E. John Gesick, Jr., “Filibusters”, in Lee Stacy, editor, Mexico and the United States, volume 1 (Acapulco, Guererro – Film in Mexico), Tarrytown, N.Y.: Marshall Cavendish, page 307, column 1
type:
quotation
text:
Filibusters were American citizens who used armed force to procure economic and political influence beyond the borders of the United States from 1848–1861. Their efforts were directed mainly southward toward Cuba, Mexico, and the Central American republics. These illegal excursions disrupted diplomatic relations of the United States within its own hemisphere by damaging relations with Latin American countries and the United Kingdom.
ref:
2012, William H. Brown, “Central America, Filibusters”, in Thomas M. Leonard, editor, Encyclopedia of U.S.–Latin American Relations, volumes 1 (A–E), Thousand Oaks, Calif.: CQ Press; London: SAGE Publications, pages 149, column 2 – 150, column 1
type:
quotation
text:
As they attempted to use the international press to their advantage, the filibusters were eager to counter any articles they perceived as misrepresenting their actions. […] [T]he filibusters took issue with what they called the "Boletinero de Costarica" and its outspoken condemnation of the filibuster presence in Nicaragua. […] Costa Rican periodicals were especially scorned by the filibusters for their constant rallying cries against the US usurpers.
ref:
2016, Andreas Beer, “The Nicaraguan Press and El Nicaraguense”, in A Transnational Analysis of Representations of the US Filibusters in Nicaragua, 1855–1857, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, pages 95–96
type:
quotation
text:
No longer do filibustering Senators take the floor and speak until they are physically unable to filibuster any longer. Now, a filibuster typically begins when a Senator or group of Senators signals their intent to filibuster – which can be done by a private conversation with the majority leader or by quietly placing a bill or nomination on hold. Given the modern Senate's scarce floor time, this threat is usually enough to table the disputed issue until the dissenting Senators cave or until there are definitely enough votes to invoke cloture.
ref:
2010 April 22, Mimi Murray Digby Marziani, Diana Lee, “Statement for the Record, Brennan Center for Justice, New York, NY”, in Examining the Filibuster: Hearings before the Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, April 22, 2010, May 19, 2010, June 23, 2010, July 28, 2010, and September 22 and 29, 2010 (S. Hrg. 111-706), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 112
type:
quotation
text:
Then, last month, before the survey was finished and for reasons still unclear, the Democrats abruptly tried to attach a repeal of the law to the defence appropriations bill, a stratagem the Republicans defeated in a filibuster.
ref:
2010 October 14, “An own goal on gay rights”, in The Economist, archived from the original on 2016-04-23
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A mercenary soldier; a freebooter; specifically, a mercenary who travelled illegally in an organized group from the United States to a country in Central America or the Spanish West Indies in the mid-19th century seeking economic and political benefits through armed force.
A tactic (such as giving long, often irrelevant speeches) employed to delay the proceedings of, or the making of a decision by, a legislative body, particularly the United States Senate.
A member of a legislative body causing such an obstruction; a filibusterer.
senses_topics:
government
politics
government
politics |
7124 | word:
filibuster
word_type:
verb
expansion:
filibuster (third-person singular simple present filibusters, present participle filibustering, simple past and past participle filibustered)
forms:
form:
filibusters
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
filibustering
tags:
participle
present
form:
filibustered
tags:
participle
past
form:
filibustered
tags:
past
wikipedia:
Claude Rains
James Stewart
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
United States Senate
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Spanish filibustero (“pirate”), from French flibustier, ultimately from Dutch vrijbuiter (“freebooter”), from vrij (“free”) + buit (“booty”) + -er (“agent”). The alteration in the first syllable in French is due to the word's being somewhat conflated with vlieboot (“light, flat-bottomed cargo vessel with two or three masts”) when it was borrowed into French or another language from Dutch. The word is cognate and analogous to English freebooter.
senses_examples:
text:
According to U.S. law, filibustering was a violation of the Neutrality Law of 1818, which prohibited the organization within the United States of any armed force that intended to attack a friendly foreign power. The American government attempted, through the enforcement of this law, to prevent its citizens from filibustering, mostly by preventing potential filibustering groups from organizing and collecting arms for future operations.
ref:
2012, William H. Brown, “Central America, Filibusters”, in Thomas M. Leonard, editor, Encyclopedia of U.S.–Latin American Relations, volumes 1 (A–E), Thousand Oaks, Calif.: CQ Press; London: SAGE Publications, page 150, column 2
type:
quotation
text:
But as the case had dragged on interminably, and he believed, and the world believed, and the Canadians themselves knew, that they intended to filibuster and postpone as long as possible, he took the common-sense way to a settlement.
ref:
1919, William Roscoe Thayer, chapter 11, in Theodore Roosevelt: An Intimate Biography, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company, →OCLC
type:
quotation
text:
1901—Senator Carter successfully filibustered a river and harbor bill because it failed to include certain additional appropriations.
ref:
1957, Special Subcommittee on Amendments to Rule XXII, Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, Proposed Amendments to Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, Relating to Cloture: Hearings before a Special Subcommittee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, Eighty-fifth Congress, First Session, on S. Res. 17, S. Res. 19, S. Res. 21, S. Res. 28, S. Res. 29, S. Res. 30, S. Res. 32, S. Res. 171, Resolutions Proposing Amendments to Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate. June 17, 24, 25, 28, July 2, 9, 16, 1957, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 305
type:
quotation
text:
No longer do filibustering Senators take the floor and speak until they are physically unable to filibuster any longer. Now, a filibuster typically begins when a Senator or group of Senators signals their intent to filibuster – which can be done by a private conversation with the majority leader or by quietly placing a bill or nomination on hold. Given the modern Senate's scarce floor time, this threat is usually enough to table the disputed issue until the dissenting Senators cave or until there are definitely enough votes to invoke cloture.
ref:
2010 April 22, Mimi Murray Digby Marziani, Diana Lee, “Statement for the Record, Brennan Center for Justice, New York, NY”, in Examining the Filibuster: Hearings before the Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, April 22, 2010, May 19, 2010, June 23, 2010, July 28, 2010, and September 22 and 29, 2010 (S. Hrg. 111-706), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 112
type:
quotation
text:
Jan 20, 2012, “Meanwhile, back in Eastleigh, away from the filibustering in Westminster, Chris Huhne was able to concentrate on constituency business.”https://www.eastleighnews.co.uk/2012/01/daylight-saving-bill-runs-out-of-time/
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To take part in a private military action in a foreign country.
To use obstructionist tactics in a legislative body.
senses_topics:
government
politics |
7125 | word:
unwound
word_type:
verb
expansion:
unwound
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of unwind
senses_topics:
|
7126 | word:
unwound
word_type:
verb
expansion:
unwound (third-person singular simple present unwounds, present participle unwounding, simple past and past participle unwounded)
forms:
form:
unwounds
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
unwounding
tags:
participle
present
form:
unwounded
tags:
participle
past
form:
unwounded
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From un- + wound (“to hurt”). Possibly backformed from the more common unwounded.
senses_examples:
text:
The time travelling episode offers us restored wholeness of many kinds, ranging from physical (the ‘unwounding’ of wounded men) to spiritual and metaphysical (our transcending the tragedy of before and after).
ref:
1999, R. Norrman, “Creating the World in Our Image: A New Theory of Love of Symmetry and Iconicist Desire”, in M. Nänny, O. Fischer, editors, Form Miming Meaning, page 62
type:
quotation
text:
"When I'm wounded, I go after people hard and I try to unwound myself," Trump said in a much-anticipated interview with Fox News' Megyn Kelly that aired Tuesday night on Fox.
ref:
2016 May 17, G. Morrongiello, “Trump: I wound people to 'unwound myself'”, in Washington Examiner
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
to make (someone’s) wounds go away, to heal
senses_topics:
|
7127 | word:
wept
word_type:
verb
expansion:
wept
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From weep + -t.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of weep
senses_topics:
|
7128 | word:
stiffness
word_type:
noun
expansion:
stiffness (countable and uncountable, plural stiffnesses)
forms:
form:
stiffnesses
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
stiffness
etymology_text:
From Middle English stiffenes, styffenesse, styfnesse; equivalent to stiff + -ness. Perhaps merging with Middle English stithnesse, stithnysse, from Old English stīþness (“stiffness”).
senses_examples:
text:
His stiffness hampered the conversation.
type:
example
text:
Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.
ref:
1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Rigidity or a measure of rigidity.
Inflexibility or a measure of inflexibility.
Inelegance; a lack of relaxedness.
Muscular tension due to unaccustomed or excessive exercise or work; soreness.
senses_topics:
|
7129 | word:
browse
word_type:
verb
expansion:
browse (third-person singular simple present browses, present participle browsing, simple past and past participle browsed)
forms:
form:
browses
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
browsing
tags:
participle
present
form:
browsed
tags:
participle
past
form:
browsed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English browsen, from Old French brouster, broster (“to nibble off buds, sprouts, and bark; browse”), from brost (“a sprout, shoot, bud”), from a Germanic source, perhaps Frankish *brust (“shoot, bud”), from Proto-Germanic *brustiz (“bud, shoot”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell, sprout”). Cognate with Bavarian Bross, Brosst (“a bud”), Old Saxon brustian (“to sprout”). Doublet of brut, breast, and brush.
senses_examples:
text:
I'm just browsing around.
type:
example
text:
I stopped in several bookstores to browse.
type:
example
text:
Also, when planting to provide a source of browse for wintering deer and elk, protect seedlings from browsing during the first several years; an electric fence enclosure can offer effective protection.
ref:
1997, Colorado State Forest Service
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To scan, to casually look through in order to find items of interest, especially without knowledge of what to look for beforehand.
To move about while sampling, such as with food or products on display.
To navigate through hyperlinked documents on a computer, usually with a browser.
To move about while eating parts of plants, especially plants other than pasture, such as shrubs or trees.
To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze.
senses_topics:
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
|
7130 | word:
browse
word_type:
noun
expansion:
browse (countable and uncountable, plural browses)
forms:
form:
browses
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English browsen, from Old French brouster, broster (“to nibble off buds, sprouts, and bark; browse”), from brost (“a sprout, shoot, bud”), from a Germanic source, perhaps Frankish *brust (“shoot, bud”), from Proto-Germanic *brustiz (“bud, shoot”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell, sprout”). Cognate with Bavarian Bross, Brosst (“a bud”), Old Saxon brustian (“to sprout”). Doublet of brut, breast, and brush.
senses_examples:
text:
Also, when planting to provide a source of browse for wintering deer and elk, protect seedlings from browsing during the first several years; an electric fence enclosure can offer effective protection.
ref:
1997, Colorado State Forest Service
type:
quotation
text:
In the Panhandle Area, bison eat browse that includes mesquite and elm.
ref:
2007, Texas Parks and Wildlife Service
type:
quotation
text:
Here he buried himself in a close-printed, thickish volume which had been his chosen browse for some time.
ref:
1899, Rudyard Kipling, Stalky & Co.
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Young shoots and twigs.
Fodder for cattle and other animals.
That which one browses through; something to read.
senses_topics:
|
7131 | word:
building
word_type:
noun
expansion:
building (countable and uncountable, plural buildings)
forms:
form:
buildings
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English byldynge, buyldyng, byldyng, buldynge, buldyng, boldyng, equivalent to build + -ing. Compare also related Middle English bold (“edifice, castle, mansion”), from Old English bold (“building, dwelling, house”).
senses_examples:
text:
The building of the bridge will be completed in a couple of weeks.
type:
example
text:
My sister lives in that apartment building.
type:
example
text:
One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of conflict on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools[…]as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks.
ref:
2013 July 19, Mark Tran, “Denied an education by war”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 1
type:
quotation
text:
Why doesn't Italy finish their buildings
ref:
2024 May 6, @thepunbible, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-06-28
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The act or process by which something is built; construction.
A closed structure with walls and a roof.
Synonym of Tits building
senses_topics:
mathematics
sciences |
7132 | word:
building
word_type:
verb
expansion:
building
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English beeldynge, equivalent to build + -ing.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
present participle and gerund of build
senses_topics:
|
7133 | word:
spoken
word_type:
adj
expansion:
spoken (comparative more spoken, superlative most spoken)
forms:
form:
more spoken
tags:
comparative
form:
most spoken
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
spoken
etymology_text:
Morphologically spoke + -n.
senses_examples:
text:
soft-spoken
type:
example
text:
well-spoken
type:
example
text:
Algebra is not a spoken language like French or Spanish, it is a math language.
ref:
2001, Edward Zaccaro, chapter 1, in Real World Algebra
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Relating to speech
Speaking in a specified way
Produced by articulate sounds.
senses_topics:
|
7134 | word:
spoken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
spoken
forms:
wikipedia:
spoken
etymology_text:
Morphologically spoke + -n.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of speak
senses_topics:
|
7135 | word:
stuck
word_type:
verb
expansion:
stuck
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of stick (archaic sticked)
senses_topics:
|
7136 | word:
stuck
word_type:
adj
expansion:
stuck (comparative more stuck, superlative most stuck)
forms:
form:
more stuck
tags:
comparative
form:
most stuck
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
Can you shift this gate? I think it’s stuck.
type:
example
text:
If you’ve had to battle a stuck zipper, you know how frustrating it can be.
type:
example
text:
I’m totally stuck on this question in the test.
type:
example
text:
There are several ways to close a stuck program.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Unable to move.
Unable to progress with a task.
No longer functioning, frozen up, frozen.
In the situation of having no money.
senses_topics:
|
7137 | word:
stuck
word_type:
noun
expansion:
stuck (plural stucks)
forms:
form:
stucks
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Compare stoccado.
senses_examples:
text:
See Wikisource
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A thrust, especially with a lance or sword.
senses_topics:
|
7138 | word:
withdrew
word_type:
verb
expansion:
withdrew
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past of withdraw
senses_topics:
|
7139 | word:
wetted
word_type:
verb
expansion:
wetted
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
The ironbark trees are "rung" at a certain height top and bottom, and the bark detached in one sheet; it is then wetted, and laid out flat on the ground, huge stones being placed to keep it from rolling up again.
ref:
1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 50
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of wet
senses_topics:
|
7140 | word:
sedentary
word_type:
adj
expansion:
sedentary (comparative more sedentary, superlative most sedentary)
forms:
form:
more sedentary
tags:
comparative
form:
most sedentary
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle French sédentaire, from Latin sedentārius (“sitting”), from sedeō (“I sit, I am seated”).
senses_examples:
text:
The oyster is a sedentary mollusk; the barnacles are sedentary crustaceans.
type:
example
text:
[…]the Egyptians; whose Sages were not sedentary, scholastic Sophists, like the Grecian[…]
ref:
1765 [1738], Bishop William Warburton, The Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated, page 220
type:
quotation
text:
[…]that any education that confined itself to sedentary pursuits was essentially imperfect, that the body as well as the mind should be cultivated[…]
ref:
1844 October 3, Benjamin Disraeli, The Acquirement of Knowledge, An address delivered to the members of the Manchester Athenæum
type:
quotation
text:
The Soul, considered abstractedly from its Passions, is of a remiss and sedentary Nature, slow in its Resolves, and languishing in its Executions.
ref:
1711 December 22, Joseph Addison, “No. 255”, in The Spectator
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Not moving; relatively still; staying in the vicinity.
Living in a fixed geographical location; the opposite of nomadic.
Not moving much; sitting around.
inactive; motionless; sluggish; tranquil
Caused by long sitting.
senses_topics:
anthropology
human-sciences
sciences
lifestyle
medicine
sciences
|
7141 | word:
sedentary
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sedentary (plural sedentaries)
forms:
form:
sedentaries
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle French sédentaire, from Latin sedentārius (“sitting”), from sedeō (“I sit, I am seated”).
senses_examples:
text:
Endosomatic electrodermal activity (skin potential level and skin potential response) as an indirect indicator of sympathetic nervous system activity was measured in 35 sedentary male students and 22 trained athletes of two groups during resting and after an acute exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of skin potential parameters between sedentaries and trained athletes before and after the acute exercise in bicycle ergometer.
ref:
1998, Effect of acute exercise on skin potential in sedentaries and trained athletes.
type:
quotation
text:
The non-sedentaries rather do not without grain or rice, but the sedentaries have, in Wirth's table, not much less sheep and goats than the non-sedentaries. That is a reason to suppose that the sedentaries can cope without the non-sedentaries
ref:
2001, Jaarbericht, Issues 35-38, page 99
type:
quotation
text:
With the decline and eventual downfall of the south, it was their relationship with the Arab sedentaries of the north which assumed greater importance;
ref:
2005, The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1, Volume 2, page 19
type:
quotation
text:
Smiths are not nomadic among the nomads and sedentary among the sedentaries, nor half-nomadic among the nomads, half-sedentary among sedentaries.
ref:
2012, Deleuze, The Dark Precursor: Dialectic, Structure, Being, page 37
type:
quotation
text:
"These baths are great both for active people like sportsmen, as well as for sedentaries who spend too much time behind their desks," explains Dicioni Lino
ref:
2015, Road to Beauty Day 8: Hairstyling Tips on the Road
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
a sedentary person
senses_topics:
|
7142 | word:
hurt
word_type:
verb
expansion:
hurt (third-person singular simple present hurts, present participle hurting, simple past and past participle hurt)
forms:
form:
hurts
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
hurting
tags:
participle
present
form:
hurt
tags:
participle
past
form:
hurt
tags:
past
wikipedia:
Hurt
etymology_text:
From Middle English hurten, hirten, hertan (“to injure, scathe, knock together”), from Old Northern French hurter ("to ram into, strike, collide with"; > Modern French heurter), perhaps from Frankish *hūrt (“a battering ram”), cognate with Welsh hwrdd (“ram”) and Cornish hordh (“ram”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to fall, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, beat, smash, strike, break”); however, the earliest instances of the verb in Middle English are as old as those found in Old French, which leads to the possibility that the Middle English word may instead be a reflex of an unrecorded Old English *hyrtan, which later merged with the Old French verb. Germanic cognates include Dutch horten (“to push against, strike”), Middle Low German hurten (“to run at, collide with”), Middle High German hurten (“to push, bump, attack, storm, invade”), Old Norse hrútr (“battering ram”).
Alternate etymology traces Old Northern French hurter rather to Old Norse hrútr (“ram (male sheep)”), lengthened-grade variant of hjǫrtr (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutuz, *herutaz (“hart, male deer”), which would relate it to English hart (“male deer”). See hart.
senses_examples:
text:
If anybody hurts my little brother, I will get upset.
type:
example
text:
This injection might hurt a little.
type:
example
text:
He was deeply hurt he hadn’t been invited.
type:
example
text:
The insult hurt.
type:
example
text:
Does your leg still hurt? / It is starting to feel better.
type:
example
text:
This latest gaffe hurts the legislator’s reelection prospects still further.
type:
example
text:
Copying and pasting identical portions of source code hurts maintainability, because the programmer has to keep all those copies synchronized.
type:
example
text:
It wouldn't hurt to check the weather forecast and find out if it's going to rain.
type:
example
text:
The Harpe. […] A harper with his wreſt maye tune the harpe wrong / Mys tunying of an Inſtrument ſhal hurt a true ſonge
ref:
1568, William Cornishe, “A treatise betwene Trouth, and Information”, in J[ohn] S[tow], editor, Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate, London, →OCLC; republished as Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate to King Henry the VIIIth, London: Printed for C. Davis in Pater-noster Row, 1736, →OCLC, page 290
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To cause (a person or animal) physical pain and/or injury.
To cause (somebody) emotional pain.
To be painful.
To damage, harm, impair, undermine, impede.
senses_topics:
|
7143 | word:
hurt
word_type:
adj
expansion:
hurt (comparative more hurt, superlative most hurt)
forms:
form:
more hurt
tags:
comparative
form:
most hurt
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
Hurt
etymology_text:
From Middle English hurten, hirten, hertan (“to injure, scathe, knock together”), from Old Northern French hurter ("to ram into, strike, collide with"; > Modern French heurter), perhaps from Frankish *hūrt (“a battering ram”), cognate with Welsh hwrdd (“ram”) and Cornish hordh (“ram”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to fall, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, beat, smash, strike, break”); however, the earliest instances of the verb in Middle English are as old as those found in Old French, which leads to the possibility that the Middle English word may instead be a reflex of an unrecorded Old English *hyrtan, which later merged with the Old French verb. Germanic cognates include Dutch horten (“to push against, strike”), Middle Low German hurten (“to run at, collide with”), Middle High German hurten (“to push, bump, attack, storm, invade”), Old Norse hrútr (“battering ram”).
Alternate etymology traces Old Northern French hurter rather to Old Norse hrútr (“ram (male sheep)”), lengthened-grade variant of hjǫrtr (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutuz, *herutaz (“hart, male deer”), which would relate it to English hart (“male deer”). See hart.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Wounded, physically injured.
Pained.
senses_topics:
|
7144 | word:
hurt
word_type:
noun
expansion:
hurt (plural hurts)
forms:
form:
hurts
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Hurt
etymology_text:
From Middle English hurten, hirten, hertan (“to injure, scathe, knock together”), from Old Northern French hurter ("to ram into, strike, collide with"; > Modern French heurter), perhaps from Frankish *hūrt (“a battering ram”), cognate with Welsh hwrdd (“ram”) and Cornish hordh (“ram”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to fall, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, beat, smash, strike, break”); however, the earliest instances of the verb in Middle English are as old as those found in Old French, which leads to the possibility that the Middle English word may instead be a reflex of an unrecorded Old English *hyrtan, which later merged with the Old French verb. Germanic cognates include Dutch horten (“to push against, strike”), Middle Low German hurten (“to run at, collide with”), Middle High German hurten (“to push, bump, attack, storm, invade”), Old Norse hrútr (“battering ram”).
Alternate etymology traces Old Northern French hurter rather to Old Norse hrútr (“ram (male sheep)”), lengthened-grade variant of hjǫrtr (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutuz, *herutaz (“hart, male deer”), which would relate it to English hart (“male deer”). See hart.
senses_examples:
text:
how to overcome old hurts of the past
type:
example
text:
Jules Rimet still gleaming
Thirty years of hurt
Never stopped me dreaming
ref:
1996, “Three Lions”, performed by David Baddiel and Frank Skinner
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An emotional or psychological humiliation or bad experience.
A bodily injury causing pain; a wound or bruise.
Injury; damage; detriment; harm
A band on a trip hammer's helve, bearing the trunnions.
A husk.
senses_topics:
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
|
7145 | word:
hurt
word_type:
noun
expansion:
hurt (plural hurts)
forms:
form:
hurts
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Hurt
etymology_text:
Unclear. Suggestions include: from its resemblance to a blue hurtleberry, or from French heurt (a blow, leaving a blue bruise: compare the theories about golpe (“purple roundel”)).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A roundel azure (blue circular spot).
senses_topics:
government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics |
7146 | word:
dogged
word_type:
verb
expansion:
dogged
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From the verb to dog.
senses_examples:
text:
At night proctors patrolled the street and dogged your steps if you tried to go into any haunt where the presence of vice was suspected.
ref:
1903, Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh
type:
quotation
text:
They will replace the four five-car Class 180 Adelantes [...] that have been dogged by poor reliability.
ref:
2019 December 4, Richard Clinnick, “New Trains Special”, in Rail, page 16
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of dog
senses_topics:
|
7147 | word:
dogged
word_type:
adj
expansion:
dogged (comparative more dogged, superlative most dogged)
forms:
form:
more dogged
tags:
comparative
form:
most dogged
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English dogged, doggid, doggyd (“characteristics similar to that of a dog”), equivalent to dog + -ed.
senses_examples:
text:
Rushing out to the point above the reef, we watched the conflict between canoe and sea. When the man reached the gas boat, the screams of the boy stopped. With great risk they loaded the canoe till she began to take water. The boy bailed furiously. The long dogged pull of the man's oars challenged death inch by inch, wave by wave.
ref:
1941, Emily Carr, chapter 18, in Klee Wyck
type:
quotation
text:
It had taken nine years from the evening that Truman first showed up with a pie plate at her mother's door, but his dogged perseverance eventually won him the hand of his boyhood Sunday school crush.
ref:
2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage
type:
quotation
text:
Using the latest technology, and with the dogged determination of our testing and tracing scheme, we've successfully identified the person in question.
ref:
2021 March 5, Matt Hancock, quotee, “Mystery person with Brazil variant found thanks to dogged determination, says Matt Hancock”, in The Guardian, →ISSN
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
stubbornly persevering, steadfast
senses_topics:
|
7148 | word:
dogged
word_type:
adv
expansion:
dogged (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English dogged, doggid, doggyd (“characteristics similar to that of a dog”), equivalent to dog + -ed.
senses_examples:
text:
"I'm afraid I've given him a heap of trouble. You see," he explained, looking at Paul critically, "I never thought of eating before I left town, and one gets so dogged hungry, you know walking. I say it is a long tramp, isn't it?"
ref:
1918, Ethel Penman Hope, Dr. Paul, page 127
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
very
senses_topics:
|
7149 | word:
prove
word_type:
verb
expansion:
prove (third-person singular simple present proves, present participle proving, simple past proved, past participle proved or proven)
forms:
form:
proves
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
proving
tags:
participle
present
form:
proved
tags:
past
form:
proved
tags:
participle
past
form:
proven
tags:
participle
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
prove
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
etymology_text:
From Middle English proven, from Old English prōfian (“to esteem, regard as, evince, try, prove”) and Old French prover (“to prove”), both from Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Displaced native Middle English sothen (“to prove”), from Old English sōþian (“to prove”). Doublet of probe. More at for, be, soothe.
senses_examples:
text:
[VV]e are able with playne demonſtration to proue, and vvith reaſon to perſvvade that in tymes paſt our fayth vvas alike, that then vve preached thinges correſpondent vnto the forme of faith already published of vs, ſo that none in this behalfe can repyne or gaynesay vs.
ref:
1577, Socrates Scholasticus [i.e., Socrates of Constantinople], “Constantinus the Emperour Summoneth the Nicene Councell, it was Held at Nicæa a Citie of Bythnia for the Debatinge of the Controuersie about the Feast of Easter, and the Rootinge out of the Heresie of Arius”, in Eusebius Pamphilus, Socrates Scholasticus, Evagrius Scholasticus, Dorotheus, translated by Meredith Hanmer, The Avncient Ecclesiasticall Histories of the First Six Hundred Yeares after Christ, Wrytten in the Greeke Tongue by Three Learned Historiographers, Eusebius, Socrates, and Euagrius. …, book I (The First Booke of the Ecclesiasticall Historye of Socrates Scholasticvs), imprinted at London: By Thomas Vautroullier dwelling in the Blackefriers by Ludgate, →OCLC, page 225
type:
quotation
text:
Valentine’s Day means different things for different people. For Homer, it means forking over a hundred dollars for a dusty box of chocolates at the Kwik-E-Mart after characteristically forgetting the holiday yet again. For Ned, it’s another opportunity to prove his love for his wife. Most germane to the episode, for Lisa, Valentine’s Day means being the only person in her entire class to give Ralph a Valentine after noticing him looking crestfallen and alone at his desk.
ref:
2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)
type:
quotation
text:
WikiLeaks did not cause these uprisings but it certainly informed them. The dispatches revealed details of corruption and kleptocracy that many Tunisians suspected, but could not prove, and would cite as they took to the streets. They also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies.
ref:
2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18
type:
quotation
text:
I will prove that my method is more effective than yours.
type:
example
text:
It proved to be a cold day.
type:
example
text:
This battle did not take place in the streets. It took place entirely in words, and it was to prove the turning point in the war.
ref:
1964, Jean Merrill, The Pushcart War, 2014 The New York Review Children's Collection edition, chapter 33, page 199
text:
He met Luis Suarez's cross at the far post, only for Chelsea keeper Petr Cech to show brilliant reflexes to deflect his header on to the bar. Carroll turned away to lead Liverpool's insistent protests that the ball had crossed the line but referee Phil Dowd and assistant referee Andrew Garratt waved play on, with even a succession of replays proving inconclusive.
ref:
2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport
type:
quotation
text:
Have an exit strategy should your calculations prove incorrect.
type:
example
text:
They took the experimental car to the proving-grounds.
type:
example
text:
The exception proves the rule.
type:
example
text:
The hypothesis has not been proven to our satisfaction.
type:
example
text:
to prove a will
text:
to prove a page
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To demonstrate that something is true or viable; to give proof for.
To turn out; to manifest.
To turn out to be.
To put to the test, to make trial of.
To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify.
To experience.
To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of.
Alternative form of proof (“allow (dough) to rise; test the activeness of (yeast); pressure-test (a firearm)”)
To determine by experiment which effects a substance causes when ingested.
senses_topics:
media
printing
publishing
homeopathy
medicine
sciences |
7150 | word:
prove
word_type:
noun
expansion:
prove (plural proves)
forms:
form:
proves
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English proven, from Old English prōfian (“to esteem, regard as, evince, try, prove”) and Old French prover (“to prove”), both from Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Displaced native Middle English sothen (“to prove”), from Old English sōþian (“to prove”). Doublet of probe. More at for, be, soothe.
senses_examples:
text:
You may also need to think about what the prove is doing to the loaf of bread — it is warming the dough and making it moist, allowing it to rise […]
ref:
2009, Paul Allam, David McGuinness, Bourke Street Bakery: the ultimate baking companion
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The process of dough proofing.
senses_topics:
baking
cooking
food
lifestyle |
7151 | word:
prove
word_type:
verb
expansion:
prove
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Simple past form of proove, conjugated as a Germanic strong verb, on the pattern of choose → chose.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past of proove
senses_topics:
|
7152 | word:
have
word_type:
verb
expansion:
have (third-person singular simple present has, present participle having, simple past and past participle had)
forms:
form:
has
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
having
tags:
participle
present
form:
had
tags:
participle
past
form:
had
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
have
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
Vladimir Orel
etymology_text:
From Middle English haven, from Old English habban (“to have”), from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have”), durative of *habjaną (“to lift, take up”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, present tense of *keh₂p- (“to take, seize, catch”). Related to heave.
Since there is no common Indo-European root for a transitive possessive verb have (notice that Latin habeō is not etymologically related to English have), Proto-Indo-European probably lacked the have structure. Instead, the third person forms of be were used, with the possessor in dative case, compare Latin mihi est / sunt, literally to me is / are.
cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian hääbe (“to have”), West Frisian hawwe (“to have”), Dutch hebben (“to have”), Afrikaans hê (“to have”), Low German hebben, hewwen (“to have”), German haben (“to have”), Danish have (“to have”), Swedish hava (“to have”), Norwegian Nynorsk ha (“to have”), Icelandic hafa (“to have”), Albanian kap (“I grab, catch, grip”), Latin capiō (“take”, verb), Russian хапать (xapatʹ, “to seize”).
senses_examples:
text:
I have a house and a car.
type:
example
text:
Look what I have here—a frog I found on the street!
type:
example
text:
Do you have the key?
(not necessarily one's own key)
type:
example
text:
The stove has a handle. The shirt has sleeves.
type:
example
text:
The words cow and dog have three letters.
type:
example
text:
A government has three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial.
type:
example
text:
The movie has lots of action.
type:
example
text:
I have two sisters.
type:
example
text:
She doesn’t have any friends.
type:
example
text:
I have a really mean boss.
type:
example
text:
I have breakfast at six o'clock.
type:
example
text:
You've already had five drinks!
type:
example
text:
She's had more than enough time already.
type:
example
text:
Can I have a look at that?
type:
example
text:
He's having a tantrum about it.
type:
example
text:
I’m going to have a bath now.
type:
example
text:
Let’s have a game of tiddlywinks.
type:
example
text:
What class do you have right now? I have English.
type:
example
text:
Fred won’t be able to come to the party; he has a meeting that day.
type:
example
text:
I have a lot of work to do.
type:
example
text:
We had a hard year last year, with the locust swarms and all that.
type:
example
text:
He had surgery on his hip yesterday.
type:
example
text:
I’m having the time of my life!
type:
example
text:
I hope you have a wonderful birthday.
type:
example
text:
This year we're having Christmas with my wife's family in Thunder Bay.
type:
example
text:
He had a cold last week.
type:
example
text:
I have already eaten today.
type:
example
text:
I had already eaten.
type:
example
text:
I will have left by the time you get here.
type:
example
text:
They haven’t eaten dinner yet, have they?
type:
example
text:
Your wife hasn’t been reading that nonsense, has she?
type:
example
text:
He has some money, hasn’t he?
type:
example
text:
I have to go.
type:
example
text:
The couple always wanted to have children.
type:
example
text:
My wife is having the baby right now!
type:
example
text:
My mother had me when she was 25.
type:
example
text:
The substance you describe can't be had at any price.
type:
example
text:
Out there is a fortune waiting to be had / You think I'll let it go you're mad / You've got another thing comin'
ref:
1982, Rob Halford, K. K. Downing, Glenn Tipton (lyrics and music), “You've Got Another Thing Comin'”, in Screaming for Justice, performed by Judas Priest, side 2, track 2
type:
quotation
text:
He’s always bragging about how many women he’s had.
type:
example
text:
Tame midweek stress the fun way. Have each other before dinner to reconnect after a long day.
ref:
2008 January–February, “70 Ways to Improve Every Day of the Week”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 134
type:
quotation
text:
Despite my protestations of love, she would not have me.
type:
example
text:
They had me feed their dog while they were out of town.
type:
example
text:
Her very boyfriend is the person the criminal has do most of her dirty deeds.
type:
example
text:
His English is still in its beginning stages, like my Creole, but he was able to translate some Creole songs that he's written into English—not the best English, but English nonetheless. He had me correct the translations. That kind of thing is very interesting to me. When I was learning Spanish, I would often take my favorite songs and try to translate them.
ref:
2002, Matt Cyr, Something to Teach Me: Journal of an American in the Mountains of Haiti, Educa Vision, Inc., page 25
type:
quotation
text:
He had him arrested for trespassing.
type:
example
text:
The lecture’s ending had the entire audience in tears.
type:
example
text:
Jim has his eyes closed.
type:
example
text:
The hospital had several patients contract pneumonia last week.
type:
example
text:
I’ve had three people today tell me my hair looks nice.
type:
example
text:
Their stories differed; he said he’d been at work when the incident occurred, but her statement had him at home that entire evening.
type:
example
text:
Anton Rogan, 8, was one of the runners-up in the Tick Tock Box short story competition, not Anton Rogers as we had it.
ref:
2011 May 3, “Corrections and clarifications”, in The Guardian
type:
quotation
text:
I could have him!
type:
example
text:
You broke the window! Teacher’ll have you for that!
type:
example
text:
I have no German.
type:
example
text:
Dan certainly has arms today, probably from scraping paint off four columns the day before.
type:
example
text:
I bought a laptop online but it never arrived. I think I've been had!
type:
example
text:
You had me alright! I never would have thought that was just a joke.
type:
example
text:
The child screamed incessantly for his mother to buy him a toy, but she wasn't having any of it.
type:
example
text:
I asked my dad if I could go to the concert this Thursday, but he wouldn't have it since it's a school night.
type:
example
text:
I made up an excuse as to why I was out so late, but my wife wasn't having any of it.
type:
example
text:
Thank you for having me!
type:
example
text:
What do you have for problem two?
type:
example
text:
I have two contacts on my scope.
type:
example
text:
We’ll schedule closing arguments for Thursday, and the jury will have the case by that afternoon.
type:
example
text:
For some reason, "I had a Freckled Duck today" never seems to work as a pick-up line.
ref:
2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 57
type:
quotation
text:
1977-1980, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
Thurs nite I went to see Lou Reed […] and Lou, oh God, he completely had me. I was lost at the foot of a god.
text:
Ah! Now I have it!
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To possess, own.
To hold, as something at someone's disposal.
To include as a part, ingredient, or feature.
Used to state the existence or presence of someone in a specified relationship with the subject.
To consume or use up (a particular substance or resource, especially food or drink).
To undertake or perform (an action or activity).
To be scheduled to attend, undertake or participate in.
To experience, go through, undergo.
To be afflicted with, suffer from.
Used in forming the perfect aspect.
Used as an interrogative verb before a pronoun to form a tag question, echoing a previous use of 'have' as an auxiliary verb or, in certain cases, main verb. (For further discussion, see the appendix English tag questions.)
See have to.
To give birth to.
To obtain.
To engage in sexual intercourse with.
To accept as a romantic partner.
To cause to, by a command, request or invitation.
To cause to be.
To be affected by an occurrence. (Used in supplying a topic that is not a verb argument.)
To depict as being.
To defeat in a fight; take.
To inflict punishment or retribution on.
To be able to speak (a language).
To feel or be (especially painfully) aware of.
To trick, to deceive.
To allow; to tolerate.
To believe, buy, be taken in by.
To host someone; to take in as a guest.
To get a reading, measurement, or result from an instrument or calculation.
To consider a court proceeding that has been completed; to begin deliberations on a case.
To make an observation of (a bird species).
To capture or actively hold someone's attention or interest.
To grasp the meaning of; comprehend.
senses_topics:
biology
birdwatching
natural-sciences
ornithology
|
7153 | word:
have
word_type:
noun
expansion:
have (plural haves)
forms:
form:
haves
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Vladimir Orel
etymology_text:
From Middle English haven, from Old English habban (“to have”), from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have”), durative of *habjaną (“to lift, take up”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, present tense of *keh₂p- (“to take, seize, catch”). Related to heave.
Since there is no common Indo-European root for a transitive possessive verb have (notice that Latin habeō is not etymologically related to English have), Proto-Indo-European probably lacked the have structure. Instead, the third person forms of be were used, with the possessor in dative case, compare Latin mihi est / sunt, literally to me is / are.
cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian hääbe (“to have”), West Frisian hawwe (“to have”), Dutch hebben (“to have”), Afrikaans hê (“to have”), Low German hebben, hewwen (“to have”), German haben (“to have”), Danish have (“to have”), Swedish hava (“to have”), Norwegian Nynorsk ha (“to have”), Icelandic hafa (“to have”), Albanian kap (“I grab, catch, grip”), Latin capiō (“take”, verb), Russian хапать (xapatʹ, “to seize”).
senses_examples:
text:
A good credit rating can mean the difference between being a have or a have not.
ref:
1981, Sepia
type:
quotation
text:
While these stories serve to make us conscious of the implications of being a “have” or a “have-not,” as with all good literature, they do much more than that. They provide a glimpse into lives that we might never encounter elsewhere.
ref:
1999, Various, The Haves and Have Nots, Penguin
type:
quotation
text:
A longtime advocate for racial and social justice with a degree from Virginia Commonwealth University, Walker, 40, got into politics at the urging of Edwards, an African American woman widely praised as a bridge-builder between the city’s haves and have-nots.
ref:
2021 April 5, Laura Vozzella, “Charlottesville mayor says graphic poem illustrates Black experience in city”, in The Washington Post
type:
quotation
text:
To find out whether you are a have or a have not, did you understand the malo and Brett sentence a few lines back? If no, this doesn't make any difference to me, as you are the proud possessor of something the 'haves' haven't got. You know exactly what you like and why you like it. The 'haves' pretend to like and understand everything, which by the way is impossible. They deliberate over choosing a bottle in the shop for hours, ...
ref:
2010, Simon Collin, Dictionary of Wine, A&C Black
type:
quotation
text:
Generally, I can assure you that a woman's posterior causes a stir, whether she's considered a have or a have not. But in most cases, men gravitate toward a pair of prominent gluteus muscles because they find this display appealing. This prominent protrusion can make a pair of jeans look like it was painted on, above just being good to look at. And by the way, it also incites some backshot (a Caribbean term for a well-known sex position) and spanking tendencies during sexual activity ...
ref:
2013, Kelda, Men Under a Microscope, Author House, page 57
type:
quotation
text:
The question you must answer is, “Do you have Jesus?” In Jesus, you have eternal life. If you do not have Jesus—if you have not received Him—you do not have “the life.” Are you a “have,” or are you a “have not”? That is a vital decision every person must make—a critical issue you have to resolve for yourself.
ref:
2014, Derek Prince, Ultimate Security: Finding a Refuge in Difficult Times, Whitaker House
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A wealthy or privileged person.
One who has some (contextually specified) thing.
senses_topics:
|
7154 | word:
have
word_type:
noun
expansion:
have (plural haves)
forms:
form:
haves
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From have on (“to deceive”).
senses_examples:
text:
They advertise it as a great deal, but I think it's a bit of a have.
type:
example
text:
"Open your eyes" is the company's tagline and part of its mission is to wake us up to the area's history, to the fact that New Zealand's '100% pure' marketing is a bit of a have, as well as to share the encouraging conservation efforts under way.
ref:
2017 November 14, Joanna Davis, “Go with the flow in Abel Tasman National Park”, in stuff.co.nz
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A fraud or deception; something misleading.
senses_topics:
|
7155 | word:
wore
word_type:
verb
expansion:
wore
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
Crim. No, though I loſe that Head which I before / Deſign'd ſhould the Morocco-Crown have wore[…]
ref:
1673, Elkanah Settle, The Empress of Morocco […], William Coleman, act III, page 19
type:
quotation
text:
Some of the greatest scholars, politicians, and wits, that ever Europe produced, have wore the habit of an abbé[…]
ref:
1824, Tobias Smollett, The Miscellaneous Works of Tobias Smollett, M.D., volume VII, page 125
type:
quotation
text:
But he wore surgical gloves when we had sex, I mean if we had had a body condom he would have wore it and he'd go wash immediately.
ref:
1997 August 4, Patricia A Lather, Christine S Smithies, Troubling The Angels: Women Living With HIV/AIDS, Hachette UK, page 138
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past of wear
past participle of wear
senses_topics:
|
7156 | word:
stiffen
word_type:
verb
expansion:
stiffen (third-person singular simple present stiffens, present participle stiffening, simple past and past participle stiffened)
forms:
form:
stiffens
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
stiffening
tags:
participle
present
form:
stiffened
tags:
participle
past
form:
stiffened
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English stifnen, equivalent to stiff + -en.
senses_examples:
text:
Bewildered by the unexpected greeting, my son stiffened, but managed a polite answer.
ref:
2003, Yoko Ogawa, The Housekeeper and the Professor
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To make stiff.
To become stiff.
senses_topics:
|
7157 | word:
central
word_type:
adj
expansion:
central (comparative more central, superlative most central)
forms:
form:
more central
tags:
comparative
form:
most central
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Latin centrālis, from centrum (“centre”), from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron); by surface analysis, centre + -al.
senses_examples:
text:
Egyption Thebes; / Tyre by the margin of the sounding waves; / Palmyra, central in the Desert, fell; / And the Arts died by which they had been raised.
ref:
1814, William Wordsworth, “The Parsonage”, in The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, volume V, London: Longman, published 1827, page 340
type:
quotation
text:
The plantoid[…]will have a central stem containing a reservoir of liquid plastic of a sort that can be frozen by ultraviolet light. Half a dozen cylindrical roots will branch off this stem, and the plastic will flow through these from the reservoir to the tip. As in a real root, the tip will be a specialised structure.
ref:
2013 July 27, “Putting down roots”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8846
type:
quotation
text:
The network had no central ownership or controller; and it did only one thing – transfer data packets from one edge of the network to their destination at another edge.
ref:
2024 May 4, John Naughton, “The internet is in decline – it needs rewilding”, in The Guardian
type:
quotation
text:
Cleverley was a central figure as England took the lead inside three minutes. He saw his shot handled by Moldovan defender Simion Bulgaru and Lampard drilled home the penalty in trademark fashion.
ref:
2012 September 7, Phil McNulty, “Moldova 0-5 England”, in BBC Sport
type:
quotation
text:
Passengers crowd in the main concourse at London Euston on January 28 2017, before boarding West Coast Main Line services. The urgent need to relieve congestion and improve reliability on the WCML remains central in the recently published Full Business Case for HS2.
ref:
2020 May 6, Jim Steer, “Full Business Case offers fresh insight into HS2's prospects”, in Rail, page 51, photo caption
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Being in the centre.
Having or containing the centre of something.
Being very important, or key to something.
Exerting its action towards the peripheral organs.
senses_topics:
anatomy
medicine
sciences |
7158 | word:
central
word_type:
noun
expansion:
central (plural centrals)
forms:
form:
centrals
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Latin centrālis, from centrum (“centre”), from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron); by surface analysis, centre + -al.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
center
senses_topics:
|
7159 | word:
strew
word_type:
verb
expansion:
strew (third-person singular simple present strews, present participle strewing, simple past strewed, past participle strewn or strewed)
forms:
form:
strews
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
strewing
tags:
participle
present
form:
strewed
tags:
past
form:
strewn
tags:
participle
past
form:
strewed
tags:
participle
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English strewen, strawen, streowen, from Old English strewian, strēawian, strēowian (“to strew, scatter”), from Proto-West Germanic *strauwjan, from Proto-Germanic *strawjaną (“to strew”), from Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread, scatter”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots strow, straw (“to strew”), West Frisian streauwe (“to strew”), Dutch strooien (“to strew, scatter, sprinkle”), German streuen (“to strew, scatter”), Swedish strö (“to strew”), Icelandic strá (“to strew”), Norwegian Nynorsk strå (“to strew”).
senses_examples:
text:
to strew sand over a floor
type:
example
text:
The files had been strewn all over the floor.
type:
example
text:
Leaves strewed the ground.
type:
example
text:
The snow which does the top of Pindus strew.
ref:
1596, Edmund Spenser, Prothalamion
type:
quotation
text:
error-strewn
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To distribute objects or pieces of something over an area, especially in a random manner.
To cover, or lie upon, by having been scattered.
To spread abroad; to disseminate.
To populate with at random points; to cause to appear randomly distributed throughout.
senses_topics:
|
7160 | word:
sworn
word_type:
verb
expansion:
sworn
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English sworen, isworen, from Old English sworen, ġesworen, from Proto-West Germanic *swaran, *giswaran, from Proto-Germanic *swaranaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to swear”), equivalent to swear + -en.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of swear
senses_topics:
|
7161 | word:
sworn
word_type:
adj
expansion:
sworn (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English sworen, isworen, from Old English sworen, ġesworen, from Proto-West Germanic *swaran, *giswaran, from Proto-Germanic *swaranaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to swear”), equivalent to swear + -en.
senses_examples:
text:
His sworn statement convinced the judge.
type:
example
text:
a sworn foe
type:
example
text:
a sworn socialist
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Given or declared under oath.
Bound as though by an oath.
Ardent, devout.
senses_topics:
|
7162 | word:
pendente lite
word_type:
phrase
expansion:
pendente lite
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin pendente līte (“awaiting the litigation”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Pending a legal suit in court.
senses_topics:
law |
7163 | word:
droit de seigneur
word_type:
noun
expansion:
droit de seigneur (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Error for or alteration of French droit du seigneur (“lord's right”) (with du becoming de).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The supposed right of the feudal lord to deflower the maiden bride of one of his subjects.
senses_topics:
|
7164 | word:
trodden
word_type:
adj
expansion:
trodden (comparative more trodden, superlative most trodden)
forms:
form:
more trodden
tags:
comparative
form:
most trodden
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
crushed by being walked on.
senses_topics:
|
7165 | word:
trodden
word_type:
verb
expansion:
trodden
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of tread
senses_topics:
|
7166 | word:
unbound
word_type:
verb
expansion:
unbound
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of unbind
senses_topics:
|
7167 | word:
unbound
word_type:
adj
expansion:
unbound (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
The hostages' hands were left unbound.
type:
example
text:
an unbound book
text:
Beneath an old ebony table were two long carved oak chests. I lifted the lid of one, and at the top was a once-white surplice covered with dust, and beneath was a mass of tracts — Commonwealth Quartos, unbound — a prey to worms and decay.
ref:
1880, William Blades, The Enemies of Books, page 40
type:
quotation
text:
Helium-2 is unbound, as it is energetically favorable for it to split into two separate protons.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Not bound; not tied up.
Without a binding.
Lying beyond the proton or neutron drip line; having a negative particle separation energy; capable of decaying by the spontaneous exothermic emission of one or more nucleons.
senses_topics:
|
7168 | word:
curtail
word_type:
verb
expansion:
curtail (third-person singular simple present curtails, present participle curtailing, simple past and past participle curtailed)
forms:
form:
curtails
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
curtailing
tags:
participle
present
form:
curtailed
tags:
participle
past
form:
curtailed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Alteration of curtal, from Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”), itself from court (“short”) (from Latin curtus) + -ault
senses_examples:
text:
Curtailing horses procured long horse-hair.
type:
example
text:
When the audience grew restless, the speaker curtailed her speech.
type:
example
text:
This is the rump of the C.L.C. branch to Southport Lord Street, which lost its passenger services beyond Aintree from January 7, 1952, whereupon the timetable between Gateacre and Aintree was greatly curtailed.
ref:
1960 December, “Talking of Trains: Branch report”, in Trains Illustrated, page 708
type:
quotation
text:
The current Israeli government has been working to curtail and eliminate critical voices within Israeli society in recent years, particularly those fighting to end the occupation and expose human rights violations against Palestinians and marginalized communities.
ref:
2018, “Israeli gov't is trying to defund +972 Magazine, report says”, in +972 Magazine
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To cut short the tail of an animal
To shorten or abridge the duration of something; to truncate.
To limit or restrict, keep in check.
senses_topics:
|
7169 | word:
curtail
word_type:
noun
expansion:
curtail (plural curtails)
forms:
form:
curtails
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Alteration of curtal, from Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”), itself from court (“short”) (from Latin curtus) + -ault
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A scroll termination, as of a step, etc.
senses_topics:
architecture |
7170 | word:
secretary
word_type:
noun
expansion:
secretary (plural secretaries)
forms:
form:
secretaries
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
secretary
secretary (disambiguation)
etymology_text:
From Medieval Latin secrētārius (“one entrusted with secrets”), from Latin secrētus (“private, secret”), past participle of secernere (“to separate, set apart”), from se- (“apart”) + cernere (“to separate”).
senses_examples:
text:
I have a personal secretary to help me organize my clients.
type:
example
text:
The secretary at the school is in charge of communication between parents, students, and staff.
type:
example
text:
Ban Ki-Moon was a secretary general of the United Nations.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Someone entrusted with a secret; a confidant.
Someone employed as a scribe for personal correspondence.
A person who keeps records, takes notes and handles general clerical work.
The head of a department of government.
A managerial or leading position in certain non-profit organizations, such as political parties, trade unions, international organizations.
A type of desk, secretary desk; a secretaire.
A secretary bird, a bird of the species Sagittarius serpentarius.
senses_topics:
|
7171 | word:
secretary
word_type:
verb
expansion:
secretary (third-person singular simple present secretaries, present participle secretarying, simple past and past participle secretaried)
forms:
form:
secretaries
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
secretarying
tags:
participle
present
form:
secretaried
tags:
participle
past
form:
secretaried
tags:
past
wikipedia:
secretary (disambiguation)
etymology_text:
From Medieval Latin secrētārius (“one entrusted with secrets”), from Latin secrētus (“private, secret”), past participle of secernere (“to separate, set apart”), from se- (“apart”) + cernere (“to separate”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To serve as a secretary of.
senses_topics:
|
7172 | word:
wedded
word_type:
adj
expansion:
wedded (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
She was too wedded to the first thought that came into her mind to see that her second idea was better.
type:
example
text:
The future policy of the Bundesbahn in diesel traction is firmly wedded to high-speed engines with hydraulic transmissions, and has standardised on four—possibly five—types.
ref:
1960 November, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part Three”, in Trains Illustrated, page 677
type:
quotation
text:
So instead what we have now is a marriage of inconvenience - and it's fair to say that since then, the two haven't exactly walked hand in hand into the sunset to enjoy a life of wedded bliss.
ref:
2021 September 22, Guillem Balagué, “Barcelona: The toxic battle ripping apart a European giant”, in BBC Sport
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Joined in marriage.
Joined as if in a marriage.
senses_topics:
|
7173 | word:
wedded
word_type:
verb
expansion:
wedded
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
15th c., [1997], Thomas Malory, Eugène Vinaver ed.
And kynge Lott of Lowthean and of Orkenay thenne wedded Margawse that was Gaweyns moder, and kynge Nentres of the land of Garlot wedded Elayne: al this was done at the request of kynge Uther.
text:
Ross the Red, it is said, wedded a Danaan woman, Maga, daughter of Angus Ōg.
ref:
1911, [1990], T. W. Rolleston, Celtic Myths and Legends
type:
quotation
text:
Húrin wedded Morwen Eledhwen of the First House — and their children were Túrin and Nienor.
ref:
1976, [2004], J. E. A. Tyler, The Complete Tolkien Companion
type:
quotation
text:
But when he shall have wedded himself unto that duty so that he hath made it one with him as a bridegroom maketh himself one with his bride, then doth that duty become of a sudden very beautiful unto him and unto others.
ref:
a. 1911 1986, Howard Pyle, The Story of King Arthur and His Knights http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=vALiAcRyBcwC&pg=PA380&lpg=PA380&sig=hOThAAm-raql5gJhpMZzbU1P-T8
text:
1986, St. John Chrysostom, On Marriage and Family Life, Catherine P. Roth & David Anderson tr. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=hbMtKk-kiLMC&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&sig=GVHA-ol3fLhiSzro9HX7X4Rs4hE
She was wedded wearing no golden robe but chastity, piety, generosity, and every other virtue.
text:
Who would have thought she’d already been wedded and bedded?
ref:
2004, Maureen O’Hara, ’Tis Herself
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of wed
senses_topics:
|
7174 | word:
stricken
word_type:
adj
expansion:
stricken (comparative more stricken, superlative most stricken)
forms:
form:
more stricken
tags:
comparative
form:
most stricken
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
stricken
etymology_text:
From Middle English striken, ystriken, from Old English stricen, ġestricen, from Proto-West Germanic *strikan, from Proto-Germanic *strikanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *strīkaną (“to strike”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian strieken, Dutch gestreken, German Low German streken, German gestrichen.
senses_examples:
text:
The town was stricken by a devastating earthquake that left many buildings in ruins.
type:
example
text:
At about twenty past three in the afternoon, these aircraft duly began to arrive. The cruiser Northampton was towing Hornet at a stately five knots when, out of the sky, came seven torpedo-armed aircraft. They managed to miss the barely-moving Hornet with all but one drop... but one hit was really all that it took, the location causing additional damage to the stricken carrier and demolishing most of the repairs that had been made to the earlier damage.
ref:
2021 February 3, Drachinifel, 20:43 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - Santa Cruz (IJN 2 : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-12-04
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Struck by something.
Disabled or incapacitated by something.
Disabled or incapacitated by something.
Having its name removed from a country's naval register, e.g. the United States Naval Vessel Register.
senses_topics:
government
military
nautical
politics
transport
war |
7175 | word:
stricken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
stricken
forms:
wikipedia:
stricken
etymology_text:
From Middle English striken, ystriken, from Old English stricen, ġestricen, from Proto-West Germanic *strikan, from Proto-Germanic *strikanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *strīkaną (“to strike”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian strieken, Dutch gestreken, German Low German streken, German gestrichen.
senses_examples:
text:
Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins like a veteran army that had marched down to drink, only to be stricken motionless at the water’s edge.
ref:
1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of strike
senses_topics:
|
7176 | word:
trod
word_type:
verb
expansion:
trod
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
See tread.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past of tread
senses_topics:
|
7177 | word:
trod
word_type:
verb
expansion:
trod (third-person singular simple present trods, present participle trodding, simple past and past participle trodded)
forms:
form:
trods
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
trodding
tags:
participle
present
form:
trodded
tags:
participle
past
form:
trodded
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English trod, past participle of treden; see tread. Compare Norwegian trod (“a path”).
senses_examples:
text:
Sir ; to me the noble lord seems to trod close in the foot-steps of his fellow-labourers in the ministerial vineyard, and u crow over us with the same reason
ref:
1813, The Parliamentary history of England from the earliest period to the year 1803
type:
quotation
text:
It renders the paths, and the banks of the bayous in that region almost impassable in autumn, until the cattle have trodded it down.
ref:
1833, Timothy Flint, The history and geography of the Mississippi Valley
type:
quotation
text:
They bore him to his chamber, where he lay all pale and tearless, like some broken reed, Some helpless shrub, all crushed and trodded down
ref:
1866, Fanny Fisher, Ainsworth's heir
type:
quotation
text:
Yet alas! I see around me the trodding of the same old paths, each trying to excel the other how to ape the good old ministers who were "very much liked by their parishioners."
ref:
1895, Uchimura Kanzo, The Diary of a Japanese Convert
type:
quotation
text:
Land of mystery and enchantment, continent of contrast and extremes, where adventure awaits those who dare to defy convention and choose to trod the unfamiliar path.
ref:
1962 February, American Motorcyclist, page 16
type:
quotation
text:
Happily, he writes the way he walks: at a vigorous lope, both attentive to the varied soils of the ground he trods and curious about the dust and dandelions over the next hill.
ref:
2007 December 23, Matt Weiland, “Walker in the City”, in New York Times
type:
quotation
text:
And avoid trodding on the inevitably wet soil around the base of the shrubs as you work.
ref:
2009 March 18, Sonia Day, “Nip that gardening zeal in the bud”, in Toronto Star
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To walk heavily or laboriously; plod; tread
senses_topics:
|
7178 | word:
trod
word_type:
noun
expansion:
trod (plural trods)
forms:
form:
trods
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Old English trodu (“track, trace”), from the same source as tread.
senses_examples:
text:
In many ways this process replicates the stone trods or pannierways which date from the mediaeval period and are a feature of many parts of the North York Moors.
ref:
2019, Alan Staniforth, Cleveland Way, page 81
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A track or pathway.
senses_topics:
|
7179 | word:
thank you
word_type:
intj
expansion:
thank you
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English thanke yow; a shortened expression for I thank you.
senses_examples:
text:
“Thank you!” said the girl after her mom gave her a gift.
type:
example
text:
Jun[ius] […] The General has new Wine, new come over. / He muſt have new Acquaintance for it too, / For I will none, I thank ye. / Pet[ilus] None, I thank ye? / A short and touchy answer. None, I thank ye: / Ye do not scorn it, do ye?
ref:
1711, attributed to John Fletcher, “Bonduca, a Tragedy”, in The Works of Mr. Francis Beaumont, and Mr. John Fletcher, volume IV, London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, at Shakespear's Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, →OCLC, act I, scene ii, page 2194
type:
quotation
text:
I had some faint recollection of having a penny-piece in my waistcoat pocket, and, pleased with the service he had rendered to us, I gave it him as his guerdon. "Thank ye, sir—thank ye, sir—thank ye, sir," he cried, and immediately returned to his station near the footway.
ref:
1826 April 22, “G.”, “The Dukedom (from ‘The News of Literature and Fashion, Science and Art.’)”, in The Spirit of the Times; or, Essence of the Periodicals; Concentrating Every Week, All that is Worthy (as Strictly Regarding the Time) of Being Preserved, from the Whole of Our Newspapers, Magazines, &c., volume I, number XXIX, London: Printed by Milne, Banfield, and Duckworth … for J. Scott, →OCLC, page 436, column 1
type:
quotation
text:
"But, thank you, Lucy, oh, thank you," said Mrs. Dalloway, and thank you, thank you, she went on saying (sitting down on the sofa with her dress over her knees, her scissors, her silks), thank you, thank you, she went on saying in gratitude to her servants generally for helping her to be like this, to be what she wanted, gentle, generous-hearted.
ref:
1925 May 14, Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, London: Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC
type:
quotation
text:
Thank you for the music, the songs I'm singing / Thanks for all the joy they're bringing / Who can live without it, I ask in all honesty / What would life be? / Without a song or a dance what are we? / So I say thank you for the music / For giving it to me
ref:
1977 December 12, Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus (lyrics and music), “Thank You for the Music”, in ABBA: The Album, performed by ABBA
type:
quotation
text:
Thank ya, ma'am, thank ya, thank ya, thank ya. He's a good dog. He likes ever'body. He won' be no bother. Thank ya, ma'am, thank ya, thank ya.
ref:
2002, Bill Boyd, “Striking a Deal”, in Stepdaddy: A Creative Memoir, Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, page 96
type:
quotation
text:
Always say "thank you." When in doubt, say "thank you." Say "thank you" even if you think it is not necessary in the circumstances. Whether the recipient thinks it is or is not, it will be appreciated and remembered. It is impossible to say "thank you" too often!
ref:
2007, Jerry Goodwin, “Thank You”, in Thank You: One of Seventeen Rules …: Wonderful for Men and Women of All Ages, [Philadelphia, Pa.]: Xlibris, page 19
type:
quotation
text:
His return text came about an hour later. "I Love you … For all the right reasons," he wrote. "And I'm glad 2 know u feel the true love u have 4 me again … Thank u!! You make me feel like i really am superman!!"
ref:
2014 February, Colin McEvoy, Lynn Olanoff, chapter 13, in Fatal Jealousy: The True Story of a Doomed Romance, a Singular Obsession, and a Quadruple Murder (St. Martin's True Crime Library), New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Paperbacks, page 136
type:
quotation
text:
Adrian Shush. / Carl Thank yu. / Adrian Fer what? / Carl Fer staying. / Adrian Man tell mi to. Nuh thank mi. But you must shush.
ref:
2014, Roy Williams, Kingston 14, London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, act II, page 71
type:
quotation
text:
‘No, come in,’ he said. ‘Martin, right? Have a seat.’ […] ‘Thank you, no, I won’t.’ He moved inside a little more.
ref:
2015, Amy Andrews, Limbo, Sydney, N.S.W.: Escape Publishing
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An expression of gratitude or politeness in response to something done or given.
A polite dismissal; usually used in professional contexts.
senses_topics:
|
7180 | word:
thank you
word_type:
noun
expansion:
thank you (plural thank yous)
forms:
form:
thank yous
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English thanke yow; a shortened expression for I thank you.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative spelling of thank-you.
senses_topics:
|
7181 | word:
w/
word_type:
prep
expansion:
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Abbreviation of with.
senses_topics:
|
7182 | word:
pledge
word_type:
verb
expansion:
pledge (third-person singular simple present pledges, present participle pledging, simple past and past participle pledged)
forms:
form:
pledges
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
pledging
tags:
participle
present
form:
pledged
tags:
participle
past
form:
pledged
tags:
past
wikipedia:
pledge
etymology_text:
From Middle English plege, from Anglo-Norman plege, from Old French plege (Modern French pleige) from Medieval Latin plevium, plebium, from plebiō (“I pledge”), from Frankish *plehan (“to pledge; to support; to guarantee”). Akin to Old High German pflegan (“to take care of, be accustomed to”), Old Saxon plegan (“to vouch for”), Old English plēon (“to risk, endanger”). More at plight.
senses_examples:
text:
pledge allegiance to the flag
type:
example
text:
HARDCASTLE [Taking the cup.] I hope you'll find it to your mind. I have prepared it with my own hands, and I believe you'll own the ingredients are tolerable. Will you be so good as to pledge me, sir? Here, Mr. Marlow, here is to our better acquaintance. [Drinks.]
ref:
1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer
type:
quotation
text:
Reach me my golden cup that stands by thee,
And pledge me in it first for courtesy.
ref:
1852, Matthew Arnold, Tristram and Iseult
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To make a solemn promise (to do something).
To deposit something as a security; to pawn.
To give assurance of friendship by the act of drinking; to drink to one's health.
senses_topics:
|
7183 | word:
pledge
word_type:
noun
expansion:
pledge (plural pledges)
forms:
form:
pledges
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
pledge
etymology_text:
From Middle English plege, from Anglo-Norman plege, from Old French plege (Modern French pleige) from Medieval Latin plevium, plebium, from plebiō (“I pledge”), from Frankish *plehan (“to pledge; to support; to guarantee”). Akin to Old High German pflegan (“to take care of, be accustomed to”), Old Saxon plegan (“to vouch for”), Old English plēon (“to risk, endanger”). More at plight.
senses_examples:
text:
Mr. Biden unveiled the pledge at a White House climate summit for world leaders, declaring that the United States is ready to reclaim a leadership role on climate change.
ref:
2021 April 22, Brad Plumer, Nadja Popovich, “The U.S. Has a New Climate Goal. How Does It Stack Up Globally?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A solemn promise to do something.
A solemn promise to do something.
A promise to abstain from drinking alcohol.
An asset or person temporarily handed over to guarantee the fulfilment of something promised, under threat of permanent loss of the thing handed over; surety, security, hostage.
A bailment of personal property to secure payment of a debt without transfer of title.
A bailment of personal property to secure payment of a debt without transfer of title.
The personal property so pledged, to be kept until the debt is paid.
A person who has taken a pledge of allegiance to a college fraternity, but is not yet formally approved.
A drinking toast.
senses_topics:
law
law
|
7184 | word:
ipse dixit
word_type:
noun
expansion:
ipse dixit (plural ipse dixits)
forms:
form:
ipse dixits
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
ipse dixit
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Latin ipse dīxit (“he himself said it”), calque of Ancient Greek αὐτὸς ἔφα (autòs épha).
Originally used by the followers of Pythagoreanism, who claimed this or that proposition to be uttered by Pythagoras himself. Extended during the Middle Ages to the statements of Aristotle, and more famously used in such contexts.
senses_examples:
text:
Mr. Lincoln has not character enough for integrity and truth, merely on his own ipse dixit, to arraign President Buchanan, President Pierce, and nine Judges of the Supreme Court, not one of whom would be complimented by being put on an equality with him. There is an unpardonable presumption in a man putting himself up before thousands of people, and pretending that his ipse dixit, without proof, without fact, and without truth, is enough to bring down and destroy the purest and best of living men.
ref:
1858 August 21, Stephen A. Douglas, parliamentary debates, Ottawa, Illinois
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A dogmatic and unproved proposition or dictum that is accepted solely on the authority of someone who is known to have asserted it.
An authority who makes such an assertion.
senses_topics:
|
7185 | word:
b-word
word_type:
noun
expansion:
b-word (plural b-words)
forms:
form:
b-words
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
Although some women may casually use the term among friends or as a sign of empowerment, the b-word is still widely considered a particularly aggressive and demeaning insult when hurled at a woman, especially if it comes from a man.
ref:
2016 June 16, Jenna Johnson, “Donald Trump Calls Her 'Crooked Hillary,' but His Fans Just Say 'B----'”, in Washington Post
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Any of various taboo words beginning with the letter B, particularly bitch.
Any word beginning with the letter B, considered (often humorously) to be taboo in its context.
senses_topics:
|
7186 | word:
funeral
word_type:
noun
expansion:
funeral (plural funerals)
forms:
form:
funerals
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
funeral
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Middle French funerailles pl (“funeral rites”), from Medieval Latin fūnerālia (“funeral rites”), originally neuter plural of Late Latin fūnerālis (“having to do with a funeral”), from Latin fūnus (“funeral, death, corpse”), origin unknown, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”). Singular and plural used interchangeably in English until circa 1700. The adjective funereal is first attested 1725, by influence of Middle French funerail, from Latin funereus, from funus. First attested in 1437.
Displaced native Old English līcþeġnung (literally “dead body service”).
senses_examples:
text:
Many mourners turned up at the local artist's funeral to pay homage.
type:
example
text:
The taking Away of Righteous & Merciful Perſons muſt be taken to Heart, APPLIED IN A SERMON AT THE FUNERALLS OF Mʳⁱˢ ANNE-MARY CHILD. Wife of THOMAS CHILD Eſq. of North-wick in the Pariſh of Blockley. Worceſter-ſhire.[…]TO THE Exemplarily Vertuous Gentle-woman, his much honoured friend, Mʳˢ ANNE CHILD, Eldeſt daughter of THOMAS CHILD of Northwicke Eſquire. AS I mean not an exerciſe for your modeſty by a flattering Epiſtle, ſo neither doe I intend the renewing of your ſorrows, by preſenting you with the plaine Sermon preach’t at the funerals of your bleſſed Mother.
ref:
1661, Giles Collier, The Taking Away of Righteous & Merciful Persons Must Be Taken to Heart, Applied in a Sermon at the Funeralls of Mʳⁱˢ Anne-Mary Child. […], Oxford: […] William Hall
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A ceremony to honor and remember a deceased person, often distinguished from a memorial service by the presence of the body of the deceased.
A funeral sermon.
senses_topics:
|
7187 | word:
funeral
word_type:
adj
expansion:
funeral (not generally comparable, comparative more funeral, superlative most funeral)
forms:
form:
more funeral
tags:
comparative
form:
most funeral
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
funeral
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Middle French funerailles pl (“funeral rites”), from Medieval Latin fūnerālia (“funeral rites”), originally neuter plural of Late Latin fūnerālis (“having to do with a funeral”), from Latin fūnus (“funeral, death, corpse”), origin unknown, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”). Singular and plural used interchangeably in English until circa 1700. The adjective funereal is first attested 1725, by influence of Middle French funerail, from Latin funereus, from funus. First attested in 1437.
Displaced native Old English līcþeġnung (literally “dead body service”).
senses_examples:
text:
All was funeral gloom and hope never whispered its cheering promises there.
ref:
1852, Benson John Lossing, The Pictorial Field-book of the Revolution, page 367
type:
quotation
text:
Indeed I felt it altogether beautiful; and, as the "dying day-hymn stole aloft," the dim sun-beams fell, through a vista of naked motionless trees, upon the coffin, which was borne with a slower and more funeral pace than before, in a manner that threw a solemn and visionary light upon the whole procession.
ref:
1869, William Carleton, Tubber Derg: Or, The Red Well, page 166
type:
quotation
text:
There was something dramatic and theatrical in the very funeral ceremonies with which Demetrius was honored.
ref:
1888, Plutarch's Lives: The Translation Called Dryden's - Volume 5, page 153
type:
quotation
text:
The very funeral pageantry disguised behind-the-scenes struggles for control over Sidney's image.
ref:
1998, Lisa M. Klein, The Exemplary Sidney and the Elizabethan Sonneteer, page 15
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative form of funereal
senses_topics:
|
7188 | word:
unusual
word_type:
adj
expansion:
unusual (comparative more unusual, superlative most unusual)
forms:
form:
more unusual
tags:
comparative
form:
most unusual
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From un- + usual.
senses_examples:
text:
Every once in a while, though, Idol comes across an unusual talent who just blows everyone away.
type:
example
text:
It’s definitely not unusual for a couple to meet through friends or be set up on a date.
type:
example
text:
His behavior was unusual in that it was considered childish for a man of his age.
type:
example
text:
I’ve had no problem with female docs. I’ve had some – how should I say it – unusual experiences with a couple of male ones. And I have heard from girlfriends about their unusual experiences as well.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Not usual, out of the ordinary.
senses_topics:
|
7189 | word:
unusual
word_type:
noun
expansion:
unusual (plural unusuals)
forms:
form:
unusuals
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From un- + usual.
senses_examples:
text:
I should say that it was very unusual for such men to leave a bottle half empty. How do all these unusuals strike you, Watson?
ref:
1905, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Return of Sherlock Holmes
type:
quotation
text:
Two of these unusuals have been selected for special effort throughout the season. They are kneeling pads and water-proof garden gloves. During the bulb planting season they are displayed with the bulbs […]
ref:
1939, Pauline Redmond, Wilfrid Redmond, Business paper writing, a career, page 154
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Something that is unusual; an anomaly.
senses_topics:
|
7190 | word:
uphold
word_type:
verb
expansion:
uphold (third-person singular simple present upholds, present participle upholding, simple past upheld, past participle upheld or (archaic) upholden)
forms:
form:
upholds
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
upholding
tags:
participle
present
form:
upheld
tags:
past
form:
upheld
tags:
participle
past
form:
upholden
tags:
archaic
participle
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English upholden, equivalent to up- + hold. Compare Dutch ophouden (“to stop, cease, hold up”), German aufhalten (“to stop, halt, detain”). Compare also Middle Low German upholt, Old Norse upphald (“uphold, support”).
senses_examples:
text:
The mournful train/ Echoed her grief, [...]/ With groans, and hands upheld, to move his mind, /Besought his pity to their helpless kind
ref:
1899, John Dryden, Geoffrey Chaucer, Percival Chubb, Dryden's Palamon and Arcite, page 5
type:
quotation
text:
A man's pride shall bring him low: but honour shall uphold the humble in spirit.
ref:
1769, The King James Bible, Proverbs 29:23
type:
quotation
text:
That misbegotten devil, Falconbridge, /In spite of spite, alone upholds the day.
ref:
1623, William Shakespeare, The Life and Death of King John, Act V, Scene iv
type:
quotation
text:
Uttering such broken ejaculations Mrs. Hart burst into a passion of tears, and only Lord Chetwynde's strong arms prevented her from falling. / He upheld her.
ref:
1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009
type:
quotation
text:
Wednesday June 02, 2021, Has the Northern Ireland Protocol undermined the United Kingdom?
Similarly, both the Government and the EU argued at the time the deal was agreed that they were upholding the Good Friday Agreement by implementing the Protocol.
text:
but there was still a connexion upheld among the different ideas, which succeeded each other.
ref:
1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 18
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To hold up; to lift on high; to elevate.
To keep erect; to support; to sustain; to keep from falling
To support by approval or encouragement, to confirm (something which has been questioned)
senses_topics:
|
7191 | word:
woken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
woken
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Morphologically woke + -n.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of wake
senses_topics:
|
7192 | word:
woken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
woken (third-person singular simple present wokens, present participle wokening, simple past and past participle wokened)
forms:
form:
wokens
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
wokening
tags:
participle
present
form:
wokened
tags:
participle
past
form:
wokened
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From woke + -en.
senses_examples:
text:
The “wokening” industry swallowed Orr's latest incarnation—the new, improved Rory Rabineau—as a perfect antidote to the perceived poison of his uninsurable “mental instability.”
ref:
2022, Bruce Wagner, ROAR: American Master, The Oral Biography of Roger Orr
type:
quotation
text:
Which is why progressivism ain't no religion; it's a cult. Instead of the Ten Commandments, it's political correctness. Instead of any meaningful spiritual awakening, it's a performative wokening.
ref:
2022, Dave Rubin, Don't Burn This Country
type:
quotation
text:
Instead of a grim reminder of reality in which the Black hero survives the ordeal only to be wrongfully dispatched by police—à la Night of the Living Dead—Get Out exudes the hope of an ever-wokening world.
ref:
2023, Robin R. Means Coleman, Mark H. Harris, The Black Guy Dies First
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To make or become woke or woker.
senses_topics:
|
7193 | word:
sweet
word_type:
adj
expansion:
sweet (comparative sweeter, superlative sweetest)
forms:
form:
sweeter
tags:
comparative
form:
sweetest
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
sweet
etymology_text:
From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.
senses_examples:
text:
a sweet apple
type:
example
text:
A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.
ref:
2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, “The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel”, in Wired
type:
quotation
text:
Sweet wines are better dessert wines.
type:
example
text:
sweet butter
type:
example
text:
a sweet scent
type:
example
text:
sweet milk
type:
example
text:
a sweet tune
type:
example
text:
a voice sweet, tremulous, but powerful
ref:
1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, Ticknor and Fields, page 135
type:
quotation
text:
a sweet child
type:
example
text:
You're so sweet!
type:
example
text:
There's something tragic, but almost pure / Think I could love you, but I'm not sure / There's something wholesome, there's something sweet / Tucked in your eyes that I'd love to meet
ref:
2017 April 13, Mitchy Collins, Samantha Derosa, Christian Medice, “Broken”, in Finding It Hard to Smile, performed by Lovelytheband
type:
quotation
text:
It was sweet of him to help out.
type:
example
text:
sweet gas
type:
example
text:
sweet soil
type:
example
text:
sweet crude oil
type:
example
text:
The new Lexus was a sweet birthday gift.
type:
example
text:
Her crew knew that deep in her heart beat engines fit and able to push her blunt old nose ahead at a sweet fourteen knots, come Hell or high water.
ref:
1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 1
type:
quotation
text:
14 November 2014, Steven Haliday, Scotland 1-0 Republic of Ireland: Maloney the hero
GORDON Strachan enjoyed the sweetest of his 16 matches in charge of Scotland so far as his team enhanced their prospects of Euro 2016 qualification with a crucial and deserved victory over Republic of Ireland.
text:
"Visit in two days though," said Tommo. "Hang in there mate, got a joey coming, we'll be sweet then."
ref:
2012, John Hoskison, Inside: One Man's Experience of Prison
type:
quotation
text:
The attraction was mutual and instant; they were sweet on one another from first sight.
type:
example
text:
sweet water
type:
example
text:
The white of an egg, or blood mingled with salt water, doth gather the saltness and maketh the water sweeter; this may be by adhesion.
ref:
1627, Francis Bacon, “Sylva Sylvarum: or A Natural History”, in The Works of Francis Bacon, published 1826, page 66
type:
quotation
text:
Nothing has been found so effectual for preserving water sweet at sea, during long voyages, as charring the insides of the casks well before they are filled.
ref:
1821, Robert Thomas, The modern practice of physic, page 713
type:
quotation
text:
a sweet face
type:
example
text:
a sweet colour or complexion
type:
example
text:
Sweet interchange / Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains.
ref:
1667, John Milton, Paradise lost (source), Samuel Simmons, page 278
text:
For someone who hadn't seen her only sister in over twenty years, Alice sure took her sweet time.
ref:
2014, Rexanne Becnel, Leaving L.A., page 12
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Tasting of sugars.
Retaining a portion of sugar.
Not of a salty taste.
Of a pleasant smell.
Not decaying, fermented, rancid, sour, spoiled, or stale.
Of a pleasant sound.
Of a pleasing disposition.
Of a helpful disposition.
Free from excessive unwanted substances like acid or sulphur.
Very pleasing; agreeable.
Doing well; in a good or happy position.
Romantically fixated; enamored with; fond of.
Fresh; not salt or brackish.
Alkaline.
Pleasing to the eye; beautiful; mild and attractive; fair.
An intensifier.
senses_topics:
beverages
food
lifestyle
oenology
wine
chemistry
geography
geology
mineralogy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
|
7194 | word:
sweet
word_type:
intj
expansion:
sweet
forms:
wikipedia:
sweet
etymology_text:
From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.
senses_examples:
text:
They're making a sequel? Ah, sweet!
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Used as a positive response to good news or information.
senses_topics:
|
7195 | word:
sweet
word_type:
adv
expansion:
sweet (comparative more sweet, superlative most sweet)
forms:
form:
more sweet
tags:
comparative
form:
most sweet
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
sweet
etymology_text:
From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
In a sweet manner.
senses_topics:
|
7196 | word:
sweet
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sweet (countable and uncountable, plural sweets)
forms:
form:
sweets
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
sweet
etymology_text:
From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.
senses_examples:
text:
Can we see the sweet menu, please?
type:
example
text:
"You think that I'll take anything."
"I know you will, sweet..."
"There wasn't going to be any of that. You promised there wouldn't be."
"Well, there is now," she said sweetly.
ref:
1936 Aug., Ernest Hemingway, "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber", Cosmopolitan
text:
Good evening, my sweet.
type:
example
text:
Fear's fire to fervency, which makes love's sweet prove nectar.
ref:
1613, John Marston, William Barksted, The Insatiate Countess, III.2
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The basic taste sensation induced by sugar.
A confection made from sugar, or high in sugar content; a candy.
A food eaten for dessert.
Synonym of sweetheart, a term of affection.
That which is sweet or pleasant in odour; a perfume.
Sweetness, delight; something pleasant to the mind or senses.
senses_topics:
|
7197 | word:
sweet
word_type:
verb
expansion:
sweet (third-person singular simple present sweets, present participle sweeting, simple past and past participle sweeted)
forms:
form:
sweets
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
sweeting
tags:
participle
present
form:
sweeted
tags:
participle
past
form:
sweeted
tags:
past
wikipedia:
sweet
etymology_text:
From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.
senses_examples:
text:
In size and shape it resembles the heart of a calf, and the interior substance is similar to thick cream, sweeted with fine sugar.
ref:
1825, John Breckinridge, C.R. Harrison, Western Luminary ... - Volume 1, page 318
type:
quotation
text:
It might also be given in the form of a mixture — the drug being insoluble in a watery menstruum — suspended by the aid of mucilage and sweeted by any of the various flavoring syrups.
ref:
1890, The Cincinnati Lancet-clinic - Volume 63, page 331
type:
quotation
text:
Bring me now where the warm wind blows, where the grasses sigh, where the sweet-tongued blossom flowers; where the shower, fan soft like a fishermans net thrown through the sweeted air.
ref:
1997, Morag Styles, From the Garden to the Street
type:
quotation
text:
A sour maketh sweets two-fold sweeted.
ref:
2012, Keith Ringkamp, PATIENCE WORTH: A Balm for Every Ill, page 34
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To sweeten.
senses_topics:
|
7198 | word:
stimulate
word_type:
verb
expansion:
stimulate (third-person singular simple present stimulates, present participle stimulating, simple past and past participle stimulated)
forms:
form:
stimulates
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
stimulating
tags:
participle
present
form:
stimulated
tags:
participle
past
form:
stimulated
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Latin stimulātus, perfect passive participle of stimulō (“goad on”), from Latin stimulus (“goad”).
senses_examples:
text:
stimulate the economy
type:
example
text:
stimulate my mind
type:
example
text:
He was sexually stimulated by the dancer's moves.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To encourage into action.
To arouse an organism to functional activity.
senses_topics:
|
7199 | word:
attention
word_type:
noun
expansion:
attention (countable and uncountable, plural attentions)
forms:
form:
attentions
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
attention
etymology_text:
From Middle English attencioun, borrowed from Latin attentio, attentionis, from attendere, past participle attentus (“to attend, give heed to”); see attend.
senses_examples:
text:
Please direct your attention to the following words.
type:
example
text:
Lesper Killey was at her shoulder, jerking at the wash-faded denim of her jumper to get her attention.
ref:
1959, Mari Sandoz, “Bone Joe and the Smokin' Woman”, in Hostiles and Friendlies: Selected Short Writings
type:
quotation
text:
But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen? Or might it have been subterfuge—a disingenuous attempt to shift attention away from the realities of their life at sea.
ref:
2012 March 24, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 87
type:
quotation
text:
For some time past I have been the recipient of very marked attentions from a young lady.
ref:
1910, Stephen Leacock, “How to Avoid Getting Married,”, in Literary Lapses
type:
quotation
text:
The company will now come to attention.
type:
example
text:
The attention mechanism is an important part of these models and plays a very crucial role. Before Transformer models, the attention mechanism was proposed as a helper for improving conventional DL models such as RNNs.
ref:
2021, Savas Yildirim, Meysam Asgari-Chenaghlu, Mastering Transformers […], Packt Publishing Ltd, page 26
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Mental focus.
An action or remark expressing concern for or interest in someone or something, especially romantic interest.
A state of alertness in the standing position.
A technique in neural networks that mimics cognitive attention, enhancing the important parts of the input data while giving less priority to the rest.
senses_topics:
government
military
politics
war
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