id stringlengths 1 7 | text stringlengths 154 333k |
|---|---|
7300 | word:
card
word_type:
noun
expansion:
card (countable and uncountable, plural cards)
forms:
form:
cards
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
card
etymology_text:
From Middle English carde, Old French carde, from Old Occitan carda, deverbal from cardar, from Late Latin *carito, from Latin carō (“to comb with a card”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Material with embedded short wire bristles.
A comb- or brush-like device or tool to raise the nap on a fabric.
A hand-held tool formed similarly to a hairbrush but with bristles of wire or other rigid material. It is used principally with raw cotton, wool, hair, or other natural fibers to prepare these materials for spinning into yarn or thread on a spinning wheel, with a whorl or other hand-held spindle. The card serves to untangle, clean, remove debris from, and lay the fibers straight.
A machine for disentangling the fibres of wool prior to spinning.
A roll or sliver of fibre (as of wool) delivered from a carding machine.
senses_topics:
business
manufacturing
textiles
business
manufacturing
textiles
business
manufacturing
textiles
|
7301 | word:
card
word_type:
verb
expansion:
card (third-person singular simple present cards, present participle carding, simple past and past participle carded)
forms:
form:
cards
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
carding
tags:
participle
present
form:
carded
tags:
participle
past
form:
carded
tags:
past
wikipedia:
card
etymology_text:
From Middle English carden, from Old French carder, from carde (“cotton card”); see Etymology 2 for more.
senses_examples:
text:
"Isn't that true, Bertha? " asked the smith. "Yes, every word of it, my lad," said Mother Bertha, who was sitting near the hearth carding.
ref:
1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 252
type:
quotation
text:
to card a horse
type:
example
text:
the carded wool, he says,
Is smoothly lapp'd around those cylinders
ref:
1757, John Dyer, The Fleece
type:
quotation
text:
It is necessary that this book carded and purged of certain base things.
ref:
1612, Miguel de Cervantes, translated by Thomas Shelton, Don Quixote
type:
quotation
text:
that card your beer, if you see your guests begin to be drunk, half small and half strong
ref:
1592, Robert Greene, A Quip for an Upstart Courtier
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To use a carding device to disentangle the fibres of wool prior to spinning.
To scrape or tear someone’s flesh using a metal comb, as a form of torture.
To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding.
To clean or clear, as if by using a card.
To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article.
senses_topics:
business
manufacturing
textiles
|
7302 | word:
card
word_type:
noun
expansion:
card (plural cards)
forms:
form:
cards
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
card
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Abbreviation of cardinal (“songbird”).
senses_topics:
|
7303 | word:
card
word_type:
noun
expansion:
card (plural cards)
forms:
form:
cards
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
card
etymology_text:
table
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Obsolete form of chard.
senses_topics:
|
7304 | word:
together
word_type:
adv
expansion:
together (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
together
etymology_text:
From Late Middle English together, from earlier togedere, togadere, from Old English tōgædere (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōgadura, *tegadura, from Proto-Germanic *tō (“to”) + *gadar (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, keep”), equivalent to to-₂ + gather. Cognate with Scots thegither (“together”), Old Frisian togadera (whence West Frisian togearre (“together”)), Dutch tegader (“together”), Middle Low German tōgāder (“together”), Middle High German zegater (“together”). Compare also Old English ætgædere (“together”), Old English ġeador (“together”). More at gather.
senses_examples:
text:
We went to school together.
type:
example
text:
[…]purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment.
ref:
1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, translated by John Florio, The Decameron, Containing an Hundred Pleaſant Nouels: Wittily Diſcourſed, Betweene Seuen Honourable Ladies, and Three Noble Gentlemen, Isaac Iaggard, Nouell 8, The Eighth Day
type:
quotation
text:
He put all the parts together.
type:
example
text:
Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.
ref:
a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie.", London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, page 63
type:
quotation
text:
Bob and Andy went into business together. Jenny and Mark have been together since they went on holiday to Mexico.
type:
example
text:
He would weep for hours together, and I verily believe that to the very end this spoilt child of life thought his weak tears in some way efficacious.
ref:
1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 218
type:
quotation
text:
It has been raining four days together
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
At the same time, in the same place; in close association or proximity.
Into one place; into a single thing; combined.
In a relationship or partnership, for example a business relationship or a romantic partnership.
Without intermission or interruption; continuously; uninterruptedly.
senses_topics:
|
7305 | word:
together
word_type:
adj
expansion:
together (comparative more together, superlative most together)
forms:
form:
more together
tags:
comparative
form:
most together
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
together
etymology_text:
From Late Middle English together, from earlier togedere, togadere, from Old English tōgædere (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōgadura, *tegadura, from Proto-Germanic *tō (“to”) + *gadar (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, keep”), equivalent to to-₂ + gather. Cognate with Scots thegither (“together”), Old Frisian togadera (whence West Frisian togearre (“together”)), Dutch tegader (“together”), Middle Low German tōgāder (“together”), Middle High German zegater (“together”). Compare also Old English ætgædere (“together”), Old English ġeador (“together”). More at gather.
senses_examples:
text:
He’s really together.
type:
example
text:
Youthful, former fashion model & dancer needs to find a serious, together individual to call his own.
ref:
1991 April 19, Russell T. Hartsaw, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, page 14
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Coherent; well-organized.
senses_topics:
|
7306 | word:
separate
word_type:
adj
expansion:
separate (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin sēparātus, perfect passive participle of sēparāre (“to separate”), from sē (“apart”) + parō (“prepare”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“produce, procure, bring forward, bring forth”). Displaced Middle English scheden, from Old English scēadan (whence English shed).
senses_examples:
text:
This chair can be disassembled into five separate pieces.
type:
example
text:
I try to keep my personal life separate from work.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Apart from (the rest); not connected to or attached to (anything else).
Not together (with); not united (to).
senses_topics:
|
7307 | word:
separate
word_type:
verb
expansion:
separate (third-person singular simple present separates, present participle separating, simple past and past participle separated)
forms:
form:
separates
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
separating
tags:
participle
present
form:
separated
tags:
participle
past
form:
separated
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin sēparātus, perfect passive participle of sēparāre (“to separate”), from sē (“apart”) + parō (“prepare”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“produce, procure, bring forward, bring forth”). Displaced Middle English scheden, from Old English scēadan (whence English shed).
senses_examples:
text:
Separate the articles from the headings.
type:
example
text:
If the kids get too noisy, separate them for a few minutes.
type:
example
text:
It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: […]; […]; or perhaps to muse on the irrelevance of the borders that separate nation states and keep people from understanding their shared environment.
ref:
2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36
type:
quotation
text:
The sauce will separate if you don't keep stirring.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To divide (a thing) into separate parts.
To disunite from a group or mass; to disconnect.
To cause (things or people) to be separate.
To divide itself into separate pieces or substances.
To set apart; to select from among others, as for a special use or service.
senses_topics:
|
7308 | word:
separate
word_type:
noun
expansion:
separate (plural separates)
forms:
form:
separates
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin sēparātus, perfect passive participle of sēparāre (“to separate”), from sē (“apart”) + parō (“prepare”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“produce, procure, bring forward, bring forth”). Displaced Middle English scheden, from Old English scēadan (whence English shed).
senses_examples:
text:
French taffeta evening separates – a puffball skirt, and a ruffled blouse – were pressed flat to drag them up to date.
ref:
2017 October 2, Jess Cartner-Morle, “Stella McCartney lays waste to disposable fashion in Paris”, in the Guardian
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Anything that is sold by itself, especially articles of clothing such as blouses, skirts, jackets, and pants.
A printing of an article from a periodical as its own distinct publication and distributed independently, often with different page numbers.
senses_topics:
bibliography
computing
engineering
human-sciences
information-science
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences |
7309 | word:
cemetery
word_type:
noun
expansion:
cemetery (plural cemeteries)
forms:
form:
cemeteries
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English cimiterie, from Old French cimitiere, from Medieval Latin cimitērium, from Late Latin coemētērium, from Ancient Greek κοιμητήριον (koimētḗrion), from κοιμάω (koimáō, “I put to sleep”); compare cœmeterium. Displaced native Old English līctūn.
senses_examples:
text:
They were probably the work of individual craftsmen working to meet the chieftains' needs. Their place in the chronology of the big cemeteries is indicated by the less richly-decorated double-springed bronze brooches which are found here.
ref:
1970, Kazimierz Godłowski, “The chronology of the Late Roman and early migration periods in Central Europe”, in Acta scientiarum litterarumque: Schedae archeologicae, Nakładem Uniwersytetu Jagiellonśkiego, page 22
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A place where the dead are buried; a graveyard or memorial park.
senses_topics:
|
7310 | word:
taken
word_type:
adj
expansion:
taken (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
taken (disambiguation)
etymology_text:
From Middle English taken, takenn, from Old English tacen, *ġetacen, from Old Norse tekinn, from Proto-Germanic *tēkanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to take; grasp; touch”). Cognate with Scots takin, tane, Danish tagen, Swedish tagen, Icelandic tekin.
Morphologically take + -n.
senses_examples:
text:
He was very taken with the girl, I hear.
type:
example
text:
I can't ask her out, she's taken.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Infatuated; fond of or attracted to.
In a serious romantic relationship.
senses_topics:
|
7311 | word:
taken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
taken
forms:
wikipedia:
taken (disambiguation)
etymology_text:
From Middle English taken, takenn, from Old English tacen, *ġetacen, from Old Norse tekinn, from Proto-Germanic *tēkanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to take; grasp; touch”). Cognate with Scots takin, tane, Danish tagen, Swedish tagen, Icelandic tekin.
Morphologically take + -n.
senses_examples:
text:
No doubt many a journey you have rode and gone, and many a hard daies labour you have taken, and ſharpened perhaps with care and grief[…]
ref:
1662, John Baxter, A Saint Or a Brute […], page 26
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of take
senses_topics:
|
7312 | word:
sparrowhawk
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sparrowhawk (plural sparrowhawks)
forms:
form:
sparrowhawks
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Sparrowhawk (disambiguation)
etymology_text:
From Middle English sparhauk, sperhauk, from Old English spearhafoc, spearhabuc (“sparrow-hawk”), from Proto-West Germanic *sparwahabuk, from Proto-Germanic *sparwahabukaz, equivalent to sparrow + hawk. Cognate with Danish spurvehøg (“sparrowhawk”), Swedish sparvhök (“sparrowhawk”), Icelandic sparrhaukur (“sparrowhawk”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus, a small, short-winged European hawk that preys on smaller birds.
A Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus, a small, short-winged European hawk that preys on smaller birds.
A female such bird, a male being a musket.
Any of numerous other relatively small birds of Old World species of Accipiter, that prey on smaller birds or otherwise resemble A. nisus.
Alternative form of sparrow hawk; American kestrel, Falco sparverius, of similar size and habit.
senses_topics:
falconry
hobbies
hunting
lifestyle
|
7313 | word:
understood
word_type:
adj
expansion:
understood (comparative more understood, superlative most understood)
forms:
form:
more understood
tags:
comparative
form:
most understood
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Having been comprehended.
senses_topics:
|
7314 | word:
understood
word_type:
verb
expansion:
understood
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of understand
senses_topics:
|
7315 | word:
understood
word_type:
intj
expansion:
understood
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Indicates comprehension on the part of the speaker.
senses_topics:
|
7316 | word:
machine
word_type:
noun
expansion:
machine (plural machines)
forms:
form:
machines
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. Displaced native Old English searu.
senses_examples:
text:
An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
ref:
2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly)
type:
quotation
text:
As the aviator turned his machine to reconnoitre in the new direction, he was surprised to see the hostile aeroplane between him and his objective.
ref:
1914 July, F. Britten Austin, “The Air-Scout”, in The Strand Magazine, volume XLVIII, London: George Newnes, Ltd., page 568
type:
quotation
text:
"Joe, how soon will you be ready to roll?" Frank Hardy burst into the garage where his brother was working on a sleek, black-and-silver motorcycle. "Right now, if this machine kicks over," Joe replied, putting down a wrench.
ref:
1928, Franklin W. Dixon, The Missing Chums, Grosset & Dunlap, page 1
type:
quotation
text:
I called you earlier, but all I got was the machine.
type:
example
text:
Game developers assume they're pushing the limits of the machine.
type:
example
text:
He refuses to turn off his Linux machine.
type:
example
text:
Bruce Campbell was a "demon-killing machine" because he made quick work of killing demons.
type:
example
text:
The government has become a money-making machine.
type:
example
text:
A machine politician cannot see why the straight ticket (as be and his clique of party bosses prepare it) should not be voted by every citizen belonging to that party.
ref:
1902, The Friend
type:
quotation
text:
In essence, therefore, the right-fork strategy of the Democrats meant an alliance of the South with the political machines built on the non-Protestant immigrants in key Northeastern states.
ref:
2006, Jerry F. Hough, Changing Party Coalitions: The Mystery of the Red State-blue State Alignment, Algora Publishing, page 37
type:
quotation
text:
He was thrust into a political maelstrom for which he was ill-prepared, and yet he was, most notably, the Chicago machine's political savior.
ref:
2013, Paul M. Green, Melvin G. Holli, The Mayors: The Chicago Political Tradition, fourth edition, SIU Press, page 126
type:
quotation
text:
One Machine only was provided for Bathers, the Limitted smoothness of the sands not extending widely enough to admit another.
ref:
1823, Frances Burney, Journals and Letters, Penguin, published 2001, page 512
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A device that directs and controls energy, often in the form of movement or electricity, to produce a certain effect.
A vehicle operated mechanically, such as an automobile or an airplane.
An answering machine or, by extension, voice mail.
A computer.
A person or organisation that seemingly acts like a machine, being particularly efficient, single-minded, or unemotional.
Especially, the group that controls a political or similar organization; a combination of persons acting together for a common purpose, with the agencies which they use.
Supernatural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being introduced to perform some exploit.
The system of special interest groups that supports a political party, especially in urban areas.
Penis.
A contrivance in the Ancient Greek theatre for indicating a change of scene, by means of which a god might cross the stage or deliver a divine message; the deus ex machina.
A bathing machine.
senses_topics:
communications
electrical-engineering
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
telecommunications
telephony
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
communications
journalism
literature
media
poetry
publishing
writing
government
politics
|
7317 | word:
machine
word_type:
verb
expansion:
machine (third-person singular simple present machines, present participle machining, simple past and past participle machined)
forms:
form:
machines
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
machining
tags:
participle
present
form:
machined
tags:
participle
past
form:
machined
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. Displaced native Old English searu.
senses_examples:
text:
Engineering materials have been recently developed whose hardness and strength are considerably increased, such that the cutting speed and the MRR tend to fall when machining such materials using traditional methods like turning, milling, grinding, and so on.
ref:
2015, Helmi A. Youssef, Machining of Stainless Steels and Super Alloys, John Wiley & Sons, page 6
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To make by machinery.
To shape or finish by machinery; (usually, more specifically) to shape subtractively by metal-cutting with machine-controlled toolpaths.
senses_topics:
|
7318 | word:
spoiled
word_type:
verb
expansion:
spoiled
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of spoil
senses_topics:
|
7319 | word:
spoiled
word_type:
adj
expansion:
spoiled (comparative more spoiled, superlative most spoiled)
forms:
form:
more spoiled
tags:
comparative
form:
most spoiled
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
That has deteriorated to the point of no longer being usable or edible.
The state of being heavily pampered.
Having a selfish or greedy character due to pampering.
senses_topics:
|
7320 | word:
parasol
word_type:
noun
expansion:
parasol (plural parasols)
forms:
form:
parasols
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
parasol
etymology_text:
From French parasol, from Italian parasole, from para- (“to shield”) + sole (“sun”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A small light umbrella used as protection from the sun.
A miniature paper umbrella used as a decoration in tropical-themed cocktails.
A sun umbrella for garden use etc., mounted on a stand; these can be foldable and demountable.
A roof or covering of a structure designed to provide cover from wind, rain, or sun.
Any of various Asian species of libellulid dragonfly of the genus Neurothemis.
A parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera)
senses_topics:
architecture
|
7321 | word:
parasol
word_type:
verb
expansion:
parasol (third-person singular simple present parasols, present participle parasoling or parasolling, simple past and past participle parasoled or parasolled)
forms:
form:
parasols
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
parasoling
tags:
participle
present
form:
parasolling
tags:
participle
present
form:
parasoled
tags:
participle
past
form:
parasoled
tags:
past
form:
parasolled
tags:
participle
past
form:
parasolled
tags:
past
wikipedia:
parasol
etymology_text:
From French parasol, from Italian parasole, from para- (“to shield”) + sole (“sun”).
senses_examples:
text:
Now old ladies, who dare venture a-shopping, go parasolling their withered perfections along, and entertain a decided dread of injuring the immaterial whiteness of their skins, which have ceased to he compared to "lilies" and "snows," and other sonnet-like similes, for more than thirty summers […]
ref:
1826, The Monthly Magazine, page 161
type:
quotation
text:
[…] the buffaloes in the mire, and rows of trees parasolling houses along the waterways.
ref:
2013, Geoff Ryman, The King's Last Song, page 19
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To protect with, or as if with, a parasol; to shade.
senses_topics:
|
7322 | word:
undertake
word_type:
verb
expansion:
undertake (third-person singular simple present undertakes, present participle undertaking, simple past undertook, past participle undertaken)
forms:
form:
undertakes
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
undertaking
tags:
participle
present
form:
undertook
tags:
past
form:
undertaken
tags:
participle
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).
senses_examples:
text:
He undertook to exercise more in future.
type:
example
text:
[…] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.
ref:
1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223
type:
quotation
text:
Soo it happend in Spayne there was an Erles sone his name was Alphegus / and at a grete turnement in spayn this syre Vrre knyghte of Hongry and sir Alphegus of spayne encountred to gyders for veray enuy / and soo eyther vndertook other to the Vtteraunce.
"So it happened in Spain there was an earl’s son, his name was Alphegus, and at a great tournament in Spain this Sir Urre, knight of Hungary, and Sir Alphegus of Spain encountered together for very envy; and so either undertook other to the utterance."
ref:
1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).
To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).
To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.
To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.
To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.
To assume, as a character; to take on.
To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.
To have knowledge of; to hear.
To have or take charge of.
senses_topics:
|
7323 | word:
undertake
word_type:
noun
expansion:
undertake (plural undertakes)
forms:
form:
undertakes
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.
senses_topics:
|
7324 | word:
threat
word_type:
noun
expansion:
threat (plural threats)
forms:
form:
threats
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English threte, thret, thrat, thræt, threat, from Old English þrēat (“crowd, swarm, troop, army, press; pressure, trouble, calamity, oppression, force, violence, threat”), from Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, closely tied to Proto-Germanic *þrautą (“displeasure, complaint, grievance, labour, toil”), from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze, push, press”), whence also Middle Low German drōt (“threat, menace, danger”), Middle High German drōz (“annoyance, disgust, horror, terror, fright”), Icelandic þraut (“struggle, labour, distress”), Russian труд (trud, “work, labour”), Polish trud (“hard work”), Latin trūdō (“push”, verb).
senses_examples:
text:
At the height of the crisis, according to a retired SAC wing commander, SAC airborne alert bombers deliberately flew past their turnaround points toward Soviet airspace, an unambiguous threat which Soviet radar operators would certainly have recognized and reported. "I knew what my target was," the SAC general adds: "Leningrad." The bombers only turned around when the Soviet freighters carrying missiles to Cuba stopped dead in the Atlantic.
ref:
1995, Richard Rhodes, “Scorpions in a Bottle”, in Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb, New York: Simon & Schuster, page 575
type:
quotation
text:
Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction.
ref:
2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3
type:
quotation
text:
Rooney's United team-mate Chris Smalling was given his debut at right-back and was able to adjust to the international stage in relatively relaxed fashion as Bulgaria barely posed a threat of any consequence.
ref:
2011 September 2, Phil McNulty, “Bulgaria 0-3 England”, in BBC
type:
quotation
text:
Japan applauds NATO’s identification of China as a threat in the Strategic Concept. The document notes that China poses “systemic challenges” and declared the “deepening strategic partnership” between Moscow and Beijing as one of its main priorities. Significantly, it explained that developments in distant theaters can “directly affect” trans-Atlantic security.
ref:
2022 July 1, The Japan Times Editorial Board, “Groundbreaking NATO summit means work for Japan”, in The Japan Times, archived from the original on 2022-07-01, Editorials
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An expression of intent to injure or punish another.
An indication of potential or imminent danger.
A person or object that is regarded as a danger; a menace.
senses_topics:
|
7325 | word:
threat
word_type:
verb
expansion:
threat (third-person singular simple present threats, present participle threating, simple past and past participle threated)
forms:
form:
threats
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
threating
tags:
participle
present
form:
threated
tags:
participle
past
form:
threated
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English threten, from Old English þrēatian (“to press, oppress, repress, correct, threaten”). Akin to Middle Dutch drōten (“to threaten”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To press; urge; compel.
To threaten.
To use threats; act or speak menacingly; threaten.
senses_topics:
|
7326 | word:
skirt
word_type:
noun
expansion:
skirt (plural skirts)
forms:
form:
skirts
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
skirt
etymology_text:
From Middle English skyrte, from Old Norse skyrta, from Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ. Doublet of shirt. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Skoarte (“apron”), Dutch schort (“apron”), German Schürze (“apron”), Danish skørt (“skirt”), Swedish skört (“hem of a jacket”), Norwegian skjørt (“skirt”).
senses_examples:
text:
"I like purple best," said Maida. "And old Schlegel has promised to make it for $8. It's going to be lovely. I'm going to have a plaited skirt and a blouse coat trimmed with a band of galloon under a white cloth collar with two rows of—"
ref:
c. 1907, O. Henry, The Purple Dress
type:
quotation
text:
The petticoats and skirts ordinarily worn are decidedly the heaviest part of the dress ; hence it is necessary that some reform should be effected in these.
ref:
1885, Ada S. Ballin, chapter XI, in The Science of Dress in Theory and Practice
type:
quotation
text:
“It's all clear,” he whispered. “Have you the chisel and the bags? Great Scott! Jump, Archie, jump, and I'll swing for it!”
Sherlock Holmes had sprung out and seized the intruder by the collar. The other dived down the hole, and I heard the sound of rending cloth as Jones clutched at his skirts.
ref:
1891, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Red-Headed League
type:
quotation
text:
A narrow lace, or a small skirt of fine ruffled linen, which runs along the upper part of the stays before, and crosses the breast, being a part of the tucker, is called the modesty piece.
ref:
July 27, 1713, Joseph Addison, The Guardian no. 118
text:
"Mate," said the Cockney, after we'd finished about half the bottle, "it comes to me that we're a couple o' blightin' idjits to be workin' for a skirt."
"What d'ya mean?" I asked, taking a pull at the bottle.
"Well, 'ere's us, two red-blooded 'e-men, takin' orders from a lousy little frail, 'andin' the swag h'over to 'er, and takin' wot she warnts to 'and us, w'en we could 'ave the 'ole lot. Take this job 'ere now--"
ref:
1931, Robert E. Howard, Alleys of Peril
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An article of clothing, usually worn by women and girls, that hangs from the waist and covers the lower part of the body.
The part of a dress or robe, etc., that hangs below the waist.
A loose edging to any part of a dress.
A petticoat.
A woman.
Women collectively, in a sexual context.
Sexual intercourse with a woman.
The border; edge; margin; extreme part of anything.
The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals.
senses_topics:
|
7327 | word:
skirt
word_type:
verb
expansion:
skirt (third-person singular simple present skirts, present participle skirting, simple past and past participle skirted)
forms:
form:
skirts
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
skirting
tags:
participle
present
form:
skirted
tags:
participle
past
form:
skirted
tags:
past
wikipedia:
skirt
etymology_text:
From Middle English skyrte, from Old Norse skyrta, from Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ. Doublet of shirt. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Skoarte (“apron”), Dutch schort (“apron”), German Schürze (“apron”), Danish skørt (“skirt”), Swedish skört (“hem of a jacket”), Norwegian skjørt (“skirt”).
senses_examples:
text:
The plain was skirted by rows of trees.
type:
example
text:
The lofty mountains roſe faint to the ſight and loſt their foreheads in the diſtant ſkies: the little hills, cloathed in darker green and ſkirted with embroidered vales, diſcovered the ſecret haunts of kids and bounding roes.
ref:
1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page iv
type:
quotation
text:
skirt a mountain
type:
example
text:
As we skirted the shores of the Dornoch Firth, between Tain and Bonar Bridge, the views across the water to the Sutherland mountains were particularly fine in the early morning sunshine.
ref:
1950 January, Arthur F. Beckenham, “With British Railways to the Far North”, in Railway Magazine, page 6
type:
quotation
text:
A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays. […] This would also let high-speed trains skirt cities as moving platforms ferry passengers to and from the city centre.
ref:
2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly)
type:
quotation
text:
I'd forgotten how scenic parts of the line are - the railway crosses a host of streams while meandering through meadows or skirting woodland.
ref:
2020 November 18, Paul Bigland, “New infrastructure and new rolling stock”, in Rail, page 51
type:
quotation
text:
He skirted the issue of which parties to attend by staying at home instead.
type:
example
text:
To be clear: I’m not saying Katyal helped a large corporation skirt child slavery laws, I’m just saying that he is the sort of guy who is a typical Burning Man attendee these days: the establishment in a goofy hat.
ref:
2023 September 5, Arwa Mahdawi, “Why all the Burning Man schadenfreude? Where do I start ...”, in The Guardian, →ISSN
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To be on or form the border of.
To move around or along the border of; to avoid the center of.
To cover with a skirt; to surround.
To avoid or ignore (something); to manage to avoid (something or a problem); to skate by (something).
senses_topics:
|
7328 | word:
impact
word_type:
noun
expansion:
impact (countable and uncountable, plural impacts)
forms:
form:
impacts
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Attested since the 17th century, from Latin impāctus.
senses_examples:
text:
The hatchet cut the wood on impact.
type:
example
text:
His spine had an impingement; L4 and L5 made impact, which caused numbness in his leg.
type:
example
text:
His friend's opinion had an impact on his decision.
type:
example
text:
Our choice of concrete will have a tremendous impact on the building's mechanical performance.
type:
example
text:
One way to reduce the environmental impact of meat eating is to make livestock more productive.
ref:
2016, Jayson Lusk, Unnaturally Delicious, page 111
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The striking of one body against another; collision.
The force or energy of a collision of two objects.
A forced impinging.
A significant or strong influence or effect.
senses_topics:
medicine
sciences
|
7329 | word:
impact
word_type:
verb
expansion:
impact (third-person singular simple present impacts, present participle impacting, simple past and past participle impacted)
forms:
form:
impacts
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
impacting
tags:
participle
present
form:
impacted
tags:
participle
past
form:
impacted
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Attested since the 17th century, from Latin impāctus.
senses_examples:
text:
When the hammer impacts the nail, it bends.
type:
example
text:
The footprints of birds do not impact the soil in the way those of dinosaurs do.
type:
example
text:
I can make the changes, but it will impact the schedule.
type:
example
text:
Ideas impacted on the mind.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To collide or strike, the act of impinging.
To compress; to compact; to press into something or pack together.
To significantly or strongly influence or affect; to have an impact on.
To stamp or impress onto something.
senses_topics:
|
7330 | word:
canal
word_type:
noun
expansion:
canal (plural canals)
forms:
form:
canals
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
canal
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Middle French canal, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canālis (“canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of channel.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
A tubular channel within the body.
One of the faint, hazy markings resembling straight lines on early telescopic images of the surface of Mars; see Martian canals
senses_topics:
anatomy
medicine
sciences
astronomy
natural-sciences |
7331 | word:
canal
word_type:
verb
expansion:
canal (third-person singular simple present canals, present participle canaling or canalling, simple past and past participle canaled or canalled)
forms:
form:
canals
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
canaling
tags:
participle
present
form:
canalling
tags:
participle
present
form:
canaled
tags:
participle
past
form:
canaled
tags:
past
form:
canalled
tags:
participle
past
form:
canalled
tags:
past
wikipedia:
canal
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Middle French canal, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canālis (“canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of channel.
senses_examples:
text:
In the mangrove-type salt marsh, the entire marsh must be canaled or impounded.
ref:
1968, Louisiana State University, Proceedings, page 165
type:
quotation
text:
Near Rotterdam we canalled by Delfthaven.
ref:
1905, William Yoast Morgan, A Journey of a Jayhawker, page 211
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To dig an artificial waterway in or to (a place), especially for drainage
To travel along a canal by boat
senses_topics:
|
7332 | word:
disdain
word_type:
noun
expansion:
disdain (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
disdain
etymology_text:
From Middle English disdeynen, from Old French desdeignier (modern French dédaigner).
senses_examples:
text:
The cat viewed the cheap supermarket catfood with disdain and stalked away.
type:
example
text:
Everything that could go right for England did although they never felt lucky and they chuckled at Kane’s third that ricocheted off his heel while he was looking the other way. Somewhere in the Moscow outskirts one could only guess at the grand disdain Cristiano Ronaldo will have felt at being supplanted as the tournament’s top scorer in that manner.
ref:
2018 June 24, Sam Wallace, “Harry Kane scores hat-trick as England hit Panama for six to secure World Cup knock-out qualification”, in Telegraph (UK), retrieved 2018-06-24
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A feeling of contempt or scorn.
That which is worthy to be disdained or regarded with contempt and aversion.
The state of being despised; shame.
senses_topics:
|
7333 | word:
disdain
word_type:
verb
expansion:
disdain (third-person singular simple present disdains, present participle disdaining, simple past and past participle disdained)
forms:
form:
disdains
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
disdaining
tags:
participle
present
form:
disdained
tags:
participle
past
form:
disdained
tags:
past
wikipedia:
disdain
etymology_text:
From Middle English disdeynen, from Old French desdeignier (modern French dédaigner).
senses_examples:
text:
The Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, is but the apostle of God and His Word, […] The Messiah doth surely not disdain to be a servant of God, nor do the angels who are nigh to Him; and whosoever disdains His service and is too proud, He will gather them altogether to Himself. But as for those who believe and do what is right, He will pay their hire and will give increase to them of His grace. But as for those who disdain and are too proud, He will punish them with a grievous woe, and they shall not find for them other than God a patron or a help.
ref:
1880, “Women”, in Edward Henry Palmer, transl., The Qur'an, verse 170
type:
quotation
text:
The country’s first black president, and its first president to reach adulthood after the Vietnam War and Watergate, Mr. Obama seemed like a digital-age leader who could at last dislodge the stalemate between those who clung to the government of the Great Society, on the one hand, and those who disdained the very idea of government, on the other.
ref:
2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To regard (someone or something) with strong contempt.
To be indignant or offended.
senses_topics:
|
7334 | word:
incorporate
word_type:
verb
expansion:
incorporate (third-person singular simple present incorporates, present participle incorporating, simple past and past participle incorporated)
forms:
form:
incorporates
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
incorporating
tags:
participle
present
form:
incorporated
tags:
participle
past
form:
incorporated
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English, from Late Latin incorporātus, perfect passive participle of incorporō (“to embody, to incorporate”), from in- (“in”) + corpus, corporis (“body”).
senses_examples:
text:
The design of his house incorporates a spiral staircase.
type:
example
text:
to incorporate another's ideas into one's work
type:
example
text:
In spite of their small size and low weight, many technical developments which have proved themselves in main-line service have been incorporated, and a novelty in the 2-6-0-type is a tender cab to improve the conditions of tender-first running.
ref:
1947 March and April, “L.M.S.R. Locomotive Developments”, in Railway Magazine, page 66
type:
quotation
text:
The new cars incorporate many features first introduced in the 1938 tube stock, but major changes include the use of rubber for the bogie bolster and axlebox suspension, fluorescent lighting, and the panelling of the cars in unpainted aluminium alloy.
ref:
1960 February, “The first of London's new Piccadilly Line trains is delivered”, in Trains Illustrated, page 93
type:
quotation
text:
Incorporate air into the mixture by whisking.
type:
example
text:
The company was incorporated in 1980.
type:
example
text:
do not deny , that there was such an Opinion among the Heathens , that Spirits might possess Images , and be incorporated with them
ref:
1710, Edward Stillingfleet, Several Conferences Between a Romish Priest, a Fanatick Chaplain, and a Divine of the Church of England Concerning the Idolatry of the Church of Rome
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To include (something) as a part.
To mix (something in) as an ingredient; to blend
To admit as a member of a company
To form into a legal company.
To include (another clause or guarantee of the US constitution) as a part (of the Fourteenth Amendment, such that the clause binds not only the federal government but also state governments).
To form into a body; to combine, as different ingredients, into one consistent mass.
To unite with a material body; to give a material form to; to embody.
senses_topics:
law
|
7335 | word:
incorporate
word_type:
adj
expansion:
incorporate (comparative more incorporate, superlative most incorporate)
forms:
form:
more incorporate
tags:
comparative
form:
most incorporate
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English, from Late Latin incorporātus, perfect passive participle of incorporō (“to embody, to incorporate”), from in- (“in”) + corpus, corporis (“body”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Corporate; incorporated; made one body, or united in one body; associated; mixed together; combined; embodied.
senses_topics:
|
7336 | word:
incorporate
word_type:
adj
expansion:
incorporate (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From in- (“not”) + corporate.
senses_examples:
text:
The air vibrated at a white-hot temperature, the stones seemed to be trembling silently, ready to flow, and in the distance, at a curve of the road, the files of men, guns and horses seemed detached from the earth, and trembled like a mass of jelly in their onward progress, and it seemed to me that they were not living people that I saw before me, but an army of incorporate shadows.
ref:
1905, Leonid Andreyev, translated by Alexandra Linden, The Red Laugh: Fragments of a Discovered Manuscript
type:
quotation
text:
an incorporate banking association
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; incorporeal; spiritual.
Not incorporated; not existing as a corporation.
senses_topics:
|
7337 | word:
strive
word_type:
verb
expansion:
strive (third-person singular simple present strives, present participle striving, simple past strove or strived, past participle striven or strived or (nonstandard, colloquial) strove)
forms:
form:
strives
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
striving
tags:
participle
present
form:
strove
tags:
past
form:
strived
tags:
past
form:
striven
tags:
participle
past
form:
strived
tags:
participle
past
form:
strove
tags:
colloquial
nonstandard
participle
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj-simple
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
strive
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English striven (“to strive”), from Old French estriver (“to compete, quarrel”), from Frankish *strīban (“to exert, make an effort”) from Proto-Germanic *strībaną, or from Frankish *stribēn (“to strive”) from Proto-Germanic *stribāną.
senses_examples:
text:
He strove to excel.
type:
example
text:
We strive for the truth.
type:
example
text:
Though the writer has striven to dwell on aspects that have passed, or are passing away, it will be apparent that many features of Midland practice have been adopted as standard for the L.M.S.R. and other railways.
ref:
1946 May and June, J. Alan Rannie, “The Midland of 35 Years Ago”, in Railway Magazine, page 200
type:
quotation
text:
Moreover, on several occasions, terminus stations such as Nine Elms, Bishop's Bridge, Maiden Lane and Bishopgate were built rather further away from the centre of London, only to be dispensed with as the various railway companies strove to get as near as possible to the lucrative markets of the City and the West End.
ref:
2021 January 13, Christian Wolmar, “Read all about London's Cathedrals of Steam”, in RAIL, number 922, page 62
type:
quotation
text:
to strive against fate
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To try to achieve a result; to make strenuous effort; to try earnestly and persistently.
To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to contend; to contest.
To vie; to compete as a rival.
senses_topics:
|
7338 | word:
strive
word_type:
noun
expansion:
strive (plural strives)
forms:
form:
strives
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative form of strife
senses_topics:
|
7339 | word:
attempt
word_type:
verb
expansion:
attempt (third-person singular simple present attempts, present participle attempting, simple past and past participle attempted)
forms:
form:
attempts
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
attempting
tags:
participle
present
form:
attempted
tags:
participle
past
form:
attempted
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Late 14th century, as Middle English attempten, from Old French atempter, from Latin attemptō (“I try, solicit”), from ad (“to”) + temptare, more correctly tentare (“to try”); see tempt.
The noun is from the 1530s, the sense "an assault on somebody's life, assassination attempt" (French attentat) is from 1580.
senses_examples:
text:
to attempt an escape from prison
type:
example
text:
I attempted to sing, but my throat was too hoarse.
type:
example
text:
A group of 80 budding mountaineers attempted Kilimanjaro, but 30 of them didn’t make it to the top.
type:
example
text:
Something attempted, something done, / Has earned a night's repose.
ref:
1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Village Blacksmith
type:
quotation
text:
Some poems, echoing the purpose of early poetic treatises on scientific principles, attempt to elucidate the mathematical concepts that underlie prime numbers. Others play with primes’ cultural associations. Still others derive their structure from mathematical patterns involving primes.
ref:
2013 July-August, Sarah Glaz, “Ode to Prime Numbers”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4
type:
quotation
text:
one who attempts the virtue of a woman
type:
example
text:
to attempt the enemy’s camp
type:
example
text:
without attempting his adversary’s life
ref:
1830, John Motley, The Rise of the Dutch Republic
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To try.
To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations; to tempt.
To try to win, subdue, or overcome.
To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force.
senses_topics:
|
7340 | word:
attempt
word_type:
noun
expansion:
attempt (plural attempts)
forms:
form:
attempts
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Late 14th century, as Middle English attempten, from Old French atempter, from Latin attemptō (“I try, solicit”), from ad (“to”) + temptare, more correctly tentare (“to try”); see tempt.
The noun is from the 1530s, the sense "an assault on somebody's life, assassination attempt" (French attentat) is from 1580.
senses_examples:
text:
We made an attempt to cross the stream, but didn’t manage.
type:
example
text:
This poem is much better than the feeble attempt of mine.
type:
example
text:
It was worth the attempt.
type:
example
text:
No matter how many failed attempts we made, we maintained a positive attitude and tried again and again until we succeeded.
type:
example
text:
But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen? Or might it have been subterfuge—a disingenuous attempt to shift attention away from the realities of their life at sea
ref:
2012 March 24, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 87
type:
quotation
text:
No man can charge us of any attempt against the realm.
ref:
1584, Allen’s Defence Of English Catholics, cited after Edinburgh Review 1883, page 378
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The action of trying at something.
An assault or attack, especially an assassination attempt.
senses_topics:
|
7341 | word:
behemoth
word_type:
noun
expansion:
behemoth (plural behemoths)
forms:
form:
behemoths
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
William Blake
etymology_text:
From Middle English behemoth, bemoth, from Late Latin behemoth, from Hebrew בְּהֵמוֹת (behemót). Most likely, the Hebrew word is an intensive plural of בְּהֵמָה (behemá, “beast”), from Proto-Semitic (compare Ge'ez ብህመ (bəhmä, “to be dumb, to be speechless”), Arabic ب ه م (b-h-m)). Some have instead suggested a borrowing from a hypothetical Egyptian pA-i-H-E1-mw (*pꜣ-jḥ-mw, “hippopotamus”, literally “the ox of the water”), from pꜣ (“definite article”) + jḥ (“ox, cattle”) + mw (“water”) in a direct genitive construction (for the pronunciation, compare the later Coptic descendants ⲡ- (p-) + ⲉϩⲉ (ehe) + ⲙⲟⲟⲩ (moou)); this, however, suffers from problems such as the lack of attestation of the supposed etymon, and there seems little reason to prefer it to the intensive plural explanation.
senses_examples:
text:
Coordinate term: leviathan
text:
Next she doused the smouldering troll with the contents of the restaurant's fire extinguisher, hoping the icy powder wouldn't revive the sleeping behemoth.
ref:
2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, page 58
type:
quotation
text:
The diehards who did turn out were at least rewarded with a first sight of Jon Parkin, the behemoth striker signed from Preston, who scored a stunning goal on his debut at Norwich last weekend.
ref:
2011 January 18, Joe Lovejoy, “Cardiff City 0 Stoke City 2”, in Guardian Online
type:
quotation
text:
The wide access corridors passed slowly, the conduits and pipes like the circulatory system of some vast planetary behemoth.
ref:
2012, James S. A. Corey, Gods of Risk
type:
quotation
text:
We are the workers who built Alphabet. We write code, clean offices, serve food, drive buses, test self-driving cars and do everything needed to keep this behemoth running.
ref:
2021 January 4, Parul Koul, Chewy Shaw, “We Built Google. This Is Not the Company We Want to Work For.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN
type:
quotation
text:
Hiei now loomed into the action, causing the leading U.S. destroyers to scatter before the oncoming behemoth lest they be run down.
ref:
2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 14:35 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-10-17
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A great and mighty beast which God shows to Job in Job 40:15–24.
Any great and mighty monster.
Something which has the qualities of great power and might, and monstrous proportions.
senses_topics:
biblical
lifestyle
religion
|
7342 | word:
wed
word_type:
verb
expansion:
wed (third-person singular simple present weds, present participle wedding, simple past and past participle wed or wedded)
forms:
form:
weds
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
wedding
tags:
participle
present
form:
wed
tags:
participle
past
form:
wed
tags:
past
form:
wedded
tags:
participle
past
form:
wedded
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English wedden, weddien, from Old English weddian (“to pledge; wed”), from Proto-West Germanic *waddjōn, from Proto-Germanic *wadjōną (“to pledge”), from *wadją (“pledge”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to pledge”).
Cognate with Scots wed, wod, wad (“to wed”), Saterland Frisian wädje (“to bet, wager”), West Frisian wedzje (“to bet, wager”), Low German and Dutch wedden (“to bet”), German wetten (“to bet”), Danish vædde (“to bet”), Swedish vädja (“to appeal”), Icelandic veðja (“to bet”); more distantly, to Sanskrit वधू (vadhū́, “bride”). Related also to gage, engage, and wage.
senses_examples:
text:
The priest wed the couple.
type:
example
text:
She wed her first love.
type:
example
text:
In 1989, he wed Playmate Kimberley Conrad, a marriage that ended in 2010. In 2013, he married his younger girlfriend, Crystal Harris, with whom he was still wed at the time of his death.
ref:
2017 September 27, David Browne, “Hugh Hefner, 'Playboy' Founder, Dead at 91”, in Rolling Stone
type:
quotation
text:
They will wed in the summer.
type:
example
text:
I'm not wedded to this proposal; suggest an alternative.
type:
example
text:
It will be a tragedy if further enterprises of this kind—for example, the one proposed between South Wales, Bristol and the South Coast via Salisbury—are now deferred until they, too, are realised too late to make an impact on a public that is too firmly wedded to the roads to be wooed back to the trains.
ref:
1962 April, “Death from Natural Causes?”, in Modern Railways, page 218
type:
quotation
text:
[…] the PPS paper proposed a political doctrine that wedded modernization theory to U.S. support for national security states […]
ref:
2008, Bradley Simpson, Economists with Guns, page 72
type:
quotation
text:
I'd wed my head on that.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To perform the marriage ceremony for; to join in matrimony.
To take as one's spouse.
To take a spouse.
To take each other as a spouse.
To join or commit to, more or less permanently, as if in marriage.
To take to oneself and support; to espouse.
To wager, stake, bet, place a bet, make a wager.
senses_topics:
|
7343 | word:
bear
word_type:
noun
expansion:
bear (countable and uncountable, plural bears)
forms:
form:
bears
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English bere, from Old English bera, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (compare West Frisian bear, Dutch beer, German Bär, Danish bjørn).
etymology notes
This is generally taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“shining, brown”) (compare Tocharian A parno, Tocharian B perne (“radiant, luminous”), Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)), related to brown, bruin, and beaver.
On this theory, the Germanic languages replaced the older name of the bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, with the epithet "brown one", presumably due to taboo avoidance; compare Russian медве́дь (medvédʹ, “bear”, literally “honey-eater”).
However, Ringe (2006:106) doubts the existence of a root *bʰer- meaning "brown" ("an actual PIE word of [the requisite] shape and meaning is not recoverable") and suggests that a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”) "should therefore perhaps be preferred", implying a Germanic merger of *ǵʰw and *gʷʰ (*gʷʰ may sometimes result in Germanic *b, perhaps e.g. in *bidjaną, but it also seems to have given the g in gun and the w in warm).
senses_examples:
text:
We had barbecued bear for dinner.
type:
example
text:
One evening about this time, when his Lordship did me the honour to sup at my lodgings with Dr. Robertson and several other men of literary distinction, he regretted that Johnson had not been educated with more refinement, and lived more in polished society. 'No, no, my Lord, (said Signor Baretti,) do with him what you would, he would always have been a bear.'
ref:
1791, James Boswell, Life of Johnson
type:
quotation
text:
This accompt has been made to appear a bull accompt, i.e. that the bulls cannot take their stock. The fact is the reverse; it is a bear accompt, but the bears, unable to deliver their stock, have conjointly banged the market, and pocketed the tickets, to defeat the rise and loss that would have ensued to them by their buying on a rising price on the accompt day […]
ref:
1821, Bank of England, The Bank - The Stock Exchange - The Bankers ..., page 64
type:
quotation
text:
By the time we got into Tulsa Town
We had eighty-five trucks in all
But there's a roadblock up on the cloverleaf
And them bears was wall-to-wall.
Yeah, them smokies is thick as bugs on a bumper
They even had a bear in the air.
I says, "Callin' all trucks, this here's the Duck.
We about to go a-huntin' bear."
ref:
1975, “Convoy”, in C.W. McCall, Chip Davis (lyrics), Black Bear Road, performed by C. W. McCall
type:
quotation
text:
'The bear's pulling somebody off there at 74,' reported someone else.
ref:
1976 June, CB Magazine, Oklahoma City: Communications Publication Corporation, June 40/3
type:
quotation
text:
He was listening for reports of Kojaks with Kodaks, or bear sightings (cop alerts) at his front door (ahead of him), especially plain wrappers (unmarked police cars) parked at specific yardsticks (mile-markers) taking pictures […]
ref:
2015, Matt Cashion, Last Words of the Holy Ghost, page 85
type:
quotation
text:
Bears are usually hunky, chunky types reminiscent of railroad engineers and former football greats.]
ref:
[1979 July 26, George Mazzei, “Who's Who in the Zoo?: A Glossary of Gay Animals”, in Robert I. McQueen, editor, The Advocate, number 272, Liberation Publications, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2014-04-18, page 42
type:
quotation
text:
Bear sought by masculine white male, 30, 5'8", 165 lbs, for weekly safe encounter. I'm in a long-term relationship and seek outside fun. You: tall, masculine, over 200 lbs, discreet, moustache.
ref:
1990 December 9, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 21, page 12
type:
quotation
text:
I have everything it takes to be a bear: broad shoulders, full beard, semibald pate, and lots of body hair. But I don't want to be a fetish.
ref:
2004 April 27, Richard Goldstein, “Why I'm Not a Bear”, in The Advocate, number 913, page 72
type:
quotation
text:
There are numerous social organizations for bears in most parts of the United States. Lesbians don't have such prominent sexual subcultures as gay men, although, as just mentioned, some lesbians are into BDSM practices.
ref:
2006, Simon LeVay, Sharon McBride Valente, Human sexuality
type:
quotation
text:
Bunyip Bluegum was a tidy bear, he objected to whisker soup[.]
ref:
1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, page 8
type:
quotation
text:
That window can be a bear to open.
type:
example
text:
"This was a real bear to refinish. You can't believe how hard it was right here to get a thousand years of crud out of this carving."
ref:
2014, Joe Buda, Pilgrims' Passage: Into a New Millennium; Rebuilding the Past
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.
A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.
The meat of this animal.
A rough, unmannerly, uncouth person.
An investor who sells commodities, securities, or futures in anticipation of a fall in prices.
A state policeman (short for Smokey Bear).
A large, hairy man, especially one who is homosexual.
A koala (bear).
A portable punching machine.
A block covered with coarse matting, used to scour the deck.
The fifteenth Lenormand card.
Something difficult or tiresome; a burden or chore.
senses_topics:
cooking
food
lifestyle
business
finance
LGBT
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
nautical
transport
cartomancy
human-sciences
mysticism
philosophy
sciences
|
7344 | word:
bear
word_type:
verb
expansion:
bear (third-person singular simple present bears, present participle bearing, simple past and past participle beared)
forms:
form:
bears
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
bearing
tags:
participle
present
form:
beared
tags:
participle
past
form:
beared
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English bere, from Old English bera, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (compare West Frisian bear, Dutch beer, German Bär, Danish bjørn).
etymology notes
This is generally taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“shining, brown”) (compare Tocharian A parno, Tocharian B perne (“radiant, luminous”), Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)), related to brown, bruin, and beaver.
On this theory, the Germanic languages replaced the older name of the bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, with the epithet "brown one", presumably due to taboo avoidance; compare Russian медве́дь (medvédʹ, “bear”, literally “honey-eater”).
However, Ringe (2006:106) doubts the existence of a root *bʰer- meaning "brown" ("an actual PIE word of [the requisite] shape and meaning is not recoverable") and suggests that a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”) "should therefore perhaps be preferred", implying a Germanic merger of *ǵʰw and *gʷʰ (*gʷʰ may sometimes result in Germanic *b, perhaps e.g. in *bidjaną, but it also seems to have given the g in gun and the w in warm).
senses_examples:
text:
to bear a railroad stock
type:
example
text:
to bear the market
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To endeavour to depress the price of, or prices in.
senses_topics:
business
finance |
7345 | word:
bear
word_type:
adj
expansion:
bear (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English bere, from Old English bera, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (compare West Frisian bear, Dutch beer, German Bär, Danish bjørn).
etymology notes
This is generally taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“shining, brown”) (compare Tocharian A parno, Tocharian B perne (“radiant, luminous”), Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)), related to brown, bruin, and beaver.
On this theory, the Germanic languages replaced the older name of the bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, with the epithet "brown one", presumably due to taboo avoidance; compare Russian медве́дь (medvédʹ, “bear”, literally “honey-eater”).
However, Ringe (2006:106) doubts the existence of a root *bʰer- meaning "brown" ("an actual PIE word of [the requisite] shape and meaning is not recoverable") and suggests that a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”) "should therefore perhaps be preferred", implying a Germanic merger of *ǵʰw and *gʷʰ (*gʷʰ may sometimes result in Germanic *b, perhaps e.g. in *bidjaną, but it also seems to have given the g in gun and the w in warm).
senses_examples:
text:
The great bear market starting in 1929 scared a whole generation of investors.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Characterized by declining prices in securities markets or by belief that the prices will fall.
senses_topics:
business
finance |
7346 | word:
bear
word_type:
verb
expansion:
bear (third-person singular simple present bears, present participle bearing, simple past bore or (archaic) bare, past participle borne or bore or (see usage notes) born)
forms:
form:
bears
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
bearing
tags:
participle
present
form:
bore
tags:
past
form:
bare
tags:
archaic
past
form:
borne
tags:
participle
past
form:
bore
tags:
participle
past
form:
born
tags:
participle
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
bear
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English beren (“carry, bring forth”), from Old English beran (“to carry, bear, bring”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
Akin to Old High German beran (“carry”), Dutch baren, Norwegian Bokmål bære, Norwegian Nynorsk bera, German gebären, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan), Sanskrit भरति (bhárati), Latin ferō, and Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō), Albanian bie (“to bring, to bear”), Russian брать (bratʹ, “to take”), Persian بردن (bordan, “to take, to carry”).
senses_examples:
text:
the right to bear arms
type:
example
text:
The scan showed that the ewe was bearing twins.
type:
example
text:
She still bears the scars from a cycling accident.
type:
example
text:
The stone bears a short inscription.
type:
example
text:
This bears all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack.
type:
example
text:
The shield bore a red cross.
type:
example
text:
He bore the look of a defeated man.
type:
example
text:
The body was unclothed, and bore the appearance of being washed up by the sea.
ref:
1930, Essex Chronicle, 18 April 9/5
type:
quotation
text:
The school still bears the name of its founder.
type:
example
text:
[…] imitations that bear the same name as the things […]
ref:
2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 234b
type:
quotation
text:
Heinrich Olbers described the paradox that bears his name in 1823.
ref:
2013, D. Goldberg, Universe in Rearview Mirror, iii. 99
type:
quotation
text:
The dictator bears a terrible reputation for cruelty.
type:
example
text:
The bond bears a fixed interest rate of 3.5%.
type:
example
text:
Only the male Indian elephant bears tusks.
type:
example
text:
to bear a grudge, to bear ill will
type:
example
text:
The brothers had always borne one another respect.
type:
example
text:
to bear life
type:
example
text:
The punishment bears no relation to the crime.
type:
example
text:
His achievements bear testimony to his ability.
type:
example
text:
The jury could see he was bearing false witness.
type:
example
text:
This word no longer bears its original meaning.
type:
example
text:
She bore herself well throughout the ordeal.
type:
example
text:
They came bearing gifts.
type:
example
text:
Judging from the look on his face, he wasn't bearing good news.
type:
example
text:
The little boat bore us to our destination.
type:
example
text:
This plant's light and fluffy seeds may be borne by the wind to remote islands.
type:
example
text:
what the market will bear
type:
example
text:
In the lightness of my heart I sang catches of songs as my horse gayly bore me along the well-remembered road.
ref:
1852, Mrs M.A. Thompson, “The Tutor's Daughter”, in Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion, page 266
type:
quotation
text:
They surged about her, caught her up and bore her.
ref:
1954 March, Ray Bradbury, “All Summer in a Day”, in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, volume 6, number 3, page 122
type:
quotation
text:
This stone bears most of the weight.
type:
example
text:
The pain is too much for me to bear.
type:
example
text:
I would never move to Texas — I can't bear heat.
type:
example
text:
This reasoning will not bear much analysis.
type:
example
text:
Please bear with me as I try to find the book you need.
type:
example
text:
I cannot, cannot bear; ’tis past , ’tis done; / Perish this impious , this detested son; […]
ref:
1700, John Dryden, “Meleager and Atalanta”, in The poetical works, volume 4, William Pickering, published 1852, page 169
type:
quotation
text:
Events that might cause suffering in others may be borne without complaint by someone who believes that the disease is part of his or her family identity and hence inevitable. Even diseases for which no heritable basis is known may be borne easily by a person because others in the family have been similarly afflicted.
ref:
1982 March 18, w:Eric J. Cassel[l], “The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 306, number 11, →DOI, page 642
type:
quotation
text:
There's this fear deep inside of me / Like there's something I cannot see / And it's coming after me / It's hard to bear
ref:
2024, Jackie Evancho, “Behind My Eyes”, in Solla
type:
quotation
text:
The hirer must bear the cost of any repairs.
type:
example
text:
What have you gotten there under your arm, Daughter? somewhat, I hope, that will bear your Charges in your Pilgrimage.
ref:
1753, John Dryden, The Spanish Friar: or, the Double Discovery, Tonson and Draper, p. 64
type:
quotation
text:
In all criminal cases the most favourable interpretation should be put on words that they can possibly bear.
ref:
1724, Drapier's Letters, Jonathan Swift
type:
quotation
text:
An unusually high percentage of the hundreds of gay men who participated in the experimental trials for this vaccine (1978-1980) developed AIDS. Since these trials occurred at about the same time as the first AIDS cases in the same cities […] a possible connection at least bears careful study.
ref:
1989 August 19, Bob Lederer, “Hiding Behind HIV”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 6, page 10
type:
quotation
text:
This storm definitely bears monitoring.
type:
example
text:
[…] admitted to that equal sky, / His faithful dog shall bear him company.
ref:
1732–4, Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man, Longmans, Green & Co, 1879, p. 10
text:
[…] and he finds the Pleasure, and Credit of bearing a Part in the Conversation, and of having his Reasons sometimes approved and hearken'd to.
ref:
1693, John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, § 98
type:
quotation
text:
The rope has frayed where it bears on the rim of the wheel.
type:
example
text:
to bring arguments to bear
type:
example
text:
How does this bear on the question?
type:
example
text:
The cannons were wheeled around to bear upon the advancing troops.
type:
example
text:
2012, Ronald D. Utt, Ships of Oak, Guns of Iron
Constitution's gun crews crossed the deck to the already loaded larboard guns as Bainbridge wore the ship around on a larboard tack and recrossed his path in a rare double raking action to bring her guns to bear again on Java's damaged stern.
text:
In Troy she becomes Paris’ wife, bearing him several children, all of whom die in infancy.
type:
example
text:
The powerful Bene Gesserit sisterhood for ninety generations has been manipulating bloodlines to produce the Kwisatz Haderach, a superbeing. On Caladan, Jessica, a member of the sisterhood and the bound concubine of Duke Leto Atreides, had been ordered to bear only daughters. Because of her love for the duke, she disobeyed and gave birth to a son: Paul, Paul Atreides.
ref:
1984, 10:44 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Princess Irulan, →OCLC
type:
quotation
text:
This year our apple trees bore a good crop of fruit.
type:
example
text:
Betwixt two seasons comes th' auspicious air, / This age to blossom, and the next to bear.
ref:
1688, John Dryden, Britannia Rediviva
type:
quotation
text:
Carry on past the church and then bear left at the junction.
type:
example
text:
By my readings, we're bearing due south, so we should turn about ten degrees east.
type:
example
text:
Great Falls bears north of Bozeman.
type:
example
text:
She was […] found not guilty, through bearing of friends and bribing of the judge.
ref:
April 5, 1549, Hugh Latimer, The Fifth Sermon Preached Before King Edward (probably not in original spelling)
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To carry (weapons, flags or symbols of rank, office, etc.) upon one's person, especially visibly; to be equipped with (weapons, etc.).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To wear (garments, pieces of jewellery, etc.).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To carry (offspring in the womb), to be pregnant (with).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To have or display (a mark or other feature).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To display (a particular heraldic device) on a shield or coat of arms; to be entitled to wear or use (a heraldic device) as a coat of arms.
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To present or exhibit (a particular outward appearance); to have (a certain look).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To have (a name, title, or designation).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To possess or enjoy (recognition, renown, a reputation, etc.); to have (a particular price, value, or worth).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To have (interest or a specified rate of interest) stipulated in its terms.
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To have (an appendage, organ, etc.) as part of the body; (of a part of the body) to have (an appendage).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To carry or hold in the mind; to experience, entertain, harbour (an idea, feeling, or emotion).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To feel and show (respect, reverence, loyalty, etc.) to, towards, or unto a person or thing.
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To possess inherently (a quality, attribute, power, or capacity); to have and display as an essential characteristic.
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To have (a relation, correspondence, etc.) to something else.
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To give (written or oral testimony or evidence); (figurative) to provide or constitute (evidence or proof), give witness.
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To have (a certain meaning, intent, or effect).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To behave or conduct (oneself).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To possess and use, to exercise (power or influence); to hold (an office, rank, or position).
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To carry a burden or burdens.
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To take or bring (a person) with oneself; to conduct.
To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.
To support, sustain, or endure.
To support or sustain; to hold up.
To support, sustain, or endure.
To endure or withstand (hardship, scrutiny, etc.); to tolerate; to be patient (with).
To support, sustain, or endure.
To sustain, or be answerable for (blame, expense, responsibility, etc.).
To support, sustain, or endure.
To admit or be capable of (a meaning); to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change.
To support, sustain, or endure.
To warrant, justify the need for.
To support, keep up, or maintain.
To afford, to be something to someone, to supply with something.
To support, keep up, or maintain.
To carry on, or maintain; to have.
To press or impinge upon.
To push, thrust, press.
To press or impinge upon.
To take effect; to have influence or force; to be relevant.
To press or impinge upon.
Of a weapon, to be aimed at an enemy or other target.
To produce, yield, give birth to.
To give birth to (someone or something) (may take the father of the direct object as an indirect object).
To produce, yield, give birth to.
To produce or yield something, such as fruit or crops.
To be, or head, in a specific direction or azimuth (from somewhere).
To gain or win.
senses_topics:
government
military
politics
war
|
7347 | word:
bear
word_type:
noun
expansion:
bear (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
There are several plots of those species of barley called big, which is six-rowed barley; or bear, which is four-rowed, cultivated.
ref:
1800, Tuke, Agric., 119
text:
Bigg or bear, with four grains on the ear, was the kind of barley.
ref:
1818, Reports Agric., Marshall, I. 191
type:
quotation
text:
Two stacks of beare, of xx boules,
ref:
1895, Whittingham Vale, Dixon, section 130
type:
quotation
text:
[…] one wheat stack, one half-stack of corn, and a little hay, all standing in the barnyard; four stacks of bear in the barn, about three bolls of bear lying on the barn floor, two stacks of corn in the barn, […]
ref:
1908, Burns Chronicle and Club Directory, page 151
type:
quotation
text:
Your Horses are Getting Pease Straw, and looking very well. The 2 Stacks of Bear formerly mentioned as Put in by Mr Bookless is not fully dressed as yet so that I cannot say at present what Quantity they may Produce .
ref:
1802-1816, Papers on Sutherland Estate Management, published in 1972, Scottish History Society, Publications
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative spelling of bere (“barley”).
senses_topics:
|
7348 | word:
bear
word_type:
noun
expansion:
bear (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English bere (“pillowcase”), of obscure origin, but compare Old English hlēor-bera (“cheek-cover”). Possibly cognate to Low German büre, whence German Bühre, which in turn has been compared to French bure.
senses_examples:
text:
And, according to this, one of my Neighbours made a Bag, like a Pillow-bear, of the ordinary six-penny yard Cloth, and boiled his Hops in it half an Hour; then he took them out, and put in another Bag of the like Quantity of fresh Hops, […]
ref:
1742, William Ellis, The London and Country Brewer … Fourth Edition, page 36
type:
quotation
text:
ij payer of schete, ij pelows wt the berys,
ref:
1850, Samuel Tymms, Wills and Inventories from the Registers of the Commissary of Bury St. Edmunds and the Archdeacon of Sudbury, page 116
type:
quotation
text:
1641.—14 yards of femble cloth, 12s. ; 8 yards of linen, 6s. 8d. ; 20 yards of harden, 10s. ; 5 linen sheets, 1l. ; 7 linen pillow bears, 8s. ; 2 femble sheets and a line hard sheet, 10s. ; 3 linen towels, 4s. ; 6 lin curtains and a vallance, 12s. ; […]
ref:
1858, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, page 409
type:
quotation
text:
I give to my Grand Child Lidea Carpenter the Coverlid that her mother spun and my pillow bear and a pint Cup & my great Pott that belongs to the Pott and Trammels.
ref:
1905, Emily Wilder Leavitt, Palmer Groups: John Melvin of Charlestown and Concord, Mass. and His Descendants ; Gathered and Arranged for Mr. Lowell Mason Palmer of New York, page 24
text:
[…] a man's eyes played him false, sitting him before tables proper with damask and pewter, leading him to fall into beds gracious with small and large feather beds for softness and pillowed luxuriously under pretty checked linen pillow bears.
ref:
1941, Minnie Hite Moody, Long Meadows, page 71
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative spelling of bere (“pillowcase”).
senses_topics:
|
7349 | word:
tout
word_type:
noun
expansion:
tout (plural touts)
forms:
form:
touts
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
tout
etymology_text:
From a dialectal form of toot (“to stick out; project; peer out; peep”), itself from Middle English toten, totien, from Old English tōtian (“to peep out; look; pry; spectate”). Merged with Middle English touten (“to jut out, protrude, gaze upon, observe, peer”), from Old English *tūtian, related to Old English tȳtan (“to stand out, be conspicuous, shine”). Compare Icelandic túta (“a teat-like prominence”), tútna (“to be blown up”).
senses_examples:
text:
Be careful of the ticket touts outside the arena, they are famed for selling counterfeits.
type:
example
text:
The Derry Brigade of the IRA thought it had got rid of its informer problem when earlier that year it executed Paddy Flood as a tout, after holding him for six weeks.
ref:
2011, Hugh Jordan, Milestones in Murder: Defining Moments in Ulster's Terror War
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Someone advertising for customers in an aggressive way.
A person, at a racecourse, who offers supposedly inside information on which horse is likely to win.
An informer in the Irish Republican Army.
A spy for a smuggler, thief, or similar.
senses_topics:
|
7350 | word:
tout
word_type:
verb
expansion:
tout (third-person singular simple present touts, present participle touting, simple past and past participle touted)
forms:
form:
touts
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
touting
tags:
participle
present
form:
touted
tags:
participle
past
form:
touted
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From a dialectal form of toot (“to stick out; project; peer out; peep”), itself from Middle English toten, totien, from Old English tōtian (“to peep out; look; pry; spectate”). Merged with Middle English touten (“to jut out, protrude, gaze upon, observe, peer”), from Old English *tūtian, related to Old English tȳtan (“to stand out, be conspicuous, shine”). Compare Icelandic túta (“a teat-like prominence”), tútna (“to be blown up”).
senses_examples:
text:
Mary has been touted as a potential successor to the current CEO.
type:
example
text:
China has touted its policy of non-interference for decades.
ref:
2016 January 25, “Why Arabs would regret a toothless Chinese dragon”, in The National, retrieved 2016-01-25
type:
quotation
text:
For the 75 years since a district rebellion was put down, The Games have existed as an assertion of the Capital’s power, a winner-take-all contest that touts heroism and sacrifice—participants are called “tributes”— while pitting the districts against each other.
ref:
2012, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in The A.V. Club
type:
quotation
text:
Newspaper articles also were generally positive in tone, although a tendency towards sensationalism means that the spread of hybrid forms is occasionally touted as the universal language of the future.
ref:
2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 9
type:
quotation
text:
To understand the new London, I lived it. I slept rough with Roma beggars and touted for work with Baltic laborers on the kerb.
ref:
March 1, 2016, Ben Judah on BBC Business Daily
text:
Nor durst Orcanes view the Soldan's face, / But still upon the floor did pore and tout.
ref:
1600, Edward Fairfax, The Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso, X, lvi
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To flaunt, to publicize/publicise; to boast or brag; to promote.
To spy out information about (a horse, a racing stable, etc.).
To give a tip on (a racehorse) to a person, with the expectation of sharing in any winnings.
To spy out the movements of racehorses at their trials, or to get by stealth or other improper means the secrets of the stable, for betting purposes.
To act as a tout; to give a tip on a racehorse.
To look for, try to obtain; used with for.
To look upon or watch.
senses_topics:
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
|
7351 | word:
tout
word_type:
noun
expansion:
tout
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Probably from French tout (“all”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
In the game of solo, a proposal to win all eight tricks.
senses_topics:
card-games
games |
7352 | word:
carp
word_type:
noun
expansion:
carp (plural carp or carps)
forms:
form:
carp
tags:
plural
form:
carps
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Late Middle English carpe (“the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)”), from Old French carpe, from Late Latin carpa, possibly from Proto-West Germanic *karpo (possibly due to the introduction from the fish from the Danube into England in the 14th century; whence Middle Low German karpe and Old High German charpho, karpho); further etymology unknown.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae; specifically the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.
senses_topics:
|
7353 | word:
carp
word_type:
verb
expansion:
carp (third-person singular simple present carps, present participle carping, simple past and past participle carped)
forms:
form:
carps
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
carping
tags:
participle
present
form:
carped
tags:
participle
past
form:
carped
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
carp
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The verb is derived from Middle English carpen, karpe (“to chat, converse, talk; to chatter, gossip; to ask; to cry out, wail; to find fault, carp; to relate, tell; to recite; to sing”), and then partly:
* from Old Norse karpa (“to boast, brag; to dispute, quarrel”), further etymology unknown; and
* from, or influenced by, Latin carpere, the present active infinitive of carpō (“to harvest, pick, pluck; to criticize, revile, slander, carp at”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“to harvest, pluck”).
The noun is derived from the verb. (Middle English carp, karp (“conversation, discourse, talking; spoken or written message or statement; meaning; news; poem; song; story”), from Old Norse karp (“bragging”), did not survive into modern English.)
senses_examples:
text:
Enuie vvhy carpeſt thou my time is ſpent ſo ill, / And termſt my vvorkes fruites of an idle quill.
ref:
c. 1580s (date written), C[hristoper] M[arlowe], “Elegia. 15. Ad inuidos, qaod fama poetarum sit perennis.”, in Ouids Elegies: Three Bookes. […], Middlebourgh [i.e., London: […] Thomas Cotes?], published c. 1640, →OCLC, signature [B6], verso
type:
quotation
text:
Psha! thou carpest and carpest, and yet tell'st nought; in a word, What say'st thou to him?
ref:
1825, T[homas] Doubleday, Babington. A Tragedy, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, Act II, scene iii, page 54
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To criticize or complain about a fault, especially for frivolous or petty reasons; to cavil.
To speak, to talk; also, to talk about a subject in speech or writing.
To talk much but to little purpose; to chatter, to prattle.
Of a bird: to sing; of a person (such as a minstrel): to sing or recite.
To say or tell (something).
To find fault with (someone or something); to censure, to criticize.
senses_topics:
|
7354 | word:
carp
word_type:
noun
expansion:
carp (plural carps)
forms:
form:
carps
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The verb is derived from Middle English carpen, karpe (“to chat, converse, talk; to chatter, gossip; to ask; to cry out, wail; to find fault, carp; to relate, tell; to recite; to sing”), and then partly:
* from Old Norse karpa (“to boast, brag; to dispute, quarrel”), further etymology unknown; and
* from, or influenced by, Latin carpere, the present active infinitive of carpō (“to harvest, pick, pluck; to criticize, revile, slander, carp at”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“to harvest, pluck”).
The noun is derived from the verb. (Middle English carp, karp (“conversation, discourse, talking; spoken or written message or statement; meaning; news; poem; song; story”), from Old Norse karp (“bragging”), did not survive into modern English.)
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An instance of, or speech, complaining or criticizing about a fault, especially for frivolous or petty reasons; a cavil.
senses_topics:
|
7355 | word:
goshawk
word_type:
noun
expansion:
goshawk (plural goshawks)
forms:
form:
goshawks
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English goshauk, from Old English gōshafoc (“goose hawk”), from gōs (“goose”) and hafoc (“hawk”). Compare also Old Norse gáshaukr and Late Middle English gosling. The bird gets its name from the fact that the birds of the species are hawks that were alleged to prey on geese.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Any of several birds of prey, principally in the genus Accipiter.
senses_topics:
|
7356 | word:
phonetics
word_type:
noun
expansion:
phonetics (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From phonetic + -s.
senses_examples:
text:
This dictionary shows the phonetics of the words.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The study of the physical sounds of human speech, concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception, and their representation by written symbols.
senses_topics:
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences |
7357 | word:
tore
word_type:
adj
expansion:
tore (comparative more tore, superlative most tore)
forms:
form:
more tore
tags:
comparative
form:
most tore
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English tor, tore, toor, from Old Norse tor- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”, prefix), from Proto-Germanic *tuz- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”), from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad, ill, difficult”). Cognate with Old High German zur- (“mis-”, prefix), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌶- (tuz-, “hard, difficult”, prefix), Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad, ill, difficult”, prefix). More at dys-.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Hard, difficult; wearisome, tedious.
Strong, sturdy; great, massive.
Full; rich.
senses_topics:
|
7358 | word:
tore
word_type:
verb
expansion:
tore
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
[…]that a Spirit came into him that did make him quake and tremble ſo exceedingly that he thought it would have tore him, &c[…]
ref:
1661, George Whitehead, Edward Burroughs, The Son of Perdition Revealed […], London, page 39
type:
quotation
text:
"Would've tore your head clean off," Dudley was bellowing. "Would've snapped it off your neck like wet toilet paper[…]
ref:
1999 May 11, Rick Bass, Where the Sea Used to Be, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, page 393
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past of tear (“rip, rend, speed”).
past participle of tear (“rip, rend, speed”)
senses_topics:
|
7359 | word:
tore
word_type:
noun
expansion:
tore (plural tores)
forms:
form:
tores
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
See torus.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative form of torus
The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane.
The solid enclosed by such a surface; an anchor ring.
senses_topics:
architecture
geometry
mathematics
sciences
|
7360 | word:
tore
word_type:
noun
expansion:
tore (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Probably from the root of tear; compare Welsh word for a break or cut.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring.
senses_topics:
|
7361 | word:
long-eared owl
word_type:
noun
expansion:
long-eared owl (plural long-eared owls)
forms:
form:
long-eared owls
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Asio otus, a species of owl which breeds in Europe, Asia, and North America. Long eared owls are partially migratory, moving south in winter from the northern parts of their range.
senses_topics:
|
7362 | word:
sling
word_type:
verb
expansion:
sling (third-person singular simple present slings, present participle slinging, simple past and past participle slung or slang)
forms:
form:
slings
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
slinging
tags:
participle
present
form:
slung
tags:
participle
past
form:
slung
tags:
past
form:
slang
tags:
participle
past
form:
slang
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English slynge (noun), slyngen (verb), probably from Old Norse slyngja, slyngva (“to hurl”), from Proto-Germanic *slingwaną (“to worm, twist”) or compare Old English slingan (“to wind, twist”), from the same source.
Compare German schlingen (“to swing, wind, twist”), Danish and Norwegian slynge), from Proto-Indo-European *slenk- (“to turn, twist”) (compare Welsh llyngyr (“worms, maggots”), Lithuanian sliñkti (“to crawl like a snake”), Latvian slìkt (“to sink”)).
senses_examples:
text:
Everyone could sling stones at an hairbreadth, and not miss.
ref:
2000, Bible (World English), Judges xx. 16
text:
slings a broken rock aloft in air
ref:
a. 1720, Joseph Addison, “Milton’s Style Imitated, in a Translation of a Story out of the Third Æneid”, in The Dramatick Works of Joseph Addison. With the Authour’s Poems, on Several Occasions
type:
quotation
text:
You may know a lot about chemistry, man, but you don't know jack about slinging dope.
ref:
2008, Breaking Bad, Season 1, Episode 6
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To throw with a circular or arcing motion.
To throw with a sling.
To pass a rope around (a cask, gun, etc.) preparatory to attaching a hoisting or lowering tackle.
To sell, peddle, or distribute (often illicitly, e.g. drugs, sex, etc.).
senses_topics:
nautical
transport
|
7363 | word:
sling
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sling (plural slings)
forms:
form:
slings
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English slynge (noun), slyngen (verb), probably from Old Norse slyngja, slyngva (“to hurl”), from Proto-Germanic *slingwaną (“to worm, twist”) or compare Old English slingan (“to wind, twist”), from the same source.
Compare German schlingen (“to swing, wind, twist”), Danish and Norwegian slynge), from Proto-Indo-European *slenk- (“to turn, twist”) (compare Welsh llyngyr (“worms, maggots”), Lithuanian sliñkti (“to crawl like a snake”), Latvian slìkt (“to sink”)).
senses_examples:
text:
The Sling is also a weapon of great antiquity, formerly in high estimation among the ancients.
ref:
1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 43
type:
quotation
text:
To be, or not to be, that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing, end them.
ref:
1600, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act III, scene I, line 55
type:
quotation
text:
gin sling
type:
example
text:
a Singapore sling
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An instrument for throwing stones or other missiles, consisting of a short strap with two strings fastened to its ends, or with a string fastened to one end and a light stick to the other.
A kind of hanging bandage put around the neck, in which a wounded arm or hand is supported.
A loop of cloth, worn around the neck, for supporting a baby or other such load.
A loop of rope, or a rope or chain with hooks, for suspending a barrel, bale, or other heavy object, in hoisting or lowering.
A strap attached to a firearm, for suspending it from the shoulder.
A band of rope or iron for securing a yard to a mast.
The act or motion of hurling as with a sling; a throw; figuratively, a stroke.
A loop of rope or fabric tape used for various purposes: e.g. as part of a runner, or providing extra protection when abseiling or belaying.
A drink composed of a spirit (usually gin) and water sweetened.
senses_topics:
engineering
government
military
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
politics
tools
war
weaponry
nautical
transport
climbing
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
|
7364 | word:
sling
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sling (plural slings)
forms:
form:
slings
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From a shortening of spiderling.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A young or infant spider, such as one raised in captivity.
senses_topics:
|
7365 | word:
leave
word_type:
verb
expansion:
leave (third-person singular simple present leaves, present participle leaving, simple past and past participle left)
forms:
form:
leaves
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
leaving
tags:
participle
present
form:
left
tags:
participle
past
form:
left
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
leave
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English leven, from Old English lǣfan (“to leave”), from Proto-West Germanic *laibijan, from Proto-Germanic *laibijaną (“to let stay, leave”), causative of *lībaną (“to stay, remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick; fat”).
Cognate with Old Frisian lēva (“to leave”), Old Saxon lēvian, Old High German leiban (“to leave”), Old Norse leifa (“to leave over”) (whence Icelandic leifa (“to leave food uneaten”)), lifna (“to be left”) (whence Danish levne). More at lave, belive.
The noun is attested since the 19th century, with earliest references to billiards.
senses_examples:
text:
I left my car at home and took a bus to work.
type:
example
text:
The ants did not leave so much as a crumb of bread.
type:
example
text:
There's not much food left. We'd better go to the shops.
type:
example
text:
Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]. The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation,[…]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.
ref:
2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3
type:
quotation
text:
The lightning left her dazzled for several minutes.
type:
example
text:
Infantile paralysis left him lame for the rest of his life.
type:
example
text:
She left disappointed.
type:
example
text:
There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic visits of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up[…].”
ref:
1899, Stephen Crane, chapter 1, in Twelve O'Clock
type:
quotation
text:
[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.
ref:
2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845
type:
quotation
text:
Leave your hat in the hall.
type:
example
text:
We should leave the legal matters to lawyers.
type:
example
text:
I left my sewing and went to the window to watch the falling snow.
type:
example
text:
I left him to his reflections.
type:
example
text:
I leave my hearers to judge.
type:
example
text:
I left the country and I left my wife.
type:
example
text:
2018, The Independent, "Brexit: Theresa May 'not bluffing' in threat to leave EU without a deal, Tory minister Liam Fox says"
If we were to leave, the economic impact on a number of European countries would be severe.
text:
I left the band.
type:
example
text:
I think you'd better leave.
type:
example
text:
When my father died, he left me the house.
type:
example
text:
I'll leave the car in the station so you can pick it up there.
type:
example
text:
Can't we just leave this to the experts?
type:
example
text:
Now leave Complaining, and begin your Tea.
ref:
1716, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, The Basset-Table. An Eclogue.
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To have a consequence or remnant.
To cause or allow (something) to remain as available; to refrain from taking (something) away; to stop short of consuming or otherwise depleting (something) entirely.
To have a consequence or remnant.
To cause, to result in.
To have a consequence or remnant.
To put; to place; to deposit; to deliver, with a sense of withdrawing oneself.
To depart; to separate from.
To let be or do without interference.
To depart; to separate from.
To depart from; to end one's connection or affiliation with.
To depart; to separate from.
To end one's membership in (a group); to terminate one's affiliation with (an organization); to stop participating in (a project).
To depart; to separate from.
To depart; to go away from a certain place or state.
To transfer something.
To transfer possession of after death.
To transfer something.
To give (something) to someone; to deliver (something) to a repository; to deposit.
To transfer something.
To transfer responsibility or attention of (something) (to someone); to stop being concerned with.
To remain (behind); to stay.
To stop, desist from; to "leave off" (+ noun / gerund).
senses_topics:
|
7366 | word:
leave
word_type:
noun
expansion:
leave (plural leaves)
forms:
form:
leaves
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English leven, from Old English lǣfan (“to leave”), from Proto-West Germanic *laibijan, from Proto-Germanic *laibijaną (“to let stay, leave”), causative of *lībaną (“to stay, remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick; fat”).
Cognate with Old Frisian lēva (“to leave”), Old Saxon lēvian, Old High German leiban (“to leave”), Old Norse leifa (“to leave over”) (whence Icelandic leifa (“to leave food uneaten”)), lifna (“to be left”) (whence Danish levne). More at lave, belive.
The noun is attested since the 19th century, with earliest references to billiards.
senses_examples:
text:
Having counted 38 points he tried a beautiful massé out of the corner, hit the first ball just a trifle too hard and kissed his own ball off just when victory seemed to be his. The leave was unfortunate for Ives. Slosson played brilliantly and ran the game out, a close winner, with 22 points.
ref:
1890 February 27, “Slosson’s Close Shave”, in New York Times
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The action of the batsman not attempting to play at the ball.
The arrangement of balls in play that remains after a shot is made (which determines whether the next shooter — who may be either the same player, or an opponent — has good options, or only poor ones).
senses_topics:
ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
ball-games
billiards
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports |
7367 | word:
leave
word_type:
noun
expansion:
leave (countable and uncountable, plural leaves)
forms:
form:
leaves
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English leve, from Old English lēaf (“permission, privilege”), from Proto-Germanic *laubō, *laubą (“permission, privilege, favour, worth”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love, hold dear”). Cognate with obsolete German Laube (“permission”), Swedish lov (“permission”), Icelandic leyfi (“permission”). Related to Dutch verlof, German Erlaubnis. See also love.
senses_examples:
text:
I've been given three weeks' leave by my boss.
type:
example
text:
Might I beg leave to accompany you?
type:
example
text:
The applicant now seeks leave to appeal and, if leave be granted, to appeal against these sentences.
type:
example
text:
I took my leave of the gentleman without a backward glance.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Permission to be absent; time away from one's work.
Permission.
Farewell, departure.
senses_topics:
|
7368 | word:
leave
word_type:
verb
expansion:
leave (third-person singular simple present leaves, present participle leaving, simple past and past participle leaved or left)
forms:
form:
leaves
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
leaving
tags:
participle
present
form:
leaved
tags:
participle
past
form:
leaved
tags:
past
form:
left
tags:
participle
past
form:
left
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English leven, from Old English līefan (“to allow, grant, concede; believe, trust, confide in”), from Proto-West Germanic *laubijan, from Proto-Germanic *laubijaną (“to allow, praise”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love, hold dear”). Cognate with German lauben (“to allow, believe”), Icelandic leyfa (“to allow”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To give leave to; allow; permit; let; grant.
senses_topics:
|
7369 | word:
leave
word_type:
verb
expansion:
leave (third-person singular simple present leaves, present participle leaving, simple past and past participle leaved)
forms:
form:
leaves
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
leaving
tags:
participle
present
form:
leaved
tags:
participle
past
form:
leaved
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English leven, from lef (“leaf”). More at leaf.
senses_examples:
text:
Each Morn a thousand Roses brings, you say:
Yes, but where leaves the Rose of Yesterday?
ref:
1868, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, 2nd edition
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To produce leaves or foliage.
senses_topics:
|
7370 | word:
leave
word_type:
verb
expansion:
leave (third-person singular simple present leaves, present participle leaving, simple past and past participle leaved)
forms:
form:
leaves
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
leaving
tags:
participle
present
form:
leaved
tags:
participle
past
form:
leaved
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From French lever. Compare levy. Compare also Middle English leve, a variant of levy that may have been monosyllabic.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To raise; to levy.
senses_topics:
|
7371 | word:
sheep
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sheep (countable and uncountable, plural sheep or (nonstandard, mostly humorous) sheeps)
forms:
form:
sheep
tags:
plural
form:
sheeps
tags:
humorous
nonstandard
plural
wikipedia:
Kluge's law
etymology_text:
From Middle English schep, schepe, from Anglian Old English sċēp, a variant of sċēap, from Proto-West Germanic *skāp, from Proto-Germanic *skēpą (compare West Frisian skiep, North Frisian schäip, Dutch schaap, German Schaf), beside *keppô (compare Old Norse kjappi (“buck”), dialectal German Kippe (“newborn calf”)), of unknown origin. Perhaps from the same Scythian word (compare Ossetian цӕу (cæw, “goat”), Persian چپش (čapiš, “yearling goat”)) which was borrowed into Albanian as cjap, sqap (“buck”) and into Slavic (compare Polish cap). After Kroonen, *skēpą is instead from the root of Proto-Germanic *skabaną (“to scratch”) via Kluge's law.
senses_examples:
text:
1990, Dave Mustaine, "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due", Megadeth, Rust in Peace.
And fools like me, who cross the sea and come to foreign lands / Ask the sheep, for their beliefs do you kill on God's command?
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A woolly ruminant of the genus Ovis.
A member of the domestic species Ovis aries, the most well-known species of Ovis.
A timid, shy person who is easily led by others.
A religious adherent, a member of a congregation or religious community (compare flock).
Sheepskin leather.
A person who is easily understood by a speech recognition system; contrasted with goat.
senses_topics:
Christianity
|
7372 | word:
sheep
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sheep
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
plural of shoop
senses_topics:
|
7373 | word:
arcane
word_type:
adj
expansion:
arcane (comparative more arcane, superlative most arcane)
forms:
form:
more arcane
tags:
comparative
form:
most arcane
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Latin arcānus (“hidden, secret”), from arceō (“to shut up, enclose”); cognate with Latin arca (“a chest”).
senses_examples:
text:
arcane rituals
type:
example
text:
arcane origins
type:
example
text:
arcane details
type:
example
text:
1997: Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, page 67, The Renaissance Episteme (Totem Books, Icon Books; →ISBN
A “signature” was placed on all things by God to indicate their affinities — but it was hidden, hence the search for arcane knowledge. Knowing was guessing and interpreting, not observing or demonstrating.
text:
an arcane law
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Understood by only a few.
Obscure, mysterious.
Requiring secret or mysterious knowledge to understand.
Extremely old (e.g. interpretation or knowledge), and possibly irrelevant.
senses_topics:
|
7374 | word:
what
word_type:
det
expansion:
what
forms:
wikipedia:
what
etymology_text:
From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).
senses_examples:
text:
What colour are you going to use?
type:
example
text:
What time is it?
type:
example
text:
What kind of car is that?
type:
example
text:
I wonder what colour he is going to use.
type:
example
text:
I know what colour I am going to use.
type:
example
text:
That depends on what answer is received.
type:
example
text:
He seems to have lost what sense he had.
type:
example
text:
What money I earn is soon spent.
type:
example
text:
This shows what beauty there is in nature.
text:
You know what nonsense she talks.
text:
I found out what a liar he is.
text:
What nonsense!
type:
example
text:
Wow! What a speech.
type:
example
text:
What beautiful children you have.
type:
example
text:
With what passion she sings!
type:
example
text:
Little Red Riding Hood, traditional folk tale
“Oh Granny, what big eyes you have,” said Little Red Riding Hood.
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Which, especially which of an open-ended set of possibilities.
Which.
Any ... that; all ... that; whatever.
Emphasises that something is noteworthy or remarkable in quality or degree, in either a good or bad way; may be used in combination with certain other determiners, especially 'a', less often 'some'.
Emphasises that something is noteworthy or remarkable in quality or degree, in either a good or bad way; may be used in combination with certain other determiners, especially 'a', less often 'some'.
Used to form exclamations indicating that something is remarkable, in either a good or bad way.
senses_topics:
|
7375 | word:
what
word_type:
pron
expansion:
what
forms:
wikipedia:
what
etymology_text:
From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).
senses_examples:
text:
What is your name?
text:
Ask them what they want.
text:
The gym is across from … what? — The gym is across from the lounge. — Across from the lounge. Right. Thanks!
Audio (US): (file)
ref:
2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
text:
He knows what he wants.
type:
example
text:
What is amazing is his boundless energy.
type:
example
text:
And, what's even worse, I have to work on Sunday too.
type:
example
text:
I will do what I can to help you.
type:
example
text:
What is mine is yours.
type:
example
text:
'Ere! There's that bloke what I saw earlier!
text:
That’s her; that’s the thing what has stole his heart from me.
ref:
1902, J. M. Barrie, The Admirable Crichton
type:
quotation
text:
For, it is a name what strikes fear in the heart of anyone what hears it.
ref:
2017, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Which thing, event, circumstance, etc.: used in asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc.
That which; those that; the thing(s) that.
Anything that; all that; whatever.
That; which; who.
senses_topics:
|
7376 | word:
what
word_type:
adv
expansion:
what (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
what
etymology_text:
From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).
senses_examples:
text:
What does it matter?
type:
example
text:
What do you care?
type:
example
text:
In short; what by the indiscretion of people here, what by the rebound which came often back from London, what by the private interests and ambitious views of persons in the French court, and what by other causes unnecessary to be examined now, the most private transactions came to light [...]
ref:
1787, Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, Letters on the Study and Use of History: A Letter to Sir William Windham, page 83
type:
quotation
text:
The Chinese of all ranks, and in every place, received my books gladly, and listened with patience to what I had to say about the true God.—So that what from opportunities of attending to the object of my Mission among the Chinese—what from seasons of religious instruction to Dutch and English—what from intercourse with gentlemen of education and knowledge of the world—what from occasions of stating clearly the object of Missions, and of endeavouring to remove prejudices against them—and what from the view of a highly cultivated country, happy under an enlightened and liberal government, I have much reason to be satisfied with this journey …
ref:
1815, Rev. Mr. Milne, letter reprinted in The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, Volume 23, page 82. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EPE6AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA82&dq=%22what+from%22
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
In what way; to what extent.
Used before a prepositional phrase to emphasise that something is taken into consideration as a cause or reason; usually used in combination with 'with' (see what with), and much less commonly with other prepositions.
senses_topics:
|
7377 | word:
what
word_type:
intj
expansion:
what
forms:
wikipedia:
what
etymology_text:
From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).
senses_examples:
text:
What! That’s amazing!
text:
What? I'm busy.
type:
example
text:
“That’s riled them,” said my compaion. “Good work, what?”
ref:
1918, Denis Garstin, The Shilling Soldiers, London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 83
type:
quotation
text:
Chuffy: WHAT? No, no, no, no, no. My casa is your casa, what?
ref:
1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5
type:
quotation
text:
It’s a nice day, what?
type:
example
text:
— Could I have some of those aarrrrrr mmmm ...
— What?
type:
example
text:
I must have been, what, about five years old.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An expression of surprise or disbelief.
What do you want? An abrupt, usually unfriendly enquiry as to what a person desires.
Clipping of what do you say? Used as a type of tag question to emphasise a statement and invite agreement, often rhetorically.
What did you say? I beg your pardon? This usage is often considered impolite, with the more polite "Pardon?" or "Excuse me?" preferred.
Indicating a guess or approximation, or a pause to try to recall information.
senses_topics:
|
7378 | word:
what
word_type:
noun
expansion:
what (countable and uncountable, plural whats)
forms:
form:
whats
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
what
etymology_text:
From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).
senses_examples:
text:
The emphasis on the interplay between the hows and whats of interpretive practice is paramount.
ref:
2005, Norman K. Denzin, Yvonna S. Lincoln, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, page 493
type:
quotation
text:
2012, "We Are Both", season 2, episode 2 of Once Upon a Time
Regina: What are you?
Rumplestiltskin: What? What? What? My, my, what a rude question! I am not a what.
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Something; thing; stuff.
The identity of a thing, as an answer to a question of what.
Something that is addressed by what, as opposed to a person, addressed by who.
senses_topics:
|
7379 | word:
what
word_type:
particle
expansion:
what
forms:
wikipedia:
what
etymology_text:
From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).
senses_examples:
text:
— Too bad there isn't a library nearby.
— The National Library is a five-minute walk from here what.
type:
example
text:
Most things come from Europe what.
ref:
1978, L. C. Cheong, Youth in the Army, page 142
type:
quotation
text:
[…] they can't be the same what?
ref:
2007, yansimon52, soc.culture.singapore (Usenet)
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Emphasizes the truth of an assertion made to contradict an evidently false assumption held by the listener.
senses_topics:
|
7380 | word:
grey heron
word_type:
noun
expansion:
grey heron (plural grey herons)
forms:
form:
grey herons
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Ardea cinerea, an Old World wading bird of the heron family.
senses_topics:
|
7381 | word:
business
word_type:
noun
expansion:
business (countable and uncountable, plural businesses)
forms:
form:
businesses
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
business (disambiguation)
etymology_text:
From Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”), equivalent to busy + -ness. Doublet of busyness.
senses_examples:
text:
I left my father's business.
type:
example
text:
The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.
ref:
2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68
type:
quotation
text:
He is in the motor and insurance businesses.
type:
example
text:
I'm going to Las Vegas on business.
type:
example
text:
He's such a poor cook, I can't believe he's still in business!
type:
example
text:
We do business all over the world.
type:
example
text:
Business has been slow lately.
type:
example
text:
They did nearly a million dollars of business over the long weekend.
type:
example
text:
In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result. If the bumf arrived electronically, the take-up rate was 0.1%. And for online adverts the “conversion” into sales was a minuscule 0.01%. That means about $165 billion was spent not on drumming up business, but on annoying people, creating landfill and cluttering spam filters.
ref:
2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8837, page 74
type:
quotation
text:
I shall take my business elsewhere.
type:
example
text:
This proposal will satisfy both business and labor.
type:
example
text:
Policing the relationship between government and business in a free society is difficult. Businesspeople have every right to lobby governments, and civil servants to take jobs in the private sector.
ref:
2013 August 10, Schumpeter, “Cronies and capitols”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848
type:
quotation
text:
I studied business at Harvard.
type:
example
text:
This UFO stuff is a mighty strange business.
type:
example
text:
Our principal business here is to get drunk.
type:
example
text:
Let's get down to business.
type:
example
text:
To know the naturall cause of Sense, is not very necessary to the business now in hand; and I have els-where written of the same at large.
ref:
1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Chapter I: Of Sense”, in Leviathanᵂⁱᵏⁱˢᵒᵘʳᶜᵉ
type:
quotation
text:
That's none of your business.
type:
example
text:
If that concludes the announcements, we'll move on to new business.
type:
example
text:
Gates, who always flew business or coach, didn't particularly like the high air fares Nishi was charging to Microsoft,[…]
ref:
1992, James Wallace, Jim Erickson, Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire, page 154
type:
quotation
text:
The business with the hat is a fine example of the difficulty of distinguishing between 'natural' and 'formal' acting.
ref:
1983, Peter Thomson, Shakespeare's Theatre, page 155
type:
quotation
text:
I'm sure his goons will go through the ship like a business of ferrets, and they'll want to look in our baggage.
ref:
2004, Dave Duncan, The Jaguar Knights: A Chronicle of the King's Blades, page 252
type:
quotation
text:
These new phones are the business!
type:
example
text:
Your ferret left his business all over the floor.
type:
example
text:
As the cart went by, its horse lifted its tail and did its business.
type:
example
text:
I haven't seen cartoons giving someone the business since the 1990s.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A specific commercial enterprise or establishment.
A person's occupation, work, or trade.
Commercial, industrial, or professional activity.
The volume or amount of commercial trade.
One's dealings; patronage.
Private commercial interests taken collectively.
The management of commercial enterprises, or the study of such management.
A particular situation or activity.
Any activity or objective needing to be dealt with; especially, one of a financial or legal matter.
Something involving one personally.
Matters that come before a body for deliberation or action.
Business class, the class of seating provided by airlines between first class and coach.
Action carried out with a prop or piece of clothing, usually away from the focus of the scene.
The collective noun for a group of ferrets.
Something very good; top quality. (possibly from "the bee's knees")
The act of defecation, or the excrement itself, particularly that of a non-human animal.
Disruptive shenanigans.
matters (e.g sorry business = a funeral)
senses_topics:
government
parliamentary-procedure
lifestyle
tourism
transport
travel
acting
broadcasting
entertainment
film
lifestyle
media
television
theater
|
7382 | word:
business
word_type:
adj
expansion:
business
forms:
wikipedia:
business (disambiguation)
etymology_text:
From Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”), equivalent to busy + -ness. Doublet of busyness.
senses_examples:
text:
Please do not use this phone for personal calls; it is a business phone.
type:
example
text:
They are solely business instruments. Every man's relation to them is purely a business relation. His use of them is purely a business use.
ref:
1897, Reform Club (New York, N.Y.) Sound Currency Committee, Sound Currency, volumes 4-5, page cclii
type:
quotation
text:
[…] the fact that the injured party came to the insured premises for solely business purposes precluded any reliance on the non-business pursuits exception (§ 1 1 2[b]).
ref:
1996, Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company, American Law Reports: Annotations and Cases, volume 35, page 432
type:
quotation
text:
Both of these partnerships have to cope with these dual issues in a more complicated way than is the case in solely business partnerships.
ref:
2003, Marvin Snider, Compatibility Breeds Success: How to Manage Your Relationship with Your Business Partner, page 298
type:
quotation
text:
He is thoroughly business, but has the happy faculty of transacting it in a genial and courteous manner.
ref:
1889, The Clothier and furnisher, volume 19, page 38
type:
quotation
text:
[…] and the transaction carried through in a thoroughly business manner.
ref:
1909, Business Administration: Business Practice, La Salle Extension University, page 77
type:
quotation
text:
Sometimes this very subtle contrast becomes only too visible, as when in wartime Jewish business men were almost lynched because they were thoroughly business men and worked for profit.
ref:
1927, “Making of America Project”, in Harper's Magazine, volume 154, page 502
type:
quotation
text:
The moral is evident: do not invest in schemes promising enormous and quick returns unless you have investigated them in a thoroughly business manner.
ref:
2009, Frank Channing Haddock, Business Power: Supreme Business Laws and Maxims that Win Wealth, page 231
type:
quotation
text:
Amiens is a thoroughly business town, the business being chiefly with the flax-works.
ref:
1867, “Amiens”, in Edmund Hodgson Yates, editor, Tinsley's Magazine, page 430
type:
quotation
text:
According to this saga of intellectual-property misanthropy, these creatures [patent trolls] roam the business world, buying up patents and then using them to demand extravagant payouts from companies they accuse of infringing them. Often, their victims pay up rather than face the costs of a legal battle.
ref:
2013 June 8, “Obama goes troll-hunting”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 55
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Of, to, pertaining to, or used for purposes of conducting trade, commerce, governance, advocacy or other professional purposes.
Professional, businesslike, having concern for good business practice.
Supporting business, conducive to the conduct of business.
senses_topics:
|
7383 | word:
SAMPA
word_type:
name
expansion:
SAMPA
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Acronym of Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An alphabet based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), but using only 7-bit ASCII characters.
senses_topics:
|
7384 | word:
little owl
word_type:
noun
expansion:
little owl (plural little owls)
forms:
form:
little owls
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A species of small European owl, Athene noctua.
senses_topics:
|
7385 | word:
bright
word_type:
adj
expansion:
bright (comparative brighter, superlative brightest)
forms:
form:
brighter
tags:
comparative
form:
brightest
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The adjective is from Middle English bright, from Old English beorht, from Proto-West Germanic *berht, from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine, to gleam, whiten”).
The noun is derived from Middle English bright (“brightness, brilliance; daylight; light”), from bright (adjective): see above.
The English word is cognate with Albanian bardhë (“white”), Dutch brecht (in personal names), Icelandic bjartur (“bright”), Lithuanian brekšta (“to dawn”), Middle Irish brafad (“blink of an eye”), Norwegian bjart (“bright, clear, shining”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify; to befit”), Northern Luri بڵێز (bełız, “blaze”) Russian бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “to dawn; to flicker faintly, glimmer; (figuratively) of a hope, thought, etc.: to begin to manifest, emerge”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate), Scots bricht (“bright”), Welsh berth (“beautiful, fair, fine”) (obsolete).
senses_examples:
text:
The sky was remarkably bright and blue on that beautiful summer day.
type:
example
text:
Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.
type:
example
text:
Her step was quick; her eye piercing, and of the brightest blue; […]
ref:
1838 May, L. M., “The West Fifty Years Since”, in T[homas] W[illis] White, editor, The Southern Literary Messenger: Devoted to Every Department of Literature and the Fine Arts, volume IV, number V, Richmond, Va.: T. W. White, […], →OCLC, chapter II, page 308, column 1
type:
quotation
text:
The orange and blue walls of the sitting room were much brighter than the dull grey walls of the kitchen.
type:
example
text:
From […] the brighteſt Wines / He'd turn abhorrent.
ref:
1728, [James] Thomson, Spring: A Poem, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar and G[eorge] Strahan, →OCLC, page 10
type:
quotation
text:
And 'twas the worſt, if not the only ſtain, / I'th' brighteſt Annals of a Female Reign.
ref:
1681, Charles Cotton, The Wonders of the Peake, London: […] Joanna Brome, […], →OCLC, page 16
type:
quotation
text:
I woke up today feeling so bright that I decided to have a little dance.
type:
example
text:
Bright eyes / Burning like fire / Bright eyes / How can you close and fail? / How can the light that burned so brightly / Suddenly burn so pale? / Bright eyes
ref:
1978 October 19, Mike Batt (lyrics and music), “Bright Eyes”, in Fate for Breakfast, performed by Art Garfunkel, published 19 January 1979
type:
quotation
text:
She has a bright future ahead.
type:
example
text:
Things are going great, and they're only getting better / I'm doing all right, getting good grades / The future's so bright, I gotta wear shades
ref:
1986, Pat MacDonald (lyrics and music), “The Future’s So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades”, in Greetings from Timbuk3, performed by Timbuk3
type:
quotation
text:
It's been raining the whole summer / The brightest days are few and far between
ref:
2023, Ryland Heagy (lyrics and music), “The Brightest Days”, in The Brightest Days, performed by Origami Angel
type:
quotation
text:
If he trains hard, his chances of winning the competition are bright.
type:
example
text:
She’s very bright. She was able to solve the problem without my help.
type:
example
text:
Think of banking today and the image is of grey-suited men in towering skyscrapers. Its future, however, is being shaped in converted warehouses and funky offices in San Francisco, New York and London, where bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.
ref:
2013 August 3, “Revenge of the nerds: An explosion of start-ups is changing finance for the better”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-08-03
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Emitting much light; visually dazzling; luminous, lucent, radiant.
Of light: brilliant, intense.
Of an object, surface, etc.: reflecting much light; having a high lustre; gleaming, shiny.
Of a place: not dark; well-lit.
Of climate or weather: not cloudy or gloomy; fair; also, of a period of time, the sky, etc.: characterized by much sunshine and good weather.
Clearly apparent; conspicuous.
Of a colour: not muted or pale; bold, brilliant, vivid.
Of an object, surface, etc.: having vivid colour(s); colourful.
Of a musical instrument, sound, or a voice: clearly audible; clear, resounding, and often high-pitched.
Of a room or other place: having acoustic qualities that tend to cause much echoing or reverberation of sound, particularly at high frequencies.
Of a scent or taste: not bland or mild; bold, sharp, strong.
Of a substance: clear, transparent; also, pure, unadulterated; (specifically) of wine: free of suspended particles; not cloudy; fine.
Glorious; illustrious.
In good spirits; happy, optimistic.
Of the face or eyes, or a smile: showing happiness or hopefulness; cheerful, lively.
Of a person: lively, vivacious.
Of a period of history or time: happy, prosperous, successful.
Of an opportunity or outlook: having a reasonable chance of success; favourable, good.
Of conversation, writing, etc.: imaginative or sparkling with wit; clever, witty.
Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent.
Of the eyes: able to see clearly; of eyesight: keen, sharp.
Manifest to the mind as light is to the eyes; clear, evident, plain.
Of a rhythm or tempo: lively, upbeat.
Of a note: slightly sharp.
Of a metal object or surface: lacking any protective coating or surface treatment for the prevention of corrosion.
senses_topics:
entertainment
lifestyle
music
entertainment
lifestyle
music
engineering
metallurgy
natural-sciences
physical-sciences |
7386 | word:
bright
word_type:
noun
expansion:
bright (plural brights)
forms:
form:
brights
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The adjective is from Middle English bright, from Old English beorht, from Proto-West Germanic *berht, from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine, to gleam, whiten”).
The noun is derived from Middle English bright (“brightness, brilliance; daylight; light”), from bright (adjective): see above.
The English word is cognate with Albanian bardhë (“white”), Dutch brecht (in personal names), Icelandic bjartur (“bright”), Lithuanian brekšta (“to dawn”), Middle Irish brafad (“blink of an eye”), Norwegian bjart (“bright, clear, shining”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify; to befit”), Northern Luri بڵێز (bełız, “blaze”) Russian бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “to dawn; to flicker faintly, glimmer; (figuratively) of a hope, thought, etc.: to begin to manifest, emerge”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate), Scots bricht (“bright”), Welsh berth (“beautiful, fair, fine”) (obsolete).
senses_examples:
text:
Brights constitute 60% of American scientists, and a stunning 93% of those scientists good enough to be elected to the elite National Academy of Sciences (equivalent to Fellows of the Royal Society) are brights.
ref:
2003 June 20, Richard Dawkins, “The future looks bright”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-03-22
type:
quotation
text:
Many of us brights have devoted considerable time and energy at some point in our lives to looking at the arguments for and against the existence of God, and many brights continue to pursue these issues, hacking away vigorously at the arguments of believers as if they were trying to refute a rival scientific theory. But not I.
ref:
2006, Daniel C[lement] Dennett, “Breaking Which Spell?”, in Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon, New York, N.Y.: Viking, part I (Opening Pandora’s Box), section 5 (Religion as a Natural Phenomenon), page 27
type:
quotation
text:
[Richard] Dawkins has received appreciative letters from people who were formerly what he derisively calls "faith-heads" who have abandoned their delusions and come over to the side of the brights, the pleasant green pastures where clear-eyed, brave, bold, and supremely brainy atheists graze contentedly.
ref:
2008 April, David Aikman, “The Attack of the Four Horsemen”, in The Delusion of Disbelief: Why the New Atheism is a Threat to Your Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness, Carol Stream, Ill.: SaltRiver, Tyndale House Publishers, page 28
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Brightness, glow.
Glory, splendour.
Something (especially a product intended for sale) that has vivid colours or a lustrous appearance.
A person with a naturalistic worldview with no mystical or supernatural elements.
An artist's brush used in acrylic and oil painting with a long ferrule and a flat, somewhat tapering bristle head.
senses_topics:
|
7387 | word:
bright
word_type:
adv
expansion:
bright (comparative more bright, superlative most bright)
forms:
form:
more bright
tags:
comparative
form:
most bright
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English brighte (“brightly; (figuratively) brilliantly, lustrously; of colour: boldly, vividly; clearly, distinctly; of voice: loudly”) [and other forms], from Old English breohte, beorhte (West Saxon) [and other forms], ultimately from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright, shining”); see further at etymology 1.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
In a bright manner; brightly, glowingly, luminously, lustrously.
Referring to colour: with bold or vivid colours; brightly, boldly, vividly.
Referring to sight, sound, understanding, etc.: clearly, distinctly; brightly.
senses_topics:
|
7388 | word:
bright
word_type:
verb
expansion:
bright (third-person singular simple present brights, present participle brighting, simple past and past participle brighted)
forms:
form:
brights
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
brighting
tags:
participle
present
form:
brighted
tags:
participle
past
form:
brighted
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
bright
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English brighten (“to illuminate; to become light, dawn; (figuratively) to cleanse, purify; to clarify, explain”) [and other forms], from Old English beorhtian (“to brighten, shine; to sound clearly or loudly”) [and other forms], probably from beorht (“bright, clear”, adjective) (see further at etymology 1) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns). Later uses of the word are probably also derived from the adjective.
senses_examples:
text:
Toward Mid-day he [the Sun] brighteth the Air into a chearful Saphir, and guildeth the Borders of the very Clouds with a coſtly limbus.
ref:
1686, J[ohn] Goad, “The Sun, the Great Light, Justly Admired. […]”, in Astro-meteorologica, or, Aphorisms and Large Significant Discourses of the Natures and Influences of the Cœlestial Bodies; […], 2nd edition, London: […] O[badiah] B[lagrave] and sold by John Sprint, […], published 1699, →OCLC, book I, § 2, page 14
type:
quotation
text:
Day brighteth at the smile o' her and yea, He hath aplanted full o' seed for harvesting by thy loving.
ref:
1915, Keith Ringkamp, editor, The Patience Worth Record, volume I, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, published 2008, page 238
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Often followed by up: to cast light on (someone or something); to brighten, to illuminate.
Often followed by up: to cause (someone or something) to be bright (in various senses); to brighten; specifically, to make (someone or something) energetic, or happy and optimistic.
Often followed by up: to become bright (in various senses); to brighten.
senses_topics:
|
7389 | word:
bug
word_type:
noun
expansion:
bug (plural bugs)
forms:
form:
bugs
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
First attested in this form around 1620 (referring to a bedbug), from earlier bugge (“beetle”), a conflation of two words:
# Middle English bugge (“scarecrow, hobgoblin”), perhaps from obsolete Welsh bwg ("ghost, hobgoblin"; compare Welsh bwgwl ("threat", older "fear")) or from Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”) (compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge (“goblin”, “snot”)). Or, from a word related to buck and originally referring to a goat-shaped spectre.
# Middle English budde (“beetle”), from Old English budda (see sċearnbudda (“dung beetle”)), from Proto-Germanic *buddô, *buzdô, from the same ultimate source as above (compare Low German Budde (“louse, grub”), Norwegian budda (“newborn domestic animal”)). More at bud.
The term is used to refer to technical errors and problems at least as early as the 19th century, predating the commonly known story of a moth being caught in a computer.
senses_examples:
text:
Bugs, oysters, prawns and crabs […] are plated up on the decks of four side-by-side trawlers bobbing on the calm waters of Trinity Inlet.
ref:
2021 February 24, The Road Ahead, Brisbane, page 39, column 2
type:
quotation
text:
These flies are a bother. I’ll get some bug spray and kill them.
type:
example
text:
Speaking of advertising changes of name, a title by which those lodging-house pests, bugs, are now often known, that of Norfolk Howards, is derived from an advertisement in which one Ephraim Bug avowed his intention of being for the future known as Norfolk Howard.
ref:
1874, Henry Sampson, A history of advertising, page 278
type:
quotation
text:
Bugs are generated from the moisture of living animals, as it dries up outside their bodies. Lice are generated out of the flesh of animals.
ref:
1910, Aristotle, translated by D.W. Thompson, The Works of Aristotle: Historia animalium
type:
quotation
text:
The software bug led the computer to calculate 2 plus 2 as 3.
type:
example
text:
I have the right principle and am on the right track, but time, hard work and some good luck are necessary too. It has been just so in all of my inventions. The first step is an intuition, and comes with a burst, then difficulties arise — this thing gives out and [it is] then that "Bugs" — as such little faults and difficulties are called — show themselves and months of intense watching, study and labor are requisite before commercial success or failure is certainly reached.
ref:
1878, Thomas P. Hughes, quoting Thomas Edison, Edison to Puskas, 13 November 1878, Edison papers, quoted in American Genesis: A History of the American Genius for Invention, Edison National Laboratory, U.S. National Park Service, West Orange, N.J.: Penguin Books, published 1989, page 75
type:
quotation
text:
A... leading aluminum producer claims it has worked all the bugs out of building and servicing aluminum radiators, says it hopes to have a large chunk of the radiator market by the early nineteen seventies.
ref:
1968 April 24, Popular Mechanics
type:
quotation
text:
He's got the flu bug.
type:
example
text:
I caught the skiing bug while staying in the Alps.
type:
example
text:
His mother had been a bug on astrology, which was why the moment of his birth had been impressed on him so exactly.
ref:
1961, Fredric Brown, Nightmare in Yellow
type:
quotation
text:
Incidentally, the camera manufacturers have had a new worry—that they might "kill off the hobby," as U.S. Camera magazine put it recently—by automating to the point that real camera bugs would feel no challenge.
ref:
1961, Kiplinger's Personal Finance, volume 15, number 12, page 34
type:
quotation
text:
We installed a bug in her telephone.
type:
example
text:
He suspected the image was a Web bug used for determining who was visiting the site.
type:
example
text:
Channel 4's bug distracted Jim from his favorite show.
type:
example
text:
You look up the proper speed for the phase of flight, set the reminder bug, and then literally forget the speed. You don't read the airspeed number, you fly to the bug.
ref:
2004, Flying Magazine, volume 131, number 10, page 10
type:
quotation
text:
At this point your telegraph operator, sitting at your right, goes "Ticky-tick-tickety-de-tick-tick," with his bug, as he calls his transmitter, and looks at you expectantly.
ref:
1938, Paul Gallico, Farewell to Sport, page 257
type:
quotation
text:
As far as the dashes are concerned, the bug is the same in operation as any regular key would be if it were turned up on edge instead of sitting flat on the desk.
ref:
1942, Arthur Reinhold Nilson, Radio Code Manual, page 134
type:
quotation
text:
I was a very good radio operator. I bought my own bug. That's what the telegraph key in its modern form was called. It was semiautomatic.
ref:
1986, E. L. Doctorow, World's Fair, page 282
type:
quotation
text:
The arguably most debated bareback practice that came to attract attention early on (and still does) was that of "bug chasing," in which HIV-negative men (bug chasers) actively seek out sex with HIV-positive men (gift givers).
ref:
2019, Tora Holmberg, Annika Jonsson, Fredrik Palm, Death Matters: Cultural Sociology of Mortal Life, Springer, page 130
type:
quotation
text:
We asked Harris if he had any recommendations about seeing the famous trilobite digs. He said we should just drive out to his claim in the Wheeler Quadrangle, and it was just fine with him if we dug a few bugs.
ref:
2007, Kirk Johnson, Cruisin' the Fossil Freeway, page 174
type:
quotation
text:
Now, only three years later, most of the major oil companies maintain staffs of these men who examine cores, classify the various types of "bugs," or foraminifera, and make charts showing the depths at which each of the hundreds of types is found.
ref:
July 1933, Popular Science
text:
The "bugs" are the asterisks next to the apprentice's name. One bug is a five-pound allowance, two bugs equal seven pounds, and three bugs equal ten pounds.
ref:
1999, Anita Scialli, Inside Track 1999, page 62
type:
quotation
text:
Because many illegal slot-machine operators here and abroad do not like to give the slot-machine player even one chance to hit the jackpot or the big bonus, they make use of a "bug." This is a small, flat half-circle of iron about an inch long, which looks something like a bug.
ref:
1961, John Scarne, Complete Guide to Gambling, page 394
type:
quotation
text:
Some clumsy or audacious sharpers will go so far as to hold out cards in their lap, or stick them in a "bug" under the table.
ref:
1897, Robert Frederick Foster, Foster's Complete Hoyle, page 195
type:
quotation
text:
Fargo had been in a saloon in Kansas when a man was caught using a bug. Made of steel and shaped like a money clip with two sharp ends, the bug was jammed under a table and held cards the bug's owner palmed until they were needed.
ref:
2006, Jon Sharpe, The Trailsman #299: Dakota Danger
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An insect of the order Hemiptera (the “true bugs”).
Any of various species of marine or freshwater crustaceans; e.g. a Moreton Bay bug, mudbug.
Any insect, arachnid, or other terrestrial arthropod that is a pest.
Any minibeast.
Any insect, arachnid, myriapod or entognath.
A bedbug.
A problem that needs fixing.
A contagious illness, or a pathogen causing it.
An enthusiasm for something; an obsession.
A keen enthusiast or hobbyist.
A concealed electronic eavesdropping or intercept device.
A small and usually invisible file (traditionally a single-pixel image) on a World Wide Web page, primarily used to track users.
A lobster.
A small, usually transparent or translucent image placed in a corner of a television program to identify the broadcasting network or cable channel.
A manually positioned marker in flight instruments.
A semi-automated telegraph key.
Hobgoblin, scarecrow; anything that terrifies.
HIV.
A limited form of wild card in some variants of poker.
A trilobite.
Synonym of oil bug.
An asterisk denoting an apprentice jockey's weight allowance.
A young apprentice jockey.
Synonym of union bug.
A small piece of metal used in a slot machine to block certain winning combinations.
A metal clip attached to the underside of a table, etc. to hold hidden cards, as a form of cheating.
senses_topics:
biology
entomology
natural-sciences
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
broadcasting
media
aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
LGBT
lifestyle
sexuality
card-games
poker
biology
history
human-sciences
natural-sciences
paleontology
sciences
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
media
printing
publishing
gambling
games
gambling
games |
7390 | word:
bug
word_type:
verb
expansion:
bug (third-person singular simple present bugs, present participle bugging, simple past and past participle bugged)
forms:
form:
bugs
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
bugging
tags:
participle
present
form:
bugged
tags:
participle
past
form:
bugged
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
First attested in this form around 1620 (referring to a bedbug), from earlier bugge (“beetle”), a conflation of two words:
# Middle English bugge (“scarecrow, hobgoblin”), perhaps from obsolete Welsh bwg ("ghost, hobgoblin"; compare Welsh bwgwl ("threat", older "fear")) or from Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”) (compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge (“goblin”, “snot”)). Or, from a word related to buck and originally referring to a goat-shaped spectre.
# Middle English budde (“beetle”), from Old English budda (see sċearnbudda (“dung beetle”)), from Proto-Germanic *buddô, *buzdô, from the same ultimate source as above (compare Low German Budde (“louse, grub”), Norwegian budda (“newborn domestic animal”)). More at bud.
The term is used to refer to technical errors and problems at least as early as the 19th century, predating the commonly known story of a moth being caught in a computer.
senses_examples:
text:
Don’t bug me, I’m busy!
type:
example
text:
I'm worried about Wallace. He's been buggin' all week.
type:
example
text:
We need to know what’s going on. We’ll bug his house.
type:
example
text:
I well remember the combination of excitement and apprehension with which I tentatively entered my first "rap." My eyes bugged open. There must have been 25 women in the room. I don't think I had ever seen so many lesbians all together in one place before.
ref:
1979 April 28, Lois H. Johnson, “Ten Years of Boston DOB: A Personal Memoir”, in Gay Community News, page 8
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To annoy.
To act suspiciously or irrationally, especially in a way that annoys others.
To install an electronic listening device or devices in.
To bulge or protrude.
senses_topics:
|
7391 | word:
crime
word_type:
noun
expansion:
crime (countable and uncountable, plural crimes)
forms:
form:
crimes
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English cryme, crime, from Old French crime, crimne, from Latin crīmen. Displaced native Old English firen.
senses_examples:
text:
Crime doesn’t pay.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A specific act committed in violation of the law.
Any great sin or wickedness; iniquity.
That which occasions crime.
Criminal acts collectively.
The habit or practice of committing crimes.
senses_topics:
|
7392 | word:
crime
word_type:
verb
expansion:
crime (third-person singular simple present crimes, present participle criming, simple past and past participle crimed)
forms:
form:
crimes
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
criming
tags:
participle
present
form:
crimed
tags:
participle
past
form:
crimed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English cryme, crime, from Old French crime, crimne, from Latin crīmen. Displaced native Old English firen.
senses_examples:
text:
Nevertheless, in the course of a few days he is again intoxicated, creates disturbance in his quarters, is confined by his sergeant, crimed, and brought before the commanding officer […]
ref:
1846, John Mercier McMullen, Camp and Barrack-room, Or, The British Army as it is, page 298
type:
quotation
text:
If, during the 1920s, the master criminal was a gamester, criming for self expression, during the 1930s he performed in other ways for other purposes.
ref:
1987, Robert Sampson, Yesterday's Faces: From the Dark Side, page 61
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To subject to disciplinary punishment.
To commit crime.
senses_topics:
government
military
politics
war
|
7393 | word:
anchovy
word_type:
noun
expansion:
anchovy (plural anchovies)
forms:
form:
anchovies
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Spanish anchoa, from Genoese Ligurian anciôa or related Corsican anchjuva, anciua. The term's ultimate origin is unclear; some suggest it may have derived from an unattested Vulgar Latin term *apiuva, from Latin aphyē, apua, from Ancient Greek ἀφύη (aphúē) (which may be formed like Sanskrit अभ्व (ábhva-, “monster”)); others suggest it comes from Basque antxu, anchu (“dried fish”), from anchuva (“dry”), if that Basque term is not itself derived from Latin via some intermediary.
senses_examples:
text:
Coordinate term: sardine
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus Engraulis is widely sold as food.
senses_topics:
|
7394 | word:
slit
word_type:
noun
expansion:
slit (plural slits)
forms:
form:
slits
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
slit
etymology_text:
From Old English slītan, from Proto-Germanic *slītaną (“to tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyd- (“to tear, rend (cut apart), split apart”). Possibly cognate with Latin laed- (“to strike, hurt, injure”). Doublet of slite; also related to slice through French borrowing.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A narrow cut or opening; a slot.
The vulva.
A woman, usually a sexually loose woman; a prostitute.
senses_topics:
|
7395 | word:
slit
word_type:
verb
expansion:
slit (third-person singular simple present slits, present participle slitting, simple past slit, past participle slit or (obsolete) slitten)
forms:
form:
slits
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
slitting
tags:
participle
present
form:
slit
tags:
past
form:
slit
tags:
participle
past
form:
slitten
tags:
obsolete
participle
past
wikipedia:
slit
etymology_text:
From Old English slītan, from Proto-Germanic *slītaną (“to tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyd- (“to tear, rend (cut apart), split apart”). Possibly cognate with Latin laed- (“to strike, hurt, injure”). Doublet of slite; also related to slice through French borrowing.
senses_examples:
text:
He slit the bag open and the rice began pouring out.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To cut a narrow opening.
To split into strips by lengthwise cuts.
To cut; to sever; to divide.
senses_topics:
|
7396 | word:
slit
word_type:
adj
expansion:
slit (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
slit
etymology_text:
From Old English slītan, from Proto-Germanic *slītaną (“to tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyd- (“to tear, rend (cut apart), split apart”). Possibly cognate with Latin laed- (“to strike, hurt, injure”). Doublet of slite; also related to slice through French borrowing.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Having a cut narrow opening
senses_topics:
|
7397 | word:
woke
word_type:
adj
expansion:
woke (not generally comparable, comparative more woke or woker, superlative most woke or wokest)
forms:
form:
more woke
tags:
comparative
form:
woker
tags:
comparative
form:
most woke
tags:
superlative
form:
wokest
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Shortened from woken or woke(n) up, or dialectal use of woke (past participle of wake, see Etymology 2 below). The sense of being aware of social injustice dates to at least the 1930s.
senses_examples:
text:
Waking up is a damn sight harder than going to sleep, but we’ll stay woke up longer.
ref:
1942, J. Saunders Redding, Negro Digest, volume 01
type:
quotation
text:
If You’re Woke You Dig It [title]
ref:
1962 May 20, William Melvin Kelley, “If You’re Woke You Dig It”, in The New York Times, page 45
type:
quotation
text:
I been sleeping all my life. And now that Mr. Garvey done woke me up, I’m gon stay woke. And I’m gon help him wake up other black folk.
ref:
1972, Barry Beckham, Garvey Lives!
type:
quotation
text:
What if there was no niccas / Only master teachers? / I stay woke (dreams dreams)
ref:
2008, Erykah Badu (lyrics and music), “Master Teacher”, in New Amerykah Part One (4th World War)
type:
quotation
text:
[…] stay woke[,] people of color, / let us occupy this dissent
ref:
2014, Lynn Sweeting, WomanSpeak, A Journal of Writing and Art by Caribbean Women, volume 7
type:
quotation
text:
But the cultural conflict between these two post-revolutionary styles — between frat guys and feminist bluestockings, Gamergaters and the diversity police, alt-right provocateurs and “woke” dudebros, the mouthbreathers who poured hate on the all-female “Ghostbusters” and the tastemakers who pretended it was good — is likely here to stay.
ref:
2016 August 14, Ross Douthat, “A Playboy for President”, in The New York Times
type:
quotation
text:
Like, if I tweet or hashtag about how you didn’t do something right or used the wrong verb, then I can sit back and feel pretty good about myself, cause, "Man, you see how woke I was, I called you out." That’s not activism. That’s not bringing about change.
ref:
2019 October 29, Emily S. Rueb, Derrick Bryson Taylor, quoting Barack Obama, “Obama on Call-Out Culture: ‘That’s Not Activism’”, in The New York Times
type:
quotation
text:
If this were actually true, you would expect real traction for the wokest candidates in the Democratic presidential race. But it’s been just the opposite. The woke candidates have been the weakest, electorally speaking, and the defining attribute of the Democratic primary has been a preoccupation with the voters that put Trump in the White House.
ref:
2019 December 6, Jamelle Bouie, “Why the ‘Wokest’ Candidates Are the Weakest”, in The New York Times
type:
quotation
text:
[Kevin Smith is] also baffled by some of the accusations that he tried to make the franchise “woke” by focusing on Teela.
ref:
2021 July 26, Lauren Sarner, “Kevin Smith on ‘Masters of the Universe’ and fan backlash”, in New York Post
type:
quotation
text:
Rightwing Tory MPs should stop portraying concerns over the climate and nature as “woke”, and understand that voters are deeply concerned about the crisis, the Conservative minister Zac Goldsmith has warned.
ref:
2022 November 15, Fiona Harvey, quoting Zac Goldsmith, “‘Stupid’ to equate climate concerns with being woke, says Zac Goldsmith”, in The Guardian
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Awake: conscious and not asleep.
Alert, aware of what is going on, or well-informed, especially in racial and other social justice issues.
Holding progressive views or attitudes, principally with regard to social justice.
senses_topics:
government
politics |
7398 | word:
woke
word_type:
noun
expansion:
woke (countable and uncountable, plural wokes)
forms:
form:
wokes
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Shortened from woken or woke(n) up, or dialectal use of woke (past participle of wake, see Etymology 2 below). The sense of being aware of social injustice dates to at least the 1930s.
senses_examples:
text:
Not to beat a dead horse, but it would appear that the wokes are in an abusive relationship with the speech policemen, given that some of their favored terms are being abruptly disallowed (like trigger warning or “preferred” pronouns).
ref:
2022 December 21, Judson Berger, “You Can’t Say That at Stanford”, in National Review
type:
quotation
text:
Tim Bale, a professor of politics at Queen Mary University in London, said the war on woke kicked off as a counter to the “silent revolution” of liberal and progressive attitudes during the economic boom of the decades up to 2008.
ref:
2021 January 8, Emilio Casalicchio, “Britain’s culture war extends beyond Brexit”, in Politico
type:
quotation
text:
The woke is the new religion of the left.
ref:
2022, Ron DeSantis, speech at CPAC 2022
text:
Millennials, such as Styles (and the other Harry, HRH, for that matter), were able to popularise and profit from woke.
ref:
2023 February 18, Panda La Terriere, “Why Gen Z is turning against woke culture”, in The Spectator
type:
quotation
text:
For I’m afraid the demise of woke won’t be like the end of toothbrush moustaches, indie folk music or any other temporary behaviour supercharged by the whims of the young and the hip, then dropped without consequence.
ref:
2024 April 22, Kathleen Stock, “Turn of the woke tide will leave many stranded”, in The Times
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A person who is woke (holding progressive views or attitudes).
A progressive ideology, in particular with regards to social justice.
senses_topics:
|
7399 | word:
woke
word_type:
verb
expansion:
woke
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
senses_examples:
text:
What time did you wake up, and what woke you so flamin' early on a Sunday morning? Something must have woke you. The alarm clock?
ref:
2007 November 10, Joy Dettman, One Sunday, Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia, page 184
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past of wake
past participle of wake
senses_topics:
|
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