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All the Notes is a live album by pianist Cecil Taylor. It was recorded at the Ted Mann Concert Hall in Minneapolis, Minnesota in February 2000, and was released in 2004 by Cadence Jazz Records. On the album, Taylor is joined by bassist Dominic Duval, and drummer Jackson Krall.
Reception
In a review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow wrote: "the performance consists of three improvisations... that have Taylor in mostly thunderous form, leavened by a few brief lyrical moments. Bassist Dominic Duval and drummer Jackson Krall do their best to keep up with Taylor but there is no doubt who the leader is. Taylor's remarkable technique and endurance are in evidence, as is his ability to build on the most abstract ideas and somehow have it all make musical sense. Taylor's followers will enjoy the music while those whose ears are not open to the pianist's very advanced improvising are advised to explore some of his earlier recordings first"
Track listing
"Improvisation I" – 37:04
"Improvisation II" – 29:51
"Improvisation III" – 7:14
Personnel
Cecil Taylor – piano, vocals
Dominic Duval – bass
Jackson Krall – drums
References
2004 live albums
Cecil Taylor live albums | [
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Alphonse Frédéric De Moerloose, born in Gentbrugge, Belgium, on January 12, 1858, and died in Schilde, Belgium, on March 27, 1932 (aged 74) was a priest of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary [CICM] and a Belgian architect. He was a missionary in China from 1885 to 1929 and built several Catholic churches there.
Life
Alphonse De Moerloose was the 10th and the youngest child of Jean-Baptiste De Moerloose and Marie-Thérèse De Jaeger, a French speaking family living in Gentbrugge, Flanders.
His father started out as a mason, to rise as an entrepreneur and alderman in charge of public works in Gentbrugge. Two of his brothers were entrepreneurs, as well as one of his brothers-in-law, Edouard Van Herrewege, and an older sister was married to the architect Ferdinand de Noyette (1838-1870) and remarried to his brother Modeste of Noyette (1847-1923). The latter was an important architect creating civil and religious buildings in the neo-Gothic style in Flanders.
Alphonse De Moerloose must have been influenced by his brother-in-law Modeste de Noyette. He began by studying architecture brilliantly from 1876. He obtained on August 7, 1881 the first prize in the fifth year of his studies in architecture at the École supérieure des arts Saint-Luc in Ghent.
At that time, the education of this school lasted seven years with evening and weekend lessons. During the day, he probably had to work with his father. The most gifted students could follow an eighth year which led to the "Grand Prix". The milieu of the Saint-Luc school of the arts defended an ultramontane Catholicism opposed to the secularization of society and to liberalism. Under the influence of Baron Jean-Baptiste Bethune, the teaching of architecture promoted the neo-Gothic style.
The De Moerloose family was very Catholic. Driven by a missionary desire De Moerloose entered the Seminary of Scheut, in Anderlecht (near Brussels) of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in October 1881, founded in 1862 by Théophile Verbist. This missionary congregation had been assigned by the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, in 1865, the apostolic mission of Inner Mongolia. Alphonse De Moerloose was ordained a priest on June 7, 1884 and pronounced his religious vows in the chapel of the seminary of Scheut on February 6, 1885.
He arrived in China in 1885 and was assigned to the Apostolic Vicariate of the Province of Gansu whose evangelization was entrusted to the Scheutists by the Holy See in 1878. The Scheutist missionaries had established themselves in the cities of Lanzhou , Liangzhou and Ganzhou.
The missionary Alphonse De Moerloose then adopted a Chinese name He Gengbo (和羹柏). He spent a year in the residence of Xixiang, in Wuwei (Gansu) to learn the basics of the Chinese language, then worked in rural and urban parishes.
In 1898, Jérôme-Josse Van Aertselaer (1845-1924) was appointed vicar apostolic of “Central Mongolia” where he had previously been director of the seminary before being, between 1887 and 1898, superior general of the congregation . The latter will redirect the missionary career of Alphonse De Moerloose. He left Gansu in February 1899to go to Xiwanzi (西湾子镇), Xian of Chongli, Hebei Province, seat of the Apostolic Vicariate of Central Mongolia where he began work on a major seminary with a chapel and the residence of the Apostolic Vicar. At the same time begins the revolt of the Boxers who destroyed a large number of churches. Xiwanzi escaped this destruction thanks to the protection of the Western military. The support of Van Aertselaer, who has a Euro-centric conception with a predilection for the Gothic style, will allow De Moerloose to develop an important architectural activity. The archives of the Scheutist congregation in China were destroyed after their departure and those of Louvain are incomplete, making it difficult to reconstruct a list of all the buildings he may have built in China. These buildings have been parish churches, schools, orphanages, residences for missionaries, houses for cathecumenians, to meet the growing needs of the congregation. His reputation as
From 1903 to 1905, he worked on the Trappist abbey church of Notre-Dame-de-la-Consolation in Yangjiaping (禓家坪) founded in the spring of 1883 by Dom Efrem Seignol (1837-1893). He will then be tempted by this contemplative order. In December 1909, leaving the Scheutist congregation, he was incardinated in the apostolic vicariate of Peking which depended on a Lazarist bishop. He set up his studio in the enclosure of Yangjiaping Abbey, 180 km northwest of Beijing, from 1910 .
Between 1910 and 1920, he built several large neo-Gothic brick churches for Lazarist missionaries.
Constructed buildings
Beijing / Beijing, North Church (Beitang), interior decoration (1909) for Lazarist missionaries
Datong (Shanxi), regional seminary (1922-1928)
Gaojiayingzi (Hebei), parish church (1903-1905)
Huangtuliang (Hebei), parish church (1906)
Meiguiyinzi (Inner Mongolia), parish church (1904-1906)
Nihewan (Hebei), chapel and residence (1912)
Shanghai, Yangtze-poo parish church (1924-1926)
Shanghai, Basilica of Sheshan , plans (1920-1923) for Jesuit missionaries, built by Jesuit Father François-Xavier Diniz .
Shebiya / Chabernoor (Inner Mongolia), parish church (1904-1905)
Shuangshuzi (Hebei), parish church and residence (1917)
Xiwanzi / Chongli (Hebei), seminary (1902)
Xuanhua (Hebei), church, later cathedral (1903-1906) for Lazarist missionaries
Yangjiaping (Hebei), Trappist Abbey of Notre-Dame-de-Consolation (1903–1905 and 1922), daughter of Sept-Fons Abbey
Yongping (Hebei), cathedral (1908-1910) for Lazarist missionaries
Zhengding (Hebei), parish church (1924)
Notes and references
↑ Koen De Ridder ed., Footsteps in Deserted Valleys: Missionary Cases. Strategies and Practice in Qing China, Leuven University Press ( Louvain Chinese Studies VIII collection), 2000, p. 170, ( ISBN 90-5867-022-8 ) (preview ) [ archive ]
↑ Thomas Coomans, Leung-kwok Prudence Lau, "The tribulations of a Belgian architect in China: Gustave Volckaert, in the service of the Crédit foncier d'Extrême-Orient, 1914-1954", in Revue belge d'archéologie et d'histoire of art, 2012, volume LXXXI, p. 129, 130, 132, 136, 152 (read online) [ archive ]
Bibliography
: Documents used as source for writing this article.
Aubin Françoise, “A technical vocabulary notebook from Moerloose's RPA. CICM, missionary from Scheut (northern Gansu, end of the 19th century)”, Cahiers de Linguistique - Asie Orientale, 12/2, 1983, p. 103-117 ( read online ) [ archive ]
Thomas Coomans, “Pugin Worldwide. From Les Vrais Principes and the Belgian St Luke Schools to Northern China and Inner Mongolia”, in: Brittain-Catlin Timothy, De Maeyer Jan & Bressani Martin (eds.), Gothic Revival Worldwide: AWN Pugin's Global Influence (KADOC Artes 16), Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2016, p. 156-171 ( ISBN 978-9462700918 ) .
Coomans Thomas, “Sint-Lucasneogotiek in Noord-China: Alphonse De Moerloose, missionaris en architect”, M&L. Monumenten, landschappen in archaeology, 32/5, 2013, p. 6-33 ( ( ISSN 0770-4984 ) ).
Coomans Thomas, “Our Lady of Sheshan in Shanghai, Basilica of the French Jesuits in China”, Monumental Bulletin , 176/2, 2018, p. 129-156 , ( ISBN 978-2-901837-72-5 ) ( read online ) [ archive ]
Thomas Coomans, “East Meets West on the Construction Site. Churches in China, 1840s-1930s”, Construction History , 33/2, 2018, p. 63-84 [ISSN 0267-7768].
Coomans Thomas 高曼士 & Xu Yitao 徐怡涛, Building Churches in Northern China. A 1926 Handbook in Context /徐怡涛, 舶来与本土——1926年法国传教士所撰中国北方教堂营造之研究 , Beijing: Intellectual Property Rights Publishing House, 2016, 449 p. ( ISBN 978-7-5130-4144-7 ) .
Coomans Thomas & Luo Wei 罗薇, “Exporting Flemish Gothic Architecture to China: Meaning and Context of the Churches of Shebiya (Inner Mongolia) and Xuanhua (Hebei) built by Missionary-Architect Alphonse De Moerloose in 1903-1906”, Relicta. Heritage Research in Flanders , 9, 2012, p. 219-262 ( read online ) [ archive ]
Luo Wei 罗薇, Transmission and Transformation of European Church Types in China: The Churches of the Scheut Missions beyond the Great Wall, 1865-1955 , KU Leuven, doctoral thesis (unpublished), Louvain, 2013, 505 p.
Ulenaers Sonja, Alphons Frederik De Moerloose CICM (1858-1932), KU Leuven, degree thesis (unpublished), Louvain, 1994, 83 and XXXVIII p.
Van Hecken Joseph, "Alphonse Frédéric De Moerloose CICM (1858-1932) and his work as an architect in China", Neue Zeitschrift für Missionwissenschaft / New review of missionary science , 24/3, 1968, p. 161-178.
1858 births
1932 deaths
20th-century Belgian architects
20th-century Belgian Roman Catholic priests
Roman Catholic missionaries in China | [
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Terra Ziporyn (born 1958) is an American science writer, novelist, playwright, and public health advocate whose books include The New Harvard Guide to Women's Health, Alternative Medicine for Dummies, and Nameless Diseases. She has written extensively on a wide range of health and medical issues for both medical professionals and the general public in publications including The Harvard Health Letter, JAMA, Consumer Reports, CNN, Education Week, Weight Watchers Magazine, Business Week, The Missouri Review, and The Huffington Post. As Terra Ziporyn Snider, her married name, she co-founded and became executive director of Start School Later, a public-health non-profit organization. She lives in Severna Park, Maryland with her husband J.H. Snider. She is the sister of Brook Ziporyn and Evan Ziporyn.
Education and career
Ziporyn graduated from Evanston Township High School in 1976. She received a BA in both history and biology (summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa) from Yale University, where she was the arts editor of the Yale Daily News. She earned an MA and PhD in the history of science and medicine as a Searle Fellow at the University of Chicago, where she conducted research in biopsychology in the laboratory of Martha McClintock. Ziporyn's dissertation, supervised by Lester S. King and published as Disease in the Popular American Press, focused on relationship between science and society. Ziporyn studied fiction and screenwriting at the Bread Loaf Writers Conference, Old Chatham Writers Conference, and Columbia College, and playwriting with Ted Tally at Yale University and Theatre Building Chicago's New Tuners Workshop.
In 1984 Ziporyn became an associate editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and in 1985 began freelancing for publications including The Harvard Health Letter, JAMA, Consumer Reports, CNN, Education Week, Weight Watchers Magazine, Business Week, The Missouri Review, and The Huffington Post. She was awarded a AAAS Mass Media Science Fellowship in 1979. She later received science writing fellowships from the American Chemical Society (1992) and the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole (1997).
In 2011 Ziporyn co-founded and became executive director of Start School Later, a 501(c)(3) organization comprising health professionals, sleep scientists, educators, parents, students, and other concerned citizens dedicated to raising awareness about adolescent sleep and helping communities ensure safe, healthy, and equitable school hours where students have an opportunity to get healthy sleep. Her writing about translating sleep research into school policy has been published in Sleep Science (Oxford University Press) Sleep, Health, and Society (Oxford University Press), and Sleep Health, the peer-reviewed journal of the National Sleep Foundation. She received the 2022 Public Service Award from the Sleep Research Society.
Selected works
Non-fiction books
The New Harvard Guide to Women’s Health (co-authored with Karen Carlson and Stephanie Eisenstat). Harvard University Press, 2004. Health Information Resource Center’s 1998 National Health Information Award in the book category of health promotion/disease and injury prevention information. Translated into Greek, Hebrew, Russian, Italian, Chinese, and Polish language editions.
Alternative Medicine for Dummies (co-authored with James Dillard). John Wiley & Sons,1998. Received the American Medical Writers Association Beth Fonda Award for excellence in medical communication for a lay audience.
Alternative Medicine for Dummies. Harper Audio, 1998.
The Harvard Guide to Women’s Health (co-authored with Karen Carlson and Stephanie Eisenstat). Harvard University Press and Pilgrim New Media, 1997.
The Women’s Concise Guide to Emotional Well-Being (co-authored with Karen Carlson and Stephanie Eisenstat). Harvard University Press, 1997.
The Women’s Concise Guide to a Healthier Heart (co-authored with Karen Carlson and Stephanie Eisenstat). Harvard University Press, 1997.
The Harvard Guide to Women's Health Cambridge (co-authored with Karen Carlson and Stephanie Eisenstat), 1996. CD version, 1997 via Pilgrim New Media.
Nameless Diseases. Rutgers University Press, 1992.
Future Shop: How New Technologies Will Change The Way We Shop and What We Buy. (co-authored with Jim Snider). St. Martin’s Press, 1992
Disease in The Popular American Press: The Case of Diphtheria, Typhoid Fever, and Syphilis, 1870-1920 Greenwood Press, 1988.
Fiction and plays
Permanent Makeup. Palta Books, 2014.
Do Not Go Gentle. iUniverse, 2006.
The Bliss of Solitude. Xlibris, 2002.
·Time's Fool. Xlibris, 2001. 1st Prize for Historical Fiction, Maryland Writers Association.
·Cupidity. Premiered at Yale University, April 2016.
The List. Read at Baltimore Playwrights Festival (Mobtown Playhouse), 2004.
To Be An Eagle! (Terra Ziporyn, book; Jim Hughes, lyrics; Lita Grier, music).
References
External links
Start School Later National Team
1958 births
Living people
American medical writers
Women science writers
Women medical writers
Yale University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
People from Evanston, Illinois
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists | [
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Santa Maria Liberatrice a Monte Testaccio is a 20th-century parochial church and titular church on the Monte Testaccio in Rome, dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus.
History
Santa Maria Liberatrice a Monte Testaccio was built in 1908 to serve the new suburb at Monte Testaccio, and put in the care of the Salesian Order and the Oblates of St. Frances of Rome. It took its title and much of its artwork from the old church of Santa Maria Antiqua in the Forum.
On 5 February 1965, it was made a titular church to be held by a cardinal-deacon.
Cardinal-Protectors
Giuseppe Beltrami (1967–1973); cardinal-priest pro hac vice
Opilio Rossi (1976–1987)
Antonio María Javierre Ortas (1988–2007); promoted to cardinal-priest pro hac vice in 1999
Giovanni Lajolo (2007–present); promoted to cardinal-priest pro hac vice in 2018
References
External links
Titular churches
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1908
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Churches of Rome (rione Testaccio)
Romanesque Revival church buildings
Byzantine Revival architecture
Salesian churches in Italy | [
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Chaleco may refer to:
Francisco Abad Moreno "Chaleco" ( 1808–1815), Spanish guerrilla
Francisco López Contardo (born 1975), also known as "Chaleco", Chilean motorcyclist
Chaleco, a type of clothing worn by the Quechua people | [
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Workers and Peasants Party may refer to:
Workers and Peasants Party (Egypt)
Workers and Peasants Party (France)
Workers and Peasants Party (India)
Workers' and Peasants' Party (Japan)
Workers' and Peasants' Party (Liechtenstein)
Workers and Peasants Party (Philippines) | [
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The Tinder Swindler is a British true crime documentary film directed by Felicity Morris and released on Netflix on February 2, 2022. The documentary tells the story of the Israeli conman Simon Leviev (born Shimon Hayut) who used the dating application Tinder to connect with individuals who he then emotionally manipulated into financially supporting his lavish lifestyle on the pretense he needed the money to escape his "enemies."
Plot and background
An Israeli man, born Shimon Hayut, travelled around Europe, presenting himself as the son of Russian-Israeli diamond mogul Lev Leviev. He used the dating app Tinder to contact women as Simon Leviev, and tricked them into lending him money that he never repaid. He would charm women with lavish gifts and take them to dinners on private jets using money he borrowed from other women he previously conned. He would later pretend he was being targeted by his "enemies", often sending the same messages and images to each woman, indicating that he had just been attacked with a knife, but that his bodyguard had saved him and was hurt. He then asked his victims to help him financially due to the breach of 'security', allegedly hindering his use of his credit cards and bank accounts; the women would often take out bank loans and new credit cards in order to help. He would then use the money gained through the deception to lure new victims, while essentially operating a Ponzi scheme. Later, he would pretend to repay his victims by sending forged documents showing fake bank transfers and then break off contact with the victims. It's estimated that he swindled $10 million from people across the globe.
Responses
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 96% based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 7.50/10.
Kevin Maher of The Times gave the film 4/5 stars, describing it as "the Jaws of internet dating documentaries" and wrote: "it's so visceral, propulsive and alarming that the prospect of online dating after The Tinder Swindler might seem very foolhardy indeed." Rebecca Nicholson of The Guardian also gave it 4/5 stars, writing: "The Tinder Swindler is snappy and smart and leaves you wanting more, rather than scraping the barrel for every possible angle." Ed Cumming of The Independent also gave it 4/5 stars, saying: "Despite the great yarn at its centre, [the film] sometimes lapses into the self-indulgence common to so many modern documentaries, with endless shadowy reconstructions and a heart-tugging soundtrack."
Brian Lowry of CNN was more critical of the film, writing: "Combining the qualities of a Lifetime movie with a catchy title, the marketable elements scarcely mask that the story is actually kind of a bore."
The movie clocked 45.8 million hours viewed globally across the week January 31-February 6, and hit the top 10 on Netflix in 92 countries.
Other responses
Following the release of the film, Tinder permanently banned Leviev from its platform. Match Group, Tinder's parent company, also banned Leviev from its other dating apps - Hinge, Match.com, Plenty of Fish, and OkCupid.
Variety reported on 4 February 2022 that Netflix was planning to make the documentary into a dramatized movie.
Netflix released a special three-part podcast companion that tells about the making of the documentary and digs deeper into Leviev's life and methods.
On 5 February 2022, the three victims set up a GoFundMe fundraiser campaign to compensate their debts.
On 22 February 2022, Piotr Kaluski, introduced to women and depicted in the film as Leviev's bodyguard, sued Netflix for $5.6million claiming he was portrayed inaccurately.
In late February 2022, Leviev launched an NFT collection and merchandise with images seen and quotes heard in the film.
References
External links
The Tinder Swindler at Netflix's Tudum
2022 films
2022 documentary films
British documentary films
True crime
English-language films
English-language Netflix original films
2020s documentary film stubs | [
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Sir Arthur David Brooks, GBE (6 March 1864 – 7 April 1930) was Lord Mayor of Birmingham in 1917, 1918, and 1919.
References
1864 births
1930 deaths
Lord Mayors of Birmingham, West Midlands | [
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The Korean Basketball League rookie draft (Korean: 한국프로농구 신인드래프트) is an annual event that allows teams to take turns selecting amateur basketball players and other eligible players.
The KBL rookie draft takes place after the professional season has begun as college competitions generally conclude in August or September. Players from college teams will finish competing in the Korean Universities Basketball Federation and declare eligibility for the upcoming draft. They attend a series of try-outs organized by the KBL roughly analogous to the NFL Scouting Combine and NBA Draft Combine, although their performances during the try-outs do not affect their draft rankings as much compared to the NFL or NBA combines since the media and KBL coaches and scouts evaluate players much earlier through performances in collegiate competitions, the Professional-Amateur Series tournament and the national team.
Eligibility
Only South Korean citizens (FIBA-registered nationality) are eligible to be drafted. Foreign players are drafted separately due to an existing foreign player quota while foreign players who have a Korean parent but hold a foreign nationality may be drafted through the ethnic draft and not be counted as a foreign player.
The applicant must first be registered with the Korean Basketball Association as an amateur in order to be eligible for the draft. Regardless of background, all applicants must apply through a "general public draft" (Korean: 일반인 드래프트). Generally, there are two categories of applicants:
1) Players enrolled in and playing for a university registered as a member of the Korean Universities Basketball Federation (KUBF)
2) Other categories of amateur players, which include:
High school students in their final year of high school (Korean: 고3; high school senior) who wish to enter the professional league without playing college basketball
South Korean nationals who played for a high school or university team outside South Korea
Undrafted players from the previous year
University students enrolled at an institution without a basketball team, or is not a member of the KUBF
Players from a KUBF-member institution but had taken a leave of absence from the team and wish to return
All players go through a try-out and have their height, weight and arm span measurements taken. Players from the first category are then automatically added to the KBL's rookie list while players from the second category must pass another try-out which includes playing in a series of 3x3 and 5x5 games, with KBL scouts and coaches in attendance. Their names are then added to the rookie list if nominated.
Venue
From its inception until 2012, the draft took place in a hotel convention room or exhibition hall. Since 2013, it has taken place at the Jamsil Students' Gymnasium in Seoul.
List of first overall picks
First overall picks by university
See also
Draft (sports)
Notes
References
External Links
Draft / 드래프트 — Korean Basketball League official website
Recurring sporting events established in 1998
1998 establishments in South Korea | [
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The Church of Saint Quentin () is a church in Tournai, Belgium. The largely Romanesque building is located on the main square of the town, the . Known to have existed since the 10th century, the current building was built around 1200, but has been altered several times throughout history. In the late 15th century, a major reconstruction effort altered the chancel, created an ambulatory and replaced earlier side chapels. This reconstruction was partially financed by tapestry maker Pasquier Grenier and his wife Marguerite de Lannoye, who were also buried in one of the chapels. During World War II, the church was heavily damaged by German bombing in 1940 and subsequently reconstructed after the war. It opened again in 1968. The current facade and tower are reconstructions from this period. Inside, the church contains two Late Gothic wooden sculptures, made by Jean Delemer and painted by Robert Campin and dated to 1428. They are of art historical interest as early examples of such Late Gothic sculpture.
History
The church is mentioned for the first time in written sources during the 10th century. It is located at the far end of the , where a large Gallo-Roman cemetery was once located. The current building dates from 1200, and was built in a Romanesque style. It originally consisted of a nave, a transept and a chancel with four side chapels. The lowest windows were set in deep arcades, while the windows higher up were incorporated into a gallery running around the entire church facade. In the first building, only some of the chapels were vaulted.
The church has however been altered several times. Already in the 13th century, the chancel and the transept arms were vaulted. In the 1460s, the chancel was remade. The side chapels were changed into an ambulatory with three projecting chapels. The chancel was separated from the ambulatory by arcades. This reconstruction, made in a Flamboyant Gothic style, was partially financed by the wealthy tapestry maker Pasquier Grenier and his wife Marguerite de Lannoye, who were also buried in the central chapel. Among the murals that decorate the chapel vaults, their coat of arms can still be discerned. Grenier also donated seven tapestries to the church, displaying the seven sacraments. They were later dispersed and entered the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, the Victoria and Albert Museum, London and the Burrell Collection, Glasgow.
Further changes were made to the church during the 19th century, by architect . In the early 20th century restoration works were carried out by architects and François Ladavid. During World War II, the church was heavily damaged by German bombing in 1940. Restoration works continued until 1968, when the church was again opened for service.
Description
The current facade is a reconstruction from the 1960s. Inside, a nave four bays long ends in a large crossing, supporting a square tower which the medieval building probably never had; it is also from the 1960s. The chancel, described above, is two bays long, and the transept arms also consist of two bays of unequal length. With the exception of the nave and the crossing, the entire church has rib vaults.
The church contains two wooden sculptures depicting the Annunciation made by Jean Delemer and painted by Robert Campin. They were made in 1428, while the colours and the heads of the sculptures have been restored in more recent times. The group, which shows clear influences from contemporary painting, is significant as "the earliest example of the Late Gothic style that was to dominate the sculpture of the Netherlands and most of Europe for the following century." They were originally made for another church in Tournai, dedicated to Saint Peter, but since 2010 they are displayed in Saint Quentin.
References
Romanesque architecture in Belgium
Churches in Hainaut (province)
Tournai | [
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Sir Thomas Robert Gardiner, GCB, GBE (8 March 1883 – 1 January 1964) was a British civil servant. He was Director-General of the Post Office from 1936 to 1945 and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Home Security from 1939 to 1940.
References
https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-33326
1883 births
1964 deaths
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Civil servants in the General Post Office
British civil servants
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh | [
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Elections to the Zetland County Council were held on 12 May 1970 as part of Scottish local elections. Elections were held in every part of Shetland except Lerwick to elect 24 landward members to the County Council, who would be joined by nine nominated members from the Lerwick Town Council. Only five of 24 seats were contested.
Incumbent Council Convener Robert Johnson was unanimously re-elected for a second term after the election but would only serve a further two months until his death in July, after which Edward Thomason was elected to the position.
Election results
Ward Results
By-elections since 1970
References
Zetland
Shetland Islands Council elections | [
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Sir Christopher Frederick Ashton Warner, GBE, KCMG (17 January 1895 – 13 January 1957) was a British diplomat. He was British Ambassador to Belgium from 1951 to 1955.
References
https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-244169
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Belgium
1957 deaths
Members of HM Diplomatic Service
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
1895 births
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Royal Fusiliers officers
British Army personnel of World War I | [
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This is a list of years in Equatorial Guinea.
20th century
21st century
History of Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
years | [
101,
2023,
2003,
1037,
2862,
1997,
2086,
1999,
21333,
7102,
1012,
3983,
2301,
7398,
2301,
2381,
1997,
21333,
7102,
21333,
7102,
2086,
102
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Kongsi Raya (Chinese: 姜味关系) is a 2022 Malaysian comedy drama film. It tells the story of a Chinese chef who is in love with a Malay TV producer, but their relationship faces objections from both of their long-feuding chef fathers. Things gets out of hand when the fathers decide to rival in a live TV cooking competition showdown.
It is released on 3 February 2022 in Malaysian cinemas. The film stars Wilson Lee, Qasrina Karim, Harith Iskander, Erra Fazira, Chew Kin Wah, Ong Ai Leng and Teddy Chin.
It is one of the five 2022 Malaysian and Singaporean Chinese New Year films, including Nasi Lemak 1.0 and Small Town Heroes (Malaysia), Ah Girls Go Army and Reunion Dinner (Singapore).
Synopsis
The film tells the story of a young couple, Jack, a Chinese man and Sharifah, a Malay woman. Jack is a chef and manager of a restaurant owned by his father, who is a big chef. Sharifah is a TV programme producer for his father, Rahim, who is also a famous celebrity chef.
When they decides to introduce themselves to their parents, both mothers approve them but both their fathers are shocked and opposed them being together. This matter became worse for both families when both chef dads challenge each other in all-out cooking competition that will go live on TV. Jack and Sharifah must find a solution before it gets out of hand. Can they mend and persuade their fathers to come in terms?
Cast
Wilson Lee
Qasrina Karim
Harith Iskander
Erra Fazira
Chew Kin Wah
Ong Ai Leng
Teddy Chin
Release
The film is directed by Teddy Chin. The title term Kongsi Raya refers to the years when the dates of Chinese New Year and Hari Raya Aidilfitri take place in the same period of time. This happens every 33 years due to Islamic calendar shifts. From 1996 to 1998, Chinese New Year and Hari Raya used to fall on the same week. This situation will repeat between 2029 and 2031. This term was coined and used in Malaysia and Singapore to commemorate the celebration of two festivals together.
References
External links
Find cinema location and schedules: Malaysia
Malaysian films
Malaysian comedy films
2022 comedy-drama films | [
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Egar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Colin Egar (1928–2008), Australian Test cricket umpire
Shuli Egar, American comedian
Ras Muhamad (born 1982), Indonesian reggae singer (born Muhamad Egar)
See also
Eager (disambiguation)
Eger (disambiguation)
Edgar (disambiguation) | [
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The 2022 Legends Tour is a series of professional golf tour events for women aged 45 and older sanctioned by the Legends Tour. Based in the United States, it is an offshoot of the main U.S.-based women's tour, the LPGA Tour. The tour was founded in 2001, and is intended to allow women to prolong their competitive golf careers on the model of the successful Champions Tour for men.
Schedule and results
The table below shows the schedule of events for the 2022 Legends Tour season. The number in parentheses after each winner's name is the number of Legends Tour events she had won up to and including that tournament.
References
External links
Official site
Legends Tour
Legends Tour | [
101,
1996,
16798,
2475,
9489,
2778,
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Yakut shamanism is a folk religion traditionally practiced by the Yakuts. Accounts of the supernatural have been preserved in the olonkho, a musical folklore tradition. After the Russian conquest of the Yakut homeland in the 17th century some influences from Orthodox Christianity began. During the Soviet Union adherents were persecuted and the faith had to be practiced in secret. After the establishment of the Russian Federation revivalist movements like the Aiyy Faith. Aspects of Yakut shamanism have been promoted by the Sakha Republic, like the Yhyakh festival.
Legendary protigentiors
Oral histories from the Yakut state their first ancestors were Omogoy Baai () and Ellei Bootur (). The first complete account was written by a member of the Great Northern Expedition, Lindenau, during the mid-18th century. He stated that both men lived on the upper Lena and their descendant Toyon Badzhey later moved to the middle Lena. This version stands out compared to written recordings made a century afterwards, where Omogoy and Ellei themselves migrate to the Middle Lena. This chane could have occurred due to "the process of developing ethnic self-consciousness" from Yakut inhabitation of the Middle Lena where "the ancient version was rethought accordingly."
In later accounts Omogoy Baai traveled to Tuymaada Valley of the Middle Lena in the vicinity of modern Yakutsk upon the advice of a shaman. Once there the gods Ieyehsit () and Aiyysyt () assisted him in locating a mare and a pregnant cow, which is seen as a folk memory of livestock domestication. The epithet "baai" (lit. "rich man") characterizes Omogoy as the materially affluent patriarch head of his clan. The homestead Omogoi created was an earthen hut without a stove or chimney. Further, it is claimed that he and his relatives were unaware of blacksmithing or spiritually potent music.
Ellei is seen by scholars as a cultural progenitor of the Yakut. Where he came from ranges in stories from not being specified, around Lake Baikal, or the lands of either the Urankhay, Mongols, or Tatars. This variety potentially arose from the cultural diversity of Lake Baikal tribes that later became ancestors of the Yakut. Arriving at the Middle Lena, Ellei became a slave of Omogoy and later married one of his daughters. Angry at this development Omogoy evicted his daughter and Ellei but gave them a single horse and cow. Despite the rift the two families cooperated on joint hunting excursions. Skilled as a blacksmith and carpenter, Ellei constructed a homestead with a window, door, stove, and chimney. He also built animal pens and shelters for his livestock.
Ellei later created the spring koumiss festival Ysyakh, a holiday still celebrated by the Yakut. Omogoy was reluctant to attend the new event but eventually arrived. Ellei's eldest son presided as shaman and after holding a blessing for the ceremony he arose to heaven. While accounts vary, Omogoy is usually stated to have offended the patron deities of Ysyakh and was killed by them.
Uluu Khoro
In Khoro Yakut folklore neither Omogoy or Ellei is an ancestral predecessor. Instead their progenitor is an old man that rode a bull, Uluu Khoro. The Khoro people left their reportedly warm homeland and followed Uluu Khoro north through the Lena Plateau, where he named the Amga and Tatta Rivers. Upon reaching the alas Myuryu near the Middle Lena the Khorolors celebrated yhyakh. During festivities their encampment was attacked with fire arrows by a local inhabitant. The Khorolors fled across the Lena and settled on the western bank there for several generations until Tygyn evicted them. In consequence the Khorolors moved into present-day Verkhnevilyuysky and Suntarsky Districts, with Khoro eventually named after them.
References
Bibliography
Books
Sakha Republic
Yakuts
Yakut mythology | [
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Jack Brady is an Irish professional footballer, who plays as a goalkeeper for League of Ireland First Division team Treaty United.
Early life
Jack Brady was born in Dublin on the 17th of December 1996.Brady was educated at St Anne's Community College in Killaloe.
Club career
Brady spent his youth years at Dublin clubs St. Kevin's Boys, and Shelbourne F.C.. He started to appear on the bench frequently during the 2015 season and made his debut in a 2–0 home win against Cobh Ramblers. He went on to make 20 appearances for the club.
In 2017 Longford Town signed Brady until the end of the season. While there he made seven league appearance, and was usually used as a substitute.
In 2018 Brady moved back south and signed for Limerick F.C.. While there he was a regular starter and made 30 league appearances before the clubs liquidation.
In 2020 Brady returned to Shelbourne.
Brady signed for new Limerick club Treaty United in 2021.
References
1996 births
Living people
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Association football goalkeepers
League of Ireland players
Shelbourne F.C. players
Treaty United F.C. players | [
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William DeJarnette Quesenberry (March 10, 1828 – December 8, 1901) was a Democratic politician who served as a member of the Virginia Senate, eventually rising to become president pro tempore of that body. He later served one term in the Virginia House of Delegates.
References
External links
1828 births
1901 deaths
Virginia Democrats
Virginia state senators
19th-century American politicians | [
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Robin Lee Chazdon (born 1957) is an American tropical ecologist. She is a professor emeritus of ecology and evolutionary biology in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Connecticut.
Early life and education
Chazdon was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1957. While attending Kenwood High School, she participated on their swimming team. During high school, she became aware of environmental problems and gravitated toward studying ecology. As a result, Chazdon enrolled at Grinnell College with the goal of becoming a plant ecologist and field biologist. She was advised by her academic advisor to join a field study program in Costa Rica, which she did from January–June 1976. Upon graduating from Grinnell College, she received her doctoral degree in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Cornell University in 1984. As a graduate student at Cornell, Chazdon completed her dissertation research at La Selva where she focused on understanding how understory palm trees could grow in the deep shade.
Career
Upon earning her PhD, Chazdon completed three post-doctoral fellowships before becoming an assistant professor at the University of Connecticut (UConn) in 1988. She eventually received tenure in 1994 and was promoted to the rank of full professor in 2000. In this role, she served as the president of the Association for Tropical Biology and was a member-at-large to the Governing Board of the Ecological Society of America. In this role, she became a Fulbright Senior Scholar which supported her project titled "Effects of Forest Structure and Canopy Closure on Tree and Sapling Growth in Wet Tropical Forests." During the 2003–2004, Chazdon received the President's Medal from the British Ecological Society and was named UConn's Faculty Member of the Year. She was also named the editor-in-chief of the journal Biotropica after having previously served on the governing board. In 2007, Chazdon collaborated with Brazilian and Mexican researchers to examine the validity of "chronosequence" studies in La Selva.
While serving in these roles, Chazdon began long-term studies on tropical forest regeneration in northeastern Costa Rica and led a 10-year multi-country research project involving long-term ecological studies on tropical forest regeneration in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Brazil. In May 2013, Chazdon was invited to partake in a discussion of tropical forest ecology and climate change with the Royal Society in London. She credited her selection for the committee due to research into tropical forest regrowth and her scholarly book Second Chance: Tropical Forest Regeneration in an Age of Deforestation. Following this, she published her book Second growth: The promise of tropical forest regeneration in an age of deforestation through the University of Chicago Press which was formed as a guide to restoration. Later, Chazdon became the director of the Tropical Reforestation Research Coordination Network (PARTNERS) which aimed to utilize both natural and social sciences to understand drivers and outcomes of deforestation in the tropics. In 2015, Chazdon was awarded a National Geographic Grant titled “Seedling regeneration and tree-frugivore interaction networks during tropical forest regeneration” in Costa Rica.
Chazdon retired from the University of Connecticut in 2016 to become a Research Professor of Tropical Forest Restoration at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. Despite leaving the institution, Chazdon remained a professor emeritus of ecology and evolutionary biology in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Since retiring, she began working in public policy with Forestoration International, became a Senior Fellow for the World Resources Institute's Global Restoration Initiative, and a Senior Research Associate with the International Institute for Sustainability Rio. In 2020, Chazdon was named an honorary fellow of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.
Personal life
Chazdon and her husband Robert K. Colwell have two children together.
References
External links
Living people
1957 births
Scientists from Chicago
American ecologists
University of Connecticut faculty
Academic journal editors
Grinnell College alumni
Cornell University alumni | [
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The Battle of Villabuona (sometimes spelled "Villabona") was a battle fought on 29 May 1630 in the frazione of Villabona (a locality in the comune of Goito) in southern Lombardy during the Mantuan war of succession between an allied Franco-Venetian army led by the Venetian provveditore Zaccaria Sagredo and the French commander Duc de Candale on one side and the Imperial army of Mathias Gallas on the other. The more numerous Franco-Venetians and their Mantuan allies hoped to end the Imperial siege of Mantua but were comprehensively defeated by Gallas' smaller force, numbering perhaps 10,000 men. The defeat was tactically and strategically significant for the allies and "rendered the outcome of the siege of Mantua a foregone conclusion", leading to the collapse of the city's defenses and its infamous sack later that year.
Position of the two armies
The Genoese Pietro Giovanni Capriata states in his influential, pro-Hapsburg account of the war of Mantuan succession that in the lead up to the clash the larger French and Venetian army had left Venetian territory and marched south-west to face the Imperial army then gathered at Goito, a town in the contested territory of the Duchy of Mantova controlling the road between Mantua and Verona and a key crossing on the river Mincio. As they advanced closer to the enemy the French and Venetian commanders made "resolutions (...) to take Villabuona, Marengo [a locality in the comune of Marmirolo] and San Britio [also in the comune of Marmirolo], which are places near Valeggio".Later accounts supplied by the Venetian historian and author Girolamo Brusoni specify that the Chevalier de la Valette, half-brother of the French commander, the Duc de Candale, occupied the village of Marengo, while Venetian commander colonel Ludovico Vimercati occupied and fortified with trenches the nearby hamlet of Villabuona. The Duc de Candale, Zaccaria Sagredo and the greater part of the Franco-Venetian forces all seem to have still been in nearby Valeggio Sul Mincio, the principal market-town of the area, when the engagement between Franco-Venetians and Imperial troops began on the 29 of May.
Venetians at Villabuona
The battle took place in and around the Venetian position at Villabuona. Girolamo Brusoni states that the Venetians had dug trenches in Villabuona after taking over the place, but this is denied by the Mantuan historian Federico Amedei, who insists that no fortifications were present, and that the village was a mere hamlet with no real defenses. The contemporary Creman historian Ludovico Canobio states instead that the principal part of the hamlet of Villabuona consisted of a large walled farmhouse with a courtyard and four entrances to it, and that the Venetian commander Vimercati - who was from Crema, and may have supplied Canobio with his account of the engagement - had ordered "some earthbanks to be raised and to also to make in the walls some slits and holes for muskets". He also adds that just before the engagement began three companies of Venetian light horsemen ("cappelletti") had come to Villabuona to reinforce Vimercati's detachment.
Battle
The first clash between the two opposing armies occurred outside of Villabuona as "some companies of Croats" from the Imperial army and Venetian "cappelletti" that were scouting the countryside ran into each other. The Venetian historian Vianoli's account of the battle uses the ethnic term "Albanesi" instead of the specific military term "cappelletti" for the Venetian troops involved in the opening phase of the battle against the Croats, but as most cappelletti were recruited in Albania the two terms were sometimes used interchangeably, and so Vianoli is most likely referencing the same body of light cavalry. All Venetian accounts of the battle suggest that though the Cappelletti fought valiantly against the Croats, they were outnumbered and soon found themselves in difficulty. The arrival of French cavalry and Mantuan volunteers led by the Chevalier de la Valette won the cappelletti some reprieve, but the Franco-Venetian troops were eventually driven back to their defensive positions in the hamlet of Villabuona.
Pietro Giovanni Capriata's account suggests the arrival of a large group of German soldiers in Imperial pay was crucial in turning the tide and forcing the French and Venetians to retreat to the hamlet after the initial engagement with the Croat troops.
Imperial troops then attacked the hamlet. Brusoni states that three assaults were repealed before a carefully placed six-gun battery drove the Venetian forces away, allowing Imperial forces to take control of the village, and to capture the Chevalier de la Valette in the ensuing fight. Capriata, the pro-Imperial chronicler writes that German cannon-fire was key in capturing Villabuona. Canobio states instead that the Chevalier de la Valette was captured during an ill-fated cavalry sortie out of the fortified farmhouse, as he tried to link up with more French and Venetian reinforcements advancing at that time from Valeggio. Canobio also states that de la Valette's capture demoralized the defenders. Hard-pressed by Imperial artillery fire and with no relief in sight the Franco-Venetian survivors had to retreat towards Valeggio. Canobio adds that colonel Vimercati managed to maintain some degree of discipline among the retreating Venetian infantry, and that musket fire kept the Imperial pursuers at bay.
Both Brusoni and Capriata state that an attempt by Venetian forces from Valeggio to either recapture part of the hamlet or to relieve its beleaguered defenders failed, and that Venetian horsemen were driven away by accurate Imperial musket-fire issuing from the newly captured buildings in the hamlet.
Retreat from Valeggio sul Mincio
After the loss of Villabuona, on the morning of the 30th of May, the battered Franco-Venetian army decided to quit Valeggio and to seek refuge at Peschiera or in other forts in the territory of the Republic. But the retreat to Venetian territory turned into a catastrophic rout, and the Venetian army disintegrated as it was pursued by Imperial forces and Gallas caught up with the allied rearguard. Only a reargued action fought by the Duc de Candale's French contingent saved the allied army from total disaster, though it resulted in the destruction of the greater part of the Duc de Candale's personal force. Capriata writes that 4,000 "Venetians" (a number possibly including French casualties too) were killed in the engagements, and that 26 banners - of which 4 were French fleur-de-lys flags - were captured during the battle at Villabuona and the following rout from Valeggio sul Mincio. Capriata also notes that the slain and wounded amongst the "Tedeschi" did not amount to 400, but provides no number of Croat or other Imperial dead and wounded.
Aftermath
After the battle, the Venetian authorities opened an investigation into the purportedly dishonorable conduct of the Venetian provveditore Zaccaria Sagredo, then commander in chief of the Venetian forces on campaign and the man responsible for ordering the disastrous retreat from Valeggio. Sagredo was found guilty of unbecoming conduct and sentenced to ten years of rigorous imprisonment and to a perpetual ban from public office - a sentence which was almost immediately commuted to confinement in the then Venetian town of Sibenik in Dalmatia. Sagredo was soon allowed again to hold public office, and eventually became podestá of Padua.
References
Villabuona
Villabuona
Villabuona
Villabuona
Villabuona
Villabuona | [
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William Stickney may refer to:
William Stickney (golfer), American golfer
William W. Stickney (politician) (William Wallace Stickney), American lawyer and politician in Vermont
William W. Stickney (USMC) (William Wallace Stickney), United States Marine Corps general and lawyer
William Weir Stickney, American attorney and politician in New Hampshire
William Stickney (board of directors member), member of the board of directors of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf | [
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Cyperus amuricus is a species of sedge that is native to parts of Asia.
See also
List of Cyperus species
References
amuricus
Plants described in 1859
Taxa named by Karl Maximovich
Flora of China
Flora of Korea
Flora of Japan
Flora of Taiwan
Flora of Tibet | [
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The 2022 Portland City Commission elections will be held on May 17, 2022, and November 8, 2022.
2 positions are up for election. Position 2 and Position 3 are held by Dan Ryan and Jo Ann Hardesty respectively who have both running for re-election.
Portland has no term-limits on officeholders.
Position
Incumbent Dan Ryan has filed for re-election. Four other candidates have also filed to run for the seat and two additional candidates have filed but since withdrawn from the race.
Candidates
Dan Ryan, Incumbent City Commissioner
Avraham Cox
Michael Simpson, X-Ray Technician and volunteer for AFL–CIO
Sophie Sumney-Koivisto, Karaoke Host
Alanna Joy "AJ" McCreary, Founder and executive director of Equitable Giving Circle
Withdrawn
Jamila Aurora Dozier, Policy Coordinator at Portland Housing Bureau
Brandon Farley
Results
Position 3
Incumbent Jo Ann Hardesty Has filed for re-election. Seven other candidates have also filed to run for the seat.
Candidates
Jo Ann Hardesty, Incumbent City Commissioner
Peggy Sue Owens, Glass company administrator
Vadim Mozyrsky, Administrative Law Judge
Rene Gonzalez, Attorney
Dale Hardt
Chad Leisey, Business owner and volunteer firefighter
Jeffrey A. Wilebski, Teacher and school administrator
Steven B. Cox
Results
References
Government of Portland, Oregon
Portland, Oregon City Commission
Portland, Oregon City Commission | [
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{{Infobox writer
| name = Salman Hadi Tumah
| movement =
| native_name =
| death_place =
| death_date =
| signature =
| website =
| notableworks = Heritage of Karbala Karbala in the memory The History of the Husayn and Abbas shrines| subject =
| image = Salman Hadi al-Touma, al-Sadiq TV - Oct 19, 2020.jpg
| period =
| nationality = Iraqi
| occupation =
| education =
| birth_place = Karbala, Kingdom of Iraq
| birth_date =
| birth_name = Salman Hadi Muhammad Tumah
| pseudonym =
| caption =
| native_name_lang = ar
| alma_mater = University of Baghdad (BA) The Islamic Civilization Open University (MA) Islamic University of Lebanon (MA) The Islamic Civilization Open University (PhD)
| resting_place =
| honorific_prefix = Sayyid Dr.
| children = 2
}}
Sayyid Salman Hadi Tumah''' (; born February 16, 1935), is an Iraqi poet, writer, and historian.
He is considered Karbala's leading historian, writing a plethora of records on the city's history and heritage, as well its inhabitants and notables.
Early life and education
Tumah was born on February 16, 1935, to Hadi Tumah and to the daughter of Ahmed Tumah. He hails from the noble Al Faiz family, and claims agnatic descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and her husband, Ali, the first Shia Imam. His grandfather, Salih Tumah (d. 1901) was a member of the governing council of Karbala in the late Ottoman era.
He had both an academic and religious primary education. His religious education was held at the Imam Husayn shrine, and he was taught Quran by Sheikh Hasan Kusa; Arabic by Sheikh Abd al-Husayn al-Baydhani, and Islamic History by Sayyid Abd al-Husayn al-Killidar. He graduated from Karbala High School in 1951. He then graduated from the Teachers' Institute in 1959, and was assigned as a teacher in a number of Karbala's schools. He then completed his education in the Psychology department of the University of Baghdad, graduating with a BA in 1971.
A while after his retirement, he went to Lebanon and graduated with a MA. In 2009, he received his PhD from The Islamic Civilization Open University, and a year later, graduated with a second MA from the Islamic University of Lebanon, with his dissertation being about Sufi exegesis of the Quran (Ibn Arabi).
Career
He set up a literary society along with a group of laureates named The Middle Euphrates Association in 1956, and it remained until 1959.
He worked as a teacher in the 1960s, and retired in 1985, to then become a full-time researcher. His research consisted of history, genealogy, and religious theology.
He received a 48 ijaza's in narrating hadiths from notable scholars such as Agha Bozorg Tehrani, Muhammad-Mehdi al-Isfahani, Shihab al-Din al-Mar'ashi, Yusuf al-Khurasani, Muhammad-Mehdi al-Khirsan, Husayn al-Mahfudh, Muhammad-Saeed al-Hakim, Sadiq al-Shirazi, Ishaq al-Fayadh and others.
Works
Books
Tumah has published over a 70 books, spanning between literature, poetry, and history. He also has more than 30 books in manuscript format. Some of his most notable works include:
Turath Karbala [Karbala's Heritage] (1964 & 1983 & 2011).
Karbala Fi al-Thakirah [Karbala in the memory]. (1982)
A'lam al-Shu'ara' al-Abbasiyeen [Notable Abbasid Poets] (1987).
Asha'er Karbala Wa Usariha [Families and Tribes of Karbala] (1998).
Mu'jam Khutaba' Karbala [Glossary of Karbalaei Orators] (1999).
Kaarbala Athna' Thawrat al-Ishreen [Karbalaei during the 1920 revolt] (2000).
Diwan Abul Mahasin al-Karbalaei. Compilation of poetry by Muhammad-Hasan Abu al-Mahasin.
Diwan Sheikh Muhsin Abu al-Hab.
Diwan Jawad Bedget.
Poetry
Tumah has also written number of poems, and some of his notable poems include:
A poem in mourning the tragic bloodbath of Husayn, that starts with:
A poem about the valiant stand of Karbala in the 1920 revolt, that starts with:
Personal life
Tumah is married to his cousin, the daughter of Muhammad Ahmed Tumah, and has two children. His son, Ahmed is a professor in electrical engineering, having achieved his doctorate from Brunel University, and teaches at the University of Karbala. His cousin and brother-in-law, Adnan Tumah (d. 2021) is a professor of Andalusian history and literature.
References
External links
ARABIC BOOKS BY AL TUMAH, SALMAN HADI by Arabic Bookshop'' (in Arabic)
People from Karbala
Living people
1935 births
Iraqi writers
20th-century Iraqi poets
21st-century Iraqi poets
Iraqi historians of religion | [
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The following lists events that happened during 1979 in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.
Incumbents
President: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Prime Minister: Post abolished (12 October 1968 – 15 August 1982)
Events
3 August - Dictator Francisco Macías Nguema of Equatorial Guinea was overthrown in a bloody coup d'état led by his nephew, Teodoro Obiang
18 August - Ousted dictator Francisco Macías Nguema is captured near his home village of Mongomo.
23 August - The first ministerial cabinet of the Supreme Military Council was constituted, composed of eleven members:
29 September - Francisco Macías Nguema and six other defendants were convicted of genocide, embezzlement and treason, and were executed by a firing squad of soldiers from Western Sahara.
31 October - For the first time since 1971, a cooperation agreement and a protocol of action was signed between Spain and Equatorial Guinea, followed on 5 December by a financial cooperation agreement, and two protocols.
Births
20 November - Miguel Mba, Equatoguinean football goalkeeper
See also
Francisco Pascual Obama Asue
2004 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état attempt
References
1979 in Equatorial Guinea
1970s in Equatorial Guinea
Years of the 20th century in Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea | [
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Markus Wagner (born 12 June 1964) is a German politician from the Alternative for Germany party. He has been leader of his group in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2017.
Personal life
He and his wife have an adopted son from Haiti.
References
Living people
1964 births
Members of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
21st-century German politicians
Alternative for Germany politicians
Landtag group leaders (North Rhine-Westphalia) | [
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The 2022 Portland City Auditor election will be held on May 17, 2022, and November 8, 2022.
The office is currently represented by Mary Hull Caballero who has not yet announced her intention to run for a new term.
Candidates
Simone Rede, former Senior Management Auditor for Metro
Brian Setzler, Certified Public Accountant
References
2022 Oregon elections
2022 in Portland, Oregon | [
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Gabriel Ferreira Neris (born 29 October 2001), known as Gabriel Tota, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Juventude.
Club career
Born in Santa Fé do Sul, São Paulo, Gabriel Tota represented Araçatuba, América-SP, and Novorizontino as a youth. He made his senior debut while on loan at Rio Preto in 2020.
In 2021, Gabriel Tota moved to Mirassol and returned to the under-20 squad. He first appeared with the main squad on 25 September of that year, starting in a 1–2 Série C home loss against former side Novorizontino.
On 22 January 2022, after impressing in the year's Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior, Gabriel Tota was one of the nine players definitely promoted to Mirassol's first team, but moved to Série A side Juventude five days later, on a four-year contract.
Gabriel Tota made his debut for Ju on 3 February 2022, coming on as a second-half substitute for Jadson and scoring the opener in a 1–1 Campeonato Gaúcho home draw against Novo Hamburgo.
Career statistics
References
2001 births
Living people
Footballers from São Paulo (state)
Brazilian footballers
Association football midfielders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Grêmio Novorizontino players
Rio Preto Esporte Clube players
Mirassol Futebol Clube players
Esporte Clube Juventude players | [
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Mona Neubaur (born 1 July 1977) is a German politician from Alliance 90/The Greens. She is the leader of her party’s group in the State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Early life and career
Neubaur grew up in Pöttmes. In 1997 she moved to Düsseldorf to study education, sociology and psychology.
From 2007 to 2014, Neubaur worked for the Heinrich Böll Foundation in Düsseldorf.
Political career
From 2007 to 2015, Neubau served as chairwoman of the Green Party in Düsseldorf.
Since 2014, Neubaur has been serving as co-chair of the Green Party in North Rhine-Westphalia, alongside Sven Lehmann (2014–2018) and Felix Banaszak (since 2018).
Neubaur was nominated by her party as delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2022.
Political positions
Ahead of the 2022 presidential election, Neubaur publicly endorsed incumbent Frank-Walter Steinmeier of the Social Democrats.
References
Living people
1977 births
Landtag group leaders (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Alliance 90/The Greens politicians
Members of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
21st-century German politicians
21st-century German women politicians
German environmentalists | [
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Michalis Tsoumanis (; born 9 October 2002), is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a forward for Super League 2 club AEL.
Career
Tsoumanis was born in Larissa. He started his career in the youth squad of AEL where he played in the Greek Super League Youth U-19 Championship. In October 2020, he moved to AO Sellana, a 3rd League club. On 9 July 2021, Tsoumanis joined AEL on a free transfer signing a three-year contract. He scored his first professional goal against Xanthi F.C. on his debut, on 29 December 2021, having played for only three minutes as a substitute.
References
2002 births
Living people
People from Larissa
Greek footballers
Association football forwards
Super League Greece players
Super League Greece 2 players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players | [
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The mixed team sprint speed skating competition of the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics was held at Hamar Olympic Hall on 17 February 2016.
Results
The races were held at 10:30.
References
Mixed team sprint | [
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Romano Musumarra (born 21 July 1956) is an Italian composer, arranger, musician and record producer.
Life and career
Born in Rome, Musumarra approached music as a child, learning to play pipe organ at his church. He studied piano, composition and conducting at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, and in 1975 he formed the melodic pop-rock group La Bottega dell'Arte, with whom he achieved some significant success throughout the 1970s.
In 1983 he left the group, and devoted himself to the activity of arranger and composer, arranging among others works by Riccardo Cocciante, Mango, Fred Bongusto and Franco Califano, and composing the music for Severino Gazzelloni's album Azzurra.
In 1984, after listening to an audition of her, he asked to newcomer Jeanne Mas to record one of his compositions, "Toute Première Fois". After hearing the song, which featured an unusual mix of acoustic and electronic sounds for the time, EMI signed Mas and the resulting single was a great success in France, reaching the number eight on the singles chart. Musumarra continued his collaboration with Mas, composing and producing the tracks on her first two albums, including "Johnny, Johnny" and "En rouge et noir", both number one in the French chart.
Due to the success of his work with Jeanne Mas he was increasingly in demand by French artists, so at the end of 1985 he decided to move to France. In 1986 he contributed to the musical success of Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, for whom he composed the hits "Ouragan" (initially proposed to Jeanne Mas) and "Flash/One Love to Give". The same year he made his debut as a film score composer with Régis Wargnier's "The Woman of My Life" and was instrumental in launching Elsa Lunghini (then simply Elsa), for whom he wrote and produced the debut single "T'en va pas", number one in the French charts for two months.
In addition to launching new names, Musumarra has composed songs for established artists such as Celine Dion, Mireille Mathieu, Sylvie Vartan, Alain Delon, Nikka Costa, Dana Dawson, Hélène Ségara, Tina Arena, Régine, Garou, Bruno Pelletier, and Marc Lavoine.
Since the 2000s, he has dedicated himself to composing songs in the operatic pop genre, collaborating with Luciano Pavarotti, Il Divo, Katherine Jenkins, Alessandro Safina, among others. In 2016, his song "On écrit sur les murs", originally composed for Demis Roussos, reached number three in the French hit parade thanks to a cover by the group Kids United.
Selected filmography
The Woman of My Life (1986)
My True Love, My Wound (1987)
Maladie d'amour (1987)
Faceless (1988)
L'enfance de l'art (1988)
Day of Atonement (1992)
The Teddy Bear (1994)
Honours
1988 - Knight of Arts and Letters
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
People from Rome
Italian composers
Italian music arrangers
Italian record producers
Italian songwriters
Italian film score composers
Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia alumni
Recipients of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres | [
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The 2007 European U23 Judo Championships is an edition of the European U23 Judo Championships, organised by the International Judo Federation. It was held in Salzburg, Austria from 24 to 25 November 2007.
Medal summary
Medal table
Men's events
Women's events
Source Results
References
External links
European U23 Judo Championships
European Championships, U23
Judo
Judo competitions in Austria
Judo
Judo, European Championships U23 | [
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Ostwalds Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften (English: Ostwald's classics of the exact sciences) is a German book series that contains important original works from all areas of natural sciences. It was founded in 1889 by the physical chemist Wilhelm Ostwald and is now published by Europa-Lehrmittel.
History
The series was first published by Wilhelm Engelmann in Leipzig and then by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft in Leipzig and more recently in reprints and new editions by Verlag Harri Deutsch in Frankfurt.
Ostwald's aim was to remedy the "" (Lack of knowledge of those great works on which the edifice of science rests). The first volume in 1889 was (On the conservation of power) (first 1847) by Hermann von Helmholtz. In 1894, the physicist Arthur von Oettingen von Ostwald took over the editing (and remained editor until 1920, when Ostwald's son, Wolfgang Ostwald, took over the task). However, Ostwald initially continued to publish the chemistry volumes until he was replaced by Richard Abegg. 195 volumes were published by 1915; then there was an interruption due to the First World War until 1919. From 1919, they were published by the Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, which also reprinted older editions. In 1923, the two hundredth volume was published (work by Wilhelm Ostwald on catalysis). From 1938 (volume 244) to 1954 (volume 245) there was a break due to World War II. The series was then continued by the successor to the Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft in the GDR, the Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig. This was from 1968 with the B. G. Teubner Verlag, who was thus co-editor of the series. The successor to the Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft in der FRG, based in Frankfurt am Main, also published a Neue Folge (new series) from 1965 (the publishing house existed until 1983), of which six titles were published (from Volume 4 in 1968 they were published by Vieweg in Braunschweig). From 1982 there were reprints of the old series before the Second World War, in West Germany by the publishing house Verlag Harri Deutsch in Frankfurt, which specialized in the publication of scientific literature from the GDR in the FRG. A total of 275 volumes were published by 1987.
Volumes by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft after World War II
After World War II published by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Verlag Harri Deutsch and Europa-Lehrmittel (except for reprints and new editions of the old series):
245 Carl Ramsauer:
246 Georg Christoph Lichtenberg:
247 Alexander von Humboldt:
248 Alexander von Humboldt:
249 Eduard Poeppig:
250 Wilhelm Ostwald:
251 Heinrich Hertz:
252 Pavel Alexandrov et al.:
253 Felix Klein:
254 Francis Crick, Robert Holley, James D. Watson:
255 Ejnar Hertzsprung:
256 Carl Friedrich Gauß:
257 Wilhelm Ostwald:
258 Ernst Chladni:
259 Carl Schorlemmer:
260 Gerhard Harig:
261 Leonhard Euler:
262 Max Volmer:
263 Heinrich Hertz:
264 Manfred von Ardenne:
265 Jacobus van 't Hoff:
266 Jaroslav Heyrovský:
267 Wilhelm Ostwald: Four manuscripts from the Nachlaß
268 Karl August Möbius:
269 Peter Simon Pallas:
270 R. Klaus Müller (ed.):
271 Johann Wilhelm Ritter:
272: Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, Raphael Eduard Liesegang, Boris Pavlovich Belousov, Anatol Markovich Zhabotinsky:
273 Johannes Kepler:
274 , Ernst Mohr:
275 Matthias Jacob Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Max Schultze:
276 Ernst Abbe:
277–279 Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: 1–3
280 Franz Xaver Zach:
281 Manfred Eigen:
282
283 Joseph von Gerlach:
284 Marie Curie:
285 Sigmund Exner:
286 Ludwig Boltzmann:
287 Alexander Alexandrowitsch Friedmann:
288 William Herschel:
289 Frederick Soddy:
290 Walther Nernst:
291 Karl Friedrich Zöllner:
292–294 Michael Faraday: , 3 volumes
295 Johannes Kepler:
296 Robert Bunsen:
297 Charles Bonnet:
298 Paul Drude:
299 Max Planck:
300 Nikolaus Kopernikus:
301/302 Pierre-Simon Laplace: 1, 2
303 Paul Emil Flechsig, Hans Berger:
304 Georges Lemaître:
Volumes by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt
Only six volumes were published by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt, which, as a new series, did not follow the old series in terms of numbering:
Volume 1, Simon Stevin:
Volume 2, Johann Wilhelm Ritter:
Volume 3, Niels Stensen:
Volume 4, (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art)
Volume 5, Wilhelm Weber, Rudolf Kohlrausch:
Volume 6, Gregor Mendel: (already published in the old series)
More volumes were planned (such as François Viète's (Introduction to Algebra), which was published elsewhere in 1973).
Notes
Further reading
(NB. On the history of the series.)
External links
Page on the series at the TU Hamburg/Harburg
Page at Verlag Europa-Lehrmittel
First series in der Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
Series of books
1889 establishments | [
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Julie Dierstein Jastrow is an American terrestrial ecologist who works at the Argonne National Laboratory. Her research considers soil and ecosystems ecology. She was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2021.
Early life and education
Jastrow was an undergraduate student at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She was a doctoral researcher at the University of Illinois Chicago, where she studied aggregate formation and stabilization in prairie soils.
Research and career
In 1994, Jastrow joined the Argonne National Laboratory. She was made an Assistant Scientist in 1979 and Senior Scientist in 2010. Her research makes use of multi-scale mechanistic studies to understand the dynamics of organic soil. She has contributed to our understanding of soil biogeochemical responses to changes in vegetation and land management. Eventually, Jastrow was appointed Lead of the Ecosystem Biogeochemistry Group in the Environmental Science Division. She has served on the steering committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Frontiers in Soil Science research.
Jastrow started researching permafrost soil carbon in 2012. At the time, permafrost was gaining increasing interest due to concerns about climate change. Permafrost stores thousands of billions of tonnes of carbon, which is around a third of global terrestrial carbon. Jastrow has studied how global warming impacts the amount of stored carbon. She showed that the amount of carbon stored in permafrost exhibits a considerable spatial variability, and that cryoturbation contributes to the distribution of carbon within the soil. She combines soil measurements with high resolution digital evolution models to predict and map how carbon is distributed around soil. She has studied ice-wedge polygons: area where surface soils freeze and thaw, contracting into a net of giant cracks, which, in the summer months, turn water into giant ice wedges in the permafrost underneath. These polygons present some of the most under-studied soil features and can be easily studied on satellites or using remote sensing.
Jastrow has studied the microbial residues within soil organic matter, and shown that they can contribute to long-term storage of carbon.
Awards and honours
Jastrow served as President of the Soil Ecology Society in 2004.
In 2014, Jastrow was awarded the University of Chicago – Argonne Board of Governors Distinguished Performance Award. She was named one of the United States Department of Energy Argonne Distinguished Fellow in 2020. In 2021, Jastrow was made a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Selected publications
References
American ecologists
Living people
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni
University of Illinois at Chicago alumni
Argonne National Laboratory people
American women scientists | [
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The St. Louis Soccer Football League was a professional soccer league featuring teams from St. Louis, Missouri. The league ended in 1915 when the top two teams from league and the top two teams from the rival Federal Park Soccer League joined to form the new St. Louis Soccer League.
History
The St. Louis soccer scene did not have a professional league during the 1906–07 season. The St. Louis Soccer Football League was organized to fill that void before the 1907–08 season. Dr. Alexander Murray was founding president and Thomas W. Cahill founding secretary of the league.
The city champions, St. Leo's, jumped from the defunct Association Football League of St. Louis to the St. Louis Soccer Football League prior to the 1908–09 season. St. Leo's continued their local dynasty winning four straight league titles along with defending their title as city champions.
In January 1913, in the middle of the 1912–13 season, St. Leo's withdrew from the St. Louis Soccer Football League. During the subsequent offseason, William J. Klosterman, manager of St. Leo's, claimed to have reorganized the St. Louis Soccer Football League with Winton E. Barker as its president. In actuality, this was a breakaway organization formed by Klosterman to compete with the already-established St. Louis Soccer Football League.
The new league had taken a lease to play its matches at the Athletic Park where the old league had played since its founding. As such, the old St. Louis Soccer Football League moved to Robison Field for the 1913–14 season. Confusion was caused by both leagues calling themselves by the exact same name and the new league moving into the old league's venue. As such, the old league was more commonly referred to as the Robison Field Soccer League while the new league was more commonly referred to as the Athletic Park Soccer League. The Athletic Park League affiliated with the newly sanctioned United States Football Association which left the older Robison Field League as an outlaw organization.
Prior to the 1914–15 season, the newer league moved into Federal League Park and renamed itself as the Federal Park Soccer League. Even after this name change, the older St. Louis Soccer Football League continued to be commonly called the Robison Field League.
Negotiations to end the warring between the leagues went on throughout the 1914–15 season until a plan was finalized near the end of March 1915. The plan called for the top two teams of the St. Louis Soccer Football league, Innisfails and Columbus Club, to be admitted to the U.S.F.A. and those teams to join the top two teams in the Federal Park League, St. Leo's and Ben Millers, to form a new, stronger organization, the St. Louis Soccer League.
Past winners
Performances
Teams
Athletics 1913–14
Blue Bells 1907–08 through 1910–11
→ as Thistles 1907–08 through 1908–09
Business Men's A.C. 1911–12 through 1912–13
→ as Irish American A.C. 1911–12
Columbus Club 1910–11 through 1914–15
Compton Hill A.C. 1912–13
Innisfails 1907–08
Innisfails 1908–09 through 1914–15
→ as West Ends 1908–09
Manewals 1914–15
St. Leo's 1908–09 through 1912–13
St. Matthew's 1907–08
St. Teresa 1907–80 through 1909–10
Teresas 1913–14 through 1914–15
Notes
See also
Soccer in St. Louis
References
Soccer in St. Louis
Defunct soccer leagues in the United States | [
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Going to the Ritual is a live album by bassist Henry Grimes and drummer Rashied Ali. It was recorded in 2007 in concert at WKCR studios, Columbia University, New York City, and was released by Porter Records in 2008.
Reception
In a review for AllMusic, Michael G. Nastos wrote: "In one of the last recordings before he passed away, drummer Rashied Ali proves with every slash, riff, and paradiddle why he belonged in the pantheon of improvising percussionists well past his time with John Coltrane. In duets with well-matched partner and bassist Henry Grimes, this set shows how locked in these natives of Philadelphia... are with their estimable heritage in making free jazz that still sounds fresh some 50 years after the movement was founded. There's a rambling kind of empathy, focused but rarely intense that is clear from the outset."
Writing for All About Jazz, Glenn Astarita commented: "What might be considered a bold move, given the scanty bass and drums format, the duo separates the boys from the men via the polyrhythmic flows featuring emotive voicings and changeable parameters... The duo generates an abundance of scrappy workouts amid an amalgamation of explorative exchanges throughout the preponderance of this vibrant and curiously interesting set. No doubt, only a select few could pull this off. It's a marvel of inventiveness, sparked by the artists streaming creative juices and synergistic interplay." In a separate review for the same publication, John Sharpe remarked: "Though sustaining interest over 55 minutes with just bass and drums might seem an impossibility, the two veterans carry it off with aplomb... the subtext is that they nonetheless benefit from common ground and the capacity for instant design that comes from hard-won experience."
Track listing
"Hidden Forces Aggregate" (Ali) - 17:47
"Easternal Mysticism, Virtue and Calm" (Grimes) - 1:22
"Gone Beyond the Gate" (Grimes) - 25:45
"This Must Have Always Happened" (Grimes, Ali) - 10:31
Personnel
Henry Grimes – bass, violin, voice
Rashied Ali – drums
References
2008 live albums
Henry Grimes albums | [
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David Breonard Powers Jr. (June 14, 1874 – January 29, 1936) was an American attorney and politician. He served five terms in the Virginia House of Delegates between 1901 and 1916, representing Caroline County, and was appointed Caroline's Commonwealth's attorney in 1926. In 1933, he briefly returned to the House after winning a special election to succeed the deceased George P. Lyon. At the time of his death, he was the largest landowner in the county.
References
External links
1874 births
1936 deaths
Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
20th-century American politicians | [
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This is a list of footballers who have played international football for the United Arab Emirates national football team and that were born outside Emirati territory.
The following players:
have played at least one game for the full (senior male) United Arab Emirates international team.
were born outside United Arab Emirates.
Key
List of players
By country of birth
References
External links
United Arab Emirates national football team at National-Football-Teams.com
UAE Football Association (UAEFA)
United Arab Emirates national team at Soccerway
born outside
Association football player non-biographical articles
United Arab Emirates | [
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Rebirth Cycle is the second studio album by American musician James Mtume. It was produced by Mtume himself, and released on the Third Street Records label. It is one of a number of contemporary albums described as "some of the most compelling artifacts of the Black Power-Black music nexus", with "explicit endorsements of radical nationalist principles" and "of a very high artistic level and featuring some of the best musicians".
After Mtume's death in 2022, The Guardian, in a retrospective, remarked on the album: "Just as his career as a R&B songwriter and producer was taking off, Mtume put out one final burst of spiritual, Afrocentric jazz, the album Rebirth Cycle. Never reissued legally and unavailable on streaming services, a bootleg or YouTube are your only real options, but it's worth checking out: the lengthy version of 'Sais' is great, and the collection of shorter, soul-influenced tracks on side two – including Umoja – are fabulous, complete with vocals from Jean Carne of 'Don't Let It Go to Your Head' fame."
Track listing
A-side
"Sais (Intro)" - 2:22
"Sais" - 20:39
B-side
"Yebo" - 6:07
"Cabral" - 4:29
"Body Sounds" - 3:42
"Umoja" - 6:41
Note: "Body Sounds is an electronically altered conga solo by Mtume accompanied by the band using their bodies as percussion instruments (hands rubbing, chest thumping, etc.). Hence the title Body Sounds."
Personnel
Bayeté - electric piano
Cecil McBee - bass
Dee Dee Bridgewater - vocals
Jean Carné - vocals
Pete Cosey - guitar
Stanley Cowell - piano
Al Foster - drums
Billy Hart - drums
Jimmy Heath - reeds, soprano saxophone, flute
Michael Henderson - bass
Leroy Jenkins - violin
Shirley Jenkins - vocals
Diedre Johnson - cello
Azar Lawrence - reeds, soprano saxophone
Reggie Lucas - guitar
James Mtume - congas, piano
Muktar Mustapha - vocals (spoken word)
Onika - vocals
Carol Robinson - vocals
Andrei Strobert - drums
John Stubblefield - reeds
Tawatha - vocals
Buster Williams - bass
References
External links
Rebirth Cycle on Discogs
Mtume albums
1977 albums | [
101,
22785,
5402,
2003,
1996,
2117,
2996,
2201,
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2137,
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The 2021 Dublin Senior Football Championship was the 135th edition of Dublin GAA's premier gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in County Dublin, Ireland. 32 teams participate (16 in Senior 1 and 16 in Senior 2), with the winner of Senior 1 representing Dublin in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship.
Kilmacud Crokes defeated St Jude's to win the Senior 1 Championship.
St Pat's Donabate won the 2021 I.F.C. and were promoted along with I.F.C. finalists Round Towers Clondalkin to Senior 2. They replaced St Peregrines and Fingal Ravens who were relegated to the 2022 I.F.C.
Cuala won the Senior 2 Championship and were promoted along with finalists Templeogue Synge Street to Senior 1. They replaced Whitehall Colmcille and St Vincents who were relegated to the 2022 SFC2.
Senior 1
Group 1
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Group 2
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Group 3
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Group 4
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Final
Relegation Play-Offs
Senior 2
Group 1
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Group 2
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Group 3
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Group 4
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Final
Relegation Play-Offs
References
External links
Dublin GAA Fixtures & Results
Dublin Senior Football Championship
Dublin Senior Football Championship
Dublin SFC | [
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The Federal Park League was a professional soccer league featuring teams from St. Louis, Missouri. The league ended in 1915 when the top two teams from league and the top two teams from the rival St. Louis Soccer Football League joined to form the new St. Louis Soccer League.
History
In January 1913, in the middle of the 1912–13 season, St. Leo's withdrew from the St. Louis Soccer Football League. During the subsequent offseason, William J. Klosterman, manager of St. Leo's, claimed to have reorganized the St. Louis Soccer Football League with Winton E. Barker as its president. In actuality, this St. Louis Soccer Football League was a breakaway organization formed by Klosterman to compete with the already-established St. Louis Soccer Football League.
In addition to St. Leo's, a new Ben Millers team, managed by Pete Ratican (brother of Harry Ratican), and the Innisfails team joined the new league. While Michael Whelan, backer of the Innisfails decided to jump from the old St. Louis Soccer Football League to the new league and take over as manager of the team, Willie Foley, who had been manager of the Innisfails, and all the Innisfail players, stayed faithful to the old league. Given that his manager and all his players had decided to stay in the old league, Whelan returned to the old league as backer of the Innisfail team. The other two teams to join the new St. Louis Soccer Football League were Columbian A.C. and Rock Church, the latter invited as a member to replace the Innisfail team.
The new league had taken a lease to play its matches at the Athletic Park where the old league had played since its founding. As such, the old St. Louis Soccer Football League moved to Robison Field for the 1913–14 season. Confusion was caused by both leagues calling themselves by the exact same name and the new league moving into the old league's venue. As such, the old league was more commonly referred to as the Robison Field Soccer League while the new league was more commonly referred to as the Athletic Park Soccer League. The Athletic Park League affiliated with the newly sanctioned United States Football Association which left the older Robison Field League as an outlaw organization.
Prior to the 1914–15 season, the newer league moved into Federal League Park and renamed itself as the Federal Park Soccer League. Even after this name change, the older St. Louis Soccer Football League continued to be commonly called the Robison Field League. Compton Hill A.C. joined the Federal Park League to replace Rock Church.
Negotiations to end the warring between the leagues went on throughout the 1914–15 season until a plan was finalized near the end of March 1915. The plan called for the top two teams of the St. Louis Soccer Football league, Innisfail and Columbus Club, to be admitted to the U.S.F.A. and those teams to join the top two teams in the Federal Park League, St. Leo's and Ben Miller, to form a new, stronger organization, the St. Louis Soccer League.
Past winners
Performances
Teams
Ben Millers 1913–14 through 1914–15
Columbian A.C. 1913–14 through 1914–15
Compton Hill A.C. 1914–15
Rock Church 1913–14
St. Leo's 1913–14 through 1914–15
See also
Soccer in St. Louis
References
Soccer in St. Louis
Defunct soccer leagues in the United States | [
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The Four Rivers Conference is a high school athletic conference comprising small-size high schools located in eastern central Missouri. The conference members are located in Franklin, Gasconade, and Phelps counties.
Members
References
Missouri high school athletic conferences
High school sports conferences and leagues in the United States | [
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The 1975 VMI Keydets football team was an American football team that represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. In their fifth year under head coach Bob Thalman, the team compiled an overall record of 3–8 with a mark of 2–4 in conference play, placing tied for sixth in the SoCon.
Schedule
References
VMI
VMI Keydets football seasons
VMI Keydets football | [
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Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane (born January 17, 1962) is a politician in Mozambique.
Mondlane was a member of the Assembly of the Republic from 1994 to 2014.
Mondlane was the vice-minister for foreign affairs.
Mondlane became the Minister of Gender, Children and Social Welfare in 2020.
References
Living people
1962 births
Mozambican politicians
Members of the Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)
Place of birth missing (living people) | [
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Nyhavn 47 is an 18th-century property situated at the corner of Nyhavn (No. 47) and Toldbodgade (No. 2) in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It owes its current appearance to a renovation undertaken by Julius Andreas Blom in 184245. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1932. Notable former residents include the merchant and shipowner Peter Christian Knudtzon.
History
18th century
The site was in the late 17th century part of a much larger property. The large property was listed as No. 28 in St. Ann's East Quarter in Copenhagen's first cadastre of 1689 and was at that time owned by tanner Villum Lydersen. It was later divided into four smaller properties (now Nyhavn 41–47). The present building on the site was probably constructed in 1737-38 for skipper Ole Pedersen. The property was listed as No. 24 in the new cadastre of 1756 and was then owned by sailmaker Ole Pedersen.
The property was later acquired by sailmaker Hans Peter Sandgaard. His property was home to three households at the 1787 census. His own household comprised his wife Ellen Maria, his sister Maria Margrethe Scheekel, six apprentices (aged 16 to 25) and one maid. Christian Samuel Heisse, an office clerk (skriverkarl) working for Erich Erichsen, resided in another apartment with his wife Karen Maria Holms Datter, their one-year-old son Carl Johan Heisse, his mother-in-law Sara Marttha Holm and one maid. Carsten Hansen, a beer seller (øltapper), resided in the third apartment with his wife Maren Odels Datter and three lodgers (all of whom were sailors).
19th century
The number of residents had increased to 22 at the time of the 1801 census. Sandgaard resided in the building with his wife, three apprentices and one maid. Frodens Christian Jørgensen, a broker (mægler), resided in another apartment with his wife Borette Elisabeth Buntzen, their three children (aged one to five) and two maids. Poul Poulsen, a beer seller (øltapper), resided in the building with his wife Anne Margrethe Bledel, their 17-year-old daughter Mette Margrethe Poulsen, one maid and five lodgers.
The property was again listed as No. 24 in the new cadastre of 1806. It was at that time still owned by Sandgaard.
The property was later acquired by master sailmaker Rasmus Andreas Holm (1799-1863), son of sailmaker Peter Holm (1764-1812). His father had been the owner of the adjacent property at No. 23 (now Nyhavn 45). On 10 January 1920, Rasmus Andreas Holm had married Christiane Mammen (1805-1877), a foster daughter of his uncle Jacob Holm.
At the time of the next census, in 1834,
Holm's property was home to 25 residents in five households. Rasmus and Christiane Holm resided on the ground floor with their two children (aged two and five), three apprentices and two maids. Carl Friderichsen, a helmsman, resided on the first floor with his wife Præbene Jantzen, their two children (aged one and four) and one maid. Madsine Sophie Holm, Rasmus Holm's mother, resided on the second floor with her son Hendrich Peter Holm, Rasmus Bang, a sailmaker employed by Holm, was also resident on the second floor with his wife Christiane Christensen and their three children (aged three to seven). Peter Nicolajsen Skjerbeck, a carpenter and the proprietor of a tavern in the basement, resided in the associated dwelling with his wife Juliana Marie Kock, their 12-year-old son and one maid.
At the time of the 1840 census, Holm's property was home to 24 residents in four households. Holm's household comprised his wife, their now four children (aged two to 11), four apprentices and two maids. Peter Gottschalck (1799-1863), a clerk (hofskriver) at Prince Ferdinand's court. resided on the first floor with his wife Nicoline Zimmer (1798-1877) and one maid. Madsine Holm was still residing on the second floor. She now lived there with her cousin Birgitte Haagensen. Johan Caspersen. a sailor, resided in the basement with his wife Sophie Jensen, their two-year-old son, a six-year-old boy in their care, one maid and two lodgers.
In 184245, Julius Andreas Blom (1815-1900)was responsible for a comprehensive renovation of the building. Blom was the son of master mason Thomas Blom.
The building was home to 18 residents in three households at the time of the 1845census. Anders Hansen Brandt (1803-1860), a grocer (urtekræmmer) and principal (forstander), resided in the building with his wife Bertha Margrethe Brandt (née Hansen, 1808–1868), their five children (aged one to 19), three male servants and one maid. Thønnes Petersen Dahl, a ship captain, resided in the building with his wife Johanne Caroline Dahl, their 11-year-old foster daughter and one maid. Madsine Holm was still resident on the second floor with her son Peter Holm and one maid.
Np. 24 was only home to two households in 1850. Peter Christian Knudtzon, a merchant and shipowner, resided in the ground floor with his wife Lucinda Gotschnak, their five children (aged one to nine), one male servant and four maids. Carl Frederik Uthicke (1799-1863), another merchant (grosserer), resided in the building with his wife Marie Uthicke (née Lund) and one maid.
In 1859, Knutzon purchased the property at Amaliegade 14- The property at the corner of Nyhavn and Toldbodgade was later owned by furier H.F. Brinckmann. In 1985, he filled out the gap between Nyhavn 47 and Nyhavn 45 with a recessed side wing.
Marine Kirstine Rasmussen, a widow, resided in the building with one maid and the 68-year-old unmarried woman Ulrikke Flor. The widows Ellen Barbara Abigal Hall, Auguste Elisabeth Husselbulch and Catarine Marie Jørgensen were alsæ residents of the building. Niels Anton Schouv, a teacher, resided in the building with his wife Emilie Birgitte Schouv, his mother Marie Kirstine Schouv, 62-year-old Frederikke Gerner and two maids. Anders Nielsen, proprietor of the tavern in the basement, resided in the associated dwelling with his wife Marie Nielsen, their three-year-old son and two maids.
20th century
A grocery shop was for many years based on the ground floor of the building. The White Star Line's ticket agency was located on the first floor in the 1910s.
Architecture
Nyhavn 47 is constructed with three storeys over a walk-out basement. It has a four-bays-long facade on Nyhavn, a just two-bays-long facade on Toldbodgade and a chamfered corner bay. The plastered facade is finished with shadow joints, a wide frieze below the first floor windows, triangular pediments above the first floor windows and a modillioned cornice. The chamfered corner features a balcony on the first floor and a small balcony supported by heavy corbels on the first floor and a built-in flower box supported by corbels on the second floor. Nyhavn 47 is via a recessed two-bay connector from 1845 attached to Nyhavn 45.
Today
The building was owned by Niels-Jørgen Frandsen in 2008. Nyhavnskroen, a restaurant serving a traditional Danish cuisine, is based on the ground floor. McJoy's, a British-style gastro pub, is based in the basement.
References
External links
Holm
Source
Brandt
Source
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Stella da Graça Pinto Novo Zeca is a politician in Mozambique.
Stella da Graça Pinto Novo Zeca became the governor of Gaza Province in 2015.
Filipe Nyusi appointed Stella da Graça Pinto Novo Zeca the provincial secretary for Sofala Province in 2020.
References
Mozambican politicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) | [
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The Amabiliidae are a family of tapeworms. It contains four genera and 23 species.
Amabilia
Joyeuxilepis
Laterorchites
Tatria
References
Cestoda
Platyhelminthes families | [
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Sylvia Lark (1947–1990) was a Native American/Seneca artist, curator, and educator. She best known as an Abstract expressionist painter and printmaker. Lark lived in the San Francisco Bay Area for many years.
Early life and education
Lark was born in 1947 in Buffalo, New York. She went to high school at Nardin Academy in Buffalo. Lark attended school at the University of Siena; University at Buffalo (formally State University of New York, Buffalo) where she received her B.A. degree in 1969; Mills College; and the University of Wisconsin–Madison where she received her M.A. degree in 1970 and M.F.A. degree in 1972.
Career
Starting in 1972, Lark taught art at California State University, Sacramento where she remained until 1976. In 1977, she received a Fulbright-Hays Program grant and traveled and study in Korea and Japan. Lark taught at the University of California, Berkeley from 1977 until 1990. Students of Lark's included Shirin Neshat. She was awarded the Distinguished Teaching Award for teaching studio art by the College Art Association posthumously in 1991.
Her early work used symbols and patterns, and there was a shift in her later career with more abstraction and overlapping colors with delicate textured surfaces. She painted in oils and encaustics and printed monotypes. Her 1983 painting series Jokhang, featured many textures and layers of colors painted over or under black leaves. This series was a response to her visit to Jokhang Temple in Lhasa and her study of Tibetan spirituality. Lark was curator of the exhibition, Prints: New Points of View (1978) at the Open Ring Galleries in Sacramento.
In 1992, she was the second inductee into Nardin Academy's Alumnae Hall of Fame. Lark had served on the National Board of the Women's Caucus for Art from 1978 to 1984; and was the Regional Coordinator for the Coalition of Women's Art Organization from 1978 to 1990.
Death and legacy
Lark died on cancer at the age of 43 in Berkeley on December 27, 1990.
Her works are in the museum collections at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Crocker Art Museum, Sheldon Museum of Art, Oakland Museum of California, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.
Exhibitions
1975 – Drawings and Prints by Howard Hack, Sylvia Lark, and Leonard Sussman, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California
1977 – Lark–Palmer Prints and Sculptures, included Sylvia Lark and Jon Palmer, Fisher Gallery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
1977 – Look, Touch, Rub, Pull, Smell, and Hear, included Carlos Villa, Chisato Nishioka Watanabe, Phil Weidman, , Phil Hitchcock, Jock Reynold, Laureen Landau, Sylvia Lark, William Maxwell, Bruce Guttin, Paul DeMarinis, and Jim Pomeroy, Artspace, Sacramento, California
1980 – Contemporary Trends in Presentation Drawings, curated by Roberta Loach, Linda Langston; including J.J. Aasen, Walter Askin, Gary Brown, Eleanor Dickinson, Bob Anderson, Harry Lynn Krizan, Judith Linhares, Roy DeForest, Robert Freimark, Sylvia Lark, Roberta Loach, Norman Lundin, Shane Weare, Vince Perez, Mary Snowden, Palo Alto Art Center, Palo Alto, California
1980 – Bhirasri Institute of Modern Art, Bangkok, Thailand
1983 – Galerie Akmak, Berlin, Germany
1984 – (solo exhibition), Jeremy Stone Gallery, San Francisco, California
1985 – Galerie Hartje, Frankfurt, Germany
1986 – The 54th Hanga Annual, Japan-California Print Exhibition, Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
1987 – The Ethnic Idea, curated by Andrée Maréchal-Workman, including Lauren Adams, Robert Colescott, Dewey Crumpler, Mildred Howard, Oliver Lee Jackson, Mary Lovelace O'Neal, Joe Sam, Elisabeth Zeilon, Tom Holland, Celeste Conner, Jean LaMarr, Sylvia Lark, Leta Ramos, Judy Foosaner, Joseph Goldyne, Belinda Chlouber, Carlos Villa, Berkeley Art Center, Berkeley, California
1991 – North Dakota Museum of Art, Grand Fork, North Dakota
2002 – Art/Women/California, Paralells and Intersections: 1950–2000, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, California
See also
List of Native American artists
References
Further reading
includes recipes by Lark.
External links
Sylvia Lark papers, 1971- 1999, undated from the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
1947 births
1990 deaths
Seneca people
Artists from Buffalo, New York
University at Buffalo alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
California State University, Sacramento faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Deaths from cancer in California
Artists from Berkeley, California
Abstract expressionist artists
American women printmakers
20th-century American printmakers
20th-century American women artists
University of Siena alumni | [
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The following articles discuss the infrastructure policies of recent United States presidential administrations:
Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump
Infrastructure policy of the Joe Biden administration (known as Build Back Better Plan) | [
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The 2018–19 Air Force Falcons men's ice hockey season was the 51st season of play for the program and the 13th season in the Atlantic Hockey conference. The Falcons represented the United States Air Force Academy and were coached by Frank Serratore, in his 22nd season.
Season
Coming off of two consecutive trips to the NCAA Tournament, Air Force was attempting to live up to very lofty expectations, particularly for an Atlantic Hockey team. Unfortunately, the team got off to a poor start and began the season 1–4. The Falcons recovered afterwards and righted the ship with a 5-game winning streak, placing them near the top of the conference standings. A sweep at the hands of American International in mid-November put them behind the 8-ball at least in terms of a league championship, but a good showing against Bemidji State and in the Ice Vegas Invitational gave the team hope for another NCAA appearance.
The second half of their season began similar to the first half and Air Force went through a stretch of 5 game without a win. They briefly bounced back against Robert Morris but then hovered around .500 for the remainder of the season. Entering the postseason, Air Force had no mathematic chance to make the 2019 NCAA Tournament without winning their conference tournament. That glimmer of hope was quickly snuffed out when they were upset by Niagara in the quarterfinals.
After the season, Billy Christopoulos joined the select few graduates of the Air Force Academy to play professional hockey when he signed with the South Carolina Stingrays.
Departures
Recruiting
Roster
Standings
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Exhibition
|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Regular Season
|-
!colspan=12 style=";" |
|-
!colspan=12 style=";" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
|colspan=12|Air Force lost Series 0–2
Scoring statistics
Goaltending statistics
Rankings
USCHO did not release a poll in Week 25.
Awards and Honors
References
Air Force Falcons men's ice hockey seasons
Air Force Falcons
Air Force Falcons
Air Force Falcons
Air Force Falcons | [
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Einat Yaron (; born 11 November 1973) is an Israeli judoka.
She won a bronze medal at the 1995 European Judo Championships in Birmingham.
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Israeli female judoka
Jewish martial artists
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Israeli female athletes
Israeli Jews | [
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The Seaward 23 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Nick Hake as a pocket cruiser and first built in 1984.
The Seaward 23 is a development of the Seaward 22.
Production
The design was built by Hake Yachts in the United States, from 1984 until 2002, but it is now out of production.
Design
The Seaward 23 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of solid fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, a plumb stem with a bowsprit, a vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller or optional wheel and a fixed wing keel. The cabin has rectangular ports. A free-standing catboat rig, with a carbon fiber mast was a factory option. The boat displaces and carries of ballast.
The boat has a draft of with the standard wing keel.
The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor or optional inboard Yanmar diesel engine for docking and maneuvering.
The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settee berths in the main cabin and an aft cabin with a double berth on the port side. The galley is located on the starboard side just forward of the companionway ladder and is equipped with a single-burner stove and a sink. An icebox is located on the port side under the cockpit. Cabin headroom is .
The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 285 and a hull speed of .
Operational history
In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "the Seaward 23 ... is a transformed version of the 22 ... though with the same waterline and the same basic hull structure. The centerboard on the 22 has been replaced with a very shallow fixed keel with wings, which, with a draft of just over two feet, is not likely to be very close-winded. There's a choice of rigs, either a fully battened cat rig with a big roach set on a freestanding carbon-fiber mast ... or a conventional sloop rig featuring a self-tacking jib. The sales brochure mentions a Yanmar diesel but doesn't give the size (which we assume is minimal) or say whether buyers can choose an outboard and omit the diesel. (We assume they can.) The sales brochure shows a wheel rather than the older 22's tiller; based on a cockpit configuration very similar to the older 22, we assume a tiller can be substituted (which we recommend doing for this size boat). Best features: The stern pulpit includes "catbird stern seats" on the quarters, for sightseeing while motoring along rivers. Hardware is upper-end quality...."
In a 2006 used boat review in the SpinSheet, Jack Hornor wrote, "The Seaward 23 has a well-proportioned shape with a nearly plumb bow, an apparent but not exaggerated sweep to the sheer, a bit of classic tumblehome sectional shape at the transom, and an outboard rudder. To my eye, this is a handsome little boat. ... If you’re attracted to the advantages offered by trailerable sailboats, the Seaward 23 is a practical choice that is light enough to be pulled by a full size vehicle or small pickup and available with an inboard diesel engine not typical on this type of boat."
See also
List of sailing boat types
References
Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Nick Hake
Sailboat types built by Hake Yachts | [
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Gisèle Ndaya Luseba is a politician and businessperson in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She is head of the political party Convention of Unified Labor Democrats (CDTU), and vice-president of Dynafec.
On 12 April 2021 she replaced Béatrice Lomeya as Minister for Gender, Family and Children in the Lukonde cabinet.
Life
Gisèle Ndaya Luseba graduated in marketing from ISC Kinshasa, and has another degree in theology. She has a masters in marketing economics, and is a specialist in political party management at UN Academia. In 2020 her PhD thesis was announced, "The role of women in political institutions in the Democratic Republic of Congo: utopia or reality?". She is married to a prominent magistrate.
Ndaya was appointed Minister for Gender, Family and Children in April 2021. In June 2021 a pan-African Conference on Gender Equality was held in Kinshasa. In July 2021, after the Generation Equality Forum convened by UN Women in Paris, Ndaya and Julienne Lusenge led a delegation of African women announcing the outcome of the Kinshasa conference, a proposed ten-year goal for African women, the Kinshasa Declaration.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women government ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Women's ministers
21st-century women politicians | [
101,
21025,
11246,
2063,
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Lucas Mineiro may refer to:
Lucas Mineiro (footballer, born 1992), Lucas Alberto Pereira da Silva, Brazilian football midfielder
Lucas Mineiro (footballer, born 1996), Lucas da Silva Izidoro, Brazilian football midfielder | [
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Gregory Zarian is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his recurring role as Reed Phillips in the HBO series Westworld and as Nate in the webseries Venice: The Series. He is also known for his role as Avi in the film 86 Melrose Avenue.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Living people
American male film actors
21st-century American male actors
American male television actors | [
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Roni Schwartz (; born 26 January 1984) is an Israeli judoka.
She won the 6 bronze medals in the IJF World Tour, 3 of them in Grand Slam tournaments.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Israeli female judoka
Jewish martial artists
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Israeli female athletes
Israeli Jews | [
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Thomas Willis White (1788–1843) was an American printer and publisher who founded the Southern Literary Messenger. He was born in Williamsburg, Virginia. He became an apprentice at the Virginia Federalist at the age of eleven. Later he gained work as a composer in Norfolk, then moved to Philadelphia and Boston to learn the printing and publishing business. In 1834 he founded the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, Virginia, which became the most prominent literary periodical published in the south. Edgar Allan Poe wrote for the periodical as well as critiquing the work of others and editing the journal.
Early life
Thomas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, the son of Thomas White and Sarah Davis, on 28 March 1788. His father died of yellow fever when he was eight years old. He received very little education before becoming an apprentice to William Rind and John Stuart at the Virginia Federalist, a newspaper in Richmond, Virginia. When his family moved to Norfolk, he obtained work at the Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger. When he set out on his own, he moved to Philadelphia, and then Boston, to learn the printing and pubishing busines. In 1809 he married Margaret Ann Ferguson in Gates County, North Carolina..
Publishing business
In 1817 he returned to Richmond and established a publishing business. In 1820, he wrote Thomas Jefferson asking him for advice on books that he could publish that might be profitable. They exchanged a total of ten letters. Jefferson responded that the only book he could recommend was Baxter's History of England but that it might not be profitable. He also pointed out that the only copy of Baxter in America was the one that he had donated to the Library of Congress. He suggested that White might obtain one in England and have it shipped over.
Southern Literary Messenger
In 1834 he founded the Southern Literary Messenger. Its masthead read "Devoted To Every Department Of Literature And The Fine Aarts". He intended it to be a platform for southern writers of prose and poetry to publish their work. The first issue was published in August 1834 and included laudatory comments from John Quincy Adams and James Fenimore Cooper, among others. It opened with this statement.
In February of 1835 he wrote James Madison asking if he had any manuscripts that he would like published. Madison was confined to his room at the time and did not respond, but his wife Dolley responded. Shortly thereafer, she sent him a manuscript of Madison's Johnathan Bull & Mary Bull, an allegory about slavery that Madison likely wrote around 1821 in response to the Missouri Compromise, asking him to publish it anonymously.
White published the allegory in the March 1835 issue with the disclaimer that "We are sorry that we are not permitted to announce the source from which we derive the original story or apologue of "Jonathan Bull and Mary Bull." Its own merit however, and its obvious application to events of the time at which it was written, will attract a due share of attention." That same issue contained the first contribution from Edgar Allan Poe, titled "Berenice"
In August 1835, after accepting several pieces from Poe, White hired him to write literary critiques and assist in editing the journal. The relationship did not last long due to Poe's excessive drinking and unreliability. White wrote Poe one month later stating, "You have fine talents, Edgar, — and you ought to have them respected as well as yourself. Learn to respect yourself, and you will very soon find that you are respected. Separate yourself from the bottle, and bottle companions, for ever!" Poe was dismissed in 1837 and never returned.
In 1842, while on a business trip to New York, White suffered a stroke while dining at the Astor House. He was returned to Richmond by ship, and lingered until January 1835 when a second stroke took his life. A lengthy obituary was published in the February issue of Southern Literary Messenger.
Personal life
White married Margaret Ann Ferguson in 1809 in Gates County, North Carolina. They had seven children together, three sons, and four daughters. Their third daughter, Eliza, is thought to be the inspiration for Poe's poem, The Raven. Their childhoods were infused with interactions with such famous Americans as Chief Justice John Marshall, Horace Greeley, Daniel Webster, Erastus Brooks, and Henry Clay, who were frequent visitors at the White home
References
American publishers (people)
People from Williamsburg, Virginia
1788 births
1843 deaths | [
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Lucas Rocha may refer to:
Lucas Rocha (footballer, born 1991), Brazilian football defender
Lucas Rocha (footballer, born 1995), Brazilian football centre-back | [
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Mark G. Nickens (born April 8, 1959) is an American former basketball player. In college, he competed for TCU and American. He was a two-time honorable mention All-American and the co-East Coast Conference Player of the Year in 1982.
Playing career
Nickens grew up in Washington, D.C. and attended Mackin High School. In college, he spent his freshman season playing for TCU, appearing in 22 games while averaging 8.9 points per game. The fit was not right, so Nickens transferred to his home city's American University. He had to redshirt a season, then spent his final three years of eligibility playing for the Eagles. Nickens began as the sixth man, but due to an injury to star player Boo Bowers, Nickens was elevated to a starting role and never looked back. In his junior and senior seasons he was named first-team All-East Coast Conference (ECC). As a junior in 1981–82 he averaged 19.2 points, 5.0 rebounds, and 2.5 steals per game while leading American to a 21–9 overall record. Nickens shared the ECC Player of the Year honor with Temple's Granger Hall. Nickens was also named by the Associated Press an honorable mention All-American in both his junior and senior years.
After his collegiate career ended, Nickens was selected in the ensuing 1983 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks in the fourth round (88th overall). He was waived in September prior to the start of the regular season and never appeared in an NBA game.
References
External links
Mark Nickens @ basketball-reference.com
Mark Nickens @ sports-reference.com
1959 births
Living people
American Eagles men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Washington, D.C.
Milwaukee Bucks draft picks
Shooting guards
TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball players | [
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Tatria is a genus of tapeworms in the family Amabiliidae. It contains at least 15 known species and is the largest genus in the Amabiliidae family.
Species
Tatria acanthorhyncha (Wedl, 1855) Kowalewski, 1904
Tatria appendiculata Fuhrmann, 1913
Tatria azerbaijanica Matevosyan & Sailov, 1963
Tatria biremis Kowalewski, 1904
Tatria duodecacantha Olsen, 1939
Tatria fimbriata Borgarenko, Spasskaya & Spasskii, 1972
Tatria fuhrmanni Solomon, 1932
Tatria gulyaevi Vasileva, Gibson & Bray, 2003
Tatria incognita Spassky, 1992
Tatria iunii Korpaczewska & Sulgostowska, 1974
Tatria jubilaea Okorokov & Tkachev, 1973
Tatria mathevossianae Okorokov, 1956
Tatria minor Kowalewski, 1904
Tatria octacantha Rees, 1973
Tatria skrjabini Tretiakova, 1948
References
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Laguna José Ignacio (José Ignacio Lagoon) is a body of water located in Maldonado Department, Uruguay.
A sandbank separates it from the Atlantic Ocean. It is an important birdwatching location.
The nearest famous seaside resort is José Ignacio.
References
External links
Laguna José Ignacio
Jose Ignacio
Landforms of Maldonado Department
Birdwatching sites in Uruguay
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Yellow vests movement (Canada) refers to a series of protests in Canada inspired by the Yellow vests movement that began in France in 2018. Global News also reported that the protests are largely driven by social media, including Yellow Vest Canada on Facebook.
Background
According to a December 17, 2018 Global News article, in Canada, the yellow-vest protests attracted much smaller crowds than those in France. Global cited Yellow Vest Canada Facebook group description as saying, "This group is to protest the CARBON TAX and the Treason of our country's politicians who have the audacity to sell out OUR country's sovereignty over to the Globalist UN and their Tyrannical policies." On February 14, 2019, Canadian Anti-Hate Network (CAHN) reported on how Yellow Vest Canada Facebook groups had attracted "hundreds of thousands" of members within weeks of creating the Facebook pages. As the early messaging changed, and original Facebook members complained, and "were swiftly ostracized and banned". CAHN described how the far-right "rebranded" to "add more grievances" which then attracted "new people into their spaces".
Alberta protest
In 2018, a crowd of hundreds of protesters in Calgary, Alberta, where the headquarters of the hard-hit oil industry are situated, protesters expressed frustration at municipal, provincial, and national governments. Among the first protests in Canada in December were those in the western Canada's oil producing provinces. They protested against the carbon price which will be implemented in April 2019, against Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and against the endorsement of the United Nations Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM).
Protesters in Alberta include the Yellow Vest pro-pipeline convoy of trucks.
Saskatchewan protests
In Saskatchewan, December 22 protests included a 427-truck pro-pipeline convoy in Estevan, 70 people in Yorkton, and 200 people Regina. On December 15, hundreds of yellow vest protesters encountered counter protesters, some of whom also wore high-visibility vests at the Alberta Legislature and Edmonton City Hall. Some protesters held pro-pipeline or anti-illegal immigration signs while counter protesters accused them of racism.
References
2018 in Canadian politics
Protests in Canada | [
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James Franklin Johnson (born February 23, 1926, and died in Los Angeles on November 25, 2000), also known as James F. Johnson or Jimmy Johnson, was an American blues musician.
Johnson wrote the song "Don't Answer the Door", which was recorded by B. B. King.
References
1926 births
2000 deaths
20th-century American male musicians
Blues musicians from Arkansas | [
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Alon Sasson (; born 30 July 1986) is an Israeli judoka.
As part of the Israel national judo team, Sasson won the 2005 European Team Judo Championships. His younger brother is the two-time Olympic medalist judoka Or Sasson.
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Israeli male judoka
Jewish martial artists
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Israeli male athletes
Israeli Jews | [
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The Wolf and the Lion () is a 2021 family film directed by Gilles de Maistre who also wrote the script with his wife Prune de Maistre. The film stars Molly Kunz, who returns to her late grandfather's cabin and finds herself taking care of a wolf cub and lion cub who grow up together as brothers. The film premiered on 25 September 2021 at the Zurich Film Festival where it won best children's film. It went on to wide release on 13 October 2021. The film received generally negative reviews from critics.
Plot
After losing her grandfather, Alma returns to her childhood home in the Canadian wilderness. In the forest, she comes across the wreckage of a plane that had been destined for a circus with a lion cub poached from its mother in Africa. The cub falls into her hands when a bald eagle knocks it out of the nest it fell into during the crash. So, she decides not to hand it over to the forest rangers because her grandfather campaigned against the mistreatment of animals in circuses. At the same time, a female wolf who had somewhat befriended Alma's grandfather comes to find refuge in Alma's house with her pup when she is pursued by two scientists. The lion cub and the wolf cub live like brothers; they play together and both are kept well-fed thanks to the she-wolf. But, the wolf mother disappears (after being hit with a tranquilizer dart by the two scientists, who wish to relocate her to a breeding facility for endangered wolf species) while Alma is off on a 2-day trip involving a classical music audition for the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. This leaves her the only one to raise and protect the cubs while the three of them live in peace for a year or two. During which time, she names the wolf pup Mozart and the lion cub "Dreamer" (in apparent reference to the Ozzy Osbourne song). After Alma has an accident, her Native Canadian godfather Joe must notify the authorities in order to save her, despite the fact that this separates the trio. The three of them then seek each other out to be together again.
Cast
Molly Kunz as Alma
Graham Greene as Joe
Charlie Carrick as Eli
Production and release
Gilles de Maistre said that during the filming of Mia and the White Lion he had a discussion with wolf trainer Andrew Simpson and lion trainer Kevin Richardson that gave him the idea for the film. He then wrote a script with his wife Prune de Maistre. Paddington (the wolf) and Walter (the lion) were raised together from the age of 5 weeks. Only a few people, including Molly Kunz could approach them, the film crew and the other actors were behind cages. The production adapted to its star animals, which resulted in 16 script revisions. After filming, Paddington and Walter continue to live together in Canada on Andrew Simpson's reservation.
The Wolf and the Lion premiered at the Zurich Film Festival on 25 September 2021, and the wide release began on 13 October 2021. Blue Fox Entertainment obtained the US distribution rights, where it was released on 4 February 2022.
Reception
The film holds a 29% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 21 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The film has received praise for the picturesque scenery and the scenes involving the animals, but beyond that, it has faced criticism of its feature-length runtime and the aspects of the film that involve the plot and human actors. In his review for the Austin Chronicle, Richard Whittaker enjoyed the sweet return of the recently absent animal-adventure film genre, but he felt the production sent mixed messages about wild animal relationships amongst each other and with humans. For the Los Angeles Times, Kimber Myers called the film "laughably bad", and summed up the general sentiment writing, "The Wolf and the Lion does have impressive scenes of these two animals, first as aww-inducing babies and then as awe-inspiring adults, all shot in the impossibly beautiful Canadian forest. However, it’s strung together with an implausible script, odd framing and nonsensical editing."
Accolades
After its debut, the film won best children's film at the Zurich Film Festival.
References
External links
2021 films
English-language French films
Films about animals
French-language films
StudioCanal films
Films set in Canada | [
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Donovan Rellum (or Donnevan Rellum; born 4 January 2000) is a Surinamese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for SVB Eerste Divisie club Transvaal and the Suriname national team.
References
2000 births
Living people
Surinamese footballers
Association football midfielders
S.V. Transvaal players
SVB Eerste Divisie players
Suriname youth international footballers
Suriname international footballers | [
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The Cerberean Cauldron is a caldera in Australia which erupted about 374 million years ago and It forms the northern part of the Marysville Igneous Complex in central Victoria and is now in the Lake Eildon National Park.
References
Calderas
Supervolcanoes | [
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Cloud City Ice Cream is an ice cream parlor in Portland, Oregon.
Description
Cloud City Ice Cream is an ice cream parlor in southeast Portland's Woodstock neighborhood. The menu includes ice cream cake, ice cream sandwiches ("Pie Creams"), and the Unicone (a sugar cone dipped in white chocolate, with ice cream and sprinkles). The Cherry Bomb has tart cherry ice cream and a vanilla pie crust. The Malted French Silk has malted chocolate ice cream and a dark chocolate pie crust. The Snappy Goat ice cream sandwich has lemon goat cheese ice cream with a ginger snap pie crust.
Ice cream cakes have included the Ginger Pumpkin Chai, the Malted Chocolate Cherry Bomb, and the Mexican Coca-Cola Cake, which has dark chocolate butter cake, vanilla chiffon cake, caramel ice cream, cinnamon buttercream, and a dark chocolate glaze. Drink options include coffee (Stumptown Coffee Roasters), hot chocolate, ice cream floats, and milkshakes. Waffle cones are made on site.
The Stumptown (coffee) ice cream flavor was the most popular, as of 2012. Other ice cream flavors have included butter pecan, cookies and cream, honey lavender, pistachio, sea salt cookie dough, Grilled Peach Sweet Tea, and Sasquatch Tracks. Circus Friends has Mother's Circus Animal Cookies and sweet cream, and Totes Ma'Goats has goat cheese ice cream with lemon curd. The Sunshine is a vegan option and has cardamom, cinnamon, turmeric, and Thai coconut milk. The Bourbon Vanilla uses Burnside Bourbon and the Chocolate Stout flavor uses Hopworks Urban Brewery's Survival Stout beer.
History
Spouses Bryan and Sarah Gilbert opened Cloud City Ice Cream in 2011. The business replaced Chill Ice Cream, which was sold following the deaths of the owners earlier in the year. The ice cream parlor Surf Shack operated in the same space prior to Chill Ice Cream. Andrea Bowers was Cloud City's initial pastry chef. The company's logo and business cards were designed by local artist Guita Anderson.
Reception
In 2012, Nora Eileen Jones of Willamette Week said of the chocolate stout ice cream with Hopworks, "It was insanely good and surprisingly refreshing for a chocolate ice cream—the stout in the mixture added some tiny yet welcome ice crystals to the thick confection. It's a very mature flavor, with more rich darkness to it than your average chocolate ice cream." Lizzy Acker recommended the Totes Ma'Goats and Sunshine flavors in The Oregonian's 2018 list of "23 of the best frozen treats from around Portland you need to try this summer".
Darcy Schild selected Cloud City for Oregon in Business Insider 2019 list of the best ice cream shops in each U.S. state. Pete Cottell included Cloud City in Thrillist's 2019 list of Portland's "most essential spots" for ice cream. He said the business was "perhaps the newest superstar in the Portland ice cream scene" and wrote, "It's rare that a nouveau riche ice cream boutique manages to impress both adults and children in equal measure, but Cloud City continually knocks it out of the park for tastes that are at once juvenile, sophisticated, and that weird grey area in between." Michelle Lopez and Brooke Jackson-Glidden included Cloud City in Eater Portland 2021 list of "Where to Find Supremely Tasty Ice Cream in Portland", writing: The website's Nathan Williams recommended Cloud City in a 2022 overview of eateries in the Woodstock neighborhood.
References
External links
Cloud City Ice Cream at Zomato
2011 establishments in Oregon
Ice cream parlors
Restaurants established in 2011
Restaurants in Portland, Oregon
Woodstock, Portland, Oregon | [
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Mr. Westerby Missing is a 1940 detective novel by the British writer Cecil Street, writing under the pen name of Miles Burton. It was the twenty-second in a series of books featuring the detective Desmond Merrion and Inspector Arnold of Scotland Yard. It was published in the United States by Doubleday the same year.
In The Observer Maurice Richardson considered it as "another of Mr. Burton’s sound patient investigations" while in his New York Times review Isaac Anderson noted "Miles Burton has written many good mystery stories, and this is one of his best".
Synopsis
John Westerby, a keen ornithologist living in a peaceful village, goes missing one November evening with a large sum of money in his possession. The case perplexes Inspector Arnold who can't work out if Westerby has suffered an accident, committed suicide, has been murdered, or is still alive. As so often it takes the assistance of his friend Merrion to crack the case.
References
Bibliography
Evans, Curtis. Masters of the "Humdrum" Mystery: Cecil John Charles Street, Freeman Wills Crofts, Alfred Walter Stewart and the British Detective Novel, 1920-1961. McFarland, 2014.
Herbert, Rosemary. Whodunit?: A Who's Who in Crime & Mystery Writing. Oxford University Press, 2003.
Reilly, John M. Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers. Springer, 2015.
1940 British novels
Novels by Cecil Street
British mystery novels
British detective novels
Collins Crime Club books
Novels set in England | [
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The oath of Bereg (), also labelled as agreement at Bereg (), was a treaty signed between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Holy See in the forests of Bereg on 20 August 1233. In the document, King Andrew II of Hungary vowed that he would not employ Jews and Muslims to administer royal revenues, which caused a decade-long discord with the Holy See starting in the early 1220s, composing of diplomatic complaints and ecclesiastical censures. The document is also an important source for the history of salt trade in Hungary.
Background
Since the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, the Hungarians demonstrated a tolerant attitude towards Jews and Muslims (also called Böszörménys). The presence of non-Christian merchants in the kingdom was due to its role as a crossroad of trading routes leading towards Constantinople, Regensburg and Kiev. Géza II, who ruled Hungary in the mid-12th century, even employed Muslim soldiers who had been recruited from among the peoples of the Eurasian steppes. Nevertheless, the employment of non-Christian officials in administrative functions also had tradition too in Hungary: a royal charter of Coloman, King of Hungary from 1111 refer to "agents" of the royal treasury, who were of "Khalyzians" (Muslims).
Andrew II ascended the Hungarian throne in 1205, following years of struggle with his brother Emeric. He introduced a new policy for royal grants, which he called "new institutions" in one of his charters. He distributed large portions of the royal domainroyal castles and all estates attached to themas inheritable grants to his supporters, declaring that "the best measure of a royal grant is its being immeasurable." Royal revenues decreased, which led to the introduction of new taxes and their farming out to wealthy Muslims and Jews. The new methods of raising funds for the royal treasury created widespread unrest. Andrew also employed Jews and Muslims to administer royal revenues, which caused a discord between the monarch and the Holy See starting in the early 1220s. The first known sign of this is that Pope Honorius III requested King Andrew II and Queen Yolanda of Courtenay to abandon the employment of Jews and Muslim in royal administration in April 1221. He also sought to reach to prohibit non-Christians to hold Christian slaves. The complaints of popes reflected the resolutions of the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215) against the non-Christian subjects.
When a group of discontented lords assumed power in the spring of 1222, they forced Andrew to issue the Golden Bull of 1222, which prohibited the employment of Muslims and Jews in royal administration. Despite Andrew continued to employ them in the subsequent years, according to a letter of Pope Honorius III to Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa and his subordinates in August 1225, blaming the prelate of tolerating the violation of the prohibition in the realm, and even in his own archdiocese. Pope Gregory referred to the Councils of Toledo and its confirmation by the Fourth Council of the Lateran that non-Christians were forbidden to hold public office. This ban was confirmed when Andrew II, urged by the prelates, issued the Golden Bull's new variant in 1231, which authorized the Archbishop of Esztergom to excommunicate him in case of his departure from its provisions.
Immediate events
Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom made a complaint to the Roman Curia in 1231 that Andrew II continued to employ Jews and Muslims despite the aforementioned prohibitions and his former conflict with the Holy See over the issue. Pope Gregory IX instructed Robert in March 1231 to take action because, according to complaints, Christians in Hungary have suffered various harms because of Jews and Muslims. Mixing people of different religions was also seen by the pope as a source of danger, as he believed this could have increased the risk of leaving the faith. The pope also argued the disarray of the situation of non-Christians hinders the cause of the baptism of the Cumans. Even from the year 1232, the names of non-Christian officials were preserved: Samuel was of "Saracen" origin, who later converted to Roman Catholicism, and Teha (or Teka) was Jewish, both were ispáns of the royal chamber (). Their function is reflected by surviving royal coins with Hebrew letters and inscriptions.
Although Andrew II pledged to respect the privileges of the clergymen and to dismiss his non-Christian officials in his two Golden Bulls, he never fulfilled the latter promise. As a result, Archbishop Robert excommunicated Andrew's key financial advisors – Palatine Denis, son of Ampud, Master of the treasury Nicholas and the aforementioned former chamberlain Samuel of "Saracen" origin – and placed Hungary under an interdict on 25 February 1232. Robert justified his action by the role of the Ishmaelites in the royal administration, especially in minting. He also accused Samuel of heresy and of supporting Muslims and "false" Christians. He, though, refrained from excommunicating King Andrew II himself. Andrew II petitioned to the Roman Curia, complaining about the deeds of the archbishop. In response, Pope Gregory sent a letter to Archbishop Robert in July 1232, in which he accused him of exceeding his powers. The pope emphasized that Robert's jurisdiction as papal legate was limited to the area inhabited by the Cumans and ordered him not to apply further ecclesiastical punishments. The pope promised Andrew that nobody would be excommunicated without the pope's special authorization. Since the archbishop accused the Muslims of persuading Andrew to seize church property, Andrew restored properties to the archbishop, who soon suspended the interdict upon the instruction of the pope.
Pope Gregory IX, simultaneously with his letter, also sent James of Pecorara, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina as his papal legate to Hungary, who was entrusted to reach an agreement between King Andrew II and Archbishop Robert. The cardinal arrived to Hungary in September 1232. The king avoided meeting him in the following months, thus the cardinal was able to deal with only internal affairs of the church in Hungary. According to historian Tibor Almási, Andrew II, in possession of the papal reassurance, endeavored to hold back all progress in the negotiations to the end, and James of Pecorara could not even threaten a more severe sanction. In early 1233, James met Archbishop Robert and the Hungarian prelates. They jointly transcribed and confirmed Andrew's 1222 donations of privilege to Hungarian Church in March 1233. The cardinal also dealt with the case of the Teutonic Knights, which was expelled from Hungary in 1225. The cardinal sent his chaplain Roger of Torre Maggiore to Rome to report that Andrew II hesitates to reconcile with the Holy See and has been sabotaging the negotiations in various ways for months.
To move the negotiations out of the deadlock, Pope Gregory sent three letters to Hungary on 12 August 1233. The addressees of the two letters were the papal legate. In the first letter, Pope Gregory authorized James of Pecorara to renew, if necessary, the prohibition and excommunication of members of the royal entourage in order to enforce the king's compliance, but, in the second letter, expressly forbade the excommunication of the king himself or his sons – princes Béla, Coloman and Andrew. King Andrew received the third letter: the pope listed the "terrible" abuses that forced Archbishop Robert to proclaim ecclesiastical censures before that, and which Andrew did not even remedy in spite of the warning words of the legate. The pope assured the king that he sincerely likes his person, but as the pope must measure everyone's actions equally, the verdict that the legate will make against the "rebellious" elements, he will also be forced to approve. The extent to which the letters facilitated an agreement is questionable, as it was only eight days before the oath of Bereg was concluded. According to historian Nándor Knauz, Lajos Balics and Vilmos Fraknói, Andrew could already know the papal opinion through his ambassadors.
Although Andrew departed for Halych to support his youngest son Andrew in a fight against Daniel Romanivich, he was willing to meet the representatives of the papal legate, Bartholomew, Bishop of Veszprém and Cognoscens, a canon of Esztergom. On 20 August 1233, the two papal envoys caught up with Andrew II and his accompaniment in the forests of Bereg in the northeast corner of the Kingdom of Hungary before his departure to lead his military campaign against Halych. According to Almási, Bartholomew and Cognoscens forced Andrew to choose between immediate agreement and the imposition of ecclesiastical censure. The submitted draft assured James that the final confirmation of the agreement would take place in his presence. Two days after the meeting in the forest of Bereg, Andrew's heir and political rival, Duke Béla also arrived the scene with his entourage – for instance, Mojs – and also swore oath to the agreement two days later, on 22 August 1233. The Hungarian king met personally James of Pecorara only in Esztergom in September 1233, where the economic details were agreed and the barons of the realm – including Nicholas Szák, Peter Tétény, Maurice Pok, Baldwin Rátót, File Szeretvai and the formerly excommunicated treasurer Nicholas. In the document, the papal legate expressly required that Palatine Denis – a key reformer of economy, who was involed many conflicts with the church in the previous years – should also swear to the oath of Bereg.
Content
The text of the oath of Bereg was preserved in two original charters and two transcribed copies. It was issued on 20 August 1233, and then in September 1233 it was transcribed by Andrew in a letter to the papal legate James of Pecorara, and finally by Archbishop Robert of Esztergom on 19 February 1234. It was formulated entirely according to the demands of the legate; it consisted of two main parts, one relating to non-Christians and the other to privileges, especially salt income, of the church in Hungary. Duke Béla secured his earlier promise in his diploma issued on 23 February 1234. Additionally, his oath also contained that he will act against the heretics and lead the disobedient to the obedience of the church in his domain. Pope Gregory also confirmed the oath too in his letter to Archbishop Robert in January 1234.
Affairs of non-Christians
Andrew II, similarly to the provisions of the golden bulls of 1222 and 1231, swore he will not employ Jews and Muslims as officials of the royal treasury (chamber) and of the mintage, administrators of the salt mining and collectors of taxes, not even by subjecting them to Christian superiors in these royal offices. Andrew also forbade to place Jews and Saracens, or Ishmaelites, at the head of a public office.
The oath of Bereg also prescribed both non-Christian groups to be distinguished and separated from Christians by means of badges, while forbade both Jews and Saracens to buy or to hire Christian slaves. Those bishops, whose dioceses were inhabited by a significant number of Muslim or Jewish communities, were permitted to request the separation of those people from Christian settlements. The oath prohibited marriage, cohabitation and any business relationship between Christians and non-Christians. In accordance with the agreement, the palatine or other appointed royal courtier had to be sent out each year to check for a violation of the law; every transgressor, whether Jew, Muslim or Christian, will lose property and be sentenced to eternal slavery for life.
Privileges of the church
The jurisdiction of ecclesiastical judiciary regarding morning-gift (dower), dowry and marital affairs was enshrined in the agreement. Andrew emphasized he will not allow secular courts to hear these cases, "because we do not want to interfere in them and we are not competent". Andrew promised not to impair ecclesiastical privileges. The Hungarian monarch determined that ecclesiastical persons (clergymen and their subjects) could be judged only by ecclesiastical courts, except for lawsuits involving ownership of possessions and landholdings, as it has been the customary rule of the king from the beginning. The oath also guaranteed the complete tax exemption for church persons and clergy. The king also stipulated that church members were required to consult with him regarding the imposition of their own tax, after which they jointly could turn to the pope for a decision.
The agreement sought to remedy the alleged damage to the economic structure of the church, as the monarch and his secular elite were accused of unlawfully confiscating and usurping a significant proportion of the revenues of Catholic Church in Hungary. James of Pecorara endeavoured to ensure that neither the monarch nor his barons appropriated church revenues, primarily the salt mining and trade from Transylvania via the river Maros (Mureș). Andrew II promised to pay altogether 10,000 marks in five years (1234–1238) as compensation for revenues already appropriated, which were equivalent of the salt revenues that the king had withheld from the churches in Hungary. The Bishop of Csanád, the Abbot of Pannonhalma and the Abbot of Egres were entrusted to receive the sum on the due dates in the Dominican monastery at Pest. Andrew permitted that churches are free to transport their salt to their own church, where from the officials of the salt chamber were obliged to pay according to the set tariff by a specified deadline (8 September and 21 December), including shipping and storage costs. The churches were free to dispose of the salt as long as the king's officials did not exercise the right of pre-emption. The king also determined that the churches should be paid for with good quality silver Friesacher pfennigs or in silver of one-tenth quality.
According to historian Beatrix F. Romhányi, the agreement at Bereg covered only the salt transport along the river Maros, while there were other land routes, most notably the route across the Meszes Gate (today in Meseș Mountains) to Szalacs (present-day Sălacea, Romania). F. Romhányi argued the churches altogether stored salt transported from Transylvania, nearly three-quarters of which was delivered via the Salacs route, and only slightly more than ¼ of it came from the Maros route, while there were also salt warehouses in Pressburg (today Bratislava, Slovakia) and Sopron. The following lists contains the share of the various churches from salt trade and storage via the river Maros according to the oath of Bereg and some attached charters (issued on 1 October 1233), and the share by type of institution:
Aftermath
The conflict between Andrew II and the Holy See continued after the departure of papal legate James of Pecorara from Hungary in 1234. The monarch did not pay the compensation (10,000 marks) he undertook to the Church. John of Wildeshausen, the Bishop of Bosnia put Hungary under a new interdict in the first half of 1234, because Andrew had not dismissed his non-Christian officials despite his oath of Bereg. However, Archbishop Robert now supported the king, who protested against the bishop's act at the Holy See. Historian Nora Berend considered the oath of Bereg and the subsequent interdict was a chapter in the power struggle between the papacy, Hungarian prelates and the royal court. Upon Andrew's request, Pope Gregory IX allowed the investigation of the separation of non-Christians to take place once every two years. Although the pope ordered Bishop John to lift the interdict in August 1234, this did not happen. In August 1235, the pope instructed Andrew do not threaten those who abide by the provisions of the interdict, but allowed the king to defer the payment of the compensation he had undertaken.
Throughout the 13th century, the royal court continued to employ non-Christian officials, despite the oath of Bereg. During the reign of Béla IV, who ascended the Hungarian throne after the death of his father Andrew II in 1235, frequently appointed Jews as court chamberlains, for instance one Henul, Wluelius and Altman. Béla also entrusted the Jews with the mint; and coins with Hebrew letters of this period are still found in Hungary. Although Béla formally applied to the pope for permission to employ non-Christians and farm out royal revenues to them in 1239, Pope Gregory rejected it.
References
Sources
1233 in Europe
13th century in Hungary
Holy See–Hungary relations
Bereg
Bereg
Jewish Hungarian history
Islam in Hungary
Christian anti-Judaism in the Middle Ages
13th-century documents
1233 works
Bereg
History of salt
Economic history of Hungary | [
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Isophthalaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CHO)2. It is one of three isomers of benzene dicarbaldehyde, related to phthalic acid. It is colorless, although commercial samples often appear yellowish. One preparation entails the Sommelet reaction of α,α'-diamino-ortho-xylene.
References
Benzaldehydes | [
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Lior Wildikan (; born 21 July 1989) is an Israeli judoka.
She won the silver medal at the 2013 Judo Grand Prix Almaty and placed 7th at the 2015 World Judo Championships.
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Israeli female judoka
Jewish martial artists
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Israeli female athletes
Israeli Jews | [
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Soldiers on the Moon is the third studio album by the American singer and songwriter David Lasley, released in 1989 on Pony Canyon Records. It was met with critical acclaim by music journalists including Stephen Holden of The New York Times, among others.
Lasley wrote three of the eleven songs including the title track and a cover of his song "You Bring Me Joy". The remaining songs are covers including "It's Too Late", "Since I Fell For You", “I Think It's Gonna Rain Today" and "God Bless The Child". Agenda Records released the album in the US in 1990. In 2000, Cool Sounds reissued the album in Japan.
Soldiers On The Moon was produced by Jeffrey Weber as a live to 2-track studio recording at Ocean Way Studios. The rhythm section included Jeff Porcaro, Abe Laboriel, Luis Conte, Bob Mann, and Marty Walsh.Luther Vandross is the arranger of the background vocals. David Benoit appears on every track.
Songs and style
The opening song is a cover of Carole King's song "It's Too Late" which Holden singles out as the "outstanding cut" calling it "a dreamy extended rendition...that uses a fragment of King's 'Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?" as an introduction."
Critical reception
Stephen Holden of The New York Times called it "a lushly produced collection of ballads"...with "diaphanous textures and languid tempos" that "echo the ultra-romantic style" of Luther Vandross' albums, who's presence "can be felt all over" the record. Alex Henderson of Cashbox described the album as "relaxed R&B with Jazz leanings".Gavin Report praised the album remarking "Lasley's extraordinarily wide range led to him writing "You Bring Me Joy" which was covered...by Anita Baker" and on "the torchy, smoldering Billie Holiday ballad "God Bless The Child." Jonathan Widran of AllMusic praised the album for its "sensuous originals" and "dynamite covers of tunes" saying "Lasley's The Stylistics-like vocals are richest on the soaring parts of the ballads."
References
1989 albums
Pony Canyon albums | [
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1996,
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The (AVG, AVg, Aka, AV; English: Academic publishing company) in Leipzig was an important German academic publisher, which was founded in 1906.
The original Jewish owners of the publishing house and key employees were expropriated during the time of the Nazi regime, emigrated and founded new scientific publishing houses in other countries. The publishing house was then named .
After World War II, in the German Democratic Republic (GDR/DDR) the Leipzig branch of the publishing house was transformed into in 1947 and 1951. This was dissolved in 1991 as a consequence of the German reunification.
Between 1953 and 1983, another seeing itself as the legal successor of the original company existed in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG/BRD) in Frankfurt am Main and Wiesbaden.
Today, there are two German publishing houses claiming to stand in the tradition of the , AULA-Verlag and AKA-Verlag, although legally they are new and independent foundations.
History
founded an antiquarian bookshop in Leipzig in 1879. Leo Salomon Jolowicz (born 12 August 1868 in Posen; died 7 June 1940 in Leipzig) took over the bookshop in 1898 and turned it into the largest and best-known scientific antiquarian bookshop in Germany.
On 4 April 1906, Jolowicz then founded the with Gustav Rothschild (procurator at the Fock bookshop) und Paul Werthauer, who left in 1914 already.
A decade after being founded, the antiquarian bookshop Fock had already opened department stores in New York and San Franciso, later also in Tokyo. In 1991, the renowned Buchhandlung Mayer & Müller in Berlin, who also had a scientific program and distributed many American scientific journals, was added to the portfolio. The C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung in Leipzig followed in 1923.
The publishing house became one of the best-known scientific publishers, publishing well-known journals such as the (Journal of physical chemistry, 1887 introduced by Wilhelm Ostwald and Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, taken over from Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann in Leipzig, in 1920), the (Handbook of experimental physics) by and Wilhelm Wien (26 volumes with a total of pages and images, 1926 to 1937, meant as competitor to by Springer-Verlag), the (Handbook of radiology) (6 volumes, 1913 to 1934), (Rabenhorst's cryptogam flora), (Bronn's classes and orders of the animal kingdom), (Results of enzyme research) and (Results of vitamin and hormone research).
Among many others, the list of authors included Wilhelm Ostwald (i.e. , since 1918), Svante Arrhenius (, 1906), Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, William Ramsay, Arnold Sommerfeld (Lectures on theoretical physics) und Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. From 1921, also published a well-known series of new editions of scientific classics (taken over from Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann in 1919). Other journals taken over from Engelmann were (founded in 1849, oldest German zoological journal, taken over in 1923), (founded in 1878, taken over in 1924) and (founded in 1876, taken over in 1924). The publisher also took over in 1926 (founded in 1876 by Buchhandlung Gustav Fock, before 1918 issued by Engelmann), (founded in 1904 by Verlag W. Klinckhardt, taken over in 1927), the periodical (founded in 1859 by in Frankfurt am Main, and in Frankfurt am Main, taken over in 1929), and in 1930 (, founded in 1907, originally by in Leipzig, then issued by M. Krayn in Hamburg). The successors of the publishing house in West and East Germany continued this tradition. For the most part Jolowicz published natural sciences, medicine and mathematics, but also Hebraica and Judaica.
Leo Jolowicz's son-in-law Kurt Jacoby (born 1893 in Insterburg; died August 1968 in New York) was also involved in the expansion of the publishing house. He had previously worked for and became deputy manager and another owner at in 1923. In 1930, Jolowicz's son Walter Jolowicz (1908–1996, who later called himself Walter J. Johnson after emigrating to the USA) joined the business as well.
In the early 1930s the publishing house published 26 journals. Some 70% of the revenue were generated in foreign markets, which helped to solidify the business despite decreasing profits. In 1933, had a revenue of 1 million Reichsmark and a profit of 337,000 Reichsmark.
When the National Socialists came to power, the publishing house was "aryanized" (Jolowicz was a Jew) and Jolowicz was gradually pushed out of the business. In 1937, he finally left the publishing house. He applied for emigration in 1939, but was unable to leave Germany and died in 1940, possibly by suicide.
His son Walter and his son-in-law Kurt Jacoby were sent to a concentration camp in 1938, but were then able to leave Germany and emigrated via Russia, Japan and other countries to New York, USA, where they arrived in 1941 and 1942, respectively, and founded the publishing house Academic Press. Other emigrants like and former members of like Erich Simon Proskauer (1903–1991) had already founded in New York in 1940. The Dutch (1913–1995), who had absolved his training at since 1934, joined the new publishing house (later part of Elsevier) in 1936 to build it up following 's model.
Johannes Geest and Felix Portig followed Jolowicz as publishing directors. In 1940, however, their names were soon replaced by Walter Becker and Willy Erler in the commercial register. Formally, they were a limited partnership (KG) as .
The book inventory of Gustav Fock GmbH burned down in a bomb attack on Leipzig on 4 December 1943.
After World War II, Geest and Portig re-established the in the Soviet occupation zone on 25 February 1947, and later received a renewed license from East Germany on 26 October 1951. Johannes Geest died in 1947 and his heiress Marianne Lotze took over the shares as a . After Portig's death in January 1953 and the "" of Lotze, the majority of the shares in the KG were taken over by the state. In 1959, these were transferred to VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag.
From 1964 onwards, the was effectively affiliated to the B. G. Teubner Verlag as far as publishing activities were concerned. Together, they continued to publish and the series of biographies of important scientists. In addition, also published numerous university textbooks in the GDR (such as the (Basic plan of inorganic chemistry) by a collective of authors, which reached a circulation of ).
The remaining heiress Gertrud Margarete Portig was pushed out of the company entirely by 1972 when the publishing house became the property of VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. However, the publishing programs of Gustav Fischer Verlag and were quite different.
Newly founded in December 1953 as a consequence of East-Germany's occupation of the publishing house in Leipzig, there was another in Frankfurt am Main aiming as the original publisher's successor in West Germany. It was later situated in Wiesbaden and since 1975 owned by the publisher family Steiner. It existed until 1983.
After the German reunification, the East-German fell to the Treuhandanstalt, which closed the publishing house in 1991. Surviving archive material of the publisher is preserved in the , under inventory .
Other publishers
The aka in Wiebelsheim, Germany, was founded in 1982 and claims to have been originally based on usage rights of the older , the (the successor of Albert Hachfeld's in Potsdam) and the . Since autumn 1993, AULA-Verlag works with the and the in a publishing cooperation. (The Wiebelsheim publisher must not be confused with the unrelated namesake in Graz, Austria, an extreme right publisher.)
In 1996, the aka was founded. This publisher claims to continue the tradition of the former as well.
See also
Edition Leipzig, was hosted at in 1960
Notes
References
Further reading
(230 pages, blue linen)
(5 pages)
(155 pages) (NB. On Leo Jolowicz.)
(184 pages, blue linen)
(124 pages) (NB. On Leo Jolowicz.)
External links
Uns eint die Liebe zum Buch. Jüdische Verleger in Leipzig 1815–1938 Video about exhibition in 2021 [25:46]
Volkseigene Betriebe
Academic publishing companies
Educational book publishing companies
Publishing companies of Germany
Book publishing companies of Germany
Publishing companies established in 1906
Publishing companies disestablished in 1991 | [
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Pete Elliott is a British engineer and politician.
Mr Elliott is also a councillor representing Gipsy Hill on the Lambeth Council in London since 2018.
Early life and local political career
Before moving to Lambeth in 2008, Pete spent 22 years as an engineer in the army and RAF, he moved to Gipsy Hill in 2018.
In his free time, Pete is a keen runner and cyclist. He has completed more than 150 marathons and ultra-marathons.
Carnegie Library and 2016 by-election
Carnegie Library, Herne Hill was closed by Lambeth Council from March 2016 to February 2018 with hopes to sell it to a property developer, something considered illegal. The library was occupied in protest at its closure for nine days by members of the local community, including senior citizens and teenagers studying for A level exams. Protesters from campaign group Defend The Ten voluntarily left the library before being evicted, and the occupation ended with a protest march to Brixton Library.
The Green Party of Lambeth was heavily involved with these protests, and Mr Elliott himself appeared on the news in favour of the occupation and when a by-election was announced for Gipsy Hill, the Green party nominated him as their candidate.
He came 2nd and was 36 votes away of getting elected, a strong blow for the Lambeth Council that forced them to stop the Carnegie Library closure as well as raised questions on the recent turn to the right of Lambeth Labour within Labour councillors.
2018 Election and 1st term as Councillor
He ran again in the 2018 Lambeth London Borough Council election for Gipsy Hill and became the 1st Green councillor of the ward.
As a councillor and member of the Housing Scrutiny Sub-Committee he has been more active than the Labour Chair in securing quality housing for the borough, making it to the news several times as a champion for housing and environmental concerns.
As well as a very vocal critic of the council on their own housing policies, criticizing a lack of strategy to help the 7,000 people in temporary accommodation, the Thousands of Council homes that have been sold off in Lambeth and the fact that local housing development will deliver 60% for private sale and only 25% will be for council level rents.
Electoral Performance
References
1968 births
Living people
Councillors in the London Borough of Lambeth | [
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The 2003 Sharpie 500 was the 24th stock car race of the 2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 43rd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, August 23, 2003, before a crowd of 160,000 in Bristol, Tennessee at Bristol Motor Speedway, a 0.533 miles (0.858 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. At race's end, Kurt Busch of Roush Racing would win a caution-filled event, with 20 cautions that matched the track record to win his seventh career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his third and final win of the season. To fill out the podium, Kevin Harvick of Richard Childress Racing and Jamie McMurray of Chip Ganassi Racing would finish second and third, respectively.
Background
The Bristol Motor Speedway, formerly known as Bristol International Raceway and Bristol Raceway, is a NASCAR short track venue located in Bristol, Tennessee. Constructed in 1960, it held its first NASCAR race on July 30, 1961. Despite its short length, Bristol is among the most popular tracks on the NASCAR schedule because of its distinct features, which include extraordinarily steep banking, an all concrete surface, two pit roads, and stadium-like seating. It has also been named one of the loudest NASCAR tracks.
Entry list
Practice
Originally, three practice sessions were going to be held, with all three being held on Friday, August 22. However, due to a long rain delay during qualifying, the second practice session was canceled.
First practice
The first practice session was held on Friday, August 22, at 11:20 AM EST, and would last for two hours. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports would set the fastest time in the session, with a lap of 15.095 and an average speed of .
Second and final practice
The second and final practice session, sometimes referred to as Happy Hour, was held on Friday, August 22, at 6:15 PM EST, and would last for 45 minutes. Kevin Harvick of Richard Childress Racing would set the fastest time in the session, with a lap of 15.598 and an average speed of .
Qualifying
Qualifying was held on Friday, August 22, at 3:05 PM EST. Each driver would have two laps to set a fastest time; the fastest of the two would count as their official qualifying lap. Positions 1-36 would be decided on time, while positions 37-43 would be based on provisionals. Six spots are awarded by the use of provisionals based on owner's points. The seventh is awarded to a past champion who has not otherwise qualified for the race. If no past champ needs the provisional, the next team in the owner points will be awarded a provisional.
Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports would win the pole, setting a time of 15.038 and an average speed of .
Hermie Sadler, Billy Bigley, Derrike Cope, and Morgan Shepherd would fail to qualify.
Full qualifying results
Race results
References
2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
NASCAR races at Bristol Motor Speedway
August 2003 sports events in the United States
2003 in sports in Tennessee | [
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The term kamakura sometimes refers to (1) a type of traditional snow dome or quinzhee in some colder parts of Japan,
or (2) various ceremonial winter celebrations in a few snowy regions of Japan, or (3)
a specific Shinto deity known as "Kamakura Daimyojin" (鎌倉大明神) revered during some of those ceremonies. In the first two contexts, kamakura is typically written either in hiragana or katakana. However, when referring to the Shinto deity Chinese characters are generally used. During some kamakura festivals, altars are set up inside domes of snow and Shinto rites are performed.
The ceremonies in some locales are reputedly adaptations of a traditional ceremony once held in the Kyoto Imperial Palace.
It appears that the practice of worshipping Suijin, a Shinto god of water, during the winter
probably came to northeastern Japan during the early Kamakura period when
the Nikaidō clan became local landowners. This ceremony may have morphed into various winter fire festivals during which villagers pray for good harvests. In the Uonuma region of south-central Niigata Prefecture,
the snow domes made for such ceremonies are known as honyara-dō.
One theory holds that the term "kamakura" arose from a resemblance of many snow domes to round ceramic kilns (窯).
A different theory suggests that "kamakura" is a corruption of "kami-kura," (神蔵) which might be translated as a "storehouse of the gods."
In either case, the connection with the city of Kamakura in present-day Kanagawa prefecture is tenuous. However, in
places where the deity "Kamakura Daimyojin" is worshipped and Kamakura festivals date back to the days of the
Kamakura shogunate, the ceremony might have been one way for the shogunate to ritually display its power.
Specific Kamakura Celebrations
Yokote Kamakura Festival
Winter events with "kamakura" snow huts are currently held in a number of locations in Japan.
For example, in Yokote City in central Akita prefecture such events are celebrated every February 14 to 16.
This event likely dates to a time when the Onodera clan ruled that area during the Sengoku period.
During Yokote's Kamakura Festival, several hundred snow domes of various sizes dot the city.
This event is immediately followed by a
"Bonden Festival" during which Shinto ceremonies occur.
Together, both festivals are sometimes jointly described as the "Yokote Snow Festival." In Yokote City there is also a small museum about the history of kamakura snow domes.
Rokugō Kamakura Festival
Not far north from Yokote City in the Semboku District of Akita prefecture another kamakura festival is held each February 11 to 15.
The "Rokugō Kamakura Festival" has been classified as an Intangible Folk Cultural Asset by the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs.
This festival is centered around Akita Suwagu Shrine, which is near Iizume Station on the Ōu Main Line. During that festival, numerous kamakura ice houses can be seen. However, photographs reveal that not all of these have a rounded shapes: some have square walls and thatched bamboo roofs. In fact, such structures are known as "torioi koya" (鳥追小屋, lit. "bird chasing huts"). Moreover, the Shinto deity "Kamakura Daimyojin" is enshrined in some of those ceremonial winter huts.
On each February 13 in Rokugō village, children typically visit each other's huts and sing songs about chasing birds.
Two days later, there is usually a rice-cake pounding ceremony to celebrate the end of winter.
During that time, willow cocoon balls are made to decorate altars of the deity Kamakura Daimyojin.
Those cocoon balls are fashioned from rice cakes attached to willow twigs. Other traditional ceremonies are held during this festival such as bamboo pole battles between opposing teams as well as "bonfire battles" featuring blazing long bamboo poles.
Narayama Kamakura Festival
Much smaller in scale than the previous two festivals, the Narayama Kamakura Festival is held every February 12–15
in Narayama Otamachi, an area that is now part of central Akita City. Originally this festival was held during the first
full moon of the ancient lunar calendar, but now it falls regularly on the same date of the solar Gregorian calendar.
A makeshift Shinto shrine of snow with bamboo and straw roofing is erected for this festival each year and both Suijin
and Kamakura Daimyojin are honored inside that shrine. At one time only males were allowed inside the shrine,
but now those gender restrictions have been lifted. Empty rice bales are stacked inside the shrine of snow.
Towards the end of the festival, one of those bales is lit during a special ceremony.
Because a fire broke out during this festival in 1910, the ceremony was banned for sixty years.
However, in 1975 the local neighborhood association revived this event, which now attracts many local residents and even some visitors from afar.
Other locations
Other kamakura festivals are held in places such as
Yunishigawa Onsen in northern Tochigi prefecture,
Shinhodaka Onsen in a mountainous part of Gifu prefecture, and Kakunodate in Akita prefecture. Kamakura festivals also exist at Lake Shikaribetsu Kohan Onsen in central Hokkaido,
Hirosaki Castle in Aomori Prefecture, and a number of other places in Japan with cold winters.
References
Japanese culture
Winter festivals in Japan
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The 1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike was a labor strike that involved over 1,000 workers at two food processing facilities in Watsonville, California, United States. The facilities were owned by Watsonville Canning and Richard A. Shaw Inc., two of the largest frozen food processors in the United States, while the workers were all union members of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) Local 912. The strike began on September 9, 1985, and completely ended about 18 months later, on March 11, 1987.
The city of Watsonville has historically been a center for the food processing industry in California, and by the mid-1900s, it had branded itself as the "frozen food capital of the world", with eight frozen food processing plants in the city. These plants were in an industry-wide labor contract with IBT Local 912, who represented several thousand employees in the city. By the 1980s, due to an increase in immigration from Mexico, a large number of these food processing workers were Latinos. Around that same time, changes in the food processing industry caused the Watsonville plants to become less profitable, and in 1982, Watsonville Canning (the single-largest frozen food processor in the United States) negotiated an hourly wage decrease for their union employees from $7.06 to $6.66. In 1985, their labor contract had expired, and Watsonville Canning began pushing for further wage and employee benefits reductions. Richard A. Shaw Inc., another major food processing company in the city, similarly began requesting wage and benefits reductions, which were opposed by the local union. On September 9, union members from both companies began a strike, with picketing commencing shortly thereafter.
The strike received significant support from the local Latino community, with support coming from Chicano and Hispanic organizations such as the League of United Latin American Citizens and the Mexican American Political Association. Additionally, civil rights leaders Cesar Chavez and Jesse Jackson were supportive of the strikers, viewing the labor dispute as part of a larger struggle for civil rights for Latinos in the United States. Additional support came from organized labor activists in both northern California and nationwide, and the strike was characterized by its militancy and rank-and-file leadership. The strikers elected their own Strike Committee that managed the overall daily operations of the strike, and the Teamsters for a Democratic Union also contributed to organizing the strike. On February 14, 1986, Shaw and Local 912 agreed to an hourly wage of $5.85, which soon became the industry standard. However, the strike continued against Watsonville Canning through 1986. In August, the company tried to decertify the union in an election, but failed, and subsequently the company (which had taken on a large debt during this time) declared bankruptcy, with the plant being sold. A tentative contract was reached with the new owners in March 1987 that set wages to the industry standard but contained cuts to medical benefits. While the IBT declared the strike over, several workers continued the dispute as a wildcat strike that lasted for about a week before the company agreed to include medical benefits, with the strike finally coming to an end on March 11.
Labor historians note the significance of the strike as one of the few successful strikes in the United States during the 1980s, compared to other strikes of the time such as the Arizona copper mine strike of 1983 and the 1985–1986 Hormel strike, with the Northwest Labor Press calling it "a rare union victory during an era of union-busting". In Watsonville, the strike coincided with increased political activity from the Latino community. Oscar Rios, a union organizer during the strike, was elected the city's first Latino mayor several years later, stating, "The strikers helped change the politics in our city and county". However, in the years following the strike, most of the major food processors relocated from the city, with only one frozen food plant left in the city by 2000.
Background
Food processing industry in Watsonville
Watsonville is a city located about south of San Francisco, in the Monterey Bay area. Founded in the mid-1800s by Americans from the east coast and European immigrants, the city had become a major food processing center by the early 1900s. Due largely to its location near the agriculturally productive Pajaro Valley and Salinas Valley regions (which by the 1960s were responsible for about 80 percent of vegetable production in the United States), Watsonville was a major canning location for vegetables grown in the area, such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower. By the 1950s, food processors in the city began freezing this food instead of canning, and soon the city was home to eight frozen food plants, earning it the nickname of the "frozen food capital of the world". By 1986, the city, with a population of about 27,000, was processing about 40 percent of the frozen broccoli, Brussels sprouts, green peppers, and spinach produced in the United States.
By the mid-1980s, the city's industry was dominated by two firms in particular: the Watsonville Canning Company and Richard A. Shaw Inc. Together, these two companies accounted for about 80 percent of Watsonville's frozen food output. These two firms were also the largest frozen food processors in the United States. Watsonville Canning, the larger of the two, was the largest frozen food processing company in the United States. It employed about 5,000 people and processed roughly half of the United States's supply of frozen vegetables. The company, which by the 1980s was owned by Watsonville native Mort Console, produced frozen vegetables for Birds Eye and private supermarket brands.
Latinos in the area
In 1900, Watsonville had a population of 3,528, of which only 118 were from Mexico. Many of the food processing workers in Watsonville were Portuguese or Slavic. However, as the agricultural industry in the region grew through the 1900s, more Mexican immigrants came to the area to find work through the Bracero program. Starting in the 1960s, the industry began recruiting female workers, primarily Mexican immigrants from South Texas, to work in the Pajaro Valley. Watsonville's food processing industry provided many of these immigrants with more stable employment than that of farmworkers, and the city became a center of a growing Latino population. Through the 1980s and 1990s, the city grew at an annual rate of about 38 percent, due in large part to Latino immigration, and many during this time were able to rise into the middle class. By the 1980s, Latinos made up a majority of the city's population, making it the first California city north of Fresno to hold that distinction. Among frozen food workers in the city, nine out of ten were Latino.
However, despite the change in demographics, white Americans still held most of the economic and political power in the city. Discrimination against Latinos was common in Watsonville, with housing discrimination being a major issue. In 1969, some Latino students at Watsonville High School held a walkout and boycott of classes, demanding that more Latino teachers and employees be hired by the school. By 1985, the mayor, fire chief and police chief were all white, and only one member of the city council was Latino. Additionally, Watsonville Canning was white-owned. Regarding the economic disparities between Latinos and white Americans, scholar Erik Davis once referred to Watsonville as "a poor town with a large, struggling migrant population".
Union activity
Through the 1930s and 1940s, labor unions began a concerted effort to unionize food processing workers in the southwestern United States. These efforts primarily targeted Latina workers and involved high-ranking Latina labor leaders, such as Luisa Moreno, Manuela Solis Sager, and Emma Tenayuca. Militant unions such as the Cannery and Agricultural Workers' Industrial Union (CAWIU), the United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America (UCAPAWA), and the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural, and Allied Workers (FTA), were largely responsible for these early efforts and led to large-scale strike actions such as the 1938 San Antonio pecan shellers strike. Both the UCAPAWA and the FTA were affiliate unions of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), which had been founded in the 1930s as an alternative to the more conservative American Federation of Labor (AFL). In the mid-1940s, the AFL-affiliated International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) began to also organize workers in California, often in direct competition to union efforts from the FTA. The IBT's organization efforts were aided by the California Processors and Growers (CPG), an employers' organization representing agricultural businesses in the state, who supported the comparatively conservative IBT over the FTA. In 1950, following the passage of the Taft–Hartley Act, the FTA was expelled from the CIO, leading to the IBT becoming the dominant union in the industry. The IBT worked closely with business interests to create "sweetheart" contracts that were generally favorable to the companies, and in 1949, Edward T. Console, owner of Watsonville Canning, signed the first labor contract between a Watsonville food processing company and the IBT, setting a wage pattern for the city's industry as a whole. Under these industry-wide agreements, the Watsonville canneries would pay the same wages and offer the same benefits. Due in large part to these favorable contracts and conservativeness of the IBT, the food processing industry in California would not see a major industrial dispute for the next three decades.
Local 912
In 1952, with assistance from the owners of Watsonville Canning, IBT Local 912 was organized in Watsonville to represent cannery workers in the city, and by 1986, they represented almost all of the roughly 4,000 food processing workers in Watsonville. By the mid-1990s, roughly one out of every four Watsonville residents were members of Local 912. This local union was closely aligned with the local business interests, leading to some researchers calling it a "company union" that "was controlled by a corrupt leadership". According to activist Frank Bardacke, "the bosses allowed the union officials a good deal of personal power, as long as they refrained from challenging the employer's prerogatives in production or encouraging workers to organize themselves". Some of the union leaders would socialize and play poker with cannery officials, and Richard King, who served as the secretary-treasurer for several years before becoming the local's president in 1967, was the father-in-law of a business partner at Richard A. Shaw. As the head of the local, he was generally uninvolved in union activities, rarely attending union meetings, and some rank and file union members were critical of his accommodationist approach to labor-management relations.
In 1985, about 70 percent of Local 912's membership was Latino, and more Latinos voted in Teamsters elections than they did in municipal elections. However, the local was dominated by white Americans who were largely disconnected from these members' concerns. Union meetings were held only in English and, until the mid-1980s, only one person on the local's leadership, a business agent who had been appointed by the local in 1968, spoke Spanish. Additionally, while women made up the majority of Local 912 membership, they were not represented on the local leadership, and few attended union meetings due to a lack of child care coverage from the local and the bureaucratic and parliamentarian nature of the meetings. Despite these issues, the local had managed to negotiate some of the highest wages for food processing workers in the country, with a base hourly pay up to $7.05 for most workers and up to $12 for machine operators, plus employee benefits.
Changes in the industry in the 1980s
In 1973, Local 912 membership peaked at about 7,000 members, with peak season employment in the Watsonville canneries reaching about 10,000. During this time, California held what an article in The New York Times called a "virtual monopoly" on the processing of certain vegetables. However, the mid-197s through the 1980s saw a continuous decline in both employment and union membership. This was due primarily to increased competition in the food processing industry from firms outside of Watsonville. Primarily, imports from Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Mexico, were entering the United States market, and food processing operations in right-to-work states such as Texas had seen a noted growth. This growth was primarily due to lower labor costs, as in the mid-1980s, the average Texas food processing worker had an hourly wage of $3.36, while in Mexico and some Central American countries like Guatemala, workers earned only a few dollars per day. According to the United States Department of Commerce, between 1983 and 1984, foreign imports of broccoli and cauliflower increased from to and to , respectively. In addition to increased competition, the time period saw a change in consumer preferences away from frozen or canned foods and towards more fresh food options. Between 1975 and 1983, over a dozen major canneries in California closed, leading to roughly 15,000 lost jobs, with only about 19,000 workers remaining in California canneries. According to academic Patricia Zavella, in the years leading up to 1985, "the global restructuring of agriculture ... prompted local farmers and processors to expand acreage in Mexico, grow new crops locally for the fresh market, and downsize food processing in Watsonville".
Wage decreases at Watsonville Canning
Food processing companies in Watsonville responded to these changing market trends by renegotiating labor contracts with Local 912. In 1982, Watsonville Canning negotiated an agreement with Local 912 wherein they would reduce their hourly wages from the industry standard of $7.06 to $6.66. The company argued that the pay cut was necessary due to a decline in business, claiming that the company was near bankruptcy and the cuts would allow the company to remain profitable. Additionally, the company agreed to restore the wages if business improved. The cuts gave Watsonville Canning a competitive edge over the other food processing plants in Watsonville, with the company seeing a five percent increase in business during 1985. Soon after these changes were implemented at Watsonville Canning, other food processors began requesting similar wage decreases from the union.
Contract negotiations
In early 1985, the union and Watsonville Canning entered into negotiations for a new labor contract, with the existing contract, including the wage reduction agreement, set to expire that June. The company proposed a two-tier wage system that would see existing employees maintain their $6.66 hourly pay, while new hires would start at a base pay of $4.25. However, the union members voted to reject this proposal in August and instead requested that wages be restored to the original $7.06 rate. With the contract expired by this point, Watsonville Canning implemented this proposal as negotiations continued. Throughout negotiations, the company submitted 22 different offers, all of which containing rollbacks that would decrease wages and benefits. During negotiations, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service became involved, and by September, the company implemented a base hourly pay for existing employees of $4.75, with new hires earning $4.25. Additionally, the company took away 54 employee benefit items, including a reduction in healthcare, vacation benefits, and an end to union dues automatically being pulled from employees' paychecks. In addition, Watsonville Canning instituted an increase in production quotas for broccoli processing, which was in violation of an agreement the company had with the union. The changes resulted in an increase in work accidents, as well as the firing of about 25 employees, many of whom had worked for the company for several years, for failing to meet these new standards. As part of these speedup policies, workers on the line were forbidden from using the restroom outside of their scheduled breaks. The changes were ill-received by the union members at large, with one calling it "a terrorist attack" on the workers. In defending the policy changes, Smiley Verduzco, an executive at Watsonville Canning, stated that there had been work slowdowns prior to the changes.
Around the same time, Shaw also left the industry-wide agreement and began pushing for terms similar to what Watsonville Canning had. Shaw proposed a base hourly pay reduction from $7.06 to $6.66, with new hires earning $4.43 per hour. Additionally, the company was pushing for 25 takeaways in employee benefits. As it became apparent that an agreement between Local 912 and both Watsonville Canning and Shaw was unlikely to be reached, the companies began preparing for possible strike action. Watsonville Canning began to stockpile its product during mid-1985, and additionally secured $18 million in credit from Wells Fargo. In an article for the Los Angeles Times, union officials stated that the speedups and policy changes made during mid-1985 were intended to force a strike in sentiments that were echoed by Charles Craypo, head of the economics department at the University of Notre Dame, who said, "Companies today are taking the offensive, doing things to weaken unions and sometimes forcing them into strikes that they can’t win". Don McIntosh, editor of the Northwest Labor Press, stated that the company had recently hired an anti-union law firm and, on their advice, were attempting to provoke a strike, hire permanent replacements, and decertify the union in a government-administered decertification election that would involve voting from those permanent replacements. Speaking about the policy changes and wage reductions, King said, "The companies are trying to break the union here and send us back into the 1950's".
In comparison to Watsonville Canning, Local 912 was unprepared for a strike. Leaders within the local were generally opposed to a strike, and the local lacked a strike fund. However, on Friday, September 6, at a meeting of 200 union members at the union hall, the union decided that a strike would commence. By this point, the workers had been without a contract for three months. While some workers had considered a walkout in early 1985, this decision was postponed until peak season in order to most affect the companies. The following day, an informal group was organized amongst the union members to create a rudimentary plan for the strike, and Watsonville Canning and Richard A. Shaw were served strike notices that day. On September 8, some members met at the union hall to create picket signs. The strike would be Watsonville's first in 37 years. The strike would target both Watsonville Canning and Richard A. Shaw, affecting over 1,000 workers. Of these workers, about 85 percent were Latina, many single mothers. According to academic Margie Brown-Coronel, the strike was not only to oppose the company's wage decreases and benefits reductions, but "also ... to protest lack of leadership and support required of the Teamsters Union". The strike was somewhat unique in that rank and file members initiated the action, which was then supported by the international union. Meanwhile, other food processors in the area agreed to extend their $7.06 agreements with the union for another year in order to see the outcome of the labor dispute.
Course of the strike
Early activities during the strike
The food processing workers began their strike on September 9, 1985. At 5 a.m. that Monday, union members met at the union hall and were given picket signs and sent to the gates of the two frozen food plants. At Watsonville Canning, the strikers formed a picket line that stretched for eight city blocks, while at Shaw, the line was a third of a mile long. Many of the picket signs were written in both English and Spanish, and many of the strikers brought their children with them. In response to the picketing, the district attorney and Console, who stated that he "feared for [his] personal safety", requested Santa Cruz County Superior Court Judge William Kelsay to issue a temporary restraining order against the strikers, which he granted at 8 p.m. that day, within 15 hours of the start of the strike. As part of the restraining order, there could be no more than four pickets within of each of Watsonville Canning's eight gates, pickets could not be within of each other, and only people going to work at the plant could congregate within of the plant. The restraining order significantly hampered the effectiveness of the strike, with each plant limited to only 60 pickets.
Soon after the strike began, the Watsonville City Council increased funding for their police department, with many in the department working twelve-hour shifts to ensure that at least twelve officers were at the scene of the picketing at all times. By 1 a.m. on September 10, the police had cleared the area around Watsonville Canning, and they issued their first citation against a striker after someone struck a delivery truck with a picket sign. By October, the police had arrested several strikers for violations of the restraining order. In an effort to further reduce the size of the picketing, Watsonville Canning replaced several of their gates with chain-link fencing, which decreased the number of pickets legally allowed around the property. Additionally, the company did not allow strikers to come into the plant to pick up their last paycheck, instead mailing it to them. On September 20, about 17 students from Watsonville High School were arrested after joining with picketers near the plant, and in the immediate aftermath, police in riot gear dispersed the crowd that had gathered to protest the arrests. Around the same time, Judge Kelsay upgraded the restraining order to an injunction.
Community support for the strike
To make up for the lost wages, strikers received a weekly strike pay of $55. Strikers continued to pay union dues for the duration of the strike (which was equal to about twice what the workers earned in an hour of work), and the pay was a significant decrease from the $250 that most workers received in weekly pay. In addition to the lost income, strikers also lost employee benefits, and few received government assistance such as food stamps and other forms of welfare. Extended families and local food banks helped support many workers for the duration of the strike, and the strike received significant support from the local Mexican-American community. In several cases, strikers received extended credit from local grocers, and some had their rent payments delayed. Some supporters saw the strike as an "Anglo assault" on the Latino community, highlighted by the white power structure in the majority-Latino city. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Mike Herald, the head of a group of several community churches that provided charitable services to the strikers, expressed this opinion, saying, "The city’s white power structure has lined up on one side and the strikers on the other". Within the first few weeks, two support groups were formed to assist the strike, and the strikers began receiving donations from various Chicano groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens and the Mexican American Political Association. Activists from nearby universities, such as Stanford University and the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), also participated in supporting the strike.
Teamsters for a Democratic Union
One of the groups involved in the strike were the Detroit-based Teamsters for a Democratic Union (TDU), a group within the IBT that had been formed in the 1970s with the intent to challenge the conservative old guard and push for more militant union with more of an emphasis on rank-and-file leadership. The TDU had become involved in Local 912 activities in the early 1980s when it campaigned for union meetings to be held in both English and Spanish Some TDU members in Local 912 were active in pushing for a strike in mid-1985, and at the start of the strike, the TDU chapter in Watsonville attempted to fill the power vacuum in the strike leadership. The TDU also pushed for weekly strike meetings and attempted to raise the weekly strike pay from $55 to $100.
Strikebreakers and instances of violence
In order to continue operations during the strike, the two companies began hiring strikebreakers shortly after the strike began. These workers were paid slightly over $5 per hour, with no employee benefits or guaranteed job security. For roughly the first two months of the strike, the plants operated with about 80 to 100 strikebreakers, whereas before the strike these plants operated with between 1,000 and 2,000 employees. As a result, the plants operated at a reduced production level. Through the strike, there was a high turnover rate among the replacement workers, with many working only a few weeks before quitting. However, by September 1986, Watsonville Canning had about 900 replacement workers in their employment.
Police accompanied the strikebreakers to and from the plants, as picketers would often intimidate them, sometimes spitting in their direction and yelling that they were "esquiroles" (the Spanish word for "scab"). Some violent outbreaks occurred in the first few months of the strike, including attacks on strikebreakers. Some of the strikebreakers' cars were vandalized, and strikebreakers used sand-filled socks to bust out the windows on the buses that carried the strikebreakers to and from the plants. Additionally, one striker was arrested for attempting to throw a Molotov cocktail at one of these buses. During the strike, three cars that were owned by company executives were destroyed, and instances of arson increased during that time. Several homes were firebombed, and two fires at properties owned by Watsonville Canning resulted in about $1 million in damages. In total, four instances of arson resulted in damages of about $2 million. Despite this, no major injuries were reported from strike-related activities.
Late 1985
On October 6, the Watsonville TDU helped to organize a "Solidarity Day" rally in Watsonville that included a march to the Watsonville Canning plant, with about 3,000 supporters participating. Several days later, on October 15, about 400 strikers met to elect their own Strike Committee that would function independently of either the IBT or the TDU. Regarding the creation of this group, Gloria Betancourt, one of the rank-and-file union members who was elected to the committee, said, "We didn't trust the union officials anymore. We felt as workers we had to form our own Strike Committee". This strike committee, composed of workers from both plants, handled the day-to-day operations of the strike, which included, among other things, 24-hour picketing and food distribution. The same month that the strike committee was formed, Watsonville Canning presented their final proposal to Local 912. The company offered a base hourly pay of $5.05, as well as a preference for the replacement workers over the striking workers. On October 28, 1985, union members voted 800–1 to reject this offer. On November 3, the strike committee called for another rally, which was again attended by about 3,000 supporters. The following month, Local 912 held officer elections in which the more moderate incumbent members of the union were challenged by more militant candidates, including Betancourt, who was the first Mexican women to run for president in the local's history. While several members of this slate were elected, Betancourt lost her bid. King, meanwhile, was not reelected as an officer of the union. This trend of more militant union members winning Local 912 elections continued in next December's elections, though again Betancourt lost her bid for president.
Shaw settles with strikers
In February 1986, after several months on strike, the workers from Richard A. Shaw settled with that company, ending their strike on February 14. As part of the agreement, the workers accepted an hourly pay rate of $5.85, which, while higher than the $5.05 Shaw had proposed prior to the strike, was still significantly lower than the previous industry standard. The agreement affected about 900 union employees of Shaw, who ultimately took a 17 percent pay cut. Additionally, the contract contained language that would allow the company and union to renegotiate wages if Watsonville Canning settled with their employees for a lower rate. According to Chavelo Moreno, a member of the Strike Committee, the agreement set a wage ceiling for industry, which made it more difficult for the Watsonville Canning employees to negotiate a higher rate. In July 1986, union employees at another Watsonville plant accepted a pay rate of $5.85 per hour, cementing that as the new industry standard. However, the language of this master agreement that the IBT had with the industry included a "me-too" clause that would not allow Watsonville Canning to undercut this rate. According to Local 912 President Leon Ellis, the local had agreed to the $1.21 pay cut after Shaw disclosed their financial information to the union that proved that the company was losing money. The local had also requested that Watsonville Canning disclose their private financial information as part of contract negotiations, but Verduzco stated that the company would only do so if the union paid a $500,000 fine. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, he said, "I don’t trust those hoodlums; they want to run this company out of business. We are a privately held corporation. Our financial statements are our financial statements; they don’t belong to the people".
Early 1986
On International Women's Day (March 8), another rally was held that drew about 4,000 supporters. Political activist Jesse Jackson gave a speech at this event, and labor activist groups from the San Francisco Bay Area were well-represented. In a further show of solidarity among labor unions, on April 12, a representative of Local 912 spoke at a union rally in Austin, Minnesota, which was the site of the then-ongoing 1985–1986 Hormel strike, about the similarities between the two strikes. In addition to the Hormel strikers, Local 912 also tried to forge connections with other striking workers across the United States, including flight attendants who were on strike against Trans World Airlines. The Local 912 strikers held a joint rally with the flight attendants in San Jose, California, which was followed by a rally in Watsonville. Regarding the relationship-building with other striking workers, Betancourt stated, "we learned from them, what they did, what worked and didn't". On June 29, the Strike Committee held another large rally in Watsonville that drew over 4,000 attendees, with a significant number of supporters from northern California, including members of Chicano organizations, labor activists, and members of the United Farm Workers (UFW). Jackson, who by this time was seeking the presidency of the United States in the 1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries, again addressed the crowd, where he drew comparisons between the strike and the Selma to Montgomery marches during the civil rights movement. While the IBT had been reluctant to allow Jackson to speak, the Strike Committee was in full support. Jackson was one of the most vocal national advocates for the strikers, and members of his National Rainbow Coalition participated in picketing and other forms of support for the strike. In 1988, Betancourt served as a delegate for Jackson at the 1988 Democratic National Convention.
Local 912 targets Wells Fargo and company moves to decertify
Around mid-1986, Local 912 began to focus its attention on Wells Fargo for its role as a major financial backer of Watsonville Canning. This idea to put pressure on Wells Fargo had initially been proposed in November 1985 by UFW president and civil rights activist Cesar Chavez. In May 1986, the IBT voted to pressure Wells Fargo, allowing Local 912 to campaign for northern California labor unions and groups to withdraw their funds from Wells Fargo if the strike did not end on terms favorable to the union. Despite this vote, the international union did little in active campaigning against Wells Fargo, and that same month, the IBT voted to "undertake economic sanctions" against Watsonville Canning but stopped short of calling for a full boycott of Watsonville Canning products. In July 1986, Chavez met with strikers in Watsonville and pushed for a boycott against Wells Fargo. The Strike Committee's decision to meet with Chavez was against the wishes of the IBT, who were opposed to the UFW and had competed directly against that union in organizing farm workers in the 1970s.
By this time, many of the strikers had taken on other jobs to support themselves, and some left Watsonville altogether. In August 1986, Console filed a petition with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to decertify Local 912. A vote was scheduled that would include both striking union members and non-striking workers to decide whether Local 912 would continue to represent the workforce at Watsonville Canning. Local 912 began gathering union members, including those who had moved as far away as Texas and Mexico, to return to Watsonville to vote against decertification. Console, meanwhile, hired additional strikebreakers, sometimes doubling the number of workers on a line and hiring many for four-hour shifts in order to bolster the non-union vote. In a narrow election, the union members won out over the non-union employees, with the decertification effort failing in a 914–848.
Console goes into default, sells Watsonville Canning
Following the failed decertification vote, Console's financial situation deteriorated, and Watsonville Canning closed for 11 days before reopening with funding from a new $930,000 loan from Wells Fargo. By this point, Console was in excess of $30 million in debt. After this loan was approved, the Strike Committee began to push for the IBT to withdraw all their assets from Wells Fargo and began pushing for other IBT members to cancel their Wells Fargo accounts. However, while the IBT was unwilling to do this, the Chicano activist group MEChA began their own boycott of Wells Fargo, and in January 1987, eight Wells Fargo branches in northern California were targeted in a series of rallies, including one in the San Francisco Financial District. By September, the Los Angeles Times reported that the local had been waging a "corporate campaign" against Watsonville Canning's creditors for the past three months. That same month, the California Department of Food and Agriculture announced that they were opening an investigation into Watsonville Canning. By this point, Wells Fargo had loaned the company $23 million, and Watsonville Canning owed the bank $18 million, in addition to $7 million it owed to its growers. In December 1986, saddled with this debt, Console closed the plant down for one month. Two months later, Wells Fargo declared that Console was in default on his loans. At this point, in order to avoid bankruptcy, Console was forced to sell the plant.
In the aftermath of this, Wells Fargo sold the company, and new ownership of the plant was established in February 1987. The owner of this new company, named Norcal Frozen Foods, was a grower who was owed $5 million from Watsonville Canning, and 18 other growers who were owed money from Watsonville Canning were also part of this company. On February 28, 400 strikers elected a new negotiating committee to reach a deal with these new owners, and on Friday, March 6, a tentative agreement had been reached that would see an end to the strike. The deal would set hourly wages at $5.85, the industry standard, and was approved by both the negotiating committee and union leadership. However, many union members were opposed to the agreement because it would deny many of them medical benefits that they had had before the strike. Ultimately, the union members voted to wait one week before voting on whether or not to approve the contract. However, with the tentative agreement, the IBT announced that the strike was over, and as a result, they ended strike benefits, locked members who continued to strike out of the union hall, and stated that the union may go into trusteeship if strike activities did not cease. Without IBT approval, the members of Local 912 continued their labor dispute as a wildcat strike.
Hunger strike, religious pilgrimage, and end of the strike
In defiance of the IBT, six women, including Betancourt, initiated a hunger strike to protest the lack of medical benefits. The next day, the new plant owners stated that seniority rights would be revoked for any employees not reporting to work that Monday, March 9. On March 9, several hundred strikers protested outside the plant, demanding a reinstatement of medical benefits. Only a few dozen actually reported for work that day, effectively keeping the plant out of operation. The next day, the protesters outside of the plant began a religious procession, with more than 20 women and several men walking on their knees for four city blocks. The procession, which ended at St. Patrick's Catholic Church over from the plant, included prayers to Our Lady of Guadalupe and the leader of the procession chanting, "“As long as God is in Heaven, I will never give up". A special mass was held, with the local priest urging the strikers to continue the protest until their medical benefits were part of the contract. The pilgrimage was a tactic that had been used by UFW members during a strike about 15 years earlier. Later that night, contract negotiations between Local 912 and the company resumed.
On March 11, a new contract that preserved the workers' medical benefits was ratified, passing in a vote of 543–21. In addition to the medical benefits, the three-year contract workers maintained their seniority rights and received strike amnesty. With regards to pay, the workers accepted the new industry standard of $5.85, although an incentive pay plan could raise their hourly wages up to $6.61. Additionally, the contract allowed for negotiations on economic terms to start again in February 1988 and 1989. In celebration of the end of the strike, union members held a parade down Watsonville's Main Street. However, due to the wage reduction, many of the strikers viewed the outcome less as an outright victory and more as a compromise. According to Betancourt, "It was not what we wanted, but it was still a victory".
Aftermath and legacy
Impact in Watsonville
In total, the IBT spent roughly $5 million in strike benefits over the course of the strike. According to municipal officials, the strike cost the city government about $1 million in police overtime and lost sales. A 1986 article from the Los Angeles Times stated that the strike had "devastated" Watsonville, highlighting the increased rates of violence and the impact on the local economy. That same article states that Watsonville had seen an uptick in domestic violence cases and rates of alcoholism, as well as an increase in prostitution. With a reduced income, many of the strikers saw their savings decline significantly, and some permanently relocated from Watsonville.
After the strike, the plant reopened with a skeleton crew composed of former strikers brought back on a seniority basis. While the owners of the plant provided their own produce for processing, other growers who had previously operated with Watsonville Canning had made deals with other plants during the strike, decreasing the overall output of the plant. Norcal Frozen Foods ultimately went out of business, and several hundred jobs were lost. In the years following the strike, more food processing plants in the city closed, with many of the companies relocating their operations to Mexico. In 1991, Green Giant relocated their facilities from Watsonville to Mexico, and more companies moved during the 1990s after the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Within ten years of the strike, five of the city's eight frozen food plants had relocated, and by 2000, the former "frozen food capital of the world" was home to only one frozen food plant that employed about 400 people. As a result of the plant closures, the unemployment rate in Watsonville remained high compared to the rest of the state.
Political developments in Watsonville
The strike coincided with a federal court case, Gomez v. City of Watsonville, that dealt with the lack of Latino representation in Watsonville city politics. The court's decision led to an electoral district system that could better represent the ethnic demographics of the city, and in the following years, several Latinos were elected to city council and other government positions. In 1991, three Latinos were elected to the city council, and Oscar Rios, a union organizer from San Francisco who had moved to Watsonville during the strike, was later elected the city's first Latino mayor. Discussing the link between the strike and the shifting politics, Rios stated, "The strikers helped change the politics in our city and county". In 2017, some of the individuals who had been involved in the strike gathered at the Watsonville Public Library to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the strike.
Later analysis and legacy
The strike is noted for being one of the largest and most important in the United States during the 1980s. Academic Erik Davis called the strike "one of the most important labor campaigns of the 1980s", while activist Kim Moody called the event "one of the most important strikes against concessions" during that time. Moody also listed the strike as one of the decade's largest, occurring during a time when strikes were becoming more uncommon, but the length of strikes was increasing. Labor historian Jeremy Brecher stated that the strike was one of the "most important" strikes of the time, alongside the Hormel strike and the Pittston Coal strike. However, unlike many of the other long labor strikes that occurred during this time, the Watsonville strike was one of the only successful ones, with an article in the Northwest Labor Press calling it "a rare union victory during an era of union-busting". Political activist Sharon Smith noted it as one of the few exceptions to the trend of strike failures, and several sources noted that the solidarity of the strikers was crucial to the strike's victory. As multiple sources have noted, none of the strikers crossed the picket line for the duration of the strike. The strike is also seen as an important moment in the history of Latino relations in the United States. A 1996 book co-written by economist Teresa Amott called the strike "one of the most important recent episodes in Chicana labor history", and it is seen as one of the major strikes in the American southwest that was led by Chicanos, alongside the Arizona copper mine strike of 1983 and the 1938 pecan shellers' strike in San Antonio. Speaking further of the relation between this strike and older strikes, labor historian Myrna Cherkoss Donahoe compared the militant nature of the rank-and-file Watsonville strikers to those of the CIO strikes of the 1930s.
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
1985 in California
1986 in California
1987 in California
1985 labor disputes and strikes
1986 labor disputes and strikes
1987 labor disputes and strikes
Agriculture and forestry labor disputes in the United States
Cesar Chavez
Chicano
Economic history of California
Food processing industry in the United States
Hispanic and Latino American history
History of Santa Cruz County, California
Hunger strikes
Labor disputes in California
Mexican-American history
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Nassim Othmane Zoukit (born 30 April 2001) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender for Swiss Super League club Lausanne-Sport.
Personal life
Born in Switzerland, Zoukit is of Moroccan descent. He holds both Moroccan and Swiss nationality.
References
2001 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Moroccan footballers
Swiss people of Moroccan descent
Citizens of Morocco through descent
Association football defenders
CD Lugo players
Girona FC players
Étoile Carouge FC players
FC Lausanne-Sport players
Swiss Promotion League players
Swiss Super League players
Swiss expatriate footballers
Moroccan expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Swiss expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Spain | [
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The Conference Carolinas Women's Basketball Tournament is the annual conference women's basketball championship tournament for Conference Carolinas.
The tournament has been held annually since 1996. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records.
The winner receives Conference Carolina'a automatic bid to the NCAA Women's Division II Basketball Championship.
Results
Championship records
Former CC members are highlighted in pink.
Chowan, Converse, Erksine, Francis Marion, North Greenville, Southern Wesleyan, and UNC Pembroke have yet to reach the tournament final.
Coker and St. Andrews never reached the tournament finals before departing the conference.
See also
Conference Carolinas Men's Basketball Tournament
References
NCAA Division II women's basketball conference tournaments
Tournament
Recurring sporting events established in 1996 | [
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The John W. Bricker Federal Building is a federal office building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The structure was designed in the Brutalist architecture style and was built in 1977 to house federal offices. It has seven stories, and is part of a facility, including an eight-story parking garage.
The building is named for John W. Bricker, an Ohio governor and U.S. senator who lived in Columbus.
Attributes
The John W. Bricker Federal Building has offices for U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown as well as for the Internal Revenue Service, the Social Security Administration, and the Departments of Housing & Urban Development and Agriculture. It also has a USPS post office and a cafeteria.
The building's exterior features Correlation: Two White Line Diagonals and Two Arcs with a Sixteen-Foot Radius, a work by Robert Mangold, made of porcelain-enamel and steel.
History
The building was completed in 1977. Following the completion, the former federal office (the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse) was vacated.
In the 1980s, U.S. Senator John Glenn and Representatives John Kasich and Chalmers P. Wylie had their offices in the building, along with branch offices of the IRS and Social Security Administration.
In 1988, a bill passed naming the building for John W. Bricker, an Ohio governor and U.S. senator from Columbus. A similar bill passed the U.S. House in 1986 but failed to pass the Senate.
In 2011, the USPS considered closing its small post office in the building, as part of a nationwide closure for small post offices.
References
External links
USPS website
John W. Bricker Federal Building at Emporis
1977 in Ohio
Brutalist architecture in Ohio
Buildings in downtown Columbus, Ohio
Federal buildings in the United States
Government buildings completed in 1977
Government buildings in Columbus, Ohio
Post office buildings in Ohio | [
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The 1978–79 Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball represented Rutgers University as a member of the Eastern Athletic Association during the 1978–79 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Tom Young, then in his sixth season with the Scarlet Knights. The team played its home games in Louis Brown Athletic Center in Piscataway, New Jersey. The Scarlet Knights won the EAA Tournament to reach the NCAA Tournament, where they defeated Georgetown in the second round to reach the Sweet Sixteen. Rutgers would lose to St. John's – a team they beat twice during the regular season – in the East Regional Semifinal to finish with a record of 22–9 (7–3 EAA).
Roster
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| EAA Tournament
|-
!colspan=9 style=| NCAA Tournament
Rankings
Team players drafted into the NBA
References
Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball seasons
Rutgers
Rutgers
1978 in sports in New Jersey
1979 in sports in New Jersey | [
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The All Japan Federation of Automobile Transport Workers' Unions (, Jikosoren) is a trade union representing transport workers in Japan.
The union was established in 1978, and by 1980 it had 32,369 members. In 1989, it affiliated to the new National Confederation of Trade Unions, and by 1990, its membership had grown to 37,465. However, by 2019, it had only 12,068 members.
References
External links
Trade unions established in 1978
Trade unions in Japan
Transportation trade unions | [
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Leroy Jenkins Live! is a live album by violinist / composer Leroy Jenkins. It was recorded in March 1992 at P.S. 122 in New York City, and was released by Black Saint in 1993. On the album, Jenkins is joined by guitarist Brandon Ross, synthesizer player Eric Johnson, bassist Hill Greene, and drummer Reggie Nicholson. The album is subtitled "featuring Computer Minds."
Reception
The authors of the Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings awarded the album 3.5 stars, stating: "The live session completely merits the exclamation mark. It's a fierce, urgent session, recorded in a New York public school, and sounds appropriately in contact with what's going on in the streets."
A review in the MusicHound Jazz Guide commented: "The energy level throughout is taut yet explosive, with special kudos to 'Static in the Attic and 'Computer Minds'."
Track listing
All compositions by Leroy Jenkins.
"Bird, Eddie, And Monk" - 9:42
"A Prayer" - 5:31
"Static In The Attic" - 8:15
"Computer Minds" - 4:44
"Looking For The Blues" - 6:57
"Chicago" - 13:40
"Jehovah Theme" - 3:05
Recorded March 15, 1992 at P.S. 122, New York City.
Personnel
Leroy Jenkins – violin
Brandon Ross – guitar
Eric Johnson – synthesizer
Hill Greene – bass
Reggie Nicholson – drums
References
1993 live albums
Leroy Jenkins (jazz musician) albums
Black Saint/Soul Note live albums | [
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Michael H. Rohl is an American politician serving as a member of the South Dakota Senate from the 1st district. Elected in November 2020, he assumed office on January 12, 2021.
Education
Rohl earned a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Drake University.
Career
Outside of politics, Rohl has worked as a hotel manager. He was elected to the South Dakota Senate in November 2020 and assumed office on January 12, 2021. He is also a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee and Senate State Affairs Committee.
During his tenure in the Senate, Rohl has advocated for marijuana legalization in South Dakota. He is the prime sponsor of Senate Bill 3, which would legalize recreational marijuana and decriminalize its use.
References
Living people
South Dakota state senators
South Dakota Republicans
Drake University alumni | [
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Vilma María Mesa Narváez (born 1963) is a Colombian-American mathematics educator whose research topics have included secondary-school curriculum development, college-level calculus instruction, mathematics in community colleges, international perspectives in mathematics education, and inquiry-based learning. She is a professor of education and mathematics at the University of Michigan, where she is affiliated with the Center for the Study of Higher and Post-secondary Education.
Education and career
Mesa earned bachelor's degrees in computer science and mathematics at the University of Los Andes (Colombia) in 1986 and 1987, respectively, and became a computer programmer for the Colombian government and in industry in Colombia. From 1988 to 1995 she worked as a researcher at the University of Los Andes, working in mathematics education and authoring textbooks on mathematics and statistics for applications including engineering and social sciences.
In 1996 she began graduate study in mathematics education at the University of Georgia. She earned a master's degree there in 1996 and completed her Ph.D. in 2000. Her dissertation, Conceptions of Function Promoted by Seventh- and Eighth-Grade Textbooks from Eighteen Countries, was jointly advised by Jeremy Kilpatrick and Edward Arthur Azoff.
After postdoctoral research at the University of Michigan, she stayed on at the University of Michigan as coordinator for the master's program in curriculum development and as an instructional consultant until, in 2005, being hired as an assistant professor of mathematics education in the School of Education. She was tenured in 2014 and added a joint appointment in the university's mathematics department in 2015.
In 2016, she visited the University of Santiago, Chile as a Fulbright Scholar.
Recognition
Mesa is the 2022 winner of the Louise Hay Award for Contributions to Mathematics Education, "for her distinguished contributions to mathematics education research at the collegiate level, for her teaching and mentorship, and as an advocate for access to mathematics for women and members of underprivileged populations".
References
External links
Home page
1963 births
Living people
21st-century American mathematicians
American women mathematicians
Colombian mathematicians
Colombian women scientists
Mathematics educators
University of Los Andes (Colombia) alumni
University of Georgia alumni
University of Michigan faculty | [
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The 2022 Big 12 Conference Baseball Tournament will be held from May 25 through May 29 at Globe Life Field in Arlington, Texas. The annual tournament determines the conference champion of the Division I Big 12 Conference for college baseball. The winner of the tournament will earn the league's automatic bid to the 2022 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.
The tournament has been held since 1997, the inaugural year of the Big 12 Conference. Among current league members, Texas has won the most championships with five. Among original members, Kansas State has never won the event. Oklahoma State won their third championship in 2019. Iowa State discontinued their program after the 2001 season without having won a title. Having joined in 2013, TCU won titles in 2014, 2016, and 2021, while West Virginia has yet to win the Tournament.
Format and seeding
The top eight finishers from the regular season will be seeded one through eight, and will then play a two-bracket double-elimination tournament leading to a winner-take-all championship game.
Results
References
Big 12 Conference Baseball Tournament
Tournament
Big 12 Conference Baseball Tournament
Baseball in Texas
College sports in Texas
Sports competitions in Texas | [
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Moses Nsereko (died 15 September 1991) was a Ugandan football player, manager, and executive. During his playing career as a midfielder, he played for the Uganda national team at the 1976 and 1978 African Cup of Nations.
Club and managerial career
Nsereko joined Kampala City Council (KCC) as a ball boy in the late 1960s, but regularly featured for the club's second team. It wasn't until 1970 that he was able to wear the "famous" yellow jersey of KCC. By 1971, he was a starter in KCC's team. Initially deployed as right winger by coach Jaberi Bidandi Ssali, Nsereko shifted in his favoured central midfield role with time. As a player at KCC, he helped the club win the Uganda National League in 1976 and 1977, and the CECAFA Club Cup in 1978.
In 1979, Nsereko was named player-coach at KCC following the departure of Bidandi Ssali. As a player-coach and head coach at KCC, Nsereko won the Uganda Super League in 1981, 1983, and 1985, and the Uganda Cup in 1979, 1980, 1982, and 1984. After a disappointing 1986 season, he resigned in 1987.
International career
Nsereko was a youth international before playing for the Uganda national team. He made eight appearances and scored one goal for Uganda at the 1976 and 1978 African Cup of Nations, and was selected in the latter tournament's Team of the Tournament. Nsereko won the CECAFA Cup in 1973, 1976, and 1977; he missed the final penalty in a shoot-out defeat to Tanzania in the 1974 competition.
Executive career
In April 1989, Nsereko was voted General Secretary of the Federation of Uganda Football Associations (FUFA). Under the leadership of President John Semanobe, he worked to create football structures. Thanks to the revamp of youth football development, the Uganda national team won back-to-back CECAFA Cup titles in 1989 and 1990. Nsereko held his position at FUFA until his death in 1991.
Death
On 15 September 1991, Nsereko was brutally murdered outside his home at Wampewo flats in Kololo, Kampala. The unknown gunmen were never brought to justice. Nsereko left behind two widows and over seven children.
Nsereko's death sent shock waves throughout Ugandan football and particularly KCC supporters.
Honours
Kampala City Council
Uganda Super League: 1976, 1977, 1981, 1983, 1985
Uganda Cup: 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984; runner-up: 1983, 1985
CECAFA Club Cup: 1978
Uganda
CECAFA Cup: 1973, 1976, 1977; runner-up: 1974
Individual
African Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 1978
References
Year of birth uncertain
1991 deaths
Ugandan footballers
Association football midfielders
Kampala Capital City Authority FC players
Uganda youth international footballers
Uganda international footballers
Ugandan football managers
Kampala Capital City Authority FC managers
Unsolved murders in Africa | [
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Mangifera torquenda is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the mango family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Name
The specific epithet torquenda (‘which is to be twisted’) refers to the method of opening the fruits by cutting around the outer skin and then twisting them. Local names include lamantan, kemantan and buniton.
Description
The tree grows to 40 m in height with a 10 m bole and a dark green, rounded crown. The oval leaves are smooth, 17–21 cm long by 6–9 cm wide. The inflorescences occur as 25 cm pseudo-terminal panicles of fragrant, white to pale yellow flowers. The fruits are round to ovoid drupes 7.5–10 cm long by 6.5–8.5 cm wide, greenish-yellow when ripe, with brown spots and patches. The flesh is pale yellow and edible. The seed has a smooth white endocarp .
Distribution and habitat
The species occurs in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where it is found in lowland and hill mixed dipterocarp forest up to an elevation of 800 m.
Usage
The species is cultivated around villages in East Kalimantan; elsewhere the fruits are generally collected from forest trees. The sour flesh is used in sambals and in cooking fish, and the juice used in cordials.
References
torquenda
Trees of Sumatra
Trees of Malaya
Trees of Borneo
Fruits originating in Asia
Plants described in 1965
Taxa named by André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans | [
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Palaces is the upcoming third studio album by Australian electronic musician Flume, scheduled for release on 20 May 2022 through Future Classic. It will include collaborations with Oklou, May-a, Quiet Bison, Kučka, Laurel, Virgen María, Emma Louise, Caroline Polachek and Damon Albarn. The album was announced alongside the lead single "Say Nothing" featuring May-a.
Background and recording
After returning to Australia following the end of his world tour in support of Skin (2016) and Hi This Is Flume (2019), Flume moved to a coastal town in the Northern Rivers area of New South Wales, where he says he found "inspiration from the flora and fauna surrounding him". He also made field recordings of birds, which are used throughout the album.
Promotion
Flume announced the album and its track listing on 2 February 2022, also releasing the song "Say Nothing" featuring May-a and its music video the same day. The video contains similar visuals to those Flume uploaded on his NFT website throughout 2021. Flume said the track is about "feelings of post relationship clarity" and was written "midway through 2020 while the pandemic was still pretty new", although it was finished in early 2021.
Track listing
References
2022 albums
Albums produced by Flume (musician)
Flume (musician) albums
Upcoming albums | [
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Brawer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dina Brawer, first Orthodox woman rabbi in the United Kingdom
Mara Brawer (born 1962), Argentine psychologist and politician
Moshe Brawer (1919–2020), Israeli geographer | [
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The Code of Muslim Personal Laws is a legislation in the Philippines covering Muslims in the country which came into effect through Presidential Decree No. 1083 in 1977.
Background
The Code of Muslim Personal Laws otherwise known as Presidential Decree 1083 was enacted by then-President Ferdinand Marcos on February 7, 1977. The decree was enacted upon the advice of the now-defunct Commission on National Integration since Muslims (along with non-Christian indigenous people) would have only been allowed to get married under their customs and traditions until 1980 as originally stipulated in the Civil Code of the Philippines. The law recognized Sharia as part of the larger legal system of the country – although it only deals with Muslim customary and personal laws and exclude criminal law.
Key provisions
Marriage
Islamic marriage
The Code of Muslim Personal Laws covers marriage done under Islamic rites. The same also allows Muslims to avail of divorce contrary to the Family Code of the Philippines which bares most non-Muslim Filipinos from legally ending their marriage. Divorce between a non-Muslim and a Muslim is also recognized such as the divorce case of a Christian woman and a Muslim man who were married under Islamic rites which was upheld in 2016 by the Supreme Court.
Under the Muslim code a husband may seek for a "perpetual divorce" from his wife or invoke li'an to end his marriage if his spouse commits adultery. The wife may seek the termination of her marriage with her husband by invoking faskh if certain conditions are met including if her spouse commits "unusual cruelty", suffers from insanity or affliction of an incurable disease, or for six consecutive months neglects family support for six consecutive months. Talaq divorce may be invoked "may be effected by the husband in a single repudiation of his wife" after totally abstaining from sexual relations with his spouse.
While polygamy is allowed under the code, a Muslim man could only marry a second wife with permission of a sharia court and could still be charged with bigamy satisfying this prerequisite.
Early marriage
Early marriage, often referred to child marriage, was permissible under the Code of Muslim Personal Laws under certain conditions. This runs counter to the Family Code of the Philippines which sets the marriageable age regardless of sex to 18 years old. The Code of Muslim Personal Laws allowed for Filipino Muslim minors of at least 15 years to get married and a Sharia court was allowed to consent the marriage of a Muslim girl as young as 12 years old who has attained puberty.
Child marriage in the context of Islamic tradition refers to a form of relationship involves at least one party is an adolescence who is usually at least 13 years of age rather than a child hence it is referred to as "early marriage". A Muslim girl who already had menstruation could already get married as per Islamic tradition.
The provision regarding early marriage under the Code of Muslim Personal Laws was overridden by Republic Act No. 11596 or the Prohibition of Child Marriage Law which criminalized child marriage, including its facilitation and solemnization, and cohabitation of an adult with a child outside wedlock. The legislation was signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte in December 2021.
Sharia courts
Under the Code of Muslim Personal Laws, five Shari'ah District Courts were established in the Philippines, all of which has territorial jurisdiction over areas in Mindanao. The Shari'ah District Court is roughly equivalent to the Regional Trial Court in the regular and secular Philippine court system.
Public holidays
The Code of Muslim Personal Laws allows for select localities in Mindanao to observe Muslim legal holidays. It also has a provision which would allow Muslim government employees outside these areas to excuse themselves from work.
See also
Sharia in the Philippines
External links
References
Islam in the Philippines
Philippine law
Law about religion in the Philippines | [
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Galy may refer to:
Galy Records, a Canadian independent record label
Galy Galiano (born 1958), Colombian composer
Audrey Galy (born 1984), French rower
See also
Gali (disambiguation) | [
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Jan Maletka (1921-1942) was a Polish railway worker. On 20 August 1942 he was murdered by the Germans for providing water to Jews being transported to the Treblinka concentration camp. On 26 November 2021 a plaque commemorating him has been revealed in the village of Treblinka, which has sparked a controversy.
References
1921 births
1942 deaths
Polish people in rail transport
Polish people executed by Nazi Germany
Polish people who rescued Jews during the Holocaust | [
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The 4 Stroke Rumen is a prototype automobile developed in the 2000s. It was a Toyota Aygo rebodied to resemble the Bugatti Atlantic of 1938, so it retained all the mechanics of the Toyota including its 3-cylinder engine of 68 hp.
Roumen Antonov
Roumen Antonov was born in Sofia in 1944. He was an inventor who was involved in the field of medicine and automotive projects. He graduated with a degree in Nuclear Physics and studied engineering and design because of his interest in automobiles. His work included searching for a cure for atherosclerosis and developing innovations for transmissions. Antonov is noted for designing the direct shift gearbox.
Development
The Rumen was designed by Antonov with design concepts commencing in the early seventies including a small scale model, while hewas still living in communist Bulgaria. In 1998 Antonov opened workshop in Le Mesnil-Amelot, France and built a proto-type. The proto-type was displayed at the 2002 Paris Motor Show and at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show. The Rumen was targeted, according to Antonov, at wealthy women in the US and UK market. Antonov also choose to make the car in France because it is the bearer of an image abroad synonymous with luxury, high-end, refinement to quote him directly.
Specifications
It has a leather interior, with power windows, electrically adjustable seats, and an optional wood dashboard. Seven different two tone paint options were to be available. The price in 2007 was €55,000 (US$70,000).
The cars body is carbon fibre composite on steel frame. The car powered by a three-cylinder 998cc engine with a five speed sequential semi-automatic gearbox. It has independent suspension with ABS and stability control.
References
4 Stroke Rumen [archive] dans Turbo
(es) 4 Stroke, la ilusión de un genio testarudo [archive] sur Motor.es
(en) Arvid Linde, Preston Tucker & Others: Tales of Brilliant Automotive Innovations, Veloce Publishing Ltd, 15 avr. 2011 - 160 pages
Car manufacturers of France | [
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On 24 January 2022, Moïse Mugenyi Kabagambe, a Congolese immigrant in Brazil, was killed in the beach kiosk Tropicália by three men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
His family would only learn about his death in the next day. Moïse's death would only be reported in newspapers on January 29, followed by numerous reactions on social networks condemning the murder and demanding justice. Politicians, celebrities, and organizations linked to human rights and the black movement also expressed their outrage at Moïse's murder.
On the 5th of February, protests took place in several Brazilian capitals and at the Brazilian embassy in Berlin, Germany. The protests were in memory of Moïse, and denounced racism and xenophobia. In some protests, there were also calls for impeachment against Jair Bolsonaro.
Background
Moïse Mugenyi Kabagambe was born in Bunia, in the Ituri Province. Because of the Ituri conflict, Moïse and his family left the Democratic Republic of the Congo and immigrated to Brazil in 2011, together with his siblings and mother, as a refugee.
He worked in a beach kiosk called Tropicália in Barra da Tijuca district, Rio de Janeiro, receiving daily wages for his work.
Day of the murder
On January 24, 2022, Moïse Mugenyi Kabagambe went to the Tropicália kiosk, where he worked, to collect two unpaid daily wages, worth R$200 (US$38). According to family members, he was tied up and beaten, including with a baseball bat. A couple who witnessed the incident claim that they asked for help from two municipal guards, but that the guards did not go to check on the Tropicália kiosk.
In a video circulated by the press and on social media, it is shown that Moïse was arguing with an employee, who grabs a piece of wood. In response, Moïse picks up a chair and a broom, and shortly after releases them. Kabagambe then takes out a bag and his shirt and opens the freezer, when another man approaches and starts to attack Moïse. Two other unidentified men join in the violence against Moïse. The aggressors, noticing Moïse's lack of reaction, try to help him by performing CPR, but to no avail. At the end of the video, it is possible to see that Moïse is being dragged away.
According to the local Instituto Médico Legal, the institution responsible for autopsies in Brazil, claimed that he died due to blunt trauma to his chest.
Aftermath
Relatives told the press that they were intimidated by the military police agents on January 25 and 29.
On February 1, 2022, three people had been arrested by the police. The next day, the Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro declared the temporary arrest of the three individuals already detained by the police. Also on February 2, the Public Ministry of Labor started an investigation.
The kiosk Tropicália was shut down by local authorities. The kiosk next to Tropicália, called Biruta, also had its license suspended by Orla Rio, Rio de Janeiro's kiosk concessionaire. Alauir Mattos de Faria, the supposed owner of kiosk Biruta, was considered "irregular occupant". The irregular situation motivated Orla Rio to open a lawsuit against Celso Carnaval, the actual owner of Biruta.
Lawyers of Carlos Fabio da Silva Muzi, the owner of Tropicália, ruled out any involvement with the assassination, and deny that there is any debt to Moïse since he was not a fixed employee. The lawyers also stated that Carlos Muzi has been receiving death threats since the murder came to light.
The three individuals arrested by the police assume that they were the Moïse's killers, but deny that they had the intention of killing him, or that the violence against Moïse was motivated by racism or xenophobia.
Reactions
The Congolese community in Brazil released a statement to the press.
On social media, there were several mentions of Moïse's death. The hashtags "#JustiçaParMoise" and "#JustiçaParaMoiseMugenyi" were used on Twitter. Brazilian politicians and celebrities also expressed outrage and disgust on their social media accounts.
Both Rio de Janeiro Governor Claudio Castro and Rio de Janeiro Mayor Eduardo Paes have made statements on Twitter. Eduardo Paes said that Kabamgabe's murder was "unacceptable and outrageous" and that those responsible will be punished. In another tweet, Paes is shown together with Kabamgabe's family.
In a joint statement, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), International Organization for Migration (IOM), and PARES Caritas RJ stated that ""are following the case, hoping that the crime will be clarified. At this moment, the organizations express their sincere condolences and solidarity to Moïse's family and to the Congolese community residing in Brazil."
The Brazilian chapter of Amnesty International published a statement repudiating the violence against Kabamgabe, stating that the murder was "a blatant and unacceptable case of violation of the human right to life and human dignity".
Human Rights Watch said that the murder was "deplorable", and expressed solidarity with Kabamgabe's family and the Congolese community in Brazil.
The Black Coalition for Rights repudiated the assassination of Kabamgabe, and affirmed that violence against Afro-Brazilians is common. The coalition also said that they would be helping organizing the protests against Kabamgabe's murder.
The embassy of the Democratic Republic of Congo denounced the death of Kabagambe and demanded answer from Brazilian authorities. The diplomatic representation also stated that there are four other cases of Congolese murdered in the country still waiting for the results of police investigations. The Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (known as Itamaraty), in response, said "Itamaraty expresses its indignation over the brutal murder and hopes those responsible are brought to justice as soon as possible." In the public statement, Itamaraty also mentioned the process of obtaining refugee status in Brazil. The Brazilian ambassador in Kinshasa was summoned by the Democratic Republic of Congo Foreign Affairs Minister Christophe Lutundula.
The kiosks will become a memorial to Congolese culture, and one of the establishments was given to Moïse's family.
Disinformation
On 31 January 2022, a Twitter account that is supposedly connected to Anonymous released the name of a person who was thought to be the current owner of the kiosk. The claim was shown to be false by journalist Giselle Aquino, and her findings were published by journalist Diego Sangermano, both working for SBT.
Protests
On 29 January 2022, friends and family of Moïse Mugenyi Kabagambe protested near the kiosk and condemned the crime.
In the early morning of February 3rd, a demonstration with 50 people was registered near the Tropicália kiosk.
Protests happened on February 5th in several cities in Brazil, including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador, Brasília, São Luís, Porto Alegre, e Belo Horizonte, Recife, Cuiabá, Curitiba, and Palmas. Outside of the country, there are protests scheduled to happen in New York City and London. Deutsche Welle reported that there was a demonstration near the Brazilian embassy in Berlin. The purpose of the protests, besides calling for justice for Moïse, was to denounce racism, xenophobia and police brutality against Black people in the country. There was also calls for the impeachment of Jair Bolsonaro.
Incidents
In Rio de Janeiro, Brazilian journalist Manoel Soares reported that he was verbally and physically attacked by white people.
In Curitiba, there was some confusion between protesters and religious people. The protesters were in the downtown district of the city, near the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Black Men of Saint Benedict, where the priest Luiz Haas was leading a mass. The priest and the protesters argued, and the protesters invaded the church and protested there for a few minutes. No damages were done to the church or the people inside it.
The videos of the invasion were widely shared on social media. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Curitiba criticized the act done by the protesters. President Jair Bolsonaro, who until then had not commented about the murder of Moïse, criticized the invasion of the church. Local politicians were also criticized because of their involvement with the protests. Councilwoman Carol Dartora (PT) participated in the protests, but wasn't part of the group of protesters who invaded the church. Nevertheless, she received hateful and racist messages by people who associated her with the protesters who invaded the church. Councilman Renato Freitas (PT) was with the group who invaded the church, and was criticized during a session in the Curitiba City Council by councilmen Osias Moraes (Republicanos) and Tico Kuzma (Pros).
See also
Crime in Brazil
References
2022 controversies
Murder in 2022
2022 murders in South America
January 2022 events in Brazil
January 2022 crimes
2020s in Rio de Janeiro
Murder in Brazil
Democratic Republic of the Congo emigrants to Brazil
Democratic Republic of the Congo refugees
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Dr. Priestley's Quest is a 1926 detective novel by John Rhode, the pen name of the British writer Cecil Street. It was the second appearance of the armchair detective Lancelot Priestley, who featured in a long-running series of novels during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. It has been described as the first major detective novel by the author. In its relationship between Priestley and his secretary and future son-in-law Harold Merefield is shown the influence of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Watson. Similarly, Inspector Hanslet of Scotland Yard fulfils a similar role to that of Lestrade.
Synopsis
Austin Heatherdale is killed on a lonely in what appears to be a casual robbery. However his brother Gerald demonstrates to Priestley that he believes the attack was pre-meditated and fears for his own safety. When he also then dies Priestley sets out to solve the murders of the Heatherdale brothers using pure logic.
References
Bibliography
Evans, Curtis. Masters of the "Humdrum" Mystery: Cecil John Charles Street, Freeman Wills Crofts, Alfred Walter Stewart and the British Detective Novel, 1920-1961. McFarland, 2014.
Herbert, Rosemary. Whodunit?: A Who's Who in Crime & Mystery Writing. Oxford University Press, 2003.
Reilly, John M. Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers. Springer, 2015.
1926 British novels
Novels by Cecil Street
British crime novels
British mystery novels
British thriller novels
British detective novels
Geoffrey Bles books
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