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Exogenesis: Perils of Rebirth | Development | The game was successfully funded with a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter; its goal was $32,000, and by the end of the crowdfunding period, $56,288 had been pledged by backers.
Kwan released a demo during the Kickstarter campaign with a length of 3–4 hours, containing about 80% of the first chapter. The game is goin... |
Exogenesis: Perils of Rebirth | Development | The game was originally set to be released in December 2014, but ended up getting delayed. It was initially developed with the visual novel engine Ren'Py, but was then ported to Unity in order to make PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Wii U and iOS releases possible. A Nintendo 3DS port was planned, but w... |
6-Nonenal | 6-Nonenal | 6-Nonenal is an organic compound with the formula C2H5CH=CH(CH2)4CHO. Other isomeric nonenal compounds are also known to exist naturally, e.g. 2-nonenal. The cis-isomer of 6-nonenal is often listed as the principal component in the aromas of muskmelon fruits. The trans-isomer is listed as an off-flavor aroma of milk fo... |
6-Nonenal | Biosynthesis | 6-Nonenal is thought to be biosynthesized from γ-lineolenic acid catalyzed by a lipoxygenase. The lipoxygenase converts alkene groups into hydroperoxides, which cleave by hydroperoxide lyase into the corresponding cis-aldehydes. Consistent with this mechanism, the odor of muskmelons requires exposure to air. In the rip... |
6-Nonenal | Laboratory synthesis | Either geometric isomer of this compound may be prepared by preparing by brominating 5-octene-1-ol, then preparing the appropriate Grignard reagent. Triethyl orthoformate is treated with this Grignard reagent, then hydrolyzed to give 6-nonenal. |
SCSI contingent allegiance condition | SCSI contingent allegiance condition | On a computer SCSI connection, a contingent allegiance condition occurs while a SCSI device reports an error.
SCSI communication takes place between an initiator and a target. The initiator sends a command to the target which then responds. At the end of the command the target returns a Status Code byte which is usuall... |
SCSI contingent allegiance condition | Details | While a target is in a contingent allegiance condition it must retain the sense information that relates to the error that caused it to enter that condition. This can be a complex issue in configurations which contain more than one initiator. A well-designed target may be able to maintain sense data for one initiator w... |
SCSI contingent allegiance condition | Details | The events that can cause a target to enter the contingent allegiance condition are Target responds to a SCSI command with a check condition 02h Target responds to a SCSI command with command terminated 22h An unexpected disconnectThe events that can cause a target to exit the contingent allegiance condition are Target... |
SCSI contingent allegiance condition | Extended contingent allegiance condition | When the target needs to perform a long error-recovery procedure (typically one that lasts more than one second) it can enter the extended contingent allegiance condition. This may be necessary in high performance systems or in cases where there is a danger that initiator may reset the target after a short timeout inte... |
SCSI contingent allegiance condition | Extended contingent allegiance condition | When a target enters the extended contingent allegiance condition it will send an Initiate Recovery message to the initiator.
The SCSI events that can cause a target to exit the extended contingent allegiance condition are Target receives a Bus Device Reset Target receives a hard reset Target receives a Release Recover... |
Mod Archive | Mod Archive | The Mod Archive is a website dedicated to the indexing and archival of playable music module files. It allows anyone to upload modules, and provides charts, reviews and ratings of music files based on a community effort.
Formats covered by the site are MOD, IT, XM, AHX, MED, STM, STX, S3M, MO3, MTM, 669, AMF, AMS, DBM,... |
Mod Archive | History | The Mod Archive was established in February 1996 as a place for tracker artists to upload their work. Since then, the site has emerged into being a community for artists and module enthusiasts. |
Mod Archive | History | In an effort to make the website more dynamic, the community part of the site was added around 2000, in the form of message boards and an indexed search engine. Having lacked proper maintenance since around 2004, however, the site went through a complete reimplementation, beginning in November 2005 and leaving private ... |
Mod Archive | Operations and quality control | Having moved from a sponsored, shared platform in 2007, the website currently resides on a dedicated server. As a result of the increased costs related to running on dedicated hardware, the site seeks the help of the community in covering the running costs.
Since anyone can upload files to the website, all uploaded fil... |
Mod Archive | Mentions in publications | ModArchive was mentioned in the PC music freeware roundup in Sound on Sound magazine.ModArchive (v3.1) was featured as Site of the Month in Computer Music magazine. |
Carrot cake cookie | Carrot cake cookie | A carrot cake cookie is a cookie prepared with ingredients that provide a flavor and texture similar to carrot cake. |
Carrot cake cookie | Ingredients | Typical ingredients include grated carrot, flour, sugar or brown sugar, cooking oil, spices and baking soda. Additional ingredients may include shredded coconut, raisins, molasses and nuts. Many variations exist, such as carrot cake whoopie pies, cookie sandwiches, and those prepared in the style of an energy bar. Crea... |
AVCOAT | AVCOAT | AVCOAT 5026-39 is a NASA code for a specific ablative heat shield material created by Avco (acquired by Textron in 1984).
It is an epoxy novolac resin with special additives in a fiberglass honeycomb matrix. In fabrication, the empty honeycomb is bonded to the primary structure and the resin is gunned into each cell in... |
AVCOAT | History | AVCOAT was used for the heat shield on NASA's Apollo command module. In its final form, this material was called AVCOAT 5026-39.
Although AVCOAT was not used for the Space Shuttle orbiters, NASA is using the material for its next generation Orion spacecraft. The Avcoat to be used on Orion is reformulated to meet enviro... |
AVCOAT | Specifications | Material: epoxy phenol formaldehyde resin with special additives in a fiberglass honeycomb matrix.
Density: 32 pounds per cubic foot (0.51 g/cm3) Post-ablation char-layer composition: 6.7 pounds per cubic foot (0.107 g/cm3) of carbon and 8 pounds per cubic foot (0.13 g/cm3) of silica. |
AVCOAT | Notable AVCOAT Installations | AVCOAT for Orion Crew Module The Orion Crew Module was first designed for the NASA's Constellation program, but later adapted the Space Launch System to replace the Space Shuttle program. This spacecraft was planned to take astronauts to the International Space Station in 2015 and to the moon in 2024.
In the past, the ... |
AVCOAT | Notable AVCOAT Installations | To protect the Crew Module during Earth re-entry, the dish shaped AVCOAT heat shield ablator system was selected. NASA announced that this module will encounter temperature as high as 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2760°C). Licensed by Textron, AVCOAT material is produced at New Orleans's Michoud Assembly Facility by Lockhe... |
AVCOAT | Notable AVCOAT Installations | John Kowal, Orion's thermal protections systems manager at Johnson Space Center, discussed the biggest challenge with AVCOAT has been reviving the technology for manufacturing with similar performance as demonstrated in the Apollo Missions.The EFT-1 mission performed two orbits of Earth providing the opportunity for Or... |
AVCOAT | Notable AVCOAT Installations | AVCOAT for Apollo Missions AVCOAT was first used on the parts of the Apollo spacecraft orbiter and as a unit attached to the crew module in the past. It is a honeycomb structure. NASA confirmed that this is made of silica fibers with an epoxy novolac resin filled in a fiberglass-phenolic manufactured directly onto the ... |
AVCOAT | Notable AVCOAT Installations | After the Apollo missions, the production was then put in place for the purpose of studying. Orion Chief Engineer requested the heat shield to be redesigned, however the final design was not selected. |
AVCOAT | AVCOAT Heat Shield Research and Installation for Orion Crew Module | The AVCOAT material heat shield went through several rounds of testing before being chosen for the installation. During the investigation of the thermochemical response of Avcoat TPS (based on first principles for comparison with EFT-1 data), things being tested on the heat-shield included: modeling of gas transport, h... |
AVCOAT | Flight use | Uncrewed Several subscale test flights AS-201 AS-202 Apollo 4 Apollo 6 EFT-1 Artemis 1 Crewed Apollo 7, Apollo 8, Apollo 9, Apollo 10 Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 13, Apollo 14 Apollo 15, Apollo 16, Apollo 17 Skylab 2, Skylab 3, Skylab 4 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project |
Concrete leveling | Concrete leveling | In civil engineering, concrete leveling is a procedure that attempts to correct an uneven concrete surface by altering the foundation that the surface sits upon. It is a cheaper alternative to having replacement concrete poured and is commonly performed at small businesses and private homes as well as at factories, war... |
Concrete leveling | Causes of settlement | Concrete slabs can be susceptible to settlement from a wide variety of factors, the most common being an inconsistency of moisture in the soil. Soil expands and contracts as the levels of moisture fluctuate during the dry and rainy seasons. In some parts of the United States, naturally occurring soils can consolidate o... |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | "Slabjacking" is a specialty concrete repair technology. In essence, slabjacking attempts to lift a sunken concrete slab by pumping a substance through the concrete, effectively pushing it up from below. The process is also commonly referred to as "mudjacking" and "pressure grouting.” Accounts of raising large concrete... |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | The slabjacking process generally starts with drilling access holes in the concrete, strategically located to maximize lift. These holes range in size from 3/8" up to 3" depending on the process used.
Initial material injections fill any under slab void space. Once the void space is filled, subsequent injections will s... |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | Slabjacking technology has several benefits, including: Cost – can be significantly less expensive than new concrete Timeliness of the repair – concrete is typically usable within hours as opposed to days with new concrete Minimal or no environmental impact – mostly due to keeping waste out of landfills Aesthetic – doe... |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | Benefits of mudjacking: Low-pressure lifting of slab Finely controlled lifting of the slab Possible to achieve higher compressive strength than foam leveling Budget-friendly Equipment can access locations at longer distances than poly foam Environmentally friendly. Accepted at concrete recycling facilities unlike poly ... |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | Requires more clean-up afterward compared to foam leveling Largest holes of the three main processes Can be a slower process due to the smaller material volume of the movable cart.
Does not resist erosion or fill voids as well as polyurethane foam. |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | Limestone grout leveling This method uses a pulverized limestone, commonly called agricultural lime. mixed with water, and sometimes Portland cement, to create a slurry about the consistency of a thick milkshake. This slurry is pumped hydraulically beneath the slab through 1" holes. Because of its semi-fluid nature, it... |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | Even though the injection pressure is relatively low, compared to Foam Leveling, Stone Slurry Grout Leveling has a high compressive strength of 240 pounds per square inch. This is equal to 34,560 pounds of lifting force per square foot. With Portland cement added, this can increase to over 6,000 psi or 864,000 pounds p... |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | Some closed-cell polymer foams have baseline lifting capabilities of 6,000 lbs per sq. ft. [CONVERT] and leveling procedures have been performed in which loads as high as 125 tons have been lifted and stabilized in a surface area of less than 900 sq. ft. Some foams are even stronger, with compressive strengths of 50 ps... |
Concrete leveling | Slabjacking | Intense heat can build up causing self combustion and flammability of polyurethane from improper installation |
DNA database | DNA database | A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles which can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting for criminology, or genetic genealogy. DNA databases may be public or private, the largest ones being national DNA databases. |
DNA database | DNA database | DNA databases are often employed in forensic investigations. When a match is made from a national DNA database to link a crime scene to a person whose DNA profile is stored on a database, that link is often referred to as a cold hit. A cold hit is of particular value in linking a specific person to a crime scene, but i... |
DNA database | Types | Forensic A forensic database is a centralized DNA database for storing DNA profiles of individuals that enables searching and comparing of DNA samples collected from a crime scene against stored profiles. The most important function of the forensic database is to produce matches between the suspected individual and cri... |
DNA database | Types | Genealogical A national or forensic DNA database is not available for non-police purposes. DNA profiles can also be used for genealogical purposes, so that a separate genetic genealogy database needs to be created that stores DNA profiles of genealogical DNA test results. GenBank is a public genetic genealogy database ... |
DNA database | Types | Medical A medical DNA database is a DNA database of medically relevant genetic variations. It collects an individual's DNA which can reflect their medical records and lifestyle details. Through recording DNA profiles, scientists may find out the interactions between the genetic environment and occurrence of certain dis... |
DNA database | Types | National A national DNA database is a DNA database maintained by the government for storing DNA profiles of its population. Each DNA profile based on PCR and uses STR (Short Tandem Repeats) analysis. They are generally used for forensic purposes which includes searching and matching of DNA profiles of potential crimina... |
DNA database | Types | United Kingdom The first national DNA database in the United Kingdom was established in April 1995, called National DNA Database (NDNAD). By 2006, it contained 2.7 million DNA profiles (about 5.2% of the UK population), as well as other information from individuals and crime scenesI in 2020 it had 6.6 million profiles ... |
DNA database | Types | New Zealand New Zealand was the second country to set up a DNA database. In 2019 The New Zealand DNA Profile Databank held 40,000 DNA profiles and 200,000 samples. |
DNA database | Types | United States The United States national DNA database is called Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). It is maintained at three levels: national, state and local. Each level implemented its own DNA index system. The national DNA index system (NDIS) allows DNA profiles to be exchanged and compared between participated labo... |
DNA database | Types | CODIS software integrates and connects all the DNA index systems at the three levels. CODIS is installed on each participating laboratory site and uses a standalone network known as Criminal Justice Information Systems Wide Area Network (CJIS WAN) to connect to other laboratories. In order to decrease the number of irr... |
DNA database | Types | As of 2011, over 9 million records were held within CODIS. As of March 2011, 361,176 forensic profiles and 9,404,747 offender profiles have been accumulated, making it the largest DNA database in the world. As of the same date, CODIS has produced over 138,700 matches to requests, assisting in more than 133,400 investig... |
DNA database | Types | Australia The Australian national DNA database is called the National Criminal Investigation DNA Database (NCIDD). By July 2018, it contained 837,000+ DNA profiles. The database used 9 STR loci and a sex gene for analysis, and this was increased to 18 core markers in 2013. NCIDD combines all forensic data, including DN... |
DNA database | Types | Canada The Canadian national DNA database is called the National DNA Data Bank (NDDB) which was established in 1998 but first used in 2000. The legislation that Parliament enacted to govern the use of this technology within the criminal justice system has been found by Canadian courts to be respectful of the constituti... |
DNA database | Types | Dubai In 2017 Dubai announced an initiative called Dubai 10X which was planned to create 'disruptive innovation' into the country. One of the projects in this initiative was a DNA database that would collect the genomes of all 3 million citizens of the country over a 10-year period. It was intended to use the data base... |
DNA database | Types | Germany Germany set up its DNA database for the German Federal Police (BKA) in 1998. |
DNA database | Types | In late 2010, the database contained DNA profiles of over 700,000 individuals and in September 2016 it contained 1,162,304 entries. On 23 May 2011 in the "Stop the DNA Collection Frenzy!" campaign various civil rights and data protection organizations handed an open letter to the German minister of justice Sabine Leuth... |
DNA database | Types | Israel The Israeli national DNA database is called the Israel Police DNA Index System (IPDIS) which was established in 2007, and has a collection of more than 135,000 DNA profiles. The collection includes DNA profiles from suspected and accused persons and convicted offenders. The Israeli database also include an “elim... |
DNA database | Types | In order to handle the high throughput processing and analysis of DNA samples from FTA cards, the Israeli Police DNA database has established a semi-automated program LIMS, which enables a small number of police to finish processing a large number of samples in a relatively small period of time, and it is also responsi... |
DNA database | Types | Kuwait The Kuwaiti government passed a law in July 2015 requiring all citizens and permanent residents (4.2 million people) to have their DNA taken for a national database. The reason for this law was security concerns after the ISIS suicide bombing of the Imam Sadiq mosque. They planned to finish collecting the DNA by... |
DNA database | Types | Brazil In 1998, the Forensic DNA Research Institute of Federal District Civil Police created DNA databases of sexual assault evidence. In 2012, Brazil approved a national law establishing DNA databases at state and national levels regarding DNA typing of individuals convicted of violent crimes. Following the decree of ... |
DNA database | Types | France France set up the DNA database called FNAEG in 1998. By December 2009, there were 1.27 million profiles on FNAEG. |
DNA database | Types | Russia In Russia, scientific DNA testing is being actively carried out in order to study the genetic diversity of the peoples of Russia in the framework of the state task - to learn from DNA to determine the probable territory of human origin based on data on the majority of the peoples of the country. On June 16, 2017... |
DNA database | Types | Within the framework of this program, it is also planned to include the peoples of neighboring countries, which are the main source of migration, into the genogeographic study on the basis of existing collections. |
DNA database | Types | In accordance with the Federal Law of December 3, 2008 No. 242-FZ "On state genomic registration in the Russian Federation", voluntary state genomic registration of citizens of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign citizens and stateless persons living or temporarily staying in the territory of the Russian Federat... |
DNA database | Types | Articles 10 and 11 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ "On Personal Data" provide that the processing of special categories of personal data relating to race, nationality, political views, religious or philosophical beliefs, health status, intimate life is allowed if it is necessary in connection with the im... |
DNA database | Types | Other European countries In comparison with the other European countries, The Netherlands is the largest collector of DNA profiles of its citizens. At this moment the DNA databank at the Netherlands Forensic Institute contains the DNA profiles of over 316,000 Dutch citizens.Contrary to the situation in most other Europ... |
DNA database | Types | In Sweden, only the DNA profiles of criminals who have spent more than two years in prison are stored. In Norway and Germany, court orders are required, and are only available, respectively, for serious offenders and for those convicted of certain offences and who are likely to reoffend. Austria started a criminal DNA ... |
DNA database | Types | China By 2020 Chinese police had collected 80 million DNA profiles. There have been concerns that China may be using DNA data not just for crime solving, but for tracking activists, including Uyghurs. |
DNA database | Types | India India announced it will launch its genomic database by fall 2019. In the first phase of "Genome India" the genomic data of 10,000 Indians will be catalogued. The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has initiated the project. The first private DNA bank in India is in Lucknow - the capital of Indian State Uttar Prade... |
DNA database | Types | Corporate Ancestry was reported to have collected 14 million DNA samples as of November 2018. |
DNA database | Types | 23andme's DNA database contained genetic information of over nine million people worldwide by 2019. The company explores selling the "anonymous aggregated genetic data" to other researchers and pharmaceutical companies for research purposes if patients give their consent. Ahmad Hariri, professor of psychology and neuro... |
DNA database | Types | My Heritage said their database had 2.5 million profiles in 2019.
Family Tree DNA was reported they had about two million people in their database in 2019. |
DNA database | Compression | DNA databases occupy more storage when compared to other non DNA databases due to the enormous size of each DNA sequence. Every year DNA databases grow exponentially. This poses a major challenge to the storage, data transfer, retrieval and search of these databases. To address these challenges DNA databases are compre... |
DNA database | Compression | DNA sequences contain palindromic repetitions of A, C, T, G. Compression of these sequences involve locating and encoding these repetitions and decoding them during decompression. |
DNA database | Compression | Some approaches used to encode and decode are: Huffman Encoding Adaptive Huffman Encoding Arithmetic coding Arithmetic coding Context tree weighting (CTW) methodThe compression algorithms listed below may use one of the above encoding approaches to compress and decompress DNA database Compression using Redundancy of DN... |
DNA database | Medicine | Many countries collect newborn blood samples to screen for diseases mainly with a genetic basis. Mainly these are destroyed soon after testing. In some countries the dried blood (and the DNA) is retained for later testing. In Denmark the Danish Newborn Screening Biobank at Statens Serum Institut keeps a blood sample f... |
DNA database | Privacy issues | Critics of DNA databases warn that the various uses of the technology can pose a threat to individual civil liberties. Personal information included in genetic material, such as markers that identify various genetic diseases, physical and behavioral traits, could be used for discriminatory profiling and its collection ... |
DNA database | Privacy issues | UK laws in 2001 and 2003 allowed DNA profiles to be taken immediately after a person was arrested and kept in a Database even if the suspect was later acquitted. In response to public unease at these provisions, the UK later changed this by passing the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 which required that those suspects ... |
DNA database | DNA collection and human rights | In a judgement in December 2008, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that two British men should not have had their DNA and fingerprints retained by police saying that retention "could not be regarded as necessary in a democratic society".The DNA fingerprinting pioneer Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys condemned UK gove... |
DNA database | Effects on crime | A 2021 study found that registration of Danish criminal offenders in a DNA database substantially reduced the probability of re-offending, as well as increased the likelihood that re-offenders were identified if they committed future crimes.A 2017 study in the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics showed that da... |
DNA database | Monozygotic twins | Monozygotic twins share around 99.99% of their DNA, while other siblings share around 50%. Some next generation sequencing tools are capable of detecting rare de novo mutations in only one of the twins (detectable in rare single nucleotide polymorphisms). Most DNA testing tools would not detect these rare SNPs in most ... |
DNA database | Monozygotic twins | Each person's DNA is unique to them to the slight exception of identical (monozygotic and monospermotic) twins, who start out from the identical genetic line of DNA but during the twinning event have incredibly small mutations which can be detected now (for all intents and purposes, compared to all other humans and eve... |
Isotopes of osmium | Isotopes of osmium | Osmium (76Os) has seven naturally occurring isotopes, five of which are stable: 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, and (most abundant) 192Os. The other natural isotopes, 184Os, and 186Os, have extremely long half-life (1.12×1013 years and 2×1015 years, respectively) and for practical purposes can be considered to be stable as... |
Isotopes of osmium | Isotopes of osmium | There are also 30 artificial radioisotopes, the longest-lived of which is 194Os with a half-life of six years; all others have half-lives under 94 days. There are also nine known nuclear isomers, the longest-lived of which is 191mOs with a half-life of 13.10 hours. All isotopes and nuclear isomers of osmium are either ... |
Isotopes of osmium | Uses of osmium isotopes | The isotopic ratio of osmium-187 and osmium-188 (187Os/188Os) can be used as a window into geochemical changes throughout the ocean's history. The average marine 187Os/188Os ratio in oceans is 1.06. This value represents a balance of the continental derived riverine inputs of Os with a 187Os/188Os ratio of ~1.3, and th... |
Isotopes of osmium | Uses of osmium isotopes | The long half-life of 184Os with respect to alpha decay to 180W has been proposed as a radiometric dating method for osmium-rich rocks or for differentiation of a planetary core. |
Compact (cosmetics) | Compact (cosmetics) | A compact (also powder box, powder case and flapjack) is a cosmetic product. It is usually a small round metal case and contains two or more of the following: a mirror, pressed or loose face powder with a gauze sifter and a powder puff. |
Compact (cosmetics) | History | Compacts date from the early 1900s, a time when make-up had not gained widespread social acceptance and the first powder cases were often concealed within accessories such as walking sticks, jewellery or hatpins.From 1896, American handbag manufacturer Whiting & Davis created lidded compartments in its bags where powde... |
Compact (cosmetics) | History | Designs and variations Compacts were heavily influenced by prevailing fashions – for instance, the 1922 discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb spawned Egypt-inspired obelisks, sphinxes and pyramids, while the growing popularity of the car meant compacts were incorporated into visors, steering wheels and gears. Jewellers such ... |
Compact (cosmetics) | Decline | Although compacts continued to be in widespread production up to the 1960s, their popularity diminished as the cosmetics industry created plastic containers that were designed to be discarded once the powder ran out. These began to be heavily advertised from the 1950s. Writing in Americana, Deirdre Clemente suggested t... |
Albaconazole | Albaconazole | Albaconazole (development code UR-9825) is an experimental triazole antifungal. It has potential broad-spectrum activity. The drug blocks a number of CYP450 liver enzymes.It has also been studied as an antiprotozoal agent. |
Shell Rock Formation | Shell Rock Formation | The Shell Rock Formation is a geologic formation in Iowa. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period. |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | Glossary of contract bridge terms | These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge, and other trick-taking games. This glossary supplements the Glossary of card game terms.
In the following entries, boldface links are external to the glossary and... |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | 0–9 | 3014 or 3014 RKCB A mnemonic for the original (Roman) response structure to the Roman Key Card Blackwood convention. It represents "3 or 0" and "1 or 4", meaning that the lowest step response (5♣) to the 4NT key card asking bid shows responder has three or zero keycards and the next step (5♦) shows one or four.
1430 or... |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | 0–9 | 8421 Counting points by way of 8421 means counting an ace for 8 points, a king for 4, a queen for 2, and a jack for 1 point. For example, when a bid is interpreted as "5- 8421 HCP in S", this means the bidder is expected to have 5 or fewer points in spades, counting an ace as 8 points, etc. |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | A | Above the line In rubber bridge, the location on the scorepad above the main horizontal line where extra points are entered; extra points are those awarded for holding honor cards in trumps, for bonuses for scoring game, small slam, grand slam or winning a rubber, for overtricks on the declaring side and for undertrick... |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | A | ACBL American Contract Bridge League, the sport governing body for bridge in North America – defined as Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, and the United States – and the sponsoring organization of North American Bridge Championships (NABC). Its members are players, grouped in regional districts and local units for some purposes... |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | A | An approach to competitive bidding that emphasizes frequent interference with opponents' bidding sequences.Adjusted score In duplicate bridge, a score awarded by the Director (when empowered by the Laws) in order to redress damage to a non-offending side and to take away any advantage gained by an offending side throug... |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | A | Advance cue bid The cue bid of a first round control that occurs before a partnership has agreed on a strain.
Advance sacrifice A sacrifice bid made before the opponents have had an opportunity to determine their optimum contract. For example: 1♦ – (1♠) – Dbl – (5♠).
Advancer Overcaller's partner, especially one who bi... |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | A | Air, as "on air" (Slang) To win a trick with a high card while capturing only small cards, commonly said of a defensive play. In the example at right, when South leads the ♥8, West must take the ♥A on air, or risk making no heart tricks. Nevertheless, best defense on a given hand may call either for ducking the winner ... |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | A | Alcatraz coup Declarer's intentional and unethical attempt to locate a finessable card by revoking. If the play is unintentional, it is nevertheless subject to score adjustment. |
Glossary of contract bridge terms | A | Alert A method of informing the opponents that partner's call carries a meaning they might not expect. Sponsoring organizations set rules on which calls must be alerted and how; any method of alerting may be authorized, such as saying "Alert", displaying an Alert card from a bidding box, or knocking on the table. Regar... |
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