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56d38cfe59d6e4140014673b
Frédéric_Chopin
Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music.
How many Chopin pieces are known to have survived?
{ "text": [ "Over 230" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d38cfe59d6e4140014673c
Frédéric_Chopin
Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music.
Only a few of Chopin's pieces involve more than the piano, including piano concertos, songs and what?
{ "text": [ "chamber music." ], "answer_start": [ 210 ] }
56cfed0f234ae51400d9c0db
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Clementi; he used Clementi's piano method with his own students.
Whose piano method did Chopin teach his students?
{ "text": [ "Clementi" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
56d38d6559d6e4140014674f
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Clementi; he used Clementi's piano method with his own students.
Whose piano method did Chopin use with his students?
{ "text": [ "Clementi" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
56d38d6559d6e41400146750
Frédéric_Chopin
He cited Bach and Mozart as the two most important composers in shaping his musical outlook.
Who did Chopin say were the two most important composers in his own music influences?
{ "text": [ "Bach and Mozart" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d38d6559d6e41400146751
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Clementi; he used Clementi's piano method with his own students.
Chopin looked to Beethoven, Mozart, Clementi and who for his own music education?
{ "text": [ "Haydn" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }
56cfed8a234ae51400d9c0e1
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication.
Who is credited with creating the nocturne?
{ "text": [ "John Field" ], "answer_start": [ 80 ] }
56cfed8a234ae51400d9c0e2
Frédéric_Chopin
He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces.
Chopin was the first person to create what as singular concert pieces?
{ "text": [ "ballades and scherzi" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
56d38fa059d6e41400146771
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication.
What new genre di John Field invent?
{ "text": [ "nocturne" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
56d38fa059d6e41400146772
Frédéric_Chopin
He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces.
Chopin was first in writing what for concerts?
{ "text": [ "ballades and scherzi" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
56d38fa059d6e41400146773
Frédéric_Chopin
He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude, already being developed in the 1820s and 1830s by Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles, in his two sets of studies (Op. 10 published in 1833, Op. 25 in 1837).
What musical concept did Chopin exploit?
{ "text": [ "concert étude" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
56d38fa059d6e41400146774
Frédéric_Chopin
He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude, already being developed in the 1820s and 1830s by Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles, in his two sets of studies (Op. 10 published in 1833, Op. 25 in 1837).
What three other musicians were developing the new genre?
{ "text": [ "Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }
56cfee5d234ae51400d9c0f7
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (...
How many polonaises were published while Chopin lived?
{ "text": [ "seven" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
56cfee5d234ae51400d9c0f8
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (...
How many polonaises were published after Chopin died?
{ "text": [ "nine" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
56cfee5d234ae51400d9c0f9
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (...
Chopin was credited for making what more internationally known?
{ "text": [ "mazurkas" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56cfee5d234ae51400d9c0fa
Frédéric_Chopin
His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents.
What is different about Chopin's waltzes versus a ballroom waltz?
{ "text": [ "faster tempos" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }
56d390b559d6e41400146789
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression.
What did Chopin add to the modern dance of his era?
{ "text": [ "greater range of melody and expression." ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
56d390b559d6e4140014678a
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (...
Chopin's Polish dance music was developed for what type of hall?
{ "text": [ "concert hall" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }
56d390b559d6e4140014678b
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (...
What was Chopin responsible for making popular with Euorpeans?
{ "text": [ "the mazurka" ], "answer_start": [ 220 ] }
56d390b559d6e4140014678c
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (...
How many Chopin polonaises were published after his death?
{ "text": [ "nine" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
56d390b559d6e4140014678d
Frédéric_Chopin
His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents.
What dance music of Chopin was written more for recitals than ballrooms?
{ "text": [ "waltzes" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56cfef3c234ae51400d9c10d
Frédéric_Chopin
Some of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles, such as the Revolutionary Étude (Op. 10, No. 12), and the Minute Waltz (Op. 64, No. 1).
What is another title Op. 10, No. 12 has garnered?
{ "text": [ "the Revolutionary Étude" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
56cfef3c234ae51400d9c10e
Frédéric_Chopin
However, with the exception of his Funeral March, the composer never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number, leaving all potential extramusical associations to the listener; the names by which many of his pieces are known were invented by others.
What is the only piece Chopin gave an actual title to?
{ "text": [ "Funeral March" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }
56cfef3c234ae51400d9c10f
Frédéric_Chopin
The Funeral March, the third movement of his Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35), the one case where he did give a title, was written before the rest of the sonata, but no specific event or death is known to have inspired it.
The Funeral March was written as part of what piece?
{ "text": [ "Sonata No. 2" ], "answer_start": [ 45 ] }
56d3913859d6e41400146793
Frédéric_Chopin
The Funeral March, the third movement of his Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35), the one case where he did give a title, was written before the rest of the sonata, but no specific event or death is known to have inspired it.
How many instrumental works did Chopin give a descriptive name to?
{ "text": [ "one" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
56d3913859d6e41400146795
Frédéric_Chopin
Some of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles, such as the Revolutionary Étude (Op. 10, No. 12), and the Minute Waltz (Op. 64, No. 1).
What descriptive name was Op. 10, No. 12 given?
{ "text": [ "Revolutionary Étude" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
56d3913859d6e41400146796
Frédéric_Chopin
Some of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles, such as the Revolutionary Étude (Op. 10, No. 12), and the Minute Waltz (Op. 64, No. 1).
What descriptive name was Op. 64, No. 1 given?
{ "text": [ "Minute Waltz" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
56cff00f234ae51400d9c113
Frédéric_Chopin
The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65, allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor.
What was the last number Chopin gave to an opus?
{ "text": [ "65" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
56cff00f234ae51400d9c115
Frédéric_Chopin
At the request of the composer's mother and sisters, however, his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers (Opp.
Who was Chopin's musical executor?
{ "text": [ "Julian Fontana" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
56cff00f234ae51400d9c116
Frédéric_Chopin
At the request of the composer's mother and sisters, however, his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers (Opp.
How many unfinished pieces did Julian Fontana make into eight more opus numbers?
{ "text": [ "23" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }
56cff00f234ae51400d9c117
Frédéric_Chopin
In 1857, 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74, though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition.
Op. 74 is made up of how many Polish songs?
{ "text": [ "17" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d3929359d6e4140014679d
Frédéric_Chopin
The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65, allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor.
What is the last opus number that Chopin used?
{ "text": [ "65" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
56d3929359d6e4140014679f
Frédéric_Chopin
At the request of the composer's mother and sisters, however, his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers (Opp.
Who grouped 23 unpublished pieces and published them as Opp. 66-73 in 1855?
{ "text": [ "Julian Fontana" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
56d3929359d6e414001467a1
Frédéric_Chopin
In 1857, 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74, though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition.
When was Op. 74 published?
{ "text": [ "1857" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56cff0c3234ae51400d9c123
Frédéric_Chopin
The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who?
{ "text": [ "Krystyna Kobylańska" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
56cff0c3234ae51400d9c124
Frédéric_Chopin
Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers.
Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers?
{ "text": [ "1857" ], "answer_start": [ 22 ] }
56d3946659d6e414001467af
Frédéric_Chopin
Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers.
What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers?
{ "text": [ "alternative catalogue designations" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
56d3946659d6e414001467b0
Frédéric_Chopin
The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces?
{ "text": [ "the Kobylańska Catalogue" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }
56d3946659d6e414001467b1
Frédéric_Chopin
The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
What is the shortened reference for the Kobylańska Catalogue?
{ "text": [ "KK" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
56d3946659d6e414001467b2
Frédéric_Chopin
The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue?
{ "text": [ "Krystyna Kobylańska." ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
56cff179234ae51400d9c131
Frédéric_Chopin
The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & Härtel (1878–1902).
Who released the first collection of Chopin's works?
{ "text": [ "Breitkopf & Härtel" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }
56cff179234ae51400d9c133
Frédéric_Chopin
Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.
Who edited the Polish "National Edition" of Chopin's works?
{ "text": [ "Jan Ekier" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
56d3971459d6e414001467cd
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's original publishers included Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel.
Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin?
{ "text": [ "original publishers" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d3971459d6e414001467ce
Frédéric_Chopin
His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies.
Where did Chopin's work start t oshow up?
{ "text": [ "popular 19th-century piano anthologies." ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
56d3971459d6e414001467cf
Frédéric_Chopin
Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.
What was the name under scholarly publications of Chopin's work form 1937 to 1966?
{ "text": [ "Paderewski" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
56d3971459d6e414001467d0
Frédéric_Chopin
Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.
Who edited the Polish National Edition?
{ "text": [ "Jan Ekier" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
56cff256234ae51400d9c145
Frédéric_Chopin
Improvisation stands at the centre of Chopin's creative processes.
What is central to Chopin's process?
{ "text": [ "Improvisation" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56cff256234ae51400d9c146
Frédéric_Chopin
After the piano concertos (which are both early, dating from 1830), Chopin made no attempts at large-scale multi-movement forms, save for his late sonatas for piano and for cello; "instead he achieved near-perfection in pieces of simple general design but subtle and complex cell-structure." Rosen suggests that an impor...
Rosen suggests that a central part of Chopin's uniqueness is how he handles what?
{ "text": [ "the four-bar phrase" ], "answer_start": [ 386 ] }
56d398a859d6e414001467e5
Frédéric_Chopin
Improvisation stands at the centre of Chopin's creative processes.
What is central to Chopin's creativeness?
{ "text": [ "Improvisation" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d398a859d6e414001467e6
Frédéric_Chopin
However, this does not imply impulsive rambling: Nicholas Temperley writes that "improvisation is designed for an audience, and its starting-point is that audience's expectations, which include the current conventions of musical form." The works for piano and orchestra, including the two concertos, are held by Temperle...
Who wrote that "improvisation is designed for an audience"?
{ "text": [ "Nicholas Temperley" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
56d398a859d6e414001467e7
Frédéric_Chopin
After the piano concertos (which are both early, dating from 1830), Chopin made no attempts at large-scale multi-movement forms, save for his late sonatas for piano and for cello; "instead he achieved near-perfection in pieces of simple general design but subtle and complex cell-structure." Rosen suggests that an impor...
What did Rosen suggest was important about chopin's personality?
{ "text": [ "his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit." ], "answer_start": [ 361 ] }
56cff351234ae51400d9c14d
Frédéric_Chopin
The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses.
Chopin's mazurkas contain more of what than his other compositions?
{ "text": [ "folk features" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
56d39a6a59d6e414001467f3
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.
What form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes in?
{ "text": [ "straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda." ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
56d39a6a59d6e414001467f4
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.
Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects?
{ "text": [ "mazurkas" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d39a6a59d6e414001467f5
Frédéric_Chopin
The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses.
What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas exhibit?
{ "text": [ "drone bass" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }
56d39a6a59d6e414001467f6
Frédéric_Chopin
However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 63 No. 3, which includes a canon at one beat's distance, a great rarity in music.
What does Chopin's Op. 63 No. 3 have that is rare?
{ "text": [ "a canon at one beat's distance" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
56cff390234ae51400d9c151
Frédéric_Chopin
As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences.
What time are Chopin's polonaises written in?
{ "text": [ "triple time" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
56d39abf59d6e414001467fd
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner).
Chopin's ability to create an advanced polonasises surpassed even two of his teachers, Zywny and who?
{ "text": [ "Elsner" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
56d39abf59d6e414001467fe
Frédéric_Chopin
As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences.
Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?
{ "text": [ "martial" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }
56d39abf59d6e414001467ff
Frédéric_Chopin
Unlike most of their precursors, they also require a formidable playing technique.
Chopin's polonaises needed what kind of playing technique?
{ "text": [ "formidable" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
56cff3f4234ae51400d9c153
Frédéric_Chopin
The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833).
How many nocturnes did Chopin compose?
{ "text": [ "21" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56cff3f4234ae51400d9c154
Frédéric_Chopin
Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.
What is it about the middle of Chopin's nocturnes that increases their drama?
{ "text": [ "agitated expression" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
56d39bdf59d6e41400146807
Frédéric_Chopin
The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833).
Chopin's nocturnes were more structured than who?
{ "text": [ "Field" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
56d39bdf59d6e41400146808
Frédéric_Chopin
The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833).
What year did Chopin meet Field?
{ "text": [ "1833" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
56d39bdf59d6e41400146809
Frédéric_Chopin
The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833).
Which type of Chopin's compositons were difficult for perfomers due to their middle sections?
{ "text": [ "nocturnes" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
56cff427234ae51400d9c157
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's études are largely in straightforward ternary form.
What pieces of his did Chopin use to teach his technique?
{ "text": [ "études" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d39c5359d6e4140014680d
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's études are largely in straightforward ternary form.
What form are most of Chopin's études in?
{ "text": [ "straightforward ternary" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
56d39c5359d6e4140014680e
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's études are largely in straightforward ternary form.
Chopin often taught his piano technique using what form of music he wrote?
{ "text": [ "études" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56cff49a234ae51400d9c161
Frédéric_Chopin
Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence) to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality.
What piece of Bach's did Chopin take inspiration for his preludes?
{ "text": [ "The Well-Tempered Clavier" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
56cff49a234ae51400d9c162
Frédéric_Chopin
The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is...
Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group?
{ "text": [ "Kenneth Hamilton" ], "answer_start": [ 203 ] }
56d39cea59d6e41400146811
Frédéric_Chopin
The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies".
What was described as "the beginning of studies" by Schumann?
{ "text": [ "The preludes" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d39cea59d6e41400146812
Frédéric_Chopin
Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence) to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality.
What inspired Chopin for his preludes?
{ "text": [ "J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier" ], "answer_start": [ 12 ] }
56d39cea59d6e41400146813
Frédéric_Chopin
The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is...
Kenneth Hamilton suggests that the preludes may not have been meant as a group but rather as what?
{ "text": [ "generic preludes to others of his pieces" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }
56d39cea59d6e41400146814
Frédéric_Chopin
The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is...
Who did a recording where Étude Op. 10 No. 5. follows relude Op. 28 No. 7?
{ "text": [ "Ferruccio Busoni" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
56cff536234ae51400d9c165
Frédéric_Chopin
The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements.
How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in?
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
56cff536234ae51400d9c166
Frédéric_Chopin
The Op. 58 sonata is closer to the German tradition, including many passages of complex counterpoint, "worthy of Brahms" according to the music historians Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson.
What two people claimed that Op 58 was "worthy of Brahms"?
{ "text": [ "Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
56d39ed559d6e41400146825
Frédéric_Chopin
The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements.
How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58?
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
56d39ed559d6e41400146826
Frédéric_Chopin
The last movement, a brief (75-bar) perpetuum mobile in which the hands play in unmodified octave unison throughout, was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries, including Schumann.
Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann?
{ "text": [ "The last movement" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d39ed559d6e41400146827
Frédéric_Chopin
The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements.
According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms?
{ "text": [ "Op. 58" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
56cff5a8234ae51400d9c173
Frédéric_Chopin
Chord progressions sometimes anticipate the shifting tonality of later composers such as Claude Debussy, as does Chopin's use of modal harmony.
Chopin's chord progressions are similar in style to what other composer?
{ "text": [ "Claude Debussy" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
56d39fa059d6e41400146831
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from his keyboard improvisation technique.
What likely arose due to Chopin's technique with keyboards?
{ "text": [ "harmonic innovations" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d39fa059d6e41400146832
Frédéric_Chopin
Temperley says that in his works "novel harmonic effects frequently result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment", and cadences are delayed by the use of chords outside the home key (neapolitan sixths and diminished sevenths), or by sudden shifts to remote...
Who wrote about Chopin's "novel harmonic effects"?
{ "text": [ "Temperley" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56cff635234ae51400d9c184
Frédéric_Chopin
His style was based extensively on his use of very independent finger technique.
What was Chopin's style based upon?
{ "text": [ "independent finger technique" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }
56d3a0d159d6e41400146835
Frédéric_Chopin
In 1841, Léon Escudier wrote of a recital given by Chopin that year, "One may say that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition.
Who wrote about a Chopin 1841 recital?
{ "text": [ "Léon Escudier" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c191
Frédéric_Chopin
Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937).
According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?
{ "text": [ "Karol Szymanowski" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c192
Frédéric_Chopin
Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as ...
Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?
{ "text": [ "national modes and idioms" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c193
Frédéric_Chopin
Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as ...
Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?
{ "text": [ "Nikolai Zverev" ], "answer_start": [ 370 ] }
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc8
Frédéric_Chopin
Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937).
Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?
{ "text": [ "Karol Szymanowski" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc9
Frédéric_Chopin
Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as ...
Who was devoted to the music of Chopin?
{ "text": [ "Alexander Scriabin" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dca
Frédéric_Chopin
Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as ...
Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?
{ "text": [ "Nikolai Zverev" ], "answer_start": [ 370 ] }
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a3
Frédéric_Chopin
Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique.
Who wrote that the current large concert style conflicts with Chopin's preference of intimate performances?
{ "text": [ "Jonathan Bellman" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a4
Frédéric_Chopin
The composer himself said to a pupil that "concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art." Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as "always crescendo to a hig...
What did Chopin tend to avoid?
{ "text": [ "rigid procedures" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a5
Frédéric_Chopin
The composer himself said to a pupil that "concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art." Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as "always crescendo to a hig...
What has been falsely credited to Chopin?
{ "text": [ "\"always crescendo to a high note\"" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
56d3a1e959d6e41400146841
Frédéric_Chopin
The composer himself said to a pupil that "concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art." Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as "always crescendo to a hig...
What did Chopin tell a student is given up in concerts?
{ "text": [ "hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }
56d3a1e959d6e41400146842
Frédéric_Chopin
Berlioz wrote in 1853 that Chopin "has created a kind of chromatic embroidery ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ... virtually nobody but Chopin himself can play this music and give it this unusual turn".
Who wrote about Chopin's "chromatic embroidery"?
{ "text": [ "Berlioz" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d3a1e959d6e41400146843
Frédéric_Chopin
Hiller wrote that "What in the hands of others was elegant embellishment, in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers."
Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a "colorful wreath of flowers"?
{ "text": [ "Hiller" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56cff885234ae51400d9c1b3
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect".
Chopin's compositions are often played with what?
{ "text": [ "rubato" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
56cff885234ae51400d9c1b4
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect".
What does rubato mean?
{ "text": [ "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
56d3a2cd59d6e41400146849
Frédéric_Chopin
Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect".
In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called?
{ "text": [ "rubato" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
56d3a2cd59d6e4140014684a
Frédéric_Chopin
Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas ... It is probable that Chopin used the older form of rubato so important to Mozart ... [where] the melody note in the right hand is delayed until after the note in the bass ... An allied form of this ru...
What type of Chopin's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to Charles Rosen?
{ "text": [ "mazurkas" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }