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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    ArrowNotImplementedError
Message:      Cannot write struct type 'target_to_reference_mapping' with no child field to Parquet. Consider adding a dummy child field.
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1594, in _prepare_split_single
                  writer.write(example)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 599, in write
                  self.write_examples_on_file()
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 572, in write_examples_on_file
                  self.write_batch(batch_examples=batch_examples)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 662, in write_batch
                  self.write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 673, in write_table
                  self._build_writer(inferred_schema=pa_table.schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 714, in _build_writer
                  self.pa_writer = pq.ParquetWriter(
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/parquet/core.py", line 1070, in __init__
                  self.writer = _parquet.ParquetWriter(
                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "pyarrow/_parquet.pyx", line 2363, in pyarrow._parquet.ParquetWriter.__cinit__
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowNotImplementedError: Cannot write struct type 'target_to_reference_mapping' with no child field to Parquet. Consider adding a dummy child field.
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1608, in _prepare_split_single
                  num_examples, num_bytes = writer.finalize()
                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 685, in finalize
                  self.write_examples_on_file()
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 572, in write_examples_on_file
                  self.write_batch(batch_examples=batch_examples)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 662, in write_batch
                  self.write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 673, in write_table
                  self._build_writer(inferred_schema=pa_table.schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 714, in _build_writer
                  self.pa_writer = pq.ParquetWriter(
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/parquet/core.py", line 1070, in __init__
                  self.writer = _parquet.ParquetWriter(
                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "pyarrow/_parquet.pyx", line 2363, in pyarrow._parquet.ParquetWriter.__cinit__
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowNotImplementedError: Cannot write struct type 'target_to_reference_mapping' with no child field to Parquet. Consider adding a dummy child field.
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1342, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 907, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1438, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1617, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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camera.json
dict
depth.npy
list
metadata.json
dict
rgb.png
image
__key__
string
__url__
string
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":23.514734268188477,"y":335.0672912597656,"z":2.4354076385498047}(...TRUNCATED)
[[12.57437515258789,12.591362953186035,12.608409881591797,12.625456809997559,12.642562866210938,12.6(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_000
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":23.669565200805664,"y":335.0436706542969,"z":2.4354076385498047}(...TRUNCATED)
[[12.55858039855957,12.575567245483398,12.592555046081543,12.609601974487305,12.626708030700684,12.6(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_001
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":23.8218936920166,"y":335.01971435546875,"z":2.4354076385498047},(...TRUNCATED)
[[12.576759338378906,12.593806266784668,12.610913276672363,12.628079414367676,12.645245552062988,12.(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_002
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":23.97096824645996,"y":335.0,"z":2.4354076385498047},"rotation":{(...TRUNCATED)
[[12.994945526123047,13.012707710266113,13.03046989440918,13.04829216003418,13.066173553466797,13.08(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_003
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":24.12386703491211,"y":334.9820251464844,"z":2.4354076385498047},(...TRUNCATED)
[[12.96889877319336,12.965560913085938,12.962162971496582,12.958765983581543,12.955428123474121,12.9(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_004
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":24.26593780517578,"y":334.9637756347656,"z":2.4354076385498047},(...TRUNCATED)
[[12.707234382629395,12.712360382080078,12.72994327545166,12.747467041015625,12.76511001586914,12.78(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_005
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":24.41255760192871,"y":334.94879150390625,"z":2.4354076385498047}(...TRUNCATED)
[[12.747109413146973,12.764752388000488,12.782455444335938,12.800217628479004,12.818038940429688,12.(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_006
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":24.552791595458984,"y":334.93328857421875,"z":2.4354076385498047(...TRUNCATED)
[[12.805224418640137,12.823105812072754,12.840987205505371,12.858927726745605,12.876928329467773,12.(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_007
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":24.689586639404297,"y":334.9211120605469,"z":2.4354076385498047}(...TRUNCATED)
[[13.36461353302002,13.383389472961426,13.40222454071045,13.42111873626709,13.440073013305664,13.459(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_008
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
{"carla_transform":{"location":{"x":24.830116271972656,"y":334.90972900390625,"z":2.4354076385498047(...TRUNCATED)
[[13.417125701904297,13.436079978942871,13.455093383789062,13.474166870117188,13.493300437927246,13.(...TRUNCATED)
{"actor_type":"pedestrian","config":{"camera":{"fov":90.0,"height":704,"width":1280},"capture":{"fps(...TRUNCATED)
pedestrian_2_20260214_153441_ped00_009
"hf://datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped@adaf8116899acd1744976f3152f1260f1a63009b/Town01/pedestrian/c(...TRUNCATED)
End of preview.

CARLA Stage 2 Pedestrian Dataset

A large-scale driving dataset (Stage 2) focused on pedestrians, captured from CARLA simulator. This dataset contains RGB images and depth maps with camera parameters, specifically tracking pedestrian movements.

Tar File Structure

This dataset is stored in WebDataset format for efficient streaming and loading.

Sharding Strategy

  • 2 scenes per shard: Each .tar file contains exactly 2 complete scenes
  • 200 frames per scene: Each scene is a video sequence of 200 consecutive frames
  • ~400 frames per tar: 2 scenes Γ— 200 frames = 400 frames per shard

Repository Structure

carla-dataset-ped/
β”œβ”€β”€ Town01/
β”‚   └── pedestrian/
β”‚       β”œβ”€β”€ carla-stage2-000000.tar  ← Scenes 1-2
β”‚       β”œβ”€β”€ carla-stage2-000001.tar  ← Scenes 3-4
β”‚       └── ...
β”œβ”€β”€ Town02/
β”‚   └── ...
β”œβ”€β”€ Town03/
β”‚   └── ...
β”œβ”€β”€ Town04/
β”‚   └── ...
β”œβ”€β”€ Town05/
β”‚   └── ...
└── Town06/
    └── ...

Shard Contents (WebDataset format)

Each tar file contains samples with the following files per frame:

{scene_id}_{frame_idx:03d}.rgb.png        ← RGB image (1280Γ—704)
{scene_id}_{frame_idx:03d}.depth.npy      ← Depth map (numpy array, 704Γ—1280)
{scene_id}_{frame_idx:03d}.camera.json    ← Camera parameters + matched reference frames
{scene_id}_{frame_idx:03d}.metadata.json  ← Scene info (scene_id, frame_id, town, actor_type)

Key Format: {scene_id}_{frame_idx:03d} (e.g., scene_001_000, scene_001_001, ..., scene_001_199)

Data Format

Each sample contains:

  • rgb: PIL.Image (1280Γ—704) - RGB image
  • depth: np.ndarray (704, 1280) - Depth map
  • camera: dict containing:
    • intrinsic: Camera intrinsic matrix
    • extrinsic: Camera extrinsic matrix
    • matched_references: List of reference image IDs accumulated along the trajectory
  • metadata: dict containing:
    • scene_id: Unique scene identifier
    • frame_id: Frame index within the scene (0-199)
    • town: CARLA town name (Town01-Town06)
    • actor_type: Type of actor being followed ("pedestrian")

Camera JSON with Reference Frame Mapping

Each camera.json contains camera parameters and matched reference frames:

{
  "intrinsic": { ... },
  "extrinsic": { ... },
  "carla_transform": { ... },
  "matched_references": ["subset_0/0001", "subset_0/0042", "subset_0/0083"]
}

Reference Accumulation: As the camera moves through the scene, reference frames are accumulated to allow each target frame to know which reference images are relevant based on position and viewing angle.


Dataset Statistics

CARLA Stage2 Dataset Statistics (Pedestrian Only)

Town Mode Scenes Images Avg Images/Scene
Town01 pedestrian 480 96,000 200.0
Town01 TOTAL 480 96,000 200.0
Town02 pedestrian 488 97,600 200.0
Town02 TOTAL 488 97,600 200.0
Town03 pedestrian 480 96,000 200.0
Town03 TOTAL 480 96,000 200.0
Town04 pedestrian 490 98,000 200.0
Town04 TOTAL 490 98,000 200.0
Town05 pedestrian 480 96,000 200.0
Town05 TOTAL 480 96,000 200.0
Town06 pedestrian 490 98,000 200.0
Town06 TOTAL 490 98,000 200.0

Grand Total

Metric Value
Total Scenes 2,908
Total Images 581,600
Towns 6 (Town01-06)

Example Usage

Installation

pip install datasets torch pillow numpy webdataset

Basic Usage with webdataset

import webdataset as wds
import json
import numpy as np
import io

# Stream dataset from HuggingFace
url = "https://huggingface.co/datasets/mkxdxd/carla-dataset-ped/resolve/main/Town01/pedestrian/{carla-stage2-000000..carla-stage2-000010}.tar"

dataset = wds.WebDataset(url).decode("pil")

for sample in dataset:
    key = sample["__key__"]
    rgb = sample["rgb.png"]           # PIL.Image (1280x704)
    depth = np.load(io.BytesIO(sample["depth.npy"]))  # numpy array (704x1280)
    camera = json.loads(sample["camera.json"])        # dict
    metadata = json.loads(sample["metadata.json"])    # dict
    
    print(f"Key: {key}")
    print(f"RGB size: {rgb.size}")
    print(f"Depth shape: {depth.shape}")
    print(f"Scene: {metadata['scene_id']}, Town: {metadata['town']}")
    break

Dataset generated from CARLA Simulator

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