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Rectal bleeding, see Bleeding from the bottom (rectal bleeding) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bleeding-from-the-bottom-rectal-bleeding/ | A small amount of one-off bleeding from the bottom is not usually a serious problem. But a GP can check.
Check if you're bleeding from the bottom
You might be bleeding from the bottom if you have:blood on your toilet paperred streaks on the outside of your poopink water in the toilet bowlblood in your poo or bloody di... |
Rectal cancer, see Bowel cancer | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-cancer/ | What is bowel cancer?
Symptoms
Causes
Tests and next steps
Treatment
Help and support |
Rectal examination | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rectal-examination/ | Why a rectal examination is done
You may need a rectal examination to:help find out why you're having symptoms such as bleeding from your bottom, pain, constipation or problems with peeingcheck for conditions that affect your bottom such as piles (haemorrhoids)check for lumps or swelling in your anus or rectum that cou... |
Red blood cell count | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/red-blood-count/ | A red blood cell (RBC) count is a blood test that tells you how many red blood cells you have. Red blood cells contain a substance called haemoglobin, which transports oxygen around the body. The amount of oxygen that's delivered to your body's tissues depends on the number of red blood cells you have and how well they... |
Red eye | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/red-eye/ | A red eye is usually nothing to worry about and often gets better on its own. But sometimes it can be serious and you'll need to get medical help.
Common causes of a red eye
Lots of different things can cause a red eye. Your symptoms might give you an idea of what's causing it.
Common causes of red eyes and related s... |
Reflux in babies | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/reflux-in-babies/ | Reflux is when a baby brings up milk, or is sick, during or shortly after feeding. It's very common and usually gets better on its own.
Check if your baby has reflux
Reflux usually starts before a baby is 8 weeks old and gets better by the time they're 1. Symptoms of reflux in babies include:bringing up milk or being ... |
Renal cancer, see Kidney cancer | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-cancer/ | What is kidney cancer?
Symptoms
Causes
Tests and next steps
Treatment
Help and support |
Repetitive strain injury (RSI) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/repetitive-strain-injury-rsi/ | Repetitive strain injury (RSI) is a term sometimes used for pain caused by repeated movement of part of the body. It often gets better on its own, but there are things you can do to help speed up your recovery.
Check if it's repetitive strain injury (RSI)
You can get repetitive strain injury (RSI) in many parts of the... |
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv/ | Who's at risk from RSV
RSV infections are very common. Almost all children get them at least once before they're 2 years old. They're not usually serious, but some babies and adults have a higher risk of getting seriously ill, particularly:babies under 6 months oldyoung children who were born prematurelyadults over 75 ... |
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/respiratory-tract-infection/ | Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections of parts of the body involved in breathing, such as the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. Most RTIs get better without treatment, but sometimes you may need to see a GP.
Check if you have an RTISymptoms of an RTI include:a cough – you may bring up mucus (phlegm)sneez... |
Restless legs syndrome | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/ | Restless legs syndrome, also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a common condition of the nervous system that causes an overwhelming irresistible urge to move the legs.
Symptoms of restless legs syndrome
The main symptom of restless legs syndrome is an overwhelming urge to move your legs. It can also cause an unpleasan... |
Restricted growth (dwarfism) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/restricted-growth/ | Restricted growth, sometimes known as dwarfism, is a condition characterised by unusually short height. There are 2 main types of restricted growth:proportionate short stature (PSS) – a general lack of growth in the body, arms and legsdisproportionate short stature (DSS) – where the arms and legs are particularly short... |
Retinal detachment, see Detached retina (retinal detachment) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/detached-retina-retinal-detachment/ | A detached retina is when the thin layer at the back of your eye (retina) becomes loose. It needs to be treated quickly to stop it permanently affecting your sight.
Check if you have a detached retina
Symptoms of a detached retina include:floaters (dots and lines) or flashes of light in your eyea dark "curtain" or sha... |
Retinal migraine | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine/ | Retinal migraines are a type of migraine that affect the eyes. They can cause temporary vision loss in 1 eye and other eye symptoms. Retinal migraines are less common than other types of migraine.
Check if it's a retinal migraine
Retinal migraines usually affect 1 eye. They often come on suddenly and symptoms include:... |
Retinoblastoma | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/retinoblastoma/ | What is retinoblastoma?
Symptoms
Causes
Tests and next steps
Treatment
Help and support |
Rett syndrome | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rett-syndrome/ | Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects brain development, resulting in severe mental and physical disability. It's estimated to affect around 1 in 10,000 girls born each year and is only rarely seen in boys.
Signs and symptoms
Some children with Rett syndrome are affected more severely than others. Also... |
Reye's syndrome | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/reyes-syndrome/ | Reye's syndrome is a very rare condition that can affect children or young adults after they've had an illness like flu or chickenpox. It can cause serious brain problems if it's not treated quickly.
Check if it's Reye's syndrome
Symptoms of Reye's syndrome often start 1 to 3 weeks after a child recovers from a virus ... |
Rhesus disease | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rhesus-disease/ | Rhesus disease is a condition where antibodies in a pregnant woman's blood destroy her baby's blood cells. It's also known as haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN). Rhesus disease doesn't harm the mother, but it can cause the baby to become anaemic and develop newborn jaundice. Read about the symptoms of ... |
Rheumatic fever | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rheumatic-fever/ | Rheumatic fever is a very rare complication that can develop after a bacterial throat infection. It can cause painful joints and heart problems. Most people make a full recovery, but it can come back.
How rheumatic fever is treated
If you or your child are diagnosed with rheumatic fever, you'll have treatment to relie... |
Rheumatoid arthritis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/ | Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term condition that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints. The condition usually affects the hands, feet and wrists. There may be periods where symptoms become worse, known as flare-ups or flares. A flare can be difficult to predict, but with treatment it's possible to decreas... |
Rhinitis (allergic), see Allergic rhinitis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/allergic-rhinitis/ | Allergic rhinitis is where your nose gets irritated by something you're allergic to, such as pollen, causing sneezing and other symptoms. For most people it's easy to treat with medicines from a pharmacist.
Check if it's allergic rhinitis
Common symptoms of allergic rhinitis are similar to a cold and include:sneezinga... |
Rickets and osteomalacia | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rickets-and-osteomalacia/ | Rickets is a condition that affects bone development in children. It causes bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can lead to bone deformities. Adults can experience a similar condition, which is known as osteomalacia or soft bones. Read more about the signs and symptoms of rickets and osteomalacia.
What ca... |
Ringworm | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ringworm/ | Ringworm is a common fungal infection. It's not caused by worms. You can usually buy medicine from a pharmacy to treat it.
Check if it's ringworm
The main symptom of ringworm is a rash. It may look red or darker than the surrounding skin, depending on your skin tone. The rash may be scaly, dry, swollen or itchy. Ringw... |
Root canal treatment | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/root-canal-treatment/ | Root canal treatment (endodontics) is a dental procedure used to treat infection at the centre of a tooth. Root canal treatment is not painful and can save a tooth that might otherwise have to be removed completely.
Why it's neededThe infection at the centre of a tooth (the root canal) is caused by bacteria that live ... |
Rosacea | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rosacea/ | Rosacea is a long-term skin condition that mainly affects the face. It's more common in women and people with lighter skin, but symptoms can be worse in men. Treatment can help with symptoms.
Check if you have rosacea
The first signs of rosacea include:redness (blushing) across your nose, cheeks, forehead, chin, neck ... |
Roseola | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/roseola/ | Roseola is a very common infection that mainly affects babies and toddlers. It usually causes a high temperature and a rash. You can normally look after your child at home and they should recover within a week.
Check if your child has roseola
If your child has roseola, at first they may have:a sudden high temperaturec... |
Roundworm, see Worms in humans | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/worms-in-humans/ | Some types of worms can infect people. Some can be caught in the UK and others are only caught abroad. Most worm infections are not serious and can be easily treated with medicine.
A pharmacist can help with worm infections
A pharmacist can help if you have:small, white worms in your poo that look like pieces of threa... |
RSV, see Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv/ | Who's at risk from RSV
RSV infections are very common. Almost all children get them at least once before they're 2 years old. They're not usually serious, but some babies and adults have a higher risk of getting seriously ill, particularly:babies under 6 months oldyoung children who were born prematurelyadults over 75 ... |
Rubella (german measles) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rubella/ | Rubella (german measles) is a rare illness that causes a spotty rash. It usually gets better in about a week, but it can be serious if you get it when you're pregnant.
Check if you or your child have rubella
The main symptom of rubella is a spotty rash that starts on the face or behind the ears and spreads to the neck... |
Salivary gland stones | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/salivary-gland-stones/ | Salivary gland stones are small stones that form in salivary glands in your mouth and can block the flow of saliva (spit). They're not usually serious and you may be able to remove them yourself.
Check if you've got salivary gland stones
Most salivary gland stones form below your tongue in one of the glands supplying ... |
Sarcoidosis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sarcoidosis/ | Sarcoidosis is a rare condition that causes small patches of swollen tissue, called granulomas, to develop in the organs of the body. It often affects the lungs and lymph nodes, and can also affect your skin. The symptoms of sarcoidosis depend on which organs are affected, but typically include:tender bumps on the skin... |
Scabies | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/scabies/ | Scabies is an itchy rash caused by mites. It’s spread through close skin contact, and anyone can get it. It should be treated quickly to stop it spreading.
Check if it's scabies
The symptoms of scabies are:intense itching, especially at nighta raised rash or spotsThe spots may look red. They are more difficult to see ... |
Scarlet fever | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/scarlet-fever/ | Scarlet fever is a contagious infection that mostly affects young children. It's easily treated with antibiotics.
Check if you have scarlet fever
The first signs of scarlet fever can be flu-like symptoms, including a high temperature, a sore throat and swollen neck glands (a large lump on the side of your neck). A ras... |
Scars | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/scars/ | A scar is a mark on the skin after a wound or injury has healed. You cannot get rid of a scar, but most will fade over time. This can take up to 2 years or more, but there are some things you can do to help it heal or improve how it looks.
Things you can do if you have a scar
There are some things you can do to help m... |
Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/schistosomiasis/ | Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is an infection caused by a parasitic worm that lives in fresh water in subtropical and tropical regions. The parasite is most commonly found throughout Africa, but also lives in parts of South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East and Asia. Travel Health Pro has a map of whe... |
Sciatica | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sciatica/ | Sciatica is where the sciatic nerve, which runs from your lower back to your feet, is irritated or compressed. It usually gets better in 4 to 6 weeks but can last longer.
Check if you have sciatica
If you have sciatica, your:bottomback of your legfoot and toesmay feel:painful – the pain may be stabbing, burning or sho... |
Scleroderma | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/scleroderma/ | Scleroderma is the name for a range of conditions that affect your immune system (autoimmune conditions) and can cause hard, thickened areas of skin and sometimes problems with muscles, bones, internal organs and blood vessels. The two main types of scleroderma are:localised scleroderma (morphoea) – this mostly affects... |
Scoliosis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/scoliosis/ | Scoliosis is where the spine twists and curves to the side. It can affect people of any age, from babies to adults, but most often starts in children aged 10 to 15. Scoliosis can improve with treatment, but it is not usually a sign of anything serious and treatment is not always needed if it's mild.
Symptoms of scolio... |
Scurvy | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/scurvy/ | Scurvy (severe vitamin C deficiency) is rare as most people get enough vitamin C in their diet. It's usually easy to treat.
Causes of scurvy
Scurvy is caused by not having enough vitamin C in your diet over a long period of time. Vitamin C is mainly found in fruit and vegetables. However, even people who do not eat ve... |
Seizures (children with fever), see Febrile seizures | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/febrile-seizures/ | A febrile seizure (febrile convulsion or fit) can sometimes happen when a child has a high temperature. It's not usually serious, but it's important to get medical help if your child has a seizure. A febrile seizure can seem frightening, but it's unlikely to harm your child or cause long-term effects.
Check if it's a ... |
Seizures (fits), see What to do if someone has a seizure (fit) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/what-to-do-if-someone-has-a-seizure-fit/ | If you see someone having a seizure or fit, there are some simple things you can do to help. It might be scary to witness, but do not panic. If you're with someone having a seizure:only move them if they're in danger, such as near a busy road or hot cookercushion their head if they're on the groundloosen any tight clot... |
Sense of smell (lost/changed), see Lost or changed sense of smell | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lost-or-changed-sense-smell/ | A change in your sense of smell can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it's not usually serious and may get better in a few weeks or months.
Causes of lost or changed sense of smell
Changes in sense of smell are most often caused by:illnesses such as a cold, flu or COVID-19sinusitis (sinus infection)an all... |
Sepsis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sepsis/ | Check if it's sepsis
Sepsis is life threatening. It can be hard to spot. There are lots of possible symptoms. They can be like symptoms of other conditions, including flu or a chest infection. If you think you or someone you look after has symptoms of sepsis, call 999 or go to A&E. Trust your instincts.
Immediate acti... |
Septic arthritis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/septic-arthritis/ | Septic arthritis is a serious type of joint infection. It should be treated as soon as possible. You can make a full recovery with treatment but if left untreated it can be more serious.
Urgent advice: Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:
you have severe joint pain, usually in just 1 joint, t... |
Septicaemia, see Sepsis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sepsis/ | Check if it's sepsis
Sepsis is life threatening. It can be hard to spot. There are lots of possible symptoms. They can be like symptoms of other conditions, including flu or a chest infection. If you think you or someone you look after has symptoms of sepsis, call 999 or go to A&E. Trust your instincts.
Immediate acti... |
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/ | Check if it's a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
Symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) can include:an unusual discharge from your vagina, penis or anuspain when peeinglumps or skin growths around your genitals or bottom (anus)a rashunusual vaginal bleedingitchy genitals or anusblisters, sores or warts ... |
Shaking, see Tremor or shaking hands | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tremor-or-shaking-hands/ | A tremor is when you're not able to control shaking or trembling in part of your body. See a GP if a tremor is affecting your life as treatment may help to reduce it.
When a tremor is normal
It's normal to have a slight tremor. For example, if you hold your hands or arms out in front of you, they will not be completel... |
Shin pain (shin splints), see Shin splints | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shin-splints/ | Shin splints is a type of shin pain, usually caused by exercise. It's not serious and there are things you can do to help get better.
Check if you have shin splints
Shin splints usually happen when you do exercise like running. You'll have pain and tenderness along the front of your lower leg (shin).
Things you can d... |
Shin splints | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shin-splints/ | Shin splints is a type of shin pain, usually caused by exercise. It's not serious and there are things you can do to help get better.
Check if you have shin splints
Shin splints usually happen when you do exercise like running. You'll have pain and tenderness along the front of your lower leg (shin).
Things you can d... |
Shingles | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shingles/ | Shingles is an infection that causes a painful rash. Get advice from 111 as soon as possible if you think you have it.
Check if you have shingles
The first signs of shingles can be:a tingling or painful feeling in an area of skina headache or feeling generally unwellA rash will usually appear a few days later. In rare... |
Short-sightedness (myopia) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/short-sightedness/ | Short-sightedness (myopia) is a very common eye condition where you cannot see objects far away clearly. It's usually corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
Signs of short-sightedness
Short-sightedness usually starts in children from age 6 to 13. It can also happen in adults. Signs you or your child may be short-si... |
Shortness of breath | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shortness-of-breath/ | Shortness of breath might not be anything to worry about, but sometimes it can be serious and you'll need to get medical help.
Immediate action required: Call 999 or go to A&E immediately if:
you have severe difficulty breathing – you’re gasping, choking or not able to get words outyour chest feels tight or heavyyou ... |
Shoulder impingement | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shoulder-impingement-syndrome/ | Shoulder impingement is a very common cause of shoulder pain, where a tendon (band of tissue) inside your shoulder rubs or catches on nearby tissue and bone as you lift your arm. It affects the rotator cuff tendon, which is the rubbery tissue that connects the muscles around your shoulder joint to the top of your arm. ... |
Shoulder pain | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shoulder-pain/ | You can usually do things to ease shoulder pain yourself. See a GP if it does not start feeling better after 2 weeks.
How to ease shoulder pain yourself
You usually need to do these things for 2 weeks before shoulder pain starts to ease. It can take 6 months or longer to recover from shoulder pain.
Do
stay active an... |
Sick building syndrome | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sick-building-syndrome/ | Sick building syndrome is the name for symptoms you get while you're in a particular building. It usually happens in an office, but you can get it in any building.
Check if you have sick building syndrome
Symptoms of sick building syndrome get worse the longer you're in a particular building and get better after you l... |
Sickle cell disease | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sickle-cell-disease/ | Sickle cell disease is the name for a group of inherited health conditions that affect the red blood cells. The most serious type is called sickle cell anaemia. Sickle cell disease is particularly common in people with an African or Caribbean family background. People with sickle cell disease produce unusually shaped r... |
Silicosis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/silicosis/ | Silicosis is a long-term lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline silica dust, usually over many years. Silica is a substance naturally found in certain types of stone, rock, sand and clay. Working with these materials can create a very fine dust that can be easily inhaled. Once inside the lungs, it... |
Sinus cancer, see Nasal and sinus cancer | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasal-and-sinus-cancer/ | Nasal and sinus cancer is a rare cancer that affects the nasal cavity (the space behind your nose) and the sinuses (small air-filled cavities inside your nose, cheekbones and forehead). Nasal and sinus cancer is different from cancer of the area where the nose and throat connect. This is called nasopharyngeal cancer.
... |
Sinusitis (sinus infection) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sinusitis-sinus-infection/ | Sinusitis is swelling of the sinuses, usually caused by an infection. It's common and usually clears up on its own within 4 weeks. But medicines can help if it's taking a long time to go away.
Check if it's sinusitis
Sinusitis is common after a cold or flu. The main symptoms of sinusitis include:pain, swelling and ten... |
Sinusitis, see Sinusitis (sinus infection) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sinusitis-sinus-infection/ | Sinusitis is swelling of the sinuses, usually caused by an infection. It's common and usually clears up on its own within 4 weeks. But medicines can help if it's taking a long time to go away.
Check if it's sinusitis
Sinusitis is common after a cold or flu. The main symptoms of sinusitis include:pain, swelling and ten... |
Sjögren's syndrome | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sjogrens-syndrome/ | Sjögren's (pronounced show-grins) syndrome is a condition that affects parts of the body that produce fluids, like tears and spit (saliva). It usually starts in people aged 40 to 60 and is much more common in women than men. It's a long-term condition that can affect your daily life, but there are treatments to help re... |
Skin abscess | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/skin-abscess/ | A skin abscess is a painful lump on the skin that contains pus. Some abscesses go away by themselves, but you may need to get treatment from a GP.
Check if you have a skin abscess
A skin abscess is a lump or swelling on your skin that contains pus. There are different types and they can appear anywhere on your body. A... |
Skin cancer (melanoma), see Melanoma skin cancer | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/melanoma-skin-cancer/ | Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can spread to other areas of the body. The main cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light, which comes from the sun and is used in sunbeds. Things that increase your chances of getting melanoma include your age and having pale skin, a large number of moles and a family history of ski... |
Skin cyst | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/skin-cyst/ | Skin cysts are round lumps, often filled with fluid or pus. They're usually harmless and often do not need treatment. But see a GP if you have an unexplained lump.
Check if it's a skin cyst
Skin cysts:are round lumps just underneath the skinoften contain fluid or pussometimes have a small, dark spot in the middlegrow ... |
Skin tags | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/skin-tags/ | Skin tags are soft, skin-coloured growths on the skin. They are very common and are usually small and harmless.
Check if it's a skin tag
Skin tags are usually the same colour as the rest of your skin, or a little darker. They can look like they're hanging off the skin. They do not usually hurt and are normally harmles... |
Slapped cheek syndrome | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/ | Check if it's slapped cheek syndrome
The first sign of slapped cheek syndrome is usually feeling unwell for a few days. Symptoms may include:a high temperaturea runny nose and sore throata headache
A red rash may appear on 1 or both cheeks. Adults do not usually get the rash on their face.
Credit: SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRA... |
Sleep apnoea | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sleep-apnoea/ | Sleep apnoea is when your breathing stops and starts while you sleep. The most common type is called obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Sleep apnoea needs to be treated because it can lead to more serious problems.
Check if you have sleep apnoea
Symptoms of sleep apnoea mainly happen while you sleep. They include:breathi... |
Sleep paralysis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sleep-paralysis/ | Sleep paralysis is when you cannot move or speak as you are waking up or falling asleep. It can be scary but it's harmless and most people will only get it once or twice in their life.
What happens during sleep paralysis
During sleep paralysis you may feel:awake but cannot move, speak or open your eyeslike someone is ... |
Sleepwalking | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sleepwalking/ | Sleepwalking is when someone walks or carries out complex activities while not fully awake. It usually happens during a period of deep sleep. This peaks during the early part of the night, so sleepwalking tends to happen in the first few hours after falling asleep. Sleepwalking can start at any age but is more common i... |
Slipped disc | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/slipped-disc/ | Check if it's a slipped disc
A slipped disc can cause:lower back painnumbness or tingling in your shoulders, back, arms, hands, legs or feetneck painproblems bending or straightening your backmuscle weaknesspain in the buttocks, hips or legs if the disc is pressing on the sciatic nerve (sciatica)Not all slipped discs c... |
Smelly feet | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/smelly-feet/ | Smelly feet (bromodosis) are common and often caused by a build-up of sweat and bacteria. You can usually treat them yourself.
How to treat and prevent smelly feet yourself
Always keep your feet clean and dry, including between your toes.
Do
wash your feet at least once a day (use an antibacterial soap if you can)
... |
Smelly urine | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/smelly-urine/ | Smelly pee on its own is not usually a cause for concern. There are often things you can do to help your pee return to normal.
Common causes of smelly pee
Pee is usually clear or pale yellow, with a mild smell. Things that can often make your pee smell stronger include:certain types of food and drink, like asparagus o... |
Smoking (treatments to stop), see Stop smoking treatments | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stop-smoking-treatments/ | If you want to stop smoking, several different treatments are available from shops, pharmacies and on prescription to help you beat your addiction and reduce withdrawal symptoms. The best treatment for you will depend on your personal preference, your age, whether you're pregnant or breastfeeding and any medical condit... |
Snake bites | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/snake-bites/ | Most snake bites in the UK are not serious. But it's important to get all snake bites checked as soon as possible.
Immediate action required: Call 999 or go to A&E immediately if:
you think you, or someone else, has been bitten by a snake
Find your nearest A&E
Information:
Do not drive to A&E. Ask someone to drive ... |
Snoring | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/snoring/ | Snoring is very common and is not usually caused by anything serious. There are things that can help if it's a problem.
Things you can do to help you stop snoring
Simple lifestyle changes can help stop or reduce snoring.
Do
try to lose weight if you're overweight
sleep on your side – try taping or stitching a tenni... |
Soft tissue sarcoma | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma/ | What is soft tissue sarcoma?
Symptoms
Causes
Tests and next steps
Treatment
Help and support |
Soiling (child pooing their pants) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/soiling-child-pooing-their-pants/ | Soiling is when a child regularly poos their pants. If they're already potty-trained, the soiling is usually because they are badly constipated. Treatment from a GP can help.
Causes of soiling
You may feel angry or frustrated when your child keeps pooing their pants (soiling). But they are not doing it on purpose and ... |
Solar keratoses, see Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/actinic-keratoses/ | Actinic keratoses (also called solar keratoses) are dry, scaly patches of skin that have been damaged by the sun. It's not usually serious, but there's a small chance the patches could become skin cancer. Protecting your skin in the sun and watching out for changes can help.
Check if you have actinic keratoses
Actinic... |
Sore lips, see Sore or dry lips | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sore-or-dry-lips/ | Dry or sore lips are a common problem, especially during hot or cold weather. There are things you can try yourself that may help.
Things you can try if you have sore or dry lips
Do
use a lip balm containing petroleum jelly or beeswax – you can buy these at a pharmacy or supermarket
try a few different lip balms if... |
Sore or dry lips | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sore-or-dry-lips/ | Dry or sore lips are a common problem, especially during hot or cold weather. There are things you can try yourself that may help.
Things you can try if you have sore or dry lips
Do
use a lip balm containing petroleum jelly or beeswax – you can buy these at a pharmacy or supermarket
try a few different lip balms if... |
Sore or white tongue | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sore-or-white-tongue/ | A sore or white tongue is not usually serious and is often easily treated.
Things you can do if you have a sore or white tongue
Do
use a soft toothbrush to brush your teeth
brush your tongue or use a scraper to help improve a white tongue
use a straw to drink cool drinks
take paracetamol or ibuprofen
Don’t
do n... |
Sore throat | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sore-throat/ | How to treat a sore throat yourself
To help soothe a sore throat and shorten how long it lasts, you can:gargle with warm, salty water (children should not try this)drink plenty of watereat cool or soft foodsavoid smoking or smoky placessuck ice cubes, ice lollies or hard sweets – but do not give young children anything... |
Sperm count (low), see Low sperm count | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-sperm-count/ | Low sperm count is when there's a low amount of sperm in your semen. It can make it harder for you and your partner to get pregnant (conceive), but it may still be possible to conceive naturally and there are fertility treatments that can help. Low sperm count can happen in men of any age. It can affect anyone who has ... |
Spina bifida | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spina-bifida/ | Spina bifida is when a baby's spine and spinal cord does not develop properly in the womb, causing a gap in the spine. Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect. The neural tube is the structure that eventually develops into the baby's brain and spinal cord. The neural tube starts to form in early pregnancy and clos... |
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spinal-muscular-atrophy-sma/ | Symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
The symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) affect everyone differently, but can include:muscle weakness – such as floppy or weak arms and legsmovement problems – such as difficulty sitting up, crawling or walkingproblems with breathing or swallowingtwitching or shaking muscl... |
Spirometry | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spirometry/ | Spirometry is a simple test used to help diagnose and monitor certain lung conditions by measuring how much air you can breathe out in one forced breath. It's carried out using a device called a spirometer, which is a small machine attached by a cable to a mouthpiece. Spirometry may be performed by a nurse or doctor at... |
Spleen problems and spleen removal | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spleen-problems-and-spleen-removal/ | Some people are born without a spleen or need to have it removed because of illness or injury. The spleen is a fist-sized organ in the upper left side of your abdomen, next to your stomach and behind your left ribs. It's an important part of your immune system, but you can survive without it. This is because the liver ... |
Spondylolisthesis | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spondylolisthesis/ | Spondylolisthesis is where one of the bones in your spine, called a vertebra, slips forward. It can be painful, but there are treatments that can help. It may happen anywhere along the spine, but is most common in the lower back.
Check if you have spondylolisthesis
The main symptoms of spondylolisthesis include:pain i... |
Sprains and strains | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sprains-and-strains/ | Check if you have a sprain or strain
It's likely to be a sprain or strain if:you have pain, tenderness or weakness – usually around your ankle, foot, wrist, thumb, knee, leg or backthe injured area is swollen or bruisedyou cannot put weight on the injury or use it normallyyou have muscle spasms or cramping – where your... |
Squint | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/squint/ | A squint, also called strabismus, is where the eyes point in different directions. It's particularly common in young children, but can happen at any age. One of the eyes may turn in, out, up or down while the other eye looks ahead.
Credit: DR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/256627/v... |
Stammering | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stammering/ | Stammering, also sometimes referred to as stuttering, affects speech and is relatively common in childhood. It can also can persist into adulthood.
What is stammering?
Stammering is when:you repeat sounds or syllables – for example, saying "mu-mu-mu-mummy"you make sounds longer – for example, "mmmmmmummy"a word gets s... |
Staph infection | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/staphylococcal-infections/ | Staph infections are caused by bacteria called staphylococcus. They most often affect the skin. They can go away on their own, but sometimes they need to be treated with antibiotics.
Check if you have a staph skin infectionSymptoms of a staph skin infection can include:
A painful red lump or bump on the skin
This is... |
Statins | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/statins/ | Statins are a group of medicines that can help lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad cholesterol", and statins reduce the production of it inside the liver.
Why have I been offered statins?Having a high level of LDL cholesterol is potent... |
Stem cell and bone marrow transplants | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stem-cell-transplant/ | A stem cell or bone marrow transplant replaces damaged blood cells with healthy ones. It can be used to treat conditions affecting the blood cells, such as leukaemia and lymphoma. Stem cells are special cells produced by bone marrow (a spongy tissue found in the centre of some bones) that can turn into different types ... |
Stent insertion, see Coronary angioplasty and stent insertion | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-angioplasty/ | A coronary angioplasty is a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed coronary arteries (the main blood vessels supplying the heart). The term "angioplasty" means using a balloon to stretch open a narrowed or blocked artery. However, most modern angioplasty procedures also involve inserting a short wire mesh tube, ca... |
Steroid cream, see Topical corticosteroids | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/topical-steroids/ | Topical corticosteroids are a type of steroid medicine applied directly to the skin to reduce inflammation and irritation. Topical corticosteroids are available in several different forms, including:creamslotionsgelsmoussesointmentstapes and bandagessolutionsThey're available in 4 different strengths (potencies):mildmo... |
Steroid inhalers | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/steroid-inhalers/ | Steroid inhalers, also called corticosteroid inhalers, are anti-inflammatory sprays or powders that you breathe in. They're mainly used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Steroid inhalers are only available on prescription. Common types include:beclometasonebudesonidefluticasonemometasone... |
Steroid injections | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/steroid-injections/ | Steroid injections, also called corticosteroid injections, are anti-inflammatory medicines used to treat a range of conditions. They can be used to treat problems such as joint pain, arthritis, sciatica and inflammatory bowel disease. Steroid injections are only given by healthcare professionals. Common examples includ... |
Steroid misuse, see Anabolic steroid misuse | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/ | Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines that are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. If used in this way, they can cause serious side effects and addiction. Anabolic steroids are manufactured drugs that copy the effects of the male hormone testoster... |
Steroid nasal sprays | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/steroid-nasal-sprays/ | Steroid nasal sprays, also called corticosteroid nasal sprays, are anti-inflammatory medicines that you spray into your nose. They can be used to treat a range of conditions, including hay fever, sinusitis, non-allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps. Some steroid nasal sprays are available to buy from pharmacies and shops,... |
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