Split (1)

train · 180k rows

instruction stringlengths 24 29.9k
Can I get MAC addresses of devices (mobile phones) which are near to my network but not connected to it? (Linux) I have been trying to get the MAC addresses of devices connected to my network through nmap command... but how can I get devices which are not connected to my network?
I am interested in demonstrating an attack to my university's security team on IP phones installed at the university. The IP phone models are Siemens optipath410. Basically, using nmap, I identified a few IP phones on the network. The IP phone have the following ports open: https (443), telnet (21) and ssh (22). When I...
Does it actually help keep a site more secure to deny all access to WP admin and make changes directly on the FTP only? Our WP has been hacked twice now. It seems that everyone has a different idea on how to keep WP secure and as a part of the security services we received one of the consultants recommended blocking al...
Lots of sites these days, that don't deal with sensitive data, enable encryption. I think it's mostly to make (paranoid?) users feel safer. In cases where there is a user's account being logged in, their personal data accessed, I see how it can be useful. But what if I'm just reading a news site? Everyone has access to...
Sync, a new product from BitTorrent, Inc., has been cited as a viable alternative to other cloud-storage platforms. The Sync FAQ indicates that an encryption scheme is being used, but does not comment on specifics. Does there exist any information about the type of encryption that BitTorrent Sync is using, and whether ...
i just get an answer from IM+ (instant messenger client android app) support and they told me that my auto saved ICQ, Googletalk, YM passwords are encrypted using TLS, so i want to ask if i need to worry? I mean i cant use full disk encrayption on my old android so when i loose mobile what is the chance of someone be a...
SSL uses CAs which sign certificates for the domains after they validate that the person requesting is truly the owner and by a public/private key pair a encrypted connection is achieved which cant be decrypted by a MITM. Now thinking on the long run, if someone has control over your network all the time, after some ti...
When you look at currently used concept of Root CA (primarily in SSL/TLS context), you can see a single-point-of-failure vulnerability, which means, if your private key is disclosed, you automatically lose whole chain. Current State of Trust Chain topology Means, you start with one self signed certificate, declared as...
I work for an insurance company who will randomly (3-5 times per year) have a consumer who emails their credit card to our customer service department. We don't ask for the number, they just send it over to "expedite" their transaction. From a PCI-DSS perspective, how should this be handled by the customer service age...
This has been asked a bunch of times. I am just curious to see if the below code provides a fairly significant level of security. Are there any other cases I should consider? Below is just an example; please ignore any syntax problems; I'm looking for insight into the security aspect of the code. Few assumptions: If...
I have several programs (Emacs el-get, oh-my-zsh and Homebrew) that occasionally load source code from github and compile it on my machine. Is this a big security concern? What can I do to prevent malware getting on my machine this way?
I routinely get spam messages which state "Your account for [Insert game here] has been flagged. If you don't click this link/send us this info/go to this website in the next 72 hours, your account will be banned." I know that mails like this are pure spam, since the usual action the makers of these games do is ban fir...
I am working in the development of an application that have to download and parse this CPE file definition: http://static.nvd.nist.gov/feeds/xml/cpe/dictionary/official-cpe-dictionary_v2.3.xml My problem is the following one. Into some entry (of the XML file) I found something like this: <vuln:vulnerable-configuration ...
We have a Jenkins system that builds and PGP-signs software releases, and we are considering moving the signing component to an isolated VM instead of running it as part of the overall builder infrastructure -- in order to better isolate the private keys from all the other relatively public moving parts. A few develope...
I am completely new to SSL/TLS and would appreciate any help you guys could give me. To give you some background info, our company website is hosted externally by our ISP, however our email is redirected by our ISP to a mail server which is located at our offices. We use communigate pro. We have a customer who until re...
I have found a Username Enumeration Vulnerability through which I am able to determine whether a particular user is registered with that site. While trying to brute force, after 5 attempts it asks for a CAPTCHA code. I have tried several methods to bypass the CAPTCHA but I'm not able to bypass it. So, now the situation...
Say I have a piece software that allows people to download a trial version that can then be unlocked. Would the following steps below be an effective way to implement a key system for unlocking the software? User can download trial of the software. In order to purchase they need to go to the website and enter paymen...
I have email which is stored in Cookie : %2FGl%F8%7E%06%F1S%FEF%10%E0T%B3%95%82BK%D9%D3%94%BC%AE%E1 which is sth like this after convert it with this tool : http://www.tareeinternet.com/scripts/unescape.html /Glø~ñSþFàT³BKÙÓ¼®á Does anybody have an idea what kind of hash it might be? I know email address which is sto...
I see a lot of posts all over the web asking whether or not they should be using SSL to secure their website, or if it's really necessary to do so when the content of their site does not contain or request sensitive data. Let's make the assumption here that the cost of the certificate is not the issue, considering it's...
There is an app on xposed installer called XPrivacy for android that let's you decide what information you want your device to give a specific app and for information you don't want to give it produces and sends fake information and allows the user to continue useing the app without giving up the any information the ap...
I've tried to verify some vectors from OWASP XSS CheatSheet which exploits style attributes STYLE tag using background-image <STYLE>.XSS{background-image:url("javascript:alert('XSS')");}</STYLE><A CLASS=XSS></A> STYLE tag using background <STYLE type="text/css">BODY{background:url("javascript:alert('XSS')")}</STYLE> ...
Actually I have a case where I should able to detect the mobile phones and get some data about the device available in my network range without connecting to the network. I have seen somewhere that a smart-phone continuously transmits hello packets so that we can detect that device when it comes in our network. Can a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_twin_%28wireless_networks%29 My question: it's OK that someone can make an AP with the same MAC and SSID as the original AP. And with stronger signal. But what I don't understand is how can a rogue AP be configured in a way that will accept the password? (the password is for the orig...
I'm making a new mail protocol (probably already exists, but I've learnt a lot of things about security and privacy on the way). Here's the summary(much simpler if you know bitcoin's inner workings): Every user has a list of public and private keys. Every mail is in a file that every node has a copy of. users can send...
I am trying to find an updated book (preferably from 2012-2013) that can cover linux security aspects comprehensively. I searched on Amazon and found that most Linux security books are from back in 2001. The one I thought had practical contents (atleast from its table of contents) was Linux Security By Craig Hunt Can a...
We are currently developing a web app that allows users to upload files to act as attachments to information they provide. Obviously allowing users to upload any file types is very dangerous, therefore we're adding steps to stop certain files. Primarily exe and zip. But the thought has occurred that a user could simply...
In GSM networks, it is found that there are so many mobile phone messages (uplink) with the first octet 01000000. For example, the 28-octet message is: [64,32,238,176,168,33,236,7,11,43,43,43,43,43,43,43,43,43,43,43,43,43,43,236,40,175,214,203] (each octet is in decimal) I have no idea what these messages are? It seem...
Based on: https://security.stackexchange.com/a/33520/42220 and https://security.stackexchange.com/a/41630/42220 I can see the benefits of a completely random salt per user. If I am implementing an application that will only ever be used by one user per database, is there any point in having a randomly generated salt? ...
I registered for a webpage years ago and have been using it without issues, today I made some changes to my account and they sent me an email containing my username and password in clear text. I sent the company an email questioning their password handling procedures, but they claimed it was watertight. My question i...
If one steals someone's phone, he can easily use the password recovery mechanism to gain access to the person's Gmail account. Even if the victim had a alternative mail for a password recovery, the attacker can remove this mail address once he gains access to the account. Using Google's 2-step authentication will not h...
I got the question "Explain how one would typically detect systems vulnerable to “NULL Session” " ,but I do not know how to answer this question. Could you help me?
Say I have a client and a server. I want the user with the client to login to the server with a username and password combination. To login, they have to enter the right password which (when hashed) matches the details stored on my server. Where do I perform the hashing function on the password entered by the user? Sh...
I have an application where a code scanner has identified CRLF injection possibilities in some classes related to email generation. I understand how CRLF injection could be used against me on URL-based attacks, but google has been kinda silent on threats coming from email. Are we concerned with injecting different a...
We're using AES-CBC and HMAC to encrypt and authenticate our messages (using encrypt-then-authenticate method). Sometimes I see solutions (like this one) which are deriving encryption and authorization keys from single AES master key: Kenc = AES(Kmaster, P + "1") Kauth = AES(Kmaster, P + "2") Questions Is it somehow im...
Following from, What information is leaked from an OpenPGP encrypted file?, which was very helpful, I'd like to ask a similar question regarding symmetric encryption. For example, in a file encrypted with gpg -c --cipher-algo AES256 --armor -o file.asc file.txt Is the passphrase hash (with salt and iterations as spec...
I am looking for web services that allow clients to authenticate using digital signatures. Especially with e-commerce and payments, clients generally authenticate using name and password (sometimes using an additional factor). I'm looking for something entirely different: services where the client is authenticated by d...
Recently, I had my credit/debit card from my bank "stolen." The thieves somehow got my card number and information and took quite a bit of money from my account. Fortunately, I was able to recover it all. The whole process was stressful and time consuming. My account was frozen so I could not access my money, I had to...
I have these doubts regarding authentication in SSL/TLS : Will there be an authentication involved for all SSL connections ? For eg. when I browse the internet, using the most up-to-date browser, can I assume that there is always authentication involved ? From other questions I learnt that they are mostly to avoid a M...
Gmail was recently changed to require HTTPS for everyone, whether they want to use it or not. While I realize that HTTPS is more secure, what if one doesn't care about security for certain accounts? Some have criticized Google for being Evil by forcing them into a secure connection even if they don't want to be secure...
A relative of mine used a favorites link to login to yahoo. The favorite link is https://de.mg40.mail.yahoo.com/neo/launch? However, this link uses a fraudulent certificate. Visiting the Yahoo website was now (maybe 2 weeks ago) reported as insecure (you can try above link). However, when redirected from the main yaho...
Is there a difference between "security management" and "security engineering"? I read about security engineering in some places and security management in others, but I really can't find what the difference is between those.
Background: I'm building a .NET application, a very small part of this application allows for users to communicate with a third party application. I am designing this aspect. The third party simply needs the user name and expiry time (will likely be very short), because they have access to check, against our user store...
Is it possible via brute force to derive a private key from a public key (such as a website's SSL certificate)? If so, how much computing power would you need to make it feasible, compared to say, current supercomputers? I thought it involved factoring prime numbers, or a similar function that's easy to compute forward...
I'm developing a webserver that performs digital signatures of (xml, pdf and office) documents and then validates those signatures. My idea is: an user puts its SmartCard and through a PIN, he gets his private key. Then, the private key must be sent to the server, so that the server may sign the document with that key....
If a merchant sends an invalid card number to the bank, will the bank have to secure the information to be PCI compliant?
[S]ome passwords are gleaned by hacking into computers where intruders can find stored passwords. Those are stored in encrypted form, but there's software that can attack the encryption. Nearly all encrypted passwords are stored with the last character in clear text, warns NASA, so the last character is a thro...
I'm about to go online with my first web site, it is a small project hosted on a regular home PC running Windows 7. I want to keep the software footprint at minimum, so it only contains the operating system and the web server with the website files, no antivirus, no SQL, no nothing. And except for the network cable it ...
I'm trying to figure out if there is a way to be 100% sure that a GPG signature is valid. I'm not entirely sure how it all works, or the correct terminology, so forgive any lack of understanding. I was trying to understand chain of trust, how can you guarantee that any signature you receive is not modified? Take downl...
I have a friend who said he has a private exploit for all WordPress ran websites. I asked him to take down my private blog, to see if it is real. He couldn't do it. I tried to get some more information regarding it from him, and I did manage to do so. He says it does deal with wp-config. I asked if he has to deal with ...
I recently downloaded fuzzdb from http://code.google.com/p/fuzzdb/ and my antivirus kept on detecting some of the files as Trojans. I need to know if these files are safe?
While pointing out a SQL injection flaw on another question, I was able to show that an arbitrary sha1 hash could be inserted into a query such that it would be taken for a real hash, and was therefore able to login assuming the dummy hash was used. I could inject an ORDER BY but then wanted to make sure the hash I was...
Someone told me that if my device communicates with a server on Internet via VPN connection or HTTPS, all the contents that I have sent can be sniffed and decrypted by the UTM device (or more functional devices) in the LAN which I located at. In other words, administrator of the UTM device can easily get all he wants t...
It is clear that some big malls are tracking all the wifi-enabled mobile phones before they are connected to the network... How can this be done? I have a similar issue... how to get the MAC address of a mobile phone when it comes near my network but is not connected to it.
Why does the linux XRDP module use a 512 bit RSA key? 512 bit RSA keys are broken by now. How can this be safe?
After the Snowden revelations, is there any mass change being carried out to HTTPS protocol? As far as I understood, any HTTPS communication is still visible to NSA as they can compromise the RSA protocol. Is there any existing alternative of RSA that the government and multinational organizations (where confidentialit...
Well, I've been thinking about this for a while now. Within the last decade, we've used various ways to make our websites look dynamic and live. For example, in JavaScript, it's quite easy to send data to a remote server using AJAX, even easier with Websockets. Example for some malicious AJAX: xmlHttp = new XMLHttpR...
Someone gave me a link and asked me to open it, but I don't trust that guy. I'm not sure the link whether safe to open or not. I want to know if there a way to check the safety of the link? I have not clicked it yet. The link is http://37.46.80.128 I don't have any knowledge about security. However, someone told me peo...
I am planning to make a web application deployed on a port more secure by detecting the pattern of the request an then comparing it with the patern next time that IP tries to connect.Any ways to move forward.
I have a self-hosted WCF application, with a server application running on the server (obviously) and a client application that will be installed on the users PC. Up until this point I have been developing the system on my personal machine and using "development" x.509 certificates and all works fine. I am comfortable ...
I am concerned about the possibility to download a fake keepass upgrade. If possible this would allow many ways to get private data on keepass files! For example, keepass hacked or modified code could send the kbdx file by ftp to a server in China or in Crimea! Or hacked keepass could send the kbdx file attached in e...
Virtualmin supports a flurry of algorithms for DNSSEC: RSASHA1, RSASHA256, RSAMD5, DSA, DH, HMAC-MD5(???), NSEC3RSASHA1, NSEC3DSA. If I understand correctly, there's Proof of Concept available for SHA1 being easy to compromise when used with DKIM, because of data length. So that would lead me to believe that the same ...
Now that Google, Twitter, and some other sites require a TLS connection to access their sites, when you go to http://www.twitter.com it redirects to https://www.twitter.com/. If an attacker had access to your Internet line, could he or she have the connection running over HTTP with a fake version of Twitter? If a user ...
I intend to use the least privileged user to do a given task. The issue is that it involve a kind of responsibility chain and translate as a sudo chain in my scripts, spreading the overall task in many places. Sudoer file "www-data" ALL = (webadmin) NOPASSWD: /home/webadmin/scripts/git-deploy.sh "webadmin" AL...
What is the best method for securing PHP scripts that contain database passwords? From what I've read, PHP can be revealed when an error occurs and is not caught. Is there any way to reveal PHP by viewing source code in a browser or saving site files to a computer? Thanks. Any information on cementing PHP scripts (exc...
I read quite a bit from Troy Hunt about spoofing WiFi SSIDs and luring devices to connect to them. When the Pineapple device sees a probe request it will create a WiFi with the probed SSID. The naive device will connect to the network and succeed if it is an open network. What happens if the network is secured. Say my ...
Im authenticating with a mysql server with the authentication method listed here. I observed the salt and hash using wireshark, and I know the password, but I am having trouble reproducing the hash I saw. My question is about the salt. I observed in wireshark that this salt was only 12 bytes and null terminated. I noti...
I have a managed switch on my network but I don't remember the subnet. How can I scan all the private network without changing my ip address : 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16 Thanks for advices
I'm experimenting with security, cryptography and web applications. My aim is to create simple login system that is realy secure enough. I'd like to share my approach to keep authenticated session with you to get some comments. My approach: When te user signs in (I use BCrypt and password_verify): session_regenerate_id...
If you use a passive network tap and a server with an Ethernet port in promiscuous mode to monitor all traffic between WAN port of your router and RJ45 port of your ISP cable modem. Is the IDS instance running snort and snorby vulnerable to attacks from the Internet? Because it's placed outside the router, which usuall...
I am working at a company that is PCI compliant, but I believe they have interpreted some of the requirements incorrectly. Because of this, they are laboring to create work-arounds which I suspect are not necessary. Specifically, I am wondering about the definition of "Transmission", in the context of PCI requirement 4...
I don't really understand how salting works. I read the Wikipedia article, but I still don't understand how can a system authenticate a salted hash? Let's say a user chooses a password. It's randomly salted and hashed. Now, when that user wants to login again, his password is hashed again and compared with the salted a...
There are two clients and a server. Each client generates an RSA key pair and uploads public key to the server. The server associates the public key with the user identifier that is specified during upload. Then client A needs to share the data with client B. It asks the server for the public key of the client B. The f...
In an 802.1X protected LAN, the switch port is usually set to "Multiple Hosts" mode and the access point is configured as an 802.1X supplicant which authenticates to the switch and "opens" the port. The access point can now freely bridge wireless clients to the LAN and has the responsibility of authenticating each wire...
Talking about SSL certificates, there are 3 types. Basic validation Business validation Extended Validation The first one checks only if a domain name is registered for the user which issues the certificate. The second one also requires information about the company. The last one checks the physical location of a ...
We're currently running a web site using .NET, and I'm using the Elmah package to look at some errors and issues in real time. I've noticed that there are a number of errors in the log from IP Addresses that seem to be scanning for PHPMyadmin exploits, etc. While we're not affected by these particular scans, I'd like...
We've just learnt about firewalls and DMZ and I'm struggling to understand how are these actually implemented ? The architecture we've learned was something like this: Let's say that we have a shopping website that allows users to register an account in order to make online purchases and also participate in the websit...
So it's a fairly simple question. When offering an avenue to security researchers for communication with us regarding disclosure of security vulnerabilities, what's the best way to do so? Assume we have a responsible disclosure policy page that's secured under a properly configured SSL/TLS connection: Offer a security...
I'm trying to see the visual difference between Business SSL Validation and Standard Validation but I see no difference (or I cannot find a site which contains a Business SSL certificate) Is there a way to see what kind of SSL certificate has been issued? - I know about the green bar for example on HTTPS VeriSign for ...
I'm still new to information security, but I have read a bit about the one-time pad. The point that sticks out to me the most is that it is supposedly unbreakable. Has this method of encryption ever been incorporated in any internet web applications on a larger scale? How would they pass they key?
StartSSL has an intermediate certificate that they use to sign their EV certificates: sub.class4.server.ca.pem. This certificate's issuer is shown by openssl x509 to be /C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Certification Authority. This matches the certificate they distribute as thei...
I need a way to share large, uniquely encrypted files (AES256) that are actually the same file when decrypted, through P2P, to optimize download speeds. For instance, a centralized server would store the keys for each uniquely encrypted file (keys are assigned to user accounts). When a user downloads the uniquely encr...
As my knowledge about information security is not THAT good and Google did not give me a satisfactory answer I would like to ask the community here: I am working for a company offering online services (as an ASP) where high-value target information of customers is stored (e.g. confidential documents of different compan...
So people always talk about how if you use http over a shared wifi hotspot, people will be able to see your unencrypted data, but I have never been able to make the direct connection from a network security standpoint. I would like to know how to intercept such data and how to view it in a form that is usable. If I con...
This might well be a silly question, but at the moment I've not thought of a reason it doesn't work. As I think is generally known, you should never re-use a one-time pad. But compression allows you to transmit something larger than the number of bytes used in transmission... I'm not intending to / have no reason to d...
My understanding is that SSL certificates are expensive because you are paying a 3rd party to vouch for your identity, and apparently the most secure form of trust is the trust you have to pay for. I'm guessing the trust you're getting is a way to show you're not a phishing website or something (even though I've seen v...
It appears that there is an exploit out there that allegedly allows you to bypass the UAC on Windows 7 computers and gain administrator access. I was wondering if this exploit is still a dangerous vulnerability on the average Windows 7 box or if it is already widely patched. I haven't looked too closely at the exploit,...
I'm running Ubuntu 8.04 TLS linux 2.6.24-23, I find that CVE-2009-2692 which exploits by using sock_sendpage() null pointer dereference. It describes this exploit affects linux version prior to 2.6.31 and I find patched version of Ubuntu 8.04 is linux 2.6.24-24. I attempted to run this exploit on my machine, but I coul...
I've recently had some success and traffic increase with an online business I own and due to that someone has hacked my domain email and twitter accounts. My bank password is the same and I just changed everything to some really random difficult 16 character pass (looks like a bitcoin address honestly). But the problem...
There is ongoing and quite promising research with prototypes presented about using physically unclonable functions (PUFs) in authentication. If they are practically unclonable, how is a PUF-based device authenticated?
I want to pentest a specific web application with automatic tool like Burp Suite and IBM Security AppScan. However, the website uses a prevention mechanism for attack. When I started automatic tool, it blacklisted my IP address. In my opinion, I can change my IP address periodically but this method takes long time. Is ...
I have been wondering how to stop intrusion/hack in a website build in cakephp. The neccessities that I have done so far are updated framework strong password frequent password change removed default username from root to user from config.php file in cakephp file permission to /app/config changed to 755 from 777 ro...
Maybe this question sounds obvious, but I wonder how dangerous might be publishing a public key for an asymmetric encryption system? I know public keys are meant for encrypting messages by anyone who's meant to do so, that's why we can even download a public cert of the most common CAs from web browsers. But is it secu...
Question is clear from title, is there a way to track user even if he is using a proxy. The point is, am i secure enough to surf internet with proxy to hide myself?
Generating Diffie Hellman parameters in OpenSSL can be done as follows: $ openssl dhparam -out dh2048.pem 2048 Generating DH parameters, 2048 bit long safe prime, generator 2 This is going to take a long time [...] The "generator 2" caught my attention there. It appears I can choose between generator 2 and 5 as indic...
I'm currently using GPG RSA keys to encrypt binary files. Many people recommend using symmetric keys to encrypt large files, and then encrypt the symmetric key with a public key. At what file size should I switch from RSA to something like AES? Is it arbitrary? Are there any security concerns with using GPG/RSA on mass...
Here is a scheme for deanonymizing a user that I've been thinking about, just out of curiosity. I tried searching for it but didn't find much. Does this technique have a name? Are there any papers or articles on this? And is it known to be in use? So a user posts a lot of information, on Twitter or on a Blog, etc.. He/...
I am using Facebook login in a mobile native app, and I'm trying to figure out if my approach is secure enough. This is the flow (all communication is made over SSL): User logins to Facebook through the mobile app. The app passes the user's Facebook short term access key to the server. The server uses the key and make...
Some of the leaks which emerged during/after Snowden concerned the fact that the NSA was paying the organization behind RSA a lot of money in order for them to systematically weaken the encryption by default. Since both SSL and SSH typically use public/private RSA keypairs for their encryption, is this encryption now c...
We are looking to implement Attribute-Based Access Control. While we are sold on the philosophy, there are two topics that seem to crop up: Will it lead to significant performance issues? Especially if we seek fine-grained access. I guess I am looking for some structured guidance to strike the right balance. Are avail...
How can you tell which hashing algorithm is being used on a system? We are using 2048 bit encryption and wondering how to tell if hashing algorithm SHA-1 with SHA-2 is being used.

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.