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What are some encryption algorithms that are currently in use by secure websites, by operating systems, or by Secure USB thumb drive manufacturers. I am trying to do research on differences in speed on algorithms that are currently used. I know security is a debatable factor, but I am not concerned with that. I just wa... |
I understand that a block cipher can be made to act like a stream cipher at the cost of "losing versatility" of the block cipher for the sake of performance. I don't understand what I'd be losing.
For example, AES GCM mode is a block cipher that acts as a stream cipher, however I get
Integrity (the message can't be m... |
In SSL, the client generates a pre-master key from random data from itself and also the server. It then encrypts this with the server's public key, sends it to the server and then both client and server generate a master key from this.
Why not have the client generate the master key and send that to the server?
My init... |
Let's assume the same message is encrypted many times, each time with a different IV but the same key. Do we reach a point where just knowing what that message is gives us a plausible attack by which we can discover the key?
The closest thing I see to this is a side channel attack mentioned on the Wikipedia page requi... |
This question is a bit broad, but I'm hoping someone can point me in the right direction. I administer a small LAN at work with 15-20 machines on it. They are running Windows XP - Windows 8 and I have a Linux based NAS for backups attached as well.
In the past, every user was highly trusted and my main concern was maki... |
I'm mainly server sided. I haven't worked with JS that much before.
My coworker was talking about BeeF and how it basically controls the victims browser just by a simple xss attack.
I was wondering how it's possible. Javascript only executed when the user is on that page correct? So when the user leaves that page, how ... |
In the past recent years of mine, I have been doing a lot of DLL injection with a few indie games and MMORPGs. I fully understand how to do it, and how it works for allowing these games to work not as the developer's intend them to.
If I am able to compromise these games so easily and fast, what keeps me from doing it ... |
Let's say Alice, Bob, and Mallory all live together in a house.
Mallory decides to go on vacation, but before leaving, she decides to play a game with Bob and Alice. She makes two claims:
She has installed hidden cameras inside the house.
She has remote access to the cameras.
Mallory challenges Bob and Alice to find ... |
I'm not entirely sure if this is the right place to ask this, and I'm also slightly fuzzy on how the p2p system works, so correct me if I'm wrong.
I've been looking into the practical implications of decentralized P2P networks, and there's a few issues I've noticed, generally relating to the security side of things. Fi... |
I have seen advice that I need to close all unused ports, and disable any unused services in order to secure my servers. How can I prove, beyond any doubt, to my client that I have done this?
I need to accomplish this in a realistic amount of time, using realistic resources, so please also let me know if there is no s... |
While I was away from my home I needed to do some work on a java program so I booted a friends netbook(windows 8) I had with me and finished most of the works I needed to do there. Tho when I returned home I realized that the netbook didn't have antivirus, firewall and nothing security wise turned on which made me worr... |
I looked at my logs from amazon ec2 instance and found the following lines:
94.177.121.102 - - [29/Mar/2014:08:50:52 +0000] "XGET /web-console/ServerInfo.jsp HTTP/1.0" 501 418 "-" "-"
94.177.121.102 - - [29/Mar/2014:08:50:52 +0000] "XGET /jmx-console/HtmlAdaptor HTTP/1.0" 501 415 "-" "-"
I looked at http status codes ... |
In order to be HDCP compliant, a source can only output HDCP-encrypted digital HD content.
However, is the opposite true for HDCP sinks? In order to be HDCP compliant, should a sink only accept to reproduce digital HD content when it's HDCP-encrypted?
|
No idea if this is right place to ask.
In my country, by law, all ISPs are required to block certain websites. People can not access such sites. But, through proxy websites every one can access blocked websites. I guess the flow is My PC ---> My ISP ---> Proxy ---> Website and then it returns back the same path.
If al... |
# aircrack-ng output-01.cap
Opening output-01.cap
Read 31484 packets.
# BSSID ESSID Encryption
1 00:11:22:33:44:55 SSIDHERE WPA (0 handshake)
Choosing first network as target.
Opening output-01.cap
Please specify a dictionary (option -w).
Quitting aircr... |
I've recently purchased an SSL certificate, and it says that it's limited to three servers. Surely if I have the key and certificate on multiple servers (more than 3), the SSL will still be valid? Can someone clarify why/how vendors can limit this? An example of one is 123-reg's 123-SSL (which is a resell of AlphaSSL).... |
So you can use msfpayload or msfvenom to add a payload to an existing exe, most people online seem to use reverse shell. But I was wondering if you could include a custom exe of your own design as a payload. For example, I have "evil_notepad.exe" that I want to add a payload "showanalert.exe". When opened, "showanalert... |
Suppose a site allows connection to be established with HTTP or HTTPS .If you establish a connection to http://www.example.com or https://www.example.com then all further link's on the page displayed will have HTTP or HTTPS correspondingly. I understand that an attacker can degrade your HTTPS connection to HTTP using M... |
I have a server in my computer for testing purposes, accessible from the outside.
I was reviewing the access.log file, and I saw
89.187.33.50 - - [29/Mar/2014:03:39:01 +0100] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 -
89.187.33.50 - - [29/Mar/2014:03:39:02 +0100] "POST /cgi-bin/php?%2D%64+%61%6C%6C%6F%77%5F%75%72%6C%5F%69%6E%63%6C%75%64%... |
Say I'm making a snapchat clone app for Android and iOS. Let's say that I get a snapchat from Baz. I want to pre-download the audio for this snapchat. However, as the developer, I want to secure this audio from being viewable outside of the app.
I've been thinking of encrypting it using AES with an IV and key that are ... |
I'm trying to wrap my head around the Application Data record that carries secured traffic. I understand TLS/SSL is a "authenticate-then-encrypt" protocol, which means an HMAC is calculated over the Plain text, and the resulting digest is appended to the message. Finally, the whole packet is encrypted using the negot... |
When it comes to blackbox pentesting of a Wordpress site, the first thing to come to mind is WPScan [http://wpscan.org/].
While pentesting some sites, I faced a common issue i.e it shows that Wordpress SEO 1.14.15 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting Attack. Output is given below:
| * Title: WordPress SEO 1.14.15 - i... |
On a typical desktop (with no listening services such as Apache, SSH, ...) it seems to me, the browser is the most exposed application and a potential security compromise (and even more so with Java and Flash plugins. And judging from the constant security updates, this seems to be correct.
I am therefore wondering whe... |
I received a message from google saying they had prevented a hacking attempt. However I then received messages from friends saying that they had received spam from my gmail account. If you go to the security tab of gmail it lists
"Application/device sign-in attempt (prevented) London (UK)"
The email from Google also... |
I have some Truecrypt volumes stored on my USB drive and I would like to know if they are safe from being cracked by the FBI or any government agencies? Some people say Full Disk Encryption will prevent the FBI from snooping through your files but I would like to know if Truecrypt volumes are just as safe and can provi... |
For how long ISPs keep record of Internet usage?
Do they keep record of every page we visit?
In what form do they keep such records (remote IP, URL, page title, headers, etc.)?
Is it possible for an employee working at ISP to monitor an individual customer's Internet usage?
|
I'm looking for an online training lab for pentesting/hacking and security.
I've found one at hacking-lab but it's seems troublesome to work with and it has some issues on VPN server authentication.
Someone knows about something similar?
Or something like Hackademic RTB1 and RTB2?
I wish for more resources to learn wi... |
I was just wondering about the implications of Sky's new revelation of a so-called 'shield'. Is this actually even a security feature or just an advertisement stunt for Captain America? I can find very little information on this (maybe I am looking in the wrong place) but it seems this is just a URL filter that all ISP... |
I am working on web application security auditing.
I was going through various checklists & methodology.
I found one interesting stuff in a document.
Type - Configuration Management
Security Testing - After logout, I created a dump file of my chrome browser and opened it in winhex editor. Used search feature of that to... |
I typed in my IP into my address bar and my router admin page came up. Is this safe? How can I disable it? It's Linksys Smart Wifi
|
I want to develop two Android apps that will communicate via intents (on the same device).
When the two apps transfer confidential data, should they encrypt it?
Or does the Android OS guarantee (or at least try to guarantee) that intent data is not seen by anyone but sender and recipient?
Of course, let's suppose the u... |
What is "period" in the context of pseudo-random number generators? For example when someone says "The Mersenne Twister has a 2^19337−1 period" what does it mean? I would appreciate a simple as possible explanation as possible.
What exactly is meant by "state" of a PRNG? On wikipedia I found "The sequence is not truly ... |
Also, the name of the actual virtualhost is going through unencrypted or not?
|
If its 14 then it splits it to 7&7, but how about 13 characters? 7&6?
How does it work?
|
I have a scenario in which I have two computers with static IP addresses running under common proxy. And let's say computer A is blocked from accessing certain site, let's say Facebook and another computer B is not blocked.
Is there any mechanism I which allows to access facebook from computer A? If we can do something... |
Let us say that we have a computer with a fully encrypted disk. If it gets infected with malware, does this make it more difficult to use a LiveCD or other rescue option to clean it or restore it? It seems to me that one would have to decrypt the volume before cleaning, which feels like a lot of work.
|
To see the users that are connected to the machine and they're pass hashes with Whosthere.exe, do I have to run it as an administrator?
|
I was thinking about how security on my Linux server can be increased and came up with this question: If most intrusions are performed by gaining remote access to machines, would it be possible and sensible to restrict admin user or maybe even root login by a hardware device? Meaning that it wouldn't be possible to log... |
According to this blog PAN number should be hashed using a "secret salt". What they are doing is basically H(Message+salt). The reason you need this "secret salt" is because PAN numbers are limited to certain amount of numbers, which makes bruteforcing dead easy.
I was wondering if a keyed-hash (HMAC) would not be mor... |
The paper Cryptanalysis of the Random Number Generator of the Windows Operating System describes some problematic aspects of the Windows CSPRNG. However the paper was written in 2007, and looked at the version of the generator present in Windows 2000. Are the problems described still issues in more recent Windows (7 or... |
Is IIS and ASP vulnerable to the same Host Header Attacks we have seen on Apache and Nginx? Specifically the attacks that use the HTTP Host Header to reset a password or implement web-cache poisoning. These specific attacks use the SERVER and HOST variables.
Any insight or help is greatly appreciated.
|
Let's say the attacker got the username and the hashed password. How can he use it when authenticating to some service in its domain with for example NTLM?
How can he send the request as the compromised user? What tools and techniques should he use?
|
My understanding is that with the WebRTC peer-to-peer data API, communications between peers are encrypted via a modified form of SSL. Where are the keys for the peer-to-peer SSL connection generated, though? On the original web server that unites the peers, or on the peers' computers?
Update:
Also, assuming that the J... |
I know this question is probably at risk of offending the guidelines but our IaaS provider was unable to offer us an anti-virus solution for our Linux servers. We are deployed in an enterprise cloud vSphere environment but it looks like a solution at the hypervisor level would not be available anyway since those anti-m... |
i have a 64 gb micro SDXC memory card that has sensitive files on it and i want to completely erase it but i heard it was impossible to be sure that your data was erased because of wear leveling ? The manufacturer (SanDisk) doesn't provide special tool for a secure erase.
What if i delete the files then use a software ... |
ASP.NET MVC provides default protection against cross site scripting. Just wondering, if PHP frameworks do the same?
|
we have a scenario for implementing SSO using x.509 certificates. A secure client will download a x.509 certificate (only certificate...no private key is available) upon user logs into the windows machine. Henceforth for all web applications, we would like read this certificate for authenticating the user. when we trie... |
The concept put forward by Docker and LXC seems to be, from a security perspective, a move in the right direction. Afraid of a MySQL zero-day? Run it in a Docker container and it won't be able to cause damage to the host operating system.
However, it's definitely not a silver bullet. What needs to be done to secure Do... |
I wonder if my setup can be risky. To give a good starting point for answers I would briefly sketch the situation
setup:
double boot system GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows
GNU/Linux is on 2 partitions which are both LUKS encrypted using AES cipher with a considered "safe" block-chaining mode and keylength
Windows is n... |
I just told my friend my Wi-Fi password, will he know what I am doing even though he does not connect to my home internet?
|
I have a question about how to properly set up full disk encryption on a server running virtual machines.
My setup is Windows 2012 with 2 VM's(Hyper-V) on it.
I was looking into using Becrypt for full disk encryption.
Would it be sufficient to run full disk encryption just on a host?
or should I run it on host and on e... |
I'm trying to see the actual point in implementing Perfect Forward Secrecy during Internet Key Exchange Phase 2, if it had already been used during Phase 1.
Quoting the IKEv2 RFC:
RFC 5596
3.3.2. Transform Substructure
[...] Although ESP and AH do not directly include a Diffie-Hellman exchange, a Diffie-Hellman group... |
I have an AES string being produced with this class, the AesCryptoServiceProvider Class provided by Microsoft.
And I need to decode this encryption with Ruby's SSL::Cipher class .
The problem is that if one encrypts one with one, you can't decrypt it with the other.
An example of my VB.NET code :
Private Const AesIV A... |
My main Question is:
Is it possible to create your own security packages?
[ NOTE: I enjoy teaching myself new skills for many different things. So please give me an answer in a 4th grade reading level. What I mean is that I won't have a clue what you're trying to tell me if the words are way to hard for me to understa... |
For my studies, I am required to do an investigation on a fictional criminal VMWare image. The image is suspected of participating in DDoS attacks and other illegal activities. On this PC TrueCrypt is installed. Along with TrueCrypt, The image has Mozilla Thunderbird installed with a OpenPGP security module.
I made a r... |
I'm planning to set up a server environment with high security requirements on which i want to install an intrusion detection system (snort). Additionally, I think of running a vulnerability scanner (OpenVAS)
on a regular basis (nightly). My concerns are whether
a) wouldn't this render my ids reports during the scan us... |
I am currently looking at TPM (Trusted Platform Module) and wondering how does TPM offer platform authentication. Suppose a legal host is deployed on the cloud. How do I use TPM to assure that the host I am connecting to is that very host, rather than some other host that has the same configuration?
In principle, since... |
Are there any threats against a web site that isn't running SSL but uses PGP to encrypt all information to the server (except session identifier)
The information flow is as such:
1. Session ID set on User browser
2. User selects a book from a list of books and submits it to Server
3. User submits Credit Card informatio... |
Adding the AWS access key and secret key directly in app code is definitely not a good approach, primarily because the app resides on the users device (unlike server side code), and can be reverse engineered to get the credentials, which can then be misused.
Though I find this information everywhere, but am unable to f... |
I recently tried to do a MiTM attack on my network using ettercap.
I have a router, two windows 7 machines : Host A and Host B, and Backtrack on a VM.
In the ettercap window I added the router as TARGET 1, Host A as TARGET 2 then started Arp poisoning. When I checked the arp tables of Host B, I found that it was also t... |
What is the digital signature software? What it takes to digitally sign software?
I'm using the Kaspersky antivírus and the software I wrote, in Delphi, is flagged by the antivirus software due to lack of digital signature, as an untrusted software.
To use my software I need to go to the Kaspersky and set it as a trust... |
Is it best to create an application that allows a user to sign up with username and email at the beginning and password once you click the generated email sent to you or should the password entering be in place before you get an email to continue sign up process?
|
Is it possible to use SecurID 2FA for Highly Privileged shared accounts? I am currently using CyberArk to vault passwords for privileged accounts. when I checkout a password, I would like to make sure that this account has to 2FA to the endpoint. the problem that I see is that all of my admins share these accounts. To ... |
I'm currently using nginx with the following ciphers:
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!ADH:!RC4:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS;
I would like to maintain compatibility to older browsers, especially also older mobile browsers and therefore not completely disallow SHA1.
How can I achieve that SHA256 is preferred over... |
I am having the following problem on both my android phone and on my chromebook. I'm running a website on an internal server (10.3.3.3) using nginx with a self-signed ssl certificate. Since it is just an internal server, I put the CN=10.3.3.3. All of our desktop machines work just fine (they give a warning about the ce... |
I've been following the FIDO standard (a consumer-friendly public-key system similar to SSH key pairs) and it appears that it's close to being complete: both Google and PayPal have been testing it internally for some time, the just-announced Samsung S5 is compatible, and Yubikey has announced that the next version of t... |
Does http support encryption without https, akin to STARTTLS in smtp?
This may sound like a stupid question, but just think about it.
Banks require strong encryption, and cannot do business without it.
However, regular websites may not necessarily do so, but would benefit from casual encryption nonetheless, preventing ... |
I am dealing with a multi-step form, and I need to pass information from step 1 to step 2, then from step 2 to step 3, and so on.
Step 1 contains a membership number and ID number entry, as well as another identifier (3 fields to complete to identify the visitor). At this moment I use RIJNDAEL encryption to encrypt the... |
In a login system I'm doing, I'm using a per-user, per-device randomly generated cookie token. A part of the script looks like this:
// Generate current device's token
$token = substr(bin2hex(mcrypt_create_iv(200)), 0, 60);
// Include this device's token
$STH = $userDB->prepare("INSERT INTO devices (user_id, token, ac... |
It seems that every single banking & financial website that I have used logs me out after a certain period of time.
Are there a legal requirements or technical reasons for financial sites to do this? Or is this just their form of "security" to prevent others from accessing your account should you forget to logoff or s... |
What is the risk of accepting an untrusted site security certificate in your browser if you're not entering any data, but merely browsing the site?
|
Currently the default maximum key size is 4096. I know this can be changed by recompiling the software, and I don't mind doing that.
My problem is about compatibility issues. It makes sense that some implementation may not / may have trouble supporting 8k or 16k keys.
However, I've heard of sub-keys. I don't want my "d... |
I was looking to give out login information to a read-only mysql database (via phpmyadmin) to the public (the users of my program) to use for reference purposes on a production environment. Would I be risking anything on my side by doing so (assuming all privileges were locked down and the users could literally only re... |
I'm looking to purchase a wifi card to help me learn about wifi network penetration testing and other associated issues but I was wondering if there were any features of a wifi card I should look out to get the best in terms of ability. Or is there no real difference between the different models. The most important fea... |
My application is divised into two parts:
Javascript application as client
Server side API's (RESTFUL through Play!2.2 framework)
I expect users to be authenticated through Facebook's Oauth 2.0 client, especially with the Facebook Javascript SDK.
Once authenticated, users could call my various own a... |
I am looking into php's max_input_vars setting
How many input variables may be accepted (limit is applied to $_GET,
$_POST and $_COOKIE superglobal separately). Use of this directive
mitigates the possibility of denial of service attacks which use hash
collisions. If there are more input variables than specified... |
i'm about to secure a webservice with client authentication. (apache2, mod_ssl, openssl).
from what i googled, i found that it's more common to have a ca, which signs the client certs, which will then be checked.
also i found that it should be possible with the help of the sslrequire directive (in the apache configurat... |
I have a ASP.NET MVC 4 application.
In some webpages or views, I have information displayed in table. Column values are rendered as links.
Problems:
1. When I hover over the link, it's URL is visible at the bottom of browser.
2. When I click on link, I show information for the resource requested in URL. (www.someurl.co... |
We are planning to develop a EHR/Billing Software and we are aware about HIPAA rules and regulations. Our current application architecture using a shared database with all client's(Provider/Practice) data.
I would like to know if HIPAA recommends in isolating database per client(Provider/Practice) - ie is a single dat... |
We have an eCommerce website hosted on a dedicated server. We get our PCI compliance report from Qualays and there is no problem with that.
However, now we want to test something new on Amazon's AWS environment. But the idea is that we will still use the same checkout setup done on our main site.
So my question is will... |
I am looking to build a number of simple REST web services where:
they only need to be called by server-side clients (i.e. no mobile/javascript/desktop)
they are only accessible by HTTPS (no downgrade to HTTP)
clients will only be deployed to secure, trusted locations
clients will each have a unique API key
each servi... |
Could someone please tell me why cryptographic algorithms are placed in the data-link layer for wireless networks?
|
I found an XSS vulnerability which is exploited by appending attack in the URL parameters.
For eg. the original URL site.com/?s=login&m=forgotten
And the attack URL site.com/?s=login&m=forgotten" onload=alert(966) bad="
Now I would like to prevent this attack. Can anybody help me?
|
For an experiment, I'm trying to open a 2048-bit RSA encrypted mail on a image.
Using this fresh image, I made a memory dump and analysed the dump for RSA keys.
Now, several RSA keys have been found.
An example;
FOUND PRIVATE KEY AT 1048fb83
version =
11 8e 48 04 06 11
modulus =
02 01 00 02 02 00 02 03 00 02 04 00 ... |
Is there any program or method that allows encryption that can not be brute forced or is it just that any encrypted file can be decrypted by brute force?
|
What is a recommended way of handling CRLs in long-term electronic signatures (specifically the CAdES-A)?
The problem I see is in that CRLs are not protected against modification (they are plain text, not signed) and not even mandatory in CAdES-T or CAdES-A.
As such, they can be forged, and such forgery cannot be easil... |
I have been experimenting with the TPM on a Dell R710 (BIOS version 6.3.0). My goal was to detect changes to BIOS settings through TPM PCRs. The research I have done leads me to believe that BIOS configuration changes should be reflected in PCR value 01. However making alterations to the BIOS config such as changing t... |
Is sqlmap still traceable when we use --tor --user-agent and macchanger?
For example:
sqlmap -u "[vulnerable_website_link]" --tor --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" with macchanger.
|
As we all know, Microsoft stops developing security patches for Windows XP very soon. If a bug in the kernel was to be found that would allow an attacker to take control by, say, sending a specially crafted UDP packet, this would not be patched.
But what if the system is a desktop behind a common NAT router and the onl... |
My team currently uses ASP.NET with MS SQL Server for our software.
Security has only become important since I started, in which there is injection vulnerabilities everywhere.
Due to current integration with Oracle and MS SQL the business decision was never to use parameterized queries.
This of course has been an iss... |
While studying HTTPS and related transport layer security protocols(SSL/TLS), I came to know that HTTPS suffers from two complications - Web-Proxy and Virtual-Hosting.
I can understand how virtual-hosting could be the complication for HTTPS. This is because the underlying transport protocol of HTTPS (SSL or TLS) issues... |
http://www.troyhunt.com/2013/05/your-login-form-posts-to-https-but-you.html
My question is, if the threat is that someone controls your internet connection and can serve up bad login pages, couldn't the attacker just serve you a page like facebook.com instead of https://www.facebook.com?
Many sites just have a 301 redi... |
I'm thinking of using SAML for sending authentication and authorization information to system. I plan to send roles and other information as authentication attributes in the assertion.
Does this sound like good idea or do I have to look into using XACML?
|
I am seeing lot of IPSEC Authentication messages in eventlogs of Windows domain hosts. I was wondering if this - setting up IPSEC connections between domain workstations is a part of normal Windows behaviour?
|
I'm trying to simulate a possible attack scenario for my studies.
I've got a image, which has a encrypted disk, encrypted by TrueCrypt (confirmed).
TrueCrypt is installed on the image itself too.
During a RAM analysis of the image, the attacker found a few keys using AESKeyFind.
A sample output is;
FOUND POSSIBLE 128-B... |
I have an assignment to do for school which involves attack signatures (I have to do a service-specific IDS). Basically what I have to do is to generate signatures for some attacks with Metasploit on some programs, and then I must be able to recognise these same attacks.
Currently I am in the research phase, more... |
I need to move user cryptographic identity between several user devices. In the operating system I have only one option: use password-protected PKCS #12 to import the identity to the OS secure store.
I’m wondering how secure PKCS #12 is. Can the p12 file be distributed over the insecure channel? How secure is it compar... |
This is a part of curl's verbose output when connecting to the HTTPS site of Google.
* Server certificate:
* subject: C=US; ST=California; L=Mountain View; O=Google Inc; CN=www.google.com
* start date: 2014-03-12 09:38:30 GMT
* expire date: 2014-06-10 00:00:00 GMT
* subjectAltName: www.googl... |
A PCI scanner of a client is current showing a potential path traversal exploit. The document root is set to /home/somefolder/somewebfoldername/
YET, visiting ourwebsite.com/manual shows the Apache manual. The same goes for ourwebsite.com:8443/manual
The exploit highlighted is: ourwebsite.com/manual/howto/ssi.html?..%2... |
I downloaded Adblock plus on my computer, then went back to youtube (which was playing Vivaldi concertos), and all the ads were yet there. What gives? Is Adblock plus authentic?
|
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