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The electronic configuration of the central atom of **$\ce{[MnO4]^2-}$** if given out to be **$e^1\,t_2^0$**
I want to know how to identify which one of the d-orbitals does this configuration utilizes because when I applied Crystal Field Theory, my answer came out to be **$t_2^1\,e^0$**
I already found out the ox... |
What is electronic configuration of manganese in the manganate anion? |
Problem:
1. Need to estimate the **density** and **dynamic viscosity** of such a mixed fluid: 80% Liquid Methane CH4 with solution of 20% Nitrogen Gas N2 with temperature of 94K and pressure of 1,467 hPa (the surface environment on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn).
2. Will the effect of Nitrogen be ignorable to t... |
Density and Viscosity for Solution: 80% Liquid Methane CH4 with Solution of 20% Gas Nitrogen N2 on Surface of Titan (the largest moon of Saturn)? |
I have a question that gives two concentrations and asks for the mass of $\ce{HCl}$ formed by the reaction.
$$\ce{H2SO4 + NaCl ->Na2SO4 + HCl}$$
I have two concentrations:
$\pu{250 mL}$ of $\pu{4.00 M}$ $\ce{H2SO4}$, and $\pu{250 mL}$ of $\pu{1.00 M}$ $\ce{NaCl}$.
Here is the balanced reaction equation:
... |
The electronic configuration of the central atom of **$\ce{[MnO4]^2-}$** if given out to be **$e^1\,t_2^0$**
I want to know how to identify which one of the d-orbitals does this configuration utilizes because when I applied Crystal Field Theory, my answer came out to be **$t_2^1\,e^0$**
I already found out the ox... |
What is electronic configuration of manganese in the manganate(VI) anion? |
Well I'd say this is not that easy to answer.
First of all, how much does the activity series really relate to the electronegativity? For elements like Fluorine it fits pretty well. But according to the activity series, Gold is quite noble as well, and while its electronegativity might be high among the metals, in ... |
According to *Advanced Organic Chemistry*<sup>\[1\]</sup>,
> **Neopentyl systems are typically resistant to nucleophilic substitution reactions**. They are primary, so do not form stable carbonium ions, and the tert-butyl substituent effectively hinders back-side attack. [...] **Under conditions that
favor ionizat... |
While going through my book I came across the following problem:
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/CTPW6.jpg
---
I thought it was safe to assume that the secondary alcohol would give S<sub>N</sub>1(although secondary alcohols give significant amount of both S<s... |
**Background**
I was solving these questions from [this book][1] and I was not able to get any of the options.
[![Problems and Solutions in Physical Chemistry for JEE( Main and Advanced by Neeraj Kumar][2]][2]
When I looked into the solutions, it seemed, for me that the solution is wrong.
**Solution given in t... |
The molecular distance geometry problem (MDGP) consists of two sub-problems:
1. Given observations of noisy distances between atoms in a molecule, estimate the values of the true distances.
2. Given these estimated distances, compute the locations of the atoms.
More formally, the first sub-problem can be stated ... |
The 2 steps to the reaction between $\ce{Na2CO3}$ and $\ce{HCl}$ are:
1. $\ce{Na2CO3 + HCl -> NaCl + NaHCO3}$
2. $\ce{NaHCO3 + HCl -> NaCl + CO2 + H2O}$
If $\ce{Na2CO3}$ is in excess and we add limited amount of $\ce{HCl}$ *(e.g. 2:1)*, why is it that after the addition of limited $\ce{HCl}$ , we still have $\c... |
Determination of residual solvents is a routine exercise in pharmaceutical industries and benzene is one of them. The technique is called gas chromatography. When you have a very complex mixture, such as sunscreen, one might use a technique called headspace gas chromatography. You would heat a sample in a very small ti... |
A Crooke's Tube is a cold-cathode tube, wherein electrons are released from the cathode when ionised gas particles strike it with speed. Following a chain reaction, other gas particles also get ionised over time and do the same. But I guess there would be a time when all the gaseous atoms would have been ionised and tr... |
Will a Crooke's Tube stop working after sometime? |
Interesting and complex question for normal phase LC! Couple of years ago, it was addressed in quite detail. Most of the practitioners have accepted 1,3,5-Tri-tert-butylbenzene for normal phase LC because it is extremely non-polar. It works with most normal phase mobile phases. Boiling point has nothing to do with NPLC... |
How are Quantum Dot molecules formed and what properties do they hold apart differently from singular quantum dots? |
About a month back, I acquired [drain strainers](https://images.app.goo.gl/BmoB7AHusJoTgkmj7) for my shower and kitchen sink. The package I got included one of each, which I installed immediately.
Within two weeks, the shower strainer was showing spots of rust, and currently has several large holes where the wire ... |
Why does one drain strainer rust while the other does not? |
We say that repulsive forces become dominant when **Z>1**
(*i.e. V<sub>observed</sub> > V<sub>theoretical</sub>).*
But when the difference between V<sub>observed</sub> and V<sub>theoretical</sub> is **less than b**, shouldn't attractive forces still be **dominant** as the effective volume (*i.e. volume in which ... |
At what value of compressibility factor repulsion starts? |
As I understand Enantiomers have similiar physical properties but they do show different chemical properties with optically active reagents. This point is something which I am not able to logically comprehend. Why would a compound which being only different in rotation of direction of PPL behave differently in a chiral... |
Why do Enantiomers have different chemical properties with optically active reagents? |
Why is acylation giving the major product compared to alkylation in the reaction between benzene and chloroacetyl chloride? |
I was reading a paper which built a series of *trans*-philicity (a term they coined to indicate both kinetic *trans*-effect and thermodynamic *trans*-influence) from extensive calculations. And I found that in the series, $\ce{:CN-}$ is shown to have a weaker trans effect than $\ce{MeC#N:}$ <sup>[1]</sup> (Note: this... |
Why is the trans-effect of nitrile ion (cyanide) weaker than acetonitrile (methyl cyanide) in octahedral chromium complexes? |
I was reading a paper which built a series of *trans*-philicity (a term they coined to indicate both kinetic *trans*-effect and thermodynamic *trans*-influence) from extensive calculations. And I found that in the series, $\ce{:\!CN-}$ is shown to have a weaker trans effect than $\ce{MeC#N \!:}$ <sup>[1]</sup> (Note:... |
**Note**: This question has also been posted [here](https://mattermodeling.stackexchange.com/questions/5088/references-for-the-molecular-distance-geometry-problem).
___
The molecular distance geometry problem (MDGP) consists of two sub-problems:
1. Given observations of noisy distances between atoms in a molecule,... |
Helium and neon are the two most unreactive elements in the Periodic Table, but could they form compounds with an element such as fluorine that won't spontaneously explode and decompose outside of the lab? Radon, xenon, krypton, and even argon already do form fluorides. It said in my Wikipedia that helium supposedly m... |
Do helium and neon form "stable" chemical compounds? |
Over time, the residual pressure in a gas discharge tube *does* drop. One of the main causes for gas loss is [sputtering][1]. Ions sweep gas atoms from the tube and embed them in metal sputtered from the cathode, as does an [ion vacuum pump][2].
For this reason, [neon and fluorescent lamps show a gradual increase i... |
Note that none of these characteristics are absolute--with enough pressure change, all phases of matter have measurably varying volumes. And with enough force, all phases of matter have varying shape.
Rather, these are general characteristics that give an overall feel for what distinguishes solids, liquids, and ... |
Note that none of these characteristics is absolute—with enough pressure change, all phases of matter have measurably varying volumes. And with enough force, all phases of matter have varying shape.
Rather, these are general characteristics that provide guidelines to distinguish solids, liquids, and gases. And t... |
Note that none of these characteristics is absolute—with enough pressure change, all phases of matter have measurably varying volumes. And with enough force, all phases of matter have varying shape.
Rather, these are general characteristics that provide guidelines to distinguish solids, liquids, and gases. And t... |
We say that repulsive forces become dominant when **Z>1**
(*i.e. V<sub>observed</sub> > V<sub>theoretical</sub>).*
But when the difference between V<sub>observed</sub> and V<sub>theoretical</sub> is **less than b**, shouldn't attractive forces still be **dominant** as the effective volume (*i.e. volume in which ... |
When do repulsive forces in a gas actually become dominant? |
I have grown up in a country where milk is stored in steel container in fridge at home. That’s what makes me wonder why milk is not sold that way? Nowadays the steel container single wall is cheap anyways. Given the fact that steel is infinitely recyclable, i would think it is far cheaper than single use disposable pla... |
Why is milk not sold in food grade stainless steel bottles? |
The possible answers are-
Velocity of electron increases by 10 times.
Orbit radius decreases by 10 times.
Energy of electron increases by 10 times.
Wavelength of the electron remains the same.
(An objective question)
I first tried the rest mass formula, but it is not related to the options. So tried the energy... |
I believe it is cost. According to the following:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352550921000683?via%3Dihub
the wholesale cost of a 0.568 L (19.2 fluid ounce) glass milk bottle was 0.35 pounds (50 cents) in 2020.
By contrast, I searched a few wholesale sites, and the least expensive sta... |
I believe it is cost. According to the following:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352550921000683?via%3Dihub
the wholesale cost of a 0.568 L (19.2 fluid ounce) glass milk bottle was 0.35 pounds (50 cents) in 2020.
By contrast, I searched a few wholesale sites, and the least expensive sta... |
I believe it is cost. According to the following, food-grade stainless steel works well as a container for milk:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352550921000683?via%3Dihub
However, the article also says that the wholesale cost of a 0.568 L (19.2 fluid ounce) glass milk bottle was 0.35 pounds ... |
The question is:
> What is the molecular weight of the final product?
> [![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/BuYdZ.png
My products were:
P1 = Ph3CN (by SN); P2 = Ph3C-COOH (by hydrolysis); P3 = Ph3C-COOCH3 (By esterification)
If this was correct, the answer should h... |
**Background**
I was solving these questions from [this book][1] and I was not able to get any of the options.
[![Problems and Solutions in Physical Chemistry for JEE( Main and Advanced by Neeraj Kumar][2]][2]
When I looked into the solutions, it seemed, for me that the solution is wrong.
**Solution given in t... |
The question is:
> What is the molecular weight of the final product?
> [![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/BuYdZ.png
[Its Ph3C-Cl and not Ph3Cl]
My products were:
P1 = Ph3C-CN (by SN); P2 = Ph3C-COOH (by hydrolysis); P3 = Ph3C-COOCH3 (By esterification)
If this... |
The question is:
> What is the molecular weight of the final product?
> $$\ce{Ph3C-Cl ->[NaCN] P1 ->[H3O+] P2 ->[Conc H2SO4][CH3OH]P3}$$
My products were:
$\mathrm P_1$ = $\ce{Ph3C-CN}$ (by S<sub>N</sub>); $\mathrm P_2$ = $\ce{Ph3C-COOH}$ (by hydrolysis); $\mathrm P_3$ = $\ce{Ph3C-COOCH3}$ (By esterificatio... |
**Background**
I was solving this question from [this book][1] and I was not able to get any of the options.
>The gaseous reaction $\ce{n_1 A_{(g)} -> n_2 B_{(g)}}$ is first order with respect to ‘A’. The rate constant of reaction is ‘k’. The reaction
is studied at a constant pressure and temperature. Initially, ... |
Why are low-density lipoproteins (LDL) more easily oxidized than high-density lipoproteins (HDL)? By LDL and HDL, I mean the lipoproteins that carry cholesterol.
Oxidation of LDL ultimately contributes to heart disease. |
I am a high school student and I am very confused in Molecular orbital theory, it says that when two orbitals overlaps in the same phase, they form antibonding orbitals and when they overlap in opposite phase forms antibonding orbital, but my questions are:
1) how those orbital overlap in the same and opposite phase... |
I am a high school student and I am very confused in Molecular orbital theory, it says that when two orbitals overlaps in the same phase, they form antibonding orbitals and when they overlap in opposite phase forms antibonding orbital, but my questions are:
1) how those orbital overlap in the same and opposite phase... |
> If the mass of an electron becomes 10 times its actual mass, which of the following statements is correct regarding Bohr's model:
>1) Velocity of electron increases by 10 times.
>2) Orbit radius decreases by 10 times.
>3) Energy of electron increases by 10 times.
>4) Wavelength of the electron remains the s... |
What does Bohr's model predict if the mass of an electron becomes 10 times its actual mass? |
The ionization energy of sodium is $\pu{5.139eV}$. This is the energy *absorbed* when a neutral sodium atom is stripped of its outermost electron. The electron affinity of chlorine is $\pu{3.62eV}$. This is the energy *released* when an electron is added to a neutral chlorine atom to form the chlorine anion.
Now sup... |
> **Disclaimer 4/6/2021**: I need to re-verify where the numbers in this answer are taken from.
Personally, I think "50%" as a cut-off is very arbitrary to begin with. It's not like I can suggest anything better, since proper dipole moment calculations rely on quantum mechanics.
But, to answer the question:
Th... |
Can someone explain how to does this ring expansion occurs with the mechanism. I do understand that the hydride shift occurred because of carbocation stability but why did the ring expand. Can you please attach a mechanism if possible?
[![][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/dOxta.png |
Why and how does this ring expansion occur? |
The mechanism for the given reaction would be as follows.
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
Why does this happen? This is because a four member ring has a high amount of ring strain. Expanding itself to a 5 member or (if possible) a six member ring is highly advantageous as it helps alleviate some of this rin... |
Can someone explain how to does this ring expansion occurs with the mechanism. I do understand that the hydride shift occurred because of carbocation stability but why did the ring expand. Can you please attach a mechanism if possible?
[![][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/IIEZh.png |
Why and how does ring expansion occur in the dehydration of cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-diyldimethanol? |
What happens when Butan-2-ol reacts with CH3COCl in the presence of pyridine? Does it form CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH3? I got the ester mentioned but the solution says it gives an alkene. What is the product when an alcohol reacts with an acid chloride in the presence of pyridine? |
In our labratory expermient, we have determined the isobestic point for iron(III) complexation with ortho-phenanthroline, and we have also studied iron(II) complexation with ortho-phenanthroline by spectrophotometry. What does the isobestic point tell us and how can we answer the asked question? |
What is the effect of the oxidation number of iron on the properties of ferroin complex? |
What happens when Butan-2-ol reacts with $\ce{CH3COCl}$ in the presence of pyridine? Does it form $\ce{CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH3}$? I got the ester mentioned but the solution says it gives an alkene. What is the product when an alcohol reacts with an acid chloride in the presence of pyridine? |
What is the product of the reaction between alcohol and acetyl chloride in presence of pyridine? |
Is tetrachloridocuprate(II) formed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution containing tetraamminecopper(II)? |
I just wanted to ask what will be the difference in products when 1) a haloalkane reacts with EXCESS ammonia and 2) EXCESS of the haloalkane reacts with ammonia?
I am sure with the 1st, the mechanism will be nucleophilic substitution and the organic product will be a primary amine but what about the second?
Thanks! |
The question is:
> What is the molecular weight of the final product?
> $$\ce{Ph3C-Cl ->[NaCN] P1 ->[H3O+] P2 ->[Conc H2SO4][CH3OH]P3}$$
My products were:
$\mathrm P_1$ = $\ce{Ph3C-CN}$ (by S<sub>N</sub>); $\mathrm P_2$ = $\ce{Ph3C-COOH}$ (by hydrolysis); $\mathrm P_3$ = $\ce{Ph3C-COOCH3}$ (By esterificatio... |
What is the difference in products when:
1. a haloalkane reacts with **excess** of ammonia
2. **excess** of the haloalkane reacts with ammonia?
I am sure with the 1st reaction, the mechanism will be nucleophilic substitution and the organic product will be a primary amine but what about the second?
|
What is the product of reaction between haloalkane and ammonia at different stoichiometries? |
Can someone explain how to does this ring expansion occurs with the mechanism. I do understand that the hydride shift occurred because of carbocation stability but why did the ring expand. Can you please attach a mechanism if possible?
[![][1]][1]
[![.][2]][2]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/IIEZh.png
... |
**The answer and the solution given in the book are wrong**
I have searched and found the following in [Chemical Kinetics by Laidler][1] which talks about the volume change during reaction. It states:
> ....Equation (1.11) gives a general definition of the rate of reaction, but Eqs. (1.13)-(1.14) apply **only if th... |
**The answer and the solution given in the book are wrong**
I have searched and found the following in [Chemical Kinetics by Laidler][1] which talks about the volume change during reaction. It states:
> ....Equation (1.11) gives a general definition of the rate of reaction, but Eqs. (1.13)-(1.14) apply **only if th... |
Since the acidity of a compound is determined by the stability of its conjugate base, and the major structure of enolate has a negative charge on the Oxygen atom, then how is ethoxide more stable than enolate?
__Also since the negative charge on the O-atom of ethoxide is increased by the [+I effect](https://en.wiki... |
Why is ethanol more acidic than acetone? |
What happens when Butan-2-ol reacts(under heat) with $\ce{CH3COCl}$ in the presence of pyridine? Does it form $\ce{CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH3}$? I got the ester mentioned but the solution says it gives an alkene. What is the product when an alcohol reacts with an acid chloride in the presence of pyridine? |
Why does a methyl shift occur in this rearrangement. I was told that methyl shift is done to stabilise the carbocation but here we are shifting the carbocation from secondary to primary?
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/CzaAP.png |
Why does methyl shift happen in pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement? |
I believe it is cost. According to here<sup>(1)</sup>, food-grade stainless steel works well as a container for milk.
However, the article also says that the wholesale cost of a 0.568 L (19.2 fluid ounce) glass milk bottle was 0.35 pounds (50 cents) in 2020.
By contrast, I searched a few wholesale sites, and t... |
The acidity of a compound is determined by the stability of its conjugate base and the major structure of enolate has a negative charge on the Oxygen atom. Moreover, the negative charge on the O-atom of ethoxide is increased by the [+I effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_effect) of $\ce{-CH2CH3}$.
[![ent... |
It is worth pointing out what exactly enantiomers are: *exact* mirror images of each other. Most of what enantiomers do and don't do can be understood by remembering that basic definition and applying it logically.
First, let's compare a chiral compound to an achiral one. Imagine an achiral molecule in front of a (m... |
The mechanism for the given reaction would be as follows.
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
Why does this happen? This is because a four member ring has a high amount of ring strain. Expanding itself to a 5 member or (if possible) a six member ring is highly advantageous as it helps alleviate some of this... |
What happens when butan-2-ol reacts(under heat) with $\ce{CH3COCl}$ in the presence of pyridine? Does it form $\ce{CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH3}$? I got the ester mentioned but the solution says it gives an alkene. What is the product when an alcohol reacts with an acid chloride in the presence of pyridine? |
> but here we are shifting the carbocation from secondary to primary
Firstly the shift is not from secondary to primary but from tertiary to secondary.
> I was told that methyl shift is done to stabilise the carbocation
Yes, a methyl shift is done to stabilise a carbocation. And it is done in this case for th... |
> but here we are shifting the carbocation from secondary to primary
Firstly the shift is not from secondary to primary but from tertiary to secondary.
> I was told that methyl shift is done to stabilise the carbocation
Yes, a methyl shift is done to stabilise a carbocation. And it is done in this case for th... |
Both aldehydes and ketones have a carbonyl group, but since the carbonyl group of ketone is between alkyl groups, wouldn't it be more difficult for it to form hydrogen bonds than aldehydes? Why then, do ketones have a higher boiling point than aldehydes? |
I have grown up in a country where milk is stored in a steel container in the fridge at home. That’s what makes me wonder why milk is not sold that way?
Nowadays the steel container single wall is cheap anyway. Given the fact that steel is infinitely recyclable, I would think it is far cheaper than single-use dispos... |
Why is milk not sold in food-grade stainless steel bottles? |
Why does a methyl shift occur during the pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement?
I was told that methyl shift is done to stabilise the carbocation but here we are shifting the carbocation from secondary to primary.
[![Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.c... |
Why does a methyl shift occur during the pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement? |
Ok So umm.. I know that Raoult's law holds true only for a non volatile solute in a volatile solvent mixture wherein the vapour pressure of the solution gets lowered due to the addition of solute.
1) Now, first of all does it hold for a mixture of immiscible liquids ?
2) Does it hold for a mixture of immiscible l... |
Does Raoult's law hold good for immiscible liquids? |
I believe it is cost. According to [1], food-grade stainless steel works well as a container for milk.
However, the article also says that the wholesale cost of a 0.568 L (19.2 fluid ounce) glass milk bottle was 0.35 pounds (50 cents) in 2020.
By contrast, I searched a few wholesale sites, and the least expens... |
How would this reaction occur through free radical substitution? |
The [Pka](https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0032604) of salicylic acid is 3.73 while that of o-anisic acid is [2.79](https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001895).
Why is the latter less acidic if the order of [+M effect](https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Purdue/Purdue%3A_Chem_26200%3A_Organic_Chemistry_II_(Wenthold)/Chap... |
Why is salicylic acid less acidic than o- anisic acid? |
The [Pka](https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0032604) of salicylic acid is 2.79 while that of o-anisic acid is [4.20](https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/acidity2.htm).
Why is the latter less acidic if the order of [+M effect](https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Purdue/Purdue%3A_Chem_26200%3A_Organi... |
The [Pka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylic_acid) of salicylic acid is 2.97 while that of o-anisic acid is [3.73](https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0032604).
Why is the latter less acidic if the order of [+M effect](https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Purdue/Purdue%3A_Chem_26200%3A_Organic_Chemistry_II_(Wenthold)... |
> If the mass of an electron becomes 10 times its actual mass, which of the following statements is correct regarding Bohr's model:
>1) Velocity of electron increases by 10 times.
>2) Orbit radius decreases by 10 times.
>3) Energy of electron increases by 10 times.
>4) Wavelength of the electron remains the s... |
> A gas in a vessel is under pressure of $\pu{1800kPa}$. The design temperature of the tank is $\pu{423K}$. The gas consists of (by volume) $20\ \%$ of $\ce{CH4}$ and $80\ \%$ $\ce{N2}$. Estimate the density (in $\pu{kg/m^3}$) of the gas.
I can't just use the ideal gas law to find out the density of the mixture as ... |
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