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Why Cr(2+) stronger reducing agent than Fe(2+) in water? |
Is there a relationship between London dispersion forces and hydrophobic interactions? |
Remember your general chemistry. In an acid-base reaction, the equilibrium favors the side of the reaction with the weaker acid/base pair. Strong bases have weak conjugate acids. Strong acids have weak conjugate bases. Weak bases have strong conjugate acids. Weak acids have strong conjugate bases. Consider the followin... |
> How to get from a phenol to 1-phenoxy-2-propanone?
**My Attempt**:
Would we first need to protonate the phenol by addition of NaH, THF and then bromopropene.
Im not quite sure where i would go from here-any help would be much appreciated! |
> How to get from a phenol to 1-phenoxy-2-propanone?
**My Attempt**:
Would we first need to deprotonate the phenol by addition of NaH, THF and then add bromopropene.
I'm not quite sure where I would go from here. Any help would be much appreciated! |
**Edit: This answer is based on a typo in the original question referring to a different starting compound than the OP intended.**
A quick analysis of this reaction gives me the following:
![enter image description here][1]
3-ethyl-2-methylpentan-1,2-diol can be protonated by acid to produce cation **A** or **... |
>In particular, why doesn't it explode spontaneously at room temperature without a physical shock?
According to [this review article](http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/12s-explosive-chemistry.pdf), the low activation energy barrier for initiating the detonation of nitroglycerin is the culprit in r... |
How can [phenoxyacetone][1] be synthesized from phenol?
**My Attempt**:
We would first need to deprotonate phenol by addition of NaH in THF and then add bromopropene.
I'm not quite sure where I would go from here. Any help would be much appreciated!
[1]: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldri... |
My guess would be [cavitation][1], presumably 'non-inertial cavitation':
> Non-inertial cavitation is the process in which a bubble in a fluid is forced to oscillate in size or shape due to some form of energy input, such as an acoustic field. Such cavitation is often employed in ultrasonic cleaning baths and can a... |
Mechanism of initiation in contact explosives? |
I seem to be getting two different answers from my book and my teacher about PCR.
1. Does PCR require a double stranded piece of DNA that you are tryig to replicate, or does it require a circular piece of DNA (i.e. a plasmid)?
I believe that when we were doing the experiments, we used a plasmid.
2. Also,... |
It is well know that the sugar water can rotate the plane of linearly polarized light, so light bends when travelling in sugar water. However, do the liquid state of sugar but not the sugar solution also have this property? |
Can liquid sugar also bend light as sugar water does? |
Can molten sugar also bend light as sugar water does? |
Can molten sugar also rotate polarized light as sugar water does? |
Question-1: There are 38 different conformations (2 chairs, 6 boats, 6 skew-boats, 12 half-chairs and 12 envelopes) for $\alpha$ and $\beta$ aldohexose or ketohexose. Each of this 38 conformation can have 729 different isomers ($5~OH$ and $1~CH_2OH$) because of dihedral and tetrahedral angle ($3^6$ isomer, 3 (gg,gt,tg ... |
Question 1: There are 38 different conformations (2 chairs, 6 boats, 6 skew-boats, 12 half-chairs, and 12 envelopes) for an aldohexose or ketohexose, including $\alpha$ and $\beta$ anomers. Each of these 38 conformations can have 729 different isomers ($5~OH$ and $1~CH_2OH$) because of dihedral and tetrahedral angle ($... |
I have to questions regarding the conformations of carbohydrates.
1. There are 38 different conformations for an aldohexose or ketohexose, including $\alpha$ and $\beta$ anomers, namely 2 chairs, 6 boats, 6 skew-boats, 12 half-chairs and 12 envelopes.
Each of these 38 conformations can have 729 different iso... |
what is the branch of chemistry that deals with skin adhesives? Is there an adhesive that is not water soluble that is safe to use every day? |
How do you use this site? |
How can [phenoxyacetone][1] be synthesized from phenol?
**My Attempt**:
We would first need to deprotonate phenol by addition of NaH in THF and then add bromopropene.
I'm not quite sure where I would go from here. Any help would be much appreciated!
[1]: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldri... |
![enter image description here][1]
Based on the NMR data, I have determined that the molecule must be 1-phenoxy-2-propanone, however I may be wrong because given the proton NMR, there are only 4 unique carbon environments, however in 1-phenoxy-2-propanone, there are 5 carbon environments. In addition to that, on c... |
How can [phenoxyacetone][1] be synthesized from phenol?
**My Attempt**:
We would first need to deprotonate phenol by addition of NaH in THF and then add bromopropene.
I'm not quite sure where I would go from here. Any help would be much appreciated!
[1]: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldri... |
I may be only a physicist but I'm familiar with the superscripted dot to indicate a radical. In a paper I'm reading the authors have also used a superscripted open circle. I can't find any reference online or in my physical chemistry textbook (Atkins). Here's an example:
 provides several sites that address this challenging topic in organic chemistry in detail. Additionally, most organic chemistry textbooks spend several pages on the matter.
Here's a summary... |
>In particular, why doesn't it explode spontaneously at room temperature without a physical shock?
According to [this review article](http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/12s-explosive-chemistry.pdf), the low activation energy barrier for initiating the detonation of nitroglycerin is the culprit in r... |
>what is the branch of chemistry that deals with skin adhesives?
Likely a combination of biomedical engineering and organic chemistry, with some materials science in there as well.
>Is there an adhesive that is not water soluble that is safe to use every day?
Yes. [Mastisol](http://www.amazon.com/Mastisol-Liqu... |
![enter image description here][1]
The question was to rationalize it the ring cleavage happens concerted or non-concerted.
The papers *"The Mechanism of the Thermal Decomposition of
1-Pyrazolines and Its Relationship to
Cyclopropane Isomerizations"* (Crawford 1965/1966) have shown the loss of $\ce{N_2}$ is... |
Group II metals have smaller cationic size but one more valence electron than Group I metals, but why would higher charge density of a metal cation affect the strength of the bonding of it in its elemental state? |
Why does cationic charge density affect metallic bonding? |
Yesterday, I bought some "magic" rollerball pens (those with water-based ink), available in red, blue and black.
They look and write like a normal pen, but have an eraser at the upper end, just like a pencil. You can erase the ink with this eraser, but the real miracle is: A few seconds in the freezer at −18 °C, an... |
I was reading about side chain oxidation of alkyl side chains of benzene using alkaline KMnO4 and heat.My book (Solomon's and Frhyle) says that this is only for compounds having a benzylic hydrogen and has given examples of ethyl and methyl benzene.I have searched the internet but coud not find a mechanism.I tried to f... |
Based on the NMR data, I have determined that the molecule must be 1-phenoxy-2-propanone, however I may be wrong because given the proton NMR, there are only 4 unique carbon environments, however in 1-phenoxy-2-propanone, there are 5 carbon environments. In addition to that, on carbon environment "B" there is onl... |
![enter image description here][1]
Based on the NMR data, I have determined that the molecule must be 1-phenoxy-2-propanone, however I may be wrong because given the proton NMR, there are only 4 unique carbon environments, however in 1-phenoxy-2-propanone, there are 5 carbon environments. In addition to that, on c... |
My Attempt:
Would we first need to added in CH3I, LiCO3 and DMF in order to add a methyl group?
Consequently, if we add acetyl chloride and AlCl3, would we successfully arrive at 1-phenoxy-2-propanone?
Thank you so much in advance! |
How to get from a phenol to 1-phenoxy-2-propanone? |
How can [phenoxyacetone][1] be synthesized from phenol?
**My Attempt**:
We would first need to deprotonate phenol by addition of NaH in THF and then add bromopropene.
I'm not quite sure where I would go from here. Any help would be much appreciated!
[1]: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldri... |
>Why does 57th electron enter 5d subshell in lanthium, shouldn't it should enter 4f subshell according to aufbau rule?
>Also in thorium 89th and 90th electrons enter 6d subshell while they should enter 5f subshell? |
I would like to hear more about: Will an acrylic micro emulsion applied to polyamide 6 filaments (that have been coated with PTFE) weaken the filaments?
Also would polyester filaments be effected? |
Would polyamide 6 filaments be effected by an acrylic micro emulsion? |
I was reading about side chain oxidation of alkyl side chains of benzene using alkaline $\ce{KMnO4}$ and heat. My book (Solomon's and Frhyle) says that this is only for compounds having a benzylic hydrogen and has given examples of ethyl and methyl benzene. I have searched the internet but could not find a mechanism. I... |
>Why does the 57th electron enter the $5d$ subshell in lanthanum, shouldn't it should enter the $4f$ subshell according to the Aufbau rule?
>Also in thorium, the 89th and 90th electrons enter the $6d$ subshell while they should enter the $5f$ subshell? |
Group II metals have a smaller cationic size but one more valence electron than Group I metals. Why would the higher charge density of a metal cation affect the strength of the bonding of it in its elemental state? |
When a lower carboxylic acid(low mol.wt) is heated with P2O5 we get the corresponding anhydride.
My book says that this reaction happens with dehydrating agents such as P2O5.
I have also learned from my teacher that H2SO4 is also a good dehydrating agent.
My question is what makes a molecule a good dehydrating agent... |
What makes a compound a dehydrating agent? |
When a carboxylic acid with low molecular weight is heated with $\ce{P2O5}$ we get the corresponding anhydride. My book says that this reaction happens with dehydrating agents such as $\ce{P2O5}$. I have also learned from my teacher that $\ce{H2SO4}$ is also a good dehydrating agent.
My question is what makes a mol... |
Why do neuronal action potentials require both Na+ and K+? |
Cs and Fr are in the same group of lowest first ionization energy.But,which element has the lowest ionization energy?why? |
Which element has the lowest ionization energy? |
Cs and Fr are in the same group of lowest first ionization energy, But which element has the lowest ionization energy, and why? |
$\ce{Cs}$ and $\ce{Fr}$ are in the same group of lowest first ionization energy, But which element has the lowest ionization energy, and why? |
>which element has the lowest ionization energy?
The ionization energy for Cs is lower than that of Fr.
>why?
The [Wikipedia article on Francium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium) states:
>Francium has a slightly higher ionization energy than caesium, 392.811(4) kJ/mol as opposed to 375.7041(2) kJ/mol... |
Aluminium is along the dark line of the periodic table and it is p-block metal.
Is it metal or metalloid?
Why? |
Is aluminium metal or metalloid? |
>which element has the lowest ionization energy?
The ionization energy for Cs is lower than that of Fr.
>why?
The [Wikipedia article on Francium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium) states:
>Francium has a slightly higher ionization energy than caesium, 392.811(4) kJ/mol as opposed to 375.7041(2) kJ/mol... |
$\ce{Cs}$ and $\ce{Fr}$ are in the same group of lowest first ionization energy, but which element has the lowest ionization energy, and why? |
Does caesium or francium have a lower ionization energy? |
Aluminium is along the dark line of the Periodic Table and it is $p$-block metal.
Is it metal or a metalloid?
Why? |
Is aluminium a metal or metalloid? |
>which element has the lowest ionization energy?
The ionization energy for Cs is lower than that of Fr.
>why?
The [Wikipedia article on Francium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium) states:
>Francium has a slightly higher ionization energy than caesium, 392.811(4) kJ/mol as opposed to 375.7041(2) kJ/mol... |
I am trying to compute the ionization energy of $\ce{H2+}$ molecule ion from the electronic energy spectrum. The question is whether one should use the purely electronic Hamiltonian or the Hamiltonian with the internuclear repulsion term to do that? I illustrated two ways to compute the ionization energy below. Which o... |
Elements of group 6A, compared to 5A, require less ionization energy due to the paired electrons of 6A.
But a question arises: why does group 7A, compared to group 6A, require more ionization energy in spite of the paired electrons in group 7a too.
Regardless of the general trend that the ionization energy increa... |
Calculate the solubility of AgCl in:
Ksp = 1.6 × 10–10
100.0 mL of 4.00 x 10-3 M calcium chloride.
Ans: 2.0×10-8 M
My way of solving was 1.6*10^-10/4.00*10^-3=4.00*10^-14, sqrt of 4.00*10^-14= 2.0*10^-7, is this correct? |
Where does the 2.0*10^-8 comes from in calcium chloride? |
Calculate the solubility of $\ce{AgCl}$ ($K_{sp} = 1.6\times10^{-10}$) in $100.0~\mathrm{mL}$ of $4.00\times10^{-3}~\mathrm{M}$ calcium chloride.
The stated answer is: $2.0\times10^{-8}~\mathrm{M}$
My way of solving was: $$\frac{1.6\times10^{-10}}{4.00\times10^{-3}} = 4.00\times10^{-14}$$ $$\sqrt{4.00\times10^... |
I'm not sure what your train of thought was on this problem? Maybe annotating the problem would help see where you've gone wrong.
We're given that $K_{sp}$ = $[Ag^+][Cl^-]$ = $1.6\times10^{-10}$. Since the solution already contains a known concentration of the chloride ion, we will solve for the amount of $[Ag^+]$ ... |
I'm not sure what your train of thought was on this problem? Maybe annotating the problem would help see where you've gone wrong.
We're given that $K_{sp}$ = $[Ag^+][Cl^-]$ = $1.6\times10^{-10}$. Since the solution already contains a known concentration of the chloride ion, we will solve for the amount of $[Ag^+]$ ... |
I'm not sure what your train of thought was on this problem? Maybe annotating the problem would help see where you've gone wrong.
We're given that $K_{sp}$ = $[\ce{Ag+}][\ce{Cl-}]$ = $1.6\times10^{-10}$. Since the solution already contains a known concentration of the chloride ion, we will solve for the amount of $... |
In there synthesis description [Fedorov et al.](http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RUCB.0000030813.05424.1f) write when it comes to the $^1$H-NMR ($\ce{CDCl3}$) assignments of 2-(bromomethyl)phenylboronic acid
![2-(bromomethyl)phenylboronic acid][1]
that the $\ce{CH2}$ group has three separate singuletts at $4.75$, $5.0... |
[Fedorov et al.](http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RUCB.0000030813.05424.1f) assign the $^1$H-NMR ($\ce{CDCl3}$) chemical shifts of the $\ce{CH2}$ group in 2-(bromomethyl)phenylboronic acid
![2-(bromomethyl)phenylboronic acid][1]
to three singlets at $4.75$, $5.09$ and $5.15~\ce{ppm}$ in a ratio of $3:3:14$.
Can som... |
What is the structure and preparation for bleaching powder? Why there is a **controversy** in the formula of bleaching powder? |
what is the formula of bleaching powder? |
If pH is defined as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, then how can a ‘neutralized’ solution (defined as having an equal amount of hydrogen and hydroxide ions) have a pH other than 7?
[Wikipedia][2] writes: “In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide... |
This question came up a few times in my combustion classes but that was a few years back, and now I forgot the answer.
So why does the peak adiabatic temperature usually happen for an equivalence ratio a bit higher than 1? I think it had something to do with the probability of each fuel molecule finding a correspond... |
Why is the maximum adiabatic temperature found for an equivalence ratio a bit higher than 1? |
Lithium aminoborohydride is a versatile reducing agent. In the scheme below, I don't understand how does unhindered LAB afford an alcohol in the reduction of amides while a hindered LAB affords an amine. Why are two different products obtained and by what mechanisms do these reductions take place?
![enter image desc... |
I want to convert `mol` files to `InChiKey`.I am using `OpenBabel` for the conversion,But I have over `500` mol files and converting them one by one is too time consuming.Is there some way to convert them all at once? |
I want to convert `mol` files to `InChiKey`. I am using `OpenBabel` for the conversion but I have over `500` mol files and converting them one by one is too time consuming. Is there some way to convert them all at once? |
Suppose I have a group of organic compounds say A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H. I know their chemical formula and their names. Now there exists a reaction among these compounds. But we do not know which compounds would react to give which products. It may be that A and B react to give C and D or B and D react to give F and H. If we a... |
The following [comment][1] by Wildcat made me think about weather density functional theory (DFT) can be considered an *ab initio* method.
> @Martin-マーチン, this is sort of nitpicking, but DFT (where the last "T" comes from "Theory") can be considered as an ab-initio method since the theory itself is built from the fi... |
Is density functional theory an ab initio method? |
Suppose I have a group of organic compounds say A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. I know their chemical formula and their names. Now there exists a reaction among these compounds but we do not know which compounds would react to give which products. It may be that A and B react to give C and D or B and D react to give F and H. I... |
In my textbook of chemistry it is written that
> In the Lewis description of covalent bond, the Bond order is given by the number of bonds between the two atoms of a molecule.
...
Isoelectronic molecules and ions have identical bond orders; for example, $F_2$ and $O_2^2$$^-$ have bond order $1$. $N_2$, $CO$ and $NO... |
Are bond order always the same? |
In my textbook of chemistry it is written that:
> In the Lewis description of covalent bond, the Bond order is given by the number of bonds between the two atoms of a molecule.
...
Isoelectronic molecules and ions have identical bond orders; for example, $\ce{F2}$ and $\ce{O2^{2-}}$ have bond order $1$. $\ce{N2}$... |
I want to convert `mol` files to `InChiKey`. I am using `OpenBabel` for the conversion but I have over `500` mol files and converting them one by one is too time consuming. Is there some way to convert them all at once?
**Edit** This is a sample mol file
0187.cdx
Sample
8 8 0 0 0 0 0... |
The acronym DFA I used in my comment originates from Axel D. Becke [paper][1] on 50 year anniversary of DFT in chemistry.
> Let us introduce the acronym DFA at this point for “density-functional
> *approximation*.” If you attend DFT meetings, you will know that Mel
> Levy often needs to remind us that DFT is *exac... |
The acronym DFA I used in my comment originates from Axel D. Becke paper on 50 year anniversary of DFT in chemistry.
> Let us introduce the acronym DFA at this point for “density-functional
> *approximation*.” If you attend DFT meetings, you will know that Mel
> Levy often needs to remind us that DFT is *exact*. T... |
I want to convert `mol` files to `InChiKey`. I am using `OpenBabel` for the conversion but I have over `500` mol files and converting them one by one is too time consuming. Is there some way to convert them all at once?
**Edit 1** This is a sample mol file
0187.cdx
Sample
8 8 0 0 0 0 ... |
The acronym DFA I used in my comment originates from Axel D. Becke paper on 50 year anniversary of DFT in chemistry.
> Let us introduce the acronym DFA at this point for “density-functional
> *approximation*.” If you attend DFT meetings, you will know that Mel
> Levy often needs to remind us that DFT is *exact*. T... |
Are bond orders always the same in isoelectronic diatomic species? |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/BwMkS.png
Esters of catechol undergoes **Fries rearrangement**
But one product is formed more than the other.
I believe it is due to the electron withdrawing nature of $\ce{OCOCH3}$ group which prefers the attack on meta position.I was a... |
Where can we find the inventors of all chemicals?
Discoverers of elements are easily found. |
Where can we find the inventors of all chemicals? |
Do we get the cis enolate with following bases $\ce{NR_3}$ (R: alkyl) to hexan-3-one?
a) $\ce{NEt_3}$
b) $\ce{NMeEt_2}$
c) $\ce{N(iPr)_2Et}$
(assumption: no steric boron reagent added) |
Enolate formation: cis or trans? |
Do we get the cis enolate with following bases $\ce{NR_3}$ (R: alkyl) to heptan-4-one?
a) $\ce{NMe_3}$ (small)
b) $\ce{NEt_3}$
c) $\ce{NMeEt_2}$
d) $\ce{N(iPr)_2Et}$ (bulky)
(assumption: no steric boron reagent added) |
[This Wikipedia article][1] provides a nice overview of the Fries rearrangement. They note that the mechanism of the rearrangement is not fully understood, but the following mechanism is generally accepted.
![enter image description here][2]
The key step in the reaction is thought to involve the interaction of a ... |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/BwMkS.png
Esters of catechol undergo the **Fries rearrangement**
But one product is formed more than the other.
I believe it is due to the electron withdrawing nature of the $\ce{OCOCH3}$ group which prefers the attack on meta position.I... |
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