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It is easy to compare two ionic compounds when one of the radicals is same. However, how do we compare two compounds if one of the radicals is the same element but just has different charge and the other radical is completely different? |
How would one compare the magnitude of covalent character between SnCl4 and SnF2 using Fajan's Rules? |
It is easy to compare two ionic compounds when one of the ions is same. However, how do we compare two compounds if one of the ions is the same element but just has different charge and the other ion is completely different? |
Melting points are a bit trickier to compare than boiling points, especially when you're looking at the lightest examples of a group of molecules. [This graph][1] for the unbranched alkanes exemplifies nicely how the trends differ in smoothness.
As you increase the weight of molecules, the observed trend depends on... |
Melting points are a bit trickier to compare than boiling points, especially when you're looking at the lightest examples of a group of molecules. [This graph][1] for the unbranched alkanes exemplifies nicely how the trends differ in smoothness.
As you increase the weight of molecules, the observed trend depends on... |
I know soap molecules form micelles. Do they also form liposomes in water? I need the reasons too. |
Do soap molecules form liposomes? |
I'm interested in learning organic chemistry, and am following a text (Organic Chemistry by Clayden) and an online course. I also have access to ChemBio3D.
I feel as though the way chemistry is taught conventionally is more difficult than it needs to be. Some online courses utilize industry software when teaching t... |
Learning Chemistry With Software? |
What is the term for the amount of volume change at a phase boundary? |
why is francium not included in the reactivity series?? Why is potassium considered more reactive when francium is actually!
I KNOW THAT REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP.! BUT WHY DOESNT IT APPLY HERE??
PLEASE RY TO CLARIFY MY DOUBT |
why doesnt the trends apply inreactivity series? |
- Why is francium not included in the reactivity series?
- Why is potassium considered more reactive when francium is actually!
I know that reactivity increases down the group! But why does it not apply here? Please clarify my doubts. |
Why do the trends in reactivity not apply for francium? |
When a thin lead sheet is hammered, what happens to internal energy, does it increase, decrease or remains the same or first increases and then decreases? |
where can I find thermodynamics properties for octane at $T_s$?
I need this properties or where can i find all ?
$$\rho_v=?$$
$$h_fg=?$$
$$\mu_l=? $$
$$k_l=?$$ |
Which one is more stable, alkyl carbo cations or aryl carbo cations and why ?
Debittree choudhury |
Which one is more stable, alkyl carbo cations or aryl carbo cations and why? |
where can I find thermodynamics properties for octane at saturated Temp.$T_s$?
I need this properties or where can i find all ?
$$liquid-density=\rho_l=?$$
$$vapor-density=\rho_v=?$$
$$latent-heat-of-evaporation=h_fg=?$$
$$liquid-kinematic-viscosity=\mu_l=? $$
$$liquid-conductivity=k_l=?$$ |
Which one is more stable, alkyl carbocations or aryl carbocations and why? |
I am learning Chemistry from a book Heterocyclic compounds and I have bumped onto a following image with given tasks:
<center>*![enter image description here][1]*</center>
What is the balanced reaction?
What is the RMM of thiazole?
What is the fuel-air mass ratio?
What is the oxygen depletion? ... |
First I have to ask about the premise of your question- why are you teaching yourself chemistry from a book on heterocyclic compounds? The rest of your question suggests you've skipped the basics and jumped to fairly advanced stuff. There are many good introductory chemistry that will walk you through problems simila... |
I performed an experiment where I did this:
> Add one spatula of malachite to a test tube, add dilute hydrochloric acid to the malachite until the test tube is one third full. Note observations and identify gas produced.
The green solid turned to a blue solution and there was an effervescence of hydrogen. Howeve... |
How does malachite react with acid? |
I performed an experiment where I did this:
> Add one spatula of malachite to a test tube, add dilute hydrochloric acid to the malachite until the test tube is one third full. Note observations and identify gas produced.
The green solid turned to a blue solution and there was an effervescence of hydrogen. Howeve... |
I sort of know how carbonated beverages are carbonated: a lot of $\ce{CO2}$ gets pushed into the liquid, and the container is sealed. There are at least two things I don't know. First, how much carbon dioxide is actually dissolved in the liquid? Second, what is the resulitng partial pressure of $\ce{CO2}$ in the headsp... |
What is the carbon dioxide content of a soda can or bottle? |
Recently people have been reporting that if you blow 'HHO' gas (Oxyhydrogen) into a used catalytic converter it gives off excessive heat.
Look [here](https://www.google.com/search?q=hho+catalytic+converter) for any number of examples.
There is a [suggestion](http://www.e-catworld.com/2014/01/looking-at-the-h-cat-... |
when we heat potassium permanganate The equation of the decomposition of it is:
2KMnO4 –Δ→ K2MnO4 + MnO2(s) + O2.? so what will happen to potassium manganate (K2MnO4) when we continue heating ? |
The effect is indeed amazing, if you compare the $pK_a$ of *tert*-butanol (17.0) with that of phenol (9.95).
Deprotonation is facilitated when the reaction goes downfill (energywise). In order to obtain stabilization of the anion, the negative charge needs to be distributed over a larger number of centres. This dist... |
When we heat potassium permanganate The equation of the decomposition of it is:
$\ce{2KMnO4}$ –Δ→ $\ce{K2MnO4 + MnO2(s) + O2}$.? so what will happen to potassium manganate ($\ce{K2MnO4}$) when we continue heating ? |
When we heat potassium permanganate, the equation of the decomposition of it is:
$$\ce{2KMnO4 ->[\Delta] K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2}$$
So what will happen to potassium manganate ($\ce{K2MnO4}$) when we continue heating? |
The effect is indeed amazing, if you compare the $pK_a$ of *tert*-butanol (17.0) with that of phenol (9.95).
Deprotonation is facilitated when the reaction goes downfill (energywise). In order to obtain stabilization of the anion, the negative charge needs to be distributed over a larger number of centres. This dist... |
best way or site to study stereochemistry? |
The effect is indeed amazing, if you compare the $pK_a$ of *tert*-butanol (17.0) with that of phenol (9.95).
Deprotonation is facilitated when the reaction goes downfill (energywise). In order to obtain stabilization of the anion, the negative charge needs to be distributed over a larger number of centres. This dist... |
nitrating solution - HNO3 + H2SO4 concentration doubt? |
I am well versed with all the named reactions and all of organic chemistry. I am quite weak in stereochemistry.
What canonical text can I use to study this topic and connect with other parts of the chemistry? |
What is the canonical reference for studying stereochemistry? |
Is alcohol lewis base or bronsted base? |
ALL ARE WRONG... You read it right.
Draw Molecular orbital diagram of NO... You will see...
See? That electron in antibonding orbital... So easy to lose it... Hence it easily goes to $NO^+$ and $Fe(II)$ to $Fe(I)$.
Remember if you read something extraordinary which claims something out of daily routine(especia... |
This seems like a stupid question, but how would I find the product of a single displacement reaction like the following?
Pb + Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> → ?
Normally, a single displacement reaction follows the path of A + BX → AX + B. However, what will the equation look like when A and B are the same elemen... |
Single Displacement Reactions: A + AX =? |
This seems like a stupid question, but how would I find the product of a single displacement reaction like the following?
$$\ce{Pb + Pb(NO3)2 -> \ ?}$$
Normally, a single displacement reaction follows the path of $\ce{A + BX -> AX + B}$. However, what will the equation look like when A and B are the same element? |
Through an [interesting approach][1], authors estimate $\ce{CO2}$ pressure inside carbonated beverages, by measuring the freezing point ($fp$) depression caused by $\ce{CO2}$. In other words, when $\ce{CO2}$ is dissolved in water a
solution is formed and the freezing point is lowered.
The molality of $m_{\ce{CO2}... |
Here is my second question, I know 1000 grams of water is 1 liter. But does the density affect the result? What if the substance is mercury?
When you add seed crystal in to a supersaturated solution, the solute comes out. Does this make it saturated? Is what came out the extra solute that make it supersaturated? Or ... |
First I have to ask about the premise of your question- why are you teaching yourself chemistry from a book on heterocyclic compounds? The rest of your question suggests you've skipped the basics and jumped to fairly advanced stuff. There are many good introductory chemistry that will walk you through problems simila... |
This is referring to the Cu-Si phase diagram in which composition varies along a horizontal line at a certain temperature. I understand that as you move along that line different intermetallic or liquid phases form, but from a activity point of view does the activity go up because of different crystallographic arrangem... |
How does the activity of Sn chemical potential vary as a function of composition at 900 C? |
According to my textbook (and intuitively) certain changes when the aforementioned 3 variables are altered occur in accordance with Le Chatelier's Principle. However, what I don't understand is what makes temperature change alter the equilibrium constant while the other two do not. All three cause changes in the equili... |
According to my textbook (and intuitively) certain changes when the aforementioned 3 variables are altered occur in accordance with Le Chatelier's Principle. However, what I don't understand is what makes temperature change alter the equilibrium constant while the other two do not. All three cause changes in the equili... |
Why does the equilibrium constant depend on the temperature but not on pressure and concentration? |
Battery leaks was an issue in the 80s and 90s, and since quality and innovation is constantly improving, I thought battery leak might be slowly going away. But I found that even nowadays, name brand alkaline batteries still leak after a while, even if originally concealed in a tight package of the metal shell. Is it tr... |
This is referring to the Cu-Sn phase diagram in which composition varies along a horizontal line at a certain temperature. I understand that as you move along that line different intermetallic or liquid phases form, but from a activity point of view does the activity go up because of different crystallographic arrangem... |
The reason for leaks in alkaline batteries is that as batteries discharge — either through usage or gradual self-discharge — the chemistry of the cells changes and some hydrogen gas is generated. This out-gassing increases pressure in the battery. Eventually, the excess pressure either ruptures the insulating seals at ... |
Through an [interesting approach][1], authors estimate $\ce{CO2}$ pressure inside carbonated beverages, by measuring the freezing point ($fp$) depression caused by $\ce{CO2}$. In other words, when $\ce{CO2}$ is dissolved in water, a
solution is formed and the freezing point is lowered.
The molality of $m_{\ce{CO2... |
The effect is indeed amazing, if you compare the $pK_a$ of *tert*-butanol (17.0) with that of phenol (9.95).
Deprotonation is facilitated when the reaction goes downhill (energywise). In order to obtain stabilization of the anion, the negative charge needs to be distributed over a larger number of centres. This dist... |
I am uncertain about the 'popoff' rule you mention. There are two reactions that can oxidize ketones, and one seems to follow the behavior you are suggesting, but does not form a carboxylic acid. The other reaction does form carboxylic acids, but is more complex.
The [Baeyer-Villager oxidation][1] is an oxidation of... |
"The Lanthanide Contraction refers to the fact that the 5s and 5p orbitals penetrate the 4f sub-shell so the 4f orbital is not shielded from the increasing nuclear change."
First, 5s and 5p are filled before 4f, so if the atom wants to give an electron out, which energy shell does the electron come out of? How 5s a... |
We know that if a system's equilibrium is exposed to a stress, the system shifts to relieve that stress. According to my teacher, certain kinds of pressures are stresses and others are not.
Normally, if we just say that the total pressure of a container with a reaction occuring inside is increased, the reaction shif... |
We know that if a system's equilibrium is exposed to a stress, the system shifts to relieve that stress. According to my teacher, certain kinds of pressures are stresses and others are not.
Normally, if we just say that the total pressure of a container with a reaction occuring inside is increased, the reaction shif... |
Le Chatelier's principle is not about $pressure$, it is about $concentrations$ and $temperature$ (Please also see good article in wiki [Le Chatelier's principle][1]).
Le Chatelier's principle is also called `"The Equilibrium Law"`, that can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a $chemical\spa... |
Le Chatelier's principle is not about $pressure$, it is about $concentrations$ and $temperature$ (Please also see good article in wiki [Le Chatelier's principle][1]).
Le Chatelier's principle is also called `"The Equilibrium Law"`, that can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a $chemical\spa... |
Le Chatelier's principle is not about _pressure_, it is about _concentrations_ and _temperature_ (Please also see the good article on Wikipedia for [Le Chatelier's principle][1]).
Le Chatelier's principle is also called **"The Equilibrium Law"**, that can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a... |
> Which two substances react spontaneously?
> (A) $\ce{Ag}$ and $\ce{Cu}$
> (B) $\ce{Ag+}$ and $\ce{Cu}$
> (C) $\ce{Ag}$ and $\ce{Cu^2+}$
> (D) $\ce{Ag+}$ and $\ce{Cu^2+}$
> $\tiny{\text{Taken from 2012 Chem Olympiad}}$
The given answer is B, yet I am unclear as to why. I believe it has something... |
Which two substances react spontaneously? |
ALL ARE WRONG... You read it right.
Draw Molecular orbital diagram of NO... You will see...
See? That electron in antibonding orbital... So easy to lose it... Hence it easily goes to $NO^+$ and $Fe(II)$ to $Fe(I)$.
Remember if you read something extraordinary which claims something out of daily routine(especia... |
To obtain phenylamine after it is formed from the reduction of nitrobenzene with tin, we carried out steam distillation.
This is what I learned in class:
> "During the process,steam is injected into the flask (containing the reaction mixture) to create artificial vapour pressure on the surface of the liquid. When... |
Steam distillation- how it actually works? |
The diazo dye (**1**), known as **Solvent Yellow 124** or **Somalia Yellow** is soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons. In the European Community, it is used to mark low-taxed diesel fuel (for heating purposes). In order to prevent its use in cars, samples are acidified. This results in acetal cleavage and protonation of th... |
Le Chatelier's principle is not about _pressure_, it is about _concentrations_ and _temperature_ (Please also see the good article on Wikipedia for [Le Chatelier's principle][1]).
Le Chatelier's principle is also called **"The Equilibrium Law"**, that can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a... |
Is there a way (other than collecting water and heating it on the stove ) to get hot/warm water from the tap without having to alter existing plumbing or electrical wiring ? |
Is there a way to get hot water without altering plumbing or electrical wiring too much? |
Le Chatelier's principle is not about _pressure_, it is about _concentrations_ and _temperature_ (Please also see the good article on Wikipedia for [Le Chatelier's principle][1]).
Le Chatelier's principle is also called **"The Equilibrium Law"**, that can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a... |
Le Chatelier's principle is not about _pressure_, it is about _concentrations_ and _temperature_ (Please also see the good article on Wikipedia for [Le Chatelier's principle][1]).
Le Chatelier's principle is also called **"The Equilibrium Law"**, that can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a... |
To obtain phenylamine after it is formed from the reduction of nitrobenzene with tin, we carried out steam distillation.
This is what I learned in class:
> "During the process,steam is injected into the flask (containing the reaction mixture) to create artificial vapour pressure on the surface of the liquid. When... |
What are some examples of a clear, liquid, UV photoactive polymer? |
Is there a way (other than collecting water and heating it on the stove ) to get hot/warm water from the tap without having to alter existing plumbing or electrical wiring ?
EDIT: Perhaps use a chemical reaction to provide the heat to warm the water ? |
:) Without being a chemist myself, I need some basic understanding of the ion activities in my buffer solutions.
I am using 250mM KCl and 20mM KCl (+ 10mM MOPS/Tris) buffers at different pH-values (5, 6, 7).
Now I am wondering whether the ion activity of the K$^+$ and Cl$^-$ ions is different for the buffers wit... |
Is ion activity in a salt solution pH-dependent? |
If the volume of each sampe of gas was reduced to one-tenth of its original size and the temp remained the same, which gas would have the lower pressure. I'm getting confused because my options are C6H4, C3H4, N2, O2, and Cl2. Our teacher told us to pick the polar compound but the problem is all of them are polar. Woul... |
If the volume of each sample of gas was reduced to one-tenth of its original size and the temperature remained the same, which gas would have the lower pressure. I'm getting confused because my options are $\rm C_6H_4$, $\rm C_3H_4$, $\rm N_2$, $\rm O_2$, and $\rm Cl_2$. Our teacher told us to pick the polar compound b... |
Approximate time for pure water PH to equilibriate in open air? |
what is the grounded state electronic configuration of Chromium ??
Is it **[Ar]4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>4</sup>** or
Is it **[Ar]4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup>** |
Approximate time for pure water pH to equilibrate in open air? |
What is the ground state electron configuration of chromium?
Is it **[Ar]4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>4</sup>** or
Is it **[Ar]4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup>** |
How is the wavelength chosen to measure the concentration of an ion determined? and What does the wavelength correspond to in an atom/ion?
When light is shined on a solution what happens to the ions in solution? Include how and why light is absorbed or emitted from a substance.
Would a high or low concentrati... |
:) Without being a chemist myself, I need some basic understanding of the ion activities in my buffer solutions.
Now I am wondering whether the ion activity of the K$^+$ and Cl$^-$ ions is different for the buffers with different pH-values.
When I google for that, all I get is ion activity for the hydrogen ion, ... |
How is the wavelength chosen to measure the concentration of an ion determined? and What does the wavelength correspond to in an atom/ion?
When light is shined on a solution what happens to the ions in solution? Include how and why light is absorbed or emitted from a substance.
Would a high or low concentrati... |
How is frequency related to concentration in a spectrophotometer? |
How to chose wavelength in spectrophotometry? How to use Beer-Lambert Law? |
How to trace an Energy Time diagram? |
If the volume of each sample of gas was reduced to one-tenth of its original size and the temperature remained the same, which gas would have the lower pressure. I'm getting confused because my options are $\rm C_6H_4$, $\rm C_3H_4$, $\rm N_2$, $\rm O_2$, and $\rm Cl_2$. Our teacher told us to pick the polar compound b... |
Challenging reaction question? |
I have the first part correct; however, I can't seem to understand what the 2nd part's answer is. I realize the water leaves, but then what? ![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/ADED2.png |
Dean-Stark Apparatus question? |
For example, given a reaction
$\ce{NaCl -> Na+ + Cl-}$
and its $Ksp$ value, I know that you can set up
$$Ksp\; =\; \left[ Na^{+} \right]\left[ \mbox{C}l^{-} \right]$$ and solve from there.
My question is why do you not put $[NaCl]$ in the denominator, as isn't that part of the equilibrium expression also? |
How do I solve problems where I'm asked for $\triangle H$ and given $\triangle H$ values for equations with the involved elements? For example:
Find the $\triangle H$ of the following reaction:
$C + O_{2} \Longrightarrow CO _{2}$, given:
$SrO + O _{2} \Longrightarrow SrCO_{3}$**;** $\triangle H = -234 kJ$
$2... |
Hess's Law/Enthalpy of Formation problems? |
The pKa is the -log_10 of the kA value for the disassociation of an acid. So how do you get a pKa value for a base? The base produces no hydrogen ions so can't you only have a pKb? |
How do you have pKa for a base? |
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