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Ozone is a resonating structure, is it because of its resonance and bent structure that it is a polar molecule? Is it because of the formal charges, do they formal charges determine the direction of the dipole moment. If yes, how does this work with resonating structures. Initially, I thought that resonance structures ... |
Does resonance affect polarity? |
Why is it that $pK_{\ce{a-HF}} \lt pK_{\ce{a-HCl}}\lt pK_{\ce{a-HBr}}\lt pK_{\ce{a-HI}}$, although the electronegativity decreases? The more electronegative the atom accompanying hydrogen, the lower the energy of the $\sigma^\ast$ bond. The lower the energy of the $\sigma^\ast$ bond, the easier it is for nucleophiles t... |
NCl₃ + H₂O → NH₃ + HOCl , the resulting solution is acidic, basic or neutral? |
This is indeed a advanced exercise so maybe first you should made more easier exercises. In this case the student need to know **mole concept** and **equilibrium concept** that are not directly linked, the problem here is more related to equilibrium concept. For the future he/she should begin to reasoning following the... |
Ozone is a resonating structure, is it because of its resonance and bent structure that it is a polar molecule? Or Is it because of the formal charges whereby the formal charges determine the direction of the dipole moment. If yes, how does this work with resonating structures. Initially, I thought that resonating stru... |
My freshwater fish tank has a pH of 5.8 and a KH value in excess of 40 or 720+ppm while still maintaining a water hardness of 20 ppm or GH< 1 now I am a math/phsyics student but I have taken both first year chem class at university so I expect to follow most basic ideas pertaining to chemistry but this doesn't make a l... |
Does resonance affect the polarity of the molecule? |
Consider the reaction **100ml 10M** $\ce{NaOH_{aq}} +$ **100ml 10M** $\ce{NaHSO3 +}$ **100mL 0.01M** $\ce{KMnO4}$
In the picture posted here, the left columns give information on the Molarity of species present **before** 100mL 0.01 M $\ce{KMnO4}$ is added. The right column is **after** $\ce{KMnO4}$ is added.
A nearest neighbour in general terms is liter... |
[This link may help](http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0QIeAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188&lpg=PA188&dq=zN1+%3D+2N11+%2B+N12&source=bl&ots=gRJ9qq9QqT&sig=RAU5A0tarnHZGszppftEtOyKr9k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XhSfU9e-CoWs0QXIrYCICQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=zN1%20%3D%202N11%20%2B%20N12&f=false)
A nearest neighbour in general terms is liter... |
My freshwater fish tank has a pH of 5.8 and a KH value in excess of 40 or 720+ppm while still maintaining a water hardness of 20 ppm or GH< 1 now I am a math/phsyics student but I have taken both first year chem class at university so I expect to follow most basic ideas pertaining to chemistry but this doesn't make a l... |
What are the products for the redox reaction $\ce{HCl + SnCl_2 + KMnO_4}$? |
What are the products for the redox reaction HCl + SnCl₂ + KMnO₄? |
so I had these two reactions that confused me .. I tried the standard way of balancing it (Putting oxygen number everywhere, +1,+2,-2 etc.) and then go on with it but it didnt work
So anyways here are the 2 reactions:
(3) Cu + (8) HNO3 --> (3)Cu (NO3)s + (2)NO + (4)H2O
(3)Ag + (4)HNO3 --> (3) AgNO3 + NO + (2)H... |
So I had these two reactions that confused me .. I tried the standard way of balancing it (Putting oxygen number everywhere, +1,+2,-2 etc.) and then go on with it but it didn't work
So anyways here are the 2 reactions:
$$\ce{3 Cu + 8HNO3-> 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O}$$
$$\ce{3Ag + 4HNO3 -> 3AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O}$$
I... |
I have seen certain metals such as Aluminium used in a situation where it is in a powdered form and "compacted" into a shape under intense pressure (in a mould), and it ends up looking mostly like solid metal. It is also heated afterwards, I assume to form a complete metallic bond.<br/ >
I have a few questions on this:... |
There are a few basic principles that are useful to keep in mind when you want to balance a redox equation.
1) OILRIG - Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)
Let's look at the basics of the first equation: $$\ce{Cu + HNO3-> Cu(NO3)2} + ?$$
On the left hand side we have Cu(0) metal and N(V), on t... |
I'm looking for an explanation of the bonding in the phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) ion:
![enter image description here][1]
(Image courtesy of [Wikipedia][2])
Phosphorus (<sub>15</sub>P) - being the fifteenth element - has fifteen electrons, five valence electrons and the following electron configurat... |
There are a few basic principles that are useful to keep in mind when you want to balance a redox equation.
1) OILRIG - Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)
Let's look at the basics of the first equation: $$\ce{Cu + HNO3-> Cu(NO3)2} + ?$$
On the left hand side we have Cu(0) metal and N(V), on t... |
In converting glucose from its acyclic form to either cyclic form (alpha or beta) why is the C5 hydroxyl group used instead of the bottommost hydroxyl group?
(Also, are these structures considered isomers? All sources I've seen only say "form" or "representation.") |
Glucose: acyclic --> cyclic. Why the C5 hydroxyl group? |
> Phosphorus (15P) - being the fifteenth element - has fifteen
> electrons, five valence electrons and the following electron
> configuration:
>
> 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
>
> This being so, by what means does it form its bonds? Naively, one
> might expect it to form 3 single covalent bonds and be happy. But it
> ... |
> Phosphorus (15P) - being the fifteenth element - has fifteen
> electrons, five valence electrons and the following electron
> configuration:
>
> 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
>
> This being so, by what means does it form its bonds? Naively, one
> might expect it to form 3 single covalent bonds and be happy. But it
> ... |
> Phosphorus (15P) - being the fifteenth element - has fifteen
> electrons, five valence electrons and the following electron
> configuration:
>
> 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
>
> This being so, by what means does it form its bonds? Naively, one
> might expect it to form 3 single covalent bonds and be happy. But it
> ... |
In converting glucose from its acyclic form to either cyclic form (alpha or beta) why is the C5 hydroxyl group used instead of the bottommost hydroxyl group?
Also, are these structures considered isomers? All sources I've seen only say "form" or "representation." |
Why is the acyclic to cyclic rearrangement of Glucose formed via the C5 hydroxyl group? |
> Phosphorus (15P) - being the fifteenth element - has fifteen
> electrons, five valence electrons and the following electron
> configuration:
>
> 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
>
> This being so, by what means does it form its bonds? Naively, one
> might expect it to form 3 single covalent bonds and be happy. But it
> ... |
> Phosphorus (15P) - being the fifteenth element - has fifteen
> electrons, five valence electrons and the following electron
> configuration:
>
> $1s^2$ $2s^2$ $2p^6$ $3s^2$ $3p^3$
>
> This being so, by what means does it form its bonds? Naively, one
> might expect it to form 3 single covalent bonds and be ha... |
> Phosphorus ($\ce{^{15}P}$) - being the fifteenth element - has fifteen
> electrons, five valence electrons and the following electron
> configuration:
>
> $\ce{1s^2,~2s^2,~2p^6,~3s^2,~3p^3}$
>
> This being so, by what means does it form its bonds? Naively, one
> might expect it to form 3 single covalent bond... |
Many metals have high melting and Boiling point but Mercury has low Melting and boiling point?What are the possible reasons? |
Many metals have high melting and boiling point but Mercury has low melting and boiling point. What are the possible reasons? |
Why does Mercury have low melting and boiling point? |
Why does Mercury have low melting and boiling points? |
Acc. to my book,equivalent weight is defined as the 'number of parts by weight' of an element that interacts with $1.008$ parts by weight of hydrogen.It is dimensionless while gram equivalent weight has gram as units.But in http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_weight , equivalent weight & gram equivalent weight a... |
What is defined by part by weight in the definition of equivalent weight? |
The previous answers don't take in account the environment:
> They were operated in conditions of intense humidity/heat and were
> placed near the **sea**.
Near the sea means that there are certainly a lot of $Cl^{-}$ ions in your metal. Chloride ions are a very dangerous species for metals conservation they te... |
Thank you very much, both of you, for some very detailed replies. I'm going to try to synthesise them into a single answer, which I hope will be accurate. Here is how I understand it, armed with the new knowledge contained within the posts above:
In the phosphate ion we have a central Phosphorus atom, with five vale... |
I have seen certain metals such as Aluminium used in a situation where it is in a powdered form and "compacted" into a shape under intense pressure (in a mould), and it ends up looking mostly like solid metal. It is also heated afterwards, I assume to form a complete metallic bond.<br/>
I have a few questions on this:... |
*This question is purely out of curiosity and to help me remember the "why" of a mechanism to help me remember the "what/how".*
In organic chemistry we recently studied the S<sub>n</sub>2 Substitution of Primary Alcohol with PBr<sub>3</sub>:
![Originally from Wikipedia PBr3_alcohol_rxn.jpg][1]
My question is,... |
'While naming any compound, the numbering should be done such that position of substituted groups gives smallest sum.'
I'm struggling with IUPAC naming for cyclic compounds. How exactly does one go about studying this? Perhaps I can make use of a source online?
Many thanks. |
Is the following statement about IUPAC nomenclature of substituted benzene accurate? |
Can polyatomic ions (CO₃ ,PO₄ ,SO₄ ,NO₃ ) be considered conjugated systems? |
"Conjugated" implies a 1,3-shift to move an electron or hole. It is a remnant of LCAO modeling that is obviously wrong but fantastically useful short of the Woodward-Hoffmann rules. I'm not sure inorganikers would like the name as such. MO modeling is accurate but unwieldly. "Delocalized" or "resonance hybrid" is go... |
How to change CO₂ to a less polluting gas? |
What are the products when tert-butyl ethyl ether is cleaved with concentrated $\ce{HI}$?
My answer is iodoethane and tert-butanol, but the correct answer is ethanol and 2-iodo-2-methylpropane.
I know that the ethyl side goes by an SN2 mechanism because it is a primary R group, and the t-butyl group would be SN1... |
Why do we write NH₃? |
I've been told that this molecule is aromatic. As it has four obvious pi electrons (in the double bonds), I assumed that it was anti-aromatic as opposed to aromatic.
I've been operating under the assumption that a nitrogen does not contribute its pi electrons to the aro... |
When does nitrogen contribute its electrons to aromaticity? |
Both nitrogens in your drawing are roughly $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized, therefore they each have a p-orbital and 3 $\ce{sp^2}$ hybdridized orbitals. All of the p-orbitals, including those on the 3 carbon atoms in the double bonds, are perpendicular to the plane of the screen (*e.g.* they project above and below the plane o... |
Here's a crude, qualitative method:
Note that on top, delocalizing the electrons from that particular nitrogen results in a resonance contributor that has an $\ce{sp}$ hybridized nitrogen. $\ce{sp}$ hybridization implies a linear bond angle (180 degrees). Do you think we can get anywhere close to a linear bond angle... |
Here's a crude, qualitative method:
Note that on top, delocalizing the electrons from that particular nitrogen results in a resonance contributor that has an $\ce{sp}$ hybridized nitrogen. $\ce{sp}$ hybridization implies a linear bond angle (180 degrees). Do you think we can get anywhere close to a linear bond angle... |
I was asked to solve this problem, and the answer key shows this:
I'm not sure what's going on here, but it looks like some sort of a rearrangement and reduction. Is it an internal reaction between the ether and the alkene? |
What's this reaction? |
Both nitrogens in your drawing are roughly $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized, therefore they each have a p-orbital and 3 $\ce{sp^2}$ hybdridized orbitals. All of the p-orbitals, including those on the 3 carbon atoms in the double bonds, are perpendicular to the plane of the screen (*e.g.* they project above and below the plane o... |
> Cud [sic] a person wanting to separate these just emerse [sic] them into liquid nitro [sic] or any [sic] to get the desired chemical to freeze then filter off the unfrozen butyrolacton [sic]?
With liquid nitrogen this would not be possible because liquid nitrogen condenses/boils at -195 °C. It would freeze bo... |
A question on a textbook is to find the "standard heat of reaction" of this reaction:
$\ce{C8H16N2O3(aq) + H2O(l) = C6H13NO2(aq) + C2H5NO2(aq)}$
As far as I understand it, it should be a rather simple problem of finding $\Delta_r H$.
So it should be:
$\Delta_fH \rm (C_6) + \Delta_fH \rm (C_2) - \Delta_fH \rm (C... |
This was a quiz question which I got wrong the first attempt, and I think I got it right this time however I would like some confirmation that it is/is not. The unnamed gas is assumed to be ideal.
2.4M/175mL=7.8M/X
or (7.8M*175M)/2.4M=568.75
Is this accurate? |
If 2.4 moles of gas fill a volume of 175 mL, what volume, in mL, will 5.4 additional moles of gas fill? |
in the electrolysis of H₂SO₄ solution, when the concentration is increased why does the current increase even when OH⁻ ions reduce? |
Can anyone tell me how I can convert a rate constant derived from first order kinetics (units are hr^-1) into an actual rate (turnovers/hr)?
The scenario is that I know my rate constant for a molecule degrading in solution and it is .012 hr^-1. I know that I have 10^14 catalyst molecules in the solution. How can I t... |
Convert kinetic rate constant into a rate? |
Okay, so this question may be a little sedimentary, but I still do not understand how you can work out which element will react more with another element. Wait... That was confusing... Okay, for an example I have Lithium (Li) and Sodium (Na) and I am trying to work out which element will be more reactive with Oxygen. H... |
How to work out what element will react more with oxygen? |
I think that most treatments of TS miss the point. I'll try to organize my answer stressing some points. At first, proteins have nothing special in this context.
**On the definition of the transition state.**
1º - What kind of state are we talking about? A quantum mechanical state? A classical one? As we need to ... |
I think that most treatments of TS miss the point. I'll try to organize my answer stressing some points. At first, proteins have nothing special in this context.
**On the definition of the transition state.**
1º - What kind of state are we talking about? A quantum mechanical state? A classical one? As we need to ... |
In class we performed an experiment which I am unable to understand the results for
Why does the the amount of soot produced vary? What is the amount of soot produced dependent on?
*Experiment:*
>We had to have four test tubes upside down in a beaker of water. The test tubes were filled with water in them a... |
How to identify the repeating unit in a polymer? |
I'm confused on this problem for estimating protein concentration. Upon first glance, it looks like a simple beer's law problem. but then there's the issue that the protein is not pure. How do I account for that?
>E. coli Maltose binding protein, like alkaline Phosphatase is a periplasmic protein. Audrey,
has a sol... |
Lets say you are doing a standard titrations problem, ex:
> Find the pH after adding $10$ mL of $0.3$ M $\ce{NaOH}$ in the
> titration of $25$ mL of $0.3$ M $\ce{HF}$ with $0.3$ M $\ce{NaOH}$.
> The $k_a$ of $\ce{HF}$ value is $6.6 \cdot 10^{-4}$
Most sources start by considering the reaction between $\ce{HF}$ ... |
Including $\ce{[H^+]}$ from the hydrolization of the acid in a titration pH calculation? |
I think it might not be possible.
Given all the pair correlation functions, it seems possible to obtain the internal energy (assuming different species interact through pair-potentials (i.e. potentials that do not involve more than two bodies)).
To obtain the free energy, the "naive" way is to obtain the partit... |
Given the Pair Correlation Functions for a Multi-component Fluid, it there a Simple way to obtain the Helmholtz Free Energy? |
Following [this plan][1], I am wondering what the byproducts of this method are? At the site with the q-tip, the solution turned a bright yellow, with the q-tip turning a dark yellow, almost red. Holding the q-tip in place for about 10 seconds results in a small amount of smoke, and bubbles around the contact point. Wh... |
I think it may not be possible.
Given all the pair correlation functions, it seems possible to obtain the internal energy (assuming different species interact through pair-potentials (i.e. potentials that do not involve more than two bodies)).
To obtain the free energy, the "naive" way is to obtain the partitio... |
Given the Pair Correlation Functions for a Multi-component Fluid, is There a Simple way to Obtain the Helmholtz Free Energy? |
Lets say you are doing a standard titrations problem, ex:
> Find the pH after adding $10$ mL of $0.3$ M $\ce{NaOH}$ in the
> titration of $25$ mL of $0.3$ M $\ce{HF}$ with $0.3$ M $\ce{NaOH}$.
> The $k_a$ of $\ce{HF}$ value is $6.6 \cdot 10^{-4}$
Most sources start by considering the reaction between $\ce{HF}$ ... |
I'm confused on this problem for estimating protein concentration. Upon first glance, it looks like a simple Beer's law problem. but then there's the issue that the protein is not pure. How do I account for that?
>E. coli Maltose binding protein, like alkaline Phosphatase is a periplasmic protein. Audrey, has a solu... |
Let's say you are doing a standard titration problem, for example:
> Find the pH after adding $10~\mathrm{mL}$ of $0.3~\mathrm{M}$ $\ce{NaOH}$ in the
> titration of $25~\mathrm{mL}$ of $0.3~\mathrm{M}$ $\ce{HF}$ with $0.3~\mathrm{M}$ $\ce{NaOH}$.
> The $K_a$ of $\ce{HF}$ value is $6.6 \cdot 10^{-4}$
Most source... |
Including H⁺ from the hydrolization of the acid in a titration pH calculation? |
How do I decide the parent chain of an organic compound that has a ring as well as a side chain while naming the compound? |
I'm curious how to test purity of isopropyl alcohol? I simply got very curious today. I bought rubbing alcohol and it doesn't say what's the purity anywhere. It could be 70%, but it could also be 90%, or 99% or even 99.9%. I'm a curious man so I started googling but couldn't find anything.
If I were a chemist, how w... |
Lets say you have two times the same molecule in PDB format.
###PDB1:
HETATM 1916 C1 EQU A1128 22.568 -34.213 -37.632 1.00 19.82 C
HETATM 1917 O1 EQU A1128 21.807 -35.267 -37.474 1.00 17.07 O
HETATM 1918 C2 EQU A1128 22.218 -33.078 -36.885 1.00 19.81 ... |
Where does the 9th electron go in a N=O bond? |
Why are thioesters relatively reactive with regard to nucleophilic attack? Prof says to wait until pchem 3 when we learn about orbital symmetry. He also said something about sulfur’s d-orbitals (?!) not having the correct symmetry or something. This therefore prevents any resonance stabilization in thioesters from occu... |
At low concentration, conductivity is proportional to concentration (a linear relationship).
Each ion will have it's own unique mobility, as discovered by Kohlrausch. H+ has the highest mobility. As you can see in your graph the acids have higher conductivities than the salts. OH- is also highly mobile.
As co... |
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