instruction stringlengths 15 21.8k |
|---|
What are the best chemical liquids to clean metallic surfaces? |
The following reaction occurs:
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/jdimq.png
The $HOO^-$ ion reacts as a nucleophile at carbon number three and consequently the reaction is conjugate addition. However, Why would a peroxide not react through direct addition. I know that if the ... |
Why does basic peroxide react via conjugate addition rather than through direct addition? |
Please explain how to derive the magnetism of polyatomic molecules? If we derive it using an addition of an oxygen atom to molecular oxygen ($\ce{O2}$) it will come to be paramagnetic like $\ce{O3}$? |
Why is ozone O₃ diamagnetic? |
The following reaction occurs:
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/jdimq.png
The $\ce{HOO^{-}}$ ion reacts as a nucleophile at carbon number three and consequently the reaction is conjugate addition. However, Why would a peroxide not react through direct addition. I know that ... |
I did an experiment irradiating benzophenone in UV light and worked out the rate constant for the reaction. Then I repeated the experiment using various concentrations of a quencher and worked out their respective rate constants. Now I need to calculate the rate constant for quenching kq using a Stern Volmer plot. How ... |
First off, it may be useful to go back and take a look at this [earlier question][1] of yours and the answer to it. The concept of hard and soft electrophiles and nucleophiles was discussed. Basically, it was said that
> hard nucleophiles are generally small, highly charged atoms. Because
> of this they tend to be... |
First off, it may be useful to go back and take a look at this [earlier question][1] of yours and the answer to it. The concept of hard and soft electrophiles and nucleophiles was discussed. Basically, it was said that
> hard nucleophiles are generally small, highly charged atoms. Because
> of this they tend to be... |
So IUPAC has a system for naming organic compounds, ionic compounds, and inorganic compounds. I have seen something vaguely suggesting there is one for metallic compounds, such as: $$Fe-Co$$ What is the system, if it even exists. If it doesn't exist what is the generally accepted way of naming metallic compounds? |
So IUPAC has a system for naming organic compounds, ionic compounds, and inorganic compounds. I have seen something vaguely suggesting there is one for metallic compounds, such as: $$\ce{Fe-Co}$$ What is the system, if it even exists. If it doesn't exist what is the generally accepted way of naming metallic compounds? |
According to *The Preparatory Manual of Explosives*, the mushroom cloud is produced by the partial vacuum left after initial expansive shock wave. That implies that it is primarily the condensation of water that makes it visible. These clouds form in high explosive as well as in nuclear detonations near the ground. Se... |
The solubility product of AgCl in water is given as 1.8EE-10
Determine the solubility of AgCl in pure water and in a 0.25M MgSO4 solution.
I solve to the K[sp] and got 1.34EE-10
for Part B I was told to use the activity and am not sure if I did it right,
my new k[sp] turn out to be 1.123EE11
could someone help m... |
So IUPAC has a system for naming organic compounds, ionic compounds, and inorganic compounds. I have seen something vaguely suggesting there is one for intermetallic compounds, such as: $$\ce{Fe-Co}$$ What is the system, if it even exists. If it doesn't exist what is the generally accepted way of naming intermetallic c... |
What is the IUPAC nomenclature for Intermetallic Compounds? |
Two ways you can go about this.
One, recall that the oxidation number of oxygen is always -2 beyond hydrogen peroxide and the elemental forms of oxygen (monoatomic, diatomic, and ozone). Then you can show that the oxidation number for chromium is the same.
If you want to be clever (though not as efficient or just... |
Here's my analysis:
**Factors for square planar:**
coordination: 4
Fe(0): d8
CO: strong field ligand (gives large d-splitting)
**Factors for tetrahedral:**
oxidation state: 0 (gives weak d-splitting)
CO: relatively bulky? ligand
**Other thoughts:**
The general guidelines for determining w... |
Why is Fe(CO)4 tetrahedral, as opposed to square planar, in geometry? |
Could I settile for galvanized steel over stainless for salt corrosion resistance? |
Here's my analysis:
**Factors for square planar:**
coordination: 4
$\ce{Fe(0)}$: d8
$\ce{CO}$: strong field ligand (gives large d-splitting)
**Factors for tetrahedral:**
oxidation state: 0 (gives weak d-splitting)
$\ce{CO}$: relatively bulky? ligand
**Other thoughts:**
The general guideli... |
Why is Fe(CO)₄ tetrahedral, as opposed to square planar, in geometry? |
The solubility product of $\ce{AgCl}$ in water is given as 1.8EE-10
Determine the solubility of $\ce{AgCl}$ in pure water and in a 0.25M $\ce{MgSO4}$ solution.
I solve to the $\mathrm{K_{sp}}$ and got 1.34EE-10
for Part B I was told to use the activity and am not sure if I did it right,
my new $\mathrm{K_{sp}}$ t... |
I'm poaching some pears. The recipe calls for bringing the liquid to a boil and adding the pears, then simmering until done. It then calls for removing the pears from the liquid and letting both come to room temperature, then putting the liquid over the pears again and marinating overnight. Separating the pears and ... |
I'm poaching some pears. The recipe calls for bringing the liquid to a boil and adding the pears, then simmering until done, about 25 minutes. It then calls for removing the pears from the liquid and letting both come to room temperature, then putting the liquid over the pears again and marinating overnight. Separat... |
(*Note that I'm a rather bad cook, except in the lab!*)
> Is there any sense to extracting the pears from the liquid?
Yes! **Yomen Atassi** has already explained that you actually have to consider two (distinct) processes in the recipe:
1. Cooking the pears for a short period of will yield the right consiste... |
Why don't carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide form sodium oxide and carbonic acid? |
Why does $\ce{Fe(CO)4}$ adopt a tetrahedral, as opposed to square planar, geometry? Here's my analysis:
Factors for square planar:
- coordination: 4
- $\ce{Fe(0)}$: d8
- $\ce{CO}$: strong field ligand (gives large d-splitting)
Factors for tetrahedral:
- oxidation state: 0 (gives weak d-splitting)
... |
Why does Fe(CO)₄ adopt a tetrahedral, as opposed to square planar, geometry? |
Why do carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide not form sodium oxide and carbonic acid?
$$\ce{CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2O + H2CO3}$$
as opposed to:
$$\ce{CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2CO3 + H2O}$$
|
Why do carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide not form sodium oxide and carbonic acid? |
I have prepared hydrogel nanoparticles in aqueous solution. How to calculate concentration of hydrogel nanoparticles ? |
[I was reading todays SMBC][1] which asked what happens if you make a gas of magnetic particles
![Comic strip][2]
So what does happen if you make a gas of magnetic particles?
[1]: http://www.smbc-comics.com/index.php?id=3668
[2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/pLD3C.jpg |
Loosely speaking, is the reduction potential equivalent to the ease of discharge in the context of electrolysis?
i.e. is it easier to discharge an ion with a higher reduction potential as opposed to one with a lower one? |
Is reduction potential equivalent to the ease of discharge? |
Why do carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide not form sodium oxide and carbonic acid?
$\ce{CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2O + H2CO3}$
as opposed to:
$\ce{CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2CO3 + H2O}$
|
I have 20mL gas samples and I need to determine the [CO2] in ppm. I have a Li-Cor 6200 with a closed loop, so essentially I will inject a volume of gas into the loop and the change in the output is how to determine the concentration of CO2.
To calibrate I'm using a standard of gas that is 5020ppm CO2, and injecting ... |
Why is there a positive deviation from Raoults law for the solution of acetone and ethanol while there is a negative deviation for acetone and water? <br> Isn't acetone-ethanol hydrogen bond stronger than acetone-acetone? If it is because ethanol-acetone is weaker than ethanol-ethanol, then there would be a positive de... |
What gas is released during dissolving solid $\ce{NaOH}$ in a high purity water? |
Why do carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide not form sodium oxide and carbonic acid?
$\ce{CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2O + H2CO3}$
as opposed to:
$\ce{CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2CO3 + H2O}$
This is in the context of fractional distillation of liquified air, before which carbon dioxide must be removed using sodium hydroxide. |
First off, it may be useful to go back and take a look at this [earlier question][1] of yours and the answer to it. The concept of hard and soft electrophiles and nucleophiles was discussed. Basically, it was said that
> hard nucleophiles are generally small, highly charged atoms. Because
> of this they tend to be... |
First off, it may be useful to go back and take a look at this [earlier question][1] of yours and the answer to it. The concept of hard and soft electrophiles and nucleophiles was discussed. Basically, it was said that
> hard nucleophiles are generally small, highly charged atoms. Because
> of this they tend to be... |
What gas is released during dissolving solid $\ce{NaOH}$ in a high purity water? Water 17 M$\Omega$/cm and standard quality NaOH. |
What gas is released during dissolving solid $\ce{NaOH}$ in a high purity water? Water more than 10 M$\Omega$/cm and standard quality NaOH. |
What gas is released during dissolving solid $\ce{NaOH}$ in a high purity water? Water more than 10 M$\Omega$/cm and standard quality $\ce{NaOH}$. |
Why is there a positive deviation from Raoults law for the solution of acetone and ethanol while there is a negative deviation for acetone and water? <br> Isn't acetone-ethanol hydrogen bond stronger than acetone-acetone? If it is because ethanol-acetone is weaker than ethanol-ethanol, then there would be a positive de... |
I don't think any gas is released. You are probably experiencing dust or mist that contains NaOH itself.
There is related discussion at a soapmaking website
http://www.tikvah.com/medical/lye.html
See also "[Pneumothorax following inhalation of caustic soda fumes][1]" Archives of Emergency Medicine, 1988, 5... |
I don't think any gas is released. You are probably experiencing dust or mist that contains NaOH itself, or tiny amounts of gas phase NaOH.
There is related discussion at a soapmaking website
http://www.tikvah.com/medical/lye.html
See also "[Pneumothorax following inhalation of caustic soda fumes][1]" Arch... |
I am attempting to create an experiment to show the effects of metastability to a public audience and get people excited about science. More specifically, I am wondering if there is any sort of liquid that can mimic the effects that water had in the book *Cat's Cradle*.
In the book, the idea was that a shard of a m... |
Is there an experiment that visibly shows the effects of metastability? |
Apologies in advance if this is the wrong stackexchange to post this, as I wasn't sure where to put this question, or if it's appropriate for here. Anyway..
I travel a bit so am flexible where I live, and have taken a recent interest in chemistry to try to gain an understanding of physical reality. I find learning f... |
Chemicolegal question - Which country is it allowed to practice non-cladestine amateur chemistry? |
Apologies in advance if this is the wrong stackexchange to post this, as I wasn't sure where to put this question, or if it's appropriate for here. Anyway....
I travel a bit so am flexible where I live, and have taken a recent interest in chemistry to try to gain an understanding of physical reality. I find learning... |
Chemicolegal question - In which country is it allowed to practice non-cladestine amateur chemistry? |
The standard demo for this is crystallization of sodium acetate trihydrate from its melt. The trihydrate melts at 58 °C. The molten liquid is easily supercooled, after which point dumping in a few crystals of unmelted stuff results in a rapid solidification of the mixture.
Several videos on YouTube demonstrate... |
Discussing about the pros and cons of glassware from different manufacturers for chemistry experiments easily becomes a heated debate. Well, that's how it seems if you read the chemistry related blogs, discussions, questions, etc. over the internet. How much does it really matter what kind or type of glass one is using... |
How much does the quality of glassware matter, really? |
What is the mechanism of the fluorescein syntheis performed by von Baeyer?
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/sIIYm.png |
Your question is basically too broad to be answered in full detail. I suggest that if you want a more detailed answer about a certain part, you should open a question for that matter separately. That being said, I'll try to summarize my own experience as a hobby chemist.
First of all, are you actually studying chemi... |
In the USA there is a list of 41 special federally regulated chemicals.
Actually, there are two lists, [list 1 having 30 chemicals][1] and [list 2 having 11 chemicals][2].
Many of these are common lab chemicals including:
Acetone
Ethyl ether
Potassium permanganate
Toluene
Hydrochloric acid
... |
In the USA there is a list of 41 special federally regulated chemicals.
Actually, there are two lists, [list 1 having 30 chemicals][1] and [list 2 having 11 chemicals][2].
Many of these are common lab chemicals including:
Acetone
Ethyl ether
Potassium permanganate
Toluene
Hydrochloric acid
... |
Possible Synthesis of MVK from 2-Butanone? |
Chemicolegal question - In which country is it allowed to practice non-clandestine amateur chemistry? |
What is the mechanism of the fluorescein synthesis performed by von Baeyer?
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/sIIYm.png |
At low concentration, conductivity is proportional to concentration (a linear relationship).
Each ion will have its own unique mobility, as discovered by Kohlrausch. H+ has the highest mobility. As you can see in your graph the acids have higher conductivities than the salts. OH- is also highly mobile.
As con... |
I work in a (physics) lab in which an aluminum oxide coating is applied to the inner surface of a plasma confinement vessel (made of Cu) to provide an electrically insulating layer that can withstand high temperature environments. The product we use comes in a medium that allows it to be brushed or sprayed onto the met... |
In what ways (other than color) does black Aluminum Oxide differ from white? |
I just learned how Slater's rules work on Wikipedia. These rules really are very simple. But the presentation of the rules seemed not very efficient. I would think there would be someway to set up and equation of some sort such that all you have to do is plug in the relevant quantum numbers and the element number and u... |
Is there a general / simple formula for Slater's rules? |
Is there a list of known rate laws for reactions? |
The book "Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie" by Arnold F. Hollemann on page 47[link here][1] states that dropping 0.8g Alcohol (M = 46g/mol) in a sea or ocean would result in every litre seawater containing 8 molecules alcohol.
This completely baffles me. How exactly does this happen?
[1]: https://books.goog... |
How exactly do alcohol molecules dissolve in seawater? |
I travel a bit so am flexible where I live, and have taken a recent interest in chemistry to try to gain an understanding of physical reality. I find learning from textbooks to be good, but want to have the comfort of applying a lot of this knowledge in my own lab. To see and feel how it works first hand. From my und... |
In which country is it allowed to practice non-clandestine amateur chemistry? |
What is the reasoning behind the increasing pKa for organic compounds? |
Why do the covalent radii of transition series decrease at the start rapidly, then become almost constant and at the end of series begin to increase from left to right in periodic table? |
What is the reason? |
These two are simple ionic compounds , not complexes [if I do not consider water of hydration] then how can I rationalise the difference in colour? |
why colour of CuSO4 and CuCl3 is different? |
I have some gas cylinders in a gas cabinet. Every time I change the cylinder, I use N2(100%v/v, 60L/min) to purge the residue gas in the pipe to a local scrubber. I want to know how many gases I should treat per purge?
follow is my customer give me the condition：
gas name flow rate pressure(... |
how to calculate the gas volume per purge when I change the cylinder? |
As pointed out in the comments, there is no way to make it safe, as methyl vinyl ketone itself is a very nasty compound.
I am also not an expert on organic synthesis, but I found some procedures, that might help you in adopting a synthetic route. The one you suggested might work, but be aware, that you are dealing ... |
How to rationalise the trend in the covalent radii of the transition metals? |
The solubility product of $\ce{AgCl}$ in water is given as $1.8\cdot10^{-10}$
Determine the solubility of $\ce{AgCl}$ in pure water and in a $0.25~\mathrm{M}$ $\ce{MgSO4}$ solution.
I solve to the $K_\mathrm{{sp}}$ and got $1.34\cdot10^{-10}$
for Part B I was told to use the activity and am not sure if I did it ri... |
How to calculate the solubility of AgCl in a MgSO₄ solution? |
I would expect that [gilding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding) - classic manual gold plating using [gold leaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_leaf) - works.
(But as the frequency, amplitude and radius of flexing is not known, it's hard to tell)
It would be starting with the polished polymer surface.
... |
I'm designing an experiment and it involves testing various concentrations of solutions, and I will be testing 5 in total. I proposed to make up a stock solution, and distribute it evenly in 5 different beakers and add different amounts of water to each solution but my teacher doesn't like this method and says I should... |
How to make "Aqua Regia" in the lab conditions? Which lab equipment must be used? |
How it is possible to make Aqua Regia in the lab? |
I'm designing an experiment and it involves testing various concentrations of solutions, and I will be testing 5 in total. I proposed to make up a stock solution, and distribute it evenly in 5 different beakers and add different amounts of water to each solution but my teacher doesn't like this method and says I should... |
My neighbour warned me that saltpetre (potassium (sodium) nitrate) is danger in the certain conditions. Is it possible that it can explode in my garage? |
Are 2s or 2p orbitals more stabilized when going from left to right in the period? There are good arguments for both possible answers:
1) 2p orbitals are more stabilized because they penetrate less in the space of the 1s orbital, so the increase of the effective nuclear charge affects them more. When plotting the 1s... |
Although the wikipedia page on Hydronium indicates a $pK_{a}$ of -1.74, I noticed in the discussion of this page that the subject seems debated (cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hydronium#pKa.3F) since alternative (apparently more rigorous) reasoning leads to $pK_{a} = 0$ for $\ce{H3O+}$.
Also, many demonstra... |
What is the pKa of the oxonium / hydronium / H₃O⁺ ion? |
We've learned in class that epoxied ring openings can be catalyized with acids, and I seem to recall either the professor or a classmate mentioning that they also react with bases, but some quick internet searching didn't turn up anything useful. Do epoxied rings react with bases, and if so, what is the mechanism?
... |
Do epoxied rings react with bases? |
> Do epoxied rings react with bases
Yes, they can be opened, e.g. with alkoxides.
> what is the mechanism?
![enter image description here][1]
Note that the regioselectivity is different under acidic conditions!
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/idTak.png |
We've learned in class that epoxide ring openings can be catalyized with acids, and I seem to recall either the professor or a classmate mentioning that they also react with bases, but some quick internet searching didn't turn up anything useful. Do epoxide rings react with bases, and if so, what is the mechanism?
... |
Do epoxide rings react with bases? |
I'm designing an experiment and it involves testing various concentrations of solutions, and I will be testing 5 in total. I proposed to make up a stock solution, and distribute it evenly in 5 different beakers and add different amounts of water to each solution but my teacher doesn't like this method and says I should... |
What does the author mean by this definition of a boundary surface? |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.