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Naloxone reverses the antihypertensive effect of clonidine. In unanesthetized, spontaneously hypertensive rats the decrease in blood pressure and heart rate produced by intravenous clonidine, 5 to 20 micrograms / kg, was inhibited or reversed by nalozone, 0. 2 to 2 mg / kg. The hypotensive effect of 100 mg / kg alpha -... | {
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{
"text": "clonidine",
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{
"text": "clonidine",
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{
"text": "naloz... | {
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Lidocaine - induced cardiac asystole. Intravenous administration of a single 50 - mg bolus of lidocaine in a 67 - year - old man resulted in profound depression of the activity of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodal pacemakers. The patient had no apparent associated conditions which might have predisposed him to ... | {
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"text": "Lidocaine",
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{
"text": "lidocaine",
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{
"text": "lidocaine",
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... | {
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Suxamethonium infusion rate and observed fasciculations. A dose - response study. Suxamethonium chloride (Sch) was administered i. v. to 36 adult males at six rates: 0. 25 mg s - 1 to 20 mg s - 1. The infusion was discontinued either when there was no muscular response to tetanic stimulation of the ulnar nerve or when ... | {
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"text": "Suxamethonium",
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{
"text": "Suxamethonium chloride",
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{
"text": "Sch",
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{
... | {
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Galanthamine hydrobromide, a longer acting anticholinesterase drug, in the treatment of the central effects of scopolamine (Hyoscine). Galanthamine hydrobromide, an anticholinesterase drug capable of penetrating the blood - brain barrier, was used in a patient demonstrating central effects of scopolamine (hyoscine) ove... | {
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"text": "Galanthamine hydrobromide",
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{
"text": "scopolamine",
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{
"text": "Hyoscine",
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{
... | {
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Effects of uninephrectomy and high protein feeding on lithium - induced chronic renal failure in rats. Rats with lithium - induced nephropathy were subjected to high protein (HP) feeding, uninephrectomy (NX) or a combination of these, in an attempt to induce glomerular hyperfiltration and further progression of renal f... | {
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"text": "lithium",
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{
"text": "lithium",
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{
"text": "lithium",
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{
"text": "lithiu... | {
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Treatment of Crohn' s disease with fusidic acid: an antibiotic with immunosuppressive properties similar to cyclosporin. Fusidic acid is an antibiotic with T - cell specific immunosuppressive effects similar to those of cyclosporin. Because of the need for the development of new treatments for Crohn' s disease, a pilot... | {
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"text": "fusidic acid",
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{
"text": "cyclosporin",
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{
"text": "cyclosporin",
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{
"t... | {
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Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury in psychiatrically hospitalized cocaine abusers. The electrocardiograms (ECG) of 99 cocaine - abusing patients were compared with the ECGs of 50 schizophrenic controls. Eleven of the cocaine abusers and none of the controls had ECG evidence of significant myocardial in... | {
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{
"text": "cocaine",
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{
"text": "cocaine",
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{
"text": "cocaine",
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... | {
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Sulpiride - induced tardive dystonia. Sulpiride is a selective D2 - receptor antagonist with antipsychotic and antidepressant properties. Although initially thought to be free of extrapyramidal side effects, sulpiride - induced tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism have been reported occasionally. We studied a 37 - year ... | {
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"text": "Sulpiride",
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{
"text": "Sulpiride",
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{
"text": "antidepressant",
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{
"text": ... | {
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Ocular and auditory toxicity in hemodialyzed patients receiving desferrioxamine. During an 18 - month period of study 41 hemodialyzed patients receiving desferrioxamine (10 - 40 mg / kg BW / 3 times weekly) for the first time were monitored for detection of audiovisual toxicity. 6 patients presented clinical symptoms o... | {
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"text": "desferrioxamine",
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{
"text": "desferrioxamine",
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{
"text": "Desferrioxamine",
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Myasthenia gravis presenting as weakness after magnesium administration. We studied a patient with no prior history of neuromuscular disease who became virtually quadriplegic after parenteral magnesium administration for preeclampsia. The serum magnesium concentration was 3. 0 mEq / L, which is usually well tolerated. ... | {
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"text": "magnesium",
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{
"text": "magnesium",
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{
"text": "magnesium",
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Chloroacetaldehyde and its contribution to urotoxicity during treatment with cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide. An experimental study / short communication. Based on clinical data, indicating that chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) is an important metabolite of oxazaphosphorine cytostatics, an experimental study was carried out in ... | {
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"text": "Chloroacetaldehyde",
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{
"text": "cyclophosphamide",
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{
"text": "ifosfamide",
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{
... | {
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Source of pain and primitive dysfunction in migraine: an identical site? Twenty common migraine patients received a one sided frontotemporal application of nitroglycerin (10 patients) or placebo ointment (10 patients) in a double blind study. Early onset migraine attacks were induced by nitroglycerin in seven out of 10... | {
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"text": "nitroglycerin",
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{
"text": "nitroglycerin",
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{
"text": "nitroglycerin",
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... | {
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Clotiazepam - induced acute hepatitis. We report the case of a patient who developed acute hepatitis with extensive hepatocellular necrosis, 7 months after the onset of administration of clotiazepam, a thienodiazepine derivative. Clotiazepam withdrawal was followed by prompt recovery. The administration of several benz... | {
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"text": "Clotiazepam",
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{
"text": "clotiazepam",
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{
"text": "thienodiazepine",
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... | {
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Arterial hypertension as a complication of prolonged ketoconazole treatment. Two of 14 patients with Cushing' s syndrome treated on a long - term basis with ketoconazole developed sustained hypertension. In both cases normal plasma and urinary free cortisol levels had been achieved following ketoconazole therapy, yet c... | {
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"text": "ketoconazole",
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{
"text": "ketoconazole",
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{
"text": "cortisol",
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Effects of an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (Captopril) on pulmonary and renal insufficiency due to intravascular coagulation in the rat. Induction of intravascular coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis by injection of thrombin and tranexamic acid (AMCA) in the rat gives rise to pulmonary and renal in... | {
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"text": "angiotensin",
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{
"text": "Captopril",
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{
"text": "tranexamic acid",
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A randomized comparison of labetalol and nitroprusside for induced hypotension. In a randomized study, labetalol - induced hypotension and nitroprusside - induced hypotension were compared in 20 patients (10 in each group) scheduled for major orthopedic procedures. Each patient was subjected to an identical anesthetic ... | {
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"text": "labetalol",
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{
"text": "nitroprusside",
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{
"text": "labetalol",
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"text":... | {
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Chronic carbamazepine treatment in the rat: efficacy, toxicity, and effect on plasma and tissue folate concentrations. Folate depletion has often been a problem in chronic antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a commonly used AED, has been implicated in some clinical studies. A rat model was developed ... | {
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"text": "folate",
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{
"text": "Folate",
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{
"text": "Carb... | {
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Inhibition of sympathoadrenal activity by atrial natriuretic factor in dogs. In six conscious, trained dogs, maintained on a normal sodium intake of 2 to 4 mEq / kg / day, sympathetic activity was assessed as the release rate of norepinephrine and epinephrine during 15 - minute i. v. infusions of human alpha - atrial n... | {
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"text": "sodium",
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{
"text": "norepinephrine",
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{
"text": "epinephrine",
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Death from chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic disease. Multiple cytotoxic drug administration is the generally accepted treatment of patients with a high - risk stage of choriocarcinoma. Based on this principle a 27 - year old woman, classified as being in the high - risk group (Goldstein and Berkowitz score: 11... | {
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{
"text": "Etoposide",
"start": 405,
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{
"text": "Methotrexate",
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{
"text": "Cyclophosphamide",
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... | {
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Sexual dysfunction among patients with arthritis. The relationship of arthritis and sexual dysfunction was investigated among 169 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and spondyloarthropathy, 130 of whom were pair - matched to controls. Assessments of marital happiness and depressed mood were also made us... | {
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"text": "methotrexate",
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"text": "Sexual dysfunction",
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"text": "arthritis",
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Does paracetamol cause urothelial cancer or renal papillary necrosis? The risk of developing renal papillary necrosis or cancer of the renal pelvis, ureter or bladder associated with consumption of either phenacetin or paracetamol was calculated from data acquired by questionnaire from 381 cases and 808 controls. The r... | {
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"text": "paracetamol",
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{
"text": "phenacetin",
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{
"text": "paracetamol",
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Dapsone - associated Heinz body hemolytic anemia in a Cambodian woman with hemoglobin E trait. A Cambodian woman with hemoglobin E trait (AE) and leprosy developed a Heinz body hemolytic anemia while taking a dose of dapsone (50 mg / day) not usually associated with clinical hemolysis. Her red blood cells (RBCs) had in... | {
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"text": "Dapsone",
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{
"text": "dapsone",
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{
"text": "glutathione",
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{
"text": "GSH"... | {
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Severe complications of antianginal drug therapy in a patient identified as a poor metabolizer of metoprolol, propafenone, diltiazem, and sparteine. A 47 - year - old patient suffering from coronary artery disease was admitted to the CCU in shock with III. AV block, severe hypotension, and impairment of ventricular fun... | {
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{
"text": "metoprolol",
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{
"text": "propafenone",
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{
"text": "diltiazem",
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Triazolam - induced brief episodes of secondary mania in a depressed patient. Large doses of triazolam repeatedly induced brief episodes of mania in a depressed elderly woman. Features of organic mental disorder (delirium) were not present. Manic excitement was coincident with the duration of action of triazolam. The p... | {
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"text": "Triazolam",
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{
"text": "triazolam",
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{
"text": "triazolam",
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{
"text": "tri... | {
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On the mechanisms of the development of tolerance to the muscular rigidity produced by morphine in rats. The development of tolerance to the muscular rigidity produced by morphine was studied in rats. Saline - pretreated controls given a test dose of morphine (20 mg / kg i. p.) showed a pronounced rigidity recorded as ... | {
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{
"text": "morphine",
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{
"text": "morphine",
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{
"text": "morphine",
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{
"text": "mor... | {
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Compression neuropathy of the radial nerve due to pentazocine - induced fibrous myopathy. Fibrous myopathy is a common, well - known side effect of repeated pentazocine injection. However, compression neuropathy due to fibrotic muscle affected by pentazocine - induced myopathy has not previously been reported. In a 37 ... | {
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"chemical": [
{
"text": "pentazocine",
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{
"text": "pentazocine",
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{
"text": "pentazocine",
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{
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Recurrent reversible acute renal failure from amphotericin. A patient with cryptogenic cirrhosis and disseminated sporotrichosis developed acute renal failure immediately following the administration of amphotericin B on four separate occasions. The abruptness of the renal failure and its reversibility within days sugg... | {
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{
"text": "amphotericin",
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{
"text": "amphotericin B",
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{
"text": "amphotericin",
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],
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Pneumonitis with pleural and pericardial effusion and neuropathy during amiodarone therapy. A patient with sinuatrial disease and implanted pacemaker was treated with amiodarone (maximum dose 1000 mg, maintenance dose 800 mg daily) for 10 months, for control of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. He developed pneumoniti... | {
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"chemical": [
{
"text": "amiodarone",
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{
"text": "amiodarone",
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{
"text": "amiodarone",
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Indomethacin - induced renal insufficiency: recurrence on rechallenge. We have reported a case of acute oliguric renal failure with hyperkalemia in a patient with cirrhosis, ascites, and cor pulmonale after indomethacin therapy. Prompt restoration of renal function followed drug withdrawal, while re - exposure to a sin... | {
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"text": "Indomethacin",
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{
"text": "indomethacin",
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{
"text": "indomethacin",
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Comparison of the subjective effects and plasma concentrations following oral and i. m. administration of flunitrazepam in volunteers. Flunitrazepam 0. 5, 1. 0 or 2. 0 mg was given by the oral or i. m. routes to groups of volunteers and its effects compared. Plasma concentrations of the drug were estimated by gas - liq... | {
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"chemical": [
{
"text": "flunitrazepam",
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"end": 119
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{
"text": "Flunitrazepam",
"start": 135,
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},
{
"text": "flunitrazepam",
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],
"... | {
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Changes in heart size during long - term timolol treatment after myocardial infarction. The effect of long - term timolol treatment on heart size after myocardial infarction was evaluated by X - ray in a double - blind study including 241 patients (placebo 126, timolol 115). The follow - up period was 12 months. The ti... | {
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{
"text": "timolol",
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"end": 48
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{
"text": "timolol",
"start": 114,
"end": 121
},
{
"text": "timolol",
"start": 262,
"end": 269
},
{
"text": "timolo... | {
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Vitamin D3 toxicity in dairy cows. Large parenteral doses of vitamin D3 (15 to 17. 5 x 10 (6) IU vitamin D3) were associated with prolonged hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and large increases of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in the blood plasma of nonlactating nonpregnant and pregnant Jersey cows. Calcium concentrat... | {
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"text": "Vitamin D3",
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{
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{
"text": "vitamin D3",
"start": 97,
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{
"text": "v... | {
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Diseases of peripheral nerves as seen in the Nigerian African. The anatomical and aetiological diagnoses of peripheral nerve disease excluding its primary benign and malignant disorders, as seen in 358 Nigerians are presented. There is a male preponderance and the peak incidence is in the fourth decade. Sensori - motor... | {
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"text": "thiamine",
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{
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{
"text": "Isoniazid",
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],
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... | {
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A double - blind study of the efficacy and safety of dothiepin hydrochloride in the treatment of major depressive disorder. In a 6 - week double - blind parallel treatment study, dothiepin and amitriptyline were compared to placebo in the treatment of 33 depressed outpatients. Dothiepin and amitriptyline were equally e... | {
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{
"text": "dothiepin",
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"end": 188
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{
"text": "amitriptyline",
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{... | {
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Behavioral effects of diazepam and propranolol in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. The effects of oral doses of diazepam (single dose of 10 mg and a median dose of 30 mg / day for 2 weeks) and propranolol (single dose of 80 mg and a median dose of 240 mg / day for 2 weeks) on psychological performance of p... | {
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"text": "diazepam",
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{
"text": "propranolol",
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{
"text": "diazepam",
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"end": 133
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{
"text": "pr... | {
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Effect of aspirin on N - [4 - (5 - nitro - 2 - furyl) - 2 - thiazolyl] - formamide - induced epithelial proliferation in the urinary bladder and forestomach of the rat. The co - administration of aspirin with N - [4 - (5 - nitro - 2 - furyl) - 2 - thiazolyl] - formamide (FANFT) to rats resulted in a reduced incidence o... | {
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"text": "aspirin",
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{
"text": "N - [4 - (5 - nitro - 2 - furyl) - 2 - thiazolyl] - formamide",
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"end": 82
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{
"text": "aspirin",
"start": 196,
... | {
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Provocation of postural hypotension by nitroglycerin in diabetic autonomic neuropathy? The effect of nitroglycerin on heart rate and systolic blood pressure was compared in 5 normal subjects, 12 diabetic subjects without autonomic neuropathy, and 5 diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy. The magnitude and time cou... | {
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"text": "nitroglycerin",
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{
"text": "nitroglycerin",
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{
"text": "nitroglycerin",
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"end": 417
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],
"di... | {
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Characterization of estrogen - induced adenohypophyseal tumors in the Fischer 344 rat. Pituitary tumors were induced in F344 female rats by chronic treatment with diethylstilbestrol (DES, 8 - 10 mg) implanted subcutaneously in silastic capsules. Over a range of 1 - 150 days of DES treatment, pairs of control and DES - ... | {
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"text": "estrogen",
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{
"text": "diethylstilbestrol",
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{
"text": "DES",
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"end": 186
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{
"text":... | {
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Triamterene nephrolithiasis complicating dyazide therapy. A case of triamterene nephrolithiasis is reported in a man after 4 years of hydrochlorothiazide - triamterene therapy for hypertension. The stone passed spontaneously and was found to contain a triamterene metabolite admixed with uric acid salts. Factors affecti... | {
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"text": "Triamterene",
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{
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"end": 48
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{
"text": "triamterene",
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"end": 79
},
{
"text": "hyd... | {
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Metabolic involvement in adriamycin cardiotoxicity. The cardiotoxic effects of adriamycin were studied in mammalian myocardial cells in culture as a model system. Adriamycin inhibited cell growth and the rhythmic contractions characteristic of myocardial cells in culture. A possible involvement of energy metabolism was... | {
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"text": "adriamycin",
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{
"text": "adriamycin",
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"end": 89
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{
"text": "Adriamycin",
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{
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Age - dependent sensitivity of the rat to neurotoxic effects of streptomycin. Streptomycin sulfate (300 mg / kg s. c.) was injected for various periods into preweanling rats and for 3 weeks into weanling rats. Beginning at 8 days of age, body movement and hearing were examined for 6 and up to 17 weeks, respectively. Ab... | {
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"text": "streptomycin",
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{
"text": "Streptomycin",
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{
"text": "streptomycin",
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"end": 607
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],
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Crescentic fibrillary glomerulonephritis associated with intermittent rifampin therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. This case study reveals an unusual finding of rapidly proliferative crescentic glomerulonephritis in a patient treated with rifampin who had no other identifiable causes for developing this disease. This p... | {
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{
"text": "rifampin",
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{
"text": "rifampin",
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"end": 247
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{
"text": "rifampin",
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"end": 369
},
{
"text": "iso... | {
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Time course of lipid peroxidation in puromycin aminonucleoside - induced nephropathy. Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) - induced nephropathy, with antioxidants significantly reducing the proteinuria. The temporal relationship between lipid peroxid... | {
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{
"text": "puromycin aminonucleoside",
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{
"text": "oxygen",
"start": 95,
"end": 101
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{
"text": "puromycin aminonucleoside",
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"end": 185
... | {
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Clomipramine - induced sleep disturbance does not impair its prolactin - releasing action. The present study was undertaken to examine the role of sleep disturbance, induced by clomipramine administration, on the secretory rate of prolactin (PRL) in addition to the direct drug effect. Two groups of supine subjects were... | {
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"text": "Clomipramine",
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{
"text": "clomipramine",
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"end": 189
},
{
"text": "clomipramine",
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"end": 515
},
{
"... | {
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Angioedema following the intravenous administration of metoprolol. A 72 - year - old woman was admitted to the hospital with " flash " pulmonary edema, preceded by chest pain, requiring intubation. Her medical history included coronary artery disease with previous myocardial infarctions, hypertension, and diabetes mell... | {
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{
"text": "metoprolol",
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{
"text": "lisinopril",
"start": 363,
"end": 373
},
{
"text": "angiotensin",
"start": 432,
"end": 443
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{
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Effect of coniine on the developing chick embryo. Coniine, an alkaloid from Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), has been shown to be teratogenic in livestock. The major teratogenic outcome is arthrogryposis, presumably due to nicotinic receptor blockade. However, coniine has failed to produce arthrogryposis in rats or m... | {
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"text": "coniine",
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{
"text": "Coniine",
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"end": 57
},
{
"text": "coniine",
"start": 263,
"end": 270
},
{
"text": "coniine"... | {
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Epidural blood flow during prostaglandin E1 or trimethaphan induced hypotension. To evaluate the effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or trimethaphan (TMP) induced hypotension on epidural blood flow (EBF) during spinal surgery, EBF was measured using the heat clearance method in 30 patients who underwent postero - lateral... | {
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"text": "prostaglandin E1",
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"end": 43
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{
"text": "trimethaphan",
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"end": 59
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{
"text": "prostaglandin E1",
"start": 107,
"end": 123
},
{
... | {
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Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to neurofilament proteins on axonal damage in experimental focal lesions in rat. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against neurofilament (NF) proteins of middle and high molecular weight class, NF - M and NF - H, was used to study axonal injury in the borderzone... | {
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{
"text": "lactate",
"start": 402,
"end": 409
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{
"text": "pilocarpine",
"start": 530,
"end": 541
}
],
"disease": [
{
"text": "axonal damage",
"start": 73,
"end": 86
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Increase of Parkinson disability after fluoxetine medication. Depression is a major clinical feature of Parkinson' s disease. We report the increased amount of motor disability in four patients with idiopathic Parkinson' s disease after exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine. The possibility of a clinically relevant... | {
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"chemical": [
{
"text": "fluoxetine",
"start": 39,
"end": 49
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{
"text": "antidepressant",
"start": 253,
"end": 267
},
{
"text": "fluoxetine",
"start": 268,
"end": 278
},
{
"t... | {
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Acetaminophen - induced hypotension. Through 30 years of widespread use, acetaminophen has been shown to be a remarkably safe medication in therapeutic dosages. The potential for acetaminophen to produce cardiovascular toxicities is very low. However, acetaminophen has been demonstrated to produce symptoms of anaphylax... | {
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{
"text": "Acetaminophen",
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{
"text": "acetaminophen",
"start": 73,
"end": 86
},
{
"text": "acetaminophen",
"start": 179,
"end": 192
},
{
... | {
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Acute hepatitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and erythroblastocytopenia induced by ceftriaxone. An 80 - yr - old man developed acute hepatitis shortly after ingesting oral ceftriaxone. Although the transaminases gradually returned to baseline after withholding the beta lactam antibiotic, there was a gradual increase i... | {
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{
"text": "ceftriaxone",
"start": 84,
"end": 95
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{
"text": "ceftriaxone",
"start": 173,
"end": 184
},
{
"text": "beta lactam",
"start": 266,
"end": 277
},
{
"te... | {
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Adverse effects of the atypical antipsychotics. Collaborative Working Group on Clinical Trial Evaluations. Adverse effects of antipsychotics often lead to noncompliance. Thus, clinicians should address patients' concerns about adverse effects and attempt to choose medications that will improve their patients' quality o... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "clozapine",
"start": 1059,
"end": 1068
},
{
"text": "clozapine",
"start": 1092,
"end": 1101
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],
"disease": [
{
"text": "extrapyramidal symptoms",
"start": 568,
"e... | {
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},
{
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Effects of tetrandrine and fangchinoline on experimental thrombosis in mice and human platelet aggregation. Tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) are two naturally occurring analogues with a bisbenzylisoquinoline structure. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of TET and FAN on the experiment... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "tetrandrine",
"start": 11,
"end": 22
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{
"text": "fangchinoline",
"start": 27,
"end": 40
},
{
"text": "Tetrandrine",
"start": 108,
"end": 119
},
{
"te... | {
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},
{
"label": "disease",
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Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients age 70 years or older or patients who cannot receive cisplatin. Oncopaz Cooperative Group. BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is high among elderly patients, few data are available regarding the efficacy and t... | {
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{
"text": "Gemcitabine",
"start": 0,
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{
"text": "vinorelbine",
"start": 17,
"end": 28
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{
"text": "cisplatin",
"start": 123,
"end": 132
},
{
"text": ... | {
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Warfarin - induced artery calcification is accelerated by growth and vitamin D. The present studies demonstrate that growth and vitamin D treatment enhance the extent of artery calcification in rats given sufficient doses of Warfarin to inhibit gamma - carboxylation of matrix Gla protein, a calcification inhibitor know... | {
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{
"text": "Warfarin",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
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{
"text": "vitamin D",
"start": 69,
"end": 78
},
{
"text": "vitamin D",
"start": 128,
"end": 137
},
{
"text": "Warfa... | {
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},
{
"label": "disease",
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Antidepressant - induced mania in bipolar patients: identification of risk factors. BACKGROUND: Concerns about possible risks of switching to mania associated with antidepressants continue to interfere with the establishment of an optimal treatment paradigm for bipolar depression. METHOD: The response of 44 patients me... | {
"entities": {
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{
"text": "Antidepressant",
"start": 0,
"end": 14
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{
"text": "antidepressants",
"start": 164,
"end": 179
},
{
"text": "antidepressant",
"start": 745,
"end": 759
},
{
... | {
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},
{
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Caffeine - induced cardiac arrhythmia: an unrecognised danger of healthfood products. We describe a 25 - year - old woman with pre - existing mitral valve prolapse who developed intractable ventricular fibrillation after consuming a " natural energy " guarana health drink containing a high concentration of caffeine. Th... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "Caffeine",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
},
{
"text": "caffeine",
"start": 308,
"end": 316
}
],
"disease": [
{
"text": "cardiac arrhythmia",
"start": 19,
"end": 37
},... | {
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},
{
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Bladder retention of urine as a result of continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl: 2 case reports. Sedation has been commonly used in the neonate to decrease the stress and pain from the noxious stimuli and invasive procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit, as well as to facilitate synchrony between ventilato... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "fentanyl",
"start": 77,
"end": 85
},
{
"text": "Fentanyl",
"start": 347,
"end": 355
},
{
"text": "fentanyl",
"start": 499,
"end": 507
},
{
"text": "fen... | {
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},
{
"label": "disease",
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Combined antiretroviral therapy causes cardiomyopathy and elevates plasma lactate in transgenic AIDS mice. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is implicated in cardiomyopathy (CM) and in elevated plasma lactate (LA) in AIDS through mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. To determine mitochondrial events from... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "lactate",
"start": 74,
"end": 81
},
{
"text": "lactate",
"start": 212,
"end": 219
},
{
"text": "LA",
"start": 221,
"end": 223
},
{
"text": "zidovudine"... | {
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},
{
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Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND: An association between the use of oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction has been found in some, but not all, studies. We investigated this association, according to the type of progestagen included in third - generation (i. e., d... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "Oral contraceptives",
"start": 0,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "oral contraceptives",
"start": 105,
"end": 124
},
{
"text": "progestagen",
"start": 268,
"end": 279
},
... | {
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},
{
"label": "disease",
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Effects of 5 - HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the accumbal shell or core on the cocaine - induced locomotor hyperactivity in rats. The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5 - HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the subregions of the nucleus accumbens (the shell and the core) on the locomo... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "cocaine",
"start": 90,
"end": 97
},
{
"text": "cocaine",
"start": 349,
"end": 356
},
{
"text": "GR 55562",
"start": 494,
"end": 502
},
{
"text": "CP 93... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "chemical",
"description": "A chemical substance, including drugs, compounds, elements, ions, metabolites, and other chemical entities mentioned in biomedical text."
},
{
"label": "disease",
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Ticlopidine - induced cholestatic hepatitis. OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of ticlopidine - induced cholestatic hepatitis, investigate its mechanism, and compare the observed main characteristics with those of the published cases. CASE SUMMARIES: Two patients developed prolonged cholestatic hepatitis after receiving tic... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "Ticlopidine",
"start": 0,
"end": 11
},
{
"text": "ticlopidine",
"start": 77,
"end": 88
},
{
"text": "ticlopidine",
"start": 317,
"end": 328
},
{
"text"... | {
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Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunit mRNA and protein expression in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside - induced nephrotic syndrome. In experimental nephrotic syndrome, urinary sodium excretion is decreased during the early phase of the disease. The molecular mechanism (s) leading to salt retention has not been co... | {
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{
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{
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{
... | {
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NO - induced migraine attack: strong increase in plasma calcitonin gene - related peptide (CGRP) concentration and negative correlation with platelet serotonin release. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the plasma calcitonin gene - related peptide (CGRP) concentration and platelet serotonin (5 ... | {
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{
"text": "calcitonin gene - related peptide",
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{
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"end": 95
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{
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Coronary aneurysm after implantation of a paclitaxel - eluting stent. Formation of coronary aneurysm is a rare complication of stenting with bare metal stents, but based on experimental studies drug - eluting stents may induce toxic effects on the vessel wall with incomplete stent apposition, aneurysm formation and wit... | {
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"text": "paclitaxel",
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{
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... | {
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Behavioral effects of urotensin - II centrally administered in mice. Urotensin - II (U - II) receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system. Intracerebroventricular (i. c. v.) injection of U - II causes hypertension and bradycardia and stimulates prolactin and thyrotropin secretion. However, the behavio... | {
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"text": "urotensin - II",
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{
"text": "Urotensin - II",
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"end": 83
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{
"text": "U - II",
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Recurrent dysphonia and acitretin. We report the case of a woman complaining of dysphonia while she was treated by acitretin. Her symptoms totally regressed after drug withdrawal and reappeared when acitretin was reintroduced. To our knowledge, this is the first case of acitretin - induced dysphonia. This effect may be... | {
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{
"text": "acitretin",
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{
"text": "acitretin",
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"end": 208
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Pharmacological modulation of pain - related brain activity during normal and central sensitization states in humans. Abnormal processing of somatosensory inputs in the central nervous system (central sensitization) is the mechanism accounting for the enhanced pain sensitivity in the skin surrounding tissue injury (sec... | {
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"text": "gabapentin",
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{
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"end": 929
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{
"text": "capsaicin",
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MDMA polydrug users show process - specific central executive impairments coupled with impaired social and emotional judgement processes. In recent years working memory deficits have been reported in users of MDMA (3, 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy). The current study aimed to assess the impact of MDMA use ... | {
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"text": "MDMA",
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{
"text": "MDMA",
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{
"text": "3, 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine",
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"end": 251
},
{
... | {
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Severe citrate toxicity complicating volunteer apheresis platelet donation. We report a case of severe citrate toxicity during volunteer donor apheresis platelet collection. The donor was a 40 - year - old female, first - time apheresis platelet donor. Past medical history was remarkable for hypertension, hyperlipidemi... | {
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{
"text": "citrate",
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{
"text": "citrate",
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"end": 110
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{
"text": "bumetanide",
"start": 369,
"end": 379
},
{
"text": "prav... | {
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Proteinuria after conversion to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients. Sirolimus (SRL) is a new, potent immunosuppressive agent. More recently, proteinuria has been reported as a consequence of sirolimus therapy, although the mechanism has remained unclear. We retrospectively examined the records of 25 renal transpl... | {
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"text": "sirolimus",
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{
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{
"text": "SRL",
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{
"text": "sirolimus"... | {
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In vitro characterization of parasympathetic and sympathetic responses in cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis in the rat. In cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis in the rat, detrusor function is impaired and the expression and effects of muscarinic receptors altered. Whether or not the neuronal transmission may be affec... | {
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{
"text": "cyclophosphamide",
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"end": 90
},
{
"text": "cyclophosphamide",
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"end": 141
},
{
"text": "cyclophosphamide",
"start": 421,
"end": 437
},
... | {
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Associations between use of benzodiazepines or related drugs and health, physical abilities and cognitive function: a non - randomised clinical study in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To describe associations between the use of benzodiazepines or related drugs (BZDs / RDs) and health, functional abilities and cognitive functi... | {
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{
"text": "benzodiazepines",
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{
"text": "benzodiazepines",
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"end": 236
},
{
"text": "BZDs",
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"end": 259
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{
"t... | {
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Acute vocal fold palsy after acute disulfiram intoxication. Acute peripheral neuropathy caused by a disulfiram overdose is very rare and there is no report of it leading to vocal fold palsy. A 49 - year - old woman was transferred to our department because of quadriparesis, lancinating pain, sensory loss, and paresthes... | {
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"chemical": [
{
"text": "disulfiram",
"start": 35,
"end": 45
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{
"text": "disulfiram",
"start": 100,
"end": 110
},
{
"text": "disulfiram",
"start": 402,
"end": 412
},
{
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Higher optical density of an antigen assay predicts thrombosis in patients with heparin - induced thrombocytopenia. OBJECTIVES: To correlate optical density and percent inhibition of a two - step heparin - induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antigen assay with thrombosis; the assay utilizes reaction inhibition characteristi... | {
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"chemical": [
{
"text": "heparin",
"start": 80,
"end": 87
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{
"text": "heparin",
"start": 196,
"end": 203
},
{
"text": "heparin",
"start": 333,
"end": 340
},
{
"text": "hepari... | {
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Central retinal vein occlusion associated with clomiphene - induced ovulation. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of central retinal vein occlusion associated with clomiphene citrate (CC). DESIGN: Case study. SETTING: Ophthalmology clinic of an academic hospital. PATIENT (S): A 36 - year - old woman referred from the infertil... | {
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"chemical": [
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"text": "clomiphene",
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{
"text": "clomiphene citrate",
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"end": 175
},
{
"text": "CC",
"start": 177,
"end": 179
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{
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Nicotine - induced nystagmus correlates with midpontine activation. The pathomechanism of nicotine - induced nystagmus (NIN) is unknown. The aim of this study was to delineate brain structures that are involved in NIN generation. Eight healthy volunteers inhaled nicotine in darkness during a functional magnetic resonan... | {
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"text": "Nicotine",
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{
"text": "nicotine",
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{
"text": "nicotine",
"start": 263,
"end": 271
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{
"text": "oxygen"... | {
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Protective effect of verapamil on gastric hemorrhagic ulcers in severe atherosclerotic rats. Studies concerning with pathogenesis of gastric hemorrhage and mucosal ulceration produced in atherosclerotic rats are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the role of gastric acid back - diffusion, mast cell histamine ... | {
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{
"text": "verapamil",
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{
"text": "histamine",
"start": 310,
"end": 319
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{
"text": "vitamin D2",
"start": 503,
"end": 513
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{
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Adriamycin - induced autophagic cardiomyocyte death plays a pathogenic role in a rat model of heart failure. BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying heart failure induced by adriamycin are very complicated and still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether autophagy was involved in the progression of hea... | {
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"text": "Adriamycin",
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{
"text": "adriamycin",
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{
"text": "adriamycin",
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Confusion, a rather serious adverse drug reaction with valproic acid: a review of the French Pharmacovigilance database. INTRODUCTION: Confusion is an adverse drug reaction frequently observed with valproic acid. Some case reports are published in the literature but no systematic study from a sample of patients has bee... | {
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{
"text": "valproic acid",
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{
"text": "valproic acid",
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"end": 211
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{
"text": "valproic acid",
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"end": 561
},
{
... | {
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Learning and memory deficits in ecstasy users and their neural correlates during a face - learning task. It has been consistently shown that ecstasy users display impairments in learning and memory performance. In addition, working memory processing in ecstasy users has been shown to be associated with neural alteratio... | {
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{
"text": "ecstasy",
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{
"text": "ecstasy",
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"end": 148
},
{
"text": "ecstasy",
"start": 253,
"end": 260
},
{
"text": "ecstas... | {
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Prolonged elevation of plasma argatroban in a cardiac transplant patient with a suspected history of heparin - induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis. BACKGROUND: Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) provide an alternative method of anticoagulation for patients with a history of heparin - induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) ... | {
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{
"text": "argatroban",
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"end": 40
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{
"text": "heparin",
"start": 101,
"end": 108
},
{
"text": "heparin",
"start": 279,
"end": 286
},
{
"text": "arg... | {
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Antituberculosis therapy - induced acute liver failure: magnitude, profile, prognosis, and predictors of outcome. Antituberculosis therapy (ATT) - associated acute liver failure (ATT - ALF) is the commonest drug - induced ALF in South Asia. Prospective studies on ATT - ALF are lacking. The current study prospectively e... | {
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{
"text": "Antituberculosis",
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"end": 16
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{
"text": "Antituberculosis",
"start": 114,
"end": 130
},
{
"text": "bilirubin",
"start": 1662,
"end": 1671
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],
... | {
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},
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Central nervous system complications during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a single pediatric institution. Central nervous system (CNS) complications during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain a challenging clinical problem. Outcome improvement with more intensive chemotherapy... | {
"entities": {
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{
"text": "methotrexate",
"start": 1076,
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],
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"text": "Central nervous system complications",
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{
"text": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia",
... | {
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Safety of capecitabine: a review. IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Fluoropyrimidines, in particular 5 - fluorouracil (5 - FU), have been the mainstay of treatment for several solid tumors, including colorectal, breast and head and neck cancers, for > 40 years. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: This article reviews the pharmacology... | {
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{
"text": "capecitabine",
"start": 10,
"end": 22
},
{
"text": "Fluoropyrimidines",
"start": 59,
"end": 76
},
{
"text": "5 - fluorouracil",
"start": 92,
"end": 108
},
{
... | {
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},
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Effects of pallidal neurotensin on haloperidol - induced parkinsonian catalepsy: behavioral and electrophysiological studies. OBJECTIVE: The globus pallidus plays a critical role in movement regulation. Previous studies have indicated that the globus pallidus receives neurotensinergic innervation from the striatum, and... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "neurotensin",
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"end": 31
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{
"text": "haloperidol",
"start": 35,
"end": 46
},
{
"text": "neurotensin",
"start": 350,
"end": 361
},
{
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},
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Antihypertensive drugs and depression: a reappraisal. Eighty - nine new referral hypertensive out - patients and 46 new referral non - hypertensive chronically physically ill out - patients completed a mood rating scale at regular intervals for one year. The results showed a high prevalence of depression in both groups... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "methyl dopa",
"start": 575,
"end": 586
}
],
"disease": [
{
"text": "depression",
"start": 27,
"end": 37
},
{
"text": "hypertensive",
"start": 81,
"end": 93
}... | {
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},
{
"label": "disease",
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Pulmonary shunt and cardiovascular responses to CPAP during nitroprusside - induced hypotension. The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on cardiovascular dynamics and pulmonary shunt (QS / QT) were investigated in 12 dogs before and during sodium nitroprusside infusion that decreased mean arterial bl... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "nitroprusside",
"start": 60,
"end": 73
},
{
"text": "sodium nitroprusside",
"start": 259,
"end": 279
},
{
"text": "nitroprusside",
"start": 358,
"end": 371
},
... | {
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},
{
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Mediation of enhanced reflex vagal bradycardia by L - dopa via central dopamine formation in dogs. L - Dopa (5 mg / kg i. v.) decreased blood pressure and heart rate after extracerebral decarboxylase inhibition with MK - 486 (25 mg / kg i. v.) in anesthetize MAO - inhibited dogs. In addition, reflex bradycardia caused ... | {
"entities": {
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{
"text": "L - dopa",
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"end": 58
},
{
"text": "dopamine",
"start": 71,
"end": 79
},
{
"text": "L - Dopa",
"start": 99,
"end": 107
},
{
"text": "MK - 4... | {
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},
{
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Cocaine - induced myocardial infarction: clinical observations and pathogenetic considerations. Clinical and experimental data published to date suggest several possible mechanisms by which cocaine may result in acute myocardial infarction. In individuals with preexisting, high - grade coronary arterial narrowing, acut... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "Cocaine",
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"end": 7
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{
"text": "cocaine",
"start": 190,
"end": 197
},
{
"text": "oxygen",
"start": 386,
"end": 392
},
{
"text": "cocaine",... | {
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},
{
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Rabbit syndrome, antidepressant use, and cerebral perfusion SPECT scan findings. The rabbit syndrome is an extrapyramidal side effect associated with chronic neuroleptic therapy. Its occurrence in a patient being treated with imipramine is described, representing the first reported case of this syndrome in conjunction ... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "antidepressant",
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"end": 31
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{
"text": "imipramine",
"start": 226,
"end": 236
},
{
"text": "antidepressants",
"start": 325,
"end": 340
}
],
"di... | {
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{
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Acute bronchodilating effects of ipratropium bromide and theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The bronchodilator effects of a single dose of ipratropium bromide aerosol (36 micrograms) and short - acting theophylline tablets (dose titrated to produce serum levels of 10 - 20 micrograms / mL) were compa... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "ipratropium bromide",
"start": 33,
"end": 52
},
{
"text": "theophylline",
"start": 57,
"end": 69
},
{
"text": "ipratropium bromide",
"start": 159,
"end": 178
},
... | {
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},
{
"label": "disease",
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Irreversible damage to the medullary interstitium in experimental analgesic nephropathy in F344 rats. Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) and a decreased urinary concentrating ability developed during continuous long - term treatment with aspirin and paracetamol in female Fischer 344 rats. Renal structure and concentrating ... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "aspirin",
"start": 234,
"end": 241
},
{
"text": "paracetamol",
"start": 246,
"end": 257
}
],
"disease": [
{
"text": "nephropathy",
"start": 76,
"end": 87
},
... | {
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},
{
"label": "disease",
"description": "A disease, disorder, syndrome, pathological cond... |
Less frequent lithium administration and lower urine volume. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether patients maintained on a regimen of lithium on a once - per - day schedule have lower urine volumes than do patients receiving multiple doses per day. METHOD: This was a cross - sectional study of 85 pat... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "lithium",
"start": 14,
"end": 21
},
{
"text": "lithium",
"start": 153,
"end": 160
},
{
"text": "lithium",
"start": 333,
"end": 340
},
{
"text": "lithiu... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "chemical",
"description": "A chemical substance, including drugs, compounds, elements, ions, metabolites, and other chemical entities mentioned in biomedical text."
},
{
"label": "disease",
"description": "A disease, disorder, syndrome, pathological cond... |
Effect of adriamycin combined with whole body hyperthermia on tumor and normal tissues. Thermal enhancement of Adriamycin - mediated antitumor activity and normal tissue toxicities by whole body hyperthermia were compared using a F344 rat model. Antitumor activity was studied using a tumor growth delay assay. Acute nor... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "adriamycin",
"start": 10,
"end": 20
},
{
"text": "Adriamycin",
"start": 111,
"end": 121
},
{
"text": "Adriamycin",
"start": 607,
"end": 617
},
{
"text"... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "chemical",
"description": "A chemical substance, including drugs, compounds, elements, ions, metabolites, and other chemical entities mentioned in biomedical text."
},
{
"label": "disease",
"description": "A disease, disorder, syndrome, pathological cond... |
Prazosin - induced stress incontinence. A case of genuine stress incontinence due to prazosin, a common antihypertensive drug, is presented. Prazosin exerts its antihypertensive effects through vasodilatation caused by selective blockade of postsynaptic alpha - 1 adrenergic receptors. As an alpha - blocker, it also exe... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "Prazosin",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
},
{
"text": "prazosin",
"start": 85,
"end": 93
},
{
"text": "Prazosin",
"start": 141,
"end": 149
},
{
"text": "prazosi... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "chemical",
"description": "A chemical substance, including drugs, compounds, elements, ions, metabolites, and other chemical entities mentioned in biomedical text."
},
{
"label": "disease",
"description": "A disease, disorder, syndrome, pathological cond... |
Myocardial infarction following sublingual administration of isosorbide dinitrate. A 78 - year - old with healed septal necrosis suffered a recurrent myocardial infarction of the anterior wall following the administration of isosorbide dinitrate 5 mg sublingually. After detailing the course of events, we discuss the ro... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "isosorbide dinitrate",
"start": 61,
"end": 81
},
{
"text": "isosorbide dinitrate",
"start": 225,
"end": 245
}
],
"disease": [
{
"text": "Myocardial infarction",
"start": 0... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "chemical",
"description": "A chemical substance, including drugs, compounds, elements, ions, metabolites, and other chemical entities mentioned in biomedical text."
},
{
"label": "disease",
"description": "A disease, disorder, syndrome, pathological cond... |
Fluoxetine - induced akathisia: clinical and theoretical implications. Five patients receiving fluoxetine for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder or major depression developed akathisia. The typical fluoxetine - induced symptoms of restlessness, constant pacing, purposeless movements of the feet and legs, an... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "Fluoxetine",
"start": 0,
"end": 10
},
{
"text": "fluoxetine",
"start": 95,
"end": 105
},
{
"text": "fluoxetine",
"start": 210,
"end": 220
},
{
"text": ... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "chemical",
"description": "A chemical substance, including drugs, compounds, elements, ions, metabolites, and other chemical entities mentioned in biomedical text."
},
{
"label": "disease",
"description": "A disease, disorder, syndrome, pathological cond... |
Chronic active hepatitis associated with diclofenac sodium therapy. Diclofenac sodium (Voltarol, Geigy Pharmaceuticals) is a non - steroidal anti - inflammatory derivative of phenylacetic acid. Although generally well - tolerated, asymptomatic abnormalities of liver function have been recorded and, less commonly, sever... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "diclofenac sodium",
"start": 41,
"end": 58
},
{
"text": "Diclofenac sodium",
"start": 68,
"end": 85
},
{
"text": "Voltarol",
"start": 87,
"end": 95
},
{
... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "chemical",
"description": "A chemical substance, including drugs, compounds, elements, ions, metabolites, and other chemical entities mentioned in biomedical text."
},
{
"label": "disease",
"description": "A disease, disorder, syndrome, pathological cond... |
Stroke associated with cocaine use. We describe eight patients in whom cocaine use was related to stroke and review 39 cases from the literature. Among these 47 patients the mean (+ / - SD) age was 32. 5 + / - 12. 1 years; 76% (34 / 45) were men. Stroke followed cocaine use by inhalation, intranasal, intravenous, and i... | {
"entities": {
"chemical": [
{
"text": "cocaine",
"start": 23,
"end": 30
},
{
"text": "cocaine",
"start": 71,
"end": 78
},
{
"text": "cocaine",
"start": 263,
"end": 270
},
{
"text": "cocaine"... | {
"entities": [
{
"label": "chemical",
"description": "A chemical substance, including drugs, compounds, elements, ions, metabolites, and other chemical entities mentioned in biomedical text."
},
{
"label": "disease",
"description": "A disease, disorder, syndrome, pathological cond... |
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