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what is the secondary market | the secondary market is where investors buy and sell securities trades take place on the secondary market between other investors and traders rather than from the companies that issue the securities people typically associate the secondary market with the stock market national exchanges such as the new york stock excha... | |
how the secondary market works | as noted above securities are bought and sold by investors among one another on the secondary market after they are first sold on the primary market as such most people call the secondary market the stock market transactions that occur on the secondary market are termed secondary simply because they are one step remove... | |
are the secondary and stock market the same | most people consider the stock market to be the secondary market this is where securities are traded after they are issued for the first time on the primary market for instance company x would conduct its initial public offering on the primary market once complete its shares are available to trade on the secondary mark... | |
why is the secondary market important | the secondary market is where securities are traded after they go through the primary market it is a key part of the financial system providing liquidity to the market it also allows traders with a centralized location where they can make trades investors who deal with large and small volumes of trades have the ability... | |
what is a 1035 exchange | a 1035 exchange is a provision in the internal revenue service irs code allowing for a tax free transfer of an existing annuity contract life insurance policy long term care product or endowment for another of like kind rules may vary by company but full and partial 1035 exchanges are allowed typically 1035 exchanges b... | |
how a 1035 exchange works | a 1035 exchange allows individuals to transfer life insurance annuities and endowments to a similar vehicle tax free these transfers must be between similar products such as life insurance for life insurance or a non qualified annuity for a non qualified annuity the 2006 pension protection act ppa modified irc section ... | |
what is not allowed in a 1035 exchange | transfers between qualified accounts such as iras and 401 k s are not characterized as 1035 exchanges under a 1035 exchange the irs disallows the transfer of funds from the account holder to the institution exchanges between like kind accounts where the annuitant or owner on the existing account is not the same on the ... | |
do individuals have to report a 1035 exchange on a tax return | a 1035 exchange must be reported on a tax return if the funds are transferred from institution to institution the transferring company will issue a 1099 r form recording the amount transferred and a distribution code to denote a 1035 exchange although the transaction is reportable it is not taxable if the exchange occu... | |
what is the difference between a replacement and a 1035 exchange | a 1035 exchange is a replacement however not every replacement qualifies as a 1035 exchange when an annuity or life insurance policy is exchanged into another annuity it is a replacement and 1035 exchange an exchange of an annuity contract for a life insurance policy can be characterized as a replacement but does not q... | |
what is section 1231 gain | section 1231 property is a type of property defined by section 1231 of the u s internal revenue code section 1231 property is real or depreciable business property held for more than one year a section 1231 gain from the sale of a property is taxed at the lower capital gains tax rate versus the rate for ordinary income... | |
where does section 1231 gain get reported | irs form 4797 sales of business property is used to report the section 1231 gains on a sold property | |
what is the difference between 1231 and 1250 property | section 1231 applies to all depreciable business assets owned for more than one year while section 1250 and also 1245 provides guidance on how different asset categories are taxed when sold at a gain or loss all property used in a trade or business is considered section 1231 property and for taxation purposes either se... | |
when it comes to taxation there is no difference under certain circumstances if gains on property fitting section 1231 s definition are more than the adjusted basis and amount of depreciation the income is counted as capital gains and as a result it is taxed at a lower rate than ordinary income | the bottom linesection 1231 gains are gains from depreciable property and real property used in a business and held for more than one year such gains are considered tax friendly as they have traditionally enjoyed a favored status in the tax code net section 1231 gains for the taxable year are treated as long term capit... | |
what is section 1245 | section 1245 is part of the internal revenue code irc that covers the applicable tax rate for gains from the sale or transfer of depreciable and amortizable property it applies to certain types of real or tangible business property that have been held by that business for more than 12 months section 1245 outlines what ... | |
what is section 1231 | section 1231 is part of the u s internal revenue code that defines the tax treatment of certain types of real or depreciable business property it allows the sale of these properties to be taxed at capital gains tax rates rather than at the higher rates for ordinary income 2 | |
what are capital gains tax rates | the capital gains tax is levied on the sale of certain investments or properties that have been held for more than a year in 2023 the tax return filed in 2024 the capital gains tax rates are 0 15 or 20 of the profit depending on the filer s income 4 | |
what is the difference between section 1245 property and section 1231 property | section 1245 and section 1231 concern the same types of business property the difference between them is that section 1245 properties have been depreciated or amortized once the tax on that depreciation or amortization has been recaptured the property is considered section 1231 property 2the bottom linesection 1245 pro... | |
what is section 1250 | section 1250 of the united states internal revenue code is a rule establishing that the irs will tax a gain from the sale of depreciated real property as ordinary income if the accumulated depreciation exceeds the depreciation calculated with the straight line method section 1250 bases the amount of tax due on the prop... | |
what is a sector | a sector is an area of the economy in which businesses share the same or related business activity product or service sectors represent a large grouping of companies with similar business activities such as the extraction of natural resources and agriculture dividing an economy into different sectors helps economists a... | |
what are the 4 main economic sectors | the four main sectors of an economy are | |
what is a sector breakdown | a sector breakdown is the mix of industry sectors like technology or healthcare held by a fund or portfolio typically expressed as a percentage sector designations can vary depending on the fund s investment criteria and overall objective investopedia eliana rodgerssector investinga sector breakdown can help an investo... | |
what is the five percent rule | a well diversified portfolio includes as many sectors as possible and does not concentrate too many funds into a single sector or related sectors investors can employ the five percent rule with sector funds to diversify within specialty sectors such as biotech commercial real estate or gold miners investors keep their ... | |
what industries are included in the energy sector | the energy sector includes companies that target oil gas coal and consumable fuels through exploration and production refining and marketing and storage and transportation the sector also includes companies that offer oil and gas equipment and services 3 | |
how are companies classified under gics | every company is assigned a gics classification at the sub industry levelaccording to its primary business activity msci and s p dow jones indices use revenues and earnings to determine a company s principal business 4the bottom linesectors are broad classifications such as consumer staples healthcare or technology the... | |
what is secular | in finance secular is a descriptive word used to refer to market activities that occur over the long term secular can also point to specific stocks or stock sectors unaffected by short term trends secular trends are not seasonal or cyclical instead they remain consistent over time understanding secularinvestors and ana... | |
how to identify secular trends | a stock is secular when the associated company earnings remain constant regardless of other trends occurring within the market companies are often secular when the primary business relates to consumer staples or products that most households consistently use consumer staples can include personal care items such as sham... | |
what are secular trends in healthcare | in healthcare a secular trend refers to patterns in disease activity over a long time usually many years secular trends may be affected by factors such as population immunity but they are not affected by periodic factors or seasonal trends 3 | |
what does secular headwinds mean | in finance a headwind refers to forces that act to slow or limit growth a secular headwind refers to long term factors that act as a dampener to market growth during the upswing of the business cycle | |
what does secular tailwinds mean | in finance a tailwind refers to forces that help accelerate market growth a secular tailwind refers to long term economic trends that help feed market growth in contrast to cyclical factors that limit growth the bottom linein investing secular refers to business trends with a low correlation to the business cycle a sec... | |
what is the securities and exchange board of india sebi | the securities and exchange board of india sebi is the most important regulator of securities markets in india sebi is the counterpart of the securities and exchange commission sec in the u s its stated objective is to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of and to regulate th... | |
what is the securities act of 1933 | the securities act of 1933 was created and passed into law to protect investors after the stock market crash of 1929 the legislation had two main goals to ensure more transparency in financial statements so investors could make informed decisions about investments and to establish laws against misrepresentation and fra... | |
what was the objective of the 1933 securities act | the main goal of the securities act of 1933 was to introduce national disclosure requirements for companies selling stock or other securities it requires companies selling securities to the public to reveal key information about their property financial health and executives prior to that law securities were only subje... | |
how is the head of the securities and exchange commission chosen | the securities and exchange commission is headed by five commissioners who serve five year terms and are appointed by the president with the consent of the senate the president also designates one of those commissioners to be the chairman of the body 7 | |
how did the public benefit from the federal securities act | the main benefit of the securities act was to introduce disclosure requirements for new securities issues prior to its passage companies selling stocks or bonds could promise large profits without revealing key information about their companies the disclosure requirements helped investors better understand the true fin... | |
the u s securities and exchange commission sec is an independent federal government regulatory agency responsible for protecting investors and maintaining fair and orderly securities markets congress created the sec in 1934 as the first federal regulator of the securities markets the sec s efforts are meant to protect ... | securities offered in the u s must be registered with the sec before being sold to investors financial services firms such as broker dealers advisory firms asset managers and their professional representatives must also register with the sec to do business investopedia julie bang | |
how the securities and exchange commission sec works | the sec oversees organizations and individuals in the securities markets including securities exchanges brokerage firms dealers registered investment advisors and investment funds through established securities rules and regulations the sec promotes disclosure and sharing of market related information fair dealing and ... | |
how the sec enforces securities law | since the 1930s the sec has enforced securities laws and regulations through two primary mechanisms often in conjunction with criminal cases brought by doj and other prosecutorial authorities in civil suits the sec seeks three main sanctions below is a table of the most common results of the sec s successful enforcemen... | |
how does the sec make new rules | new sec regulations start with a concept release which leads to a proposal a concept release and subsequent proposal are published for public review and comment the sec reviews the public s input to determine its next steps 23 the sec will then convene to consider feedback from the public industry representatives and o... | |
is the sec the same as finra | no the sec is the u s regulator charged with setting rules concerning the issuing marketing and trading of securities the sec is also charged with protecting investors finra formerly nasd is a nonprofit self regulatory industry organization that oversees broker dealers and issues licenses to securities professionals 18... | |
what is the securities exchange act of 1934 | the securities exchange act of 1934 sea was created to govern securities transactions on the secondary market after issue its goal was to ensure greater financial transparency and accuracy and less fraud or manipulation the sea authorized the formation of the securities and exchange commission sec the regulatory arm of... | |
what did the securities exchange act of 1934 do | the securities exchange act of 1934 regulates secondary financial markets to ensure a transparent and fair environment for investors it prohibits fraudulent activities such as insider trading and ensures that publicly traded companies must disclose important information to current and potential shareholders | |
what are the two main purposes of the securities exchange act | the sea has two primary goals it is intended to prevent fraud in the securities market and to create more transparency in companies financial disclosures so that investors have the information they need to make informed decisions | |
what is the difference between the 1933 and 1934 securities acts | the securities exchange act of 1933 regulates newly issued securities such as those being sold through an initial public offering the securities exchange act of 1934 regulates securities that are already being actively traded on the secondary market the bottom linethe securities exchange act of 1934 regulates securitie... | |
what is securities lending | securities lending is the practice of loaning shares of stock commodities derivative contracts or other securities to other investors or firms securities lending requires the borrower to put up collateral whether cash other securities or a letter of credit | |
when a security is loaned the title and the ownership are also transferred to the borrower a loan fee or borrow fee is charged by a brokerage to a client for borrowing shares along with any interest due related to the loan the loan fee and interest are charged pursuant to a securities lending agreement that must be com... | securities lending provides liquidity to markets can generate additional interest income for long term holders of securities and allows for short selling investopedia ryan oakleyunderstanding securities lendingsecurities lending is generally facilitated between brokers or dealers and not directly by individual investor... | |
when a security is transferred as part of the lending agreement all rights are transferred to the borrower this includes voting rights the right to dividends and the rights to any other distributions often the borrower sends payments equal to the dividends and other returns back to the lender | example of securities lendingsuppose an investor believes that the price of a stock will fall from its current price of 100 to 75 in the near future the stock is not very volatile and generally trades in defined ranges in order to profit from this thesis the investor borrows 50 shares of the company from a securities f... | |
securitization is the financial alchemy of taking not easily or nontradable assets pooling them together and selling tradeable shares in that pool to investors broadly securitization could be taking any assets as with bitcoin or ether for crypto exchange traded funds or properties and related assets for real estate inv... | however we focus here on its primary meaning for investors and regulators when an issuer designs a marketable financial instrument by merging financial assets normally mortgage loans and consumer or commercial debt 1 investors who buy these securities receive the principal and interest payments for the underlying asset... | |
how securitization works | in securitization the company or the originator that holds the assets determines which assets to remove from its balance sheets a bank might do this with mortgages and personal loans it no longer wants to service or raise capital for additional loans this gathered group of assets is now considered a reference portfolio... | |
when an investor purchases these securities they are essentially buying a share in a pool of mortgages as homeowners make their monthly mortgage payments principal and interest the cash is collected by the gses or agency and distributed to mbs investor pro rata | investors in mbs benefit from the regular cash flows from the underlying mortgages as well as the potential for capital appreciation if interest rates fall as the value of fixed income securities generally rises when interest rates decline however they also face prepayment risk which is the risk that homeowners may ref... | |
which agencies regulate securitization | companies that engage in securities or investment activities are regulated by the u s securities and exchange commission and the financial industry regulatory authority | |
how are investors paid by investing in mortgage based securities | two types of mbs included pass throughs and collateralized mortgage obligations cmo pass throughs are structured as trusts in which mortgage payments are collected and passed to investors with stated maturities of 5 15 or 30 years cmos consist of pools of securities known as tranches with varying credit ratings that de... | |
what is the difference between an mbs and an abs | mortgage backed securities are bonds backed by home loans issued to consumers asset backed securities are bonds backed by auto loans mobile home loans credit card loans and student loans the bottom linesecuritization pools or groups debt into investable portfolios to make marketable financial instruments investors can ... | |
what is a security | the term security refers to a multitude of different investments such as stocks bonds investment contracts notes and derivatives for example a security can represent ownership in a corporation in the form of stock a creditor relationship with a governmental body or corporation in the form of a bond or rights to ownersh... | |
how securities trade | publicly traded securities are listed on stock exchanges where issuers can seek security listings and attract investors by ensuring a liquid and regulated market in which to trade informal electronic trading systems have become more common in recent years and securities are now often traded over the counter or directly... | |
when a residual security is converted or exercised it increases the number of current outstanding common shares this can dilute the total share pool and their price also dilution also affects financial analysis metrics such as earnings per share because a company s earnings have to be divided by a greater number of sha... | in contrast if a publicly traded company takes measures to reduce the total number of its outstanding shares the company is said to have consolidated them the net effect of this action is to increase the value of each individual share this is often done to attract more or larger investors such as mutual funds other typ... | |
what is the difference between stocks and securities | stocks or equity shares are one type of security each stock share represents fractional ownership of a public corporation which may include the right to vote for company directors or to receive a small slice of the profits there are many other types of securities such as bonds derivatives and asset backed securities | |
what are marketable securities | a marketable security is any type of stock bond or other security that can easily be bought or sold on a public exchange for example the shares of public companies can be traded on a stock exchange and treasury bonds can be bought and sold on the bond market in contrast a non marketable security is one that cannot be l... | |
what are treasury securities | treasury securities are debt securities issued by the u s treasury department to raise money for the government since they are backed by the government these bonds are considered very low risk and highly desirable for risk averse investors the bottom linesecurities represent the most common investment contracts when sa... | |
what is the security market line | the security market line sml is a line drawn on a chart that serves as a graphical representation of the capital asset pricing model capm which shows different levels of systematic or market risk of various marketable securities plotted against the expected return of the entire market at any given time 1also known as t... | |
when a security is plotted on the sml chart if it appears above the sml it is considered undervalued because the position on the chart indicates that the security offers a greater return against its inherent risk | conversely if the security plots below the sml it is considered overvalued in price because the expected return does not overcome the inherent risk the sml is frequently used in comparing two similar securities that offer approximately the same return in order to determine which of them involves the least amount of inh... | |
what is seed capital | the term seed capital refers to the type of financing used in the formation of a startup funding is provided by private investors usually in exchange for an equity stake in the company or for a share in the profits of a product much of the seed capital a company raises may come from sources close to its founders includ... | |
what is seigniorage | seigniorage is the difference between the face value of money such as a 10 bill or a quarter coin and the cost to produce it if the seigniorage is positive the government will make a profit a negative seigniorage will result in a loss understanding seigniorageseigniorage is counted as revenue for a government when the ... | |
does seigniorage cause inflation | seigniorage itself does not necessarily create inflation but it can contribute to inflationary pressures under certain circumstances the relationship between seigniorage and inflation is complex but let s take a closer look | |
when a government or central bank engages in seigniorage by creating new money it increases the money supply if this increase in the money supply outpaces the growth of goods and services in the economy it can lead to inflation this is based on the quantity theory of money which suggests that an increase in money suppl... | the inflationary impact of seigniorage largely depends on how the newly created money is used if the government uses seigniorage to finance productive investments that increase the economy s productive capacity it may not lead to significant inflation on the other hand if seigniorage is used to finance current consumpt... | |
does inflation impact seigniorage | in general moderate levels of inflation can increase seigniorage revenue for governments but this relationship becomes more complicated at higher inflation rates in a low to moderate inflation environment rising prices increase the nominal demand for money this increased demand for money allows the government to issue ... | |
what are the origins of seigniorage | the origins of the term seigniorage date back to the days of feudal lords in europe those who were seigneurs or lords had the authority to mint coins | |
what is the seigniorage of 1 | in 2023 the u s dollar cost 2 8 cents to produce this means the seigniorage of 1 is 97 2 cents | |
how many coins does the u s mint produce | in 2023 the u s mint produced more than 13 1 billion circulating coins circulating coins such as the penny nickel dime and quarter are defined as those used for everyday transactions the u s mint also produces commemorative coins and precious metal coins can cryptocurrencies generate seigniorage cryptocurrencies can in... | |
what is a self directed ira sdira | a self directed individual retirement account sdira is a type of individual retirement account ira that can hold various alternative investments normally prohibited from regular iras although a custodian or trustee administers the account it s directly managed by the account holder which is why it s called self directe... | |
how to open an sdira | with most ira providers you can only open a regular ira traditional or roth and only invest in the usual suspects stocks bonds and mutual funds etfs to open an sdira you ll need to remember that sdiras are self directed so custodians aren t allowed to give financial advice 1 as such traditional brokerages banks and inv... | |
what is a self directed individual retirement account sdira | a self directed individual retirement account sdira is a type of individual retirement account ira that can hold investments that a typical ira cannot such as precious metals commodities and real estate 1 sdiras have the same contribution limits as traditional and roth iras 7 000 per year and 8 000 if you re 50 or olde... | |
how do you set up an sdira | per the internal revenue service irs all retirement assets including those in sdiras must be held by a qualified custodian the custodian which could be a bank credit union or other financial institution administers the sdira holds the account s investments for safekeeping and ensures that the sdira complies with irs ru... | |
what is the self employed contributions act seca tax | the self employed contributions act seca tax is imposed by the u s government on individuals who are self employed as opposed to those who work for an employer it requires self employed individuals to pay both the employer and employee shares of the federal insurance contributions act fica tax these contributions are c... | |
how much tax do you pay if you are self employed | the total tax you pay if you are self employed is 15 3 this is made up of social security tax 12 4 both from the employer and employee s side of 6 2 each and medicare tax 2 9 both from the employer and employee s side of 1 45 each you are liable for an additional 0 9 medicare tax if your earnings or combined earnings w... | |
how do i avoid paying taxes if i am self employed | as a self employed individual it s mandatory to pay taxes and evading this responsibility constitutes tax evasion however you can legally lower your tax bill by claiming allowable deductions for business expenses the irs permits deductions for various business related costs including office supplies equipment gasoline ... | |
are you taxed more if you are self employed | yes self employed individuals face higher taxation due to the necessity of covering both the employer and employee portions of social security and medicare taxes totaling 15 3 this breaks down into 12 4 for social security 6 2 each for employer and employee and 2 9 for medicare 1 45 each for employer and employee howev... | |
what is self employment | self employment is earning income without being employed and paid by someone else self employed persons may be involved in a variety of occupations but generally are highly skilled at a particular kind of work writers tradespeople freelancers traders investors lawyers salespeople and insurance agents all may be self em... | |
do what you enjoy | no paid days offno benefitswork may come and goyou are liable for your own taxestypes of self employmentindependent contractors are businesses or individuals hired to do specific jobs they receive payment only for the jobs that they do because they are not considered employees they do not receive benefits or workers co... | |
what are the main types of self employment | the main types of self employment types are independent contractor which is an individual working a specific job a sole proprietorship which is a business enterprise run by an individual and which may or may not have additional employees and a partnership which is a business structure between two or more individuals wi... | |
how do you show proof of income if you are self employed | proof of income may be required in various instances such as filing taxes obtaining a mortgage or other loan or purchasing health insurance ways to show proof of income if you are self employed include tax returns form 1099 bank statements both personal and of the business account audited profit and loss statements and... | |
what are the benefits of being self employed | the benefits of being self employed include being your own boss creating your own schedule flexibility working towards your dreams enjoying the challenges of starting something from scratch choosing the people you work with and creating your own work environment the bottom linea self employed person isn t tied to a spe... | |
what is a self regulatory organization sro | a self regulatory organization sro is an entity such as a non governmental organization which has the power to create and enforce stand alone industry and professional regulations and standards on its own in the case of financial sros such as a stock exchange the priority is to protect investors by establishing rules r... | |
what does an sro mean in business | sro stands for self regulatory organization with an sro the principles and rules that govern the organization have been formulated and approved by its members and members agree to adhere to them or face penalties such as fines or expulsion from the organization still sros may be subject to government regulation | |
what can a self regulatory organization do | an sro is usually formed by an industry or professional group to oversee activities within that industry or profession as such sros can admit reprimand or expel members based on established rules and criteria sros thus have oversight surveillance and enforcement mechanisms in place to ensure members are conforming to i... | |
is finra the only financial sro | no many stock exchanges and other professional bodies in the world of finance are structured as sros moreover sros also exist outside of finance | |
is the sec an sro | no the u s securities and exchange commission sec is a federal regulatory body created by an act of congress it is thus governed by federal securities laws and not membership based rules note that the sec oversees finra and acts as the first level of appeal for actions brought by finra the bottom lineself regulatory or... | |
what is sell in may and go away | sell in may and go away is a well known saying in finance it is based on stocks historical underperformance during the six month period from may to october the historical pattern was popularized by the stock trader s almanac which found investing in stocks as represented by the dow jones industrial average from novemb... | |
why not sell in may and go away | the only drawback of historical patterns is that they don t reliably predict the future that s especially true of well known historical patterns if enough people were to become convinced the sell in may and go away pattern is here to stay it would in fact promptly start to go away early bird sellers would all try to se... | |
what is sell side | sell side is the part of the financial industry that is involved with the creation promotion and sale of stocks bonds foreign exchange and other financial instruments to the public market the sell side can also include private capital market instruments such as private placements of debt and equity sell side individual... | |
what is seller financing | seller financing is a real estate agreement in which the seller handles the mortgage process instead of a financial institution instead of applying for a conventional bank mortgage the buyer signs a mortgage with the seller 1owner financing is another name for seller financing it is also called a purchase money mortgag... | |
how seller financing works | buyers attracted to seller financing are often those finding it difficult to get a conventional loan perhaps due to poor credit unlike a bank mortgage seller financing typically involves few or no closing costs and may not require an appraisal sellers are often more flexible than a bank in the amount of down payment al... | |
what are selling general and administrative expenses sg a | selling general and administrative expenses sg a include all non production expenses for a reporting period examples of these expenses are marketing advertising rent and utilities this line item includes nearly all business costs that aren t directly attributable to making a product or performing a service sg a consist... | |
how to calculate sg a expenses | calculating sg a expenses is straightforward when expenses have been classified into categories several factors to keep in mind when calculating sg a costs include | |
how to report sg a expenses | sg a has a very specific place on a company s income statement net revenue is always reported at the top then cogs is deducted to arrive at the gross margin sg a and any other expenses are listed below the gross margin the result is operating profit when these expenses are deducted from the gross margin not all expense... | |
what is the difference between cogs and sg a | sg a includes almost every business expense that isn t included in the cost of goods sold cogs cogs includes the expenses that are necessary to manufacture a product including the labor materials and overhead expenses sg a costs are the residual expenses that are necessary to run the organization and incur costs less s... | |
what are selling expenses | selling expenses include both indirect and direct business costs | |
what are general and administrative g a expenses | the g a of sg a can be called overhead expenses a business has many expenses that are not directly related to making or selling a product office rent utilities and insurance are all costs of doing business departments like human resources and information technology support the company but don t take a direct role in pr... | |
how can sg a be useful to a business manager | sg a is both critical to the success of a business and vulnerable to cost cutting cutting the cost of goods sold cogs can be tough to do without damaging the quality of the product cutting operating expenses can be less damaging to the core business sg a costs are typically reduced after a company merger or acquisition... | |
does sg a include salaries | it depends the cost to directly manufacture products is included in cogs this includes salaries such as manufacturing line supervisors other salaries such as accounting staff are included in sg a the bottom linea company must incur many types of costs to run a business and many of these expenses aren t directly tied to... | |
what is a senior bank loan | a senior bank loan is a debt financing obligation issued to a company by a bank or similar financial institution and then repackaged and sold to investors the repackaged debt obligation consists of multiple loans senior bank loans hold legal claim to the borrower s assets above all other debt obligations because it is ... |
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